HomeMy WebLinkAbout20081844 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20081208ANNUAL WETLAND MONITORING REPORT
YEAR 3 (2008)
GATLIN SWAMP WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
MARTIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
(Contract # D05024-2)
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES
ECOSYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA
, ! teItlll A DEC 8 2008
DENR - WER QUALM(
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
Prepared by:
Asian Enwonmmnlal Inc
Restoration Systems, LLC Axiom Environmental, Inc.
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 211 And 2126 Rowland Pond Drive
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 Willow Spring, North Carolina 27592
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Restoration Systems, L.L.C. (Restoration Systems) has completed the restoration of nonriverine
wetlands at the Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site (hereafter referred to as the "Site") to
assist the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) in fulfilling restoration goals
in the region. The Site is located approximately 1.5 miles southwest of Oak City, in Martin
County. The Site encompasses approximately 150.2 acres of land situated in an expansive
interstream flat characterized primarily by timber production and agriculture. The project
provides 138.7 acres of non-riverine wetland restoration, with benefits to water quality and
wildlife in a watershed that is highly dissected for agriculture and timber production.
The Site is located within sub-basin 03-02-09 of the Roanoke River Basin. This area is part of
United States Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Unit (HU) 03010107 of the South
Atlantic/Gulf Region (14-digit HU 03010107120020). Site features drain to Etheridge Swamp
and Conoho Creek, which is a major tributary to the Roanoke River.
A Detailed Wetland Restoration Plan was completed for the Site in September 2005. The plan
outlined methods designed to restore agricultural fields that had been ditched, drained, and
cleared for row crop production. Prior to implementation, the entire 150.2 acre Site contained
138.7 acres of hydric soil that had been effectively drained and contained no jurisdictional
wetlands. The Detailed Wetland Restoration Plan outlined restoration procedures including 1)
ditch cleaning prior to backfill, 2) depression construction, 3) impervious ditch plug
construction, 4) ditch backfilling, 5) floodplain soil scarification, and 6) plant community
restoration.
The following objectives are proposed to provide mitigation credit requested under the EEP
Request For Proposal (RFP) #16-DO5024 dated October 22, 2004:
• Provide 125 acres of nonriverine Wetland Mitigation Units, as calculated in accordance
with the requirements stipulated in RFP # 16-D05024.
• Restore approximately 125 acres of wetland through filling agricultural ditches, removal
of spoil castings, eliminating row crop production activities, and/or planting with native
forest species.
• Protect the Site in perpetuity with a conservation easement which is held by the State of
North Carolina.
As constructed, the Site provides 138.7 acres of non-riverine wetland restoration and 11.5 acres
of forested upland buffer.
In summary, the Site achieved the defined (or targeted) success criteria;
1. Saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil surface for a minimum of 5 percent (12
consecutive days) of the growing season, for all Site groundwater gauges in the Third
Monitoring Year (Year 2008).
2. Vegetation plots across the Site were well above the required 320 stems per acre with an
average of 784 tree stems per acre in the Third Monitoring Year (Year 2008).
Gatlin Swamp Restoration Site page i
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... i
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................1
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................................................3
2.1 Wetland Hydrology .......................................................................................................3
2.1.1 Hydrology Monitoring Procedure ...........................................................................3
2.1.2 Hydrologic Success Criteria ...................................................................................5
2.1.3 Hydrological Monitoring Results and Comparison with Success Criteria ...............5
2.2 Vegetation .....................................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Vegetation Monitoring Procedure ..........................................................................6
2.2.2 Vegetation Success Criteria ....................................................................................6
2.2.3 Vegetation Sampling Results and Comparison to Success Criteria .........................8
3.0 CONCLUSIONS ..............................................................................................................8
4.0 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................11
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. 2008 (Year 3) Groundwater Gauge Results ...................................................................6
Table 2. Character Tree Species .................................................................................................7
Table 4. Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results .....................................................................8
Table 3. 2008 Vegetation Monitoring Data and Results ..............................................................9
Table 5. Summary of Vegetation Plot Results ...........................................................................10
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Map ......................................................................................................................2
Figure 2. Monitoring Plan ..........................................................................................................4
APPENDICES
Appendix A. 2008 Groundwater Gauge Data
Appendix B. 2007 Groundwater Gauge Data
Appendix C. 2006 Groundwater Gauge Data
Appendix D. Vegetation Plot Photographs
Gatlin Swamp Restoration Site page ii
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
GATLIN SWAMP WETLAND RESTORATION SITE
ANNUAL MONITORING REPORT
YEAR 3 (2008)
MARTIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Restoration Systems established the Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site (Site) in the Coastal
Plain region of the Roanoke River Basin (14-digit HU 03010107120020). The Site is located
approximately 1.5 miles southwest of Oak City, in Martin County (Figure 1). The Site
encompasses approximately 150.2 acres of land situated in an expansive interstream flat
characterized primarily by timber production and agriculture. The project offers 138.7 acres of
nonriverine wetland restoration, with benefits to water quality and wildlife in a watershed that is
highly dissected for agriculture and timber production.
