HomeMy WebLinkAbout20080229 Ver 2_Year 1 Monitoring Report Buffer_20081218
? Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
? Year 1 Buffer Monitoring Report
Orange County, North Carolina
' USGS HUC: 03020201020020
December 17, 2008
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DEC 1 8 2008
DENR - WATER QUALITY
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PROJECT ABSTRACT 1
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 3
2.1 LOCATION AND SETTING 3
2.2 STRUCTURE AND OBJECTIVES 3
3.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS 6
3.1 VEGETATION ASSESSMENT 6
3.1.1 Soil Data 6
3.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas 6
3.1.3 Stem Counts 6
3.1.4 Vegetation Assessment Summary 8
3.1.5 Site Stability Assessment Summary 9
Figure 1: Project Location Map
Figure 2: Monitoring Plan View
TABLES
Table I. Project Mitigation Structure and Objectives 4
Table II. Project Activity and Reporting History 5
Table III. Project Contacts 5
Table IV. Preliminary Soil Data 6
Table V Installed Plantings 6
Table VI. Stem Counts by Species 7
Table VII. Stem Counts by Plot 8
U E C 1 8 2008
DEW WJUER Wgm
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WLWS W STp OMMER BRM
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 1 Monitoring Year 1 of 5
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. Vegetation Raw Data
APPENDIX B. Photo Logs
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
ii
Monitoring Year I of 5
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY/PROJECT ABSTRACT
' The Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank (Bank) is located in Orange County North Carolina
within land owned by Milton A. Latta and Sons Dairy Farms, Inc. A permanent
' conservation easement covers the restored stream and surrounding riparian buffer. This
easement defines the Bank's boundaries. The Bank is located on an active dairy farm
approximately seven miles northeast of Hillsborough and six miles northwest of Durham
' in northeastern Orange County, North Carolina. The stream(s) lie within USGS
hydrologic unit 03020201020020 in the Neuse River Basin. The North Carolina Division
of Water Quality (NCDWQ) classifies the main reach, Forrest Creek, as a WS-II (water
supply II), HQW (high quality water), and NSW (nutrient sensitive water).
Prior to restoration, pasture land surrounded most of the length of the project reaches and
' the stream banks lacked strong rooted vegetation (e.g. woody or deep rooted herbaceous
vegetation). Due to the lack of bank protection and partially cleared watershed, the
stream channels became entrenched within the floodplain and showed signs of high shear
' stress. In this condition and with regular impacts due to cattle traffic, bank erosion had
accelerated and the variety of bed features diminished.
' Two types of vegetative communities surrounded the stream reaches prior to restoration.
The first zone consisted of a mix of woody vegetation that included significant
populations of invasive species including privet (Ligustrum sinense), multiflora rose
' (Rosa multiora), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), Japanese Stilt Grass
(Mircostegium vimineum), Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima), and Princess Tree
(Paulownia tomentosa). This zone covered the lower section of the Ut Forrest Creek and
' the upper section of Forrest Creek. The second zone consisted primarily of herbaceous
vegetation with scattered woody vegetation. The woody vegetation included a mix of
' natural, invasive, and succession species. This zone covered the remaining restoration
areas.
' The altered conditions of the stream and the riparian buffer reduced water quality and
impaired habitat. Pasture derived nutrients flowing untreated through the riparian zone
and fine silts sloughing from the incised banks raised biochemical oxygen demand. This
' with the lack of sufficient reoxygenating riffle features reduced dissolved oxygen within
the water column. Water quality had also diminished due to raised turbidity from bank
erosion and elevated water temperatures caused by the lack of tree shading. Habitat
potential had been reduced by the diminished water quality and loss of physical habitat
such as bed features, undercut banks, and a well developed vegetative community.
The Forrest Creek reach was restored within the existing floodplain using a Priority II
' approach and the Ut Forrest Creek reach bed was raised to the abandoned floodplain
using a Priority I approach. A portion of Forrest Creek immediately above the Forrest
Creek restoration reach was enhanced by modifying a downstream crossing that had
' caused ponding upstream of it. The crossing modification reestablished natural flow and
will create a natural channel profile. Above the enhancement area, a section of Forrest
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
Monitoring Year I of 5
' Creek has been placed under a conversation easement to preserve a functional stream
channel and riparian buffer. The remaining impaired riparian buffer was replanted with
' native woody species to restore ecological function and forested habitat to the buffer.
