20051457 Ver 1_More Info Received_20071018

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PURPOSE AND NEED REPORT
FIRST BROAD RIVER RESERVOIR
CLEVELAND COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
OCTOBER 18, 2007

Purpose and Need Report
First Broad River Reservoir
Cleveland County, NC

Prepared for.
Cleveland County Sanitary District
US Army Corps of Engineers
Prepared by.
ARCADIS G&M of North Carolina, Inc.
801 Corporate Center Drive
' Suite 300
Raleigh
North Carolina 27607
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
Prepared in cooperation with:
McGill Associates, Inc.
t Fish and Wildlife Associates
Our Ref.:
t NC606005.0002.00013N
Date:
October 2007
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1. Introduction
1.1 Proposed Action
1.2 Summary of Need for the Proposed Action
1.3 Purpose of the Proposed Action
1.4 Project Objectives
1.5 Project Background
1.5.1 Project Setting
1.5.2 Cleveland County Sanitary District
1.5.3 Project History
2. Water Supply
2.1 Water Resources and Water Quality
2.1.1 Sub-Basin 03-08-04
2.1.2 Sub-Basin 03-08-05
2.2 Water Sources and Availability
2.2.1 John H. Moss Reservoir
2.2.2 First Broad River
2.2.3 Groundwater
2.2.4 Broad River
3. Demand
3.1 Population and Demographic Trends
3.1.1 Population Growth
3.1.2 Housing
3.1.3 Population Projections
3.2 Economic Characteristics
3.2.1 Economic Base
3.2.2 Employment Centers and Major Employers
3.3 land Use and Development
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
3.4 First Broad River: Projected Water Demand 14
4. Safe Yield of the First Broad River 16
4.1 Aquatic Habitat 17
4.2 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 17
5. Drought Conditions 18
6. Summary 19
7. References 20
Tables
1 Water Sources and Providers for Cleveland County
2 Water Demand for the Cleveland County Sanitary District
Figures
1 Vicinity Map
2 Broad River Basin in North Carolina
3 Cleveland County Sanitary District Service Area (Existing)
4 Cleveland County Sanitary District Service Area Expansion
5 Census Tracts
6 Future Land Use
Appendices
A Tables
Table Al. 50 Year Population Growth for Cleveland County
Table A2. Population Growth 1990 - 2000 by State, County, Municipality
Table A3. Population Growth 1990 - 2000 by Census Tract
Table A4. Housing Units 1990 - 2000 by State, County, Municipality
Table A5. Projected Population Growth by State and County through 2030
Table A6. Projected Population Growth by County through 2060
Table A7. Employment and Growth by Industry for Cleveland County
1995 -2005
Table of Contents
Table A8. Cleveland County Top Industries
' Table A9. Annual Discharge of First Broad River near Casar
Table A10. Monthly Mean Discharge of First Broad River near Casar
B Proclamations, Resolutions and Letters of Support
Proclamation of State Disaster
Resolution in Support of Cleveland County Sanitary District Reservoir
Water Shortage Response Resolution
' Letter in Support of Cleveland County Sanitary District Reservoir
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1. Introduction
In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, as
amended, a planning, environmental, and engineering study is under way to increase
the water supply for the Cleveland County Sanitary District. An Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) will be prepared to describe and evaluate potential impacts to the
natural, cultural and human environments associated with the proposed action. This
Purpose and Need Statement will comprise the first chapter of the EIS.
The content of this document conforms to the requirements of Council on
Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations, which provide direction regarding
implementation of the procedural provisions of NEPA. It is anticipated that any build
alternative selected will require U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) permits;
therefore, the USACE is the lead agency for the EIS. The EIS will be prepared by a
third party in conformance with 33 CFR Part 325.
1.1 Proposed Action
The proposed action is to construct a water supply reservoir in the First Broad River
basin near Lawndale in Cleveland County, North Carolina.
1.2 Summary of Need for the Proposed Action
¦ It is projected that the Cleveland County Sanitary District will need 8.88 million
gallons of raw water per day (mgd) by 2060 to meet demands. The First Broad River,
which is the water source for the Cleveland County Sanitary District, is insufficient to
meet projected demands, based on the following conditions:
• Fluctuations in the normal stream flow of the First Broad River vary widely and
affect water availability at the Cleveland County Sanitary District intake on a daily
basis. The estimated available safe yield of the First Broad River at the intake
' during non-drought conditions is 10 mgd; however, the safe yield during
conditions approaching drought is lower.
• In the absence of an impoundment, the safe yield is a function of the lowest
recorded day flow. A review of 30-year monthly mean discharge data for the First
' Broad River shows that there was insufficient flow in the river to reach a safe yield
of 8.88 mgd for 56 of 360 months.
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• Cleveland County suffered a severe drought that peaked in 2002 and is susceptible
to future droughts. A long-term solution is needed to ensure adequate drinking
water during drought conditions.
1.3 Purpose of the Proposed Action
The purpose of the proposed action is to ensure a dependable water supply for the
Cleveland County Sanitary District that meets projected long-term (2060) needs.
A "dependable" water supply will provide the district's needs and maintain required in-
stream flows (assuming water conservation measures are implemented in accordance
with an approved drought management plan).
1.4 Project Objectives
Key project objectives, applicable to the Cleveland County Sanitary District service
area, include the following:
• develop an effective and efficient water supply system,
• provide adequate water infrastructure that supports population growth and
economic development;
• maintain sufficient instream flow to support aquatic habitat and other uses;
• sustain required instream flow levels for downstream users; and
• respond to the needs of existing and future water customers.
1.5 Project Background
1.5.1 Project Setting
Cleveland County is located in the southwestern Piedmont of North Carolina in the
foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Cleveland County is bordered by Gaston and
Lincoln counties on the east, Burke County on the north, Rutherford County on the
' west, and South Carolina to the south. The primary transportation route is US 74,
which traverses the county in an east-west direction, connecting Interstates 85 and 26.
Interstate 85 traverses the southeastern corner of Cleveland County.
' Shelby, the largest municipality in the county, is the county seat. Other municipalities
include Kings Mountain, Boiling Springs, Belwood, Casar, Earl, Fallston, Grover,
' Kingstown, Lattimore, Lawndale, Mooresboro, Patterson Springs, Polkville, and
Waco. (See Figure 1.) The largest cities or towns, Shelby, Kings Mountain, and
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Boiling Springs, are concentrated on or near the US 74 corridor. Despite the number of
incorporated towns, Cleveland County remains relatively rural overall. In 2000, most
of these municipalities had a population below 1,000 according to U.S. Census data.
(See Population and Demographic Trends, Section 3. 1.)
1.5.2 Cleveland County Sanitary District
The Cleveland County Sanitary District was established as the Upper Cleveland
County Sanitary District in the early 1980s. In 1984, the Upper Cleveland County
Sanitary District started supplying water to 1,200 customers. By the late 1980s, the
Piedmont Metropolitan Water District had formed in southern Cleveland County to
address dry wells and poor water quality in the southern portion of the county. The
two districts merged in 1989 to form the Cleveland County Sanitary District. By 1990,
the sanitary district was serving 16,800 customers with 5,600 meters.
Today the Cleveland County Sanitary District provides water to 55,753 customers with
18,009 meters and covers approximately 80 percent of the county. The Cleveland
County Sanitary District is one of the fastest growing water providers in North
Carolina. The Cleveland County Sanitary District has averaged 350 new taps per year
in recent years and this trend is expected to continue over the next three to five years.
1.5.3 Project History
The possibility of an impoundment on the First Broad River has been explored for a
number of years. The USACE studied a potential reservoir on the First Broad River in
1990. It was determined that a reservoir was not feasible for flood control purposes;
however, a reservoir might be feasible for water supply purposes (USACE 1990).
In 1989, the North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) prepared the
Cleveland County Water Supply Study, at the request of the Cleveland County Board of
Commissioners. The study was prepared, in part, to project future water needs and
determine if future water needs (2030) will exceed existing supplies. The study
determined that existing systems were adequate to meet 2020 needs, with the exception
of the Town of Boiling Springs' well system. The town is now connected to the City
of Shelby's system. The study suggested that raw water supply availability may be
increased through capital improvements, such as reservoirs and off stream storage.
The 1995 Cleveland County Land Use Plan, adopted by the Cleveland County Board
of Commissioners in November 1995, included the following recommendation:
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"Support the development of a 50 million gallon raw water reservoir for the Cleveland
County Sanitary District." The adopted 2005 Cleveland County Land Use Plan notes
that a reservoir site has been chosen and the project is in the environmental permitting
stage. The 2005 plan's Land Use Plan Map shows a reservoir site.
A feasibility study for the First Broad River Reservoir was completed by McGill
Associates in 1997. The study concluded that a reservoir would be needed by 2029
and recommended an impoundment on the First Broad River (McGill 1997).
The water shortages experienced during the 2002 drought demonstrated the need for a
more dependable water supply. Since that time, the Cleveland County Sanitary District
has continued to work towards this goal. Additional information about drought
conditions is provided in Section 5.
2. Water Supply
2.1 Water Resources and Water Quality
Most of Cleveland County is located in the Broad River Basin, while a small area of
eastern Cleveland County is in the Catawba River Basin. (See Figure 2.) In North
Carolina, the Broad River Basin encompasses a 1,513 square mile watershed with
headwaters in the mountains. The First Broad, Second Broad, and Green rivers are the
major tributaries of the Broad River. The First Broad River originates in Rutherford
County and flows into the Broad River in Cleveland County, just north of the South
Carolina border. The Broad River flows southeast into South Carolina, eventually
flowing into the Atlantic Ocean as the Cooper River at Charleston, South Carolina.
2.1.1 Sub-Basin 03-08-04
The First Broad River Sub-basin (03-08-04) includes approximately 240 square miles
and encompasses the project area and approximately two-thirds of Cleveland County.
Land within this sub-basin is the transitional zone between the mountain and piedmont
eco-regions. According to the 2006 Basinwide Assessment Report for the Broad
River, land cover in this sub-basin is primarily forested (63 percent forest/wetland) and
pasture (31.2 percent pasture/managed herbaceous). Urbanized areas account for 2.7
percent of the land area in the sub-basin, while cultivated cropland includes 2.0 percent
of the land area in the sub-basin.
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The North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) reports that water quality in
this sub-basin is good overall. Benthic macroinvertbrate data from three sites on the
First Broad River resulted in "Good" bioclassifications. None of the surface waters in
this sub-basin are considered to be impaired.
2.1.2 Sub-Basin 03-08-05
The First Broad River Sub-basin (03-08-05) includes approximately 181 square miles
and encompasses most of eastern Cleveland County. This area is considered to be in
the piedmont eco-region, although some streams in the northern portion of the
watershed exhibit some mountain characteristics. Land use is dominated by forest and
agricultural activities (48.5 percent forest/wetland and 40.5 percent pasture/managed
herbaceous). While urban uses account for only 5.1 percent of total land cover, residential
development is increasing. Kings Mountain is the largest urban area in the sub-basin.
The NCDWQ reports that water quality in this sub-basin is good overall. None of the
surface waters in this sub-basin are considered to be impaired, although some water
quality issues have been documented.
2.2 Water Sources and Availability
The existing sources of potable water in Cleveland County are Moss Lake, the First
Broad River, and groundwater. The Broad River is a source of limited drinking water
during emergencies. Water sources and providers for Cleveland County are shown in
Table 1.

