19990231 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20081215

CLEARWATER ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC.
December 9, 2008
Mr. Josh Pelletier
US Army Corps of Engineers
107 Union Drive, Suite 202
Washington, North Carolina 27889
Ms. Tammy Hill
NC Division of Water Quality
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Mr. David Moye
NC Division of Coastal Management
943 Washington Square Mall
Washington, North Carolina 27889
RE: Monitoring Year 3 Report for 7-Acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel, Hertford County, North Carolina
USACE Action ID 199811324
NCDWQ Project # 99-0231
NCDCM Permit # 79-99
Dear Mr. Pelletier, Ms. Hill, and Mr. Moye,
RF9@90W[20
DE(.' i 5 2oa
V,STLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
Nucor Steel (Nucor) was issued a Department of the Army Permit (No. 199811324), a NC Division of Water
Quality 401 Certification (99-0231), and a NC Division of Coastal Management Permit (79-99) to construct a
railroad crossing and stormwater management ponds in unnamed intermittent tributaries to the Chowan River
and wetlands adjacent to Brooks Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition of these
permits, Nucor is required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the Revised Compensatory
Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated November 8, 1999 and the Remedial
Wetland Mitigation Plan approved on February 15, 2005. The enclosed Monitoring Year 3 Report indicates
compensatory mitigation performed to date to offset impacts as authorized.
Thank you for your assistance with this matter. Please do not hesitate to contact me at [phone] if
you have any questions.
Sincerely,
R. Clement Riddle, P. S
Principal
Cc: Nucor Steel - Mr. Terry Hairston
718 Oakland Street
Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
www.cwenv.com
Prepared For:
nucaR
PLATE MILL
Nucor Steel
Post Office Box 279
Winton, North Carolina 27986
Monitoring Year 3 for
7-acre Created Wetland
December 2008
Prepared By:
Clearwater
ClearWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland Street
Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791
?[R@Rowmp
OED. 1 -? ?008
WE"s LAMS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
7

Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1
2.0 BACKGROUND ...........................................................................1
2.1 Location ..................................................................................... 1
2.2 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................... 2
2.3 Restoration Approach .................................................................... 2
2.4 History and Projected Schedule ......................................................... 3
2.5 Project Contacts ........................................................................... 4
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING ............................................................. 4
3.1 Vegetation Monitoring Protocol ........................................................ 4
3.2 Vegetation Success Criteria ............................................................. 5
3.3 Vegetation Monitoring Results ........................................................... 5
4.0 HYDROLOGY MONITORING ........................................................ 5
4.1 Hydrology Monitoring Protocol ........................................................ 6
4.2 Hydrology Success Criteria ............................................................. 6
4.3 Hydrology Monitoring Results .......................................................... 7
5.0 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................... 7
5.1 Vegetation Monitoring ...................................................................8
5.2 Hydrology Monitoring ................................................................... 8
List of Tables
Table l: History and Projected Schedule
Table 2: Project Contacts
Table 3: Monitoring Results of Planted Strems
Table 4: Hydrology Monitoring Results
List of Figures
Figure 1: Site Location Map
Figure 2: USGS Topographic Map
Figure 3: Created Wetland Layout
Figure 4: Murpheesboro WETS Station 2008
30-70 Percentile Graph
Appendices
Appendix A: Representative Photos
Appendix B: Well Data
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
' December 2008
1.0 INTRODUCTION
' Nucor Steel (Nucor) was issued a Department of the Army Permit (No. 199811324), a NC
Division of Water Quality (DWQ) 401 Certification (99-0231), and a NC Division of
Coastal Management (DCM) Permit (79-99) to construct a railroad crossing and stormwater
management ponds in unnamed intermittent tributaries to the Chowan River and wetlands
adjacent to Brooks Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition of
these permits, Nucor is required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the Revised
Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated
November 8, 1999 and the Remedial Wetland Mitigation Plan approved on February 15,
2005.
2.0 BACKGROUND
' The mitigation plan outlines activities which will offset unavoidable impacts to 2.32 acres of
jurisdictional freshwater wetlands. Jurisdictional wetlands are defined by 33 CFR Part
328.3(b) and are protected by the Clean Water Act (33 CFR 1344) which is administered
' and enforced by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Mitigation efforts for the
project include the following:
' creation of 7 acres of wetland
• creation of 0.604 acre of littoral shelf around Pond C 1
'
creation of 0.917 acre of littoral shelf around Pond B 1
' creation of 0.839 acre of littoral shelf around Pond Al
• creation of 0.504 acre of littoral shelf around Pond A3
• preservation of 14.87 acres of on-site wetlands
' preservation of 150 acres of off-site wetlands
' 2.1 Location
The project site is located in the Brooks Creek watershed approximately 7 miles
' southeast of the town of Winton, North Carolina. Brooks Creek is a tributary to
the Wiccacon River in Hertford County, North Carolina. The site is also located
in the Chowan River Basin and the US Geological Survey hydrologic unit code
' 03010203. The latitude and longitude for the project area are 36.3452618°N and
76.8244324°W, respectively. From Raleigh, take US Highway 64 East. Turn
north onto US Highway 13-NC Highway 42 towards Ahoskie, North Carolina. In
' Ahoskie, continue northeast on US Highway 13 towards Winton. Turn east
(right) onto US Old Highway 13. In Winton, turn southeast (right) onto River
Road. At the entrance to Nucor Steel, turn south (right). Turn east (left) onto
' Bazemore Road. The 7-acre wetland creation site is located on the northern (left)
Page 1 of 8
' MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
' side of Bazemore Road.
' 2.2 Goals and Objectives
The goals and objectives of the mitigation are as follows:
1. Create suitable compensatory mitigation for authorized impacts;
2. Create aquatic habitats;
3. Establish native vegetation through plantings; and
' 4. Improve the natural aesthetics of the location as a functional wetland.
The creation of the wetland area involved the following steps:
1. Grading of the site to a pre-determined elevation;
2. Installing a diffuser structure to provide hydrology to the site from an
adjacent stormwater pond; and
' 3. Planting native woody vegetation to accelerate the development of a
mature forested wetland.
2.3 Restoration Approach
The site was constructed over a one-year period beginning in the spring of 2001 and
' finishing in the winter of 2002. Prior to excavation, spot elevations within the
existing wetland "W/V were taken to set the target elevation for the creation area.
' The target elevation as set forth in the Revised Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation
Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated November 8, 1999 was 30.5 feet
above mean sea level (MSL). The as-built topographic survey conducted by the
' Bissell Group indicates that the site is near design elevation. Elevations mostly vary
from 30.19 to 30.92 feet above MSL throughout the site with several small isolated
depressions.
' As-built monitoring was conducted in May 2002, after construction and planting of
the mitigation areas. Hardwood saplings included the following species: bald
' cypress (Taxodium distichum), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), laurel oak
(Quercus laurifolia), water tupelo (Nyssa Mora), willow oak (Quercus phellos),
and water oak (Quercus nigra). Wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera) was planted along the
' transition area between the wetland area and the upland area. Herbaceous species
planted on the littoral shelves included pickerel weed (Pontederia cordata), arrow
arum (Peltandra virginica), soft rush (Juncus effusus), lizard's tail (Saururus
' cernuus), shallow sedge (Carex lurida) and uptight sedge (Carex stricta).
The first annual fall monitoring was conducted in October 2002. As documented in
' the fall of 2004, the tree survivability had fallen below the designated vegetation
success criteria. In 2004, a remedial wetland mitigation plan was submitted to the
USACE. The 2004 monitoring report indicated that the created wetland was semi-
permanently flooded from 2002 to 2004 and the planted oaks did not survive. The
mean density of trees per acre fell to 231, which did not meet the required 320 trees
per acre outlined in the original mitigation plan. It is important to note that tree
Page 2 of 8
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
survival rates for the more water tolerant species of cypress, tupelo, and ash
remained high (79-89% average) and lead to the conclusion that the most significant
' factor affecting oak tree mortality was long hydroperiods.
A remediation plan was approved by the DWQ on December 1, 2004 and by the
' USACE on February 15, 2005. In February of 2006, Nucor planted an additional
3,300 trees in the wetland creation area. Planted trees included cypress, tupelo, and
ash species; fewer oak species were planted and only in areas with the highest
elevation. In July of 2006, Nucor installed five new groundwater-monitoring wells
within the creation area and one new well within a reference wetland.
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Herbaceous species were planted in Pond BI during the spring of 2001; herbaceous
species were planted in Ponds C 1, A3, and half of Pond A 1 during the spring of
2002. The remainder of Pond Al was planted in June of 2002. In 2002 a total of
5,150 seedling tree species as described above were planted on a 6-foot by 10-foot
spacing for a total of 726 trees per acre and approximately 51,885 herbaceous
species were planted on 18-inch spacings per the Revised Compensatory Wetlands
Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated November 8, 1999. An
additional 3,300 hardwood trees were planted in 2006. Monitoring of wetlands will
conclude in 2010 with a regulatory review after the fifth year to determine success.
2.4 History and Projected Schedule
Tahle 1- Histnrv nntl PrniPrt,-d Crhodivla
Activity Planned or Actual Date
Planting of littoral shelf on Pond B 1 Spring 2001
Grading of 7-acre created wetland Spring 2001-Winter 2002
Planting of 7-acre created wetland February 2002
Planting of littoral shelves on Ponds C1, A1, and A3 Aril-June 2002
MY-1 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2002
MY-2 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2003
MY-3 monitoring and report submittal March-September 2004
Submittal of proposed remediation plan October 2004
NCDWQ approval of remediation plan December 2004
USACE approval of remediation plan February 2005
Remedial planting of 7-acre created wetland February 2006
Installation of new hydrology monitoring wells July 2006
MY-1 monitoring and report submittal July-November 2006
Well maintenance March 2007
MY-2 monitoring and report submittal March 2007-November 2007
Well Maintenance March 2008
MY-3 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2008
Well Maintenance March 2009
MY-4 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2009
Well maintenance March 2010
MY-5 monitoring and report submittal March-November 2010
'Italics indicate activities that have not yet taken place *
Page 3 of 8

