20080915 Ver 1_More Info Received_20090109

Duke
?Energy®
Carolinas
January 8, 2009
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Attention: John Dorney
Wetlands Program Development Unit
Parkview Building
2321 Crabtree Blvd. Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604
HYDRO LICENSING AND LAKE SERVICES
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
526 South Church St.
Charlotte, NC 28202
Mailing Address:
EC12K I PO Box 1006
Charlotte, NC 28201.1006
PD
JAN 9 209
DENR - WA.1ER QUALITY
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
Re: Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certification
Catawba-Wateree Hydroelectric Project (FERC Project No. 2232)
North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) Number 2008-0915
Request for Concurrence on Conditions of Certification
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) has reviewed Certification No. 3767 issued for the
Catawba-Wateree Hydroelectric Project on November 14, 2008. Duke appreciates this prompt
certification by the NCDWQ.
This letter respectfully requests NCDWQ's concurrence with Duke's interpretations and
clarifications of the following Conditions of Certification:
General
Clarification: The name of the legal entity receiving this certification should be Duke
Energy Carolinas, LLC rather than Duke Energy Carolinas, Inc. which appears in
numerous locations in the certification. In order to avoid confusion, it might be
appropriate for NCDWQ to issue an errata to the Certification to correct the name.
Clarification: The phrase "expiration of the FERC License" in the next-to-last
paragraph of the certification refers to the New License to be issued by the FERC and
includes any extensions by any annual licenses issued by FERC upon expiration of
that New License until the next new license is issued.
Conditions of Certification, Condition 3
• Duke's Interpretation: Duke may comply with this condition by initially filing with
NCDWQ the Water Supply Study developed during the Catawba-Wateree relicensing
process along with all available annual water use updates provided by water systems
that are members of the Catawba-Wateree Water Management Group. Subsequently,
Duke would provide NCDWQ with notification of applications received for new or
expanded withdrawals of 1 million gallons per day or more.
www.duke-energy.com
Continuiniz Compliance, Condition 5
• Duke's Interpretation: The State numeric water quality standards applicable to the
subject certification (citation) are dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature in the flow
released from each hydro station in the Catawba-Wateree Project as measured at the
approved water quality monitor locations contained in the Quality Assurance
Procedures Plan (QAPP).
• Duke's Interpretation: The "failure to sustain a designated or achieved use" clause
would apply to Duke if such a failure is directly attributable to a discharge resulting
from the operation of a Duke Catawba-Wateree Project hydroelectric facility,
including not complying with conditions of the subject certification or with applicable
sections of the Catawba-Wateree Comprehensive Relicensing Agreement (CRA).
Mitigation, Condition 6
• Clarification: The compensatory mitigation referenced in this condition is that
mitigation defined in Sections 4.5 of the CRA, as referenced in this condition. See
also Condition 8.
• Clarification: Duke will copy NCDWQ on all relevant property documents related to
compliance with CRA Section 4.5
Other Conditions, Condition 8
• Clarification: The CRA covers a wide range of operating and resource topics, some
of which are not related to water quality. The water quality certification should be
based only on the applicable sections of the CRA as listed in items a. through in. of
this condition and then only the portions of those items that are relevant to North
Carolina (NC). These are the components of the CRA in NC that govern
operational and compliance activities such as reservoir elevations, minimum
(habitat) flow, mitigation, the Catawba-Wateree Low Inflow Protocol and
Maintenance and Emergency Protocol, water quality, gauging and monitoring,
flows supporting public water supply and industrial processes, and flow and water
quality implementation. Other sections of the CRA are not pertinent to the subject
certification.
• Clarification: Item c. should include only CRA Section 4.5. Section 4.6 does not
apply to North Carolina.
Duke advises the NCDWQ that the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control (SCDHEC) requested additional information for the Quality Assurance Project Plan
(QAPP) and that Duke submitted a revised QAPP to SCDHEC on December 19, 2008. SCDHEC
has advised that with minor additional edits they approve the resulting QAPP. In order that the
QAPP remains consistent in both states, Duke provides the latest QAPP on the enclosed CD for
your review following which Duke will initiate having the identified individuals at Duke,
NCDWQ, and SCDHEC sign the QAPP.
If there are questions or if further discussion of these certification conditions is needed, please
contact Mark Oakley (704-382-5778; emoakleykduke-energy.com) or Tami Styer (704-382-
0293; tsst er ,duke-energy.com).
Surely,
. M. Oa ey, P.E.
Catawba-Wateree Relicensing Project Manager
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
CATAWBA-WATEREE TAILWATER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
MONITORING
FERC PROJECT NO. 2232
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN (QAPP)
Effective Date: Effective Date of New FERC License
Revision # 0
Document Control #1 of 15
P Duke
(Energy.
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN
CATAWBA-WATEREE PROJECT, FERC No. 2232
Al - Title and Approval Sheet
Catawba-Wateree Hydroelectric Project Location:
North Carolina - McDowell, Burke, Caldwell, Alexander, Catawba, Iredell,
Mecklenburg, Lincoln, and Gaston Counties
South Carolina - York, Chester, Lancaster, Fairfield, and Kershaw Counties
Lead Organization: Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Preparer: Tamara Styer, Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Contact Information: 526 South Church Street, Mail Code EC12Y
Charlotte, NC 28202
704.3 82.0293
Preparation Date: January 6, 2009
Document Approval:
George A. Galleher, Compliance Engineer
Duke Energy, Hydro Operations and Compliance
Signature Date
Carol Goolsby, Vice President Hydro Fleet
Duke Energy, Fossil-Hydro Generation
Signature Date
John Dorney, Program Development
North Carolina Division of Water Quality
Signature
Date
Rusty Wenerick, Director, Environmental Health Manager
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
Signature
Date
ii
Nydia Burdick, State Quality Assurance Management Office
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
Signature
Date
Penny Franklin, Director Scientific Services
Duke Energy, Corporate Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS)
Signature
Date
Sherry Reid, QA Manager Scientific Services
Duke Energy, Corporate Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS)
Signature
Date
E. Mark Oakley, Project Manager II
Duke Energy, Hydro Licensing and Lake Services
Signature
Date
iii
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
A2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS
REVISION #0
IMPLEMENTATION DATE: Effective Date of New FERC License
GROUP A - PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A3.0 Distribution List ......................................................................... ..........................................1
A4.0 Project Organization .................................................................. ..........................................2
A5.0 Problem Definition/Background ................................................ ..........................................5
A6.0 Project Task Description ............................................................ ..........................................7
A7.0 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria ......................................... ..........................................9
A8.0 Special Training/Certification .................................................... ........................................11
A9.0 Documents and Records ............................................................ ........................................11
GROUP B - DATA GENERATION AND ACQUISITION
131.0 Sampling Process (Study) Design ................................................................................ ......14
B2.0 Sampling Methods ....................................................................................................... ......38
B3.0 Sample Handling and Custody ..................................................................................... ......42
B4.0 Analytical Methods ...................................................................................................... ......42
B5.0 Quality Control ............................................................................................................ ......42
B6.0 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance (discussed in SOP) ..... ......43
B7.0 Instrument/Equipment Calibration and Frequency ...................................................... ......44
B8.0 Inspection/Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables ................................................. ......46
B9.0 Non-Direct Measurements ........................................................................................... ......46
1310.0 Data Management ........................................................................................................ ......47
GROUP C - ASSESSMENT AND OVERSIGHT
GROUP D - DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................53
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A-QAPP - Standard Operating Procedures for In Situ Hach MS5 Multiprobe
APPENDIX B-QAPP - Example Interval Tracking Chart Demonstrating Oxygen Sensor Drift
APPENDIX C-QAPP - Supplemental Trout Habitat Monitoring
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Contacts Receiving Duke Energy Catawba-Wateree QAPP ................... ..................... 1
Table 2 Water Quality Monitoring Schedule ........................................................ ..................... 7
Table 3 Summary of Data Quality Criteria ........................................................... ..................... 9
Table 4 Record Location, Archival and Disposal ................................................. ................... 13
Table 5 Minimum Available Spare Parts for Equipment Repair .......................... ................... 44
Table 6 Summary of Project Assessment Activities ............................................. ................... 47
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Project Organization Chart (Bold Text refers to Project Titles, Italics Text refers to
Duke Position Titles) ................................................................................................. ... 4
Figure 2 Catawba-Wateree Project Location Map ................................................................... ... 6
Figure 3 Flow Chart Summarizing Duke Energy's Tailrace Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring
Process (including Decision Points) .......................................................................... ... 8
Figure 4 Schematic Drawing of the Catawba River ................................................................. . 15
Figure 5 Bridgewater Water Quality Monitoring Location ...................................................... . 17
Figure 6 Rhodhiss Water Quality Monitoring Location .......................................................... . 19
Figure 7 Oxford Water Quality Monitoring Location .............................................................. . 21
Figure 8 Lookout Shoals Water Quality Monitoring Location ................................................ . 23
Figure 9 Cowans Ford Water Quality Monitoring Location .................................................... . 25
Figure 10 Mountain Island Water Quality Monitoring Location ............................................... . 26
Figure 11 Wylie Water Quality Monitoring Location ................................................................ . 28
Figure 12 Fishing Creek Water Quality Monitoring Location ................................................... . 30
Figure 13 Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality Monitoring Location - Diversion Dam ........... . 31
Figure 13 (cont'd) Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality Monitoring Location - Headworks.... . 32
Figure 13 (cont'd) Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality Monitoring Location - Main Dam.... . 33
Figure 14 Cedar Creek Water Quality Monitoring Locations .................................................... . 35
Figure 15 Wateree Water Quality Monitoring Locations .......................................................... . 37
Figure 16 System Overview - this configuration will be installed at each hydro facility ......... . 40
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
GROUP A - PROJECT MANAGEMENT
A3.0 Distribution List
This Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) will be distributed to the following agencies and
entities with an interest or role in water quality monitoring conducted by Duke Energy Carolinas,
LLC (Duke or Licensee) for the Catawba-Wateree Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2232).
Table 1 Contacts Receiving Duke Energy Catawba-Wateree QAPP
QAPP
RECIPIENTS ORGANIZATION
TITLE ORGANIZATION PHONE EMAIL DOC
CONTROL NO.
George Compliance Duke Energy, Hydro 704.382.5236 gagalleherAdukeenerg
y com 1 of 15
Galleher Engineer Generation _

Scott Holland Manager, Hydro Duke Energy, Hydro
704.382.9013
sdholland a dukeenergy com
2 of 15
Operations Generation
Brenda Technical Systems Duke Energy, Hydro 704.382.5257 bdmottemkdukeenergv.com 3 of 15
Mottern Manager Operations
Duke Energy, Hydro emoakle dukeenergcom
Mark Oakley Project Manager II Licensing and Lake
Services 704.382.5778 4 of 15
Duke Energy, pcfranklinAdukeenergy.com
Penny Franklin Director
Corporate EHS 704.875.5209 5 of 15
Duke Energy, jsvelteAdukeenergy com
John Velte EHS Manager
Corporate EHS 704.875.5237 6 of 15
Duke Energy, smreidAdukeenergy com
Sherry Reid Scientist III
Corporate EHS 704.875.5457 7 of 15
Keith Finley
y Senior Scientist Duke Energy, 704.875.5235
(kafinleyAdukeenerg)
8 of 15
Corporate EHS
Bill Foris Senior Scientist Duke Energy,
C
t
EHS 704.875.5262 (wjforisAdukeenerg m) 9 of 15
orpora
e
Glen Long Science Tech III Duke Energy, 704.875.5972 galongkdukeenrg m 10 of 15
Corporate EHS
Debbie Nispel EHS Manager Duke Energy, 317.838.1957 Debbie.nispelkdukeenergv.com 11 of 15
Corporate EHS

John Dorney Environmental
Program Supervisor NC Division of Water
919.733.9646
John.domeyARcmail.net
12 of 15
III Quality
Rusty Director, Water SC Dept of Health and
Environmental
803.898.4266
weneriweAdhec.sa.gov
13 of 15
Wenerick Quality Division Control

Nydia Burdick QA Management SC Dept of Health and
Environmental
803- 641-7670
burdicd&_dhec.sc.gov
14 of 15
Office Control
Ben West Hydro Licensing US EPA 404-562-9643 west.benjaminAepa.gov 15 of 15
Coordinator
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
A4.0 Project Organization
The Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) Hydro Operations Compliance Engineer, George
Galleher, will serve as the Project Manager (PM) and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of
the continuous dissolved oxygen (DO) monitoring program for the Catawba-Wateree Project
tailwaters, including oversight of the laboratory collecting the data in accordance with the Water
Quality Monitoring Plan (WQMP) for the Project and this QAPP. The Duke PM is responsible
for the final review of documentation for the QA/QC file and that data collection is consistent
with this QAPP. The Duke PM is also responsible for reporting data to the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) and the South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control (SCDHEC). In addition, the Project Manager is responsible for
maintaining the QAPP, distributing the QAPP, and preparation of updates and/or revisions and
redistribution as necessary. The Duke PM does not directly supervise any of the areas of
responsibility identified below.
The Duke Energy Corporate Environmental Health and Safety, (EHS) laboratory organization is
certified by the NC Division of Water Quality (Certification Number 5193) and the SC
Department of Health and Environmental Control (Certification Number 99046004) for water
analysis. John Velte, Manager Scientific Services Chemical/Physical EHS, will be the Field
Monitoring Manager responsible for directly overseeing and supervising the Monitoring Field
Staff. The Field Monitoring Manager is responsible for the day-to-day coordination of field data
collection and equipment maintenance in accordance with this QAPP, the Water Quality
Monitoring Plan (WQMP) and all associated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPS). The Field
Monitoring Manager is also responsible for reporting any equipment/calibration issues to the
Duke PM and for taking corrective action related to equipment/calibration issues encountered by
Monitoring Field Staff. At the end of the monitoring season, the Field Monitoring Manager also
provides an annual database derived from PI (plant information) data, field data, validation data,
backup files, etc to the Project Manager and Corporate EHS Water Management Group. This
annual database will form the basis of the annual report. The Field Monitoring Manager is also
responsible to take any corrective action resulting from internal or external audits.
The Monitoring Field Staff (Duke Energy EHS personnel assigned by the Field Monitoring
Manager) are responsible for maintaining functioning instruments, performing calibration
procedures as required, collecting and downloading data, and maintenance of field logbooks in
accordance with this QAPP, the WQMP and all associated SOPS. Field Staff are responsible for
reporting any equipment/calibration issues to the Field Monitoring Manager.
Sherry Reid, Scientist (EHS), will be the Quality Assurance (QA) Manager responsible for
conducting internal audits and maintaining Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) files of
the field data collection process.
Debra Nispel, of the Corporate EHS Water Management Group, is responsible for producing the
annual report from the final database produced by the Field Monitoring Manager and the
documentation received from Hydro Operations. The annual report is submitted to both
NCDWQ and SCDHEC.
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No. 0
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Scott Holland, the Duke Hydro Operations Manager, and his direct reports are responsible for the
day-to-day operations of the hydroelectric stations. They take the information provided in real-
time by the tailrace monitor and/or data supplied by the PI database and take appropriate action
(turbine aeration) to maintain compliance to state water quality standards. The hydro operations
staff is responsible for observing the tailrace monitor for proper functioning or suspicious data
and informing the Field Monitoring Manager and/or the Data Processor Manager for possible
troubleshooting of the monitoring system.
The Technical Services Manager, Brenda Mottern, will serve as the Data Processor / QA
Manager. She and her direct reports are responsible for the data that are received from the
tailrace monitor and into the SCADA wave radio, and finally processed into the PI database.
The Data Processing function maintains the PI database, performs needed calculations from PI
made available to the operators, and provides for an annual database and electronic spreadsheets
used for the annual report. The Data Processor is responsible for software support and
maintaining the interface between the instruments and the receiving station, for reviewing
selected portions of the individual data files.
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
Figure I Project Organization Chart (Bold Text refers to Project Titles, Italics Text refers to Duke Position Titles)
Duke Project Manager
Hydro Operations Compliance Engineer
George Galleher
EHS QA Officer
Scientist
Sherry Reid
Duke Field Monitoring Manager
EHS Manager
John Velte
Duke Field Monitoring Staff
Keith Finley
Bill Foris
Glen Long
Duke Hydro Operations Manager
Manager Hydro Operations
Scott Holland
Duke Hydro Operations Staff
Scott Holland's Direct Reports
Data Processing / QA Manager
Technical Systems Manager
Brenda Mottern
Duke Project Report
Preparation Manager
EHS Manager
Debra Nisbel
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
A5.0 Problem Definition/Background
A5.1 Background
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC (Duke) has applied for a new operating license from the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for the Catawba-Wateree Hydro Project (all eleven
impoundments and thirteen powerhouses are included in the Catawba-Wateree License, see
Figure 2). Along with development of its license application, Duke and stakeholders have
developed a Comprehensive Relicensing Agreement (CRA) along with stakeholders to address
many Project-related issues and stakeholder interests.
One of the proposed license articles in the Application for New License stipulates a Flow and
Water Quality Implementation Plan (FWQIP) to enhance the aquatic resources by improving
flow conditions for fish and wildlife and by meeting state dissolved oxygen standards. Even
though Duke has previously modified many of the turbines to increase the capacity to aerate the
downstream releases, additional plant modifications are necessary to enhance the aeration
capacity and/or meet the minimum flow requirements stipulated in the CRA. The FWQIP
describes the additional physical modifications, the schedule for completion of the modifications,
and any interim measures prior to the physical installation of the equipment (Table 4 of the 401
Water Quality Certification Application).
An additional proposed article for the new license is the Water Quality Monitoring Plan
(WQMP). This proposed article describes a monitoring program at each hydroelectric station.
The WQMP discusses two major activities for water quality monitoring. The first activity is the
measurement and reporting of dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) for the duration of the
license (this activity is the focus of this QAPP). The second activity is the measurement of
temperature and flow downstream of the Bridgewater project to verify the computer modeling
used to establish the flow release patterns into the bypassed reach and the downstream river
channel (discussed in Appendix C-QAPP). In accordance with the CRA, this supplemental
monitoring is not used for compliance purposes, but rather to determine if flow reductions are
needed in the Catawba River Bypassed Reach (CRA, Appendix F, Section 3.0).
The purpose of this QAPP is to provide a quality assurance/quality control program for the
proposed DO monitoring. This QAPP documents the data collection procedures, the equipment,
and data management activities to ensure that valid data are used by Duke, NCDWQ, and
SCDHEC to evaluate compliance to state dissolved oxygen (DO) standards. This QAPP was
developed in accordance with the USEPA guidance document "Guidance for Quality Assurance
Project Plans, EPA QA/G-5" dated December 2002 and the "SCDHEC Guidance Document for
Preparing Quality Assurance Project Plans (QAPP) for Environmental Monitoring
Projects/Studies" Revision 1, dated October 2007.
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
Figure 2 Catawba-Wateree Project Location Map
LJ
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CARXINA
LAKE
LIT SHOALS LAKE
NORMAN
.; MOORESVILLE
I?
.,I
CHARLOTTE
ti- FORT MILL
ROCK HILL
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLI NA
LANCASTER
CHESTED FISHING CREEK LAKE
GREAT FALLS LAKE
RO' CKY CREEK LAKE
LAKE WATEREE
LENOIR
LAKE HICKORY i
k
MORC;ANT€ N HICKORY
LAKE RHODHISS
LINCOLNTON
MT14. ISLAND LADE
GASTONIA
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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A5.2 Problem Statement
The goal of the Catawba-Wateree QAPP/WQMP is to provide accurate, real-time dissolved
oxygen (DO) and temperature data for the project releases. This real-time data will be used by
operators to adjust hydro operations to maintain compliance with state DO standards and the
requirements of the FERC license (see Section B 1 for geographical references). In addition, this
data will be used for reporting compliance, and/or non-compliance events to appropriate
agencies, as well as conducting on-going evaluations regarding equipment performance and
operational guidelines.
A6.0 Project Task Description
A6.1 Schedule
Duke's Field Monitoring Staff will collect DO and water temperature data in accordance with the
WQMP. Table 2 summarizes the tasks anticipated to occur under the WQMP and this QAPP.
The QAPP will become effective upon (1) obtaining all approval signatures in Section Al, (2)
issuance of the final 401 Water Quality Certification by NCDWQ and SCDHEC, and (3)
issuance of a New License for the Catawba-Wateree Project by the FERC and the closure of all
appeals and legal challenges.
The following is a general schedule for the monitoring activities discussed here:
Table 2 Water Quality Monitoring Schedule
Task Timeframe Notes
Water Quality 12 months after FERC At several locations, the installation of water
Monitor approves the FWQIP quality monitors will precede the installation of
installation (subject to approval in NC the equipment modifications necessary to achieve
and SC 401 Water Quality compliance. In these cases, the monitors will
Certification) per CRA, assist Duke in the implementation of interim
Appendix M measures per the FWQIP. However, these
monitor results are not suitable for compliance
assessments until the necessary equipment
modifications have been implemented (refer to
CRA Section 13.2)
DO Monitoring April 1 - November 30 Each year for the term of the license, per
WQMP/FWQIP
Temperature April 1- November 30 Each year for the term of the license, per
Monitoring WQMP/FWQIP
Annual Report March 30 The annual report will reflect previous year's
Submitted data; annual reports submitted for the term of the
license
A6.2 Summary of Project Tasks and Decision Points
A summary and flow chart of the various tasks as they relate to decisions and reporting for the
project are presented in Table 3.
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC
Quality Assurance Project Plan
Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
Revision No. 0
Revision Date: 01/06/2009
Figure 3 Flow Chart Summarizing Duke Energy's Tailrace Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring Process (including Decision Points)
(Dashed lines indicate EHS responsibility, light solid lines indicate hydro generation responsibility, heavy solid lines
represent information included in annual report)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Starting Point ,
Dedicated Tailrace Monitor
Database for 15-minute data Station PI
Field Records Computer Database
Combine
QC Data Plot of - ---------- V, Field Records and PI
Accuracy Check
Real Time
Calculate Database Calculations
Display to Daily Ave DO - - - - - - - to
Check Operators Hourly Ave DO Provide Final Database
Accuracy for Annual Report
' of Monitor
Field Records of with Field
Data Verification, Validation
Validation, and Instrument
Actions Real Time Ave
Daily DO >5 Yes
Hourly DO > 4
Within
Yes ---- --
Specs
' Annual
Turbine Aeration

