HomeMy WebLinkAbout20171465 Ver 1_Historic/Prehistoric Information_20171115 (2)Project Tracking No.:
14-11-0002
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
o��� ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES �
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'� o�°. '�' This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not �;`•�..,,,: ;.,,��
��;.� valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the �.�4
Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT INFORMATION
Project No.
WBS No
Structure 840129
17BP.9.R.62
County:
Document.•
Stokes
LIBR Data Sheet (PCE) or
Minimum Criteria Sheet
F.A. No: N/A Funding.• � State ❑ Federal
Federal Permit Required? � Yes ❑ No Permit Type: NWP 3 or NWP 14
Project Description: The NCDOT proposes to replace Bridge No. 129 on SR 1484 (Dan George Road)
over South Double Creek in Stokes Counry. Bridge No. 129 was built in 1977, and is considered to be
structurally deficient andfunctionally obsolete; therefore, it has been selected to be replaced under the
State Funded Bridge Replacement Program-Design-Build Year 4 Express Design-Build. There may be
minor ditch-line impacts, and an off-site detour is to be used during construction. The Area of Potential
Effects (APE) will measure approximately 75 feet to either side of the centerline of the roadway/bridge
and 300 feet from either end of the bridge. Based on these measurements and the size of the existing
bridge, the APE measures approximately 102, 432 square feet or about 2.35 acres, inclusive of the
existing roadway and the existing structure to be replaced.
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed
the subject project and determined:
� There are no National Register listed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES within the project's
area of potential effects.
❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations are required for this project.
❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources.
� Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources
considered eligible for the National Register.
� All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all
compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project.
� There are no National Register Eligible or Listed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
or affected by this project. (Attach any notes or documents as needec�
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT OR AFFECTED "
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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RECOMMENDATION
An archaeological survey and evaluation of the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 129 on SR 1484
(Dan George Road) over South Double Creek in Stokes County was conducted on February 4, 2015, by
Terri Russ and Laura Griesmer of Environmental Services, Inc. (ESI). As a result of the investigation, a
portion of one previously recorded prehistoric archaeological site (31 SK21) was located within the
project's APE. The portion of the site within the APE is recommended not eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP), and no further archaeological investigations are required for this
project. I concur with this recommendation as the proposed bridge replacement project will not impact
significant archaeological resources. If the project expands and impacts subsurface areas beyond the
defined APE, further archaeological consultations will be necessary.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
See attached: � Map(s)
Other:
Signed:
�
��
❑ Previous Survey Info � Photos ❑Correspondence
NCDOT ARCHAEO�.�GIST
February 23, 2015
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form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions:
ESI conducted an intensive archaeological survey for the replacement of Bridge No. 129 over South
Double Creek on SR 1484 (Dan George Road) in Westiield, Stokes County, North Carolina (Figures 1
and 2). As defined by the NCDOT, the survey area (Area of Potential Effects [APE]) for archaeology
measures approximately 300 feet (91.44 m) from either end of Bridge No. 129. The corridor is
approximately 150 feet (45.72 m) wide, extending 75 feet (22.86 m) on each side of SR 1484 from its
present centerline.
Background Summary
A search of the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office online database (HPOWEB GIS
Service) revealed no previously recorded historic architectural resources within the APE that have the
potential to yield intact archaeological deposits. A map review and site file search conducted by NCDOT
on 25 November 2014 revealed that three previously recorded archaeological sites have been identified
within a one-half mile radius of the APE (31 SK21, 31 SK109, and 31 SK167). One of the sites, 31 SK21,
is located within the APE and is discussed below.
Bennie Keel and Joe Smith recorded site 31 SK21 in 1972. Well known to local collectors, the site is
located in a cultivated field roughly bounded by the Dan River to the east, North Double Creek to the
north, and South Double Creek to the south. Local collector Joe Smith noted in the 1972 site record that
31 SK21 was comparable to Upper Saratown (31 SK1) and the William Klutz Site (31 SK6). The 1972
record indicated that the site contained a preserved midden "several inches thick" and that Smith had
excavated a burial found eroding out of a gully along one of the iield roads.