The stream restoration work is regulated under the The buffer restoration work is
' regulated under the Forrest Creek Riparian Buffer Mitigation Bank Agreement signed by
the Sponsor and NCDWQ in accordance with 15A NCAC 213.0200 and the memorandum
titled "NCDWQ Buffer Interpretation/Clarification #2008-17, January 25t", 2008". This
' Agreement is in addition to the Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank Mitigation Banking
Instrument (MBI) signed by the Sponsor and the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACE),
the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the NC Division of Water Quality
' (NCDWQ), and the NC Wildlife Resouces Commission (NCWRC) all comprising the
Interagency Review Team (IRT) formerly the MBRT in accordance with Federal
guidelines and regulations including the Compensatory Mitigation losses of Aquatic
' Resources Final Rule, 33 CFR Parts 325 and 332 and 40 CFR Part 230. The Monitoring
requirements as they apply to both the stream and buffer restoration are detailed in the
Mitigation Plan section of the MBI. Restoration work resulted in the restoration of
approximately 15.1 acres (658,000 square feet) of riparian buffer associated with the
restoration of approximately 6,825 linear feet, enhancement I of approximately 325 linear
feet, and preservation of approximately 3,005 linear feet of stream (subject of a separate
report submitted to the IRT).
' With the restoration, water quality will be improved due to a decrease in nutrients,
turbidity, and moderation in water temperature. Biochemical oxygen demand will be
reduced through filtering in the riparian buffer and riverme wetlands. Potential habitats
have been added through the creation of bed features and reestablishment of riparian
' vegetative community.
Monitoring Plan
The annual monitoring work will assess the Bank's buffer riparian areas to determine
restoration success. The monitoring plan has been set up based on guidance provided by
The Stream Mitigation Guidelines developed by the United States Corps of Engineers -
Wilmington District (McLendon, Scott, Fox, Becky et al. 2003), version 1.2 (11/16/2006)
of the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) document entitled
' "Content, Format, and Data Requirements for EEP Monitoring Reports", version 2.0
3/2
/2
"
(
7
008) of the EEP document entitled
Mitigation Plan Document Format, Data
Requirements, and Content Guidance", and the Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank Mitigation
Plan (May 2008). The monitoring will occur annually for five years with reports to be
submitted during years 1-5 by December 31 st.
' Monitoring work will include reference photographs and vegetative stem counts.
Mid- Atlantic Mitigation and NCDWQ in coordination with the appropriate regulatory
agencies, will determine when riparian restoration has met success criteria. The sections
below provide a framework for determining and assessing success criteria.
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 2 Monitoring Year 1 of 5
The riparian buffer will be monitored for survivability and specific densities of planted
vegetation and exclusion of invasive species. The site will be maintained during the
' monitoring period to allow it to continue on a trajectory that meets project goals and
success criteria. The site will be replanted if vegetation shows signs of significant failure
or if vegetative density goals contained in the MBI are not achieved.
Vegetation monitoring took place on December 4th, 2008. Strategies and methodologies
laid out in the Monitoring Plan will be followed for a minimum of five years of
monitoring. Vegetative success of plantings for buffer restoration will be monitored for
species diversity and survival with standardized, permanent (1 Om by I Om) vegetation
plots to be monitored annually for 5 years. Monitoring data will be analyzed to
' determine what remedial actions if any are required and any remedial actions proposed
will be detailed in the following monitoring report.
'
2.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
' 2.1 LOCATION AND SETTING
The Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank (Bank) is located in Orange County North Carolina
' within land owned by Milton A. Latta and Sons Dairy Farms, Inc. A permanent
conservation easement covers the restored stream and surrounding riparian buffer. This
' easement defines the Bank's boundaries. The Bank is located approximately seven miles
northeast of Hillsborough and six miles northwest of Durham in northe
t
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as
ern
range
County, North Carolina. The stream(s) lie within USGS hydrologic unit 03020201020020
in the Neuse River Basin.
Streams within the Bank consist of two reaches. The larger reach (Forrest Creek) flows
through the property from north to south and drains a 3.6 square mile area consisting of
' predominantly forest and pasture land. The smaller tributary (Ut Forrest Creek) flows
from west to east before joining with Forrest Creek and drains a 0.1 square mile area
consisting of predominantly pasture land. Buffer restoration consist of approximately
' 15.1 acres (658,000 square feet) of land surrounding these streams.
2.2 STRUCTURE AND OBJECTIVES
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The goals of the project relate to providing ecological improvements to the Bank's
riparian buffers through beneficial modifications of water quality, and habitat.