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I Table 1. Water Sources and Providers for Cleveland County
Municipality/Area Water Supply
Provider Source
Shelby
City of Shelby
First Broad River
First Broad River
Moss Lake
Moss Lake
First Broad River
Boiling Springs City of Shelby
Kings Mountain City of Kings Mountain
Grover City of Kings Mountain
,r Belwood Cleveland County Sanitary District
Casar Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Earl Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Fallston Town of Fallston (wells) Groundwater
Kingstown Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Lattimore Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Lawndale Town of Lawndale (wells) Groundwater
Mooresboro Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Patterson Springs Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Polkville Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Waco Cleveland County Sanitary District First Broad River
Rural Cleveland County Cleveland County Sanitary District and wells First Broad River and Groundwater
2.2.1 John H. Moss Reservoir
The John H. Moss Reservoir (Moss Lake), an impoundment on Buffalo Creek, is the
raw water supply for the City of Kings Mountain and the Town of Grover. Moss Lake
has a total drainage area of approximately 68 square miles in eastern Cleveland
County. The City of Kings Mountain operates an 8.0 million gallon per day (mgd)
water treatment plant adjacent to the lake. The city provides water only within its
corporate limits and to its municipal customer, the Town of Grover. However, the city
permitted the construction of an emergency connection with the City of Shelby water
system during the 2002 drought to provide water only for emergency purposes (see
Section 5). According to the city, the water provided by Moss Lake is sufficient to
meet demands of its service area through 2050 and beyond.
2.2.2 First Broad River
The First Broad River is the water source for the City of Shelby, the Town of Boiling
Springs, and the Cleveland County Sanitary District. Approximately 90 percent of
Cleveland County's population relies on the First Broad River for potable water for
residential use.

