20081838 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20081208

YEAR 2 (2008)
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT
ANDERSON SWAMP WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
EDGECOMBE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Q (? (? Lg?eL;HWR
DEC 8 2008
DEN! - WATER QUALITY
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
NCI
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Prepared for:
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
Restoration Systems, LLC
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Prepared by:
IVED
NOV X 4 2008
NG ECOSYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
And
Axiom Fmtkormental, Inc.
Axiom Environmental, Inc. (? o'{
2126 Rowland Pond Drive t?`
Willow Springs, North Carolina 27592 c. ?\
November 2008
(CONTRACT D06048)
FULL DELIVERY PROJECT
TAR-PAMLICO RIVER BASIN
CATALOGING UNIT 03020102
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems has completed the restoration of nonriverine wetlands at the Anderson Swamp
Wetland Restoration Site to assist the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program in fulfilling
restoration goals in the region. The Site is located approximately 6 miles north of Tarboro, in northern
Edgecombe County. The Site encompasses approximately 25 acres of land that was used for agricultural
row crop production and land application of hog lagoon effluent. The project provides 21.3 acres of
restored or enhanced non-riverine forested wetlands and 3.7 acres of nonriverine upland flats, with
benefits to water quality and wildlife in a watershed that is highly dissected for agriculture and timber
production.
Primary activities at the Site were designed to restore agricultural fields that had been ditched, drained,
and cleared for row crop production. Prior to implementation, the 25-acre Site was characterized by row
crops and was underlain by approximately 12.9 acres of hydric soil that had been effectively drained and
8.4 acres of hydric soil with jurisdictional wetland hydrology. Restoration activities included (1) ditch
cleaning prior to backfill, (2) ditch rerouting, (3) depression construction, (4) impervious ditch plug
construction, (5) ditch backfilling, (6) wetland soil surface scarification, and (7) plant community
restoration.
As constructed, the 25-acre Site provides 12.9 acres of nonriverine wetland restoration, 8.4 acres of
nonriverine wetland enhancement, and 3.7 acres of forested upland buffer for a total of 17.1 Nonriverine
Wetland Mitigation Units.
Nine vegetation plots (10 meters by 10 meters size) were surveyed in August 2008 for the Year 2 (2008)
monitoring season. Based on the number of stems counted, average densities were measured at 630
planted stems per acre surviving in Year 2 (2008). The dominant species identified at the Site were
planted stems of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda) and willow oak (Quercus phellos), and natural recruits
of pine (Pinus sp.) and sweetgum (Liquidamhar styraciflua). No vegetation problem areas were noted
during the Year 2 (2008) monitoring season.
Three of the five monitored gauges within restoration areas were inundated/saturated within 12 inches of
the surface for greater than 5 percent of the growing season. However, rain fall for the Year 2 (2008)
growing season was below normal with 26 inches of rain occurring from March to October 2008
compared to the 30-year historic mean rainfall of 32 inches occurring from March to October. Since the
Year 2 (2008) monitoring season rainfall was below normal, comparisons to reference groundwater
gauges were made. Four of the five groundwater gauges should be considered successful for the Year 2
(2008) monitoring period; the only gauge that fell below the success criteria was Gauge 2. No wetland
problem areas were noted during the Year 2 (2008) monitoring season.
In summary, the restoration site achieved success criteria for vegetation and most of the hydrology
attributes in the Second Monitoring Year (2008).
Annual Monitoring Report Executive Summary
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................
.
i
.
.......................
1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................1
1.1 Location and Setting ................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Project Objectives .................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type, and Approach ................................................................... l
1.4 Project History and Background ........................................................ 3
.......................................
2.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS ......................................................... 4
2.1 Vegetation Assessment ............................................................................................................. 4
2.1.1 Vegetation Success Criteria .............................................................................................. 4
2.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas ................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Wetland Assessment ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2.1 Wetland Success Criteria .................................................................................................. 5
2.2.2 Wetland Problem Areas .................................................................................................... 6
2.2.3 Wetland Criteria Attainment ........................................................ 6
.....................................
3
0 CONCLUSIONS
.