D

MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
2.5 Project Contacts
Table 2: Prniect C'nntnetc
Newkirk Environmental
1887 Clements Ferry Road
Designer Charleston, South Carolina 29492
[phone]
Attn: Duncan Newkirk
Nucor Steel
Construction and Planting Contractor Post Office Box 279
Winton, North Carolina 27986
[phone]
Attn: Terry Hairston
C1earWater Environmental Consultants, Inc.
718 Oakland Street
Monitoring Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791
[phone]
Attn: Clement Riddle
3.0 VEGETATION MONITORING
Based on the approved remediation plan, 3,300 trees were planted in the creation area in the
winter of 2006. Three transects with a total of seven plots were located within the creation
area. The following tree species were planted during the remediation effort in the
wetland creation area:
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash
Quercus laurifolia Laurel Oak
Nyssa aquatica Water Tupelo
Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress
3.1 Vegetation Monitoring Protocol
' Vegetation monitoring was conducted in accordance with the Comprehensive
Wetland Determination Methodologies as described in the USACE Wetland
Delineation Manual 1987. Three line transects were established along a baseline
' transect generally oriented perpendicular to Bazemore Road. Sample plots were
permanently established at random, 300-foot intervals in the 7-acre creation area.
All transects and plots were marked with stakes painted a fluorescent color to
' facilitate identification and future monitoring. Vegetative species composition and
dominance were measured within each sample plot. Trees were monitored within
30-foot radius circular plots. Herbaceous vegetation was monitored within 5-foot
' radius circular plots. All herbaceous species were identified and the percent area
cover was recorded for each.
Page 4 of 8