In 1984, Trawick Ward and Stephen Davis of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNGCH)
Research Laboratories of Anthropology (RLA) visited 31 SK21 and determined that the site was largely
confined to the eastern half of the large field. Ward and Davis divided the site into three loci (31 SK21A,
B, and C) and noted exposed concentrations of ceramics, bone, shell, and charcoal in the portion of the
site located north of the field road (31 SK21A and 31 SK21B). Limited auger tests confirmed that this
portion of the site contained intact cultural features, and the loci appeared to represent temporally distinct
occupations.
A 1993 site visit by Mark McCrary reported that a feature was found eroding out of a drainage ditch south
of the Dan River's confluence with Double Creek (presumably North Double Creek, as the site does not
appear to extend south of the Dan River's confluence with South Double Creek). McCrary collected the
materials, later confirmed by Trawick Ward to include marginella shells, turtle carapace fragments, and a
deer tooth fragment.
The site form notes a variety of prehistoric materials reportedly collected from the site including pipes, a
polished stone celt, gorget, ceramic sherds, and numerous Archaic and Woodland projectile points. The
RLA listed more than 40 diagnostic tools from the site in their catalog of projectile points from North
Carolina sites (Davis and Daniel 1990; Daniel and Davis 1996). Among the projectile points noted were
two Morrow Mountain II Stemmed projectile points (Middle Archaic), 23 Late Prehistoric Caraway
projectile points, one Yadkin Large Triangular (Middle Woodland), one Uwharrie Triangular (Late
Prehistoric), Three Savannah River Stemmed (Late Archaic), two Kirk Corner Notched (Early Archaic),
two Gypsy Stemmed (Late Archaic), one Randolph Stemmed (Late Prehistoric), and eight
indeterminate/unnamed projectile points. The RLA collection database also includes more than 2,100
ceramic sherds collected from the site.
Topographic maps, aerial photography, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil survey
maps, and historic maps were examined for information on natural or cultural factors that might have
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT OR AFFECTED "
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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affected site locations or preservation. Historic maps, including the 1938 County Road Survey, the 1940
Soil Map, and the 1943 Rural Delivery Routes maps for Stokes County all appear to show the current
road alignment. No structures or other noteworthy topographic features were noted.
Environmental Setting
The APE consists of a mixture of active agricultural fields and steeply sloping wooded areas. Bridge No.
129 and Dan George Road are oriented generally North-South at the South Double Creek crossing. South
Double Creek flows south into the Dan River just east of the current project area.
Map units (soil series) are named for the major soil or soils within the unit, but may have minor
inclusions of other soils (NRCS 2014). The entirety of the APE is currently mapped as Dan River and
Comus soils, occasionally flooded (DaA; 0�% slopes), a well-drained, nearly level soil series (NRCS
2014). The 1995 NRCS soil survey for Stokes County identiiies the project area as containing Riverview
and Toccoa soils (RtA; 0-4%; occasionally flooded); however, the soil characteristics appear to be the
same. Based on field observations, it appears that the southwestern quadrant of the APE (a steeply
sloping, eroded hillslope) should be classified as the adjacent soil series, Fairview-Siloam complex
(FsD2; 15-25% slopes). This moderately eroded sandy clay loam is encountered on hillslopes on ridges.
Results of Investigation
The current archaeological investigation included pedestrian (visual) inspection and shovel testing within
the APE. Photographs of the project area are shown as Figures 3-8. A systematic visual inspection of
the APE was undertaken to search for surface artifacts, above-ground resources, or other signs of cultural
activity. The southeastern quadrant of the APE consists of a grassy field. Surface visibility in this area
was fair, due to patchy eroded areas of soil. The southwestern quadrant of the APE consists of a steeply
sloping, eroded hillside. Surface visibility in this area was poor due to vegetation. The northwestern
quadrant of the APE consisted of a moderately overgrown narrow field housing agricultural equipment.
Surface visibility was poor in this area. No cultural materials were observed in any of these areas.
The northeastern quadrant of the APE, however, had been recently tilled, affording nearly 100 percent
surface visibility. Given the known location of previously recorded site 31 SK21, the northeastern
quadrant of the APE and areas immediately to the north and east were subjected to a systematic surface
inspection along a 7.5-meter (24.6-foot) interval grid. Surprisingly few surface artifacts were recovered
from within the APE. A general surface inspection of the adj acent field outside of the APE was
undertaken to determine if the lack of surface materials was indicative of site conditions as a whole. A
general walkover of the iields indicated a very high concentration of cultural materials in the eastern half
of the mapped site boundaries. Numerous ceramic sherds and lithic artifacts were noted but not collected
(as this area was well outside of the APE).