......................................................................................................................... 7
4.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 8
FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Location ...........................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Climatic Data ...........................................................................................................................6
TABLES
Table 1. Site Restoration Structures and Objectives ........................................ 3
Table 2 ........................................
Project Activit
and Re
orti
Hi
t
.
Table 3. y
p
ng
s
ory ......................................................................................
Project Contacts Table 3

Table 4 ...........................................................................................................3-4
Project Back
round Table
.
Table 5 g
.........................................................................................................
Planted S
ecies and Referenc
F
t E 4
.
Table 6 p
e
ores
cosystem ......................................................................
Wetland Criteria Attainment f
Y
2
2008 5
.
Table 7. or
ear
(
) ..........................................................................
Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results 6

Table 8. ..................................................................................
Summary of Planted Ve
etation Plot R
lt 7
g
esu
s ............................................................................. 7
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. VEGETATION DATA
1. Vegetation Survey Data Tables
2. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
APPENDIX B. HYDROLOGY DATA
2008 Groundwater Gauge Data
APPENDIX C. MONITORING PLAN VIEW
Annual Monitoring Report page i
Anderson Swamp Welland Restoration Site
1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1 Location and Setting
Restoration Systems, L.L.C. (Restoration Systems) has completed restoration of nonriverine wetlands at the
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") to assist the North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) in fulfilling wetland mitigation goals in the region. The Site,
located approximately 6 miles north of Tarboro in northern Edgecombe County, will provide a 17.1
nonriverine wetland mitigation units (Figure 1). The Site is located in United States Geological Survey
(USGS) Catologing Unit (CU) 03020102060010 (North Carolina Division of Water Quality [NCDWQ]
Subbasin 03-03-04) of the Tar Pamlico River Basin and will service the USGS 8-digit CU 03020102.
Directions to the Site from Tarboo, North Carolina, are as follows:
? Travel north on NC Route 44 for approximately 5 miles
? At Leggett, turn right on Draughn Road and travel approximately 4 miles
? Turn right on Bethleham Church Road and travel approximately 1 mile
? The Site is on the right
1.2 Project Objectives
The primary components of the restoration project included 1) ditch cleaning prior to backfill, 2) ditch
rerouting, 3) depression construction, 4) impervious ditch plug construction, 5) ditch backfilling, 6)
floodplain soil scarification, and 7) plant community restoration.
1.3 Project Structure, Restoration Type, and Approach
A conservation easement has been placed on the Site to incorporate all restoration activities. The Site
contains 21.3 acres of hydric soils within an interstream flat and an additional 3.7 acres of upland slopes.
The purpose of this project was to restore and enhance nonriverine wetlands within the Site, in addition
planting the Site with native woody vegetation.
Prior to construction, the entire tract was utilized for agricultural row crop production and land application
of hog lagoon effluent. The Site is situated within a terrace on the western rim of the Fishing Creek
floodplain between a headwater tributary to Maple Swamp and an Unnamed Tributary (UT) to Fishing
Creek . The landowner regularly dredged the channel in preparation for agricultural practices and an
extensive ditch system had been excavated to drain the Site. Site agricultural practices contributed to
degraded water quality, decreased wetland function, and decreased headwater storage benefits to Maple
Swamp and Fishing Creek.
The primary goals of the nonriverine wetland restoration project focused on improving water quality,
enhancing flood attenuation, and restoring wildlife habitat and were accomplished by the following.
1. Removing nonpoint sources of pollution associated with agricultural row crop production including
a) cessation of broadcasting fertilizer, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals into and adjacent
to Site drainage ditches, b) cessation of land application of area hog lagoon effluent, and c)
preemption and treatment of agricultural runoff by providing a vegetative buffer adjacent to
headwater streams and wetlands.
2. Restoring wetland hydroperiods that satisfy wetland jurisdictional requirements and approximate
the Site's natural range of variation.
3. Promoting floodwater attenuation through removal of interfield ditches and enhancing groundwater
storage capacity.
Annual Monitoring Report page 1
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Directions to the Site
From Tarboro Y
North on NC Route 44 - 5 miles
at Leggett - Right on Draughn Road - 4 miles
Right on Bethlehem Church Road - 1 mile
Site is on Right
Sit=s Location
a
C _
Reference Site
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- 4
0
_ 1 mi. 4 mi.
