20171459 Ver 1_401 Application_20171114

HEADWATER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
It all starts here.
North Carolina Division of Water Resources
401 & Buffer Permitting Unit
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699
(Four Copies)
November 7, 2017
IoL���pb_
NI1�D
A
Reference: PCN Permit Application 4y�&-Wp F P sou Es
Hair Site
Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina
HEnv Project #201712
DWR Staff: 1 1 4 5 9
On behalf of Ms. Kathy Hair (site owner) and ESA Renewables, LLC (solar developer), we are
pleased to submit this Pre -Construction Notification application form.
PROJECT DETAILS
The approximate 17 -acre site is located on the north side of Highway 24, approximately 1,500
feet west of its intersection with Interstate 95 in Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North
Carolina. Downing Road is located along the northern boundary. According to the Cumberland
County GIS, the site includes all of Parcel Identification Number (PIN) 0457-61-5799, and is
owned by Martha L. Hair and Kathy N. Hair.
The proposed use of the site is for a utility scale solar farm. The limits of the solar farm are
located on the northern portion of the site. The proposed solar array will be limited to within the
agricultural field. A proposed access road extends towards the site from Downing Road. The
proposed access road crosses a perennial stream.
The site reconnaissance was conducted on July 10, 2017. The weather during the
reconnaissance was hot, mostly clear and the temperature was in low 90s (degrees
Fahrenheit). HEnv was not accompanied during the delineation. The parcel boundaries were
not marked in the field at the time of our site visit. However, the parcel boundaries were
discernable by landmark features such as tree lines, streams, and fields.
The entire site is used for agricultural purposes. The site was planted with soy beans at the
time of our site reconnaissance. HEnv identified one stream along the northern boundary of the
site (Stream A). The stream is incised and has been routinely dredged/excavated for drainage
purposes. Material from the dredging operation has been sidecast along the southern top of
bank. HEnv utilized the DWR Stream Identification Form (Version 4.11) to rate Stream A.
Although the stream is incised and routinely maintained, it rated as perennial with a score of
32.75.
We observed the remainder of the site for the presence of surface waters or wetlands.
Headwater Environmental, Inc. (HEnv) traversed the perimeter boundaries and made several
transects across the interior of the site. The soils in other areas of the site are bright and
appear well drained. HEnv did not observe additional surface waters or wetlands on the site.
Figure 5 shows the approximate location of Stream A.
1844 Sir Tyler Drive, Wilmington, North Carolina 28405 • T: 910-777-3908 • www.headwaterenvironmental.com

Wetland Delineation
HEnv Project #201712
November 7, 2017
REGULATORY VERIFICATION
On August 1, 2017, HEnv submitted a Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination request to the
USACE. Ms. Emily Greer concurred with the location Stream A. Stream A is perennial and
classified as a Relatively Permanent Water (RPW) by the USACE. The signed JD is
forthcoming. This site has been assigned Action Identification SAW -2017-01812 by the
USACE.
According to the engineering plans dated August 31, 2017; and the stream impact drawings
dated November 6, 2017, there is a proposed road crossing over Stream A. Based on the
design and layout of the culverted road crossing, written approval from the USACE is not
needed. However, approval is required by the DWR, as per page 2 of the Water Quality
General Certification Number 4088.
According to Ms. Ed Burns with the Cumberland County Planning Department, there are no
County implemented stream buffers along Stream A.
The proposed stream impacts will be limited to a 25 -foot wide access road and associated
culvert. The culvert will not extend beyond the access road footprint. Refer to the attached
documents for additional information.
HEnv appreciates your assistance with this project. If you have questions or need additional
information, please contact us at [phone].
Respectfully submitted,
Headwater Enviro alnc.
C. Paul Pascarosa
President
Enclosure: Figures 1 to 5
Stream Form
Site Plans
Owner Authorization Form
Cumberland County Tax Card
PCN Application Form
PNC Attachments
cc: Mr. Kenny Draffen, McKim and Creed (via email)
Ms. Kimberly Lewis, ReneSola (via email)
Mr. Dave Click, ESA Renewables, LLC (via email)
Ms. Emily Greer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (via email)
2

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LEGEND Home • "'�
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Site Boundary ,-I Fee
+ 800 1,600 3,200
!
HEADWATER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. Source: FIGURE 1
512 Sweetbay Court LOCATION MAP
Wilmington, North Carolina USGS
7.5 -minute Topographic Quadrangle Hair Site
Vander, North Carolina Highway 24
Date: 71212017 dated 1997 Fayetteville, Cumberland County
Contour Interval = 10 Feet North Carolina
/\ HEnv Project #201712
Prepared by: DFH i`' Scale 1"= 1600'

LEGEND
Site Boundary
HEADWATER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
512 Sweetbay Court
Wilmington, North Carolina
Date: 715/2017
Prepared by: DFH
Source:
USGS
Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS),
Archived Soil Survey
dated 1985
Scale 1"= 600'
FIGURE 2
ARCHIVED SOIL SURVEY
Hair Site
Highway 24
Fayetteville, Cumberland County
North Carolina
HEnv Project #201712

