20000008 Ver 1_Yera 5 Monitoring Report_20080414

2000 0008
LMG
LAND MANAGEMENT GROUP INC.
Environmental Consultants
April 10, 2008
Mr. John Dorney
NC Division of Water Quality/Wetlands Unit
Mail Service Center 1650
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
RE: Mason Inlet Relocation Project: Annual Monitoring Report (Year 5) - Compensatory Wetland Mitigation Site
Dear Mr. Dorney:
On behalf of New Hanover County (NC), Land Management Group, Inc. (LMG) is providing a copy of the
wetland mitigation site "Annual Monitoring Report (Year 5)" for the Mason Inlet Relocation Project. This report
documents mitigation site progress through the fifth year of monitoring (October 2007). This document
represents the final year of monitoring for this project. As described in the report, the mitigation site has met or
exceeded performance criteria through the final growing season and appears to be progressing well toward a
functional coastal marsh system.
Copies of this report have also been forwarded to NC Division of Coastal Management (DCM) and the US Army
Corps of Engineers (USACE). If you have any questions or comments regarding the enclosed report, please
contact me either by email at [e-mail] or by phone at [phone]. Thank you for your
attention to this project.
Sincerely,
Land Management Group, Inc.
Brent Manning, PWS
Environmental Scientist
encl.
cc: Steve Everhart, NC DCM - Wilmington
Keith Harris, USACE - Wilmington
Dave Weaver, New Hanover County
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a Wwu??
APR 14 2008
WMANpSANC S OROA R BRANCH
www.lmgroup.net • [e-mail] • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
3805 Wrightsville Ave., Suite 15, Wilmington, NC 28403 • P.O. Box 2522, Wilmington,
NC 28402
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1
On November 28, 2001, The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) issued
CAMA Major Permit #151-01 to New Hanover County for excavation and beach deposition
' activities associated with the relocation of Mason Inlet at the north end of Wrightsville
Beach, NC. Project authorization was also received by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(COE) (Action ID No. 19901052) and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ) (WQC
Project #000008). Inclusive in the permitted activities was the excavation of Mason Creek
and related impacts to 1.9 acres of coastal marsh habitat. Channel excavation was considered
a necessary component of the project to produce the designed ebb-flow volumes for Mason
L Creek and Banks Channel, ultimately resulting in a more "stable" inlet location and
minimizing the frequency of inlet maintenance activities. By reducing the frequency of
maintenance activities, impacts associated with the placement of dredged materials on the
nearby beaches was also minimized.
A comprehensive Wetland Mitigation Plan ("Plan") providing detailed methodology for
I proposed wetland mitigation activities was submitted in December 2000 and subsequently
approved by reviewing regulatory agencies. Mitigation site construction was initiated in
March 2003 and planting completed in May (2003). Year 1 monitoring demonstrated the
successful establishment of approximately 8.7 acres of restored coastal marsh. The following
t report (including narrative and supporting graphics) provides documentation of mitigation
site progress related to vegetation and hydrology through the fifth growing season (Fall
2007). More specific information related to pre-construction conditions, mitigation design,
and project construction is provided in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003.
1
2.0 MITIGATION GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The objective of the wetland mitigation plan was to replace the spatial extent of marsh
impacted by the dredging of Mason Creek. The long-term goal of the mitigation project is to
establish marsh habitat functionally equivalent to the impacted areas. Ultimately, the
restored marsh will provide ecologic functions (e.g. primary productivity, nutrient
retention/transformation, and faunal habitat) equivalent to natural S. alterniflora stands in the
Middle Sound marsh complex. An additional 19 acres of adjacent undisturbed marsh habitat
t will be protected in perpetuity through a conservation easement (to be granted to an approved
third party beneficiary).
