199515250 Ver 1_Complete File_19950303

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APR 1 9 2005
'Ir DENR - WATER QUALITY
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMII14T OF TRANSPORTATION
MICHAEL F. EASLEY
GOVERNOR
April 14, 2005
Mr. William D. Gilmore, P.E.
EEP Transition Manager
Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
Dear Sir:
LYNDo TIPPETT
SECRETARY
Subject: Long Swamp Wetland Mitigation Site, Associated with the Rockingham/Hamlet
Bypass (R-512); Richmond County
The purpose of this letter is to request that the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program
(EEP) provide confirmation that the EEP is willing to provide compensatory mitigation for the
project, in accordance with the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) signed July 22, 2003 by the
USACE, the NCDENR and the NCDOT. This request has become necessary due to current
deficits that exist at the above-mentioned site, which was acquired and constructed to provide
compensatory mitigation for the roadway project referenced.
This letter was prepared in August 2004, but after discussion with EEP management the
Department was advised that a formal request would not be required. Per the April 14, 2005
meeting between NCDOT and EEP, the Department has been advised to submit a formal request
for any deficits on closed mitigation sites.
The Department constructed the above mentioned mitigation site in August 1998 to offset
unavoidable wetland impacts associated with sections of the US 74 (Rockingham/Hamlet
Bypass). Some restoration areas of the mitigation site have failed to meet the optimum
hydrology, as was required in the USACE 404 permit for the roadway construction project. The
restored wetlands were delineated in June 2002, in order to inventory and document successful
areas of the site. Currently the post-construction monitoring has been completed per the
mitigation plan for this site. The Department has requested that the appropriate regulatory
agencies close out this site. In addition to the Long Swamp Mitigation Site, the Department also
needs riverine wetland credits in order to comply with the USACE 404 permit requirements.
The EEP has been made aware of this project since early 2003, as a part of the NCDOT/EEP
coordination meetings. This additional mitigation was part of the "full-delivery" proposals that
were solicited in March 2003. As was reported in the NCDOT/EEP coordination meetings, no
proposals were received for this particular hydrologic unit. Furthermore it was documented that
these deficits were incorporated in a second "full-delivery" proposal that was send out through
EEP in December 2003. In a meeting on June 17, 2004, the Department presented the need to
remedy the deficits at this mitigation site to the EEP. At this meeting, all NCDOT mitigation
sites that are currently in the monitoring phase were discussed, as well as potential problems with
some sites.
Following the post-construction monitoring, there are deficits at the mitigation site that need to
be addressed in order to bring the R-512 roadway project in to compliance, as is required by the
environmental permits. The specifics of the deficits regarding the wetland impacts/
compensatory mitigation requirements for this project are as follows:
• Richmond County, Piedmont Province
• River Basin, Cataloguing Unit: 03040201
• 20 Ac. of restored riverine wetland mitigation
• 43.1 Ac. of restored non-riverine bottomland hardwood wetland mitigation
These deficits are included in the seven (7) year Transportation Improvement Program
impacts that are currently being provided by the Department to the EEP.
Please send the letter of confirmation to Mr. Richard Spencer (USAGE Coordinator) at U.
S. Army Corps of Engineers Wimington Regulatory Field P.O. Box 1890, Wilmington, NC
28402-1890).
In order to satisfy regulatory assurances that mitigation will be performed; the NCDWQ
requires a formal letter from EEP indicating their willingness and ability to provide the
mitigation work requested by NCDOT. The NCDOT requests such a letter of confirmation be
addressed to Mr. John Dorney of NCDWQ, with copies submitted to NCDOT.
If you have any questions or need additional information please call Mr. Phil Harris at
715-1384.
Sincerely,
A T-
Grego J. Thorpe, Ph.D.,
Environmental Management Director
Project Development & Environmental Analysis Branch
i
cc: Mr. Richard Spencer, USACE-Wimington Regulatory Field Office
Mr. Nicole Thompson, NCDWQ
Mr. David Franklin, USACE-Wilmington
Ms. Gary Jordan, USFWS
Mr. Chris Militscher, USEPA
Ms. Travis Wilson, NCWRC
Mr. Tim Johnson, PE, NCDOT Division Engineer
Mr. Philip S. Harris III, PE CPM, NCDOT-ONE
Mr. Randy Griffin Jr., NCDOT-ONE
q§?.N
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. P.O. 13OX 25201. RAL.EIGLI, N.C. 27611-5201 DAVID MCCOY .
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
July 19, 1999
5 ??
Mr. John Dorneya
NCDENR
Division of Water Quality, Wetlands -
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1621
Re: Long Swamp Mitigation Site, Hoke County, TIP Project R-512WM
Dear Mr. Dorney:
Please find enclosed the As-Built Report for the Long Swamp Mitigation Site located in
Hoke County. The Resident Engineer responsible for this project, Mr. A.L. Nelson, P.E.,
has certified that the site was constructed according to construction plan sheets, with the
exceptions noted in this As-Built Report.
For completeness purposes, the following information has been included with the
As-Built Report: (1) Letter of Construction Compliance, (2) As-Built Plan Sheet(s),
(3) Planting Plan Sheets, (4) Well Location Map, and (5) Estimate of Quantities.
If you should have any questions or require additional information, please contact Charles
R. Cox, P.E., Natural Systems Engineer, at [phone], Ext. 301.
Sincerely,

V.C. Bruton, Ph.D., Assistant Manager
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
VCB/crc
Enclosures
Cc: David Franklin, USACE
David Timpy, USACE
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNTJR.
GOVERNOR
Mr. E. David Franklin
August 21, 2000
DAVID MCCOY
SECRETARY