LEGEND
5PFt7A1 EFDDD WARD ARFAS ($RWc) SIAl%FR TC
„I INONDATInN BY THF I% ANNIiAI, [HAH[.E now
'..- I t, annrui tna to Mlod (
IW,— II—I;• fro aeana ai NrP saw 1n k
e 1'A thence d Fer9 .sE.IaA a
—de m eny 9Nln 1R.. T. 5PSYl r1 i t •�.
a 1M Nw wrlrt �+ trat»g w Eu IK am«W m+m. bop. Alar m sPrv•x F,., I
s,ra.d .mlrnk fu.ws a, At. a11..4J, AR, A93, Y, aM VF. Tn!.ex {btC Ebwar: rs tI�
•.sNuFYR w„vpM M Im Ih a1YAul Ourco AYr.
ION! • ib MEe inoO lleee0.T GSama•ep.
1011E A! r— 1W F.of ,Nhm'YMt
ION[ AN { tzd = d I .1 I..t llauall sees d Vur10rg1: Nose FbW lw.warn
SOME a0 — Apanr d l w 1 n.t (wlatY ,nrM hwv an sYpt'q fwam:•, aro-al.
d¢ths hien•nrN. ra ue,n d e14vN1 Nn MRMg. vYlWes aM:•
wlamenlrC
ZONE AE SP" ikota Ilspltl Atex k—y peLat 1 haT tle IM Mnual M—
E.N.1 hsv d noun 1-4 SY.- fns nai H,n4.?rem/, ---i bTe AF
Nnkale Mm the lane M1oo] mnb:N sy:en N t— T.VaN 4 p.p.:M
paartrn nmr [ro IV. rrrtW (na.n! a SrnYn. M1W.
TONE AM MNn b M prrarMC loan IM anNW charrcn A:ru1 ny a Petrel M1:,r
pU<e+.rA. sl �r rnxM eaM,uRan m Oese FMrtf E� dGrmlxl
tow[ W "'IM Trod mv.E wth v)Wk' h. -d ;.we a .l, NYE rgla Ek+.dt,a.
OFL OCIC4W AREAS IN ZONE AE
Y M1ppprary k iM C.1rlIrO m a IN
pea 1h 1 k.A RnpaW alms Nut rnuC tr Iaer
et d SMrtNr?.r..R sl t1r21 lne 7'\ Mnu31 Cndn,! 11Yd (dn ne (Melpp vaN.Vl Ltyar(..I
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on im Rono AREAS
ZONE i Areas U 0.. % enval <h— II -I. am N 1% .-1 tlwrce ft Mae
dwtn
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f WMR AREAS
towlE Aro>p9Nrn,mmso.6Ae rte uS\. nnwL O.sroeM1 pEp+n.
.1D Ar.nn.+.n ll,o Mnnr..n Wh.rtrowl, bapwv4
COASTAL BARRIER RESOURCES SYSTEM (CBRS) AREAS
OIHERWRZ MOTES -IED AREAS 10PAE)
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o-+ � cm:rawnsn
rssnirr...............................Downing Rd
t�..y...:....s.-.s:.�s_Ettststt�t.t.stttttt�s.t.t.s........
ZONE X
Cumberland County
Unincorporated Areas
370076
s a aaa_a
Off Ra
mpEx;t52B
J 95 3 Oh 31NC
Exi NC f4WY 24
l S2,1
LEGEND
Site Boundary
NCRouteAres Feet
0 300 600 1,200
HEADWATER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. Source:
512 Sweetbay Court
Wilmington, North Carolina FEMA
Online Flood Map Service Center
Date: 7/1/2016 Map # 3720242800J
January 5, 2007
,� Scale 1"= 600'
Prepared by: DFH
Buckland Dr
NC HWY 24
195 S Off Ramp Exit 52 A
0)
LO
z
FIGURE 4
FEMA MAP
Hair Site
Highway 24
Fayetteville, Cumberland County
North Carolina
HEnv Project #201712

This is not a survey. All locations depicted on this figure are approximate. This Wetland Delineation was conducted by Headwater Environmental,
Inc. (HEnv) on July, 10, 2017. Ms. Emily Greer with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided a verbal verification of the perennial stream
location, Action Identification #2017-2017-00069. If impacts to the stream occurs from development additional coordination with the North Carolina
Division of Water Resources (DWR) will be warranted. HEnv utilized the Trimble Geo7x GPS deivice to located and map the stream.
Watershed: The site drains to Locks Creek.
Locks Creek is located within the Cape
River Basin. Locks Creek is classified as
Class C, Swamp Waters. Riparian buffers
are not implemented by the DWR along
streams in this river basin.
The Cumberland County Planning
Department does not implement buffers
along streams in this portion of the Countv.
DP -1
G
195"
,
3ff
C Ramp Exit
�a.
C 52 B
Y2IV4
LEGEND
Site Boundary
Nc HW 24
Perennial Stream (RPW)
i.
eet
• DP -Data Point
=,.
HEADWATER ENVIRONMENTAL, INC.
Source:
FIGURE 5
512 Sweetbay Court
WETLAND DELINEATION
Wilmington, North Carolina
ESRI
World Base Map Imagery (2013)
Hair Site
Fayetteville, North Carolina
Highway 24
Date:
7/13/2017
Fayetteville, Cumberland County
Scale 1"= 300'
North Carolina
HEnv Project #201712
Prepared by:
DFH
'o