A Detailed Wetland Restoration Plan was completed for the Site in September 2005. The plan
outlined methods designed to restore agricultural fields that had been ditched, drained, and cleared
for row crop production. Prior to implementation, the entire 150.2 acre Site contained 138.7 acres
of hydric soil that had been effectively drained and contained no jurisdictional wetlands. The
Detailed Wetland Restoration Plan outlined restoration procedures including 1) ditch cleaning
prior to backfill, 2) depression construction, 3) impervious ditch plug construction, 4) ditch
backfilling, 5) floodplain soil scarification, and 6) plant community restoration.
The following objectives are proposed to provide mitigation credit requested under the EEP
Request For Proposal (RFP) #I 6-DO5024 dated October 22, 2004:
• Provide 125 acres of nonriverine Wetland Mitigation Units, as calculated in accordance
with the requirements stipulated in RFP #16-D05024.
• Restore approximately 125 acres of wetland through filling agricultural ditches, removal of
spoil castings, eliminating row crop production activities, and/or planting with native forest
species.
• Protect the Site in perpetuity with a conservation easement which is held by the State of
North Carolina.
As constructed, the Site provides 138.7 acres of non-riverine wetland restoration and 11.5 acres of
forested upland buffer (Figure 2).
Upon completion of the detailed restoration plan, construction schematics were developed and
construction was initiated in October 2005. Anderson Farms completed earthwork and grading at
the Site in December of 2005. Carolina Silvics completed planting of the Site in January 2006.
Axiom Environmental, Inc. completed as-built mitigation plan and as-built construction drawings
in January 2006.
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 1
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
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GATLIN SWAMP WETLAND RESTORATION SITE Date:
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? Martin County, North Carolina Project:
Information on project managers, owners, and contractors follows:
Owner Information
Restoration Systems, L.L.C.
George Howard and John Preyer
1101 Haynes Street, Suite 107
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
(919) 755-9490
Designer Information
Axiom Environmental, Inc.
W. Grant Lewis
2126 Rowland Pond Drive
Willow Spring, North Carolina 27592
(919) 215-1693
Earthwork Contractor Information
Anderson Farms
Gary Wilkerson and Richard Anderson
179 NC 97 East
Tarboro, North Carolina 27886
(252) 823-4730
Planting Contractor Information
Carolina Silvics
Dwight McKinney
908 Indian Trail Road
Edenton, North Carolina 27932
(919) 523-4375
2.0 MONITORING PROGRAM
The Site monitoring protocol consists of a comparison between reference and restoration areas
along with evaluation of jurisdictional wetland criteria (Environmental Laboratory 1987).
Monitoring will entail analysis of two primary parameters: hydrology and vegetation. Monitoring
of restoration efforts will be performed for a minimum of 5 years or until success criteria are
fulfilled. The monitoring program is described below.
2.1 Wetland Hydrology
2.1.1 Hydrology Monitoring Procedure
After hydrological modifications were completed at the Site, continuously recording monitoring
gauges were installed in accordance with specifications outlined in Installing Monitoring
Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (NCWRP 1993). Monitoring gauges were set to a depth of
approximately 24 inches below the soil surface. Screened portions of each gauge were surrounded
by filter fabric, buried in a sand screen, and sealed with a bentonite cap to prevent siltation and
surface flow infiltration during floods.
Five monitoring gauges were installed in wetland restoration areas to provide representative
coverage of the Site (Figure 2). Two gauges were also placed in a reference area in similar
landscape positions to use as comparison with onsite conditions (Figure 1). Hydrological
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 3
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
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sampling will be performed in restoration and reference areas during the growing season (March
16 and November 14) at daily intervals necessary to satisfy the hydrology success criteria within
each physiographic landscape area.
2.1.2 Hydrologic Success Criteria
Target hydrological goals have been developed using regulatory wetland hydrology criteria and
reference wetland sites.
Regulatory Wetland Hydrology Criteria
The regulatory wetland hydrology criterion requires saturation (free water) within 1 foot of
the soil surface for 5 percent of the growing season under normal climatic conditions. In
some instances, the regulatory wetland hydroperiod may extend between 5 and 12.5
percent of the growing season.
Reference Groundwater Modeling
The reference groundwater model forecasted the wetland hydroperiod in restoration areas
will range between approximately 2 and 26 percent of the growing season in early
successional phases. Because wetland hydroperiods during old field stages of wetland
development are projected to extend for less than 12.5 percent of the growing season,
wetland monitoring plans that extend for a five year period after restoration will utilize a
minimum 5 percent wetland hydrology criterion to substantiate restoration success.