s?
Department of the Army
Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Dear Mr. Franklin:
WT:-TLhidDS
WATER 0! 1,,.! ; Y
Subject: Long Swamp Site (Mitigation for Rockingham Hamlet Bypass, TIP
R-512WM, USACE Action ID 199301490)
We received your letter dated July 18, 2000, which stated several concerns over the Long
Swamp Mitigation site, which is currently the primary mitigation for the Rockingham
Hamlet Bypass. We have evaluated these concerns and have provided the following
responses:
Concern #1: LSG1, LSG2, LSG3, LSG4, LSG5, LSG7, and LSG10 have failed to
meet the required success criteria in the monitoring report.
Evaluating the data so far this year, most of the groundwater gauges for this site have
shown considerable improved results over the 1999 data. The exceptions are LSG4,
LGG5, and LSG7, which is had slight improvements (see attached table). It must be
noted from Figure 9 that LSG7 is located in an area that was determined to be a
jurisdictional wetland.
As a result of the recent improvements in hydrology and the young stage of this
mitigation site (only the second year of monitoring), we believe that we would be short
sighted in not giving the site another year to determine if the hydrology continues to
improve. If the site doesn't continue to improve and eventually meet the success criteria,
NCDOT is committed to performing remediation to the site where possible.
MAILING ADDRESS:
NC DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND ENV:RONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1548 MAIL SERVICE CENTER
RALEIGH NC 27699-1548
TELEPHONE : [phone]
FAX: [phone]
WEBSITE: WWW. DOH. DOT. STATE. NC. US
LOCATION:
TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
1 SOUTH WILMINGTON STREET
RALEIGH NC
2
Concern #2: The monitoring report failed to show the reference sites.
We apologize that the monitoring report did not explicitly state any reference sites. From
the mitigation planning report, there are two reference wetland areas (see attached Figure
13). Gauges LSG13 and LSG14 are located in the non-riverine reference site area.
Gauges LSG15 and LSG16 are located in the riverine reference site area. Therefore, the
reference area data was in the 1999 report, just not identified clearly as reference sites.
Concern #3: There are too many gauges in existing wetland areas and too few
gauges in "restoration" areas.
After evaluating the distribution of gauges throughout the site, NCDOT agrees that more
gauges are needed in the restoration areas to better monitor the hydrology. However, we
see the importance of keeping gauges in the existing wetlands as a comparison of overall
site conditions. Therefore, five more gauges will be installed in these restoration areas
(see Figure 2).
Concern #4:
Even with Long Swamp as mitigation for R-512, an additional 20 acres of mitigation
is still required.
According to the permit, Long Swamp (which was fully debited for R-512) and Gibson
Pond (which was only half debited) provided the mitigation. If "restoration" mitigation is
required for the 20 acres, we have nothing currently available in this area of the Yadkin-
Pee Dee Basin. However, the options we do have available are:
Gibson Pond, which still has 41.5 acres of wetland credit (preservation only) and
108.5 acres of upland buffer credit.
Full Delivery Projects, Yadkin Basin (Rowan, Davidson Counties) - underway.
Key Branch, Anson County - in ROW acquisition stage, no planning document yet
completed.
In closing, we trust that you will find these responses sufficient in maintaining
compliance with the R-512 permit requirements. We will need to meet to finalize the
details on the 20-acre deficiency. If necessary, we can meet onsite to discuss the matter.
If you should have additional questions concerning these efforts, please contact Charles
R. Cox, P.E., Natural Systems Engineer at [phone].
Sincerely,
Y, C - f, 't
William D. Gilmore, P.E., Manager
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
WDG/crc
Attachments
Cc: Mr. Scott McLendon, USACE
Mrs. Kelly Williams, DCM
Mr. Tom McCartney, FWS
Mr. John Hennessy, DWQ
Long Swamp Mitigation Site
Monitoring 2000
Comparison of 1999 Results to 2000 Results:
(1999 RESULTS MARCH -AUGUST 31)
Monitoring
Well < 5%
(<12 dy) 5-8%
(12-18 dy) 8-12.6%
(19-29 dy) > 12.6%
(>30 dy) Actual %
LS-G1 ? 6.25
LS-G2 .8
LS-G3 0
LS-G4 0
LS-G5 0
LS-G7 3.3
LS-G8 29.2
LS-G9 24.6
LS-G 10 ? 11.7
LS-G11 16.7
LS-G12 17.1
LS-G13 11.3
LS-G14 5.8
LS-G 15 30.0
LS-G 16 ? 30.8
(2000 RESULTS MARCH 17 - JULY 16)
Monitoring
Well < 5%
(<12 dy) 6-8%
(12-18 dy) 8-12.6%
(19-29 dy) > 12.5%
(>30 dy) Actual %
LS-G1 23.4
LS-G2 6.3
LS-G3 5.4
LS-G4 4.2
LS-G5 .4
LS-G7 3.3
LS-G8 25.9
LS-G9 ? 27.2
LS-G 10 ? 24.7
LS-G1 1 27.2
LS-G 12 ? 25.9
LS-G 13 ? 26.8
LS •G 14 22.6
LS-G15 25.5
LS-G 16 ? 26.4
a z
ER96021.06/LCNG_ALL.DGN
=Mann= s s s .? --
1
I.;
A
I
L ?
i
Hectares Acres
® Non-Hydric Sole 20.4 50.4
® Prior-Converted Cropland 21.0 51.8
Wetland Hydrology Removed 13.5 33.4
Welland Hydrology Present 43.1 106.4
Totob 98.0 242.0
-Does not include 3 ho/7ac of rood3/h,9h1oY corridor.

PRE RESTORATION WETLAND HYDROLOGY
LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
HOKE COUNTY,NORTH CAROLINA
1I?
1
II
I
li
T
.?- A6Ngotion Site Boundary
----- Ditch or Remnant Stream
- - - - Powerline
Road/Powerline Corridor
Road
a
1u
i,
r
Drown By: PJS Figure 9
Checked Bye RGH Project:ER96021.06
Scde! 1'•450' Dole' Moy 1997
FIGURE 2; LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
MONITORING GAUGE LOCATIONS (Revised 8/2000)
SR 1105 (01d Wlre Road) LS-GI
? III
i__ --- LS=G2
LS=GIO
LS=G17 (New)
LS=G18 (New)
LS=GII - '->
LS=G12
10
LS=G13 (Ref)

LS=G7
LS=G8
LS=G3
LS=G4
LS=G5
LS=G19 (New)
LS=G20 (New)
0-„ LS=G9
LS=G14 (Ref)
0 GROUNDWATER MONITORING GAUGE
LS=G16 (Ref)
LS=G21 (New)
SR 1108 (W1180n Road,
LS-G15 (Ref)
D
e.n STA/[ u?
•` o.w ?• iA
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. _ P.O. BOX 25201, RALEIGH, N.C. 27611-5201
GOVERNOR
August 9, 1999
9 j
i
DAVID MCCOY
SECRETARY
Mr. David Timpy
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
Post Office Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402-1890
Re: Long Swamp Mitigation Site, Hoke County, TIP Project R-512WM
Dear Mr. Timpy:

Please find enclosed the As-Built Report for the Long Swamp Mitigation Site located in
Hoke County. The Resident Engineer responsible for this project, Mr. A.L. Nelson, P.E.,
has certified that the site was constructed according to construction plan sheets, with the
exceptions noted in this As-Built Report.
For completeness purposes, the following information has been included with the
As-Built Report: (1) Letter of Construction Compliance, (2) As-Built Plan Sheet(s),
'3) Planting Plan Sheets, (4) Well Location Map, and (5) Estimate of Quantities.
Please ignore any previous submittals of as-builts for this project. If you should have any
questions or require additional information, please contact Charles R. Cox, P.E., Natural
Systems Engineer, at [phone], Ext. 301.
Sincerely,
'? C dw?
V.C. Bruton, Ph.D., Assistant Manager
Project Development and Environmental
Analysis Branch
VCB/crc
Enclosures
Cc: David Franklin, USACE
John Dorney, DWQ
Gordon Cashin, PDEA
Lynn Smith, PDEA
9h; l day- r s

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
JAMES B. HUNT JR. DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS E. NORRIS TOLSON
GOVERNOR SECRETARY
October 28, 1998
PROJECT NO.: 6.589008T (R-512 WM)
COUNTY: HOKE
P. O. NO: 990857
DESCRIPTION: Long Swamp Wetland Mitigation Site Preparation
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. Phil Harris, P.E., Wetland Mitigation Coordinator
FROM: A. L. Nelson, P.E., Resident Engineer
SUBJECT: Long Swamp Mitigation Site
Construction of the above site was monitored and inspected by my office to ensure
conformity with the plans prepared by NCDOT.
I hereby certify that the Long Swamp Site has been prepared according to the purchase
order contract and plan sheets except as noted.
/r
Every effort was made to-construct this site in accordance with the best information and
guidance that was available at the time.
If any additional information is needed, please contact my office.
ALN:JLF:kbg
cc: Mr. W. F. Rosser, P.E.
Ms. Kendra Williamson
R-512WM
Long Swamp Mitigation Site
Hoke County
Time Frame:
Date of Availability for Construction - July 6, 1998
Completion Date - October 16, 1998
Estimate of Quantities:
TEM UNIT SCHEDULED
QUANTITY ACTUAL
QUANTITY
Mobilization EA 1 1
Supplemental ACRE ? 0.1
Clearing/Grubbing
Grading EA 1 1
Drainage Ditch Excavation CY 175 162
Found. Cond. Mat'l TON 10 0
48-Inch RC Pipe Culvert,
Class III LF 32 32
Disking ACRE 90 83.48
Ripping ACRE 90 83.48
Mowing ACRE 90 83.48
Temp. Plastic Fence- LF 10,000 3,949
Temp. Silt Fence LF 3,000 645
Temp. Seeding (Seed) LB 5,000 4,536
Temp. Seeding (Fertilizer) TON 20 19.95
Class B Stone TON 20 17.22
Class A Stone TON 120 47.30
Sediment Control Stone TON 20 17.30
Filter Fabric SY 500 65.34
Pipe Plug CY 1 0.364
Pipe Removal LF 32 28
LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
MONITORING WELL LOCATIONS
111
? 111 ?a
1 111L _ ? - ??
X=1919649.0130
Y=403588.4210
Y=4029$95:971
Y = 4f??;T65?.?43? \\
XX 998g1l ??22 '?\
Y=41133?2?300 ?? __?
\
Y=403243693600

v Y=ofd I WAHO
\\, = 4 AW5130
NO PLANTING
STREAMHEAD POCOSIN
X=1920316.4710
?.-- Y=404688.5290
-X=1920203.5910
?- Y=403982.5170
Y=4(d?7?? 72240
STREAMHEAD ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR
NON RIVERINE WET HARDWOOD FOREST
® COASTAL PLAIN AND SMALL STREAM SWAMP
MIXED MESIC HARDWOODS
w?
MONITORING WELL RAIN GAUGE
X=1921134.6320
Y=404619.6510
O
X=1921223.1280
Y=404123.0470
X=1921859.0230
Y=403994.9430
Y=44137.15400
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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2000
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LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
HOKE COUNTY
PROJECT NO. 8.589008T
TIP NO. R-512WM
Prepared By:
Natural Systems Unit & Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 2000