No No Report
Documentation of
Replace Monitor Non-compliance
Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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A7.0 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria
The objective of water quality monitoring in the hydro tailraces is to provide accurate, real-time,
continuous temperature and dissolved oxygen information to hydro operators to ensure
compliance with applicable state water quality standards and FERC license requirements and to
provide historical information to operators for continuous improvement of procedures and
operations.
Sensors to monitor temperature and dissolved oxygen will be deployed in the tailrace of each
hydro station (see Section 131.0 for specific locations). Continuous monitoring data will be
collected every 15 minutes and provided real-time to the hydro station operators. The hydro
operators will aerate the turbine releases to comply with state standards as needed. Calibrated
and well-maintained water quality sensors are the key to provide accurate readings within the
precision and bias criteria (see Section 135).
Table 3 Summary of Data Quality Criteria
QAPP Section
Performance Criteria For Details Summary of Method
Sensitivity Manufacturer's 0.01 mg/l resolution
specifications
Accuracy Manufacturer's ± 0.01 mg/l (initial calibration)
specifications
Accuracy is measured every two weeks and
Accuracy B 5.2 documented via an ongoing Interval Tracking
Chart for each hydro tailrace
Precision is measured between all instruments
Precision B 5.0 prior to the field season and is used as the
B 5.1 numerical criteria to delineate monitor
replacement
Acceptable error defined as the precision
Tolerance B 5.1 measured between all instruments prior to the
field season
Instrument is rejected (returned to factory) if
Bias B 5.1 the Instrument average is NOT within ±
2•std.dev of the mean of all instruments tested
Instrument readings are available in real-time,
Sensor response A 7.0 to the hydro station operators, procedures are
(probe memory) defined for operator evaluation of incoming
data (probe response) and potential call-out for
instrument replacement or repair
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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Temperature probes rarely loose their calibration and are not usually subject to fouling. The
temperature sensors are routinely checked when the instrument is calibrated. However, the DO
probes are prone to fouling (biological and chemical), which typically results in readings of
lower DO concentrations than actually exist. The rate of oxygen sensor fouling (hence
inaccuracy) is usually seasonally variable and dependent upon water quality. The measurement
trends and tracking of the deviations from accuracy of the deployed tailrace monitor will drive
the frequency of monitor replacement. The method of validating probe accuracy will rely on a
second calibrated sensor to compare readings to the deployed tailrace monitor on site. The
precision between the instruments will be compared to a standard range of acceptable error (see
Section B5.1 for precision and bias measurements), and, if the difference between the two
instruments is greater than the acceptable error, the deployed tailrace monitor will be replaced
with a freshly calibrated monitor.
The specific location of each sensor (see Section BI) is based upon previous work (Duke
Energy, 2006) to document hydro operations on downstream water levels and dissolved oxygen
concentrations. The results of these studies illustrated the comparability of various sites and the
need to measure water released from the hydro, rather than downstream changes. Based upon
these previous investigations, the specific locations of continuous monitoring were based upon
the following considerations:
¦ representative of water quality conditions during all Project operations and flows;
¦ security (minimize probability of equipment vandalism and theft);
¦ accessible for maintenance and trouble shooting within a range of flows';
¦ within a distance downstream to achieve the smallest possible time-lag between
changes in Project operations and monitor response, and;
¦ line-of-sight for radio transmission
¦ safety of Field Monitoring Staff
The requirement for accurate, real-time dissolved oxygen concentrations in order for the
operators to maintain state water quality standards will require immediate maintenance if the
system does not provide the data or the data appear to be erroneous. Employee call-out to
troubleshoot the sensor will be made if the operators observe the following:
¦ a sudden drop or spike in the dissolved oxygen concentration which does not change
with or after turbine aeration
¦ the dissolved oxygen concentrations are not those expected after aeration
¦ no change of concentration observed by the operators
¦ suspicion of monitor errors based upon operators experience
¦ loss of data
Duke Energy will respond to a call-out within 24 hours. The Field Monitoring Manager will be
notified and Field Staff dispatched. The trouble shooting protocol will follow these steps:
¦ Power supplies and cable connections checked and verified,
¦ Monitor communication and calibration,
¦ Check SCADA radio communications to station computer, station computer
transmitting to PI database
' Accessibility to the monitor at all generation flows and some spill flows, extreme flooding (spill) may result in
unsafe conditions to service the monitor.
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Faulty probes will routinely be replaced within 24 hours or within the next business day. Loss of
equipment related to radio communications will be replaced as soon as possible and all actions
from the call-out will be documented and communicated to the Field Monitoring Manager.
Monitoring data will be stored on the station computer until the radio signal is restored.
A8.0 Special Training/Certification
All activities required by the Laboratory Certification issued by the NC Division of Water
Quality (Certification Number 5193) and the SC Department of Health and Environmental
Control (Certification Number 99046004) shall be performed. The laboratory certification shall
be maintained as required by both agencies.
All personnel responsible for field monitoring must be familiar with this QAPP and will be
qualified to perform the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP # 3210.3, Appendix A).
The Field Monitoring Manager is responsible to verify appropriate state lab certification
requirements necessary for the implementation of the tailrace monitoring project.
In addition, the Field Monitoring Manager will review requirements, and, if necessary, train the
Monitoring Field Staff prior to each monitoring season. The training will consist of:
¦ Current field procedures and SOPS,
¦ Changes, if any, from previous years, and
¦ Continuous improvement items identified from past data analysis.
The Field Monitoring Manager will observe the field techniques of the Field Staff at periodic
intervals throughout the monitoring season. Any issues with technique will be corrected at that
time and documented in the appropriate field logbook.
All personnel responsible for field monitoring must complete safety training as required by
regulating agencies and Duke. Completion of this training will be required on an annual basis
and will be documented. All training records will be maintained by the EHS QA Manager.
A9.0 Documents and Records
Personnel identified in Table 1 (Section A3) will receive the most recently approved QAPP and
associated documents. These documents will be updated as necessary by the Duke PM and/or the
QA Manager and will be distributed to all parties listed in Section A3 by the Duke PM via
hardcopy. Any revisions to the QAPP will be noted on the title page with the revision number
and effective date. Only the Duke PM and QA Manager will have access to making revisions to
the electronic copy of the QAPP, Duke's PM is also responsible for obtaining appropriate
revision approvals by NCDWQ and SCDHEC and retention of all revisions to the QAPP.
Revisions to the QAPP may include but are not limited to the following:
¦ Procedural changes due to continuous improvement activities identified throughout
the course of monitoring,
¦ Procedural changes due to technological or safety-related changes and/or
improvements,
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¦ FERC License revisions or requirements, and
¦ Water quality agency revisions or requirements.
As specified in the SOP, during the monitoring season, the Monitoring Field Staff will:
¦ Maintain records of calibration,
¦ Maintain records of maintenance,
¦ Maintain records of instrument failure,
¦ Maintain records of corrective action, and
¦ Maintain any other field notes/information in field logbooks.
The field staff will transfer these records electronically to the Field Monitoring Manager on a
regular basis as specified by the Field Manager.
The Field Monitoring Manager will archive all field records and any non-PI system temperature
and DO monitoring data throughout the monitoring season. These records, in conjunction with
PI-system records, will be reviewed by the Field Manager and transferred to a dedicated database
for temperature and DO records. This database will be periodically reviewed by the Project
Manager and EHS QA officer throughout the monitoring season, including the status of data
flags to be posted based on field records. All original raw data records (paper and electronic)
collected by the field staff during the monitoring season will be transferred to the Duke PM at
the end of the monitoring season. The Duke PM will maintain copies of these records in the
QA/QC files for this monitoring project for the term of the Catawba-Wateree Project FERC
License.
The Field Monitoring Manager will maintain scans of all forms and all data files in electronic
format for five years. Access to these files is controlled by the Field Monitoring Manager.
Details of electronic data management are further described in Section B10 of this QAPP.
All communications regarding non-compliance and annual compliance reports submitted to
NCDWQ and SCDHEC will be maintained in hard copy and electronic format by the Duke
Project Manager for the term of the new License.
Table 4 Record Location, Archival and Disposal
Item Produced By Hardcopy Storage Location Archived Disposal
Electronic c Time
DO and PI Data Processor Electronic On PI database 1 year Life of new
Temperature server (OSI license
Data software)
Calibration EHS Field Staff Hardcopy and EHS files and QA 1 year 5 years
Records Electronic Manager files
Maintenance EHS Field Staff Hardcopy and EHS files and QA 1 year 5 years
Records Electronic Manager files
Corrective EHS Field Staff Hardcopy and EHS files and QA 1 year 5 years
Action Electronic Manager files
Annual Reports EHS Water Hardcopy and EHS files, QA 1 year Life of new
Management Electronic Manager files PM license
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Item Produced By Hardeopy or
Storage Location
Archived
Disposal
E
lectronic c
Electron
Time
Group Files
An annual report will be submitted to both North and South Carolina agencies according to
Table 2 and consist of the following formats:
North Carolina Annual Catawba-Wateree Tailrace Monitoring Report
Purpose and Scope
Temperature Monitoring
Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring
Instantaneous Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in the Tailrace
Bridgewater
Rhodhiss
Oxford
Lookout Shoals
Cowans Ford
Mountain Island
Daily Average Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in the Tailrace
Bridgewater
Rhodhiss
Oxford
Lookout Shoals
Cowans Ford
Mountain Island
Monitor Maintenance and Calibration Records
Summary of Assessment and Response Actions
Conclusions
Summary of Compliance
Proposed / Implemented Corrective Action
Recommendations for Continuous Improvement
Recommended Changes to the QAPP (if needed)
References
South Carolina Annual Catawba-Wateree Tailrace Monitoring Report
Purpose and Scope
Temperature Monitoring
Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring
Instantaneous Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in the Tailrace
Wylie
Fishing Creek
Dearborn / Great Falls
Cedar Creek / Rocky Creek
Wateree
Daily Average Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations in the Tailrace
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Wylie
Fishing Creek
Dearborn / Great Falls
Cedar Creek / Rocky Creek
Wateree
Monitor Maintenance and Calibration Records
Summary of Assessment and Response Actions
Conclusions
Summary of Compliance
Proposed / Implemented Corrective Action
Recommendations for Continuous Improvement
Recommended Changes to the QAPP (if needed)
References
GROUP B - DATA GENERATION AND ACQUISITION
B1.0 Sampling Process (Study) Design
The purpose of monitoring temperature and dissolved oxygen in the water released from the
hydro is to ensure that the DO concentration in that water meets or exceeds applicable state WQ
standards. The study design was based upon the work by Wagner et al. (2000) and modified to
meet specific monitoring objectives described in the License Application (Duke Energy, 2006).
The tailrace data will be collected between April 1 and November 30 each year, with an annual
report available March 30 of the following year. This monitoring period was selected based
upon the 10-year monitoring history presented in the License Application. At no time were
dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 5 mg/l during the period December through March
(Duke Energy, 2006). Historic temperatures were always less than state water quality standards.
The primary purpose of this program is to meet temperature and dissolved oxygen water quality
standards in the tailrace of the Catawba-Wateree Hydros and to document and report compliance
to state water quality standards. The only tailrace data that is of concern is whether temperatures
are lower than state standards and whether dissolved oxygen concentrations are higher than state
standards. Cause-and-effect relationships of data variability are not pertinent to this program.
In summary, permanent tailrace monitors (temperature and dissolved oxygen Hach MS5
Multiprobes) will be placed in the tailraces of the Catawba Hydros (no samples are collected for
laboratory analysis). The data is recorded every 15-minutes, hourly averages are calculated from
the 15-minute data (4 points per hour) and compared to the instantaneous DO standard of 4 mg/1.
Midnight to midnight hourly averages (24 hours per day) are used to obtain daily average DO
and compared to 5 mg/ daily average standard.
The first criterion for the placement of the water quality monitors reflects the criterion of the
Catawba-Wateree Comprehensive Relicensing Agreement. A schematic of the Catawba River
(Figure 4) illustrates the various developments, water release points, and the flows requiring
monitoring.
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Figu
Catawba River Linville River
Catawba Linville
Arm of
L
k Lake James Arm of
L
k
a
e a
e
Catawba Paddy Ck Paddy Ck Bridgewater Linville
Dam' Dam Spillway' Powerhouse Dam
"
I
-------

% ', V
Paddy Creek
' I Linville River
--- ------------- + ------------
Catawba River Bypassed Reach