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-
Date: i.
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Latitude
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Longitude,
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Total Points:
Stream is at least intermittent -3 Z,
Stream Determination (circle one)
Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial
Other r
e g Quad Name: `(
if 19 or perennial if z 30'
0
U
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal=., _1)
1® Continuity of channel bed and bank
Absent
0
Weak
Moderate
2
1 2
�Strong
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris 0
2
3
3. in -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool se uence
0
U
2
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
0.5 1 1.5
3
5. Active/relict floodplain
0.5 1 1.5
1
2
3
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
Notes: ne cam.. r 5,In Etc f
2
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
2
3
8. Headcuts _
1
2
3
9. Grade control
0
0.
1
1.5
10. Natural valley0
0.5
1
1.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
es = 3
`artificial ditches are not rated: see discussions in manual
12. Presence of Baseflow 0
1 2
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria 0
2
3
14. Leaf litter 1.
1 0.5
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris 0
0.5 1
1.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles 0
4.5 1
_=0
1.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table? No es = 3
t' Rininnv f^.ithtnt=l = VA 7 C )
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
2 1 0
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2 1 0 _
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1 2 3
21. Aquatic Mollusks uT -�t� t
0
3
22. Fish
0
1.5
23. Crayfish
0
20.5 1 1.5
24. Amphibians
0
0.5 1 1.5
25. Algae
0
0.5 1 1.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FAC - 0.767 = 1.5 Other = 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using of ger methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes: ne cam.. r 5,In Etc f
'AC,
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--------------------------
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ZONE 'X'
FLOOD UM17S
ZONE 'SHADED X'
OVERHEAD UAUTY UNE
NCDOT
--------------
EDf+E OFpfkVE'MBtT`(EOPr—. --- 9�-- — — — — — — —
SR 1834 (DOWNING ROAD
60 PUBLICR/W
I APPROX. LOCATION OF PROPOSED
18" CLASS V RCP (48 LF) OR OTHER
NCDOT APPROVED MATERIAL
(MIN. SLOPE OF 0.5%)
EX. NCDOT R ADS/DE DITCH
EX JURlSDIC OWAL D/T�FI --_— — — — — — — — — — — — - —
�.
y•`i01� • ����x �r iB
MINN zi
lCi an PROPOSED 20' WIDE 93 — —
'
STABILIZED ACCESS ROAD
(6" AGGREGATE BASE, SHADED AREA)
Nq[<JM&0?XED4
8020 TOWER POINT DRIVE
CHARLOTTE, NC 28277
704.841.2588 (Fax: [phone])
— — — — — — — — — �•w
SF PROPOSED SEGENTAL
BLOCK RETAININ WALL
(ENSURE MAXIMUM STREAM
DISTURBANCE OF 24')
APPROX. LOCATION OF
/ PROPOSED 54" CMP (24 LF)
(MIN. SLOPE OF 0.5%)
(BURY PIPE V TO ENSURE
NATURAL BOTTOM)
EX. PROPERTY BOUNDARY UNE
(ce)
N 4 0 40' 80'
�I SCALE: 1"=40' (Horiz.)
HAIR SOLAR FARM
DOWNING ROAD (FAYETTEVILLE, NC)
ESA MANAGEMENT SERVICES, PLLC
Stanford, Florida
STREAM IMPACT AREA
Project No. 7131.0003
Issued 11.06.17 EXHIBIT 1
Scale 1" = 40'
TI

F-
0
0
U
100
Z
100
EX. EDGE OF
PAVEMENT (EOP)
�
�
APPROX. GRADE OF
PROPOSED ACCESSROAD
APPROX. LOCATION OF
PROPOSED 18" CLASS V RCP
(48 LF) OR OTHER NCDOT
APPROVED MATERIALX90
APPROX. LOCATION OF
(MIN. SLOPE OF 0.5%)
PROPOSED 54" CMP (24 LF)
(MIN. SLOPE OF 0.5%)
EX. C/1 OF NC00T ROADSIDE ul
PIPE TO BE BURIED VTO
DITCH
ENSURE NATURAL BOTTOM.
9O
TOTAL DITCH DISTURBANCE
NOT TO EXCEED 24'.
EX C/1 OF XIRISDIC77ONAL
DITCH
�u
INV IN = 88.67'
1�✓Q
INV OUT = 88.55'
80
80
CALE: 1 "=40' (HORIZ.)
40'
0 40' 80'
4'
0 4' 8'
SCALE: 1"=4' (VERT.)
HAIR LAR FARM
EXHIBIT 2
FAYETTEVILLENORTH CAROLINAVv
�N�IQM&CRD
ESA
8020 TOWER POINT DRIVE ProjectNo.7131-0003
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28277
CROSS SECTION
11.06-2017
(T) 704.841.2588 (F) 704.841.2567 Scale (H)1" = 40' (V)1" = 4'
PROPOSED ACCESS ROAD
SHEET 2 OF 3

100
100
APPROX. GRADE OF
PROPOSED ACCESS
ROAD
APPROX. LOCATION OF
PROPOSED 54" CMP
PROPOSED SEGMENTAL
(24 LF)
BLOCK RETAINING WALL -v
(MIN. SLOPE OF 0.5%)
(TOTAL DITCH ye��
DISTURBANCE
NOT TO EXCEED 24') 90
90
EX. GRADE AT C/L OF
—INV IN = 88.67'
JURISDICAONAL DITCH
PIPE BURIED 1'-0" TO
INV OUT = 88.55'
ENSURE NATURAL
BOTTOM
80
1 +00
SCALE: 1"=40' (HORIZ.)
40' 0 40' 80'
4' 0 4' 8'
SCALE: 1"=4' (VERT.)
HAIR SOLAR FARM
Vmq<m&cpjEmEXHIBIT
3
FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
4
ESA
8020 TOWER POINT DRIVE
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28277
Project No. 7131-0003
CROSS SECTION
(T) 704.841.2588 (F) 704.841.2567
11-06-2017
Scale (H)1" = 40' M1" = 4'
CIL OF DITCH
SHEET 3 OF 3

Jurisdictional Determination Request
D. PROPERTY OWNER CERTIFICATION
1. the undigncd, a duly authorized owner of record of the property/properties identified Herein,
do nuthori7t representatives of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
to enter upon the property herein described for the purpose of conducting on-site investigations
and issuing a deterniination associated lath Waters of the U.S. subject to Federal jurisdiction
under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of
1899,
/ut(r ar��liF
Property 0 -%mer (please print)
Date
Additionally, I authorize Headwater Environmental,
ig to wetland
E. JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION TYPE
Select One:
PKIam requesting that the Corps provide a preliminary JD for the property identified herein.
This request does include a delineation -
I ant requesting that the Corps provide a preliminary JD for the property identified herein -
This request does NOT include a delineation.
F] I am requesting that the Carps investigate the property/project area for the presence or
absence of WoUS$ and provide an approved JD for the property identified herein- This
request does NOT include a request for a verified delineation.
ElI am requesting that the Corps delineate the boundaries of all WoUS on a property/project
area and provide an approved JD (this may or may not include a survey plat).
. W
I am requesting that the Corps evaluate and approve a delineation of WoUS (conducted
by others) on a property/prof ct area and provide an approved JD (may or may not
incIude a smeyplat)
.
s Fci NCD OT requests following the cnent'VCUCIT/USACE protocols, skip to Part E.
Watets of the United States
kart: December 2013
t
EM