Goals related to water quality include:
? Reducing turbidity and pollution by reducing sediment and nutrient inputs
(cattle exclusion)
? Reducing water temperatures by providing shading
1
Goals related to habitat include:
? Improving bank habitat by increasing stability and woody biomass
? Improving floodplain habitat by establishing microtopography and hydrology,
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 3 Monitoring Year 1 of 5
removing invasive vegetation, and increasing habitat diversity
? Improving food web dynamics by adding biomass (such as detritus, coarse
woody debris, and leaf matter)
The restoration achieves these goals through the following objectives:
' ? Restoring soils in riparian buffer by excluding cattle and adding organic
components
? Removing invasive vegetation
? Planting native vegetation in riparian buffer
? Fencing out livestock
Together, these improvements will provide functional uplift for the watershed as a whole.
Above the enhancement area, a section of Forrest Creek has been placed under
' conservation easement to preserve a functional stream channel and riparian buffer.
The remaining impaired riparian buffer was planted as four (4) zones. Zones 1 and 2 are
the stream channel and bank zones consisting of tree and shrub species and native
herbaceous seeding typically found along stream banks in the region. Live stakes
comprised the bulk of installed species within these zones. Zone 3 is the riparian zone
consisting of selected tree and shrub species with a range of tolerances to inundation and
saturation. Zone 4 is the transitional zone that includes the buffer areas.
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Pre As Built Mitigation
Feature Mitigation Construction Length/ Credit Mitigation
Type Length/Area Area Ratio Credits
Riparian
Buffers of 15.11 ac
Forrest Creek Restoration 15.11 ac 15.11 ac 1:1 (658,000
and UT to sq. ft.)
Forrest Creek
Total Buffer Credits 15.11 ac
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
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Monitoring Year 1 of 5
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Table 11. Proiect Activitv and Renorting Historv
Activity or Report Calendar Year of Completion or
Planned Completion
MBI Signed March 2007
Buffer Agreement Signed Aril 2008
Construction March to June 2008
Temporary /Permanent seeding March to Jul 2008
Containerized Plantings March to July 2008
Mitigation Plan November 2008
Year 1 Monitoring December 2008
Year 2 Monitoring December 2009
Year 3 Monitoring December 2010
Year 4 Monitoring December 2011
Year 5 Monitoring December 2012
Table III. Proiect Contacts
Project Manager 1960 Derita Road
Mid-Atlantic Mitigation, LLC Concord, NC 28027
Rich Mogensen (704) 782-4133
Designer 3001 Weston Parkway
Kimley-Horn and Associates Inc. Cary, NC 27513
Todd St.John & Darn Pait (919) 653-
2950
Construction Contractor
Shamrock Environmental Corporation P.O Box 14987
Browns Summit, NC 27214
Mike Granson: (336) 708-5930
Planting Contractor 550 E. Westinghouse Blvd.
Carolina Wetland Services Charlotte, North Carolina 28273
Joshua Frost (704) 527-1177 ext 102
Monitoring Performers
Mid-Atlantic Mitigation, LLC 1960 Derita Road
Concord, North Carolina 28027
Christine Cook (704) 782-4140
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
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Monitoring Year I of 5
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3.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
3.1 VEGETATION ASSESSMENT
3.1.1 Soil Data
Table TV. Preliminarv 4nil Data
Series Max Depth
in % Clay on
Surface K T OM
%
Chewacla 60 10-27 .28 5 1-4
3.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas
The site is stabilized and vegetated with native woody and herbaceous species. Invasive
species listed in the executive summary and in the Mitigation Report have not had time to
reestablish and will be monitored and noted in future reports.
Table V. Plantings installed 6v rWs
Ba re
roots
and
tublings
ivestakes
Asimina triloba 600
Betula nigra 600
Cephalanthus occidentalis 600
Cornus amomum 600 3775
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 600
Ilex opaca 600
Jugulans nigra 600
Platanus occidentalis 600
Quercus michauxii 600
Quercus palustris 600
Quercus phellos 600
Salix nigra 11325
Total 6600 15100
3.1.3 Stem Counts
Four planting zones were established as follows: Zone 1 - Stream channel; Zone 2-
Stream Bank; Zone 3 - Riparian; and Zone 4 - Transitional (including buffer areas).
Live stakes were installed along the new constructed channel within Zones 1 and 2.