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE 1
SUMMARY ....................................................................
1.0 2
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... .
1.1 Project 2
Description ...........................................................
1.2 Purpose ........................................................................ 2
1.3 Project History ................................................................ 2
1.4 Permit Related Requirements ............................................ 4
2.0 4
HYDROLOGY ............................................................................
2.1 Success 4
Criteria..
2.2 Hydrologic Description ..................................................... 4
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ........................................ 7
2.3.1 Site Data ............................................................. 7
2.3.2 Climatic 9
Data ........................................................
2.4 Conclusions ..................................................................... 9
3.0 VEGETATION ........................................................................... 11
3.1 Success 11
Criteria ..............................................................
3.2 Description of 11
Species..
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring ........................................ 13
3.4 Conclusions ................................................................... 14
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 15

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TABLES
TABLE 1 - 2000 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING 7
RESULTS .......................
TABLE 2 - 2000 VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS ........................ 13
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION 3
MAP ......................................................
FIGURE 2 - MONITORING GAUGE LOCATION MAP ............................. 6
FIGURE 3 - 2000 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ..................... 8
FIGURE 4 - 30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH ............................................ 10
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS
APPENDIX B - PHOTO AND VEGETATION PLOT LOCATIONS,
SITE PHOTOS
11

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LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
¦ 2000 REPORT -EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past
year at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site. This site was constructed in 1998. Monitoring
activities in 2000 represent the second year of monitoring following construction. The
site must demonstrate hydrologic and vegetation success for a minimum of five years
or until the project is deemed successful.
The site contains twenty groundwater monitoring gauges (five of which were installed
this fall), one rain gauge, and eighteen vegetation plots.
This year, rainfall data has been acquired from two sources. From the beginning of the
growing season to June, the daily rainfall on the gauge data graphs was recorded at a
rain gauge in Red Springs (Robeson County), maintained by the NC State Climate
Office. Since June, an infinity gauge installed on the site has provided local rainfall
data.
Hydrologic monitoring indicated that the site is improving toward the goal of meeting the
success criteria. Ten gauges met jurisdictional hydrologic success of at least 12.5%
during the growing season; conversely, no gauges met hydrology less than 5% of the
growing season and only two gauges were less than 8%.
All vegetation monitoring plots indicated an average tree density of over 320 trees per
acres.
NCDOT recommends that the success criteria be revised to current standards.
NCDOT will monitor the site for vegetation success for five years. A 320 stems per
acre survival criterion for planted seedlings will be used to determine success for the
first three years. The required survival criterion will decrease by 10% per year after the
third year of vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected 290 stems per acre for year 4,
and 260 stems per acre for year 5).
Based on the monitoring results from the 2000 growing season, NCDOT recommends
that monitoring continue.

1

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Long Swamp Wetland Mitigation Site is located approximately 8.7 miles southwest
of Raeford in Hoke County (Figure 1). It is bounded by SR 1105 (Wire Road) to the
north, SR 1108 (Wilson Road), and SR 1115 (Tom McLaughlin Road) on the west,
although portions of the site extends south and west of these secondary roads. The
site, located at the head of Long Swamp stream, is characterized as nearly level,
encompassing minimal slopes associated with floodplain boundaries of low-energy
streams, rims of'Carolina bays, and intermittent sand ridges. The area was converted
into agricultural use.
The site encompasses approximately 249 acres and is designed as a mitigation site
primarily for the US 74 Bypass of Rockingham and Hamlet, TIP Project R-512 (USACE
Action ID No. 199301490).
1.2 Purpose
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative monitoring
must be conducted for a minimum of five years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
Success criteria are based on federal guidelines for wetland mitigation. These
guidelines stipulate criteria for both hydrologic conditions and vegetation survival. The
following report details the results of hydrologic and vegetative monitoring during 2000
at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site.
Activities in 2000 reflect the second year of monitoring following the construction.
Included in this report are analyses of both hydrologic and vegetative monitoring results
as well as local climate conditions throughout the growing season.
1.3 Project History

Summer 1998
March 1999
April 1999
April 1999
March-November 1999
October 1999
March-November 2000
September 2000
Site Construction
Installation of Monitoring Gauges
Tree Planting
Initial Vegetation Monitoring
Hydrologic Monitoring (1 yr)
Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr)
Hydrologic Monitoring (2 yr)
Vegetation Monitoring (2 yr)

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1.4 Permit Related Requirements
Special Conditions of the permit applications for R-512, U-508, and R-2211 required
that NCDOT:
¦ purchase or lease the site. The site was purchased in 1997.
¦ finalize the mitigation planning report for this site. The mitigation planning report
was completed in 1997.
2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria for
hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of the
surface) by surface or ground water for at least 12.5% of the growing season. Areas
inundated less than 5% of the growing season are always classified as non-wetlands.
Areas inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the growing season can be classified as
wetlands depending upon factors such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and
hydric soils.
The growing season in Hoke County begins March 17 and ends November 12. The
dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28° F or lower after
March 17 and before November 12.1 The growing season is 239 days; therefore the
optimum duration for wetland hydrology is 30 days. Local climate must represent
average conditions for the area.
2.2 Hydrologic Description
Historically, wetlands on the tract were created by a combination of rainfall, runoff, and
groundwater seepage from adjacent interstream areas, and redirected runoff via
ditching. Local rainfall was contained within bays or was moved laterally to radially
through the soil toward ditches or the remnant Long Swamp stream. After an extensive
study of the site's hydrology, it was concluded that placement of impermeable plugs
along drainage structures, backfilling of ditches and canals, and diversion of roadside
ditches into restored wetlands would elevate the groundwater to a level that would
saturate the soil stratum within the required twelve inches. It was predicted that this, in
addition to surface water and runoff would be sufficient to restore wetland hydrology.
Fifteen groundwater monitoring gauges and one rain gauge were installed in 1999
(Figure 2). The automatic monitoring gauges record daily readings of groundwater
depth.
' Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Hoke County, North Carolina, p.105.
1

Five additional gauges (G-17 through G-21) were installed in November 2000 to provide
more data in the restoration areas. These gauges were installed too late in the season
to provide any data for this report.
The daily rainfall for the site is recorded from a combination of two sources. Prior to
June, the average of the daily rainfall recorded by a rain gauge located in Red Springs
was used; this rainfall data was provided by the NC State Climate Office. Since June,
the ,rainfall data was acquired from a new onsite rain gauge.