A dredge disposal island located adjacent to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW)
west of Figure Eight Island was identified and secured for restoration work (refer to Figures
1-3). Grading and planting was designed and implemented to provide for complete
functional restoration of coastal marsh habitat. The balance of the mitigation effort was
' achieved through the 5:1 preservation covenant (equivalent to 19 acres) of intertidal marsh
habitat located behind Figure 8 Island.
' 3.0 SITE DESIGN
The mitigation site design incorporated four zones of habitat manifesting from gradual
changes in substrate elevation and vegetative species composition. The four zones and the
design acreage are listed below:
(1) Open water tidal channel - 1.4 ac
(2) Intertidal marsh (S. alterniflora) - 5.2 ac
(3) Supratidal high marsh (S. patens) - 2.1 ac
(4) Upland sand dune* 2.0 ac
TOTAL 10.7 ac
(*Note: The upland sand dune was not intended to count toward the mitigation credit. Therefore, the design acreage of the
mitigation area totaled 8.7 ac)
2
The tidal channel is intended to provide a conduit for tidal flushing and enhanced exchange
of detrital material to adjacent open waters. In addition, the channel provides an increased
edge effect that will favor fish utilization of restored S. alterniflora habitat for feeding and
refuge.
4.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Specific grading activities are detailed in the `As-Built' Report submitted in July 2003.
All grading activities were completed in April 2003. Final construction grades are
documented on the attached `as-built' survey (see Figure 3). Photographs documenting site
grading were provided in the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring Report.
Subsequent to site grading, sixty-six thousand (66,000) seedlings of S. alterniflora were
planted on 2-ft centers within an approximate 5.2-acre restored low marsh area. Planting was
conducted within sandy sediments of the upper half of the local tidal range. An additional
15,000 seedlings of S. patens were planted on 2-ft centers within the 1.9-acre restored high
marsh area. In addition to the Spartina seedlings, six hundred (600) shrubs (including M.
cerifera, Iva frutescens, and Baccharis halimifolia) were planted along the perimeter of the
restored high marsh area. Site planting was conducted during the last week of April and first
week of May (2003). Refer to the `As-Built' Report and the Year 1 Annual Monitoring
Report for photographs documenting site planting.
5.0 AS-BUILT ACREAGE
Table 1 provides a breakdown of mitigation site design acreage and as-built acreage. The
deviation of design versus as-built acreage for intertidal marsh and high marsh is a result of a
modification to design prior to construction. Based upon the observed presence of a
Phragmites stand on the northeast edge of the island, project scientists opted to increase the
slope of the high marsh area and concurrently decrease the area favorable for Phragmites
3
TABLE 1: MITIGATION SITE ACREAGE
AREA DESIGN ACREAGE AS-BUILT ACREAGE
Open Water Tidal Channel 1.4 1.42
Intertidal Marsh
(S. alterniflora 5.2 6.04
Supratidal High Marsh
S. patens 21 1.21
Upland Sand Dune 2.0 1.89
Total 10.7 10.56
invasion. By doing so, the intertidal marsh acreage increased accordingly. The constructed
wetland replacement acreage (restored intertidal marsh + restored high marsh + tidal channel
= 8.67 ac) deviated by only 0.03 acres from the design acreage (8.7).
6.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Site success criteria are used to evaluate the development of a created or restored wetland in
relation to stated project goals and objectives. Monitoring of various biological and physical
parameters help demonstrate the relative success of the marsh restoration site.
The identified success criteria for the Mason Inlet mitigation site are:
(1) "Demonstrated survival rate of plantings and naturally colonized individuals to
meet or exceed 75%, " and
(2) "Vegetative density of the restoration marsh to meet or exceed 75% of the density
of the reference marsh. "
The Braun-Blanquet (B-B) Method (Braun-Blanquet 1965) is being used to determine the
frequency of occurrence (i.e. survival), abundance, and density of vegetation within the
restored marsh and the reference site. The B-B method prescribes scale values corresponding
to variations in percent vegetative cover in a designated quadrat (e.g. one meter-square).