Reference Wetland Sites
Two monitoring gauges were installed in reference wetlands located in the northern and
eastern periphery of the Site. Wetland hydroperiods measured by groundwater gauges
located within the reference areas will be compared to hydroperiods exhibited by
groundwater gauges in the restoration area to further evaluate restoration success. Success
criteria outlined by the groundwater model indicates that the wetland restoration area
should maintain saturation within one foot of the soil surface for at least 74 percent of the
hydroperiod exhibited by the reference wetland gauges in any given year.
Under normal climatic conditions, the hydrologic success criterion requires saturation (free water)
within one foot of the soil surface for a minimum of 5 percent of the growing season. This
hydroperiod translates to saturation for a minimum, 12-day (5 percent) consecutive period during
the growing season, which extends from March 16 and November 14 (244 days) (USDA 1977).
In atypical dry years, the hydroperiod must exceed 75 percent of the hydroperiod exhibited by the
reference gauges. Reference gauge data will be used to compare wetland hydroperiods between
the restoration areas and relatively undisturbed reference wetlands. This data will supplement
regulatory evaluation of success criteria and also provide information that will allow interpretation
of mitigation success in years not supporting "normal" rainfall conditions.
2.1.3 Hydrological Monitoring Results and Comparison with Success Criteria
Hydrographs for each monitoring location are provided in Appendix A along with daily rainfall
totals for 2008 from a rain gauge located onsite. Groundwater data presented in Table 1 were
collected through October 8, 2008 for reference and restoration area gauges. Data will continue to
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 5
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
be downloaded monthly until the end of the 2008 growing season (November 14, 2008) and will
be available upon request.
All Site groundwater gauges achieved the defined (or targeted) success criteria for hydrology,
saturation (free water) within one foot of the soil surface for a minimum of 5 percent (12
consecutive days) of the growing season, in the Third Monitoring Year (Year 2008) (Table 1).
Table 1. 2008 (Year 3) Groundwater Gauge Results
2.2 Vegetation
2.2.1 Vegetation Monitoring Procedure
Restoration monitoring procedures for vegetation are designed in accordance with United States
Environmental Protection Agency guidelines presented in Mitigation Site Type (MiST)
documentation (USEPA 1990) and United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Compensatory Hardwood Mitigation Guidelines (USDOA 1993). The following presents a
general discussion of the monitoring program.
During the first year, vegetation received visual evaluations on a periodic basis to ascertain the
degree of overtopping of planted species by nuisance species. Quantitative sampling was
conducted in late summer of the first year. Subsequently, quantitative sampling of vegetation will
be performed between June 1 and September 30 of each monitoring year for five years or until the
vegetation success criteria are achieved.
Five sample transects were installed within planted areas of the Site to equally represent the
various hydrologic regimes (Figure 2). Each transect is 600 feet in length and 7.25 feet in width
(0.1 acre). Transects were centered on the five groundwater monitoring gauges and are defined by
the corresponding gauge number. In each sample plot, vegetation parameters monitored include
species composition and species density. Photographs of the five vegetation plots are included in
Appendix B.
2.2.2 Vegetation Success Criteria
Success criteria have been established to verify that the vegetation component supports
community elements necessary for floodplain forest development. Success criteria are dependent
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 6
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
upon the density and growth of Character forest species. Additional success criteria are dependent
upon density and growth of "Character Tree Species." Character Tree Species include planted
species and species identified through inventory of an approved reference (relatively undisturbed)
forest community used to design the planting plan. All canopy tree species planted and identified
in the reference forest will be utilized to define "Character Tree Species" as termed in the success
criteria.
Table 2. Character Tree Species
PLANTED SPECIES REFERENCE SITE SPECIES
Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
....................................................... ... . . . . . . .... ............... . . . . . . . .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
. ... ................. .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ..... .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . ............ . . . . . . . . ............... . . . . . . ..... .......................
Pond Pine (Pinus serotina)
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............. Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii)
....... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............. White Oak (Quercus alba)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cherrybark Oak (Quercus pagoda)
...... ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............. Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata)
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............. Hop Hornbean (Ostrya virginiana)
.................................................................................................._..........................................................................................................................................
Water Oak (Quercus nigra)
............. _.. _... _............ ............ ...... ................................... ................ ................................................................................. .................................. ............
.............. Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
............. .............................................. ..... _................................................. ...................... ................................ ............................................. ................. ........
Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
. ....................................... ...... ....... .... .................. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ...... ......................... . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. ............................................ _ ............................. . . ........................
Sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. ...... .... ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. . . . . . 1.111--- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ...... ............. ...... . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . American Beech (Fagus grandiflora)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
........ ........ . .............................................. . ........................ . . . . . . . . . . .................. . ................................... .......................................... ...... ............