CUMB CTY ASSESSOR: PI MINI -SHEET BASPRINF411
CFi
� GGrill
aroti»a
COUNTY TAX ASSESSOR
EMAIL
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6/30/17,11:55 AM
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Tax Rate I Tax Records I General Info I Phone Numbers I Real Estate I Personal I GIS Mapping I Electronic Pmts I Coun-
Date: 06/30/2017
Parcel ID:
Owner Name(s):
Owner Address:
Situs Address:
Taxing District:
Tax Bill Number:
Old Parcel ID:
Property Class:
Neighborhood:
Zoning:
Frontage:
Map & Sheet:
Plat Book & Page:
Legal Description:
COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND Tax Year: 2017 Time: 11:54:07
0457-61-5799- TaxYear: 2017 C'i Go
RADCLIFF, KATHY & MARTHA HAIR
419 NORTON ST OAK ISLAND NC 28465
003116 DOWNING RD N/A
0101 VANDER
2691531
0457 -61 -5702 -
AGRICULTURAL & FOREST
4080
RR -
0.00 Depth: 0.00
0457-04
0022-0056
LT 3A DR L G HAIR ESTATE 16.95 AC DOWNING LD
Parcel Taxable Value: (REVALUATION 2017)
Total Land Building Misc.
Appraised: 127,652.00 127,652.00 0.00 0.00
Land Assessment:
Land Use Land Units Land Type Land Rate
RURAL ACREAGE 16.95 AC 7,531.00
(A max of 5 sales can be shown)
Sale History Data:
Deed Book Deed Page
02574 0891
(A max of 10 improvements can be shown)
Miscellaneous Improvements:
Description Type
NO DATA FOUND
Choose the Building to Display: oo
Sale Date
07/01/1984
Date
01/01/2017
Land Value
127,652.00
Sale Price
1.00
Unit Number of Units
Get Building Info
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Administration Office. The Cumberland County Tax Administration Office makes no warranties, either
expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information for any
other particular use. Furthermore, the Cumberland County Tax Administration Office assumes no liability
associated with the use or misuse of said information.
ERROR
http://152.31.99.19/D21LIB/WWW/SWMW20O.CGI?TXYEAR=2017&PARCEL=0457-61-5799- Page 2 of 2
Building Characteristics
Building #:
00 OF 00
Improvement Type:
NO DATA FOUND
Quality Grade:
Actual Year Built:
Foundation:
Exterior:
Heat Method:
Heat Source:
Roof Type:
Cover:
5 -Fix Baths:
4 -Fix Baths: 3 -Fix Baths: 2 -Fix Baths:
Bedrooms:
Fireplaces: Air Cond: Condition:
6/30/17,11:55 AM
# of Stry
Extra Fix:
Click for Tax Sheet
Personal Property Search for RADCLIFF, KATHY & MARTHA HAIR i. co 1
Tax Rate I Tax Records I General Info I Phone Numbers I Real Estate I Personal I GIS Mapping I Electronic Pmts I County_
Disclaimer:
The public information contained herein is furnished as a public service by the Cumberland County Tax
Administration Office. The Cumberland County Tax Administration Office makes no warranties, either
expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, reliability, or suitability of the information for any
other particular use. Furthermore, the Cumberland County Tax Administration Office assumes no liability
associated with the use or misuse of said information.
ERROR
http://152.31.99.19/D21LIB/WWW/SWMW20O.CGI?TXYEAR=2017&PARCEL=0457-61-5799- Page 2 of 2

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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ project no.
Form Version 1.4 January 2009
Pre -Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from the Corps:
❑X Section 404 Permit ❑ Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: NWP14 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has the NWP or GP number been verified by the Corps?
❑ Yes ❑X No
1 d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
❑ 401 Water Quality Certification — Regular ❑ Non -404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑X 401 Water Quality Certification — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1 e. Is this notification solely for the record
because written approval is not required?
For the record only for DWQ
401 Certification:
❑ Yes ❑X No
For the record only for Corps Permit:
❑X Yes ❑ No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in -lieu fee program proposed for
mitigation of impacts? If so, attach the acceptance letter from mitigation bank
or in -lieu fee program.
❑ Yes ❑X No
1g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h
below.
❑ Yes ❑X No
1h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)?
❑ Yes ❑X No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project:
Hair Solar
2b. County:
Cumberland County
2c. Nearest municipality / town:
Fayetteville
2d. Subdivision name:
rural land
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or state project no:
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed:
Martha L. Hair and Kathy N. Hair
3b. Deed Book and Page No.
Deed Book 2574, Page 891
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if
applicable):
n/a
3d. Street address:
419 Norton Street
3e. City, state, zip:
Oak Island, NC 28465
3f. Telephone no.:
910-670-7011
3g. Fax no.:
3h. Email address:
[e-mail]
Page 1 of 10
PCN Form —Version 1.4 January 2009

4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is:
❑ Agent Other, specify: e c V
4b. Name:
Dave Click
4c. Business name
(if applicable):
ESA Renewables, LLC
4d. Street address:
4155 Saint Johns Parkway, Suite 1100
4e. City, state, zip:
Sanford, FL 32771
4f. Telephone no.:
407-268-6455 ext. 109
4g. Fax no.:
4h. Email address:
[e-mail]
5. Agent/Consultant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name:
Paul Pascarosa
5b. Business name
(if applicable):
Headwater Environmental, Inc.
5c_ Street address:
1844 Sir Tyler Drive
5d. City, state, zip:
Wilmington, NC 28405
5e. Telephone no.:
910-777-3908
5f. Fax no.:
5g. Email address:
[e-mail]
Page 2 of 10

