20090003 Ver 1_Application_20081229

Heaven's Rose, Inc.
Engineering Services
44 Homespun Road Sylva, NC 28779 0 - 0 0 0 3
[phone] [phone]
D ???a V
?D
US Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District DEC 2 9 2008
Asheville Regional Field Office
Attn: Lori Beckwith FUNDS TERQUAU1y
St
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006
December 15, 2008
Dear Ms. Beckwith:
Enclosed is the PCN and supporting documentation for the permit application to
attach to an existing 48" culvert and enclose 150 linear feet of an UT to McDowell
Branch in Macon County. Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC is developing this property
located at 68 Setser Branch Road in Franklin. Ms. Nancy Merriman is the contact for Big
Bear of North Carolina, LLC. The proposed development is commercial consisting of a
3000 square foot building with on site parking. The exact building footprint is not final.
The lot currently has an old house on the property. The adjacent land is both
commercial and residential.
Please do not hesitate to contact me if you should have any questions.
Sincerely,
Wanda H. Austin, PE
President
Cc: Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC
NC Wildlife
NC Division of Water Quality
Agent Authorization Letter
Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC
Nancy Merriman
1281 Georgia Road
Franklin, NC 28734
December 12, 2008
Lori Beckwith
US Army Corp of Engineers
Wilmington District
Asheville Regional Office
Dear Ms. Beckwith:
Wanda H. Austin, PE of Heaven's Rose, Inc. is acting on my behalf to obtain the
necessary permit for the extension of the 48" culvert in the UT to McDowell Branch in
Macon County. This includes permits from The US Army Corp of Engineers and any
other regulatory agency.
Sincerely,
j?
N y MZeiman 6J,44
December 12, 2008
Lori Beckwith
US Army Corp of Engineers
Wilmington District
Asheville Regional Office
Dear Ms. Beckwith:
I hereby agree to allow Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC to attach to the 48"
CMP on my property to improve their property.
Sincerely, _
Jkmes Vanderwoude
Office Use Only: Form Version March 08
0 ?,. -- x 0 0 3
USACE Action ID No. DWQ No.
kit any panicuiar item is not appiicame to tnis project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
1. Processing
1. Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ? Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
? Section 10 Permit ? Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ? Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: 39 Commercial Develop,
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ?
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here:
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ?
II. Applicant Information
1. Owner/Applicant Information
Name: Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC
Mailing Address:. 1281 Georgia Road
Franklin NC 28734
Telephone Number: 828 342-9289 Fax Number:
E-mail Address:
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Wanda H. Austin PE
Company Affiliation: Heaven's Rose, Inc.
Mailing Address: 44 Homespun Road
Sylva NC 28779
Telephone Number: 828 342-5079 Fax Number: n/a
E-mail Address: wanda.austin72kyahoo.com
Page 5 of 12
III. Project Information
Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Big Bear of North Carolina, LLC
2. T.I.P. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only): n/a
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN): 6583.04-52-3432
4. Location
County: Macon Nearest Town: Franklin
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): n/a
Directions to site (include road numbers, landmarks, etc.): From Franklin take US 441
South approximately 1 miles; Turn left onto Setser Branch Road Property is 0.05 mile on
5. Site coordinates (Lat/Long or decimal degrees): 35^08'06" N 83^23'52" W
(Note - If project is linear, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that separately lists the
coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
6. Property size (acres): 0.5 acre
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: McDowell Branch
8. River Basin: Little Tennessee
(Note - this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://112o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application:_ The site is currently a cleared vacant lot The surrounding
land use is commercial and residential mix.
Page 6 of 12
10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: The
project includes grading the lot for a commercial building, and parking area Dozers
excavators and manual labor will be used to complete the project
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: To provide additional usable land for the
commercial development.
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules. No previous permits have been requested
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
No future permits will be necessM
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: Install 150' of 48" culvert in
UT to McDowell Branch Class C
Page 7 of 12
2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
senarately list imnaets dne to hnth ctniotnrP and flnnriina
Wetland Impact
Site Number

(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland

(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Flood lain
(es no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet) Area of
Impact

(acres)
n/a

Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property:
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included- To enlenlnte. nerenaP mnltinltr JPnrrch V .,.;arl, +I,-- L_. nl)ctn
Stream Impact
Number
indicate on ma
Stream Name
Type of Impact
Perennial or
Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Impact Impact
Length
line feet Area of
Impact
(acres)
1 UT to McDowell Culvert Perennial T 150 0.007

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 150 0.007
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill- excavntinn drPrlaina fl,, A,nn A-;__ 1_A11t.,._A_ -
Open Water Impact Name of Waterbody Type of Waterbody Area of
Site Number
indicate on ma (if applicable) Type of Impact (lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay, Impact
ocean, etc.) (acres)
n/a