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LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
HOKE COUNTY
SR 1105 IOio Mlre Room
- - - - ---------- - - - ---s
? 14
LS-GIO
LS=G17 (New)
•? r
LS=G18 (New) I
LS=G11
LS=G13 (Ref)
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S=G4
LS=G5
LS=G19 (New)
LS=G20 (New)
LS=G21 (New)
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LS=G16 (Ref)
Q GROUNDWATER MONITORING GAUGE FIGURE 2: MONITORING GAUGE LOCATIONS
0' 500• 1000'
SR NJ8 (WrlSon RoCC)
`- LS=G15 (Ref)
LS=G1
LS=G2
LS=G3
6

2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each gauge. This number was converted into
a percentage of the 239-day growing season. Table 1 presents the 2000 results. An
asterisk * in Table 1 denotes areas that are considered "reference wetland sites", as
was established in the mitigation planning report.
Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring gauge. The
maximum number of consecutive days is noted on each graph. Graph data determined
to be erroneous was omitted; therefore, some gaps appear in the plots. Precipitation
events are included on each graph as bars.
Table 1
2000 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS
(MARCH 17 - NOVEMBER 12)
Monitoring
Gauge < 5%
<12 d 5-8%
12-18 d 8-12.5%
19-29 d > 12.5%
>30 d Actual % Dates Meeting
Success
LS-G1 ? 23.4 3/17-5/11
LS-G2 ? 7.5 9/19 - 10/6
LS-G3 ? 8.8 9/19 - 10/9
LS-G4 ? 5.9 9/23 - 10/6
LS-G5 ? 18.8 9/3 - 10/17
LS-G7 ? 11.3 9/19-10/15
LS-G8 ? 37.7 8/15-11/12
LS-G9 ? 29.7 9/3-11/12
LS-G10 ? 32.2 8/28-11/12
LS-G11 ? 32.2 8/28-11/12
LS-G12 ? 29.7 8/28 -11/12
LS-G 13* ? 24.7 9/3 -10/31
LS-G14* ? 11.3 7/19-10/15
LS-G 15* ? 29.3 9/3 -11 /11
LS-G 16* ? 29.7 9/3-11/12
Figure 3 is a graphical representation of the hydrologic monitoring results for this year.
A blue dot represents wetland hydrology for more than 12.5% of the season; a red dot
indicates hydrology between 8% and 12.5%; a green dot represents hydrology between
5% and 8%. It is this hydrologic data that will indicate success for the site.
For this period from March to November, ten of the fifteen gauges met jurisdictional
hydrologic success of at least 12.5% during the growing season. Conversely, no
gauges met hydrology less than 5% of the growing season and only two gauges were
less than 8%. These results are an improvement over the results from pre-hurricane
conditions in 1999.
L

LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
HOKE COUNTY
SR L05 IOid wire Rood) L S = G I
1 111 ,''?7-•; . ; -, ? _- -
LS=Glo
LS=G17 (New)
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L5=G18 (New) A
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LS=G12
LS=G13 (Ref)
LS=G5
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LS=G7
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LS=G9
LS=G14 (Ref)
0 ( 5% HYDROLOGY
Q 5% - 8% HYDROLOGY
87 - 12.57 HYDROLOGY
> 12.5% HYDROLOGY
0 NEW GAUGES - NOT YET MONITORED

SR oCB tMf)son Road)
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LS=G15 (Ref)
LS=G16 (Ref)
0' 500' 1000• FIGURE 3: 2000 HYDROLOGIC RESULTS
8
0
a 2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 represents an examination of the local climate in comparison with historical
data in order to determine whether 2000 was "average" in terms of climate conditions.
The figure compares the rainfall from 2000 with that of historical rainfall (data collected
between 1931 and 1999). All rainfall data was collected from the NC State Climate
Office. The graph shows 1999 totals from September to December; the graph also
shows 2000 rainfall totals through July 2000. Rainfall data for August through
December 2000 will be presented in the 2001 Annual Monitoring Report.
For 1999, September and October had especially high precipitation due to hurricane
activity, whereas November and December were below normal. For 2000, January and
July were higher than normal, whereas, February, March and May were below normal.
Overall so far, 2000 has been an average year in terms of precipitation.
2.4 Conclusions
2000 represents the second full growing season that the hydrologic data has been
examined. Ten of fifteen monitoring gauges met the jurisdictional wetland hydrology for
12.5% of the growing season. Since the hydrologic results are showing overall
improvement to the site, NCDOT recommends that monitoring continue.

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a 3.1 Success Criteria
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 320 trees per acre living for at
least five consecutive years. A minimum of 5 character tree species must be present,
with no more than 20% of any one species is also required with the exception of
Atlantic White Cedar which may comprise up to 75% in swamp forest restoration.
Loblolly Pine cannot comprise of more than 10% of the 320 trees per acre requirement.
3.2 Description of Species
The following species were planted in the Wetland Restoration Area:
Zone 1: Streamhead Pocosin (2 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Magnolia virginiana, Sweet Bay
Zone 2: Streamhead Atlantic White Cedar (4.4 acres)
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Zone 3: Non-riverine Wet Hardwood Forest (74.4 acres)
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
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Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Zone 4: Coastal Plain and Small Stream Swamp (42 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum
Zone 5: Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Coastal PlainSubtype)
(43.8 acres)
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus alba, White Oak
Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
12
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
Table 2
2000 VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS
To determine tree density, 50' x 50' plots are installed immediately following planting.
The actual number of planted trees which occur within the plot are counted. This
number is equated to the number within each plot, which represents 680 trees per acre
(average). The survival monitoring number is compared to the planted number to
obtain survival percentage. This percentage is applied to the 680 trees per acre to
obtain an estimated tree per acre for the site. (Density = monitoring count/planted trees
x 680)
13
Zone 2 5 2 8 1 9 17 37 37 680
TONE 2 AVERAGE hRNS1TV 680
Site Notes:
Zone 1 Other species: Sumac, grape vine, broom sedge, magnolia, holly, red maple
and sweet um. Cut over looks pretty clean.
Zone 2 Other species: Briars, wax myrtle, sumac, water oak, various grasses &
sedges.
Zone 3 Other species: Sicklepod, various grasses, bermuda, broom sedge, morning
glory, wetland fern wax myrtle, sumac, fennel, baccharis, crab grass, sweet
bay, switch grass, grape vine and sweet um.
Zone 4 Other species: Broom sedge, green briar, sweetbay, sumac, grape vine,
goldenrod, baccharis, few sweet um, few maple, um, tulip poplar and holly.
Zone 5 Other species: Heavy sicklepod, broomsedge, bermuda, wire grass, horse
nettle, morning glory.
Majority of the site is wet. Cut over areas look pretty clean. Trees are in excellent
condition.
3.4 Conclusions
Of the 249 acres on this site, approximately 167 involve tree planting. There were 18
plots established throughout the planting areas, encompassing all plant communities.
The vegetation monitoring resulted in an average density of 570 trees per acre with
each zone passing the 320 trees per acre.
NCDOT recommends that the success criteria be revised to current standards.
NCDOT will monitor the site for five years. A 320 stems per acre survival criterion for
planted seedlings will be used to determine success for the first three years. The
required survival criterion will decrease by 10% per year after the third year of
vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected 290 stems per acre for year 4, and 260
stems per acre for year 5).
14
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
The site has shown hydrologic improvement over the previous year. All vegetation
monitoring plots indicated an average tree density of over 320 trees per acres.
NCDOT will continue to monitor the site for hydrologic success.
NCDOT recommends that the success criteria be revised to current standards.
NCDOT will monitor the site for vegetation success for five years. A 320 stems per
acre survival criterion for planted seedlings will be used to determine success for the
first three years. The required survival criterion will decrease by 10% per year after the
third year of vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected 290 stems per acre for year 4,
and 260 stems per acre for year 5).
15

DI-I
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APPENDIX B
PHOTO AND VEGETATION PLOT LOCATIONS,
SITE PHOTOS
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LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
PLANTING PLAN, VEGETATION PLOTS, PHOTO LOCATIONS

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ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1000
Long Swamp Mitigatig
Hoke County
Project No. 8. 589008T
TIP No. R-512 WM
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Prepared By:
Natural Systems Unit &
Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 1999