B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID): 0457615799
1 b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
Latitude: 35.04596 Longitude: -78.8119
1 c. Property size:
17 acres
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water to proposed project:
unnamed stream to Locks Creek
2b. Water Quality Classification of nearest receiving water:
Class C, Swamp Waters
2c. River basin:
Cape Fear River
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and the general land use in the vicinity of the project at the time of this
application:
The entire site is used for agricultural purposes. The site was planted with soy beans at the time of our site reconnaissance in July 2017. Stream A is
located along the northern boundary of the site. The stream is incised and has been routinely dredged/excavated for drainage purposes. Material
from the dredging operation has been sidecast along the southern top of bank. The stream rated as perennial w/ a score of 32.75.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all existing streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property: 700
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
The applicant intends to develop an approximate 17 -acre ground mount solar farm. An access road is needed to cross Stream A.
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Typical land clearing, grading, and construction methods will be used. Equipment/vehicles to be used include bull dozers, excavators, fork lifts, etc.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdictional wedarid-or-sham determinations by the
Corps or State be equested o obtained for this property /
roject includin es in the ast?
21 Yes El No ❑ Unknown
Comments: pJD request, August 2017. SAW -2017-00069
4b. If the Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what type
of determination was made?
❑ Prelim' agr_ O rO F; pal��
1 N.
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas?
Name (if known): Paul Pascarosa
Agency/Consultant Company: Headwater Environmental
Other:
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and attach documentation.
site visit by USACE was not performed.
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
El Yes ❑X No ❑ Unknown
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" instructions.
6. Future Project Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
❑ Yes ❑X No
6b. If yes, explain.
Page 3 of 10
PCN Form —Version 1.4 January 2009

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1 a. Which sections were completed below for your project (check all that apply):
❑ Wetlands ❑X Streams — tributaries ❑ Buffers ❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Construction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are wetland impacts proposed on the site, then complete this question for each wetland area impacted.
2a.
Wetland impact
number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
2b.
Type of impact
2c.
Type of wetland
2d.
Forested
2e.
Type of jurisdiction
Corps (404,10) or
DWQ (401, other)
2f.
Area of
impact
(acres)
W1 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
-
W2 -
Choose one
Choose on
Yes/No
W3 -
Choose one
Ch5sdone
Yes/No
-
W4 -
Choose one
oose one
Yes/No
W5 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
-
W6 -
Choose one
Choose one
Yes/No
2g. Total Wetland Impacts:
2h. Comments:
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, then complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3a.
Stream impact
number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary (T)
3b. 3c.
Type of impact Stream name
3d.
Perennial (PER) or
intermittent (INT)?
3e. 3f.
Type of Average
jurisdiction stream
width
(feet)
3g.
Impact
length
(linear
feet)
S1 P
Culvert Stream A
PER
DWQ 15
--r3 Z1q
S2
Choose one
S3
Choose one
S4 -
Choose one
S5 -
Choose one
S6
Choose one
3h. Total stream and tributary impacts
.23 Z
3i. Comments:
Stream A is perennial. Scored 32.75 on DWR Stream Form. The only way to access the site is by the construction of an access road over Stream A.
Page 4 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

4. Open Water Impacts
If there are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, estuaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlantic Ocean, or any other open water of
the U.S. then individually list all open water impacts below.
4a.
Open water
impact number
Permanent (P) or
Temporary T
4b.
Name of waterbody
(if applicable)
4c.
Type of im
4d.
Waterbody
type
4e.
Area of impact (acres)
01
Choose one
Choose
02 -
Choose one
Choose
03 -
Choose one
Choose
04
Choose one
Choose
4f. Total open water impacts
4g. Comments:
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If pond or lake construction proposed, the complete the chart below.
5a.
Pond ID number
5b.
Proposed use or
purpose of pond
5c.
Wetland Impaacres)
5d. 5e.
Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
(acres)
Flooded Filled Excavated
Flooded Filled Excavated
Pi
Choose one
P2
Choose one
5f. Tot .
5g. Comments.-
omments:5h.
5h.Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes ❑ No If yes, permit ID no:
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres):
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres):
5k. Method of construction:
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a protected riparian buffer, then complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If any impacts require mitigation, then you MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a. Project is in which protected basin?
❑ Neuse ❑ Tar -Pamlico ❑ C awba ❑ Randleman ❑ Other.
6b.
Buffer Impact
number—
Permanent (P) or
Temporary
6c.
Reason for impact
6d.
Stream nam
6e.
Buffer
mitigation
required?
6f.
Zone 1
impact
(square
feet
6g.
Zone 2
impact
(square
feet
B1 -
Yes/No
B2 -
Yes/No
B3 -
Yes/No
B4
Yes/No
B5 -
Yes/No
B6 -
Yes/No
6h. Total Buffer Impacts:
6i. Comments:
Page 5 of 10

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
An alternate access road option to the east was considered. The eastern access road option required authorization from the adjoining land owner to
the east. Authorization from the adjoining land owner to the east was not provided. Therefore, the access road was designed to cross Stream A.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through construction techniques.
The minimal width for an access road of 24 feet was chosen. The length of culverted stream impacts will not exceed the access road footprint.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does the project require Compensatory Mitigation for
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State?
❑ YesX❑ No
2b. If yes, mitigation is required by (check all that apply):
❑ DWQ ❑ Corps
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for this
project?
❑ Mitigation bank
❑ Payment to in-lieu fee program
❑ Permittee Responsible Mitigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: n/a
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter)
Type: Choose one
Type: Choose one
Type: Choose o
Quantity:
Quantity:
Quantity:
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Making a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval letter from in-lieu fee program is attached.
❑ Yes
4b. Stream mitigation requested:
linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature:
Choose one
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only):
uare feet
4e. Riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigation requested:
acres
4h. Comments:
5. Complete if Using a Permittee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible mitigation plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
Page 6 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact within a protected riparian buffer that requir
Yes ❑ No
buffer mitigation?
6b. If yes, then identify the square feet of impact to each zone of the ri rian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of mitigation required.
6c.
6d.
6e.
Zone
Reason for impact
Total impact
Multiplier
Required mitigation
(square feet
(square feet)
Zone 1
3 (2 for Catawba)
Zone 2
1.5
6f. Total buffer mitigation requi
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is prop ed (e.g., payment to private mitigation bank,
permittee responsible riparian buffer restoration, payment into an proved in-lieu fee fund).
6h. Comments:
Page 7 of 10