Zones 2 - 4 consist of tublings, gallon and a few three gallon size plants. A reduction in
the percentage of nuisance vegetation in areas with existing vegetation to less than 15%
will indicate establishment of native wetland vegetation. Study plots showing that the
composition and density of vegetation in the restoration areas compares closely to the
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 6 Monitoring Year 1 of 5
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reference areas will indicate restoration success for vegetation. Success will be gauged
by stem counts of planted species. Stem counts of over 320 woody stems per acre after 5
years will be considered successful. Photos taken at established photo points should
indicate maturation of riparian vegetation community. Photographs will help to capture
the health of the planted vegetation and the severity of any invasive or exotic species that
establish within the site. Permanent vegetative plots have been established at 14
locations. The success of vegetation plantings will be measured through stems counts.
These plots will be used to sample primarily Zones 2, 3 and 4. Each plot covers 100
square meters for tree counts. Within each plot, a 1 meter plot will be sampled to
measure herbaceous coverage. During the counts, the health of the vegetation will be
noted. In addition to stem counts, the samples will inventory species diversity to allow
for comparison between the reference and restoration wetlands and track the percent
cover of nuisance species. The vegetation survey will occur during the growing season.
On December 4th, 2008, the first year-vegetative monitoring was performed on the
established vegetative plots.
F.xhihit Tnhle VL• Tntal CtPm ('nnnfe k. , Q-...
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Species
Asimina triloba 10 9 90
Betula nigra 7 5 71
Cephalanthus occidentalis 4 4 100
Cercis canadensis 3 2 67
Cornus amomum 12 9 75
Fraxinus pennsylvanica 14 11 79
Ilex opaca 1 1 100
Jugulans nigra 15 11 73
Liriodendron tulipifera 1 0 0
Quercus michauxii 3 2 67
Quercus palustris 64 45 70
Quercus phellos 1 1 100
Salix nigra 20 7 35
Unknown 13 11 85
Total 168 118 70
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank
7
Monitoring Year 1 of 5
Exhibit Table VII: Stem Counts by Plot
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Q a Q a n a a _o _0 0 0 _o _0 0
Species 0_ a 0_ a °- 0_ CL
As-built baseline 7 9 12 12 9 8 10 16 17 16 13 12 15 12 168
Year 1(2008) 5 6 9 9 7 4 2 7 15 12 11 8 13 10 118
Percent Survival 71 67 75 75 78 50 20 44 88 75 85 67 87 83 69
Stems per Acre 202 243 364 364 283 162 81 283 607 486 445 324 526 405 341
' 3.1.4 Vegetation Assessment Summary
The success of riparian vegetation planting will be gauged by stem counts of planted and
' volunteer species and an assessment of community composition. Stem counts of over 320
trees and shrubs per acre after 5 years will be considered successful. The composition of
the vegetation community should trend toward a predominance of target species. A
' majority (80%) of the target species should be present in the reforestation area in
numbers and condition conducive to continuing the species through the maturation of the
community. The population of invasive species will be kept below 10% of the total
population. Photos taken at established photo points should indicate maturation of
riparian vegetation community.
The Year 1 monitoring numbers indicate approximately 70% survival and 341 stems per
acre. Six of 14 plots indicate stem counts below 320, five of which are along the main
channel of Forrest Creek. The Tributary area was planted first and shows excellent
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l
d
' surv
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an
stem counts. Five of seven plots along Forrest Creek as well as the majority
of the livestakes installed along the main channel show survival below 75% and stem
counts below 320. Given this level of mortality, the sponsor plans to install supplemental
' plantings of approximately 1000 stems along the main channel of Forrest Creek and to re-
livestake key areas that showed vulnerability during recorded bankfull events winter/
spring 2009. VQ6 lost several plantings to equipment traffic for bank repairs. Due to the
' late season veg counts, some individuals were somewhat difficult to identify, have
remained unidentified, and may change next year. Three stems of Cercis canadensis were
' counted as part of the baseline count and two stems were found in the monitoring count.
Cercis is not on the official plantin
list
however accordi
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an
ng contractor,
these individuals along with a few random individuals currently marked as unknowns
may have been mixed into the planting stock at the nursery. Final identifications will be
' made during the 2009 count which will occur earlier in the growing season.
Along the main channel of Forrest Creek herbaceous cover is well established. Sample
plots indicated an average of 75% cover with a range of 50 (VQ4) to 100% cover (VQ7).
The plots are dominated primarily by native grasses. VQ1 and 2 contained 25% standing
' water, VQ6 has been recently stabilized with annual rye due to equipment traffic for
repairs to the stream bank. VQ7 showed the most robust growth with 100% cover of
Polygonum pennsylvanicum and Xanthium strumarium and also showed the lowest
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 8 Monitoring Year 1 of 5
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percent survival of any plot potentially due to difficulty finding planted material in such
dense herbaceous cover.