4
From a survey of randomly selected quadrats, frequency of occurrence, abundance, and
density can be calculated as follows:
(1) Frequency of Occurrence = number of occupied quadrats / total number of
quadrats,
(2) Abundance = sum of B-B scale values / number of occupied quadrats, and
(3) Density = sum of B-B scale values / total number of quadrats.
j The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference
marsh. The S. alterniflora zone will experience semi-diurnal flooding of similar amplitudes
j and duration as those of adjacent natural S. alterniflora stands. In addition, the high marsh
zone will experience soil saturation in the upper 12 inches of substrate and be periodically
' inundated during storm events and lunar spring tides (mimicking natural high marsh habitat).
7.0 MONITORING PROTOCOL
Monitoring of the mitigation site is conducted near the end of each growing season
(September or October) to evaluate annual progress of the restoration effort. Natural marsh
stands located adjacent to the mitigation area are also monitored to provide reference data
(refer to Figure 3 for location of reference transects).
Five (5) permanent transects were established within the restored marsh site and
corresponding GPS coordinates were recorded. One transect (M2) consists of three distinct
monitoring areas separated by the split tidal channel. Two additional transects (R1 and R2)
have been established adjacent to the mitigation island within natural existing marsh. These
serve as reference transects to be used in the collection of baseline vegetation and hydrologic
data. The location of all monitoring transects are depicted on the `as-built' drawing (Figure
3). Quadrat samples are located during each monitoring event based upon randomly
generated distances from the transect centerline.
1
Planting densities are calculated based on percent cover within one meter-square quadrats
according to the B-B method. A total of 56 quadrats are sampled for monitoring within the
restored site. An additional 16 quadrats are sampled in the adjacent reference marsh.
The hydrologic regime of the restoration zones will mimic that of the selected reference
marsh. To document restored and reference area hydrology, a total of four automated tide
gauges (manufactured by Remote Data Systems, Inc.) were installed on the site. Two gauges
were installed in the restored marsh and two in the reference marsh (refer to Figure 3 for the
location of tide gauges). Hydrology was recorded each half-hour through the use of these
automated devices.
8.0 MONITORING RESULTS & RESTORATION SITE PROGRESS
Mean percent coverage of planted and naturally colonized individuals in the restored marsh
(observed across 55 of the 56 quadrats) was 60.4% (an increase from Year 1 percent
coverage of 42%). Mean percent coverage in the reference marsh (observed across 16
quadrats) was 70.3%. Using the B-B method (as described above), percent coverage was
converted to a scale value for each quadrat (refer to Table 2 for summary data by transect).
These scale values were then used for the determination of frequency of occurrence
("survival"), abundance, and density (see below).
Frequency of Occurrence (Survival). = 98%
Abundance,,, = 3.91
Density,,, = 3.91
Density, = 4.44
Density. / Density, = 88%
(m = mitigation site; r = reference site)
The two lines in bold type above indicate those measurements related to the stated
performance criteria. Both the survival rate and the relative percent density (mitigation vs.
6
reference) meet the 75% criteria. According to the B-B method, establishment of vegetation
is considered successful if the calculated density at the restored site is equal to or greater than
75% of the calculated value for density at the reference site at the end of the fifth growing
season. The Mason Inlet mitigation site exhibits 98% frequency of occurrence and 88%
density of the restoration marsh after the fifth growing season.