E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. Diffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified
❑ Yes ❑X No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, then is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
❑ Yes ❑ No
2. Stormwater Management Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project?
2.8%
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan?
❑ Yes No
2c. If this project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
This project qualifies as low-density development It is below the impervious surface threshold for a Stormwater Management Plan.
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwater Management Plan, then provide a brief, narrative description of the plan:
2e. Who will be responsible for the review of the Stormwater Management Plan?
McKim and Creed developed the site plans
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which localgovernment's jurisdiction is thisproject?
Fayetteville
❑ Phase 11
❑ NSW
3b. Which of the following locally -implemented stormwater management programs
❑ USMP
apply (check all that apply):
❑ Water Supply Watershed
Q Other: Na
3c. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ Yes ❑ No
attached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Program Review
❑Coastal counties
❑HQW
4a. Which of the following state -implemented stormwater management programs apply
❑ORW
(check all that apply):
❑Session Law 2006-246
Z Other: n/a
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
❑ YesX❑ No
attached?
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements?
❑ Yes ❑ No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submittal requirements been met?
❑ Yes ❑ No
Page 8 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
la. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federaUstate/local) funds or the
❑ Yes ❑x No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to the requirements of the National or State
❑Yes ❑ No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to the above, has the document review been finalized by the
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
❑ Yes ❑ No
letter.)
Comments:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is the site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards,
❑Yes ❑X No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after -the -fact permit application?
El Yes ❑X No
2c. If you answered "yes" to one or both of the above questions, provide an explanation of the violation(s):
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in
El Yes ❑X No
additional development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to the above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no,' provide a short narrative description.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non -discharge or discharge)
of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
n/a
Page 9 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.4 January 2009

5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or
habitat?
❑ Yes ❑X No
5b. Have you checked with the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act
impacts?
P9 Yes ❑ No
5c. If yes, indicate the USFWS Field Office you have contacted.
Raleigh
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
Biological Assessment completed on September 27, 2017. see attachment
6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essential fish habitat?
❑ Yes ❑X No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that the state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation
status (e.g., National Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
❑ Yes X❑ No
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
SHPO concurrence letter received on September 11, 2017; and a review of historic resources was completed on September 27, 2017. see attchd.
8. Flood Zone Designation (Corps Requirement)
8a. Will this project occur in a FEMA -designated 100 -year floodplain?
❑ Yes ❑ No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
8c. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination?
FEMA Panel #3720242800J
C. Paul Pascarosa
Applicant/Agent's Printed Name
11/07/2017
Date
Applicant/Agent's Signature
(Agents signature is valid only if an authorization
letter from the applicant isprovided.)
Page 10 of 10

PCN Application Attachments
Hair Solar Site
HEnv Project #2017126
INTRODUCTION
The approximate 17 -acre site is located on the north side of Highway 24, approximately 1,500
feet west of its intersection with Interstate 95 in Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North
Carolina. Downing Road is located along the northern boundary. According to the Cumberland
County GIS, the site includes all of Parcel Identification Number (PIN) 0457-61-5799, and is
owned by Martha L. Hair and Kathy N. Hair.
The proposed use of the site is for a utility scale solar farm. The proposed solar array will be
limited to within the agricultural field. A proposed access road extends towards the site from
Highway 24.
ATTACHMENTS
Section F.5: Review of endangered species and designated critical habitat
HEnv conducted a site reconnaissance on July 11, 2017. The entire site is in an agricultural
setting. A perennial stream is located along the northern boundary. The stream flows west to
Locks Creek. The site is flat and situated between 90 and 100 feet above mean sea level.
Soils observed at the site consist of a very poorly drained loam.
The site is bounded on the north by Downing Road. The surrounding properties to the north,
east, and west are comprised of agricultural land. Highway 24 is located south of the site.
In general, the site can be divided into two separate habitat areas:
Agricultural Field
The site is a regularly maintained agricultural field. Soy beans were planted throughout
the site at the time of our field reconnaissance. No other noteworthy species were
identified. An agricultural field provides little ecological value for native flora and fauna.
Narrow Riparian Corridor
A perennial stream flows west along the northern boundary of the site. The narrow
riparian corridor is comprised of assorted trees and scrub/shrub vegetation extending
approximately 15 feet horizontally along the stream bank. Species observed include red
maple (Acer rubrum), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), water oak (Quercus nigra), wax myrtle
(Morella cerifera), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Chinese privet (Ligustrum
sinense), greenbriar (Smilax rontundifolia), and muscadine grape (Vitus rontundifolia).
The perennial stream has a steady flow and is tannin rich. The stream receives sediment
from the adjacent agricultural fields. Habitat for assorted macrobenthic organisms,
minnows, and amphibians is present.