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1 2.2.2.1 City of Shelby
The City of Shelby has a raw water intake on the First Broad River which supplies
water to the city's water treatment plant. Treatment facilities include three off-stream
raw water reservoirs. The intake location has a drainage area of approximately 226
square miles. Shelby's water treatment plant has a capacity of 12.0 mgd and current
average daily water treated is 4.2 mgd. Demand has decreased in recent years as
several manufacturing plants in the city have closed. Current (2005) peak demand is
approximately 6 mgd compared to 8 to 9 mgd in past years (City of Shelby Strategic
Growth Plan 2005). The City of Shelby provides water on a wholesale basis to the
Town of Boiling Springs. The contract amount in 2002 was 1.0 mgd (Shelby Water
Supply Plan 2002).
The City of Shelby Water and Wastewater Planning Report sets a future water service
area boundary that extends beyond the current city limits. Shelby's water system is
encircled by the Cleveland County Sanitary District, which limits the ability of the city
to expand its water system. Expansion of Shelby's water service area and annexation
in areas already served by the Cleveland County Sanitary District could affect the
district's customer base to some degree.
According to the city's Strategic Growth Plan, "when the city annexes new areas, it can
not take these annexed homes and businesses into its water system customer base."
However, according to Brad Cornwell, Shelby Public Utilities Director, "the city can
require connection to the public water system if the building or structure is within 300
feet of such public water main and the property abuts a street where a public water
main is available" (Cornwell 2007). There is no city policy to specifically address
annexation of areas served by the Cleveland County Sanitary District. In the past, the
city has chosen not to provide water in most cases where the annexed area is already
served by the Cleveland County Sanitary District, but reserves the right in the future to
construct water facilities if it is feasible (Cornwell 2007). At a minimum, the city is
required to provide increased flows for fire protection to these annexed areas.
Based on the City of Shelby's 2002 Water SuPP1Y Plan, average daily water demands
for the city's service area are projected to be 8.7 mgd by 2050, including contract sales
of 1.0 mgd. Assuming an average day to peak day multiplier of 1.25, approximately
10.88 would be needed in 2050.
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2.2.2.2 Cleveland County Sanitary District
The Cleveland County Sanitary District also uses the First Broad River as the source
for a 6.0 mgd water plant. The Cleveland County Sanitary District provides water to
most rural areas of the county; within the towns of Belwood, Casar, Earl, Kingstown,
Lattimore, Mooresboro, Patterson Springs, Polkville, and Waco; and on a contract
basis to the town of Fallston. The Cleveland County Sanitary District also has lines
extending into Gaston, Lincoln, and Rutherford counties, and into South Carolina. The
Cleveland County Sanitary District also has connections extending to Boiling Springs,
Fallston, and Lawndale for emergency use. The Cleveland County Sanitary District's
service area is shown in Figure 3.
The Cleveland County Sanitary District operates a raw water intake and pump station
at the confluence of the First Broad River and Knob Creek. The estimated safe yield of
the First Broad River at the intake is 10.0 mgd and the current average daily
withdrawal is 3.70 mgd. The First Broad River is also needed for wastewater treatment
discharges for the City of Shelby and for agricultural irrigation purposes. A minimum
instream flow is also required to sustain the aquatic community in the river. Safe yield
is discussed further in Section 4.
2.2.3 Groundwater
In Cleveland County, the primary problem associated with dependence on groundwater
as a source for potable water is a natural shortage in water, with either very low water
levels in wells or wells running dry. It is sometimes necessary to drill several wells
before finding water (North Carolina Division of Water Resources 1989). Property
owners have to assume the risk and cost of drilling dry wells in their search for a
suitable yielding well. It is more cost effective to connect to a water system if
available.
Water quality is also a problem. For example, residents of the Town of Mooresboro
relied on wells as their source for potable water prior to 2005. Many residents had to
bleach their well water to sanitize it and in 2003 E. coli bacteria was discovered in six
of eleven wells tested (Scott 2004). Also, some wells ran dry during the 2002 drought.
The town was connected to the Cleveland County Sanitary District system in 2005.
In some areas of the county, both recharge and discharge areas display high
concentrations of iron and manganese in the groundwater. Water treatment for these
metals is necessary (North Carolina Division of Water Resources 1989). Where iron or
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manganese is not a problem, the groundwater may require chlorination. In addition,
lithium has been detected in groundwater in the Cherryville and Bessemer City vicinity
of Gaston County. (The Cleveland County Sanitary District already has more than 100
customers in Gaston County.) Costs associated with water treatment, whether for a
municipal system or individual well, are ultimately borne by the end user. Additional
treatment can potentially be a significant expense (Setzer 2007).
2.2.3.1 Municipal Systems
The towns of Lawndale and Fallston rely on groundwater for their primary water
supply. Lawndale draws its water supply from two wells with a combined average
daily withdrawal of 0.058 mgd for 287 connections (Lawndale Water Supply Plan
2002). In the Town of Fallston, three wells provide an average daily withdrawal of
0.046 mgd. Fallston supplements this supply with water purchases from the Cleveland
County Sanitary District. In 2002, the average daily amount provided to Fallston was
0.001 mgd, with a contract amount of 0.002 mgd, according to the draft 2002 Fallston
water supply plan.
2.2.3.2 Private Wells
In addition, groundwater is the water source for numerous residences throughout rural
Cleveland County. However, very little data is available regarding private wells in the
county. Cleveland County does not require permits for private wells and the county
Health Department inspects wells only upon request. Until recently there was no state
legislation in place to require permitting or inspection of private wells. House Bill
2873, approved in July 2006, requires all North Carolina counties to implement a
private drinking water well permitting, inspection, and testing program. Such a
program will be implemented in Cleveland County.
It is estimated that approximately 8,200 housing units in Cleveland County rely on
groundwater for potable water. In 1992, the county began requiring new residences to
tie on to the Cleveland County Sanitary District water lines if they were available
(McCarter 2006).
2.2.4 Broad River
In Cleveland County, the Broad River is not currently used as a water source for every
day use. The City of Shelby has an emergency raw water line from the Broad River to
its water treatment plant. The Cleveland County Sanitary District is also equipped to
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obtain small quantities of water from the Broad River in emergencies, as described in
Section 5.
In Rutherford County, the Broad River is the primary water source for the Broad River
Water Authority. Several municipalities, including Forest City and some in South
Carolina, plan to use the Broad River as a water source.
3. Demand
Increases in future water supply needs for the Cleveland County Sanitary District will
be affected by new customers in the existing service area and service area expansion
into adjacent counties. Within the existing service area (Figure 3), new metered
connections are expected due primarily to well conversions and population growth. As
discussed in Section 2.2.3, groundwater is not expected to be a reliable source of
potable water in Cleveland County. Groundwater quality and drought conditions
(wells drying up) will likely result in increased demand for water from the sanitary
district. Population trends and economic conditions that may affect population growth
in the county and the type of users (e.g., commercial and industrial users) are discussed
in the following sections.
The Cleveland County Sanitary District's service area and future demand will also be
influenced, but to a lesser degree, by annexation and government policies. For
example, as discussed in Section 2.2.1, it is the policy of the City of Kings Mountain
not to provide water outside its corporate limits (other than to the Town of Grover.) In
addition, recent state legislation requiring county well inspection programs could result
in more requests to connect to the Cleveland County Sanitary District's system.
As previously noted, the Cleveland County Sanitary District provides water to some
customers in adjacent counties. The sanitary district plans to continue to expand its
service area into these counties as requested. Demand in these areas will also be
largely based on population growth and problems with groundwater. The Cleveland
County Sanitary District's future service area expansion in adjacent counties is shown
in Figure 4. (Note: A portion of the future service area in Gaston County is located in
the Catawba River Basin. It is projected that demand in this portion of the service area
will be approximately 0.56 mgd in 2060. Interbasin transfer certification is not be
required for transfers under 2 mgd.)
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1 3.1 Population and Demographic Trends
is 3.1.1 Population Growth
Cleveland County experienced moderate population growth of approximately 14
percent from 1990 to 2000. Historical population data indicates similar growth rates in
the 1960s and 1970s, but a substantially lower growth rate in the 1980s of less than two
percent. (See Appendix A, Table Al). While U.S. Census data indicates substantial
growth in municipal population from 1990 to 2000, some of that growth is due to
expansion of corporate limits. Shelby, in particular, can attribute most of its population
gain during that period to an aggressive annexation program. An examination of
population growth by census tract indicates that the highest population growth occurred
in the southern and eastern areas of the county, with population declines in the central
areas of Shelby and Kings Mountain. A break-down of 1990 to 2000 population
growth by municipality and census tract is provided in Appendix A, Table A2 and
Table A3, respectively. Census tracts are shown on Figure 5.
From 1990 to 2000, approximately 4,232 county residents were added to the Cleveland
County Sanitary District service area. Population growth in the service area was
estimated by excluding population in Shelby, Boiling Springs, Kings Mountain, and
Grover from the overall county population. (Note: Fallston and Lawndale were
included in the service area because these municipalities use groundwater and are
potential Cleveland County Sanitary District customers.)
3.1.2 Housing
The increase in housing units is another indicator of water demand. The number of
housing units in Cleveland County increased by 6,085 units from 1990 to 2000, an
increase of nearly 18 percent. The number of housing units added in the Cleveland
County Sanitary District service area is estimated to be 2,780 units. Like population
growth, the increase in the number of housing units in Shelby is largely due to
annexation. The greater increase in the percentage of housing units as compared to
population increase, indicates a trend in the reduction of household size.
3.1.3 Population Projections
Population growth in Cleveland County will continue to be influenced by proximity to
major metropolitan areas, the Charlotte-Gastonia area in particular, and proximity to
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major transportation routes. Within Cleveland County, population growth is expected
to a greater extent in the southern and southeastern portions of the county.
The North Carolina State Demographics Unit projects that Cleveland County will grow
by approximately 10 percent from 2010 to 2030, reaching a population of 109,860 by
2030. In comparison, the state of North Carolina is expected to grow by approximately
29 percent during the same 20 year period, as shown in Appendix A, Table A5.
In addition to growth in Cleveland County, growth in the adjacent counties of
Rutherford, Lincoln and Gaston will also play a role in future demand in the Cleveland
County Sanitary District water supply. McGill Associates projected the populations of
these counties through 2060, based on North Carolina State Demographics unit
population projections through 2030. (See Appendix A, Table A6.)
3.2 Economic Characteristics
3.2.1 Economic Base
Cleveland County is ranked one of the top ten best small markets by Southern Business
and Development magazine (Charlotte Regional Partnership 2006). The county boasts
easy access from four major interstate highways (I-85, I-77, I-26, and I-40) and the
Charlotte Douglas International Airport, making geography one of its prime assets.
Although Cleveland County's economy was once dependent upon textile
manufacturing, the county's economy is diverse, with no dependence on any one
industry. From 1995 to 2005, manufacturing jobs in the county decreased by 7,609
jobs; however, manufacturing still dominates in terms of number of jobs. Employment
by industry is shown in Appendix A, Table AT
3.2.2 Employment Centers and Major Employers
According to the North Carolina Department of Commerce, the top non-manufacturing
employers in Cleveland County are Cleveland County Schools, Cleveland Regional
Medical Center, Cleveland County government, and Gardner-Webb University. Top
manufacturers include PPG Industries Fiberglass Products, Eaton Corporation, and
Entertainment Distribution Company. Cleveland County's top employers are listed in
Table A8 of Appendix A.
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As indicated on Table A8, the county's employment centers are primarily in and
around the cities of Shelby and Kings Mountain. In addition, major retail centers are
the Cleveland Mall in Shelby; and the uptown Shelby, Kings Mountain, and Boiling
Springs areas.
There are several major industrial parks in Cleveland County. The Cleveland County
Industrial Park is located in Kings Mountain. The 250-acre park is home to Sara Lee
Intimate Apparel, which recently expanded; MRA Industries; and Owens & Minor.
Cleveland County recently assembled a 210-acre industrial park to help with industrial
recruitment efforts in the county. The site has rail access and is located near the
proposed US 74 Bypass, just west of Shelby. The park is currently marketed through
several economic development agencies, including the North Carolina Department of
Commerce. Twelve buildings and 34 sites in Cleveland County are currently marketed
by the North Carolina Department of Commerce. Approximately 18 of these sites and
buildings would likely rely on the First Broad River for water supply.
Industrial recruitment efforts are enhanced by several tax credit and incentive programs
that are available to industries that locate or expand in Cleveland County. For
example, firms such as manufacturing and processing operations, warehousing and
distribution plants, and data processing firms that pay at least 110 percent of the
average county wage are eligible for tax incentives under the William S. Lee Quality
Jobs and Business Expansion Program.
3.3 Land Use and Development
Development trends, projected future land use patterns, and local land use policies and
regulations were examined to determine the potential effect on future water demand
and the distribution of that demand.
Historically, development patterns in Cleveland County have largely been influenced
by transportation corridors. The arrival of the railroad spurred growth in the 1870s and
established Shelby as a cotton market and textile manufacturing center. Shelby and
Kings Mountain, the largest cities in the county, are located along US 74, an east-west
route that traverses North Carolina. Growth in the county continues to be influenced
by proximity to I-85, which traverses the southeastern corner of the county, and by
proximity to the Charlotte-Gastonia area. Gardner-Webb University, located in
Boiling Springs, also played a role in the growth and development of the southern area
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of Cleveland County. According to the Cleveland County Planning Director, growth in
this southern portion of the county is expected to continue.
Cleveland County residents have favored rural or suburban areas to municipalities.
The distribution of municipal and rural/suburban population in the county for the
period 1950 to 2000 shows that at least 57 percent of the population lived in rural and
suburban areas during that time. In 2000, 56,744 of the county's 96,287 residents, or
nearly 67 percent, lived in rural and suburban areas. Another important trend is the