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 2
1.1 Project Description ............................................................ 2
1.2 Purpose .......................................................................... 2
1.3 Project History .................................................................. 2
2.0 HYDR OLOGY ............................................................................ 4
2.1 Success Criteria ................................................................ 4
2.2 Hydrologic Description ........................................................ 4
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ........................................... 6
2.3.1 Site Data ............................................................... 6
2.3.2 Climatic Data ......................................................... 10
2.4 Conclusions ..................................................................... 10
3.0 VEGETATION ........................................................................... 12
3.1 Success Criteria ................................................................ 12
3.2 Description of Species ........................................................ 12
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring .......................................... 14
3.4 Conclusions ..................................................................... 15
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 16
TABLES
TABLE 1A - 1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS .................... 6
(CONDITIONS PRIOR TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY)
TABLE 1B - 1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS .................... 8
(CONDITIONS DURING AND AFTER HURRICANE ACTIVITY)
TABLE 2 - VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS ................................ 14
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FIGURE 1 - SITE LOCATION MAP ...................................................... 3
FIGURE 2 - MONITORING WELL LOCATION MAP ................................ 5
FIGURE 3A -1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ................... 7
(CONDITIONS PRIOR TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY)
FIGURE 3B - 1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ................... 9
(CONDITIONS DURING AND AFTER HURRICANE ACTIVITY)
FIGURE 4 - 30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH ............................................ 11
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS ............................. 17
APPENDIX B - SITE PHOTOS .......................................................... 33
APPENDIX C - PHOTO AND VEGETATION PLOT LOCATIONS ............. 36
0
Q SUMMARY
The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past
year at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site. This site was constructed in 1998. Monitoring
activities in 1999 represent the first year of monitoring following construction. The site
must demonstrate hydrologic and vegetation success for a minimum of five years or
until the project is deemed successful.
The site contains fifteen groundwater monitoring wells and eighteen vegetation plots.
A major change in the hydrologic monitoring process is the use of local weather station
rainfall data for the site analysis. The daily rainfall on the well data graphs is recorded
at a rain gauge in Red Springs (Robeson County), maintained by the NC State Climate
Office. This data is being used because previous on-site rainfall gauges have proven
unreliable. These site gauges will be replaced with more reliable equipment prior to the
start of the 2000 growing season.
Hydrologic monitoring indicated that the site has not yet met success criteria.
Groundwater levels did increase considerably due to the two hurricanes in September
of this year. Vegetation monitoring yielded a successful stem count in all of the planting
transects.
Based on the monitoring results from the 1999 growing season, NCDOT recommends
that monitoring continue and the site be given additional time before remediation is
considered.
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0 1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
The Long Swamp Wetland Mitigation Site is located approximately 8.7 miles southwest
of Raeford in Hoke County (Figure 1). It is bounded by SR 1105 (Wire Road) to the
north, SR 1108 (Wilson Road), and SR 1115 (Tom McLaughlin Road) on the west,
although portions of the site extend south and west of these secondary roads. The site,
located at the head of Long Swamp stream, is characterized as nearly level,
encompassing minimal slopes associated with floodplain boundaries of low-energy
streams, rims of Carolina bays, and intermittent sand ridges. The area was converted
into agricultural use.
The site encompasses approximately 249 acres and is designed as a mitigation site
primarily for the US 74 Bypass of Rockingham and Hamlet, TIP Project R-512 (USACE
Action ID No. 199301490).
1.2 Purpose
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative monitoring
must be conducted for a minimum of five years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
Success criteria are based on federal guidelines for wetland mitigation. These
guidelines stipulate criteria for both hydrologic conditions and vegetation survival. The
following report details the results of hydrologic and vegetative monitoring during 1999
at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site.
Activities in 1999 reflect the first year of monitoring following construction. Included in
this report are analyses of both hydrologic and vegetative monitoring results as well as
local climate conditions throughout the growing season.
1.3 Project History
Summer 1998
March 1999
April 1999
April 1999
- March-November 1999
October 1999

Site Construction
Installation of Monitoring Wells
Tree Planting
Initial Vegetation Monitoring
Hydrologic Monitoring
Vegetation Monitoring (1 yr)
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2.1 Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria for
hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of the
surface) by surface or ground water for at least 12.5% of the growing season. Areas
inundated less than 5% of the growing season are always classified as non-wetlands.
Areas inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the growing season can be classified as
r, I wetlands depending upon factors such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and
hydric soils.
0 The growing season in Hoke County begins March 17 and ends November 12. The
dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28° F or lower after
March 17 and before November 12.' The growing season is 239 days; therefore the
optimum duration for wetland hydrology is 30 days. Local climate must represent
average conditions for the area.
2.2 Hydrologic Description
Historically, wetlands on the tract were created by a combination of rainfall, runoff, and
groundwater seepage from adjacent interstream areas, and redirected runoff via
ditching. Local rainfall was contained within bays or was moved laterally to radially
through the soil toward ditches or the remnant Long Swamp stream. After an extensive
study of the site's hydrology, it was concluded that placement of impermeable plugs
along drainage structures, backfilling of ditches and canals, and diversion of roadside
ditches into restored wetlands would elevate the groundwater to a level that would
saturate the soil stratum within the required twelve inches. It was predicted that this
work, in addition to surface water and runoff, would be sufficient to restore wetland
hydrology.
Fifteen groundwater monitoring wells and one rain gauge were installed in 1999 (Figure
2). The automatic monitoring wells record daily readings of groundwater depth.
Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring well. Data
determined to be erroneous was omitted; therefore, some gaps appear in the plots.
Precipitation events are included on each graph as bars. The rainfall plotted is the daily
rainfall recorded by a rain gauge located in Red Springs. This official rain data is used
because previous on-site rain gauges have proven to be unreliable. The current
gauges will be replaced prior to the start of the 2000 growing season.
a
Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Hoke County, North Carolina, p.105.
4
FIGURE 2: LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
MONITORING WELL LOCATIONS
---- SR 1105 (01d w1ro Road)
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0 2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each well. This number was converted into a
percentage of the 239 day growing season. Tables 1A and 1 B present the 1999
results. Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each monitoring well
and the surface water depth recorded by the surface gauge. The maximum number of
consecutive days is noted on each graph.
Several hurricanes inundated the site with precipitation beginning in September of this
year. Because this additional precipitation created abnormal conditions for the area
and greatly affected the monitoring results, the well data on this site was divided into
two time periods: (1) conditions prior to hurricane activity, and (2) conditions during and
after hurricane activity. Tables 1A and 1 B reflect the two time periods.
Table 1A
1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS -
CONDITIONS PRIOR TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY
(MARCH 17 - AUGUST 31)
Monitoring
Well < 5%
(<12 dy) 5-8%
(12-18 dy) 8-12.5%
(19-29 dy) >12.5%
(>30 dy) Actual % Dates Meeting
Success
LS-G1 ? 6.25 3/17 - 4/4
LS-G2 ? 0.8 5/1 - 5/2
LS-G3 ? 0
LS-G4 ? 0
LS-G5 ? 0
LS-G7 ? 3.3 4/30 - 5/7
LS-G8 ? 29.2 3/17 - 5/25
LS-G9 ? 24.6 3/17 - 5/14
LS-G10 ? 11.7 3/17 - 4/13
LS-G11 ? 16.7 3/17 - 4/25
LS-G12 ? 17.1 3/17 - 4/26
LS-G13 ? 11.3 3/17 - 4/12
LS-G14 ? 5.8 3/22 - 4/4
LS-G15 ? 30.0 3/17 - 5/27
LS-G16 ? 30.8 3/17 - 5/29
Lj Figure 3A is a graphical representation of the hydrologic monitoring results for this
earlier time period of 1999. A blue dot represents wetland hydrology for more than
12.5% of the season; a red dot indicates hydrology between 8% and 12.5%; a green
dot represents hydrology between 5% and 8%. It is this hydrologic data that will
indicate success for the site.
0 6
FIGURE 3A: LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
CONDITIONS PRIOR TO HURRICANE ACTIVITY
SR 1105 (Old )Mire Road)
- - - - -- --------
1 111
I 111
I
tom- --- --?__
LS=GIO
LS=G3
S=G4