1:158,400
Source: 1977 North Carolina Atlas and Gazetteer, pp. 42 8 43.
Dwn. by:
2126 Rowland Pond or SITE LOCATION Ckd by: WGL FIGURE
Willow9)215-1693
151693 0 27592 ANDERSON SWAMP RESTORATION SITE WGL
(91 91 21 5-1 093
,' �`. (9"91 ,41-3339 fax Date:
Edgecombe County, North Carolina April 2007
'ti°0 Curnwuemsal Project:
06-017

4. Restoring and reestablishing natural community structure, habitat diversity, and functional
continuity.
5. Enhancing and protecting of the Site's full potential of wetland functions and values in perpetuity.
Primary activities at the Site included 1) wetland restoration, 2) wetland enhancement, 3) soil scarification,
and 4) plant community restoration. Table 1 describes the Site restoration structures and objectives, which
have provided 17.1 Nonriverine Wetland Mitigation Units by the following.
• Restoring approximately 12.9 acres of wetland through filling agricultural ditches, removal of spoil
castings, eliminating row crop production activities, and planting with native forest vegetation.
• Enhancing approximately 8.4 acres of wetland through eliminating row crop production activities
and planting with native forest vegetation.
• Reforesting the entire floodplain with native forest species.
Table 1. Site Restoration Structures and Objectives
Restoration Segment/
Reach ID Station Range Restoration *
Ty a/Ap roach Acreage Mitigation Ratio WMUs
Nonriverine Wetlands -- Restoration 12.9 1:1 12.9
Nonriverine Wetlands -- Enhancement 8.4 2:1 4.2
Mitigation Unit Summations
Nonriverine Wetland
17.1 WMU
1.4 Project History and Background
Completed project activities, reporting history, completion dates, project contacts, and background
information are summarized in Tables 2-4.
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Activity or Report Actual Completion or Deliver
Restoration Plan November 2006
Final Design February 2007
Construction March 2007
Planting March 2007
Mitigation Plan / As-Built Aril 2007
Year 1 monitoring November 2007
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Full Delivery Provider Restoration Systems
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
George Howard and John Preyer [phone]
Designer and Axiom Environmental, Inc.
Year 2 (2008) Monitoring Performers 2126 Rowland Pond Drive
Willow Spring, NC 27592
W. Grant Lewis [phone]
Annual Monitoring Report page 3
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Table 3. Project Contacts Table (continued)
Construction Contractor Anderson Farms
179 NC 97 East
Tarboro, NC 27886
Gary Wilkerson and Richard Anderson [phone]
Planting Contractor Carolina Silvics
908 Indian Trail Road
Edenton, NC 27932
Dwight McKinney [phone]
Year 1 (2007) Monitoring Performers ARACDIS G&M of North Carolina, Inc.
801 Corporate Center Drive, Suite 300
Raleigh, NC 27607
Ben Furr and Keven Duerr [phone]
Table 4. Project Background Table
Project County Edgecombe County, North Carolina
Physiographic Region Coastal Plain
Ecoregion Southeastern Plains
Cowardin Classification PF0113
Dominant Soil Types Roanoke loam, Wickham sandy loam
Reference Site ID Immediately south of Site
USGS HUC 03020102
NCDWQ Subbasin 03-03-04
NCDWQ Classification WS-IV NSW
Any portion of any project segment 303d listed? No
Any portion of project upstream of a 303d listed segment? No
Reasons for 303d listing or stressor Not Applicable
% of project easement fenced 0%
1.5 Monitoring Plan View
Monitoring activities for the Site, including relevant structures and utilities, project features, specific
project structures, and monitoring features are detailed in the monitoring plan view in Appendix C. Site
features including vegetation, wetland hydrology, and photographic documentation were monitored in Year
2(2008).
2.0 PROJECT CONDITION AND MONITORING RESULTS
2.1 Vegetation Assessment
Nine vegetation plots (10 meters by 10 meters in size) were sampled in August 2008 for Year 2 (2008)
monitoring as outlined in the CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.0 (Lee et al. 2006)
(ham://cvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm); results are included in Appendix A. The taxonomic standard for
vegetation used for this document was Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Surrounding Areas
(Weakley 2007). The locations of vegetation monitoring plots were placed to accurately represent the
entire Site and are depicted on the monitoring plan view in Appendix C.