River Birch (Betula nigra) Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa)
An average density of 320 stems per acre of Character Tree Species must be surviving in the first
three monitoring years. Subsequently, 290 Character Tree Species per acre must be surviving in
year 4 and 260 Character Tree Species per acre in year 5. Planted species must represent a
minimum of 30 percent of the required stems per acre total (96 stems/acre). Planted Character
Tree Species may serve as a seed source for species maintenance during mid-successional phases
of forest development. Each naturally recruited Character Tree Species may represent up to 10
percent of the required stems per acre total. In essence, seven naturally recruited Character Tree
Species may represent a maximum of 70 percent of the required stems per acre total. Additional
stems of naturally recruited species above the 10 percent and 70 percent thresholds are discarded
from the statistical analysis.
If vegetation success criteria are not achieved based on average density calculations from
combined plots over the entire restoration area, supplemental planting may be performed with tree
species listed in the Restoration Plan or observed in the Reference Site. Supplemental planting
will be performed as needed until achievement of vegetation success criteria.
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 7
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
No quantitative sampling requirements are proposed for herb assemblages as part of the vegetation
success criteria. Development of floodplain forests over several decades will dictate the success in
migration and establishment of desired understory and groundcover populations.
2.2.3 Vegetation Sampling Results and Comparison to Success Criteria
Quantitative sampling of vegetation was conducted in July 2008. Results are provided in Table 3.
Vegetation success criteria for year 3 (320 tree stems per acre) were exceeded for the 2008 annual
monitoring year with an average of 784 tree stems per acre across the Site. Each individual
vegetation plot met success criteria with a range of 664 to 874 tree stems per acre.
3.0 CONCLUSIONS
The Site achieved the defined (or targeted) success criteria, with saturation (free water) within one
foot of the soil surface for a minimum of 5 percent (12 consecutive days) of the growing season,
for all Site groundwater gauges in the Third Monitoring Year (Year 2008). A summary of
groundwater gauge data for the year 1 (2006) through year 3 (2008) is included in Table 4. Also,
vegetation plots across the Site were well above the required 320 stems per acre with an average
of 784 tree stems per acre in the Third Monitoring Year (Year 2008) (Table 5).
Table 4. Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results
Success Criteria Achieved/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season
Gauge Percenta e
Year 1 2006 Year 2 2007 Year 3 2008 Year 4 2009 Year 5 2010
1 Yes/56 days Yes/25 days Yes/132 days
(23 ercent) (10 percent) (54 percent)
2 Yes/56 days Yes/25 days Yes/71 days
(23 percent) (10 percent) (29 percent)
3 Yes/56 days Yes/48 days Yes/88 days
(23 percent) (20 percent) (36 percent)
4 Yes/56 days Yes/48 days Yes/71 days
(23 percent) (20 percent) (29 percent)
5 Yes/ 174 days Yes/99 days Yes/60 days
(71 percent) (41 percent) (25 percent)
Ref 1 Yes/101 days Yes/68 days
(41 percent) (28 percent)
Ref 2 Yes/117 days Yes/66 days Yes/70 days
(48 ercent) 27 percent) 29 percent)
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 8
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
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Table 5. Summary of Vegetation Plot Results
Stems/Acre Coun tin Towards Success Criteria
Plot Year 1
(2006) Year 2
2007 Year 3
(2008 Year 4
(2009) Year 5
2010
1 770 730 744
2 670 650 664
3 640 900 854
4 550 670 874
5 680 700 784
Average Plots 15 708 736 784
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 10
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
4.0 REFERENCES
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. Technical
Report Y-87-1. United States Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, MS.
North Carolina Wetlands Restoration Program (NCWRP). 1993. Installing Monitoring
Wells/Piezometers in Wetlands (WRP Technical Note HY-IA-3.1). North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1977. Soil Survey of Martin County, North
Carolina. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation
Service.
United States Department of the Army (USDOA). 1993 (unpublished). Compensatory Hardwood
Mitigation Guidelines. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1990. Mitigation Site Classification
(MIST). A Methodology to Classify Pre-Project Mitigation Sites and Develop
Performance Standards for Construction and Restoration of Forested Wetlands. USEPA
Workshop, August 13-15, 1989. USEPA Region IV and Hardwood Research Cooperative,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site page 11
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
APPPENDIX A
2008 GROUNDWATER GAUGE DATA
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
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APPPENDIX B
2007 GROUNDWATER GAUGE DATA
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
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2006 GROUNDWATER GAUGE DATA
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APPPENDIX D
VEGETATION PLOT PHOTOGRAPHS
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Vegetation Plot Photographs
Taken July 2008
Gatlin Swamp Wetland Restoration Site
Annual Wetland Monitoring Report Restoration Systems, LLC
Year 3 (2008)
vey rruc 1 I
Veg Plot 2
4