loss of population from the central-city areas in Shelby and Kings Mountain.
The Cleveland County Future Land Use Map, adopted as part of the Cleveland County
2005 Land Use Plan, identifies generalized land use patterns through 2015. (See
Figure 6.) The land use plan map indicates that growth in the county is expected in the
central and southern areas with rural residential uses primarily to the north and west.
(Rural residential includes residential uses with a one-acre minimum lot size and
limited commercial uses.) In addition, most of this northern area is in a protected water
supply watershed. The predominant land use designation in the central portion of the
county (outside municipalities) is residential. Much of this area, which is not in the
protected water supply watershed area, is zoned for a one-half acre minimum lot size.
Also in this central area, several large employment centers outside municipalities are
indicated by light industrial, heavy industrial and commercial designations. These
areas are located in proximity to major transportation corridors on the periphery of
municipalities.
3.4 First Broad River: Projected Water Demand
McGill Associates projected future annual average water demand for the Cleveland
County Sanitary District. A flow demand of 78 gallons per person per day was
assumed. It is assumed that commercial, industrial, and institutional demand will
increase at a rate of 25 percent per decade. It is also assumed that unaccounted for
water will be 6.5 percent of total usage. Future demand through 2060 for the
Cleveland County Sanitary District, including customers in adjacent counties, is shown
in Table 2.
Average daily demands for the Cleveland County Sanitary District are projected to be
8.88 mgd by 2060, while peak daily demands are expected to be 11.10 mgd in 2060,
based on the number of existing wells, the projected population growth for Cleveland
County, and the district's expansion plans. Demand projections reflect the sanitary
14
Purpose and Need
Report
First Broad River Reservoir
district's plans to increase water service into the fringe areas of adjacent counties, as
requested. (See Figure 4.)
Table 2. Water Demand for the Cleveland County Sanitary District
2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Cleveland County - Population 98,288 99,363 104,739 109,860 115,023 120,429 126,089
Number Metered Connections 17,669 18,719 19,191 20,129 21,075 22,066 23,103
Percent Population Served 53% 54% 57% 59% 61% 63% 65%
Population Served 52,093 53,656 59,701 64,817 70,164 75,870 81,958
Rutherford County - Population 63,308 64,742 67,433 69,724 74,953 80,574 86,617
Number Metered Connections 127 300 450 700 1,000 1,250 1,500
Population Served - 368 870 1,305 2,030 2,900 3,625 4,350
Lincoln County - Population 69,532 75,837 88,275 100,598 114,179 129,593 147,088
Number Metered Connections 25 60 325 700 900 1,200 1,500
Population Served 73 174 943 2,030 2,610 3,480 4,350
Gaston County - Population 193,890 199,534 208,062 214,920 222,227 229,783 237,596
Number Metered Connections 35 75 650 1,400 1,800 2,200 2,500
Population Served 102 218 1,885 4,060 5,220 6,380 7,250
Total Population Served 52,635 54,918 63,834 72,937 80,894 89,355 97,908
Residential Flow (mgd) 4.11 4.28 4.98 5.69 6.31 6.97 7.64
Commercial Flow (mgd) 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.24 0.32 0.43
Industrial Flow (mgd) 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.16
Institutional Flow (mgd) 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11
Un-Accounted Flow (mgd) 0.15 0.29 0.34 0.39 0.44 0.49 0.54
Average Daily Flow @ Plant (mgd) 4.46 4.80 5.59 6.41 7.17 8.00 8.88
Peak Flow (mgd) 5.57 6.00 6.99 8.01 8.96 10.00 11.10
Source: McGill Associates, 2006
Water Demand Assumptions
Commercial will grow at a rate of 25% per decade
Industrial will grow at a rate of 25% per decade
Institutional will grow at a rate of 25% per decade
Unaccounted for water will be 6.5% of total usage
2.9 persons per connection
78 gpd/person flow demand
The 4.46 MGD flow equals the current average daily demand for highest month
Max day to average day ration equals 1.25
15
Purpose and Need
Report
First Broad River Reservoir
1 4. Safe Yield of the First Broad River
Safe yield is the maximum rate at which water can be withdrawn continuously without
exhausting the supply (North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and
Community Development 1989). To determine the safe yield for water supply
purposes, a number of other water uses and minimum flow requirements must be
considered. Therefore the river's capacity to supply water to the Cleveland County
Sanitary District is substantially affected by other demands on the river.
Downstream from the Cleveland County Sanitary District intake, the City of Shelby
also relies on the First Broad River for water; therefore, downstream conveyance to the
city's intake is a concern. The First Broad River is also needed for wastewater
treatment discharges, mainly for the City of Shelby, and for agricultural irrigation
purposes. A minimum instream flow is also required to sustain the aquatic community
within the river. In addition, downstream withdrawals from the First Broad River by
the City of Gaffney are limited because Duke Energy has a hydroelectric plant just
below the city's intake. Other instream uses for water can include water quality
maintenance and prevention of sediment build-up.
The available safe yield of the First Broad River at the Cleveland County Sanitary
District intake is 10.0 mgd (McGill 2004). However, fluctuations in the normal stream
flow can vary widely and affect available water on a daily basis. The U.S. Geological
Survey maintains a surface water gauging station on the First Broad River near Casar.
Annual discharge data is available beginning in 1960 and is shown in Appendix A,
Table A9. As the table indicates, annual discharge during the 45-year period varied
from a high of 139.3 cfs (89.9 mgd) in 1960 and 1975, to a low of 26.8 cfs (17.3 mgd)
in 2002. A break down of this data by month further illustrates the variation in flows
of the First Broad River. (See Appendix A, Table A10.) In the absence of an
impoundment, the safe yield is a function of the lowest recorded day flow.
r
? 16
Purpose and Need
Report
First Broad River Reservoir
4.1 Aquatic Habitat
The NCDWR determines flow requirements for streams to ensure aquatic habitat
protection, particularly during dry season flows. The aquatic habitat target flow' is 70
cfs (45.16 mgd) at the Cleveland County Sanitary District intake (Sutherland 1992). A
NCDWR instream flow study for the City of Shelby (1992) determined that the
minimum flow level that would be acceptable downstream of the city's raw water
intake is 25 cfs or approximately 16.13 mgd (McGill 2004). The study also indicated
that a reduction in natural flows (below 70 cfs or 45.16 mgd) would impact the flow at
Shelby's wastewater facility, and more stringent limits on effluent may be imposed.
4.2 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Point source dischargers located throughout North Carolina are regulated through the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. The NPDES
program was established to control point-source discharges of water pollution.
Dischargers are required by law to register for a permit. The permitting process
includes determining the quality and quantity of treated wastewater that the receiving
stream can assimilate, incorporating input from stream modeling, collaborating with
NCDWQ Regional Office staff , and evaluation of the discharger's location. Where
appropriate, the NPDES program establishes limits for flow (quantity discharged),
conventional pollutants (BOD, pH, TSS, fecal coliform, oil & grease, etc.), toxicants
(metals, volatile organics, etc.), and non-conventional pollutants such as ammonia and
nutrients.
1 According to NCDWQ, there are eleven permitted dischargers within the 03-08-04
sub-basin, three of which are considered major dischargers. Of these, the City of
Shelby Waste Water Treatment Plant (major), the City of Shelby Water Treatment Plan
(minor), the Cleveland County Sanitary District (minor), and an industrial facility
(major) discharge to the First Broad River. The first Broad River plays an important
role in the disposal of wastewater.
' According to the Cleveland County Water Supply Survey (NCDWR 1989), instream target
flows are based on maintaining one dominant instream use or a combination of uses. During
those times when natural flows are below the target flow, projects capable of flow augmentation
should maintain the target flow, while others without flow augmentation should use the
naturally occurring flow as the temporary target.
17
Purpose and Need
Report
First Broad River Reservoir
5. Drought Conditions
Water systems such as the Cleveland County Sanitary District that rely on run-of-river
type intakes are particularly susceptible in drought conditions. The drought that
Cleveland County experienced from 1999 to 2002 highlighted the need for a more
dependable water source. The drought was so severe that Governor Michael Easley
declared a State of Disaster and State of Emergency existed in the Cleveland County
Sanitary District and the City of Shelby. Cherryville, located in Gaston County to the
east, was also named in the proclamation. In addition, local proclamations were issued
by Cleveland County, excluding the City of Kings Mountain, and by the City of
Shelby.
In July and August of 2002 the flow at the Cleveland County Sanitary District water
intake dropped to 3.0 mgd (McGill 2004). Also during that time, the available supply
at the City of Shelby water intake dropped to less that 1.50 mgd (McGill 2004). As a
result, water restrictions were imposed and the Cleveland County Sanitary District and
the City of Shelby were forced to find alternative means to provide water to their
customers. To provide some relief, the Broad River Water Authority allowed an
emergency connection to the Cleveland County Sanitary District system. However,
this connection could only supply water to approximately 200 customers because of the
six-inch pipe size and the difference in elevation of the two systems' tanks.
Even during drought conditions, Moss Lake provided more than adequate supply of
water to the Kings Mountain service area. The City of Kings Mountain was able to
provide water to Shelby customers through an emergency connection with the City of
Shelby water system. This connection is to provide water only during periods of a
declared emergency. Shelby also pumped water from a small privately owned lake,
and implemented water restrictions in order to continue to supply water to their
customers during the drought (McGill 2004). To prepare for future drought conditions,
the City of Shelby installed an emergency 30-inch water line to the Broad River after
the 2002 drought. However, it should be noted that the Broad River is also at risk
during drought conditions. Also, the location of the intake requires water to be
pumped, which is not cost-efficient. As the demand for water in the Cleveland County
Sanitary District and City of Shelby service areas increases, Moss Lake will not be
sufficient to supply these areas during drought.
Droughts also occurred in the area in 1977 and 1986 (Cawthon 2005). While the area
has not experienced such water shortages as those experienced during the drought that
peaked in 2002, water levels have been a cause for concern at times. Such concerns
18
Purpose and Need
Report
First Broad River Reservoir
are documented in news articles published in the Shelby Star in the summers of 2005
(Cawthon 2005) and 2006 (DeLea 2006). Large amounts of rainfall that occur in
relatively short periods of time are not helpful towards easing drought conditions
because there are no provisions for capturing water. Steady rains over a longer period
of time are needed to restore the water table and increase instream flows.
6. Summary
The First Broad River is the water source for approximately 80 percent of Cleveland
County's population, as well as for numerous commercial and industrial
establishments. With projected population increases, industrial development and the
unreliable nature of groundwater in the county, the number of people who depend on
the First Broad River will certainly increase. Adjacent areas of Gaston, Lincoln, and
Rutherford counties, as well as northern areas of South Carolina, also depend on the
First Broad River through the Cleveland County Sanitary District as the water provider.
The First Broad River does not provide an adequate water supply to meet future
demands of the Cleveland County Sanitary District, given instream flow requirements
and downstream flow needs. In addition, the run-of-river type intake utilized by the
Cleveland County Sanitary District is particularly susceptible to drought conditions
' such as those experienced in 2002. A more dependable and abundant water supply is
i
needed for Cleveland County.
19
Purpose and Need
Report
References
7. References
Cawthon, Graham. 2005. Needed rain falls, but crops need more, The Shelby Star.
June 28. http://www.shelbystar.com. Accessed October 12, 2006.
Charlotte Regional Partnership. No date. http://www.charlotteusa.com/RegionaU
regional communities.asp. Accessed September 2006.
City of Kings Mountain website. No date. http://www.ciiyofkm.com. Accessed
September 2006 and October 2007.
City of Kings Mountain. 2006. Kings Mountain Water Supply Plan. NC Division of
Water Resources Review Draft. September 6.
City of Shelby website. No date. http://www.ci!yofshelby.com. Accessed September
2006 and September 2007.
City of Shelby. 2006. Shelby Water Supply Plan. NC Division of Water Resources
Review Draft. September 6.
Cleveland County website. No date. http://www.clevelandcounty.com/nav/ index.htm.
Accessed September 2006.
Cleveland County Chamber of Commerce. No date.
http://www.clevelandchamber.orO. Accessed September 2006.
Cleveland County Sanitary District. 2006. Cleveland County Sanitary District Water
Supply Plan. NC Division of Water Resources Review Draft. September 6.
Cornwell, Brad R. 2007. City of Shelby Public Utilities Director. Personal
communication to R. Pugh (ARCADIS) [letter]. September 25.
DeLea, Pete. 2006. River low, but supply OK for now, The Shelby Star. June 3.
http://www.shelbystar.com. Accessed October 12, 2006.
Glenn Harbeck and Associates. 2005. Strategic Growth Plan. City of Shelby, North
Carolina. November.
20
Purpose and Need
Report
References
McCarter, Bill. 2006. Cleveland County Planning Director. [phone].
Personal communication with R. Pugh, ARCADIS. September 11, 2006.
McGill Associates. May 2004. Environmental Assessment for the Proposed First
Broad River Reservoir. Cleveland County, NC. Asheville, NC.
McGill Associates. February 1997. Feasibility Study First Broad River Reservoir.
Cleveland County, NC. Asheville, NC.
McGill Associates. August 1990. Engineering Report, Water Supply and Treatment
Study. City of Shelby, North Carolina. Asheville, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). 2006. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us.
Accessed September 2006.
NCDWQ. 2006. Broad River Basinwide Assessment Report. North Carolina
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality, Raleigh, NC.
NCDWQ. 2003. Broad River Basinwide Water Quality Plan. North Carolina
Department of Environmental and Natural Resources, Division of Water
Quality, Raleigh, NC.
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR). 2001. State Water Supply
Plan. North Carolina. January.
NCDWR. April 1989. Cleveland County Water Supply Survey. Cleveland County,
North Carolina.
North Carolina Employment Security Commission. http://www.esc.state.nc.us.
Accessed September 2006.
North Carolina State Demographics. http://demog.state.nc.us/. Accessed September
2006.
Scott
Joy. 2004. No. 1 getting water, The Shelby Star. October 9.
r http://www.shelbystar.com. Accessed October 12, 2006.
1
21
Purpose and Need
Report
References
Setzer, Britt. 2007. NCDENR Division of Environmental Health, Public Water
Supply Section. Personal communication with B. Smith (CCSD) [E-mail] on
October 4.
Sutherland, John. 1992. City of Shelby WWTP, Revised 7Q10, First Broad River,
Cleveland County. Memorandum to Trevor Clements. November 9, 1992.
Town of Boiling Springs website. No date. http://www.boilingspringsnc.net.
Accessed September 2006.
Town of Fallston. 2006. Fallston Water Supply Plan. NC Division of Water
Resources Review Draft. September 6.
Town of Lawndale. 2006. Lawndale Water Supply Plan. NC Division of Water
Resources Review Draft. September 6.
United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1990. Summary Report,
Reconnaissance for Flood Damage Reduction and Water Supply. First Broad
River near Polkville, North Carolina.
U.S. Census Data. 1990 and 2000. http://factfinder.census.gov. Accessed September
2006.
United States Geological Survey (USGS). http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nc/nwis/.
Accessed October and November 2006.
Willis Engineers. 2004. Water and Wastewater Planning Report. City of Shelby,
North Carolina.
22
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R First Broad River Reservoir Environmental Impact Statement G
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1 inch equals 5,000 feet
Appendix A
Tables