Muddy 7
Creek Catawba River
Lake Rhodhiss
Rhodhiss Rhodhiss
Dam' Powerhouse
Notes:
1. Overflow spillway
2. Gated spillway
LEGEND
Powerhouse release
-? Recreation release
Continuous release
1 Regulated reach or
River tributary inflow
- - - Bypassed reach
Lake Resrevoir
Dam Structure
Lake Hickory
Oxford Oxford
Powerhouse Dame
Catawba River
Lookout Shoals Lake
Lookout Lookout
Shoals Dam' Shoals PH
Lake Norman
Cowans Cowans
Ford PH Ford Dame
Mountain Island Lake
Mountain Mountain
Island PH Island Dam'
(Continued on Figure 2)
I-C IF ou11C111atic lJi-awing U1 LIIC %,atawua INivel
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(Continued )
South Fork
Catawba Mountain Island Lake
River
Mountain Mountain
\ Island PH Island Dam'
Lake Wylie
Notes:
1. Overflow spillway Wylie Wylie
2. Gated spillway Dame Powerhouse
3. With flash boards
Fishing
Creek
Catawba River
Fishing Creek Lake
Fishing Fishing
Creek PH Creek Dame
Great Falls Reservoir
Rocky
Creek
Cedar Creek Reservoir
Rocky
Creek PH Rocky Crk
Dam' Z Cedar
Creek PH

Lake Wateree
Wateree
Powerhouse Wateree
Dam'
J I bI
Wateree River t
Great Falls Great Falls Dearborn Great Falls Great Falls
Powerhouse Dam Powerhouse Headwork' 3 Diversion 1,3
i
L
Short
Bypass
1 .' ? Long
Bypass
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The second criterion for the specific placement of the water quality monitors represents the best
location to satisfy all of the stipulations presented in Section A7, describing Data Quality
Objectives and Criteria. Of utmost consideration is the specific placement of the monitor to be
able to capture the variability of the dissolved oxygen released from the hydro. The instruments
are designed to accurately measure the expected temperature and DO concentrations and will
adequately characterize the water quality of the turbine flows to enable the operators to adjust
turbine aeration to meet state water quality standards.
The following figures show the proposed locations and discuss the rationale of the monitoring
equipment location at each of the Catawba-Wateree Developments. (Note: one of the criterion is
that the monitor shall be accessible at all generation flows and some spill flows, extreme
flooding (spill) may result in unsafe conditions to service the monitor).
Figure 5 Bridgewater Water
'Fw3?, Hr11 ?1
Monitoring Location
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)
Wireless
Bypassed Telemetry to
Reach Flow sensor at Station
1 Minimum Catawba Dam 0.00 flow release Computer
Continuous valve and Staff
Flows Gage for
Visual
Minimum
Continuous Downstream of USGS Gage
Flows Ist Bridge at USGS Gage and Turbine
2 Recreational Powerhouse 0.65 (New Gage) Generation
Flows Road Records
Project Hourly
Flows
1st Bridge at
In Situ -Pipe
house
Powerhouse
and Instruments
Wireless
Temperature Road on Bridge Telemetry to
3 Dissolved Linville River 0.25 (NCDOT Station
Oxygen Downstream of approval Computer
Bridgewater required)
Hydro
Reservoir Bridgewater Current Device Wired to
4 Levels Forebay n/a on the Intake Station
Structure Computer
Device Location Rationale
The valve at the Catawba Dam will be designed to supply seasonal minimum continuous flows
in the Catawba River Bypassed Reach (Location 1). A sensor in the flow pipe or valve,
calibrated for flow, will provide a continuous reading of the flow being released into the
Catawba River Bypassed Reach. Since the sensor is located directly on the valve or flow pipe,
which is on the dam, the sensor should be secure from vandals.
The channel configuration at the proposed site for the new USGS gage is ideally suited for the
expected range of flows originating from the Linville Dam. The site is located on private
property providing a measure of security.
The previous water quality monitoring site was located on the downstream side of the
powerhouse. Even though that site adequately represented the turbine now water quality, the
future configuration of the Bridgewater Powerhouse is not known, and, therefore, the
recommendation for the future water quality monitoring location is at the first downstream
bridge (on Powerhouse Road). The bridge provides an existing structure to place the water
quality monitor in the center of the narrow river channel. The temporary monitors placed at this
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site during the Bridgewater downstream investigations (Knight 2003) illustrated similar water
quality values to the tailrace monitor at all flows except the 50 cfs leakage flows that will be
replaced by 75, 95 or 145 cfs minimum continuous flows in the future depending on the month.
This site will represent the water quality conditions of any combination of hydro unit flow
(including minimum flow). In addition, the site would be accessible under all Project flows, and
would provide a rapid response at the station to water quality conditions. Security from vandals
is a concern at this site.

Map
Location
Data
Recommended
Location Approximate
Distance
Downstream
(miles)
Comments
Data
Collection
In Situ - Pipe in
Center of
Rhodhiss Road Channeland Wireless
Temperature
Bridge Instruments
Telemetry to
1 Dissolved Downstream of 0.35 Mounted on Station
Oxygen Rhodhiss Hydro Bridge Computer
(NCDOT
approval
required)
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Approximate
Map Recommended Distance Data
Location Data Location Downstream Comments Collection
(miles)
Reservoir Rhodhiss Current Device Wired to
2 n/a on the Intake Station
Levels Forebay Structure Computer
Device Location Rationale
The previous water quality monitoring site was located on the south corner on the downstream
side of the powerhouse. That site adequately represented the water quality of the turbine now
when all the units were identical, however, the turbine venting tests (Duke Energy, 2005a),
indicated that this location was not representative of the combined flows from units with
differing aeration capability. Therefore, the monitor should be moved to the center of the river
channel at the downstream bridge (Location 1). The bridge not only provides an existing
structure to place the water quality monitor in the center of the channel, but this site represents
the water quality conditions of any combination of hydro unit flows (Duke Energy, 2005a). This
site is accessible under all Project flows, and may provide a rapid response at the station to water
quality conditions. Security from vandals may be a slight concern at this site.
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Fi ure 7 Oxford Water Quality Monitoring Location
E
f
.r
Proposed Flow
Valve Monitor
Reservoir Level
Monitor
0
r
P
r
V
Proposed
USGS type
Staff gage
94.
1
1 ,
b 1
1 *0
...
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)
In Situ - Pipe
South

Highway 16 Channel and
Wireless
Temperature
Bridge Instruments
Telemetry to
1 Dissolved Downstream of 0.15 Mounted on Station
Oxygen Oxford Hydro Bridge Computer
(NCDOT
approval
required)
Minimum Flow sensor Wireless
2 Continuous Oxford Dam 0
00 at flow Telemetry to
Flows . release valve Station
Computer
Recreational Staff Gage for
Flows Riverbend Park USGS-Type Visual and
3
Project Hourly 0.30
Plate Gage Turbine

Flows Generation
Records
Current Wired to
4 Reservoir Oxford Forebay n/a Device on Station
Levels the Intake Computer
Structure
Device Location Rationale
An aerating flow valve will be designed to supply and measure a constant minimum continuous
flow in the downstream channel (Location 2). A sensor in the discharge pipe or valve, calibrated
for flow, will provide a continuous reading of the flow being released into the river channel.
Since the sensor is located directly on the valve or flow pipe, which is on the dam, the sensor
should be secure from vandals. The flow valve will provide the minimum continuous flow
during periods of no hydro unit generation.
Generation and recreational flow requirements will be recorded from the generation records for
each turbine. A manually read, USGS type plate staff gage will be placed at the boat put-in at
Riverbend Park (Location 3) for independent verification.
The previous water quality-monitoring site was located in the corner of the powerhouse and
wingwall. That site adequately represented the water quality of the turbine now when all the
units were identical and prior to the recent installation of the tailrace buttresses. However, this
site would probably not be representative of the combined flows from hydro units with differing
aeration capability and the buttresses would effectively prevent Unit 2 water from reaching the
sensor when Unit 1 was generating. Therefore, the monitor should be moved to the Highway 16
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Bridge immediately downstream of the turbines (Location 1). The bridge not only provides an
existing structure to place the water quality monitor in the channel, but this site will represent the
water quality conditions of any combination of hydro unit flows. This site will be accessible
under all Project flows, and will provide a rapid response of the station to water quality
conditions. Security from vandals may be a concern at this site.
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)

Temperature In Situ - Pipe,
Wired to
1 Dissolved East Wingwall - 0
01 Monitor Station
Oxygen Tailrace . Location Computer
Unchanged
Minimum
Continuous Turbine
2 Flows n/a n/a n/a Generation
Project Hourly Records
Flows
Current Wired to
3 Reservoir Lookout n/a Device on the Station
Levels Forebay Intake Computer
Structure
Device Location Rationale
The minimum continuous flow will be provided by either one of the small auxiliary hydro units
(Location 2) during periods when the larger hydro units are not operating. The configuration of
the Lookout Shoals tailrace (large pool upstream of first downstream hydraulic control) exhibits
very little stage change with or without the auxiliary hydro unit generation. In addition, the
elevation of the tailrace is also a function of Lake Norman's reservoir level (at full pond, the
reservoir level extends upstream of the hydraulic control). Therefore, the minimum continuous
flow and hourly flow rates would be best monitored by the individual generation records of each
hydro unit at Lookout Shoals Hydro.
The previous water quality monitoring site was located on the east wingwall downstream of Unit
1. That site adequately represented the water quality of the turbine flow when all the hydro units
were identical. The nearest downstream structure to place a monitor in the center of the channel
is the I-40 Bridge which is 1.3 miles downstream. The I-40 Bridge site is strongly influenced by
Lake Norman's reservoir level, and the long travel time of the minimum flow would influence
the water quality at minimum flow. Therefore, the I-40 Bridge location is not preferred for water
quality monitoring. Since no other downstream structure exists to place a monitor in the center
of the river, the wingwall site (Location 1) represents the best logistical option available for
water quality monitoring. This wingwall site will be accessible under all Project flows, and will
provide a rapid response of the station to water quality conditions. The monitor will be secure
since it is located inside the security fence.
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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Figure 9 Cowans Ford Water

7,k-

AL

Map
Location
Data
Recommended
Location Approximate
Distance
Downstream
(miles)
Comments
Data
Collection
In Situ - Pipe
West Channel
Railroad Bridge a d Wireless
Temperature Downstream of ruments Telemetry to
1 Dissolved Cowans Ford 0.50 Mounted on Station
Oxygen Hydro
o
Bridge Computer

approval
required)
Current Wired to
2 Reservoir Cowans Ford n/a Device on Station
Levels Forebay Intake Computer
Structure
in2 Location
1W,.
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Device Location Rationale
Even though the previous monitor was placed on the tail-deck of the hydro, this location
probably represented the water quality of the released flow. However, under multi-unit
operation, the monitor would only record data from the hydro unit flows adjacent to the monitor.
In addition, security at the Cowans Ford Hydro facility is controlled by the McGuire Nuclear site
(Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidelines) and is difficult to enter when operators are not
present. This security issue limits maintenance accessibility. Therefore, the recommended site
for the future temperature and dissolved oxygen monitoring is at the railroad bridge 0.5 miles
downstream (Location 1). This site would enable the monitor to measure water quality from the
high-volume hydro unit flow as well as provide a somewhat secure and accessible site. Location
of the monitor just west of the downstream tip of the island would insure that the monitor would
be out of the influence of the wastewater discharge from McGuire Nuclear Station.
Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)

Temperature In Situ - Pipe,
Wired to

1
Dissolved Tail Deck -
0
00 Monitor
Station
Oxygen Tailrace . Location Computer
Unchanged
Current Wired to
2 Reservoir Mt. Island n/a Device on Station
Levels Forebay Intake Computer
Structure
Device Location Rationale
Even though the present monitor is on the tail-deck of the hydro (Location 1), this location
probably represents the water quality of the released flow. However, under multi-unit operation,
the monitor would only record data from the hydro unit flows adjacent to the monitor. Since no
other structure, (e.g., bridge), exists in the center of Mountain Island's tailrace, this tail-deck
location represents the best logistical location available. It is secure and provides ready access
for maintenance.
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Approxima
Map Data Recommende to Distance Comments Data
Location d Location Downstrea Collection
m (miles)
Flow-Through
Approx. '/2 System Auto
Temperature mile Calibration Wireless
1 Dissolved Downstream 0
50 Sensor (Island Telemetry to

Oxygen from Hydro . property
' Station
(pier on Ferrell owner
s Computer
Island) approval
required)
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Approxima
Map Data Recommende to Distance Comments Data
Location d Location Downstrea Collection
m (miles)
USGS Gage USGS Gage
Minimum Highway 21 0.00 (Catawba River and Turbine
2 Continuous USGS Gage 3.60 near Rock Hill, Generation
Flows SC) Records
(02146000)
Recreational USGS Gage USGS Gage
Flows Highway 21 0.00 (Catawba River and Turbine
3 Project Hourly USGS Gage 3.60 near Rock Hill, Generation
Flows SC) Records
(02146000)
Reservoir Current Device Wired to
4 Levels Wylie Forebay n/a on the Intake Station
Structure Computer
Device Location Rationale
The USGS gage at the Highway 21 Bridge (Location 2/3) is well established and will be used for
verification of minimum continuous flow, recreational flows, and hourly Project flows. In
addition, generation records will be used to supplement the USGS data.
The previous water quality-monitoring site was located in the corner of the powerhouse and
wingwall. Extensive monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Wylie tailrace was
conducted during the 2002 turbine-venting test (Duke Energy, 2005a). These results indicated
that the proposed monitoring location was the closest point to the hydro that best represented the
water quality of the multi-unit flows (Location 1). This test included detailed water quality
sampling along several downstream transects, as opposed to just at the monitoring site.
Furthermore, the Wylie tailrace is very complicated since the island immediately downstream of
the powerhouse splits the water released from the hydro. The flow, from either a single unit or
multiple unit operation, moves around the island and finally merges just upstream of the small
island across the channel from the proposed monitoring location. Use of this location is
contingent on being able to get permission for access from the property owner and on obtaining
any necessary easements. Security from vandals is of some concern at this site.
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Figure 12
r1? ? N 6?? .aA,,#

in2 Location

Map
Location
Data
Recommended
Location Approximate
Distance
Downstream
(miles)
Comments
Data
Collection
In Situ - Pipe
West Channel
Highway 97/200 and Wireless
Temperature Bridge Instruments Telemetry
1 Dissolved Downstream of 0.15 mounted on to Station
Oxygen Fishing Creek Bridge Computer
Hydro (SCDOT
approval
required)
Existing Wired
2 Reservoir Fishing Creek N/A Device to Station
Levels Forebay on the Intake Computer
Structure
Device Location Rationale
The previous water quality-monitoring site was located on the wingwall, west of the Fishing
Creek Powerhouse. That site adequately represented the water quality (temperature and
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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dissolved oxygen) of the turbine flow when all the hydro units were identical and prior to the
recent installation of the tailrace buttresses. However, this site would probably not be
representative of the combined flows from hydro units with differing aeration capability since
the flows will be directed downstream due to the newly installed buttresses. Therefore, the
monitor will be moved to the Highway 97/200 Bridge immediately downstream of the turbines
(Location 1). The bridge not only provides an existing structure to place the water quality
monitor in the channel, but this site will represent the water quality conditions of any
combination of hydro unit flows. This site is accessible under all Project flows and is in close
proximity to the station. Security from vandals may be a concern at this site.
Figure 13

Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality

Location - Diversion Dam
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Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC Catawba-Wateree Project No. 2232
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Figure 13 (cont'd)

a
Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality Monitoring Location -
Headworks _
} , y '1 1 ?psv t"°T j"W <f' t' H f d ?r??5? ,{py?'4F f R f !r .r
?r ar 1 1 ?+ Yr?+ qt _w.sf
47
4'T.?.f ;.yF !?t f X11 •6i?. ?,F"
.^r S' rvR M 2J. .ihAT
.*T Y t.: r yMt 4 ep ? ?[
K
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Great Falls-Dearborn Water Quality Monitoring Location - Main Dam

Map
Location
Data
Recommended
Location Approximate
Distance
Downstream
(miles)
Comments
Data Collection
Pressure
Sensor
calibrated to
correspond to
Bypassed Diversion Dam minimum Wireless
Reaches
Long Bypassed continuous Telemetry
Minimum Reach 0.25 mi. from flow pond to Station
1 Continuous
Downstream of Fishing Creek level. Computer
Flows
Fishing Creek Dam Pressure and
Recreational
Hydro Sensor Staff Gage for
Flows calibrated to visual
correspond to
recreational
flows and
pond level.
Bypassed Headworks 1.95 mi. from Gate Position Wireless
2 Reaches Short Bypassed Fishing Creek Sensor Telemetry
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data Collection
Location Location Downstream
(miles)
Minimum Reach Dam calibrated to to Station
Continuous Downstream of gate opening Computer
Flows Fishing Creek corresponding and
Recreational Hydro to minimum Staff Gage for
Flows continuous visual
flow.
Pressure
Sensor
calibrated to
correspond to
recreational
flows and
pond level.
Temperature Duke Bridge 0.1 mi. from Great In Situ - Pipe,
3 Dissolved Downstream of Falls - Dearborn Monitor Wired to Station
Oxygen Hydros Dam Location Computer
Unchanged
Existing Wired
4 Reservoir Great Falls NSA Device to Station
Levels Forebay on the Intake Computer
Structure
Device Location Rationale
Ideally, measurement of the minimum continuous flows and recreational flows in the Great Falls
Long and Short Bypassed Reaches would be taken directly in the respective channels. However,
the irregular channel configuration in both reaches prevents accurate flow measurements from
stage changes. In addition, the difficult access to the bypassed reaches poses substantial
personnel safety limitations to the calibration and maintenance of the gages. Therefore, the best
measurement of the flow in the bypassed reaches is at the source of the flows (Locations 1
and 2).
Although the exact design of the minimum continuous flow delivery mechanism has not been
completed, the measurement of flow will be a stage-discharge relationship between the pond
level and the flow being delivered. Continuous flow monitoring for the Long Bypass will be
located at the Great Falls Diversion Dam immediately downstream of Fishing Creek Hydro
(Location 1). The continuous flow monitoring for the Short Bypassed Reach will be provided at
the Great Falls Headworks spillway, both upstream and downstream of the headworks structure
(hence a flow measurement system upstream and downstream of the headworks) (Location 2).
Recreational flows will be provided as spill over the Great Falls Diversion Dam and the Great
Falls Headworks. Again, the water level over the spillways will be measured and stage-
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discharge equations will relate stage to flow. Manually read, new USGS type plate staff gages
will be placed at the Great Falls Diversion Dam and upstream of the Great Falls Headworks.
The previous water quality monitor mounted on the Duke Energy bridge immediately
downstream of Great Falls and Dearborn Hydros is ideally located since it is in the center of the
channel (Location 3). This position captures the water quality (temperature and dissolved
oxygen) from both hydros and is in a secure location.
14 Cedar Creek Water Quality Monitoring Locations

Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)
1 Temperature Downstream 0.00 In Situ - Pipe, Wired to
Dissolved Face of Cedar Monitor Station
Oxygen Creek Location Computer
Powerhouse Unchanged
2 Reservoir Cedar Creek n/a Current Wired to
Levels Forebay Device on the Station
Intake Computer
Structure
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Device Location Rationale
The previous water quality monitor is located in the center of the Cedar Creek tailrace. It was
mounted directly on the powerhouse. Since the hydro units at Cedar Creek were identical, the
temperature and dissolved oxygen monitor adequately measured the water quality released from
Cedar Creek Powerhouse (Location 1).
The water quality of the Cedar Creek hydro flow represents the overall tailrace water quality
since:
Cedar Creek Powerhouse flow is significantly greater than Rocky Creek Powerhouse
flow and dominates the downstream flow (capacity of Cedar Creek units is three times
the capacity of the Rocky Creek units).
Rocky Creek Hydro is operated infrequently; it is operated only after Cedar Creek
Reservoir pond level cannot be maintained by Cedar Creek Hydro (three Units at Cedar
Creek).
Both hydros draw water from the same forebay and the water quality is similar.
Thus, no water quality monitoring device is necessary at the Rocky Creek Hydro. Unlike Great
Falls-Dearborn, there is no structure downstream of Cedar Creek Powerhouse to mount a water
quality monitor in the center of the channel.
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Monitoring Locations