F

r
F

3.2 Vegetation Success Criteria
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
The established success criteria require a minimum mean density of 320
characteristic trees per acre surviving for at least five years in the wetland creation
area. Characteristic tree species are those species planted along with natural
recruitment of other naturally occurring hydrophytic species. Sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer rubrum), and pines (Pinus spp) will not
be considered in the tally of the 320 trees per acre. No quantitative success criteria
were developed for the herbaceous and shrub assemblages as part of the vegetation
success criteria per the November 2002 mitigation plan and approved 2005
remediation plan.
3.3 Vegetation Monitoring Results
ranee 3: monitoring Kesults of Planted Stems

Plot # Bald

Cypress
Taxodium

distichum Water

Tupelo
Nyssa

Mora Green Ash

Fraxinus

pennsylvanica Laurel Oak

uercus
laurifolia
My-
3
3
Total

Original

Total

Density

(Tree/acre)
1 52 6 7 0 65 79 1000
2 25 48 9 0 82 101 1261
3 20 11 3 0 34 40 523
4 15 6 1 1 23 17 353
5 20 6 3 0 29 25 446
6 27 12 1 0 40 46 615
7 22 15 4 1 42 70 746
TOTAL 315 378
Average Density 692
Monitoring Year 3 tree counts revealed an average density of 692 trees per acre,
' which exceeds the 320 tree per acre minimum requirement. There was a decrease in
the average tree density from 925 trees per acre in 2007 to 692 trees per acres in
2008. Most of this decrease is the result of a change in sampling procedures
' between 2007 and 2008. The 2007 procedure counted a change in each stem of
multi-stemmed water tupelo while the 2008 procedure grouped multi-stemmed trees
' as one. Other tree and shrub species observed included red maple, eastern Baccharis
(Baccharis halimifolia), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), sweetgum, eastern cottonwood
(Populus deltotdes), and black willow (Salix nigra). Qualitative observations of the
' planted vegetation indicate that some planted trees appear to be stressed, most
likely as a result of a long period of below average rainfall (i.e., drought).
' 4.0 HYDROLOGY MONITORING
Nucor purchased and installed six new automated wells in 2006 to record the rise and fall of
the water table in the creation area and in the reference wetland. Routine maintenance of the
Page 5 of 8
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MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
wells are conducted in March of each monitoring season. The locations of the wells were
recorded using a Trimble GeoXT GPS unit and are shown on the enclosed Figure 3.
Locations of the wells are accurate to within 1 meter.
4.1 Hydrology Monitoring Protocol
Five new groundwater-monitoring wells in the creation area and one groundwater-
monitoring well in a reference wetland were installed on July 19, 2006. These wells
were installed according to Installing Monitoring Wells/Piezometers (ERDC TN-
WRAP-00-02) dated July of 2000. Monitoring wells will be used to evaluate
hydrology in the wetland creation area, local climate data, and reference wetland
hydrology. The automatic monitoring wells record readings of groundwater depth
every 12 hours. The Nucor Steel wetland site involved the construction of a
stormwater pond (C 1) adjacent to the wetland. Overflow from the pond enters into
the wetland creation area using a 300-foot diffuser. This connection should provide
adequate hydrologic input along with rainfall and groundwater to sustain the
necessary hydrology for the wetland area. The hydrologic monitoring should relate
the reaction of the groundwater and surface water levels to specific rainfall events.
Per the approved remedial action plan, Nucor conducted maintenance of the wells in
March of 2008. The wells were removed from the ground and taken to the Nucor
facility. The wells were washed using a pressure washer to remove debris and fine
particulates. After cleaning, the wells were re-installed adjacent to their original
location and per the above-mentioned guidelines.
4.2 Hydrology Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria for
hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of the
surface) by surface or groundwater for a consecutive 12.5% of the growing season.
Areas inundated for less than 5% of the growing season are always classified as non-
wetlands. Areas inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the growing season can be
classified as wetlands depending upon factors such as the presence of wetland
vegetation and hydric soils. The Revised Compensatory Wetlands Mitigation Plan
for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated November 8, 1999 set a target goal of
saturated soils for at least 22 days during the growing season.
The growing season in Hertford County begins March 28 and ends November 7.
These dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28°F or
lower after March 28 and before November 71. The growing season is 224 days;
therefore, optimum hydrology requires 12.5% of this season, or at least 33
consecutive days. A consecutive 10% would be equivalent to 22.4 days (rounded to
22 days) and a consecutive 5% would be equivalent to 11.2 days (rounded to 11
days). Local climate must also represent average conditions for the area.
I Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Hertford County, North Carolina, p. 61.
Page 6 of 8
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
' 4.3 Hydrology Monitoring Results
Data provided by the monitoring wells in the created wetland show saturation and
inundation for greater than 22 consecutive days of the growing season and represent
a successful hydrologic period.
' The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was converted into
a percentage of the 224-day growing season. The results are presented in Table 4.
' Appendix B contains graphs of the measured groundwater depths for each
monitoring well. The maximum number of consecutive days is noted on each graph.
Individual precipitation events, shown on the monitoring well graphs in Appendix B,
represent data collected from the rain gauge installed on site.
Figure 4 represents a comparison of the local precipitation data and historic
' precipitation data in order to determine whether 2008 was "average" in terms of
climate conditions. The figure compares the on-site rainfall from 2008 with that of
historical rainfall (data collected between 1971 and 2000). The graph shows 2008
' rainfall totals from March 2008 through November 2008, which includes the
growing season for this site.
1
1
Tnhle 4e Hvrlrnlnav MnnifnAnn D--u,
Monitoring
Gauge <5% 5-8% 8-12.5% >12.5% Actual Number of Success
11 days)
(< 11-18 days
( )
(19-28 days)
(> 28 days) Consecutive Days
Dates
(percent)
GW1 • 29% (65 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 01
GW2 • 30% (67 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 02
GW3 • 29% (65 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 01
GW4 • 33% (75 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 11
GW5 • 34% (76 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 11
RW1 • 26% (58 days) Mar. 28 -
Jun. 29
5.0 CONCLUSIONS
Nucor Steel was issued a Department of the Army Permit, a DWQ 401 Certification, and a
DCM Permit to construct a railroad crossing and stormwater management ponds in
unnamed intermittent tributaries to the Chowan River and wetlands adjacent to Brooks
Creek in Hertford County, North Carolina. As a special condition of these permits, Nucor is
required to implement mitigation measures outlined in the Revised Compensatory Wetlands
Mitigation Plan for Nucor Steel Plate Recycling Mill dated November 8, 1999 and the
Remedial Wetland Mitigation Plan approved on February 15, 2005. This report represents
Monitoring Year 3 of the 5-year monitoring period required in the aforementioned plans.
Page 7 of 8