Shovel testing was conducted at 7.5-meter (24.6-foot) and 15-meter (49.21-foot) intervals along the
length of the APE in this portion of the project area. Shovel testing was limited to the eastern edge of the
APE in this quadrant, as the western portion of this quadrant was disturbed by the elevated roadbed and
ditching along the edge of the field within the APE. Nine shovel tests were excavated; only one (ST 33)
contained subsurface materials (one piece of rhyolite debitage recovered from the uppermost 35
centimeters of soil). Surface artifacts were recovered from STs 32, 34, and 37. Artifacts recovered
during the investigation consisted of four pieces of rhyolite debitage, two ceramic sherds, and one
projectile point base (Table 1).
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Table 1: Artifacts Recovered from 31SK21.
ST # �c bs) Component Description �m�m� N= Comments
Prehistoric crushed quartz temper, Late Woodland
ST 32 surface Ceramic incised/cord marked surf. treahnent 30 1 (Dan River?)
ST 33 surface Prehistoric �yolite debitage 10 1
Lithic
0-35 Prehistoric �yolite debitage 10 1
Lithic
ST 34* surface Prehistoric �yolite debitage 10 1
Lithic
ST 37* surface Prehistoric �yolite debitage 50 1 Weathered
Lithic
Prehistoric Late Woodland
Lithic Chert PPK fragment 20 1 (Caraway)
Prehistoric Fine Sand and grit temper; 20 1 Late Woodland
Ceramic eroded surface treahnent (Eazly Saratown?)
*STs located outside ofAPE
Soils in the shovel tests consisted of 25 to 40 centimeters of brown sandy loam with pebbles/pea gravel
over 25 to 35 centimeters of compact brown silt loam with few pebbles. A dark yellowish brown
compact silt or silt loam was encountered at depths between 60 and 65 centimeters below surface. STs 30
and 33 were augured to a depth of at least 150 centimeters below surface to determine if deeply buried
deposits or occupational horizons were present; none were encountered.
None of the other excavated shovel tests or surface collection points yielded additional cultural materials.
Although limited shovel testing and surface inspection was conducted immediately outside of the APE, a
visual inspection of the area revealed no significant concentrations of surface materials in the vicinity. It
appears as though the majority of cultural materials associated with site 31SK21 are located in the eastern
half of the field adjacent to the Dan River. The few artifacts recovered from within the APE were
recovered from the recently plowed surface or within the top 35 centimeters of soil. While 31 SK21
represents a significant site and is likely eligible for the National Register, the portion of the site located
within the APE does not appear to contain intact subsurface deposits or have the potential to yield
signifcant information pertaining to our knowledge of local or regional prehistory. The portion of this
site within the APE is recommended not eligible for the National Register, and no further work is
recommended at this location.
The northwestern quadrant of the APE consisted of a moderately overgrown narrow field. Due to slope
and the presence of agricultural equipment, only one shovel test (ST39) was excavated at this location.
This shovel test encountered disturbed reddish yellow loamy clay and gravel.
The southwestern quadrant of the APE consists of a steeply sloping, eroded hillside and a previously
disturbed residential driveway and drainage ditch. No shovel tests were excavated in this portion of the
APE although the landform was visually inspected. A barn with a cinder-block foundation, electricity,
and running water was observed, but there was no indication of a potential slave structure within the
southwestern quadrant as noted in the sketch map for site 31 SK21 on the North Carolina Amateur
Archaeological Site Form on file at the Ofiice of State Archaeology (OSA).
The southeastern quadrant of the APE consists of a grassy field. Two shovel tests were excavated in this
portion of the APE (STs 40 and 41), one on either side of a disturbed earthen driveway used to access the
field. ST 40 encountered brown silty loam to a depth of 70 centimeters below surface. Water was
encountered at this depth and the shovel test was terminated. ST 41, located approximately 30 meters
(98.42 feet) south of ST 40, encountered brown silty loam to a depth of 30 centimeters below surface. At
this point, water was encountered and the shovel test excavation was discontinued. No artifacts or
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form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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cultural materials were recovered from either shovel test. In addition, there was no indication of a
potential slave cemetery within the southeastern quadrant as noted also in the sketch map for site 31 SK21
on the North Carolina Amateur Archaeological Site Form on file at the Office of State Archaeology
(OSA). No plantings, fieldstones, or depressions were observed. There are also no elevated areas in the
southeastern quadrant that would be indicative of such a resource.