Map
Location
Data
Recommended
Location Approximate
Distance
Downstream
(miles)
Comments
Data
Collection
1 Temperature West Platform - 0.02 Probably Flow- Wired to
Dissolved Tailrace Through System Station
Oxygen Auto Calibration Computer
Sensor
2 Minimum Highway 1/601 7.4 USGS Gage USGS Gage
Continuous USGS Gage (Wateree River and Turbine
Flows near Camden, Generation
SC) Records
(02148000)
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Approximate
Map Data Recommended Distance Comments Data
Location Location Downstream Collection
(miles)
3 Recreational Highway 1/601 7.4 USGS Gage USGS Gage
Flows USGS Gage (Wateree River and Turbine
Project Hourly near Camden, Generation
Flows SC) Records
(02148000)
4 Reservoir Wateree n/a Current Device Wired to
Levels Forebay on the Intake Station
Structure Computer
Device Location Rationale
The USGS gage at Highway 1/601(Location 2/3) is well-established and will be used for
verification of minimum continuous flow, recreational flows, and hourly Project flows.
Generation records will be used to supplement the USGS data.
The Wateree tailrace is a relatively simple channel, with the flows from the various hydro units
moving directly downstream. However, the tailrace does not lend itself to simple water quality
monitoring due to the various aeration capabilities of the individual hydro units and subsequent
multi-unit flow patterns (Duke Energy, 2005a). Moving the monitor location downstream to
capture a multi-unit flow is not an option because, at flows greater than provided by 2-3 unit
operations, a significant volume of water flows out of the main channel to the east within a few
hundred yards of the powerhouse.
The existing monitor location (Location 1) was built to extend a short distance into the tailrace
with the goal of better measurements than at the face of the powerhouse. The existing monitor
location is the best logistical location available to measure water quality because no structure
exists in the center of the channel, nor is the east side of the channel a viable option because that
area is heavily used by fisherman (creating damage and security issues) and is prone to flooding
and further potential damage or loss.
The next available location at the Highway 1/601 Bridge is not suitable because of its distance
from the Powerhouse and the presence of aquatic plants and shoals between the Powerhouse and
bridge that significantly influence the DO levels.
B2.0 Sampling Methods
All dissolved oxygen and temperature data will be measured in situ using a submerged MS5
Hach Multiprobe. The instrument will be calibrated in the laboratory using Standard Operating
Procedure (SOP) # 3210.3 (Appendix A, also see Section B7) and placed in a standpipe attached
to a permanent structure. The MS5 will be powered by an external power source and the data
transmitted to the station computer. The temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration is
measured and updated every 15 minutes (continuous data collection at 15-minute intervals). The
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data are available in real-time for operational decisions regarding aeration as well as stored in a
database for future operating and reporting requirements.
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Figure 16 System Overview - this configuration will be installed at each hydro facility
Located in the Tailrace
Lightening Rod
Dashed Lines Indicate
the Field Validation
Instrument Used to
Periodically Validate the
Accuracy and the Need
to Replace the Tailrace
Monitor
Po 12wu
Supper
ly
i
i
i
Field
,Data Logger) --
i
Underwater Cable -i
i
i
Freshly Calibrated
Field Validation
Instrument
SCADA
Wave
Radio
Located at the Hydro
Station
SCADA Operation
Wave Computer
Radio
-Underwater Cable
Perforated Standpipe
Deployed Tailrace
Water Quality Monitor
i
i
u
Located in Charlotte
(Hydro Central)
Programs for:
• Operational Decisions
• Compliance Reporting
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Component Description
Tailwater Water Quality Monitor (see Sections A4, A5, A6, and A7 for SOP'S)
The DO sensor utilizes the most current, practical technology to measure dissolved oxygen.
A luminescence quenching sensor (Hach LDO®) will be used to measure dissolved oxygen.
This type of sensor is the latest technology that drastically reduces the frequency of
maintenance and calibration of the DO electrode (contrasted to the traditional Clark Cell).
The monitor also has a temperature sensor. The monitor has a Modbus communication
protocol for direct connection to the SCADA wave radio (no additional programming is
necessary).
Perforated Standpipe
This 6-inch diameter, PVC pipe is attached to a structure (concrete wall, bridge piling, etc.)
to provide a permanent housing for the sensor. This pipe, perforated on the lower end,
allows free exchange of water and protects the sensor and cables from physical damage,
vandalism, and lightening.
Tailwater Sensor Cables (see Section 136)
Standard, off-the-shelf, cables are supplied by the sensor vendor. These cables allow power
to be supplied to the instrument as well as data transmittal to the SCADA wave radio. Each
cable end has a specified fitting for the designated mated end. These cables were chosen (in
lieu of custom fabrication of wiring components) to allow rapid troubleshooting and
replacement (if necessary).
Solar Powered Battery, 12 v (see Section 136)
A solar panel will recharge the battery, which supplies power to SCADA wave radio and
sensors.
SCADA Wave Radio
This is the standard Duke radio link to send and receive data. The SCADA radio transfers
data from remote sensors to the station computer. Line of sight clearance is required between
radio links.
Station Computer
The tailrace water quality monitoring data is received by the current operating program at all
Catawba Hydros, which receive sensor input (all plant sensors) and displays the readings.
The tailrace water quality monitoring data is integrated into plant operations and is part of the
display utilized by operators. In addition, the station computer serves as a backup storage for
the data.
PI (Plant Information) Database (see Section B 10)
This is the database currently used by Duke for storing all generation data from all facilities.
PI has the ability to record and store data at specified intervals. Standard software extracts
data from PI to be used in display formats for operators and/or reporting.
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Data validation is discussed in Sections 135 and D2. The averaging methods of the 15-minute
data are discussed in Section B I.
Duke Energy Environmental Laboratories, located at the McGuire Nuclear site, will provide the
support facilities (chemical inventories, equipment parts storage, back-up equipment, etc.).
Tailrace Monitor problems, troubleshooting, and corrective action are discussed in Section A7.
B3.0 Sample Handling and Custody
No samples will be collected, transported, or stored since all dissolved oxygen and water
temperature measurements will be measured and recorded in situ.
B4.0 Analytical Methods
No samples will be collected; therefore, laboratory analyses of samples are not needed. However,
instrument maintenance and calibration will be performed in the laboratory and discussed in
Sections 136 and 137, respectively.
B5.0 Quality Control
In addition to the general quality control protocols regarding calibrations discussed in the Duke
SOP # 3210.3 (Appendix A), two major quality control activities are conducted during this
project to measure the performance of the various MS5 multiprobes. The first major quality
control activity is to determine the precision of dissolved oxygen measurements between
instruments and the bias associated with those measurements. This precision is measured
between all instruments prior to the field season and is used as the criteria to delineate monitor
replacement (see Section 137.4). The second major quality control activity tracks the differences
in dissolved oxygen measurements between a freshly calibrated field validation instrument and
deployed tailrace monitors. The tracking of the mean difference and upper and lower control
limits (see Appendix B for example quality control chart) are used to evaluate frequency of
monitor validation, procedural changes, and water quality variability influencing monitor
behavior.
B5.1 Annual Determination of Precision and Bias
¦ In the laboratory, all of the instruments to be used for the field season are to be tested. At
a minimum, 22 instruments are available for use during the monitoring season.
¦ Each instrument to be used for the tailrace monitoring is calibrated to water saturated air
as described in SOP 3210.3 (Appendix A)
¦ After calibration, all instruments are placed in a tank3 containing water about 80%
saturated with DO.
z Temperature tolerances are given in Standard Operating Procedure 3210.3; temperature checks, both routine and
annual tests are part of the SOP and are not discussed further (see Section B6).
3 The calibration tank is fitted with submersible pumps to circulate the water in both horizontal and vertical patterns.
Gas dispersion stones are placed on the bottom of the tank to allow for either nitrogen gas introduction (to purge
oxygen from the water) or oxygen addition (to add oxygen to the water). By controlling the gas flow from either
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¦ After the instruments have equilibrated to tank conditions, the DO readings from all the
instruments are recorded. The dissolved oxygen concentration is then adjusted to a new
target DO concentration4 by bubblings an oxygen free gas, e.g. nitrogen to reduce the
oxygen, or by bubbling a gas with oxygen, e.g. compressed air or oxygen, to increase the
DO level. After the new target concentration is reached, and after the instruments have
equilibrated, the DO readings from all the instruments are recorded. This process is
repeated until all target concentrations were sampled.
¦ Any instruments not within a 95 % confidence interval (simple t-test)6, are rejected and
either repaired or returned to the manufacturer (any new instrument received during the
monitoring season will be subjected to the precision calculations prior to use).
¦ The precision (measured as ± 2 times the standard deviation about the mean equals the
95% confidence interval) and bias (measured as difference from zero) of dissolved
oxygen recordings are calculated over the tested range of dissolved oxygen. These
statistical limits set the expected range of the differences between Field Validation
Instrument readings and the Tailrace Monitor reading if the Tailrace monitor remains
calibrated (further discussed in Section B7.4). If the field measurements exceed the
upper or lower control limits, the tailrace monitor should be replaced.
B5.2 Routine Tracking of Tailrace Monitor Performance
Interval Tracking Charts (see Appendix B for an example Tracking chart) will be used to
evaluate the performance (accuracy - measured as the oxygen concentration of the deployed
monitor compared to a Field Validation Instrument) of the deployed tailrace monitor for any
given tailrace, for any given procedural change, for any given criteria used in the documentation
process.
¦ Routine calculation at each tailrace - calculate the mean and ± 2 times the standard
deviation about the mean of the last 4 tailrace monitor dissolved oxygen differences. Plot
the mean and upper and lower 95% confidence interval.
¦ Evaluate improvements in the program methodology by tracking the trend of the mean
towards zero and a narrowing of the confidence interval.
B6.0 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance (discussed in SOP)
The Field Monitoring Manager is responsible for establishing the proper procedures for testing,
inspection, and maintenance of all water quality instruments. The procedures will include a
thorough evaluation of instrument performance including instrument response times to large
source, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the tank may be altered without changing the chemical properties of
the water.
4 Minimal tank DO concentrations must include conditions at or near saturation, and also concentrations that are in
the range of 0 to 2 mg/L, 2 to 4 mg/L, and 4-6 mg/1.
s Unlike adding a chemical reducing agent, bubbling a gas does not change the chemical properties of the test water
6 t-test : for each instrument, the mean and standard deviation will be determined at each concentration tested for all
of the other instruments. The confidence interval of the mean will be determined as - tO.OS• s < x < tO.OS• s, where x =
mean, s = standard deviation, and tO.OS = tO.OS value at N-1 degrees of freedom (available in statistical tables for two-
tailed t-test). N = number of instruments used for the test At a given concentration, if the instrument reading is
outside this confidence interval, the instrument is removed from service.
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concentration differences. Section B8.0 provides a list of spare parts that should be maintained
for immediate requirements to repair critical functions.
Records will be maintained for each instrument (tracked by serial number) for repairs, sensor
replacements, battery replacements, response times, and factory repair over the lifetime of the
instrument. All maintenance and servicing of instruments will be recorded by the Field Staff in a
maintenance logbook and in an established electronic format.
An instrument will be considered ready for use in the field if the instrument performs as
described in the SOP (Appendix A).
B6.1 Annual and Routine Maintenance
¦ Annual maintenance - to be performed prior to field season
o Replace the internal lithium battery in each instrument (Hach, 2005)
o Replace the LDO sensor cap (Hach, 2005)
o Protect and lubricate Electrical cables (Hach, 2005)
o Clean Standpipe with rope, chain, and swabbing cloth
o Test and verify internal logging capability
o Document replacements on Instrument Maintenance Form
¦ Routine Maintenance (Immediately after Monitor Replacement)
o Clean the Multiprobe housing using a clean brush, soap, and water (protect the
sensors with the calibration cup), rinse the instrument with clean tap water (no
more than 50 °C)
o Clean sensors with soap and water, rinse with clean tap water, rinse with
ethanol or isopropyl alcohol (as necessary) to remove residual grease, rinse
with clean tap water
o Store with calibration cup containing pH 4 buffer at room temperature (z
20°C)
B6.2 Annual Temperature Testing, Prior to Field Season
¦ Refer to SOP # 3210.3 for annual temperature testing
¦ If the instrument fails the test, it is returned to Hach for repair
¦ Document test on Instrument Maintenance Form
B6.3 Annual Dissolved Oxygen Testing, Prior to Field Season
¦ Refer to Section B5 to establish Precision Limits
¦ If the instrument oxygen concentrations are significantly different than the others, it is
returned to Hach for repair
¦ Document test on Instrument Maintenance Form
B7.0 Instrument/Equipment Calibration and Frequency
In addition to the initial calibration of the instruments, this section also details the process of
validation of the accuracy of the deployed tailrace monitor and, if necessary, replacement of the
deployed instrument with a freshly calibrated and programmed monitor.
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B7.1 Calibration of MS5 Multiprobes
¦ The number of instruments to be calibrated is equal to the number of tailrace monitors
checked during one day
¦ In the laboratory, within 24 hours prior to calibration checks, calibrate each instrument
according to Standard Operating Procedure # 3210.3 (Operating Procedure for the
Hydrolab water quality analyzers, Appendix A)
o Set the instrument to GPS time (also cell phone time)
o Dissolved oxygen will be air calibrated (# 3210.3, Section 2.2)
o Temperature readings will be checked (# 3210.3, Section 6.2)
¦ Complete the modified Field Sampling Calibration Data Form for calibration
documentation
B7.2 Transport and Storage of Calibrated Instruments to Tailrace
¦ After calibration, place '/2 inch of de-ionized water in the calibration cup of each
instrument. Seal the calibration cup to the MS5 multiprobe for transport
¦ Each instrument shall be placed in an insulated container for transport
¦ The instruments (in their insulated containers) should be kept out of direct sunlight while
being transported
B7.3 Field Check of Field Validation Instrument
¦ Select one calibrated MS5 multiprobe to check the tailrace monitor
¦ Set-up the instrument for a water-saturated air calibration as per SOP # 3210.3
¦ From the temperature, dissolved oxygen mg/l, and the barometric pressure, calculate the
percent saturation; if the resultant % sat is greater than 97% and less than 104 % (ASTM,
2005), calibration is verified and may be used to check the tailrace monitor's accuracy.
¦ Document all activities on the modified Field Sampling Calibration Data Form
B7.4 Check and Document Tailrace Monitor Accuracy
¦ Connect to the Tailrace monitor, check the MS5 multiprobe time. If the monitor's
internal clock is different from GPS time (cell phone time; to the nearest minute), re-set
the monitor time.
¦ Lower the Field Validation Instrument so it is adjacent to the Deployed Tailrace Monitor,
after readings have stabilized from the Field Validation Instrument, record the dissolved
oxygen concentration from both the Field Validation Instrument and the Tailrace
Monitor, and calculate the concentration difference. If the difference is less than the
established precision (see Section 135), document the difference on the Field Sampling
Calibration Data Form and continue using the same tailrace monitor.
¦ If the concentration difference is greater than the established precision, replace the
tailrace monitor with a freshly calibrated monitor.
¦ Refer to Section D 1 for a discussion of raw data that will be flagged as a result of monitor
validation
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B7.5 Back-up File? for Tailrace Monitor
¦ Program the tailrace monitor for an internal logging file to record the temperature,
dissolved oxygen, and battery voltage at 15-minute intervals with a stop date of at least a
month from the present time.
¦ If present in the internal memory, download the previous back-up file set-up at an earlier
date. Back-up file is stored on the dedicated field storage database.
Quality control charts shall be used to record all sensor validations (see Section 135). These
charts shall be available for individual instruments and individual hydros.
Field validations will be conducted approximately every two weeks for the first monitoring
season. Future field validation intervals will be evaluated by using the Quality Control charts
and presented, discussed, and recommendations made for the following field season in the
annual monitoring report.
B8.0 Inspection/Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables
The Field Monitoring Manager approves all orders for supplies required for instrument
maintenance and calibration. The supplies are listed in the SOP and, Table 5 Lists the minimum
spare parts to have on hand for equipment repair. Upon receipt, all supplies will be inspected for
damage. All supplies and equipment ordered will be stored and documented in accordance with
Duke's Material and Chemical Inventory and approved through Duke's supply and chemical
approval process.
Table 5. Minimum Available Spare Parts for Equipment Repair
Hydrolab internal lithium batteries
Hydrolab LDO sensor caps
Hydrolab sensor guards
Hydrolab calibration cups
Hydrolab 10-meter underwater cable
Hydrolab power cable
12 v Battery for power supply
Scada Radio
B9.0 Non-Direct Measurements
Measurement data not obtained directly under the WQMP and this QAPP, including hydro plant
generating data, reservoir elevation data, National Weather Service weather data, and/or U. S.
Geological Survey (USGS) gage stream flow data, may be used in the annual report to identify
' This file is created as a back-up system in the event that communication and/or power are lost from the SCADA
wave radio to the station computer. The station computer would serve as a data back-up in the event that the link
between the station computer and the Pi database was lost.
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instances that would aid operators in future aeration applications. These data may also help
identify continuous improvement procedures.
These data, collected by regulatory and/or other governmental agencies, may be used and
considered as valid data since these agencies have independent QA/QC programs. Catawba-
Wateree Project generation data will be acquired through Duke Energy's Hydro Fleet
Operations.
B10.0 Data Management
The continuous DO and water temperature data are collected and monitored on a real time basis.
As the sensor detects the concentrations, the data is automatically transmitted to the PI data
system via the station computer. The PI SystemTM (www.OSIsoft.com) ) has been used by
Duke Energy for over 15 years to manage the operational and environmental data gathered from
many different sources in the electrical generating stations (hydro, fossil, and nuclear). In
addition to electrical generation applications, the PI System, considered the industry standard in
enterprise infrastructure, is used for management of time series data and events across
manufacturing, energy, utilities, life sciences, data centers and process industries. Currently, the
PI System has more than 14,000 installations across these varied disciplines.
The process brings the data from the sensors into a single system that can deliver it to users at all
levels of the company. The PI System provides real-time management, retrieval and archiving of
volumes of data. In addition, the system keeps all critical operating data online and available in
a specialized time-series database so the data is always available.
The PI System functionality incorporates many features for analyzing, contextualizing, and
visualizing real-time PI data. This PI System uses software developed by OSI that provides the
following:
¦ Displays real-time data in intervals specified for specific applications. It also provides a
graphics package that enables users to create dynamic, interactive graphical displays.
¦ DataLink establishes a direct connection between the PI System and Microsoft Excel to
create and publish reports and perform complex data analysis.
¦ PI Notifications provides access to the configuration, management, delivery,
acknowledgement, and visualization of notifications.
The PI database provides for permanent records storage while the station computer temporarily
stores the data should the transfer link to the PI system fail. Once in the PI data system, the data,
is provided to Duke's Hydro Operations Center real-time (see Section A6.2 Table 3, B2
Figure 3).
The protocol for data transmission, storage, and retrieval is controlled by the Plant Information
(PI) database management team (see Section A4). Data files are stored for the duration of the
project on the PI data server, which is backed up electronically on a daily basis.
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GROUP C - ASSESSMENT AND OVERSIGHT
C1.0 Assessment and Response Actions
The Duke Field Monitoring Manager will verify laboratory certification renewal schedules and
maintain certification as required. In addition, the Duke Field Monitoring Manager will review
and verify field monitoring quality assurance activities including documentation of performance
of field procedures, data back-up, back-up data logging, monitor replacement, monitor status
(including callouts), and any other notes impacting the quality of the data. The Field Monitoring
Manager will observe the field techniques of the Field Staff at periodic intervals throughout the
monitoring season. Any issues with technique will be corrected at that time and documented in
the appropriate field logbook.
The Field Monitoring Manager and the Duke EHS QA Officer will conduct a field sampling
technical system audit prior to the monitoring season. The audit will review current QAPP
requirements for sampling, instrumentation, calibration, tracking, and data management
activities, especially noting any potential changes to the QAPP.
The Duke EHS QA Officer provides oversight through the review of the QA/QC records
generated for the continuous DO and water temperature monitoring program.
The Duke Hydro Generation Data Processing / QA Manager will review any corrections or
revisions to data files and any subsequent documentation in the QA/QC file. In addition, an
annual review of the QAPP will be performed for accuracy and /or changes identified from past
audits.
The Duke Project Manager will review the QAPP prior to the field season and verify its
applicability and accuracy.
A summary of these activities is presented in Table 6.
C2.0 Reports to Management
The process for reporting significant issues will follow a chain of command structure. All
project managers will report problems, documents, and audit results to the Duke Project Manager
for problem resolution and corrections.
The Duke Project Manager will receive annual reports, copies of logbooks, and calibration forms
for review and will ensure that these records are maintained in a designated QA/QC file. Project
Manager will report to Duke Management will be made as requested.
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Table 6 Summary of Project Assessment Activities
Assessment Activity Frequency Responsibility
Duke Field Monitoring Manager
SC DHEC Office of Environmental
Laboratory Certification SCDHEC and Laboratory Certification
NCDWQ NC Division of Water Quality, Office
schedules of Environmental Laboratory
Certification.
Field Sampling Technical System Annually, Prior to Duke Field Monitoring Manager
Audit Monitoring Season
Interim Procedure Assessment Twice during Field Monitoring Manager
Monitoring Season
Once during
Monitoring Season
Review of Field Monitoring And EHS QA Officer
QA/QC Records Prior to Annual
Report
Once during
Review of PI Database Monitoring Season Hydro Generation
Compliance Documentation And Data Processing / QA Manager
QA/QC Records Prior to Annual
Report
Review of QAPP Annually, Prior to Duke Project Manager
(documenting any changes) Monitoring Season
GROUP D - DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY
DI.O Data Review, Verification, and Validation
The major purpose of the dissolved oxygen enhancements in the Catawba-Wateree Hydro
tailraces is to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration to at least state water quality
standards. Critical to this objective is real-time dissolved oxygen data available to the operators
to enable a quick response to low DO concentrations by adding oxygen via turbine aeration. A
secondary objective is data reporting and QC documentation to ensure compliance with
standards and procedures. Therefore, pursuant to the primary objective, the operators must
initially assume the data to be valid in order to make real-time aeration decisions. If questions
arise, the operators may request that the monitor readings should be validated (see Section A7).
However, for purposes of reporting tailrace temperatures and oxygen concentrations, the data
stored in the PI database will be reviewed and validated by the Field Manager for annual
reporting. No data will be considered as invalid and rejected from analysis, but rather data will
be flagged if (1) the monitor was found not to be responding, (2) the deployed monitor DO
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concentrations exceeded the established performance criteria (see Section A7 and 135). The
actual performance of the tailrace sensor is validated and documented either by the routine
checks (see Section B) or by non-routine call-outs requested by the operators (see Section A7).
If data were missing, the database available for the annual report would have data from the
backup files replacing the missing values. In addition, in the case of the monitor exceeding the
performance criteria, the original PI data would be flagged as exceeding the precision criteria
and presented along with the data adjusted for the difference between the Field Validation
Instrument and the deployed monitor.
In addition, hourly averages (15-minute data averaged from the beginning to the end of an hour)
will eliminate periodic transients (electrode spikes, very short periods of low oxygen
concentrations during initial unit start-up and other short transients in water quality. The
frequency and magnitude of transients will be reviewed as part of the data analysis for the annual
report.
D2.0 Verification and Validation Methods
D2.1 Data Verification
The Field Monitoring Manager, or a qualified QA/QC Auditor appointed by the Field
Monitoring Manager, will perform an annual (after the field monitoring season) self-assessment
of the QA program to ensure the QA/QC records are complete and accountable. These
assessments are based primarily on the field data sheets, maintenance records, interval tracking
charts, and back-up files provided by the Field Staff. The self-assessment results will be
documented and provided to the Duke EHS QA Manager for the project QA/QC files. Any
corrective actions, as required, will be implemented and documented. The Field Monitoring
Manager shall review these actions and provide recommendations to the Project Manager for
potential revisions to the program and revisions to the procedures and/or QAPP.
After each field season, the Hydro Operations Manager shall review the process of obtaining
information from the PI database, obtaining the field monitoring data as needed, the process of
call-outs, the information needed to assess monitor performance, and non-compliance trends (if
any). The self-assessment results will be documented and provided to the Duke Hydro
Generation QA Manager and the Duke Data Processor manager for evaluation. Any corrective
actions, as required, will be implemented and documented. The Hydro Operations Manager shall
review these actions and provide recommendations to the Project Manager for potential revisions
to the program and revisions to the procedures and/or QAPP.
The Duke Project Manager will ensure coordination of activities, data processing, data review,
and revisions to the program between EHS and Hydro Generation.
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D2.2 Data Validation
PI Database (see Section B 10)
Throughout the monitoring season, the Duke Data Processor Manager will periodically transfer a
sample of data from the PI system to spreadsheets designed to perform provisional data
summaries and trend analysis. The PI data will be compared to the back-up data retrieved from
the tailrace monitors (see Section B7.5) by checking for missed data, data that does not match for
the same time stamp, and hourly and daily averages calculated in PI and manually calculated in
the spreadsheet. If errors are found in the PI database, the source of the problem shall be
immediately investigated by the Duke Data Processor Manager. Documentation of the data
comparison shall be retained in the QA records.
Calibration Checks
The Field Monitoring Manager shall check and validate the calculation for percent saturation
used by the Field Monitoring Staff for the calibration checks of the MS5 multiprobe while in the
field (see Section B7.3).
Limits of Precision
Prior to the field season, the Field Monitoring Manager will review the test data to determine the
instrument precision criteria, approval of the Field Monitoring Manager will be documented and
retained in the EHS QA records.
Annual Report Database
At the end of the field season, the Field Monitoring Manager will provide the Duke Project
Manager a copy of the final annual database. This database will include all hourly and daily
averages, as determined from the PI database as a primary source, with calibration data points,
and any flagged data resulting from monitor errors. In addition, data missing from the PI
database will be added to the final annual database from the back-up files. The Field Monitoring
Manager will transfer the final annual database, all supporting calibration forms and field
records, maintenance records, and instrument precision measurements to the Duke Project
Manager prior to writing the annual report.
Throughout the entire monitoring season, the database is archived systematically to ensure no
loss of data and to guarantee database integrity. At the end of the field monitoring season, all
forms, original data, and the database will be archived in electronic format on digital media; and
stored in an electronic storage format as well as by the Duke Project Manager.
D3.0 Reconciliation with User Requirements
As mentioned in Section D1, data collected during the Catawba-Wateree Compliance Monitoring
program will be used by hydro operations personnel to comply with the requirements of the 401
Water Quality Certification and the FERC license, provide water quality data for reporting
compliance and/or non-compliance events to appropriate agencies, and conduct on-going
evaluations regarding equipment performance and operational guidelines.
To minimize operator errors, the real time data will be available in the Hydro Operating Center,
which will be displayed with real-time computation of hourly and daily average DO values. The
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real time presentation allows for quick identification of instrument and or operational issues with
the data and allows for immediate problem identification and resolution. Additionally, dissolved
oxygen data is not collected with the intention of cause-and-effect analysis, nor to make
correlations with lake or station operations; but used for determination of compliance to state
water quality standards. The uncertainty of the data is correlated with the accuracy of the
dissolved oxygen monitor, which the primary focus of the decision is making process.
In the event that anomalies are found in the data, the Duke Project Manager will review the field
notes taken by the Field Monitoring Manager and look for storm events or unusual watershed
conditions and assess their effects on data.
Data collected for each monitoring season will be put in report form and provided to NCDWQ,
SCDHEC, Duke Energy, and FERC, as well as archived in the PI system. Any anomalies and
analysis for any peaks or changes in data throughout the year will be documented in the reports
provided by the Field Manager to the Duke Project Manager. Any field monitoring
modifications will be considered only after consultation with NCDWQ/SCDHEC.
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REFERENCES
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. D888-05, Standard Test Methods
for Dissolved Oxygen in Water. ASTM. West Consholocken, PA.
Duke Energy. 2005a. Catawba Hydros - Existing Aeration Capability and Downstream Aeration
Tests, Technical Report Series, Catawba-Wateree License. FERC No. 2232, Charlotte,
NC.
Duke Energy. 2006. Catawba-Wateree Project FERC # 2232 Application for New
License Exhibit E Water Quantity, Quality, and Aquatic Resources, Study Reports.
Duke Energy. Charlotte, NC.
Hach Environmental. 2005. Instruction Sheet, Hach LDOTM Sensor. Hach Environmental Corp.,
Loveland, CO.
Knight, Jon, 2003. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations and Water Temperature from Bridgewater
Hydroelectric Station. Duke Power Company.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance
Project Plans. EPA QA/R-5, EPA/240/B-01/003. USEPA, Office of Environmental
Information, Washington D.C.
Wagner, R. J., H. C. Mattraw, G. F. Ritz, and R. A. Smith. 2000. Guidelines and Standard
Procedures for Continuous Water-Quality Monitors: Site Selection, Field Operation,
Calibration, Record Computation, and Reporting. U. S. Geological Survey, Water-
Resources Investigations Report 00=4252. Reston, Virginia.
53
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A-QAPP
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR IN SITU
HACH MS5 MULTIPROBE
PROCEDURE 3210.3
OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR THE HYDROLAB WATER QUALITY
ANALYZERS
1. INTRODUCTION
A. Purpose
This procedure applies to groundwater, surface water, and domestic and industrial
wastewaters. Parameters measured depend on instrument-specific set-up and
monitoring requirements. Routine measurement capabilities, including temperature,
B. Summary of Method
1. General Capabilities
Hydrolab instruments may be deployed in either attended or unattended mode.
Deployment in attended mode requires the instrument be cabled to either a
Hydrolab display unit (e.g., Surveyor 4) or a field-portable computer running
appropriate communications software. In unattended mode, Hydrolab instruments
are programmed to log data into internal memory at user-specified intervals. Data
are subsequently downloaded to a Hydrolab display unit (e.g., Surveyor 4) or
more typically, a field-portable computer after the Hydrolab sonde is retrieved.
The instruments may be configured either for waterbody surface sampling and/or
vertical water column profiling from a boat or platform, moored to a buoy or
other stationary object (unattended mode), or configured with a flow-through cell
for groundwater monitoring or similar applications. Maximum depth for
deployment is typically 100 m (consult individual instrument and/or sensor
specifications in operator manuals for further details).
NOTE: In the event Hydrolab instruments are to be used to collect reportable
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) compliance data,
instrument measurement subsystems (including, as applicable, temperature, DO
pH, and specific conductance) shall be calibrated on no less than a daily basis,
using the techniques described herein.
dissolved oxygen (DO), percent dissolved oxygen saturation, pH, specific
conductance oxidation-reduction potential (redox or ORP) and depth are covered in
this procedure. Additional parameters, including, salinity, total dissolved gas, light
transmissivity turbidity chlorophyll a and a variety of ion-selective parameters (i.e.,
ammonium nitrate and chloride) are not included in the procedure but are described
in specific instrument manuals and other relevant references.
3210.3
A-1
Nominal specifications for measurement performance of the subsystems may
differ slightly between instrument models and subsystem upgrades. The user
should consult the specific instrument manual or applicable product literature in
determining applicable parameter measurement specifications for each Hydrolab
instrument.
2. Measurement Subsystems
2.1 Temperature Subsystem
A thermistor is mounted in the sensor probe. Resistance to an electrical
current transmitted through this thermistor changes with temperature. The
thermistor output is transmitted through a Wheatstone bridge and converted
to a linear temperature-proportional signal displayed in degrees Celsius.
The temperature subsystem is checked with each use at a single temperature,
and annually at a series of temperatures, against an NIST-traceable
thermometer. There are no provisions for user adjustments to the
temperature subsystem, which is factory calibrated. No specific
interferences have been encountered with this subsystem.
It is recommended that Hydrolab temperature analyses be determined only
in-situ, or with the use of a flow-through cell (e.g., for groundwater
applications). Measurement of temperature from discrete samples is not
recommended because it introduces an additional and possibly substantial
error associated with heat transfer between the sample water, the collection
device and Hydrolab sonde.
2.2 Dissolved Oxygen Subsystem
The DO subsystem DataSonde 4a or MiniSonde Series 4a and earlier
Hydrolab instruments incorporates a membrane-covered, passive Clark
polarographic cell. The cell consists of two electrodes (an outer, gold
cathode and an inner, silver anode), and a small cylindrical electrolyte-filled
cavity, which is sealed with a gas-permeable membrane. Voltage is applied
between the two electrodes so that the cathode is about 800 mV negative
Ile with respect to the anode. When the cell is energized, all molecular oxygen
inside the electrode is electrochemically reduced at the cathode (02 + 4e
20 consuming molecular oxygen in the cell, and reducing the cell's
internal partial pressure of oxygen to zero. If the oxygen partial pressure
outside the cell is not zero, oxygen will diffuse through the membrane into
the cell at a rate proportional to the external (i.e., sample) partial pressure.
As the diffusing oxygen is reduced at the cathode, a current is generated in
the cathode-anode circuit that is proportional to the diffusion rate and
therefore, to the partial pressure of oxygen outside the cell. Two thermistors
3210.3
A-2
are mounted in the DO probe. One thermistor corrects for the difference in
membrane permeability due to temperature. Signals from the second
thermistor are used to calculate a DO solubility coefficient for the sample
water. The coefficient and sample water partial pressure are multiplied to
obtain the DO concentration in mg/L.
The DO subsystem on DataSonde 5 and MiniSonde Series 5 and later
Hydrolab instruments incorporates a luminescent sensing probe (LDO
sensor). The luminescent DO sensor's optical components consist of a pair
of blue and red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a silicon photodetector.
The LDO sensor cap is coated with a platinum-based luminophor that is
excited by the light from the blue LED. The luminophor is coated on the
outside with a carbon black polystyrene layer for optical insulation,
providing protection against photobleaching from external light sources
when the sensor cap is attached to the sensor. The blue excitation LED is
sinusoidally modulated at a frequency related to the luminophor's
luminescence period and the upper and lower periods of analytical interest.
The measured parameter of interest from the LDO electrode is the phase
delay (time delay) between the exciting blue LED signal and the detected
red emission from the luminophor, with the phase delay inversely related to
the amount of dissolved oxygen in the surrounding water. The blue and red
LEDs are alternatively switched between measurement cycles, allowing the
red LED to provide an internal reference for the optical and electronic signal
paths. This internal reference provides measurement stability by correcting
for temperature or time-induced changes in the phase measurement
electronics.
The DO subsystem can be calibrated in water vapor-saturated air, or in
water with a known DO concentration as determined by the modified-azide
Winkler method. Care must be taken to ensure that thermal and gaseous
equilibrium has been established in the calibration vessel prior to
calibration.
Broad variations in the kinds and concentrations of salts in water samples
can interfere with membrane permeability, although this is not generally a
problem in fresh water. Certain other compounds (SO2 and Cl2 gases,
nitrogen oxides and organic mercaptans) will attack the polarographic cell
membrane and cause erroneous readings. Water containing low or depleted
DO concentrations may form hydrogen sulfide and interfere with
polarographic DO measurements. Elevated hydrogen sulfide concentrations
interfere with the ability of oxygen to undergo reduction at the sensor
cathode and with prolonged exposure, can poison the polarographic
electrodes, causing permanent damage. Other potential interferences (for
polarographic sensors) include circulator malfunctions and air bubbles under
the membrane. In either case, erratic and erroneously low DO readings will
result.
3210.3
A-3
It is recommended that Hydrolab DO analyses be determined only in-situ, or
with the use of a flow-through cell (e.g., for groundwater applications). The
measurement of DO from discrete samples is not recommended due to
potential errors introduced though sample collection (i.e., under-saturated
samples will be aerated upon exposure to the atmosphere, while
supersaturated samples will tend to lose DO following collection). Further
potential error in DO measurements taken from discrete samples is
associated with changes in DO solubility resulting from thermal changes in
the sample. Sampling personnel shall clearly document in field records
instances where DO was measured from a grab sample.
2.3 pH Subsystem's
The pH of a solution is a measure of hydrogen ion activity in the solution.
The pH value is expressed as the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen ion
activity expressed in moles per liter at a specific temperature. Values range
from pH 0 (extreme acidity) to pH 14 (extreme basicity), where pH 7 is
neutral.
A glass, pH-sensitive silver/silver chloride probe and reference probe supply
a signal that is proportional to the pH of the sample water. The signal is
continuously compensated for sample temperature deviations from 25 °C, as
measured by the temperature probe. Both the glass pH probe and the
reference probe have been modified to operate in the high-pressure
environment of subsurface sampling. Films of oil or particulate matter can
impair the response of a pH electrode; however, proper cleaning and routine
maintenance can minimize these interferences.
pH reference electrodes of the refillable type are normally used and
recommended, as opposed to the non-serviceable, low ionic strength (LIS),
KCl crystal-impregnated plastic variety. However, for pH measurements in
low conductivity (low ionic strength) waters or for unattended deployments
exceeding 3 continuous weeks, an instrument equipped with an LIS
reference probe may provide more reliable service.
Refillable reference electrodes require routine replenishment (i.e.,
replacement) of the internal electrolyte (saturated KCl) solution (including
KCL crystals which ensure saturation), at a frequency depending on
instrument usage patterns. Reference electrode tips, which include a
permeable Teflon junction, are replaced on an as needed basis, depending
on whether or not blockage of the junction is noted during the electrolyte
refilling operation. Non-serviceable LIS reference probes should be capped
between uses with a tight-fitting plastic cover containing reference filling
solution.
3210.3
A-4
The pH subsystem is routinely calibrated using two certified NIST-traceable
buffers in a two-point calibration. A third buffer is then used to check for
linearity of probe response. To test for potential errors associated with use
in low ionic strength environments and the potential degradation of the
reference probe, the user should consider occasionally re-checking the pH
subsystem after conventional calibration using a special low ionic strength
buffer, such as are commercially available (e.g., Oriori ).
Hydrolab pH analyses should be determined in-situ, or with the use of a
flow-through cell (e.g., for groundwater applications). The measurement of
pH from discrete samples is not recommended due to potential errors
introduced though sample collection (e.g., primarily changes in sample
dissolved gas concentrations that affect the carbonate-bicarbonate
equilibrium and subsequently, the sample pH).
2.4 Conductivity Subsystem
Hydrolab instruments utilize a variety of conductivity sensor designs,
including cells with nickel or graphite electrodes. In all cases, the signal
from the conductivity cell is continuously compensated for sample
temperature deviations from 25°C by the temperature probe, enabling the
measure of specific conductance. Salinity (in ppt) and/or total dissolved
solids (in mg/L) can be directly calculated from Hydrolab specific
conductance values using one of several user-selectable functions. The
conductivity subsystem is routinely calibrated using NIST-traceable
standard KCl solutions.
The most common interferences are caused by foreign substances (i.e.,
biofilms or mud) or air bubbles within the sensor chamber, resulting in
erroneous readings.
Whenever possible, Hydrolab specific conductance analyses should be
determined in-situ, or with the use of a flow-through cell (e.g., for
groundwater applications). Discrete samples for specific conductance
should be analyzed as soon as practical following collection but may be held
40%, at 0 to 4 °C up to 28 days before analysis. Ample sample volume (e.g.,
AO 500 mL) must be collected to allow adequate rinsing of the instrument
probes between analyses.
2.5 Redox Subsystem
The redox (also, oxidation-reduction potential, or ORP) subsystem measures
the oxidative or reductive potential of a solution. The redox potential of a
solution is dependent upon the nature of the dissolved substances in
solution, proportions of the oxidized and reduced constituents, and the
solution temperature. A platinum electrode (typically mounted on the glass
3210.3
A-5
pH probe) is utilized in conjunction with the silver/silver chloride reference
electrode. The silver/silver chloride electrode has a standard potential of
about +200 millivolts with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode.
Redox values are displayed in millivolts and are continuously corrected for
sample temperature deviations from 25 °C.
The redox subsystem may be calibrated with quinhydrone solution or
alternate redox standards prepared per Standard Methods (Reference C.1).
Highly corrosive solutions, such as Light's Solution (Reference C.1) should
be avoided, however. Since relative redox values are most often of interest
in water column profiles, rather than absolute voltage potentials, the redox
subsystem may not require calibration routinely. Specific study plans
should be consulted regarding the need to calibrate this subsystem.
Interferences in redox readings can result from mud or other material
accumulating on the redox probe, causing abnormally low or negative
readings. Hydrolab redox analyses should be determined in-situ, or with the
use of a flow-through cell (e.g., for groundwater applications). The
measurement of redox from discrete samples is not recommended due to
potential errors introduced though sample collection (e.g., primarily changes
in sample dissolved gas concentrations that affect constituent solubility, and
therefore, the sample redox potential).
2.6 Depth Subsystem
The depth subsystem utilizes a strain gauge-type pressure transducer
requiring conversion of an output in volts to a reading in meters of fresh or
salt water. The conversion factor (or slope setting) for systems that operate
in seawater is about 3% lower than fresh water.
Interferences include mud or silt clogging the sensor access port. The depth
sensor will operate accurately only for battery voltages of >_ 9.5 volts. The
depth sensor is routinely calibrated by setting the zero (with the sonde in air)
at the deployment site.
,,a- 2.7 Other Subsystems
14 Consult appropriate Hydrolab manuals or other product literature for
information on other available measurement subsystems, including turbidity
or chlorophyll probes and the various available ion-selective electrodes.
C. References
American Public Health Association; American Water Works Association; Water
Environment Federation. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater. 20th Edition. Methods: 2510 Conductivity; 2550, Temperature;
3210.3
A-6
2580, Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP); 4500-H+, pH Value. American
Public Health Association, Washington DC.
2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. D 888-05, Standard
Test Methods for Dissolved Oxygen in Water. August 2005. ASTM. West
Conshohocken, PA.
3. Duke Power Company. 2005. Iodometric / azide modification for Winkler
titration in determining dissolved oxygen. Procedure 3200.X'.
4. Hach Corporation. 2006. Hydrolab DSSX, DS5, and MS5 Water Quality
Multiprobes User Manual. February 2006, Edition 3. Hach Company, Loveland,
CO.
5. Hydrolab Corporation. 1998. DataSonde 4 and MiniSonde Water Quality
Multiprobes User's Manual. Revision E, April 1998. Hydrolab Corp., Austin
TX.
6. . 1998. Welcome to Profilefrm Beta for Series 4 Instruments. Draft
Manual, January 1998. Hydrolab Corp., Austin TX.
7. . 1995. DataSonde 3 Multiprobe Logger Operating Manual. Revision
H, April 1995. Hydrolab Corp., Austin TX.
8. Mitchell, Thomas O. 2006. Luminescence based Measurement of Dissolved
Oxygen in Natural Waters. Hach Company, Loveland, CO.
9. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1983. Methods for the Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab,
Office of Research and Development. Cincinnati, OH
10. . 2006. Notice of Region 4 Interim Approval of ASTM International
Method D 888-05 for measuring dissolved oxygen in the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharges. June 1, 2006. USEPA,
Region 4, Science and Ecosystem Support Division, Athens, Georgia. Web site:
http : //www. epa. gov/regi on4/sesd/oqa/atp-method-d-888-05-noti ce. html .
0 (accessed June 27, 2006)
II. MATERIALS
A. Equipment
1. Hydrolab sonde unit, with appropriate sensors, cables (including PC serial port
interface), and accessories
' An ".X" following a reference to a procedure number shall equate to the most recent approved revision of the
referenced procedure.
3210.3
A-7
2. Portable computer with appropriate communications software and formatted
diskettes or flash drive and hard drive storage
3. Power supply: Gel cell battery (12 VDC), 2 ea. w/ connectors and cables for
Hydrolab and computer, or gas-powered 110 VAC generator with inverter for 12-
VDC output (for instrument cables that enable an external DC power source)
4. Battery charger, 12 VDC (if Gel cells are used)
5. Computer power supply (110 VAC; or 12 VDC with inverter)
6. Calibration kit, with the following materials:
6.1 Calibration cup with cap
6.2 Flow-through cell (may be required for groundwater monitoring)
6.3 Calibration / field notes document & pen (Note: information may be stored
in electronic form on field PC)
6.4 NIST-traceable thermistor or thermometer
6.5 Winkler titration equipment (not required if air-calibrating DO)
6.5.1 Calibration vessel (e.g., bucket)
6.5.2 20 ,k , =olumetric flask
6.5.3 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask K_J
6.5.4 300-mL BOD bottle w/ cap
6.5.5 Scissors
6.6 Barometer (or NOAA broadcast receiver / Internet access, and calculator)
(required if air-calibrating DO)
7. Lint-free laboratory wipes or cloth
8. Electrode maintenance supplies (including Teflon DO membranes, LDO probe
caps, reference cell junctions, cotton swabs, and spare o-rings)
9. Precision controlled temperature water bath (for annual temperature and thermal
compensation testing)
B. Reagents (refer to Safety, Section V, prior to handling the listed reagents)
1. Calibration kit (continued), with the following reagents:
1.1 pH buffers, NIST-traceable (pH 7. 00, pH 4.00 pH 10.0)
(e.g., Fisher Scientific pH 7.0 Buffer, Duke MSDS.net No. 16772;
Fisher Scientific pH 4.0 Buffer, Duke MSDS.net No. 15291; Fisher
Scientific pH 10.0 Buffer, Duke MSDS.net No. 15454)
1.2 KCl specific conductance standard(s), NIST-traceable (e.g., Biopharm
Conductivity Standards, Duke MSDS.net No. 411963) Select a standard
exceeding the highest anticipated specific conductance to be measured
4 during sampling. A specific conductance standard recommended for a given
monitoring program should be specified in study plan documents.
1.3 Winkler titration reagents: (not required for air calibration)
1.3.1 Manganous sulfate dry reagent (e.g., Hach Co., Duke MSDS.net
No. 1096)
1.3.2 Alkaline iodide azide dry reagent (e.g., Hach Co., Duke MSDS.net
No. 50)
1.3.3 Sulfamic acid dry reagent (e.g., Hach Co., Duke MSDS.net No.
10712)
3210.3
A-8
1.3.4 Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.025N, (e.g., Hach Co., Duke
MSDS.net No. 21088) in refillable (25-mL X 0.1 mL graduation)
buret
1.3.5 Starch solution, 0.5%, (e.g., Fisher Scientific., Duke MSDS.net No.
13080) in dropper or dispenser bottle
1.3.6 Potassium bi-iodate solution, 0.025N, (e.g., Hach Co., Duke
MSDS.net No. 1473) in dropper bottle
1.4 Quinhydrone (e.g., Acros Organics, Duke MSDS.net No. 23928) standard(s)
or alternate redox standards prepared per Standard Methods (if necessary;
see Enclosure B)
1.5 DO electrolyte solution, 2 M potassium chloride with 1% Triton X-100
(e.g., Ricca Chemical Co., Duke MSDS.net No. 25255); required if
polarographic DO probe maintenance is required
1.6 pH reference electrode filling solution, saturated KCl with < 1% silver
chloride (e.g., Ricca Chemical Co., Duke MSDS.net No. 25254); required if
pH reference electrode maintenance is required, or for LIS reference probe
storage
1.7 Demineralized water (e.g., Milli-Q® water polished by final filtration
through a 0.2 ? m filter)
III. METHOD
NOTE: The manufacturer's operating manual should be referenced for specific
instructions regarding instrument or software operation for the various
Hydrolab models. Instruments are often similar in principle and require only
differences in keystrokes or menu selections to operate and calibrate. Use the
appropriate instrument owner's manual and software documentation to guide
through the specific keystrokes for instrument operation and calibration.
A. Instrument Preparation
1. If required, service and re-assemble Hydrolab measurement systems (consult
appropriate manufacturer literature) prior to the pre-calibration deployment.
Service of the DO subsystem for instruments equipped with a polarographic
sensor (e.g., replacement of DO sensor membrane and electrolyte) should
preferably precede instrument calibration by at least 24 hours. However, in the
event that emergency repairs are the only available option, tests conducted near
room temperature have shown that readings may be collected reliably
approximately 30-45 minutes following DO probe servicing. Be sure to
document the servicing of equipment (including technician name or initials,
date, equipment serial number, etc.) in the equipment history records.
2. If the DO subsystem is to be air calibrated, it is recommended that the sonde be
stored overnight at room temperature with the lower portion of the sonde
sealed tightly in a polyethylene bag containing both room temperature air at
atmospheric pressure and approximately 100-150 mL water. If DO is to be
3210.3
A-9
calibrated using a Winkler titration, a calibration container must be filled with
enough water so that the DO and temperature sensors will be completely
immersed when the sonde unit is placed into the container. Allow ample time
for water in the calibration container to achieve thermal and gaseous
equilibrium before placing the sonde inside and proceeding with calibration.
When calibrating the DO probe in the field, take care to shield the calibration
cup from thermal heating effects by using a sun-shield or other method of
ensuring temperature stability in the calibration cup throughout the duration of
the probe calibration.
Attach communication and power-supply cables to the appropriate connectors
for the specific instrument(s) being used and establish communication to the
instrument via an appropriate software interface.
4. If the instrument has a LIS reference probe, remove and store the plastic
protective storage cap and rinse away any residual KCl from the probes and
sonde.
5. Record on a calibration form (Enclosure A; and/or log via calibration software)
pertinent information to document the calibration, including user name(s) or
initials, date, time, project description, and instrument serial numbers.
B. Subsystem Pre-Sampling Calibration
1. Recommended Calibration Sequence