Total Open Water Impact (acres) 0
Page 8 of 12
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): 0.007
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) 0
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 0.007
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? [_j Yes N1 No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ? uplands ? stream ? wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): n/a
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond: Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts. Store footprint and parking
can not fit on the small lot without the extra land.
VIII. Mitigation
DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
Page 9 of 12
USACE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USACE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
There is no mitigation plan for this lot
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at ;!.vt, If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page three and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet): 150
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet): 0
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Amount of Non-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres): 0
Page 10 of 12
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes F] No X
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ? No ?
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ? No ?
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ? No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
I I Zone* Impact
Multi lier Required
/cmin- f-fl p a,r..
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additional 20 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration / Enhancement, or Payment into the
Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260.
Page 1 I of 12
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. The lot is 0.5 acres. The existing impervious
acreage is 0.15 acres and the proposed is 0.25 acres The stormwater will be diverted through a
grass buffer at the southern end of the property before entering the water of the tributary The
building footprint is 5000 sf (0.11 acre) and the parking area is 6100 sf (0 14 acre).
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
Sewage will be connected to the Town of Franklin system
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (I 5A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ? No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ? No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ? No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
ham:/; h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description: The
adiacent areas are fully developed
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Q_ k--1, -
Applicant/Agent's Signature Date
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)
Page 12 of 12
OUTLET OF 48" CMP
ATTACHMENT POINT
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USDA United States
Department of
n Agriculture
?Vf
N R C S
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service

A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Macon County,
North Carolina
w?