LS=G5
LS=G13

LS=G8
r?.LS=G9
LS=G14
_71., 4A
Q 5% - 3% HYDROLOGY
O 8% - 12.5% HYDROLOGY
O > 12.5% HYDROLOGY
LS=G1
y LS=G2
SR ItpB nYitson Road)
'?-1--L S = G 15
LS=G16
nn Dec 1010,
0
For this period from March through August, only six wells met jurisdictional hydrologic
success of at least 12.5% during the growing season. Conversely, five wells met
hydrology less than 5% of the growing season.
Table 18
1999 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS -
CONDITIONS DURING AND AFTER HURRICANE ACTIVITY
(SEPTEMBER 1 - NOVEMBER 12)
Monitoring
Well < 5%
(<12 dy) 5-8%
(12-18 dy) 8 - 12.5%
(19-29 dy) > 12.5%
(>30 dy) Actual % Dates Meeting
Success
LS-G1 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G2 ? 21.3 9/16-11/5
LS-G3 ? 20.8 9/16-11/4
LS-G4 ? 9.2 9/16 - 10/7
LS-G5 ? 3.8 9/16 - 9/24
LS-G7 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G8 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G9 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G10 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G11 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G12 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G13 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G14 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G15 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
LS-G16 ? 24.2 9/16-11/12
Figure 3B is a graphical representation of the hydrologic monitoring results for this later
time frame of 1999. Again, a blue dot represents wetland hydrology for more than
12.5% of the season; a red dot indicates hydrology between 8% and 12.5%; a green
dot represents hydrology between 5% and 8%.
During this latter period from September through November, thirteen of the fifteen wells
met jurisdictional hydrologic success due to the hurricane activity. NCDOT realizes that
the hydrologic results in the wake of the September hurricanes will not count toward
overall monitoring; however, the reaction of the site to large storms is noteworthy.

a 8
FIGURE 38: LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
CONDITIONS DURING AND AFTER HURRICANE ACTIVITY
SR 1105 (Old Wire Road)
- - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
111
i 111
1. }---
LS=GIO
LS=G121?I
LS=G13
\
-LS=G8
LS=G9
L.7-VI'`i \
t\
/
/
Q 5% - 3% HYDROLOGY
O 3% - 12.5% HYDROLOGY
O > 12.5% HYDROLOGY
i LS-GI
LS=G2
LS=G3
SR 1108 (:rtlson Rood)
L,,-,' LS=G15

S=G4
LS=GS
LS=G16
..1pc
i7
0 2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 represents an examination of the local climate in comparison with historical
data in order to determine whether 1999 was "average" in terms of climate conditions.
The figure compares the rainfall from 1999 with that of historical rainfall (data collected
0 between 1931 and 1998). All rainfall data was collected by the NC State Climate
Office. The graph shows 1999 rainfall totals through August 1999. Rainfall data for
September through December 1999 will be presented in the 2000 Annual Monitoring
Report.
2.4 Conclusions
1999 represents the first full growing season that the hydrologic data has been
r-I examined. Six of fifteen monitoring wells met the jurisdictional wetland hydrology for
12.5% of the growing season prior to September, while thirteen wells met the 12.5%
requirement from September through November. While the overall results prior to
September are not considered favorable, another year of monitoring should be
completed before remediation is considered.
C
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3.0 VEGETATION
3.1 Success Criteria
Success Criteria states that there must be a minimum of 320 trees per acre living for at
least five consecutive years. A minimum of 5 character tree species must be present,
and no more than 20% of any one species is also required with the exception of Atlanti
White Cedar which may comprise up to 75% in swamp forest restoration. Loblolly Pine
cannot comprise of more than 10% of the 320 trees per acre requirement.
3.2 Description of Species
c
The following species were planted in the Wetland Restoration Area:
Zone 1: Streamhead Pocosin (2 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Magnolia virginiana, Sweet Bay
Zone 2: Streamhead Atlantic White Cedar (4.4 acres)
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Zone 3: Non-riverine Wet Hardwood Forest (74.4 acres)
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash

12
0
0
Zone 4: Coastal Plain and Small Stream Swamp (42 acres)
a Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
r n. Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum
Zone 5: Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Coastal PlainSubtype)
(43.8 acres)
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus alba, White Oak
Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
0
a 13
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring (1 year)
TABLE 2
VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS
Zone 2 5 2 2 I 10 17 32 37 588
LONE 2 AVERAGE DENSITY 588
Zone 3 2 1 2 13 II 27 30 612
3 1 12 8 12 33 35 641
4 4 3 3 7 13 2 32 32 680
6 3 7 4 12 26 26 680
7 7 6 11 3 4 31 40 527
17 7 6 7 9 6 35 45 529
18 4 8 4 1 I 18 26 471
ZONE 3 AVERAGE DENSITY 591
Zone 4 10 4 4 7 10 5 30 35 583
I1 6 8 5 4 2 6 31 37 570
12 3 4 9 15 1 32 38 573

e 5 I 8 1 15 11 35 38 626
8 3 10 2 5 7 3 30 40 510
14 12 4 2 11 29 29 680
15 12 3 10 1 2 I I 30 39 523
16 8 5 2 1 19 I 5 41 45 620
'LONE 5 AVERAGE DENSiTI' 592
TOTAL AVERAGE DENSITY 584
14
0
Notes from Report: Many of the plots contain heavy dog fennel and fox-tail.
Several of the sites also contain broom sedge and golden rod. Juncus effusus is
also present in many of the plots. Some volunteer red maple and sweetgum
present. Plots 9, 10, 13, 17, and 18 had standing water present.
3.4 Conclusions
Of the 249 acres on this site, approximately 167 involve tree planting. There
Lai
E were 18 plots established throughout the planting areas, encompassing all plant
communities. The first year vegetation monitoring resulted in an average density
of 584 trees per acre, well above the 320 trees per acre as required by the
success criteria.
0
15
0
D 4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
The site has been less than 50% hydrologic success prior to the hurricane
activity. All vegetation monitoring plots indicated an average tree density of over
320 trees per acre.
NCDOT will continue to monitor the site for both hydrologic and vegetation
success.
0
Q 16

0
APPENDIX A
0
It
DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER PLOTS
17
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8
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2002
LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
HOKE COUNTY
PROJECT NO. 8.589008T
TIP NO. R-512WM