TABLE 2. SUMMARY DATA BY TRANSECT
TRANSECT NUMBER OF
QUADRATS SUM OF B-B SCALE
VALUES CALCULATED
DENSITY (B-B)
M 1 8 29 3.63
M2 22 79 3.59
M3 7 32 4.57
M4 13 54 4.15
M5 6 25 4.17
TOTALm 56 219 3.91
R1 8 39 4.88
R2 8 32 4.00
TOTALr 16 71 4.44
ku, - iuu,bauvii „ic, i - ictuicnce rnarsn)
The restored site exhibits semidiurnal flooding with tidal amplitudes and duration of flooding
similar to adjacent reference marshes (see enclosed hydrographs in Appendix B). Gauge data
are referenced to NGVD 1929 with both low mean water (MLW) and mean high water
(MHW) depicted on the hydrographs. Gauge data illustrate the semidiurnal flooding of
intertidal well locations for both the reference and restored marsh areas. Tidal inundation of
high marsh well locations (both reference and restored areas) are only evident during higher
tides.
The site continues to show use by characteristic coastal marsh fauna - including fiddler crabs
(Uca spp.), great blue heron, great egret, blue crabs and various juvenile finfish within the
7
tidal channel. S. alterniflora growth (both culms and roots) appears to be robust (refer to site
photographs in Appendix A). In addition, volunteer growth of S. patens, Distichlis spicata,
and Salicornia spp. is evident along some areas of restored high marsh. The Phragmites
australis stand that existed on the island prior to mitigation site activities has been reduced
significantly from increased exposure to flooding and high saline waters. It appears as
though Phragmites will not pose a threat to the success of planted Spartina seedlings.
9.0 FINAL PROJECT CONDITIONS
The annual monitoring conducted in September 2007 concludes the review period for this
project. In addition to the survivorship and hydrologic data, the site has also developed
several additional positive attributes. Several small tributaries (50-75' in length) have
developed within the original restoration footprint which provide additional edge habitat for
juvenile fish species as well as an appropriate substrate for oyster colonization. These
tributaries also exhibit the typical tall form Spartina growth found along creek edges in
mature marsh systems.
Overall, the system has remained stable throughout the five year monitoring period, with
survivorship meeting or exceeding the minimum success criteria in each year. The
development of the small tributaries adjacent to the main channels has further enhanced both
the habitat and water quality functions of the project. Given the stability of the designed
channels, colonization by desirable volunteer plant species, and the faunal utilization
observed throughout the course of monitoring, it is likely that the restoration area will
continue to develop into a stable, mature marsh system.
9.0 CONCLUSION
Based upon performance monitoring data collected through the fifth growing season
(September 2007), the Mason Inlet mitigation site is progressing well toward a functional
coastal marsh. Both the frequency of occurrence (survival) and the density (relative to
8
reference plots) have exceeded the 75% criteria. In addition, hydrology of the restored marsh
areas is clearly matching reference wetland hydrology with respect to tidal amplitude and
frequency of inundation. The site also is providing refuge and feeding habitat for resident
and migratory fauna (as observed during numerous site inspections). Monitoring results
suggest that the site will continue to develop conditions of a functional wetland system.
9
10.0 REFERENCE LITERATURE
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1965. Plant Sociology: The study of plant communities: translated,
revised, and edited by C.D. Fuller and H.S. Conrad. Hafner, London.
Broome, S.W., E. Seneca and W. Woodhouse, Jr. 1982. Building and Stabilizing Coastal
Dunes with Vegetation. Pub. UNC Sea Grant 85-05.
Broome, S.W. 1990. Creation and restoration of tidal wetlands of the Southeastern United
States. pp. 37-72 in Kusler, M.E. (eds.) Wetland Creation and Restoration: the Status
of the Science. Island Press, Washington DC.
Hara, T., J. van der Toorn, and J.H. Mook. 1993. Growth dynamics and size structure of
shoots of Phragmites australis, a clonal plant. J. Ecol. 81: 47-60.
10

FIGURES
1
Mason Inlet Mitigation Island Figure 1.
?~ 1 Vicinity Map
` New Hanover County
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APPENDIX A
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

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(1) View of mitigation site in mid September (2007)
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(2) View of western tidal channel in mid October (2006)
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(3) View of monitoring at M5 transect (September 2007)

(4) View of reference site transect R1 (September 2007)
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4
APPENDIX S
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