Overall, shovel tests measured 30 centimeters in diameter and were excavated to sterile subsoil, natural
obstructions (rock), or the water table. All soils were excavated by natural levels (soil strata) and
screened through a 0.25-inch (.635 cm) hardware mesh. Only one artifact was recovered from any of the
shovel tests, with the remaining six artifacts recovered from the surface.
Based on the results of the background research and field investigations, no significant archaeological
resources are located within the APE for Bridge No. 129 in Stokes County. It is recommended that this
project be allowed to proceed without concern far impacts to signiiicant cultural resources. Should the
boundary of the proposed APE be expanded or moved, additional archaeological investigations may be
necessary, as determined in consultation with the NCDOT and/ar SHPO per the Programmatic
Agreement.
.�iG�yl�u��
Terri Russ
Senior Archaeology Manager
Environmental Services, Inc.
"NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT OR AFFECTED "
form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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REFERENCES CITED
Daniel, I. Randolph, Jr. and R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr.
1996 The Projectile Point Classification Project: A Classification of Projectile Points in Existing
Archaeological Collections from North Carolina (Phase II). Technical Report No. 26.
Research Laboratories of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Davis, R. P. Stephen, Jr. and I. Randolph Daniel, Jr.
1990 Projectile Point Classification Project: The Classification of Projectile Points in Existing
Archaeological Collections from North Carolina. Technical Report No. 19. Research
Laboratories of Anthropology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
2014 Stokes County Soil Survey. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States
Department of Agriculture Web Soil Survey. http://websoilsurvev.nres.usda.gov/ accessed
January 26, 2015.
1995 Soil Survey of Stokes Counry, North Carolina. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
United States Department of Agriculture.
North Carolina State Highway Commission
1938 North Carolina County Road Survey of Stokes County. On iile, North Carolina State
Archives, Raleigh.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
1940 Soil Map, Stokes County, North Carolina. On iile, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh.
http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/sin�leitem/collection/ncmaps/id/1152/rec/6. accessed 29 January
2015.
U.S. Post Office Department
1943 Rural Delivery Routes, Stokes County, North Carolina. On file, North Carolina State
Archives, Raleigh. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitexn/collection/ncmaps/id/1757/rec/8
accessed 29 January 2015.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
1964 Hanging Rock, N. C., 7.5-minute topographic map, photorevised 1971 (1:24,000).
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form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement.
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Figure 1. Project Location (Hanging Rock, NC U5GS 7.5-Minute Topographic Quadrangle).
NO NATION.4L RLGISTER ELIG/BLE OR LISTED A2Cfl 1EOLOG/CAL S/TES PRESENT O2 AFFECTED "
form %or� Mi�ior� Transyortation Projects aa� Qiralified rn the 1007 Pro�rammsaXic Agreement.
8of12
Project Trackrng No.:
14-11-0002
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Figure 2. Map of Bridge No. 129 Showing APE and Shovel Test Locations.
NO NATION.4L RLGISTER ELIG/BLE OR LISTED A2Cfl 1EOLOG/CAL S/TES PRESENT O2 AFFECTED "
form %or� Mi�ior� Transyortation Projects aa� Qiralified rn the 1007 Pro�rammsaXic Agreement.
9of12
Project Trackrng Na:
14-11-0002�
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Figure 3. View of Northeastern Quadrant of APE, facing North.
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Figure 4. View of Northeastern Quadrant of APE from the Dan River, facing West.
NO NATION.4L RLGISTER ELIG/BLE OR LISTED A2CI11EOLOG/CAL S/TES PRESENT O2 AFFECTED "
form %or� Mi�ior� Transyortation Projects aa� Qiralified rn the 1007 Pro�rammsaXic Agreement.
l0of 12
Project Trackrng No.:
14-11-0002
Figure 5. View of Northwestern Quadrant of APE, facing South.
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Figure 6. View of Southeastern Quadrant of APE, facing North.
NO NATION.4L RLGISTER ELIG/BLE OR LISTED A2Cfl 1EOLOG/CAL S/TES PRESENT O2 AFFECTED "
form %or� Mi�ior� Transyortation Projects aa� Qiralified rn the 1007 Pro�rammsaXic Agreement.
llofl2