Table Al. 50 Year Population Growth for Clev eland County
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Total Population 64,357 66,048 72,556 83,435 84,714 96,287
10-Year Population Growth 1,691 6,508 10,879 1,279 11,573
Percent Change 2.63% 9.85% 14.99% 1.53% 13.66%
Table A2. Population Growth 1990 - 2000 by State, County, Municipality
1990 2000 Change Percent
Change Primary Water Supply(ies)
North Carolina 6,628,637 8,049,313 1,420,676 21.43% N/A
Cleveland County 84,714 96,287 11,573 13.66% First Broad River, Groundwater,
Moss Lake
' Shelby 14,669 19,477 4,808 32.78% First Broad River
Boiling Springs 2,445 3,866 1,421 58.12% First Broad River
Kings Mountain 8,763 9,693 930 10.61% Moss Lake
Grover 516 698 182 35.27% Moss Lake
CCSD* 58,321 62,553 4,232 7.26% First Broad River, Groundwater
' * Includes rural Cleveland Count y and the following munici palities:
Belwood 631 962 331 52.46% First Broad River
Casar 328 308 -20 -6.10% First Broad River
Earl 230 234 4 1.74% First Broad River
Fallston 498 603 105 21.08% Groundwater
Kingstown 958 845 -113 -11.80% First Broad River
Lattimore 183 418 235 128.42% First Broad River
Lawndale 573 642 69 12.04% Groundwater
Mooresboro 294 314 20 6.80% First Broad River
Patterson Springs 690 620 -70 -10.14% First Broad River
Polkville 1,514 535 -979 -64.66% First Broad River
Waco 320 328 8 2.50% First Broad River
' Source: US Census
Table A3. Population Growth 1990 - 2000 by Census Tract
Population Growth 1990 - 2000
Census
1990
2000
Change Percent Avg
Annual
Location
Tract Change Growth
9501 6,523 7,797 1,274 19.53% 1.95% Belwood, Casar, Polkville;
northwestern Cleveland County
9502 4,340 5,187 847 19.52% 1.95% Fallston, Lawndale; central
Cleveland County
9503 7,124 9,948 2,824 39.64% 3.96% Waco; eastern Cleveland County
9504 6,160 6,813 653 10.60% 1.06% western Kings Mountain
9505 3,989 3,984 -5 -0.13% -0.01% central Kings Mountain and south
9506 6,906 9,466 2,560 37.07% 3.71% southeastern Cleveland County
(east and south of KM)
9507 7,053 7,033 -20 -0.28% -0.03% east Shelby
9508 3,812 4,216 404 10.60% 1.06% central Cleveland County (north of
Shelby, east of First Broad River)
9509 3,998 3,405 -593 -14.83% -1.48% north central Shelby
9510 4,217 4,168 -49 -1.16% -0.12% east central Shelby
9511 2,998 3,115 117 3.90% 0.39% west-central Shelby
9512 5,566 5,163 -403 -7.24% -0.72% southwestern Shelby
9513 2,295 2,402 107 4.66% 0.47% eastern Shelby; central Cleveland
County
9514 5,246 6,045 799 15.23% 1.52% Kingstown, Lattimore, Mooresboro;
western Cleveland County
9515 6,518 8,568 2,050 31.45% 3.15% Boiling Springs; southwestern
Cleveland County
9516 7,905 8,977 1,072 13.56% 1.36% Earl, Patterson Springs; south
central Cleveland County
Totals 84,650 96,287 11,637 13.75% 1.37%
Source: US Census
Table A4. Housing Units 1990 - 2000 by State, County, Municipality
1990 2000 Change Percent
Change
North Carolina 2,818,193 3,523,944 705,751 25.04%
Cleveland County 34,232 40,317 6,085 17.78%
Shelby 6,474 8,853 2,379 36.75%
Boiling Springs 713 1,184 471 66.06%
Kings Mountain 3,689 4,064 375 10.17%
Grover 233 313 80 34.33%
CCSD* 23,123 25,903 2,780 12.02%
* Includes rural Cleveland County and the fo llowing municipalities:
Belwood 277 410 133 48.01%
Casar 137 145 8 5.84%
Earl 104 109 5 4.81%
Fallston 219 254 35 15.98%
Kingstown 275 273 -2 -0.73%
Lattimore 78 127 49 62.82%
Lawndale 254 300 46 18.11%
Mooresboro 144 140 -4 -2.78%
Patterson Springs 305 272 -33 -10.82%
Polkville 650 234 -416 -64.00%
Waco 137 145 8 5.84%
Source: US Census
Table A5. Projecte d Population Growth
by State and County through 2030
North Cleveland
Carolina County
2000 8,046,813 96,278
2010 9,349,175 99,363
10-Year Change 1,302,362 3,085
Percent Change 16.2% 3.2%
2020 10,709,704 104,739
10-Year Change 1,360,529 5,276
Percent Change 14.6% 5.4%
2030 12,090,083 109,860
10-Year Change 1,380.379 5,121
Percent Change 12.9% 4.9%
Source: North Carolina State Demographics
(http://demog.state. nc. us/demog/home.html)
Table A6. Projected Population Growth by County through 2060
2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Cleveland County 98,288 99,363 104,739 109,860 115,023 120,429 126,089
Rutherford County 63,308 64,742 67,433 69,724 74,953 80,574 86,617
Lincoln County 69,532 75,837 88,275 100,598 114,179 129,593 147,088
Gaston County 193,890 199,534 208,062 214,920 222,227 229,783 237,596
Source: North Carolina State Demographics (http://demog.state.nc.us/demog/home.html) and McGill Associates
Table A7. Employment and Growth by Industry for Cleveland County 1995 - 2005
Annual Average Employment
1995 2005 2000 - 2005 Change
Total Federal