PCN Application Attachments
Hair Solar Site
HEnv Project #20171213
FEDERALLY LISTED SPECIES
There are seven species listed by the USFWS in Cumberland County, North Carolina:
COMMON NAME
SCIENTIFIC NAME
TAXONOMIC
GROUP
FEDERAL
STATUS
Red -cockaded woodpecker
Picoides borealis
Bird
E
Pondberry
Lindero melissifolio
Flowering plant
E
Rough -leaved loosestrife
Lysimachia osperulaefolia
Flowering plant
E
Michaux's sumac
Rhus michauxii
Flowering plant
E
American chaffseed
Schwa/bea americana
Flowering plant
E
Saint Francis' satyr butterfly
Neonympha mitchellii
froncisci
Insects
E
American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis
Reptile
T
E: Endangered T:Threatened
HABITAT REVIEW
Large mature pine woodlands with an open savannah understory are not present at the site.
Therefore, suitable habitat for the RCW is not present.
Habitats associated with pocosins and Carolina Bays are not present at the site, therefore,
suitable habitat for the Rough -leaved loosestrife is no present. A seasonally inundated swamp
is not present at the site, therefore, habitat for the pondberry does not exist.
Neither well drained, nor poorly drained, open pine flatwood habitat is present, therefore,
suitable habitat for the American chafseed and Michauxii sumac are not located at the site.
Habitat of expansive wet meadows with diverse grasses and sedges is not present, therefore,
suitable habitat for the Saint Francis Satyr is not located at the site.
Sufficient open water habitat and feeding grounds required for the American alligator are not
present at the site. Based on our assessment of the on-site conditions, HEnv did not identify
areas of potential habitat for the federally listed threatened and endangered species.
On August 24, 2017, HEnv received a letter from the USFWS. According to the USFWS, there
are no listed species or critical habitat within the site boundary. Based on the USFWS
correspondence and our site reconnaissance, we determined that the proposed action will have
no effect on federally listed species or habitat. Therefore, this assessment satisfies the criteria
of the USFWS for species and habitat assessments.
Section F.7: Review of historic or prehistoric cultural resources
The site and surrounding properties have historically been used for agricultural purposes.
Highway 24 was constructed north of the site in the late 1970s/early 1980s. The site remains in
a rural area of Cumberland County.
According to a review of the online SHPO GIS (http://gis.ncdcr.gov/hpoweb/), There are no
mapped historic resources within one-half mile of the site.
2

PCN Application Attachments
Hair Solar Site
HEnv Project #20171213
On September 11, 2017, HEnv received a letter from Ms. Renee Gledhill -Early with the SHPO.
Ms. Gledhill -Early indicated there are no historic resources which would be affected by the
project. Additional historical assessment is not needed at this time.
3

North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Ramona M. Bartos, Administrator
Governor Roy Cooper
Secretary Susi 11. 1 lamilton
September 11, 2017
Office of Archives and I listory
Deputy Secretary Kevin Cherry
C. Paul Pascarosa [e-mail]
Headwater Environmental, Inc.
1844 Sir Tyler Drive
Wilmington, NC 28405
Re: Solar Farm, north of HWY 25 and west of I-95, Fayetteville, Cumberland County, ER 17-1486
Dear Mr. Pascarosa:
Thank you for your letter of August 3, 2017, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the project and are aware of no historic resources which would be
affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the project as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36
CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
please contact Renee Gledhill -Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919-807-6579 or
[e-mail]. In all future communication concerning this project, please cite the
above -referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
•
Location: 109 Hast Jones Strect, Raleigh NC 27601 Mailing Address: 4617 Mail Service (.enter, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 Telephone/Fax: [phone].6599

United States Department of the interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh E5 Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
August 24, 2017
Paul Pascarosa
Headwater Environmental Inc.
1844 Sir Tyler Drive
Wilmington, NC 28405
Re: Hair Solar Farm — Cumberland County, NC
Dear Mr. Pascarosa:
This letter is in response to your request for information on your proposed solar project, listed
above. Our comments are submitted pursuant to, and in accordance with, provisions of the
Endangered Species Act (the Act).
Based on the information provided and other information available, it appears that the proposed
action is not likely to adversely affect any federally -listed endangered or threatened species, their
formally designated critical habitat, or species currently proposed for listing under the Act at
these sites. We believe that the requirements of section 7(a)(2) of the Act have been satisfied for
your project. Please remember that obligations under section 7 consultation must be
reconsidered if. (1) new information reveals impacts of this identified action that may affect
listed species or critical habitat in a manner not previously considered; (2) this action is
subsequently modified in a manner that was not considered in this review; or, (3) a new species
is listed or critical habitat determined that may be affected by the identified action.
However, the Service is concerned about the potential impacts the proposed action might have
on aquatic species. Aquatic resources are highly susceptible to sedimentation. Therefore, we
recommend that all practicable measures be taken to avoid adverse impacts to aquatic species,
including implementing directional boring methods and stringent sediment and erosion control
measures. An erosion and sedimentation control plan should be submitted to and approved by
the North Carolina Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Section prior to construction.
Erosion and sedimentation controls should be installed and maintained between the construction
site and any nearby down -gradient surface waters. We recommend maintaining natural,
vegetated buffers on all streams and creeks adjacent to the project site.
The Service recommends that solar facilities be sited in areas that are previously disturbed, or
sites that do not impact mature forest, wetlands, or streams. The North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission has developed a Guidance Memorandum (a copy can be found on our
website at (http://www.fws.gov/raleigh) to address and mitigate secondary and cumulative