2.1.1 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria have been established to verify that the vegetation component supports community
elements necessary for floodplain forest development. Success criteria are dependent upon the density and
growth of characteristic forest species. Additional success criteria are dependent upon density and growth
Annual Monitoring Report page 4
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
of "Characteristic Tree Species." Characteristic Tree Species include planted species and species identified
through inventory of a reference (relatively undisturbed) forest community used to orient the planting plan.
All canopy tree species planted and identified in the reference forest will be utilized to define
"Characteristic Tree Species" as termed in the success criteria. Table 5 below outlines planted and
reference forest species.
Table 5. Planted Species and Reference Forest Ecosystem
Planted Species Reference Species
Swamp Black Gum (Nyssa biflora) Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
Laurel Oak (Quercus laurifolia) Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii)
Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii) Water Oak (Quercus nigra)
Cherrybark Oak (Quercus pagodaefolia) Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
Water Oak (Quercus nigra) Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana) River Birch (Betula nigra)
Swamp Black Gum (Nyssa Mora)
Hi hbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana)
Horse Sugar (Symplocos tinctoria)
Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)
Ironwood (Carpinus carohniana)
Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
American Holly (Ilex opaca)
Success criteria dictate that an average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be
surviving in the first three monitoring years. Subsequently, 290 Character Tree Species per acre must be
surviving in year 4 and 260 Character Tree Species per acre in year 5.
2.1.2 Vegetative Problem Areas
Vegetation sampling across the Site was well-above the required average density with 630 planted stems
per acre. No vegetation problem areas were noted during the Year 2 (2008) monitoring season.
2.2 Wetland Assessment
Five groundwater monitoring gauges and two reference groundwater gauge were maintained and monitored
throughout the Year 2 (2008) growing season. Graphs of groundwater hydrology and precipitation from a
nearby rain station in Tarboro (Weather Underground 2008) are included in Appendix B.
2.2.1 Wetland Success Criteria
Target hydrological characteristics include saturation or inundation for at least 5 percent of the growing
season, during average climatic conditions. This value is based on DRAINMOD simulations for 60 years
of rainfall data in an old field stage. These areas are expected to support hydrophytic vegetation. If
wetland parameters are marginal as indicated by vegetation and/or hydrology monitoring, a jurisdictional
determination will be performed in these areas.
In atypical dry years, the hydroperiod must exceed 75 percent of the hydroperiod exhibited by the reference
gauges. Reference gauge data will be used to compare wetland hydroperiods between the restoration areas
Annual Monitoring Report page 5
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
and relatively undisturbed reference wetlands. This data will supplement regulatory evaluation of success
criteria and also provide information that shall allow interpretation of mitigation success in years not
supporting "normal" rainfall conditions.
2.2.2 Wetland Problem Areas
No wetland problem areas were identified within the Site during Year 2 (2008) monitoring.
2.2.3 Wetland Criteria Attainment
Three of the five monitored gauges within restoration areas were inundated/saturated within 12 inches of
the surface for greater than 5 percent of the growing season, which extends from March 21 to November 10
(235 days) (Table 6). However, rain fall for the Year 2 (2008) growing season was below normal with 26
inches of rain occurring from March to October 2008 compared to the 30-year historic mean rainfall of 32
inches occurring from March to October (NOAA 2004) (Figure 2). Since the Year 2 (2008) monitoring
season rainfall was below normal, comparisons to reference groundwater gauges were made. Four of the
five groundwater gauges should be considered successful for the Year 2 (2008) monitoring period; the only
gauge that fell below the success criteria was Gauge 2. Hydrographs containing groundwater and
precipitation data for each gauge can be found in Appendix B.
Table 6. Wetland Criteria Attainment for Year 2 (2008)

Gauge ID Hydrology
Threshold
Met? Hydrophytic
Vegetation
Criteria Met?
Site
Mean
Vegetation
Plot ID Vegetation
Survival
Threshold Met?