Government 174 0.46% 189 0.46% 15 8.62%
Total State Government 777 2.07% 969 2.38% 192 24.71%
Total Local Government 3,697 9.84% 4,699 11.55% 1,002 27.10%
Total Private Industry 33,453 89.00% 27,594 67.81% -5,859 -17.51%
Total All Industries 38,101 101.36% 33,421 82.13% -4,680 -12.28%
Agriculture, Forestry,

Fishing & Hunting 113 0.30% 79 0.19% -34 -30.09%
Mining N/A 104 0.26% NA NA
Utilities 71 0.19% 61 0.15% -10 -14.08%
Construction 1,545 4.11% 1,499 3.68% -46 -2.98%
Manufacturing 15,144 40.29% 7,535 18.52% -7,609 -50.24%
Wholesale Trade 1,290 3.43% 1,385 3.40% 95 7.36%
Retail Trade 4,115 10.95% 4,040 9.93% -75 -1.82%
Transportation and

Warehousing 771 2.05% 1,082 2.66% 311 40.34%
Information 504 1.34% 339 0.83% -165 -32.74%
Finance and Insurance 594 1.58% 675 1.66% 81 13.64%
Real Estate and Rental

Leasing 261 0.69% 210 0.52% -51 -19.54%
Professional and

Technical Services 481 1.28% 530 1.30% 49 10.19%
Management of
Companies and 111 0.30% 64 0.16% -47 -42.34%
Enterprises
Administrative and

Waste Services 1,882 5.01% 1,213 2.98% -669 -35.55%
Educational Services 2,916 7.76% 4,025 9.89% 1,109 38.03%
Health Care and Social

Assistance 3,380 8.99% 5,335 13.11% 1,955 57.84%
Arts, Entertainment, and

Recreati 184 0.49% 242 0.59% 58 31.52%
on

Accommodation and

Food Services 1,941 5.16% 2,252 5.53% 311 16.02%
Other Services, Ex.

Public Admin. 796 2.12% 742 1.82% -54 -6.78%
Public Administration 1,838 4.89% 1,926 4.73% 88 4.79%
Unclassified N/A 93 0.23% NA NA
Source: Employment Security Commission (http://eslmi23.esc.state.nc.us/ew/EWResults.asp)
Table A8. Cleveland County Top Industries
Company Name Industry Employment
Range Location
Cleveland County Schools Education and Health Services 1,000+ countywide
Cleveland Regional Medical Education and Health Services 1
000+ Shelby
Center ,
County of Cleveland Public Administration 500-999 Shelby
Gardner-Webb University Education and Health Services 500-999 Boiling Springs
Wal-Mart Distribution Center Trade, Transportation, Utilities 500-999 Shelby
PPG Industries Fiberglass Manufacturing 500-999 Shelby
Products
Eaton Corporation Manufacturing 500-999 Kings Mountain
Entertainment Distribution Manufacturing 500-999 Grover
Company
White Oak Manor, Inc. Education and Health Services 259-499 Shelby
City of Shelby Public Administration 259499 Shelby
Cleveland Community
College Education and Health Services 259499 Shelby
Shelby Personnel Services Professional and Business 259499 Shelby
Services
Reliance Electric Industrial
Company Manufacturing 259499 Kings Mountain
Curtiss Wright Flight
Systems Inc. Manufacturing 259499 Shelby
Copeland Corporation Manufacturing 259499 Shelby
BFS Diversified Products Manufacturing 259499 Kings Mountain
Honeywell International Manufacturing 259499 Shelby
Source: North Carolina Department of Commerce, NC Profile
http://eslmi23.esc.state.nc.ustncp/indl nfo/t`opTen.aspx
Table A9. Annual Discharge of First Broad River near Casar
Water Year Discharge
(Oct 1 - Sept 30)
cfs mgd
1960. 139.3 89.9
1961 94.7 61.1
1962 108.9 70.3
1963 63.4 40.9
1964 69.1 44.6
1965 129 83.2
1966 72.6 46.8
1967 63.2 40.8
1968 87.1 56.2
1969 79.9 51.5
1970 76.8 49.5
1971 83.1 53.6
1972 95.8 61.8
1973 110.3 71.2
1974 107.4 69.3
1975 139.3 89.9
1976 92.5 59.7
1977 101.7 65.6
1978 109.9 70.9
1979 99.4 64.1
1980 113.2 73.0
1981 54.9 35.4
1982 70.9 45.7
1983 106.5 68.7
1984 126.7 81.7
1985 70 45.2
1986 55.3 35.7
1987 91.1 58.8
1988 43.4 28.0
1989 60.6 39.1
1990 113.8 73.4
1991 99.7 64.3
1992 62.7 40.5
1993 135.2 87.2
1994 94.9 61.2
1995 97.8 63.1
1996 93.5 60.3
1997 99.1 63.9
1998 104 67.1
1999 51.8 33.4
2000 41.3 26.6
2001 29.5 19.0
2002 26.8 17.3
2003 151.7 97.9
2004 107.8 69.5
2005 113.4 73.2
Source: hftp://waterdata.usgs.gov/nc/nwis/monthly/?format= sites selection links&search site no
=02152100&amp:referred module=sw
I Table A10. Monthly Mean Discharge (cfs) of First Broad River near Casar
Water
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1975 119.1 141.1 385.6 149.1 254.4 167.7 94.4 59.4 97.4 193.7 99.9 85.0
1976 132.3 95.2 90.2 89.0 92.8 84.9 52.8 45.7 47.3 223.9 86.9 146.4
1977 87.8 78.5 141.4 163.1 74.7 64.7 42.1 41.7 66.4 53.5 191.2 87.0
1978 200.0 85.9 157.0 98.3 135.1 78.1 61.7 117.4 50.9 40.8 41.5 59.9
1979 138.4 163.0 173.0 156.7 104.7 87.3 77.1 54.1 101.5 119.4 114.9 74.4
1980 124.8 75.6 174.8 212.8 138.9 114.6 90.6 53.7 63.3 75.3 73.2 51.7
1981 47.2 70.2 63.1 59.3 67.7 39.4 42.3 32.7 37.4 29.1 27.3 57.8
1982 115.3 151.2 70.0 87.4 65.7 99.6 62.0 57.6 35.1 44.5 50.9 116.5
1983 96.9 165.1 155.0 291.2 131.6 92.3 59.5 40.0 41.6 45.6 60.1 150.3
1984 150.3 94.0 234.7 157.7 191.2 171.8 99.1 137.7 126.4 55.6 56.9 62.9
1985 71.5 125.0 59.0 58.0 41.4 27.7 77.7 153.2 53.2 40.1 127.6 76.8
1986 54.8 57.5 87.5 52.7 50 32.7 20.5 26.2 38.9 32.5 65.7 100.6
1987 88.1 154.7 228.8 127.8 88.5 74.6 45.9 32.8 58.3 34.9 51.5 60.2
1988 88.1 50.8 44.6 67.5 33.9 23.4 19.2 19.5 37.2 28.5 35.9 26.6
1989 44.4 79.0 97.0 55.4 67.8 74.1 45.4 46.9 130.0 149.5 71.8 100.6
1990 133.5 247.4 194.5 126.3 108.3 66.9 63.3 69.2 42.7 160.0 63.1 72.2
1991 124.5 85.7 143.5 176.4 112.8 88.7 58.4 67.6 41.1 35.0 38.0 45.3
1992 55.5 77.8 78.4 139.2 80.8 86.2 39.0 35.5 44.7 74.4 178.9 142.2
1993 222.9 135.1 287.3 219.1 138.5 80.6 52.4 54.6 35.6 31.1 46.8 56.8
1994 121.0 122.4 180.9 102.1 57.5 89.6 92.6 172.3 66.1 62.7 56.8 69.8
1995 273.0 122.8 177.0 77.1 63.8 97.2 56.4 65.7 49.7 106.5 98.4 62.4
1996 162.6 133.8 134.5 103.4 81.8 69.0 45.4 69.1 56.5 44.5 64.3 116.4
1997 89.0 141.9 188.3 167.8 104.9 99.4 79.9 51.8 44.4 45.6 47.2 58.2
1998 176.9 185.9 173.2 183.7 147.5 78.9 63.1 55.8 37.9 42.9 42.2 52.2
1999 84.3 84.6 57.0 76.4 56.0 37.7 44.7 22.6 22.8 32.5 41.1 40.4
2000 49.8 48.4 77.9 87.1 37.5 23.8 19.2 16.2 22.6 17.6 23.3 30.0
2001 30.9 37.8 76.5 38.0 18.3 19.9 23.0 14.7 24.9 17.4 17.2 22.7
2002 49.0 43.8 56.7 36.1 23.9 14.9 11.4 8.09 21.0 32.9 69.2 111.5
2003 48.7 95.8 156.7 300.2 218.7 260.9 242.8 196.1 85.4 74.1 79.5 85.3
2004 55.4 130.5 57.8 94.5 79.7 135.0 108.7 53.9 347.7 77.2 149.0 171.5
Source: httP://waterdata us_gs.tov/nc/nwis/monthly/?referred module=sw&site no=02152100&por 02152100
1=1032180.00060,1,1959-03 2005-09&format=html table&date format=YYYY-MM-DD&rdb compression=file&
submitted form=parameter selection list