impacts to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife resources and water quality. We recommend that you
consider this document in the development of your projects and in completing an initiation
package for consultation (if necessary).
In addition, we encourage the use of natural vegetation management practices (such as sheep
grazing) and the planting or seeding of native pollinator plant species where possible on the site,
and other efforts to improve habitat for various species (such as bird houses and bat boxes).
Please note our specific recommendations, below.
Invasive Exotic Species — the Service is concerned with the introduction and spread of invasive
exotic species in association with the proposed project. Without active management, including
the revegetation of disturbed areas with native species, the project area will likely be a source for
the movement of invasive exotic plant species. Exotic species are a major contributor to species
depletion and extinction, second only to habitat loss. Exotics are a factor contributing to the
endangered or threatened status of more than 40 percent of the animals and plants on the Federal
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants.' It is estimated that at least 4,000 exotic
plant species and 2,300 exotic animal species are now established in the United States, costing
more than $130 billion a year to control2. Additionally, the U.S. Government has many
programs and laws in place to combat invasive species (see www.invasivespecies.gov) and thus
cannot spend money to counter these efforts. Specifically, Section 2(a)(3) of Executive Order
13112 Invasive Species (February 3, 1999) directs federal agencies to "not authorize, fund, or
carry out actions that it believes are likely to cause or promote the introduction or spread of
invasive species in the United States or elsewhere." Despite their short-term erosion control
benefits, many exotic species used in soil stabilization seed mixes are persistent once they are
established, thereby preventing the reestablishment of native vegetation. Many of these exotics
plants3 are also aggressive invaders of nearby natural areas, where they are capable of displacing
already established native species. Therefore, we strongly recommend that only native plant
species be used in association with all aspects of this project.
Pollinator Recommendations — Although solar energy production is a fast-growing
Renewable energy source that can lessen overall impacts to natural resources when compared to
conventional energy sources (coal, oil, gas, etc.), we believe solar farms can adversely affect
valuable natural resources if they are not properly planned and constructed. Impacts to natural
resources from the construction, operation, and maintenance of solar farms include: the removal
of forests and riparian buffers; creation of monotypic habitat; introduction of invasive species;
use of herbicides; creation of large, clear open spaces; and barriers created from fencing.
Recent evidence indicates that pollinators, especially native bees and monarch butterflies, are in
serious decline. Habitat losses and diminished native food sources have decreased the
populations and diversity of pollinators throughout the country. For these reasons, we
recommend that solar facilities be sited in areas that are previously disturbed (fallow fields,
closed industrial sites, etc.) or sites that do not impact mature forests, streams, or wetlands. To
offset the overall impacts of solar facilities and/or to increase the habitat and species diversity
within the solar facility area, we further recommend the following measures be implemented into
project design:
2

1. Sow native seed mixes with plant species that are beneficial to pollinators throughout the
site. Taller growing pollinator plant species should be planted around the periphery of the
site and anywhere on the site where mowing can be restricted during the summer months.
Taller plants, left un -mowed during the summer, would provide benefits to pollinators,
habitat to ground nesting/feeding birds, and cover for small mammals. Low
growing/groundcover native species should be planted under the solar panels and
between the rows of solar panels. This would provide benefits to pollinators while also
minimizing the amount of maintenance such as mowing and herbicide treatment. Using a
seed mix that includes milk weed species (milk weed is an important host plant for
monarch butterflies) is especially beneficial. The following website provides a
comprehensive list of native plant species that benefit pollinators:
https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#advancedsearch/subject=pollinator&subset=all&has=a
vita&within=l d&sizeoperator=s_sl&sizeunit=s_smb/14fD366dba7d3bda?projector=l .
Additional information regarding plant species, seed mixes, and pollinator habitat
requirements can be provided upon request.
2. Create openings in fencing to allow passage for small mammals and turtles.
3. If possible, the solar field should be designed with open areas spread throughout the
project site and planted and maintained with taller/pollinator friendly plant species. This
practice would benefit pollinators, create diversity throughout the site, and provide much
needed shelter islands to aid in the movement of small mammals and birds.
4. Mitigate for the loss of forested habitat. Though the loss of forested habitat cannot be
fully mitigated when cleared for solar facilities, we believe measures should be
implemented into the design plans to offset the impacts of the project to the greatest
extent practicable. We recommend the construction and placement of bat and bird boxes
throughout the site along with perch poles that are large enough to be used by raptors.
5. Provide nesting sites for pollinator species. Different pollinators have different needs for
nesting sites. Therefore, we recommend designing the solar facility to maintain a diverse
array of habitats to accommodate varied pollinators from hummingbirds to butterflies to
bees. Hummingbirds typically nest in trees or shrubs while many butterflies lay eggs on
specific host plants. Most bees nest in the ground and in wood or dry plant stems. For
additional information and actions that can be taken to benefit pollinators please visit the
following website:
http:/hvww. fws. gov/pollinators/pol li natorpages/yourhelp.html
The Service has established an on-line project planning and consultation process which assists
developers and consultants in determining whether a federally -listed species or designated
critical habitat may be affected by a proposed project. For future projects, please visit the
Raleigh Field Office's project planning website at https://www.fws.gov/raleigb/pp.html. If you
are only searching for a list of species that may be present in the project's Action Area, then you
may use the Service's Information, Planning, and Consultation System (IPaC) website to
determine if any listed, proposed, or candidate species may be present in the Action Area and
generate a species list. The IPaC website may be viewed at hgps://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/. The
M

IPaC web site contains a complete and frequently updated list of all endangered and threatened
species protected by the provisions of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16
U.S.C. 1531 et seq.)(Act), a list of federal species of concern3 that are known to occur in each
county in North Carolina, and other resources.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact Kathy Matthews of this office at (919)
856-4520 ext. 27.
Sincere ,
Pete Benjamin
Field Supervisor
I Wilcove, D. S., D. Rothstein, J. Dubow, A. Phillips, and E. Losos. 1998. Quantifying threats to imperiled species
in the United States. Bioscience 48:607615.
'' Pimentel, D., L. Lach, R. Zuniga, and D. Morrison. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous
species in the United States. BioScience 50:5365.
3 The term "federal species of concern" refers to those species which the Service believes might be in need of
concentrated conservation actions. Federal species of concern receive no legal protection and their designation does
not necessarily imply that the species will eventually be proposed for listing as a federally endangered or threatened
species. However, we recommend that all practicable measures be taken to avoid or minimize adverse impacts to
federal species of concern.