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They
highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about
the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many
different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also,
conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance
the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties
that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information
is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on
various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying
with existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic
tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or
underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department
of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural
Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil
Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Soil Data Mart Web site or the NRCS Web Soil Survey. The Soil
Data Mart is the data storage site for the official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs
and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where
applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual
orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an
individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means
for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice and TDD). To file a
complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400
Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call [phone]
(voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and
employer.
Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made ..................................................................................4
Soil Map ..................................................................................................................6
Soil Map ................................................................................................................7
Legend ..................................................................................................................8
Map Unit Legend ..................................................................................................9
Map Unit Descriptions ..........................................................................................9
Macon County, North Carolina ........................................................................11
BkC2-Braddock clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded ......................11
EvB-Evard-Cowee complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...................................11
EvC-Evard-Cowee complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ................................13
EvD-Evard-Cowee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes ..............................14
EvE-Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes ...............................16
NkA-Nikwasi fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently
flooded ..................................................................................................17
SbD-Saunook gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony ...................18
SCB-Saunook loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ................................................19
ScC-Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes ..............................................20
ToA-Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded .................21
Ud-Udorthents, loamy ...............................................................................22
References ............................................................................................................24
3
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas
in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and
their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations
affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of
the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and
the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is
the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the
surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the
surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other
living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas
(MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share
common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources,
soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically
consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is
related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area.
Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of
landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous
areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the
landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,
during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable
degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the
landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by
an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to
identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of
soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
4
Custom Soil Resource Report
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have
similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique
combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of
the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes
the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and
landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of
resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is
needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and
experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-
landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific
locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of
measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These
measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to
bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of
sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from
one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil surrey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret
the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics
and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different
uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are
modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet
local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information,
production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop
yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from
field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such
variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long
periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil
scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have
a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a
high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,
roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil
map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Macon County, North Carolina (NC113)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
BkC2 Braddock clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded 6.8
EvB Evard-Cowee complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes 2.4
EvC Evard-Cowee complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes 11.4
EvD Evard-Cowee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes 11.1
EvE Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes 0.2
NkA Nikwasi fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, 2.5
frequently flooded
SbD Saunook gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, ! 0.2
stony
ScB Saunook loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes 16.4
ScC Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 9.0
ToA Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently 2.7
flooded
Ud Udorthents, loamy 7.4
Totals for Area of Interest 70.1
Map Unit Descriptions
9.7%
3.5%
16.2%
15.9%
0.3%
3.6%
0.2%
23.4%
12.8%
3.8%
10.5%
100.0%
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils
or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the
maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape,
however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability
of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend
beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic
class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic
classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas
for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes
other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally
are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.
Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified
9
Custom Soil Resource Report
by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the
contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with
some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been
observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially
where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations
to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness
or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic
classes but ratherto separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments
on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If
intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to
define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each
description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties
and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons
that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity,
degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the
detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0
to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The
pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all
areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or
anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical
or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and
relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-
Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that
could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of
the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be
made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up
of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material
and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Macon County, North Carolina
BkC2-Braddock clay loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, eroded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,950 to 2,350 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 35 to 46 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Braddock, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Description of Braddock, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Convex
4cross-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature. More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e
'typical profile
0 to 11 inches: Clay loam
11 to 57 inches. Clay
57 to 80 inches: Loam
EvB-Evard-Cowee complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
;° lap Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee and similar soils: 25 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Evard
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 2e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 35 inches: Sandy clay loam
35 to 45 inches: Fine sandy loam
45 to 80 inches: Sandy loam
Description of Cowee
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Creep deposits over residuum weathered from igneous and
metamorphic rock; residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to
1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity. Low (about 5.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated). 2e
Typical profile
0 to 10 inches: Sandy loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
10 to 38 inches: Clay loam
38 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
EvC-Evard-Cowee complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,400 to 4,000 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature. 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard, stony, and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee, stony, and similar soils: 35 percent
Description of Evard, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding. None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 29 inches: Sandy clay loam
29 to 37 inches: Sandy loam
37 to 80 inches: Sandy loam
Description of Cowee, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional). Mountaintop, crest
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material. Residuum weathered from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to
1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 27 inches: Gravelly sandy clay loam
27 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
EvD-Evard-Cowee complex, 15 to 30 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,700 to 3,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard, stony, and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee, stony, and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
Description of Evard, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape. Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from amphibolite or hornblende gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 29 inches: Sandy clay loam
29 to 37 inches: Sandy loam
37 to 80 inches: Sandy loam
Description of Cowee, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountaintop, crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from amphibolite or hornblende gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to
1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 27 inches: Gravelly sandy clay loam
27 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
EvE-Evard-Cowee complex, 30 to 50 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,700 to 3,600 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 54 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 124 to 176 days
Map Unit Composition
Evard, stony, and similar soils: 55 percent
Cowee, stony, and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
Description of Evard, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from amphibolite or hornblende gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity. Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 29 inches: Sandy clay loam
29 to 37 inches: Sandy loam
37 to 80 inches: Sandy loam
Description of Cowee, Stony
Setting
Landform: Mountain slopes, ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Upper third of mountainflank, side slope
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Residuum weathered from amphibolite or hornblende gneiss
Properties and qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most Iii! 4ting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to high (0.00 to
1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Low (about 3.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6e
Typical profile
0 to 5 inches: Gravelly loam
5 to 27 inches: Gravelly sandy clay loam
27 to 80 inches: Weathered bedrock
Minor Components
Rock outcrop
Percent of map unit: 1 percent
NkA-Nikwasi fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 2,000 to 2,650 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Nikwasi, drained, and similar soils: 70 percent
Nikwasi, undrained, and similar soils: 10 percent
Description of Nikwasi, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and dualities
Slope: 0 tc 3 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Low (about 4.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w
Typical profile
0 to 26 inches. Fine sandy loam
26 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sand
Description of Nikwasi, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity., Low (about 4.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6w
Typical profile
0 to 26 inches: Fine sandy loam
26 to 80 inches: Extremely gravelly coarse sand
SbD-Saunook gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Map Unit Composition
Saunook, stony, and similar soils: 80 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Saunook, Stony
Setting
Landform: Fans on mountain slopes, drainageways on mountain slopes, coves on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Lower third of mountainflank, base slope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders: 0.1 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 4e
Typical profile
0 to 9 inches: Gravelly loam
9 to 34 inches: Cobbly loam
34 to 80 inches: Gravelly sandy loam
ScB-Saunook loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,500 to 4,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Map Unit Composition
Saunook and similar soils: 80 percent
Description of Saunook
Setting
Landform: Fans on mountain slopes, drainageways on mountain slopes, coves on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated). 2e
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Loam
8 to 50 inches: Clay loam
50 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
ScC-Saunook loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 80 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 100 to 150 days
Map Unit Composition
Saunook and similar soils: 80 percent
Description of Saunook
Setting
Landform: Coves on mountain slopes, drainageways on mountain slopes, fans on
mountain slopes
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, toeslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Colluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: High (about 9.3 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 3e
Typical profile
0 to 8 inches: Loam
8 to 50 inches: Clay loam
50 to 80 inches: Fine sandy loam
ToA-Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost-free period: 116 to 170 days
Map Unit Composition
Toxaway, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Toxaway, undrained, and similar soils: 10 percent
Description of Toxaway, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material., Sandy and loamy alluvium
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 4w
Typical profile
0 to 26 inches: Loam
26 to 80 inches: Stratified sandy clay loam to sand
Description of Toxaway, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down-slope shape: Linear, concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Sandy and loamy alluvium
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat)
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Frequent
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 6w
Typical profile
0 to 26 inches: Loam
26 to 80 inches: Stratified sandy clay loam to sand
Ud-Udorthents, loamy
Map Unit Setting
Elevation: 1,950 to 3,800 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 0 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 32 degrees F
Frost-free period: 0 days
Map Unit Composition
Udorthents, loamy, and similar soils: 85 percent
Description of Udorthents, Loamy
Moderately high to high
Setting
Down-slope shape: Linear, convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy and clayey mine spoil or earthy fill derived from igneous,
metamorphic and sedimentary rock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat)
(0.00 to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available watercapacity: Moderate (about 7.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability (nonirrigated): 7e
Very low to very high
22
References
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Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and
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American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
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wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils
in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.
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and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://soils.usda.gov/
Soil Survey Staff. 2006. Keys to soil taxonomy. 10th edition. U.S. Department of
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Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
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Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.
http://soils.usda.gov/
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.
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