Site
Mean
1 Yes Yes 1 Yes
2 No Yes 2 Yes
3 Yes Yes 80% 3 Yes
4 Yes Yes 4 Yes
5 Yes Yes 5 Yes 100%
6 Yes
7 Yes
8 Yes
9 Yes
Figure 2. Climatic Data
v
s
c
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
a 2008 Totals
¦ 30-year Historic Mean
Annual Monitoring Report page 6
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
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3.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Site achieved the defined (or targeted) success criteria during a year with less than normal rainfall,
with saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil surface for a minimum of 75 percent of the period
the reference gauges were saturated during the growing season, for four of the five Site groundwater gauges
in the Second Monitoring Year (Year 2008). A summary of groundwater gauge data for the entire
monitoring period is included in Table 7. Also, all vegetation plots across the Site were above the required
320 stems per acre with an average of 630 tree stems per acre in the Second Monitoring Year (Year 2008)
(Table 8).
Table 7. Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season
Gauge (Percentage)
Year 1 (2007)* Year ,2 (2008)* Year 3 (2009) Year 4 (2010) Year 5 (2011)
1 Yes/ 15 days Yes/60 days
(6 percent) (26 percent)
2 Yes/l days No/2 days
(0.4 percent) (0.8 percent)
3 Yes/ 15 days Yes/3 8 days
(6 percent) (16 percent)
4 Yes/6 days Yes/31 days
(3 percent) (13 percent)
5 Yes/7 days Yes/5 days -)
(3 percent) (2 percent)
Ref 1 Yes/7 days Yes/5 days
(percent) (2 percent)
Ref 1 Yes/7 days
(percent) Yes/5 days
(2 percent)
*Rainfall was below normal; therefore, Site gauges were compared to reference gauges for success.
Table 8. Summary of Planted Vegetation Plot Results
Plot Planted Stems/Acre Counting Towards Success Criteria
Year 1 2007 Year 2 2008 Year 3 (2009) Year 4 (2010) Year 5 (2011)
1 607 445
2 931 931
3 607 607
4 647 769
5 324 486
6 688 728
7 364 526
8 324 647
9 405 526
Average of All
Plots (1-9)
544
630
-
Annual Monitoring Report page 7
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
4.0 REFERENCES
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Technical
Report Y-87-1. United States Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi.
Lee, Michael T., R.K. Peet, S.D. Roberts, and T.R. Wentworth. 2006. CVS-EEP Protocol for
Recording Vegetation, Version 4.0. (online). Available:
http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/methods.htm
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2004. Climatography of the United States
No. 20; Monthly Station Climate Summaries, 1971-2000. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National
Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina.
Rosgen, D. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology (Publisher). Pagosa Springs,
Colorado.
Weakley, Alan S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Surrounding Areas
(online). Available: http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/Weakle. sF?pdf [February 1,
2008]. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Weather Underground. 2008. Station in Tarboro, North Carolina. (online). Available:
http://www.wunderground. com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KNCTARBO2&graphspa
n=custom&month=3&day=1&year=2008&monthend=l0&dayend=31&yearend=2008 [November
11, 2008]. Weather Underground.
Annual Monitoring Report page 8
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
APPENDIX A
VEGETATION DATA
1. Vegetation Survey Data Tables
2. Vegetation Monitoring Plot Photos
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
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Year 2 (2008) Annual Monitoring
Vegetation Plot Photos
Taken August 2008
r%n n n
Rd 9
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Year 2 (2008) Annual Monitoring
Vegetation Plot Photos
Taken August 2008
(continued)
H4 ?
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
APPENDIX B
HYDROLOGY DATA
2008 Groundwater Gauge Graphs
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
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APPENDIX C
MONITORING PLAN VIEW
Annual Monitoring Report Appendices
Anderson Swamp Wetland Restoration Site

Dwn. By: FIGURE
2126 Rowalnd Pond Dr.
MONITORING PLAN VIEW CLF
Willow Spring, NC 27592 Date:
[phone] ANDERSON SWAMP RESTORATION SITE Nov 2008 ?_
[phone] (fax) Edgecombe County, North Carolina Project:
11 08-007