d
5.1 Vegetation Monitoring
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
' Monitoring Year 3 tree counts revealed an average density of 692 trees per acre,
which is above the 320 tree per acre minimum requirements. No remediation
actions are recommended at this time. Qualitative observations of the planted
' vegetation indicate that some planted trees appear to be stressed, most likely as a
result of a long period of below-average rainfall. The drought has also allowed
some upland species to establish themselves in the wetland area. When
' precipitation levels return to normal, the upland species may experience
stress/mortality and be out competed by wetland species.
' 5.2 Hydrology Monitoring
The monitoring wells in the created wetland show saturation and inundation for
' greater than 12.5% of the growing season and represent a successful hydrologic
period. The monthly rainfall totals to date were below the average range for the
majority of the growing season. Overall, the hydrology did seem to decreased as
' compared to previous years and may be attributed to the drought.

Page 8 of 8
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MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
APPENDIX A
Representative Photographs
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
Photo 1: Overview of Transect 1. Facing NE.
rnoto l: uvervllew ot''Fransect 3. Facing NE.
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
nutu 4: i ransect i, riot 'L. racing [NE.
Photo 3: Transect 1, Plot 1. Facing NE.
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
Photo 5: Transect 1, Plot 3. Facing NE.
ruuw u. i ransect L, riot 4. racing 1NL.
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
Photo 7: Transect 2, Plot 5. Facing NE.
rnoto 8: 1 ransect 3, Plot b. Facing NE.
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
Photo 9: Transect 3, Plot 7. Facing NE.
MY-3 Report for 7-acre Created Wetland
Nucor Steel
December 2008
APPENDIX B
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