Along the unnamed tributary herbaceous cover is well established and more mature then
the main channel. Sample plots indicated an average of 92% cover with the lowest being
plot VQT2 at 80%. The plots are dominated by Xanthium strumarium, Solidago sp. and
F,upatorium capillifolium.
In Appendix A, the vegetative survey data tables show the actual counts of each species
found per plot, stressed and dead plants were noted.
3.1.5 Site Stability Assessment Summary
Some areas along the main channel of Forrest Creek sustained damage due to bankfull
conditions associated with the combination of hurricane remnant rainfall associated with
Hurricane Gustav and then Hurricane Hanna within 2 weeks. These areas were repaired
by a small sub-contractor, Little Cornwall Environmental. Repaired areas include the
right bank near VQ6, a drainage swale between VQ4 and the confluence of the Tributary,
and the right bank near Cross Section 2. Photos showing damage caused by the bankfull
event(s) and the repair work are located in Appendix D. These areas, in particular, will be
replanted and livestaked.
Beaver have been observed on site at the above the culvert at Edmund Latta Road and on
the Tributary at the crossing above VQT1 and Profile 3. The dams have been removed
and the beaver population is being managed as necessary. On going beaver management
will be maintained as part of the monitoring requirements as discussed in the Mitigation
Plan.
The herbaceous vegetative cover has developed a healthy and diverse community
throughout most of the site. The planted trees and shrubs in the riparian and buffer areas
have also done relatively well and are supplemented by an existing buffer community
which will provide a seed source for volunteers well suited to the current site conditions.
However, given the level of mortality along the main channel of Forrest Creek, most
likely due to late planting, the sponsor plans to install supplemental plantings of
approximately 1000 stems along the main channel of Forrest Creek and to re-livestake
key areas that showed vulnerability during recorded bankfull events winter/ spring 2009.
Overall, the stream channel has stabilized well and weathered multiple bankfull events,
including several high rainfall events and hurricane remnant rainfall events. Damage to
the site was minimal given the severity of these events and indicates that the site should
weather normal storm and bankfull events successfully in the future.
Forrest Creek Mitigation Bank 9
Monitoring Year 1 of 5
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Asimina triloba 6 2 1 10 9 90
Betula nigra 1 4 7 5 71
Cephalanthus
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Cercis canadensis 1 1 3 2 67
Cornus amomum 2 2 1 1 3 12 9 75
Fraxinus
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Ilex opaca 1 1 1 100
Jugulans nigra 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 15 11 73
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Quercus michauxii 1 1 3 2 67
Quercus palustris 4 6 5 3 2 4 5 2 7 1 3 3 64 45 70
Quercus phellos 1 1 1 100
Salix nigra 6 1 20 7 35
Unknown 1 1 2 2 2 3 13 11 85
As-built baseline 7 9 12 12 9 8 10 16 17 16 13 12 15 12 168 - -
Year 1(2008) 5 6 9 9 7 4 2 7 15 12 11 8 13 10 - 118 70
Percent Survival 71 67 75 75 78 50 20 44 88 75 85 67 87 83 - - 69
Stems per Acre .202 .243 364 364 283 162 81. 283 607 486 445 324 526 405 479 341 -
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1 APPENDIX B. Photo Log
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Vegetation Plot Photos
a GSM
VQ1 -View from origin.
VQ3 - View from origin.
1
VQ4 - View from origin.
VQ6 - View from origin.
VQ2 - View from origin.
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VQ7 - View from origin.
VQT4 - View from origin.
VQT5 - View from origin.
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1
ill
Photo Point 1 - Looking downstream from cattle crossing upstream of Edmund Latta Road (STA 200+00).
1
1
t
1
Photo Point 2 - Looking upstream from Edmund Latta Road bridge (STA 203+75).
Photo Point 3 - Looking upstream from cattle crossing below the confluence of FC and UT (STA 223+00).
Photo Point 4 - Looking downstream from cattle crossing below the confluence of FC and UT (STA 223+00).
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Photo Point 6 - Looking upstream (UT) from the cattle crossing above the confluence (STA 126+50).
Photo Point 5 - Looking upstream from London Lane (STA 232+00).
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1
1
1
Photo Point 7 - Looking downstream (UT) from cattle crossing above Edmund Latta Road (STA 106+25).
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' Photo Point 8 - Looking upstream (UT) from cattle crossing above Edmund Latta Road (STA 106+25).
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Photo Point 10 - Looking upstream (UT) from Edmund Latta Road (STA 110+00).
Photo Point 9 - Looking downstream (UT) from Edmund Latta Road (STA 110+50).