'y 1
Prepared By:
Office of Natural Environment & Roadside Environmental Unit
North Carolina Department of Transportation
December 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................
1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 2
1.1 Project Description ........................................................... 2
1.2 Purpose ........................................................................ 2
1.3 Project History ................................................................ 3
1.4 Permit Related Requirements ............................................ 5
2.0 HYDROLOGY ............................................................................ 5
2.1 Success Criteria .............................................................. 5
2.2 Hydrologic Description ..................................................... 5
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring ........................................ 8
2.3.1 Site Data ............................................................. 8
2.3.2 Climatic Data ........................................................ 11
2.4 Conclusions ..................................................................... 11
3.0 VEGETATION ........................................................................... 13
3.1 Success Criteria .............................................................. 13
3.2 Description of Species ...................................................... 13
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring ........................................ 15
3.4 Conclusions ................................................................... 16
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS ......................... 17
TABLES
TABLE 1 -2002 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ....................... 8
TABLE 2 - HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS FOR 2001-2002........ 9
TABLE 3 - 2002 VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS ........................ 15
FIGURES
FIGURE 1 -SITE LOCATION MAP ...................................................... 4
FIGURE 2 - MONITORING GAUGE LOCATION MAP ............................. 7
FIGURE 3 - 2002 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS ..................... 10
FIGURE 4 - 30-70 PERCENTILE GRAPH ............................................ 12
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER GRAPHS
APPENDIX B - PHOTO AND VEGETATION PLOT LOCATIONS,
SITE PHOTOS
LONG SWAMP MITIGATION SITE
2002 REPORT - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following report summarizes the monitoring activities that have occurred in the past
year at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site. This site was constructed in 1998. Monitoring
activities in 2002 represent the fourth year of monitoring following construction. The site
must demonstrate hydrologic and vegetation success for a minimum of five years or
until the project is deemed successful.
The site contains twenty groundwater monitoring gauges (four of which are in reference
wetlands), one rain gauge, and eighteen vegetation plots. Rainfall data has been
acquired from an onsite rain gauge. Also, monthly rainfall data recorded from a rain
gauge maintained by the NC State Climate Office in Red Springs (Robeson County)
was used for the historical data.
Based on the previous years of monitoring data, the Department re-evaluated portions
of the proposed restoration areas on the site to identify problem areas and to determine
if adjustments were warranted to improve hydrology. Based on the delineation, which
was recently documented by written correspondence to the regulatory agencies, the
Department determined that there is a 43.1 acre deficit, involving the areas restoration
(prior-converted farm fields) at this site. The Department is soliciting additional wetland
mitigation through the private sector "full delivery" program to compensate for this
deficit, along with the additional 20 acres of restoration that the Long Swamp Site did
not provide in relation to the environmental permit for the Rockingham-Hamlet Bypass
(R-512).
2002 represents the fourth year of hydrologic monitoring. Of the non-reference
monitoring gauges, two of the sixteen monitoring gauges met the optimum jurisdictional
wetland hydrology for at least 12.5% of the growing season. Five of sixteen gauges met
wetland hydrology for >5% of the growing season, while two of the four reference
gauges met the optimum success criteria). Conversely, eleven gauges met hydrology
less than 5% of the growing season. A decrease in groundwater levels was observed
over all gauges across the site. This decrease is likely attributed to the below normal
rainfall experienced in this region of the state throughout the 2002-growing season.
The decline in optimum hydrology is attributed to the below average rainfall experienced
in this region during the growing season.
The 2002 vegetation monitoring revealed an average density of 572 trees per acre.
This average is well above the minimum success criteria of 290 trees per acre, required
after 4 years of monitoring.
NCDOT proposes to continue both hydrologic and vegetation monitoring for this site in
2003.
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Project Description
The Long Swamp Wetland Mitigation Site is located approximately 8.7 miles southwest
of Raeford in Hoke County (Figure 1). It is bounded by SR 1105 (Wire Road) to the
north, SR 1108 (Wilson Road), and SR 1115 (Tom McLaughlin Road) on the west,
although portions of the site extends south and west of these secondary roads. The
site, located at the head of Long Swamp stream, is characterized as nearly level,
encompassing minimal slopes associated with floodplain boundaries of low-energy
streams, rims of Carolina bays, and intermittent sand ridges. The area was converted
into agricultural use.
The site encompasses approximately 249 acres and is designed as a mitigation site
primarily for the US 74 Bypass of Rockingham and Hamlet, TIP Project R-512 (USACE
Action ID No. 199301490).
1.2 Purpose
In order to demonstrate successful mitigation, hydrologic and vegetative monitoring
must be conducted for a minimum of five years or until success criteria are fulfilled.
Success criteria are based on federal guidelines for wetland mitigation. These
guidelines stipulate criteria for both hydrologic conditions and vegetation survival. The
following report details the results of hydrologic and vegetative monitoring during 2002
at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site.
Activities in 2002 reflect the fourth year of monitoring following the construction.
Included in this report are analyses of both hydrologic and vegetative monitoring results
as well as local climate conditions throughout the growing season.

1.3 Project History
Summer 1998
March 1999
April 1999
April 1999
March-November 1999
October 1999
March 2000
March-November 2000
September 2000
March-November 2001
September 2001
June 2002
August 2002
March-November 2002
Site Construction
Installation of Monitoring Gauges
Tree Planting
Initial Vegetation Monitoring
Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 1)
Vegetation Monitoring (Year 1)
Herbicide Treatment (Year 1)
Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 2)
Vegetation Monitoring (Year 2)
Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 3)
Vegetation Monitoring (Year 3)
Wetland Delineation
Vegetation Monitoring (Year 4)
Hydrologic Monitoring (Year 4)
1.4 Permit Related Requirements
E" ?
The entire Long Swamp Mitigation Site was used to offset unavoidable wetland impacts,
as a result of the construction of the Rockingham-Hamlet Bypass roadway project.
3
2.0 HYDROLOGY
2.1 Success Criteria
In accordance with federal guidelines for wetland mitigation, the success criteria for
hydrology states that the area must be inundated or saturated (within 12" of the surface)
by surface or ground water for at least 12.5% of the growing season. Areas inundated
less than 5% of the growing season are always classified as non-wetlands. Areas
inundated between 5% - 12.5% of the growing season can be classified as wetlands
depending upon factors such as the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and hydric
soils.
The growing season in Hoke County begins March 17 and ends November 12. The
dates correspond to a 50% probability that temperatures will drop to 28° F or lower after
March 17 and before November 12.' The growing season is 239 days; therefore the
optimum duration for wetland hydrology is 30 days. Local climate must represent
average conditions for the area.
2.2 Hydrologic Description
Historically, wetlands on the tract were created by a combination of rainfall, runoff, and
groundwater seepage from adjacent interstream areas, and redirected runoff via
ditching. Local rainfall was contained within bays or was moved laterally to radially ?Y?
through the soil toward ditches or the remnant Long Swamp stream. After an extensive
study of the site's hydrology, it was concluded that placement of impermeable plugs
along drainage structures, backfilling of ditches and canals, and diversion of roadside
ditches into restored wetlands would elevate the groundwater to a level that would
saturate the soil stratum within the required twelve inches. It was predicted that this, in
addition to surface water and runoff would be sufficient to restore wetland hydrology.
Fifteen groundwater monitoring gauges and one rain gauge were installed in 1999 i
(Figure 2). The automatic monitoring gauges record daily readings of groundwater 4
depth. 40
Five additional gauges (G-17 through G-21) were installed in November 2000 to provide
more groundwater data in the restoration areas.
This year, rainfall data has been acquired from an onsite rain gauge. Also, daily rainfall;
data recorded from a rain gauge maintained by the NC State Climate Office in Red Jx
Springs (Robeson County) was used for comparison. ° a
' Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey of Hoke County, North Carolina, p.105.
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Figure 2: Monitoring Gauge Location Map
5
2.3 Results of Hydrologic Monitoring
2.3.1 Site Data
The maximum number of consecutive days that the groundwater was within twelve
inches of the surface was determined for each gauge. This number was converted into
a percentage of the 239-day growing season. Table 1 presents the 2002 results.
Appendix A contains a plot of the groundwater depth for each gauge. The maximum
number of consecutive days is noted on each graph. The individual precipitation
events, shown on the monitoring gauge graphs as bars, represent daily rainfall from an
on-site rain gauge. Graph data determined to be erroneous was omitted; therefore,
some gaps appear in the plots.
Figure 3 represents a graphical representation of the hydrologic results. Gauges
highlighted in blue indicate wetland hydrology for more than 12.5% of the growing
season. Gauges highlighted in red show hydrology between 8% and 12.5% of the
season, while those in green indicate hydrology between 5% and 8% of the season.
Gauges highlighted in black indicate no wetland hydrology (less than 5% of the growing
season).
Table 1
2002 HYDROLOGIC MONITORING RESULTS