/ft
If the DO subsystem is to be air-calibrated, the measurement subsystems
should be calibrated in the order listed in the left column, below. If the DO
subsystem is to be Winkler-calibrated, the measurement subsystems should be
calibrated in the order listed in the right column, below.
Order for AIR CALIBRATION Order for WINKLER CALIBRATION
DO Conductivity
Conductivity Turbidity (if applicable)
Turbidity (if applicable) pH
pH Redox (if applicable)
Redox (if applicable) Ion-selective electrode (if applicable)
Ion-selective electrode (if applicable) Chlorophyll a (if applicable)
Chlorophyll a (if applicable) DO
Temperature Temperature
Depth Depth
2. Dissolved Oxygen Calibration
2.1 The DO subsystem may be calibrated either by exposing the measuring
electrode to water vapor-saturated air, or to water of known (from
3210.3
A-10
Winkler titration) DO concentration. Prior to calibration, it is critical
that the instrument and the surrounding calibration medium be allowed
to reach thermal and atmospheric equilibrium. Equilibrium is generally
indicated when the pre-calibration DO concentrations read from the
instrument become stable over time. Due to the greater potential errors
associated with DO field calibration in air (section 2.2), Winkler
calibration (section 2.3) is the recommended technique where
calibrations are to be performed at the sampling site.
2.2 Air DO Calibration
2.2.1 The sonde must have been stored overnight indoors with the
lower portion of the sonde placed and sealed tightly in a
polyethylene bag containing approximately 100-150 mL water,
and air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
2.2.2 Observe that no water droplets are adhering to the DO membrane
or LDO sensor cap. If droplets are observed, they may be
removed by shaking the sonde or by gently teasing them off by
touching the sonde while in a horizontal orientation with the
inner surface of the polyethylene bag. The sonde should be left
stationary during the calibration sequence.
2.2.3 Allow sufficient time for the DO readings to stabilize (allowing
the instrument to remain in this the polyethylene bag while
readings are observed over 30 minutes is normally
recommended).
2.2.4 Prior to calibration, obtain the unadjusted local barometric
reading (in units of mm Hg). Note that the reading should not be
adjusted to sea level, as most barometric readings supplied by
,40'" public weather services typically are. The source for the
barometric reading might be a digital barometer calibrated to a
known standard, or the local public weather service reading with
appropriate corrections applied for site elevation.
2.2.5 From the instrument calibration menu, select DO % Saturation
A (or LDO % Saturation) as the parameter to be calibrated. Enter
the appropriate barometric pressure value. This will calibrate the
DO subsystem to the appropriate value corresponding to 100%
water-saturated air at the given temperature and partial pressure
of oxygen in air. Record the adjustment, including the pre-
adjustment reading, on the calibration form (electronic file or
paper calibration form). Removed the plastic bag from the sonde
unit at the completion of the air calibration
3210.3
A- I I
2.3 Winkler DO Calibration (See Safety, Section V)
NOTE: Field temperature checks are routinely performed and
documented in conjunction with the DO subsystem Winkler
calibration (see III.B.6.2).
2.3.1 Attach the stirrer (if necessary for the instrument) and ensure the
stirrer is functioning properly when energized. Place the
instrument into a calibration container (e.g., bucket) containing
equilibrated water and allow the DO reading to stabilize.
2.3.2 Perform duplicate Winkler titrations from water collected from
the calibration container, as specified in Procedure 3200.X, and
record both results on the calibration form. If the Winkler-
determined DO concentrations agree within 0.2 mg/L, compute
the average to the nearest 0.05 mg/L and record on the
calibration sheet as the value to which the instrument will be
calibrated. If the values do not agree within 0.2 mg/L, perform
additional titrations as necessary and/or investigate potential
causes relating to reagents, equipment, etc. until values within
0.2 mg/L are obtained.
2.3.3 Select DO:mg/L (or LDO:mg/L) from the calibration menu and
adjust the instrument to reflect the average Winkler value. (When
calibrating to a Winkler-determined concentration, it is not
mandatory to change the barometric pressure software setting
from the last-entered value; however, to improve the overall
accuracy of DO saturation values, if their collection is desired,
the actual local barometric pressure in mm Hg should be entered
at the software prompt. If DO saturation values are only to be
used for field reference, such as in evaluating algal distributions
or hypoxia, an elevation-adjusted standard barometric pressure
(e.g., 740 mm for most Piedmont Carolinas sites) can be entered
as a default value) Consult the applicable study plan for more
Ir specifics, if any. Record the DO calibration adjustment,
including the pre-adjustment reading, on the calibration form
(electronic file or paper calibration form).
Specific Conductance Calibration
3.1 Select an appropriate NIST-traceable conductivity standard based on
study plan recommendations and/or representative historical data for the
locations to be monitored. The solution used to standardize the
instrument should have a specific conductance greater than the
maximum anticipated specific conductance during sampling. For best
accuracy, standards should be near 25 °C (or at approximate room
3210.3
A-12
temperature). When monitoring a new site or a highly variable source
such as a wastewater-dominated stream, a pre-calibration reading taken
from a site may be helpful in ensuring that an appropriate standard will
be selected. For routine water quality sampling, specific conductance
standards below about 70 µS/cm are not recommended for instrument
standardization due to the increased risk of error associated with their
use.
3.2 Place a calibration cup onto the Hydrolab sonde. Note and record the
specific conductance "zero" reading with the unwetted electrode in air.
If the reading is greater than 2 µ&cm, try carefully wiping the probe
dry, followed by re-checking the zero. Failure to obtain a reading near
zero will require that the zero point be re-calibrated (possible on some
instruments), a more involved cleaning of the probe be undertaken,
and/or the parameter be reset to factory specifications. Record any
actions taken.
3.3 Rinse the electrodes with three separate aliquots of an appropriate
specific conductance standard, thoroughly emptying the calibration cup
between rinses.
3.4 Pour the standard solution into the calibration cup, completely
immersing the conductivity electrodes. Ensure that no air bubbles are
trapped within the probe openings or adhering to the electrode surfaces.
3.5 Allow the specific conductance reading to stabilize and adjust the
instrument to reflect the nominal value of the conductivity standard.
Record the adjustment, including the pre-adjustment reading, on the
calibration form (electronic file or paper calibration form).
3.6 Although no instrument adjustments should be made, additional specific
conductance standards may be used to check the instrument for linearity
within the measurement range. Any additional standard checks shall be
recorded on the calibration form (electronic file or paper calibration
form).
4. pH (2-Point) Calibration
4.1 Select an appropriate NIST-traceable pH buffer (e.g., pH 4.00 or 10.00)
that along with a pH 7.00 buffer will best serve to bracket pH values
anticipated at the sample site. For typical Southeastern Piedmont lakes
and reservoirs, a pH 4.00 buffer is frequently suitable as a second
(calibration slope adjustment) buffer; although for more alkaline
waterbodies (e.g., some ash basins, or more biologically productive
waterbodies) the use of a pH 10 secondary buffer is most appropriate.
When monitoring a new site or a highly variable source such as a
3210.3
A-13
wastewater-dominated stream, ash basin, etc., a pre-calibration reading
taken from the site may be helpful in ensuring the most appropriate
selection of buffers. Following the two-point calibration, a third buffer
(e.g., pH 10.00 or 4.00; whichever will not be used for to calibrate pH
subsystem slope) is used to quantify pH electrode linearity outside the
calibrated range. For best accuracy, buffers used for calibration should
be maintained at a common temperature, within or near the range of
water temperatures expected during sampling. While use of buffer
nominal (25 °C) values (e.g., 7.00, 4. 00, and 10.00) is routine for
laboratory calibrations, during field calibrations, the use of appropriate
temperature-adjusted buffer values (see lower-right table on Enclosure
A) should be used as calibration set points.
4.2 Pre-rinse the probes with two aliquots of pH 7.00 buffer, empty the
calibration cup, refill to completely immerse the pH and reference
probes, and allow the temperature and pH reading to stabilize.
4.3 Adjust the instrument to reflect the nominal or temperature-adjusted pH
value, as appropriate, of the buffer. Record the adjustment on the
calibration form (electronic file or paper calibration form).
4.4 Repeat above steps 4.2 and 4.3 using the second (pH slope setting) 4.00
or 10.00 buffer. Record the adjustment on the calibration form
(electronic file or paper calibration form).
4.5 Repeat above step 4.2 using the third buffer (i.e., pH 10.00 or 4.00) and
record
Redox the "as founbsystemd" calibration reading ration along wmethodith and the f nominal frequency or are specified temperature-
in
study plans where applicable. For best accuracy, control the
A0 temperature of standard redox solutions per Enclosure B.
5.1 Thoroughly rinse the sensors and calibration cup with 2 aliquots of
demineralized water, discarding the rinse water.
5.2 Taking care to avoid wetting the DO probe membrane with redox
standard, rinse the sensors and calibration cup with a small portion of an
appropriate prepared redox standard (usually a pH 4-buffered
quinhydrone solution, or a commercial preparation of Zobell's solution;
adjusted pH value, as appropriate; but make no instrument adjustment.
Failure of the instrument to yield a reading within 0.2 pH units of the
buffer value indicates a potential problem (non-linear response) and
should be investigated before proceeding with the instrument,
potentially including a re-check of all buffer values.
5. Redox Calibration (See Safety, Section V)
3210.3
A-14
see Enclosure B or Reference C.1, respectively). Discard the rinse and
refill the calibration cup with solution to a point below the top of the DO
sensor.
5.3 Allow the reading to stabilize and adjust the instrument to reflect the
nominal solution redox value (mV). (See Enclosure B for quinhydrone
solution standard values.) Record the adjustment on the calibration form
(electronic file or paper calibration form).
5.4 If checking the redox subsystem response for linearity is desired, repeat
above steps 5.1 through 5.3 (without adjusting the redox value) with an
alternate standard (e.g., a pH 7 buffered quinhydrone solution, or an
alternate commercially available Zobell's solution; see Reference C.1).
6. Temperature Calibration Checks
6.1 General Guidance
While it is generally not possible for a user to re-calibrate the
temperature subsystem on Hydrolab instruments, the accuracy of the
temperature subsystem is normally assessed on site with each use of the
instrument. Additionally, more rigorous thermal tests at multiple
temperatures are conducted annually in a laboratory controlled
temperature water bath. Since temperature data are also used in internal
calculations by a number of measurement subsystems, failure to
discover erroneous temperature data in a timely manner may have far-
reaching implications. Instruments that do not provide accuracy within
0.2 °C of an NIST-certified device during laboratory thermal bath
testing shall be tagged as to clearly indicate an out-of-tolerance
condition, and the instrument shall be removed from service and/or
returned to the manufacturer for repair.
6.2 Temperature Calibration Check (Each-Use)
( NOTE: Temperature checks are routinely performed and documented
in conjunction with the DO subsystem Winkler calibration
"ke (see III.B.2.3), if applicable, with each use of the instrument.