Appendix B
Proclamations, Resolutions and
Letters of Support
09/04/2002 10:11
• sap-0X2 11:15 Prom-
704-484-6808
CITY OF SHELBY UOC
fl?
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a $goal
PAGE 03
7-268 P•02/03 F-384
Cttxalj
MICHAEL K EASLEY
o0VEANOR
i:t'.f C Ui I Y E OStD=1\' O. 27
PROCLAMATION OF STATE DL,SASTER FOR THE CITY OF CHERR'YVILLE, CITY
OF SHELDX AND TBE CL.EVELAPID COUNTY SANITARY DISTRICT, EXCLUDING
m GmT OF K[NGS MOUNTAIN
WitMREAS, I have determined that a State ofDisaster and State ofEmerg=cy, as deSned in
N.C.&S. §§ 166A-4(1) and 14.288.1(10), exists in the State ofNorth Carolina, specifically iatlze
City of Chemyville, the City of Shelby and the Cleveland County Sanitary District, excluding the
City of Kings Mountain, as a. result of severe drought conditions.
Va-T-REA.S, on 18 Iur?e 2002, the City of Cherryvilie proclaimed a local State of Emergency;

1
and
WIERBAS, on 15 August 2002, the County of Cleveland, excluding the City of Things
Mountain, and the City of Shelby proclaimed a local State of Emergency; and `
WB.REh,S, pursuant to N.C,G.S. § 166A.-6, the criteria for a Type I disaster are met
including the following: 1) Receipt of the proliminary damage assessment from the Secretary of
Crime Control and Public Safety; 2), the City of Cherryville, the City of Shelby and the Cleveland
County, excluding the City of Kings MountalM each declared a local state of emergency pursuant to
N.C.CT.S. § 166A-8 andN.C.G.S. §§ 14-288.12,14-288.13, and 14-288.14 and forwarded awritten
copy ofthe declaration to the Governor; 3) The prelimingryy damage assessmentmeets or exceeds the
criteria establishedforthe Smell Business DisasterLomProgram Punsuantto 13 C.P.R. Part 123 or
meets or exceeds the State infrastructure criteria set out inN.C.O.S. § 166A-6.01(b)(2)a.; and 4) A
major disaster declaration by the President ofthe 'United States pursuant to the Stafford Actbas not
been declared; and ,
NOW, THEREFORE, pursttartt to the authority vested in me as Govemorby the Constitution
and laws of the State Of North Carolina, IT IS ORDBM:
Section 1. Pursuant to N.C.G.S. §§ 166A-6 and 14-288.15, a State of Disaster and State of
Emergency is hereby declared for the City of Cheriyville, the City of Shelby and the Cleveland
County Sanitary District, excluding the City of Kings Mountain.

B1
0910412002 10:11 704-484-6808 CITY OF SHELBY UOC PAGE 04
Sea-03••02 11:15 Fram• T-266 P_03/03 F-304
Section 2. All state and local govenunent entities and agencies are hereby ordered to
cooperate in the implementation of to prOViSiOnS Of this proclamation and the provisions of the
North Carolina Emergency Operations Plan.
Section 3-- Bryan E. Beauy,•Secretary of Crime Control and Public, Safetl , and/orhis desigaee; is
hereby delegated all power said authority granted to me ana required of me by Chapter 166A, and
Article 36A of Chapter 14 of the General Statutes for the pwrpose of imple;meuting the said
Emergency Operations Plan and to take such further action as is necessary to prolxlote and secure the
safety and protection of the populace in the above-referenced counties.
Section 4. Further, Bryan E. Beatty, Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety, as chief
coordinating officer forthe State ofNorth Carolina, shall exercise thepowers prescribed in N.C. G.S.
1438-476.
Section 5. I authorize this proclamation: (a) to be distributed to the news media and other
organizations calculated to bring its contents to the attention of the general, public; (b) unless the
cu-eumstances of the state of disaster prevent or impede, to be promptly filed with the Sceretar y of
Crime Control and Public Safety, the Secretary of State, and the clerks of superior court in the
countias to which it applies; and, (c) to be distributed to others as necessary to assure proper
implementation of this proclamation.
Section 6_ Tim Type I dis:%ter declaration shall expire 30 days after the issuance of the state of
di ,aster =d state of emergency and Type I disaster proclamation for the City of CherryAlle, the City
of Shelby and the Cleveland County Sanitary District, excluding the City of Kings Mountain, issued
on August 30, 2002 unless renewed by the Governor or the General Assembly. Such renewals may
be made in increments of 30 days each, not to exceed a total of 120 days from, the date for first
issuance. The Joint Legislative Commission on Govemmental Operations shall be notified prior to
the issuance of any renewal of a Type I disaster declaration.
Done into Capital City of Raleigh, North Carolina, this the 30"'day of August 2002.