Gauges in references wetlands areas, as was established in the mitigation planning report.
^ Gauges should be in a dry area according to the Mitigation Plan
Monitoring
Gau a < 5%
<12 d 5-8%
12-18 d 8-12.5%
19-29 d > 12.5%
>30 d Actual % Dates Meeting
Success
LS-G1 4.2
LS-G2 2.5
LS-G3 .4
LS-G4 0
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LS-G7 1.3
LS-G8 11.7 March 27-April 23
LS-G9 18.8 March 17-April 30
LS-G10 6.3 March 31-April 14
LS-G11 15.9 March 17-April 23
LS-G12 11.3 March 27-April 22
LS-G13" 10.0 March 31-April 23
LS-G14" 11.7 March 27-April 23
LS-G15* 13.0 March 27-April 26
LS-G16" 19.3 March 17-Ma 1
LS-G17^ ? 3.8
LS-G18" 4.6
LS-G19^ ? 0
LS-G20^ ? 0
LS-G21 ^ ? .8
Specific Gauge Problems:
G-4 stopped recording data due to a gauge malfunction (February 9-May 14) (July
23-September 10)
G-5 stopped recording data (July 23-September 10)
• G-9 stopped recording data (June 14-July 10)
• G-10 stopped recording data (April 15-May 14) (June 11-July 10). The gauge was
missed during downloads (October 18- November 26)
• G-14 was not downloaded (October 18- November 26)
• G-17 had gauge malfunctions throughout the growing season beginning April 10.
• G-20 experienced battery failure (March 14-April 15). The gauge was missed during
downloads (October 18-November 26)
• G-21 experienced battery failure (March 14-April 15)
During the growing season from March to November 2002, two of the sixteen gauges
(non-reference gauges) met jurisdictional hydrologic success of at least 12.5% during
the growing season. Two gauges showed saturation between 8 and 12.5% of the
growing season, while only one gauge showed saturation between 5-8%. Conversely,
eleven gauges met hydrology less than 5% of the growing season. The decline in
groundwater hydrology in 2002 is attributed to the below average rainfall experienced in
this region of the state.
Of the four reference gauges, two showed saturation or inundation greater than 12.5%
of the growing season within 12", while the other two showed saturation for between 8
and 12.5%. It is noted that even though the reference gauges met wetland hydrology,
they all showed a decrease due to the below average rainfall experienced in this region
of the state.
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FIGURE 3: 2002 Hydrologic Gauge Results

2.3.2 Climatic Data
Figure 4 is a comparison of monthly rainfall for the period of November 2001 through
July 2002 to historical precipitation (collected between 1971 and 2002) for Hoke County.
Monthly rainfall was not provided for October 2002-December 2002. This comparison
gives an indication of how 2002 relates to historicaln to smr climate conditions.
The NC State Climate Office at the Red Springs weather station provided all of the off-
site rainfall data.
November 01, December 01, February, April, and June experienced below average
rainfall. The months of January, March, May, and July all recorded average rainfall for
the site. Overall the site experienced below average rainfall in 2002.
2.4 Conclusions
2002 represents the fourth full growing season that the hydrologic data has been
monitored. Of the non-reference monitoring gauges, two of the sixteen monitoring
gauges met the optimum jurisdictional wetland hydrology for at least 12.5% of the
growing season. Five of sixteen gauges met wetland hydrology for >5% of the growing
season, while two of the four reference gauges met the optimum success criteria).
Conversely, eleven gauges met hydrology less than 5% of the growing season. The
decrease in groundwater levels was observed over all gauges across the site. This
decrease is likely attributed to the below normal rainfall experienced in this region of the
state throughout the 2002-growing season.
A portion of the proposed restoration areas at the site that have performed less than
expected were evaluated and quantified this growing season. Based on the results of
the delineation, the Department is in need of a total of 63.1 acres of restoration to offset
the 43.1-acre deficit at the Long Swamp site and to compensate for the additional 20
acres needed to fulfill the permit requirements for the Rockingham-Hamlet Bypass (R-
512).
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3.0 VEGETATION (MONITORING YEAR 4 OF 5)
3.1 Success Criteria
NCDOT will monitor the site for five years or until success criteria is met. A 320 stems
per acre survival criterion for planted seedlings will be used to determine success for
the first three years. The required survival criterion will decrease by 10% per year after
the third year of vegetation monitoring (i.e., for an expected 290 stems per acre for year
4, and 260 stems per acre for year 5). A minimum of 5 character tree species must be
present, with no more than 20% of any one species is also required with the exception
of Atlantic White Cedar which may comprise up to 75% in swamp forest restoration.
Loblolly Pine cannot comprise of more than 10% of the 320 trees per acre requirement.
3.2 Description of Species
The following species were planted in the Wetland Restoration Area:
Zone 1: Streamhead Pocosin (2 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Baldcypress
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Magnolia virginiana, Sweet Bay
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum
Quercus alba, White Oak
Zone 2: Streamhead Atlantic White Cedar (4.4 acres)
Chamaecyparis thyoides, Atlantic White Cedar
Litiodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Pinus serotina, Pond Pine
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
12
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Zone 3: Non-riverine Wet Hardwood Forest (74.4 acres)
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Zone 4: Coastal Plain and Small Stream Swamp (42 acres)
Taxodium distichum, Bald Cypress
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar
Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Green Ash
Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum
Zone 5: Mesic Mixed Hardwood Forest (Coastal PlainSubtype)
(43.8 acres)
Quercus lyrata, Overcup Oak
Quercus alba, White Oak
Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak
Quercus nigra, Water Oak
Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia, Cherrybark Oak
Quercus michauxii, Swamp Chestnut Oak
Quercus phellos, Willow Oak
Quercus laurifolia, Laurel Oak
13
3.3 Results of Vegetation Monitoring
Table 3
2002 VEGETATIVE MONITORING RESULTS
15
Zone 2 5 7 1 1 R 20 37 37 GRO
7.ONF, 2 AVF,RAGF, DENSITY (,SO
Site Notes: Monitoring of vegetation plots in upland areas (Plots 1, 8, 14, 15, and
16) has been discontinued as discussed and agreed upon during the May 29,
2002 site visit.
Zone 1 Other species: Sweetgum, wax myrtle, Baccharis sp., broomsedge, winged
sumac, muscadine, blackberry, American holly, and briars. Tulip poplar
noted outside of lot 9.
Zone 2 Other species: Sweetgum, fennel, winged sumac, volunteer post and water
oak, and briars.
Zone 3 Other species: Pine, sickle pod, red maple, bermuda, broomsedge,
smartweed, briars, woolgrass, stinkweed, sweetgum, volunteer blackgum,
plume grass, fern, black willow, hickory, trumpet creeper, winged sumac
Smilax s p., cattail, and fennel.
Zone 4 Other species: Sweetgum, briars, broomsedge, holly, sourwood, bay,
volunteer black gum, Baccharis sp., wax myrtle, black willow, red maple,
volunteer tulip poplar, and pine.
3.4 Conclusions
Of the 249 acres on this site, approximately 167 involved tree planting. There
were 18 monitoring plots established throughout the planting areas,
encompassing all plant communities. The 2002 vegetation monitoring revealed
an average density of 572 trees per acre. This average is well above the
minimum success criteria of 290 trees per acre, after 4 years.
NCDOT will continue vegetation monitoring at the Long Swamp Mitigation Site.
16
4.0 OVERALL CONCLUSIONS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the hydrologic monitoring at the site in 2002, nine of the twenty
monitoring gauges met jurisdictional wetland status. The decline in the
performance of the remaining gauges is attributed to the below average rainfall
experienced.
The 2002 vegetation monitoring revealed an average density of 572 trees per
acre. This average is well above the minimum success criteria of 290 trees per
acre.
Based on the results on the site evaluation in 2002, the Department has solicited
additional wetland mitigation to offset deficiencies at the Long Swamp site and to
offset the additional acreage needed to fulfill the permit requirements of the
Rockingham-Hamlet Bypass (R-512).
17
APPENDIX A
DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER GRAPHS
APPENDIX B
PHOTO AND VEGETATION PLOT LOCATIONS,
SITE PHOTOS
ffl?O ASG6Mo
i
..........
~
..
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s ...
i iii •' _ T ...
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LA
HECTARES 0 NO PLANTING
1.2 ® STREAMHEAD POCOSIN
A40N(iOT.?40 ftATi
0.9 STREAMHEAD ATLANTIC WHITE CEDAR
32.4 NON RIVERINE WET HARDWOCD FOREST Q) mam Lo m a
22,0 L1uL111L1 COASTAL PLAIN AND SMALL STREAM SWAMP
18.1 ® MIXED MESIC HARDWOODS
"M QUANTITIES REPRESENTATIVE OF ENTIRE SITE ,w, -

Photo I
Long Swamp

Photo 5
Photo 2
Photo 4
2002
1

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30-Jun-02
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