6.2.1 Attach the stirrer (if necessary for the instrument) and ensure the
stirrer is functioning properly when energized. Place the
instrument into a calibration container (e.g., bucket) containing
equilibrated water and allow the temperature reading to stabilize.
6.2.2 Position the sensor of an NIST-traceable thermometer or
thermistor adjacent to the Hydrolab sonde-mounted thermistor,
taking care to avoid contacting the stirrer.
3210.3
A-15
6.2.3 After both sensors have achieved thermal equilibrium, record the
reading of each device where indicated on the calibration form
(electronic file or paper calibration form). Also record the NIST-
traceable device certificate number.
6.2.4 Failure of the Hydrolab to yield a reading within ±0.3 °C of the
NIST-traceable device temperature indicates a potential problem
with the temperature subsystem and should be investigated
before proceeding with the instrument. Inability of a Hydrolab
unit to achieve temperature readings within ±0.3 °C of an NIST-
certified device during a field check shall require further
investigation of both instruments under more carefully controlled
conditions in the laboratory (i.e., temperature bath testing), as
detailed in section III.F.
7. Depth Calibration
NOTE: Depth calibration is not required when using a flow-through cell, but
should be routinely checked, and if needed, adjusted for all other types
of sampling.
7.1 While on site, place the instrument sensors in air, or into water at an
independently verified depth.
7.2 Allow the depth reading to stabilize and adjust the instrument to the
corresponding depth (e.g., 0.0 if sensors are in air).
C. Sampling
1. General Precautions
Throughout sampling, the user must remain alert and attend to appropriate
diagnostic, maintenance or troubleshooting guidance if any anomalous conditions
including unusual parameter responses or battery voltage drops occur. In such an
event, consult the references listed in this procedure or other materials available
from the instrument manufacturer.
?2. Collection of Water Column Profile Data
2.1 Unless dictated otherwise in a specific study plan, water column profile data
shall be collected from the water surface (typically - 0.3 m) downward to
just above (i.e., 0.1 to 0.5 m above, depending on conditions) the bottom.
Exceptions occur where sondes are outfitted with certain sensors that limit
sampling depth due to pressure constraints on sensor operability (e.g.,
ammonium sensors should not be submerged below 15 meters). Each study
3210.3
A-16
plan normally specifies both the precise parameters and interval of depths to
be sampled.
2.2 The DO subsystem stirrer (if present on the instrument used) should always
be checked prior to initiating each water column profile. Lower the
instrument sequentially to each desired sample depth, allowing all measured
parameters to equilibrate prior to capturing data.
2.3 Always ensure that data has been successfully captured and saved onto
electronic media, as appropriate, before continuing to the next sample
location
2.4 Maintain the instrument sensors in a protected, wetted state between sample
locations. On a boat, the sonde is usually placed into a bucket containing
site water. During over-road transport, it is recommended that the
instrument sensors be capped with the sensor storage cup partially filled
with clean tap water, or site water.
3. Collection of Unattended Logging Data
3.1 To ensure the best chances for quality data, it is strongly recommended that
all sonde alkaline internal batteries be replaced prior to any significant
unattended deployment. For extended monitoring, general sensor
maintenance should be considered, particularly the replenishment of the
polarographic DO sensor electrolyte and membrane, as well as the
serviceable pH reference electrode solution, as applicable for the instrument
used. Sensor maintenance should be accomplished a day in advance of the
pre-deployment calibration of the instruments. Inspection for proper stirrer
operation (if included on the instrument) should also be made during pre-
sampling maintenance and calibration.
3.2 Instruments must be programmed using instrument-specific communications
software in order to log data. Programming is typically completed at the
time of pre-deployment calibration. Consult the specific study plan for
details, including logging file name conventions, desired parameters, log
sequence start and stop dates and times, logging interval frequency,
instrument warm-up, stirrer activation interval setting, and deployment
location(s) and depth(s).
3.3 During transport to the field location and up until the time that instruments
are actually deployed, handle sondes with extreme care to prevent
unnecessary physical trauma that might increase the risk of drift from initial
calibration set points. Precautions include preventing exposure of sonde
units to physical shock or temperature extremes.
3210.3
A-17
3.4 Upon retrieval from the field site, instrument calibration may be checked at
that time, (recommended if practical, especially for the DO subsystem) or
may be stored for subsequent calibration checks in the lab, or some
combination thereof. Post-monitoring calibration checks, whether
performed in the field or in the lab, must be completed prior to initiating
maintenance or cleaning of the instrument sensors. Consult the specific
project study plan for guidance.
4. Collection of Data using a Flow-Through Cell
4.1 Some applications such as routine groundwater monitoring may require the
use of a flow-through cell. A flow-through cell replaces the sensor guard on
an instrument and incorporates inflow and discharge ports. This set up is
designed for pumping water continuously into a flow cell to completely
immerse the sensors.
4.2 When using a flow-through cell, the water should inflow at the bottom of
the cell, with the discharge near the top of the cell. The sonde should be
oriented in an upright position (sensors down) to allow the displacement of
any air bubbles from the flow cell. It is important to visually check the
specific conductivity sensor to ensure air bubbles are not present.
4.3 If dissolved oxygen is being measured using a flow through cell, the stirrer
(for polarographic electrode-equipped instruments) should be activated.
4.4 Typically, when using a flow-through cell, the stabilization of parameters
will be noted after a given elapsed time or flow-through volume. Specific
study plans should be consulted to determine if readings are to be taken only
after specific time intervals or after a pre-defined volume of water (such as a
multiple of calculated well volume) has been pumped through the cell.
D. Post- and Intermediate Sampling Calibration
NOTE: A post-sampling calibration may not be required in limited circumstances
where all Hydrolab data collection is completed within a very short
duration (e.g., less than one hour) following the initial in-field calibration
and sampling commenced immediately following field calibration of the
instrument. Consult the applicable study plan for further guidance on
post-sampling calibration requirements.
Except as described immediately above, following the completion of sampling, a
post-sampling check of all standards used in the pre-sampling calibrations shall be
made and documented. Generally, the actual re-adjustment of instrument
parameters to the calibration standard values is omitted from the post-sampling
calibration check. Otherwise, the post-sampling calibration shall proceed as
outlined in section III.B. Record the final calibration standard values and the
3210.3
A-18
instrument readings on the calibration form (electronic file or paper calibration
form). A general summary of post- and intermediate calibration tolerances for
Hydrolab parameters is provided in Enclosure D. Specific study plans may also
address modifications to these general specifications.
2. When a sampling effort spans a substantial span of time (e.g., a full day), it is
recommended that sampling be periodically suspended so that one or more
intermediate calibrations may be performed on the instrument. Intermediate
calibration(s) can be useful in ascertaining that the instrument continues to
provide accurate data. Any additional specifics regarding the need for
intermediate calibrations shall be detailed in specific study plans. Record the
intermediate calibration standard values and the instrument readings, along with
any needed re-adjustments to calibration standard values on the calibration form
(electronic file or paper calibration form).
3. If instruments were stored after data logging or sampling for a subsequent lab
calibration check, take extreme precaution to prevent exposure of the sonde units
to physical shock or temperature extremes. Where units have been retrieved
following a data logging deployment, it is recommended the sensor storage cup be
filled with only about 1 cm water during return transport in order to preclude
excessive washing of biofilms from the sensors (particularly the DO sensor)
during travel (which might substantially alter the final calibration check offsets).
E. In-Field Hydrolab Electronic Data Management
1. Provide each electronically saved data capture file with a unique file name in
accordance with data management guidelines and procedures, ensuring that
existing data are not overwritten.
2. Data shall be backed up while on site. The backup process shall require that a
second copy of data capture files is written to electronic media so that the data
exist in two physical locations, e.g., on PC hard drive as well as on removable
media such as a diskette or USB "flash" or "jump" drive.
3. Prior to disconnecting the instruments from the computer during field collections,
always ensure the integrity of saved data files.
F. Annual Temperature Checks
NOTE: Hydrolab temperature subsystems shall be tested, at a minimum, annually
in the laboratory under controlled conditions, as described below.
Normally, a number of Hydrolabs are tested sequentially at each water bath
temperature setting.
1. Setup a circulating precision temperature water bath, thermally controlled to
provide one of the testing temperatures listed on Enclosure C. Set up the
Hydrolab for data collection and immerse both the Hydrolab sonde unit thermistor
3210.3
A-19
and an NIST-traceable temperature device (certified thermometer or thermistor)
in the water bath.
2. After allowing adequate time for the bath and both instruments to achieve thermal
equilibrium, record the thermal test data from both the NIST-traceable device and
the Hydrolab. Be sure to apply any know temperature corrections to the data
from the NIST-certified device. From the two readings, determine and record the
offset of the Hydrolab from the NIST device reading. Repeat the process for
other Hydrolab instruments, as needed.
3. Re-set the temperature bath to another test temperature (see Enclosure 3) and
repeat the above steps 1 and 2 until all instruments and have been evaluated at
each indicated test temperature.
4. Failure of a Hydrolab to consistently yield readings within ±0.2 °C of the NIST-
traceable device temperature under controlled water bath conditions indicates a
problem with the temperature subsystem. In this event (multiple measurements
out of tolerance), the instrument should be tagged and not used further until it can
be repaired at the factory. Hydrolabs not meeting the ±0.2 °C criterion at a single
temperature at either extreme of the tested temperature range shall be clearly
tagged to advise any potential users of the finding. Such instruments may be
used, as necessary, on a restricted basis, in circumstances where the anticipated
out-of-tolerance temperature will not be encountered. Thermal testing data shall
be reviewed so that any potential impacts to prior monitoring using a non-
conforming instrument can be evaluated.
G. Instrument Maintenance and Storage
1. Avoid the practice of placing demineralized or ultra-pure water in the sensor
storage cup during storage, as this serves to reduce the useful life of the reference
electrode. For extended storage, addition of pH 4 buffer solution to the storage
cup is recommended in order to both lengthen the serviceability of the pH
measuring subsystem, and to retard the growth of biological films on the sensors.
2. For instruments to be stored long-term, all alkaline batteries should be removed to
prevent potential damage to the sonde interior.
t 3. Senor caps on LDO probes should be replaced routinely every 12 months.
Ideally, replacement should be performed and documented at the time other
routine scheduled maintenance and testing is performed.
4. Internal sonde DO polarizing and calendar/clock batteries require periodic
replacement, depending to some degree on usage patterns of each instrument. It
is recommended that these internal batteries be replaced at least once every 2
years. Also, internal desiccants should be inspected and if necessary, replaced, at
the time internal batteries are accessed. Consult manufacturer specifications for
3210.3
A-20
battery types, and record internal battery or desiccant replacements in the
instrument maintenance records.
QUALITY CONTROL
A. Personnel must confirm that calibration standard solutions have not exceeded their
shelf life prior to use.
B. It is strongly recommended that historical, seasonal Hydrolab water quality data (data
listings and/or graphics) for the site(s) being sampled be available for comparative
purposes, as necessary, during the data collection process.
C. When using low-flow sampling for groundwater, the use of Profilefrm, Hydras 3 LT,
(or an equivalent real-time graphical trending software package) is recommended.
D. A project scientist shall be notified of, and shall evaluate circumstances where any
calibration criteria were not met (see Enclosure D), including the need to re-sample
sites or locations and disposition of any data collected.
V. SAFETY
A. Several reagents used to calibrate the various Hydrolab measurement subsystems
present various chemical-specific hazards, including contact hazards (quinhydrone),
and corrosivity (sulfamic acid). The applicable Material Safety Data Sheets
(referenced via Duke MSDS.net; see section II.B) for each reagent should be
consulted prior to handling any chemical, and proper personal protective gear shall be
available for use.
B. The sampling crew should be familiar with and adhere to the guidelines outlined in
the Duke Power Safe Work Practices manual, with particular reference to the sections
on:
• Water safety
• Vehicle safety
• Hazardous materials
VI. ENCLOSURES
A. Enclosure A - Example of a Field Sampling Calibration Data Form
B. Enclosure B - Preparation of Quinhydrone Calibration Standards for Redox
Subsystem
C. Enclosure C - Example of a Form Used to Document Annual Temperature Bath
Hydrolab Thermal Testing
3210.3
A-21
D. Enclosure D - General Hydrolab Calibration Acceptance Criteria
Parameter Standard Calibration Acceptance Criteria
Temperature NIST-traceable device Each use on-site comparison:
±0.3 °C of certified device temperature
Annual temperature bath comparison:

±0.2 °C of certified device temperature
DO Azide-modified Winkler ±0.2 mg/L of average Winkler value

Specific NIST-traceable KCl standard ±5% of standard value
Conductance
pH NIST-traceable buffers ±0.2 pH units of buffer value
\C11"
?A Y
4? l
?O
4
3210.3
A-22
Enclosure A. Example of a Field Sampling Calibration Data Form
STUDY:
FIELD SAMPLING CALIBRATION DATA FORM
WEATHER CONDITIONS:
COLLECTORS: SURFACE UNIT READER:
HYDROLAB SERIAL #: COMPUTER:
OTHER EQUIPMENT: ? Peristaltic pump ? SS bucket SURVEYOR SERIAL #:
? Kemmerer ? Van Dorn
Procedure Number 3210-3
Calibration Time Date: Time Date: Time Date: Time
(DO Air Calibration) Instrument Maintenance
Barometric. Press mmHg mmHg Temperature Subsystem
Parameter Calib.
Std. Instrument Standard
Value Value Instrument Standard
Value Value ? Cleaned Thermistor
? Tested - OK ? See Notes
Temp Device Ce
No. rt. DO Subsystem
? Replaced Teflon Membrane
TEMP NIST /--> /--> ? Replaced DO Electrolyte
(deg C) N IST / -- > / -- > ? Cleaned Electrodes
? Tested - OK ? See Notes
DO
(mg/1) W
W
AW

>

> pH Subsystem
? Cleaned Electrodes
? Replaced Ref. Electrode KCI
? Replaced Ref. Electrode Tip
pH B - 7.0 > > ? Tested - OK ? See Notes
(units) B > > Conductance Subsystem
B > > ? Cleaned Electrodes
? Tested - OK ? See Notes
SP COND SS > 0.00 > 0.00 ORP Subsystem
(US/cm) SS > > ? Cleaned Electrode
SS > > ? Tested - OK ? See Notes
Turbidity Subsystem
ORP SS > > ? Cleaned Electrode & Wiper
(mV) SS > > ? Tested - OK ? See Notes
Ammonium Subsystem
TURBIDITY SS > 0.00 > 0.00 ? Cleaned Electrode Tip
(ntu) SS > > ? Installed New Electrode
? Removed Electrode / Installed Plug
AMMONIUM SS > 5.00 > 5.00 ? Tested - OK ? See Notes
(mg/L) SS > 50.00 > 50.00 Depth Subsystem
? Reset / Cal. ? See Notes
KEY: B = Buffer W = Winkler NA = Not Applicable
SS = Standard Solution AW = Average Winkler
-- -- > = Adjusted To -- / -- > = Not Adjusted To

NOTES: Temp (°C) 4.0 buffer 7.0 buffer 10.0 buffer
0 4.01 7.13 10.34
5 3.99 7.10 10.26
10 4.00 7.07 10.19
15 3.99 7.05 10.12
20 4.00 7.02 10.06
25 4.00 7.00 10.00
30 4.01 6.99 9.94
35 4.02 6.98 9.90
40 4.03 6.97 9.85
Buffer corrections from Fisher Scientific
Rev 1/9/2008
3210.3
A-23
Enclosure B. Preparation of Quinhydrone Calibration Standards for Redox Subsystem
Redox Standard Preparation MV at 20°C
(for Ag/AgCI
Electrodes) MV at 25°C
(for Ag/AgCI
Electrodes)
Dissolve 2 g/L
pH Buffer 7.0 Solution quinhydrone into 1000 ML 92 86
NIST-traceable pH 7.0
buffer
Dissolve 2 g/L
pH Buffer 4.0 Solution quinhydrone into 1000 ML 268 263
NIST-traceable pH 4.0
buffer

?O
4
40
2 Quinhydrone calibration standards must be saturated solutions (i.e., must include undissolved reagent).
Although ASTM standard D1498 (see Reference LC.2) specifies the solutions be prepared from 8 g
quinhydrone per liter, Hydrolab recommendations and past experience has demonstrated that reliable, saturated
quinhydrone redox standard solutions can be prepared using 2 g/L.
3210.3
A-24
Enclosure C. Example of a Form Used to Document Annual Temperature Bath Hydrolab
Thermal Testing
Hydrolab Datasonde Temperature Calibration Records
Hydrolab Water Bath Hydrolab Certified
Serial Hydrolab Calibrated Temperature Temperature T emperature Operator Certified
Number Model Due Date Date (°C) (°C) (°C) Offset (°C) Notes Initials Device ID
14847 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 4.76 4.96 -0.20 GAL 4124
14847 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.40 12.60 -0.20 GAL 4124
14847 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.50 25.46 0.04 GAL 4124
14847 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.13 32.07 0.06 GAL 4124
14847 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 39.91 39.84 0.07 GAL 4124
19859 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 4.80 4.95 -0.15 GAL 4124
19859 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.48 12.60 -0.12 GAL 4124
19859 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.39 25.42 -0.03 GAL 4124
19859 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.07 32.10 -0.03 GAL 4124
19859 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 39.96 39.94 0.02 GAL 4124

22261 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 4.74 4.94 -0.20 GAL 4124
22261 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.83 12.58 0.25 Within additive test tolerance GAL 4124
22261 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.32 25.45 -0.13 GAL 4124
22261 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.02 32.11 -0.09 GAL 4124
22261 DS3 Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 39.89 39.94 -0.05 GAL 4124
34785 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 4.94 4.95 -0.01 GAL 4124
34785 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.61 12.60 0.01 GAL 4124
34785 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.43 25.44 -0.01 GAL 4124
34785 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.06 32.08 -0.02 GAL 4124
34785 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 39.94 39.94 0.00 GAL 4124
34786 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 5.11 4.95 0.16 GAL 4124
34786 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.73 12.60 0.13 GAL 4124
34786 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.32 25.41 -0.09 GAL 4124
34786 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.08 32.09 -0.01 GAL 4124
34786 DS4 Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 34.93 34.94 -0.01 GAL 4124
38273 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 5.0 4.66 4.80 -0.14 GAL 4124
38273 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 12.5 12.50 12.39 0.11 GAL 4124
38273 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 25.0 24.98 24.95 0.03 GAL 4124
38273 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 32.0 31.92 31.87 0.05 GAL 4124
38273 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 40.0 40.02 39.94 0.08 GAL 4124
38274 DS4a Jan-07 1/5/2007 5.0 4.86 4.95 -0.09 GAL 4124
38274 DS4a Jan-07 1/5/2007 12.5 12.47 12.59 -0.12 GAL 4124
38274 DS4a Jan-07 1/5/2007 25.0 25.38 25.45 -0.07 GAL 4124
38274 DS4a Jan-07 1/5/2007 32.0 32.02 32.09 -0.07 GAL 4124
38274 DS4a Jan-07 1/5/2007 40.0 39.92 39.93 -0.01 GAL 4124

38701 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 5.0 4.77 4.93 -0.16 GAL 4124
38701 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 12.5 12.26 12.40 -0.14 GAL 4124
38701 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 25.0 25.09 25.14 -0.05 GAL 4124
38701 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 32.0 32.09 32.10 -0.01 GAL 4124
38701 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 40.0 39.74 39.73 0.01 GAL 4124

38702 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 5.0 4.74 4.94 -0.20 GAL 4124
38702 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 12.5 12.28 12.39 -0.11 GAL 4124
38702 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 25.0 25.09 25.14 -0.05 GAL 4124
38702 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 32.0 32.07 32.13 -0.06 GAL 4124
38702 MiniSond Jan-07 1/4/2007 40.0 39.70 39.72 -0.02 GAL 4124
39032 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 5.0 4.89 4.78 0.11 GAL 4124
39032 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 12.5 12.35 12.36 -0.01 GAL 4124
39032 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 25.0 24.91 24.98 -0.07 GAL 4124
39032 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 32.0 31.91 31.87 0.04 GAL 4124
39032 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 40.0 39.97 39.87 0.10 GAL 4124
39033 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 5.0 4.72 4.79 -0.07 GAL 4124
39033 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 12.5 12.27 12.38 -0.11 GAL 4124
39033 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 25.0 24.98 24.98 0.00 GAL 4124
39033 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 32.0 31.81 31.87 -0.06 GAL 4124
39033 DS4a Jan-07 1/19/2007 40.0 39.96 39.90 0.06 GAL 4124
3210.3
A-25
Enclosure D. General Hydrolab Calibration Acceptance Criteria3
Parameter Standard Calibration Acceptance Criteria
Temperature NIST-traceable device Each use on-site comparison:
±0.3 °C of certified device temperature
Annual temperature bath comparison:
±0.2 °C of certified device temperature
DO Azide-modified Winkler ±0.2 mg/L of average Winkler value

Specific NIST-traceable KCl standard ±5% of standard value
Conductance
pH NIST-traceable buffers ±0.2 pH units of buffer value
,?*?r
04
' The general calibration acceptance criteria shown are based on manufacturer specifications and may in special
cases be modified by study plan-specific criteria. Consult the applicable study plan for further details.
3210.3
A-26
APPENDIX B-QAPP
EXAMPLE QUALITY CONTROL CHART DEMONSTRATING
OXYGEN SENSOR DRIFT
Example Interval Tracking Chart
Used to evaluate the performance of the deployed tailrace monitor
1.00
c
c
0
0
a
m
d
L
c
0
5
C
-0.50
M
ai
N
C
d
-1.00
-8-10ean - - Upper Precision Lirrit - - Lower Precision Limit ? Monitor Replacement
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B-1
APPENDIX C-QAPP
SUPPLEMENTAL TROUT HABITAT MONITORING
Bridgewater Development
Supplemental Trout Habitat Monitoring
The Catawba River Bypassed Reach and Bridgewater minimum continuous flows have been
selected and evaluated to provide flows and water temperatures suitable for protection and
enhancement of mussels in the bypassed reach and the maintenance of a stocked trout fishery
downstream of Bridgewater Hydro. The volume of warm water flows provided to the
Catawba River Bypassed Reach to maintain mussel habitat are balanced against the
coldwater minimum flow from the Linville Dam to maintain suitable temperatures for trout
downstream of the confluence of the Catawba River Bypassed Reach and the Linville River.
The flows and temperatures provided to each channel to achieve the desired, but conflicting
temperature requirements were analyzed by the CE-QUAL-W2 reservoir model and the
River Modeling System (RMS). The results of these computer models were evaluated by the
Aquatics/Terrestrial and Water Quality Resource Committees. Bypassed Reach and Linville
Dam minimum continuous flows stated in the CRA are the result of the recommendations
from the evaluations by the resource committees.
Monitoring
Due to the hydraulic complexity and apparent conflicts of resource management interests
(differing trout and mussel temperature preference) in this area, supplemental monitoring will
be used to support future evaluations of whether trout management goals in the main stem
Catawba River continue to be supported. This supplemental trout habitat monitoring will
commence after the Bridgewater Powerhouse has been replaced with either a new
powerhouse or valve system and compliance operations have begun. This measurement and
evaluation will continue through the next cycle of NCDWQ Catawba River Basinwide
Assessment period, but not beyond Year 2019. Results of this monitoring are not intended to
be used for water quality certification compliance purposes, but for continued aquatic
resource assessments. These monitoring results may be used to determine if flow reductions
need to be made in the Catawba River Bypassed Reach.
Sensor Locations
The temperature and level logger placement is designed to be able to record temperatures,
flow (level logger with stage-discharge relationship) from the inflows, and empirically
determine the temperatures at the appropriate downstream river reaches. An additional
temperature and level logger will be provided at the Watermill Bridge (RM 271.7) in Glen
Alpine, NC which is in the middle of the primary trout habitat.
C-1
System Requirements
Level loggers (devices to record river stage from which a stage-discharge relationship may
be developed to calculate flow) and temperature loggers will be placed in the river and
periodically downloaded to obtain the respective data. Stage-discharge curves will be
developed at the level logger sites.
Reporting Requirements
Annual reports will be provided to NCDWQ and NCWRC (30 April) for the duration of the
supplemental trout habitat monitoring detailing the previous calendar year's temperatures and
levels. Flow-weighted temperatures will be calculated for the downstream sites.
C-2
Bridgewater Supplemental Trout Habitat Monitoring