G

t
MICHAEL F. EASLE'Y
GOVF"OP.
ATTEST:
ELAINE MARSHALL !44
SECRETARY OF STATE
B2
Oct. 18. 2006. 9 :50AM
"LriEetreEani3 QaurtfS •
(Araws Greater"
No. 0396 P. 1
. NUMBIIt 13-2002
e$Oi?.t?to?n
IN SUPPORT OF CLEVELAND C013NTY SANNTfARY'DISTRICT RESERVIOR
WHEREAS, the Claveland County Sanitary District supplies potable water to over 50,000
customers with over 800 smiles of waterline in the rural areas and small tmruicipaliiies in Cleveland County
and into surrounding counties by agreement; and
WURM, It i a CIi 9PItird Conty San1i 1Y uwt z!; aS k,S S6'CuM a aw ?Yd18f Lb a Ir;nt Rudd
River and Knob Creek in Uppar Cleveland County; and
WUH.. PMA S, fir; c: ti Caaq I'uce cqxdmced ° t:gltt t4:U;. z; ;rt ril:g °^* Of
mandatory water restrictions far the Sanitary District and the City of Shelby; and
AREAS, the C-ImJ ud Camq Samtaq Est has had to abta n Pamhic water fraM atoms
souroes, and these additional sources ate not sufficient for its caustomem, and
' I WMMtiS, the City of Shelby nbtains its raw wainr from the First Broad Riper downstream of
the Sanitary 'District raw water ktake•and tho remaining, water flow has been significantly below the
reqatemeats for-raw water c9 vAth mandatory voter resizictians on many occasions; and
WBEItM, for City of8he4 has had to obtain additional potable waxer from Kings Mountaia
• through a iarupbrary interoarmect; and
VM?W, a reservoir on the First ArvadRiver above the Sanitary District treatm= plant
would create a more stable wear resource for the Sanitary District; and
'NEWT . AS, to =nUad auLuut-Y from a x9anui3 wsaial insure a mum table 'water supply
downstream to the City of Shelby, and
V-7-219M, the B=-d of Comm- -=,s.cf Clt veland CG=ty and ft Ci ; af Sbclby haJe
jointly declared a STATE OF EMRGENICY on August 15, 2002; and
'OVHRR'R IES, t Ime, r?m of Nor ?amlina hac 1r ,fit STATE. OF t; Mt+:H[3ii T[? Y i
Cleveland County on August 30, 2002;
NOW THVJRM:101M M, XT RESOL'VE'D IIY THE CLE'(M ANA COUNTY ROARA OF
COMIVIISSIONERS THE FOLLOWWG
The Board of Commissioneo of Cleveland County supports the Cleveland County Sanitary
District's plan to build a reservoir onFSrst BroadRI= as part of a long-term solution to the county's watts
needs.
tWad t'sis 117 b &Y of .2V,,2.
AQL" L ',?,
Cleveland County 13oard of Commissioners
B3
Cleveland County Sanitary District
439 Casar Lawndale Road
Post Office Box 788
Lawndale, North Carolina 28090-0788
704-538-9033 *704-538-9011
Water Shortage Response Resolution
Resolution By
Cleveland County Sanitary District
Cleveland County, North Carolina
Indoor Residential Use:
Conservation for Voluntary and Mandatory Conservation Phases
• Use dishwashers only when they are full. Washing dishes by hand (don't let tap
run!) Saves about 25 gallons.
• Adjust water level on clothes washing machines, if possible. Use full loads only,
if not adjustable.
• Turn off faucets while brushing teeth, etc. Saves about 5 gallons per day.
• Reduce water used per flush by installing toilet tank displacement inserts.
A plastic jug may often be used as an alternative. DO NOT USE BRICKS-they
disintegrate when soaked and the resulting grit hinders closing of the flap valve.
• Do not use the toilet as a trash can.
• Use sink and tub stoppers to avoid wasting water.
• Keep a bottle of chilled water in the refrigerator for drinking.
• Find and fix leaks in faucets and water-using appliances. Faucets can usually be
Fixed cheaply and quickly by replacing washers.
• Adapt plumbing with flow restricting or other water-saving devices. These are
usually inexpensive and easy to install. See list of devices in Appendix E.
• Learn to read your water meter so you can judge how much water you use and
what difference conservation makes.
Take shorter showers and shallow baths. Saves about 25 gallons.
B4
• Reduce the number of toilet flushes per day. Each flush uses about 5 gallons
(2-3 if you have water saving toilets).
• Don't use a garbage disposal.
• Use non-phosphate detergent and save laundry water for lawns and plants.
Conservation for Emergency Conservation or Rationing Phase (In addition to
measures listed above).
• Turn off shower while soaping up.
• Use disposable eating utensils.
Outdoor Residential Use
Conservation for Normal Conditions and Voluntary Conservation Phase
Lawns
• Water before 10:00 a.m. to prevent evaporation which occurs during the hottest
part of the day. Morning is better than evening, when the dampness encourages
growth of fungus.
• Water only when lawn shows signs of wilt. Grass that springs back when
stepped on does not need water.
• Water thoroughly, not frequently: long enough to soak roots. A light sprinkling
evaporates quickly and encourages shallow root systems. Water slowly to avoid
runoff.
• Don't let the sprinkler run any longer than necessary. In a hour, 600 gallons
can be wasted.
• Allow maximum of one inch of water per week on your lawn. To measure, place
cake tins outside to collect rain and water from sprinklers.
• Use pistol-grip nozzles on hoses to avoid waste when watering flowers and
shrubs.
• Aerate lawns by punching holes 6 inches apart. This allows water to reach roots
rather than run off surfaces.
• Position sprinklers to water the lawn, not the pavement.
B5
• Avoid watering on windy days when the wind not only blows water off target,
But also causes excess evaporation.
Keep sprinkler heads clean to prevent uneven watering.
• Adjust hose to simulate a gentle rain. Sprinklers that produce a fine mist
waste water through evaporation.
• Know how to turn off an automatic sprinkler system in case of rain.
• Use an alarm clock or stove timer to remind you to shut off sprinklers that
don't have timers.
Vegetables and Flower Gardens
0 Water deeply, slowly and weekly. Most vegetables require moisture to a depth
of 6 to 8 inches.
• Keep soil loose so water can penetrate easily.
• Keep weeds out to reduce competition of water.
• Put the water where you want it and avoid evaporation by using soil-soakers
Or slow-running hoses, not sprinklers.
Trees and Shrubs
• Water deeply using a soil-soaker or drip irrigation.
0 Water only when needed. Check the depth of soil dryness by digging with a
towel.
• Mulch to reduce evaporation. A 2" to 3" layer of wood chips, pine needles,
Grass clippings or straw keeps the soil cool in the summer.
• Dig troughs around plants to catch and retain water.
Water trees growing in full sun more often than those in shade.
• Do not use sprinklers. Apply water directly at base.
• Do not fertilize during summer. Fertilizing increases a plant's need for water.
B6
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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• Postpone planting until fall or spring when there is generally less need for
water.
• Install trickle-drip irrigation systems close to the roots of your plants. By
Dripping water slowly, the system doesn't spray water in to the air. Use soil
probes for large trees.
• Water when cloudy, at night or even when a light rain is failing.
Outdoor Residential Use
Conservation for Voluntary Conservation Phase (in addition to measures listed
above).
• Do not allow children to play with hose or sprinklers.
• Limit car washing.
• Be ready to catch rainfall that occurs. Place containers under drain spouts.
• Use leftover household water if available.
• Consider delaying the seeding or sodding of new lawns.
• Determine the amount of water being used outdoors by comparing water bills
for summer and winter.
Conservation for Mandatory Conservation Phase
(In addition to measures listed above).
• Vegetable gardens and food trees should be given minimal amounts of water on
an individual basis only.
• Do not water lawns and inedible plants.
• Do not use sprinklers.
Most outdoor watering is prohibited under Emergency Conservation Conditions.
Hospital and Health Care Facility Use
B7

• Reduce laundry usage or services by changing bed linens, etc. only when
necessary to preserve the health of patients or residents.
• Use disposable food service items.
• Eliminate, postpone or reduce, as they may be appropriate, elective surgical
procedures during the period of emergency.
Industrial Use
• Identify and repair all leaky fixtures and water-using equipment. Give special
attention to equipment connected directly to water line, such as processing
machines, steam-using machines, washing machines, water-cooled air
conditioners and furnaces.
• Assure that valves and solenoids that control water flows are shut off completely
when the water-using cycle in not engaged.
• Adjust water-using equipment to use the minimum amount of water required to
achieve its stated purpose.
• Shorten rinse cycles for laundry machines as much a possible; implement lower
water levels wherever possible.
• For processing, cooling, and other uses, either re-use water or use from sources
that would not adversely affect public water supplies.
• Advise employees, students, patients, customers, and other users not to flush
toilets after every use. Install toilet tank displacements inserts; place flow
restrictors in shower heads an faucets; close down automatic flushes overnight.
• Install automatic flushing valves to use as little water as possible or to cycle at
longer intervals.
• Place water-saving posters and literature where employees, students, patients,
customers, etc. will have access to them.
• Check meters on a frequent basis to determine consumptive pattersn.
Review usage patterns to see where other savings can be made.
B8
Adopted this the 14"` day of February, 2003 at Cleveland County Sanitary District,
Cleveland County, North Carolina.
45 ?
r. Jo n Cline, Chairman)
?e;?' km
e3
(Attest)
96; 4
(NIr. CI de . Smith, Jr., General Manager)
(Attest)
B9
1
Mar. 13. 2007 9 : 26AM
BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS
210 Bast Frederick Street, Post Office Box 64
GAFFNCY, SOUTH CAROLINA 29342
[phone]
FACSIMILR [phone]
March 13, 2007
Mr. Butch Smith, Manager
Cleveland County Sanitary District
PO Box 788
Lawndale, NC 28090
Re; Proposed First Broad Diver Reservoir
Dear Mr. Smith:
No. 0399 P. 2
First of all, let me thank you for continuing to keeping the Board of Public Works
updated on Cleveland County Sanitary District's progress toward construction of a
reservoir on the First Broad River. It is obvious your organization has put a lot of time
and effort in the project to this point,
The Board of Public Works has the first raw water withdrawal point on the Broad River
after it crosses the North Carolina state line into South Carolina. We are greatly impacted
by the activity along the Broad River in North Carolina before it reaches our intake.
During the 2002 drought and since that time, many water purveyors within the Broad
River Basin have looked to the "Big" Broad River as a water source. While we
understand the natural progression to that point it concerns us greatly. If more water is
withdrawn from the goad River before our intake, we are concerned there will be
enough water to meet our demands once it reaches our intake. Our water resources need
to be addressed from a regional standpoint regardless of state boundaries.
The only option to help alleviate the shortage of flow during a drought is additional
storage within the basin. Based on the analysis presented by your consultant during our
February 27, 2007 meeting the flow of the river would be substantially enhanced by the
construction of a reservoir particularly during a drought.
The Board of Public Works is in a very favorable position to benefit from the
construction of your proposed reservoir along the First Broad River since the First Broad
discharges into the Board just upstream of our intake. Based on our discussions for
reserving a portion of the reservoirs capacity for the Board of Public Works and a
controlled release during drought events flow could be maintained at more consistent
rates which benefits the water purveyors as well as fish and wildlife. We understand that
the Cleveland County Sanitary District has applied for a Department of the Army permit
to construct a reservoir under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
BlectricRiver • Water * WasteTrearment
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"rm:I9iAc;Iiotir,
Mar. {3. 2007 9:26AM No. 0399 P. 3
Page 2
Mr. Butch Smith
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The Board of Public Works commends your organization for pursuing the construction of
the reservoir and we fully support the construction of the reservoir in Cleveland County.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment and provide input on the development of such
an important project for the entire region. If you have any questions or we can be of any
assistance do not hesitate to contact me or our operations engineer, Kim Fortner at 864-
488-8801.
Sincerely,
`Donnie L. Hardin
General Manager
DH/kf
B11