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NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Wetland Site Name C Data o r
Wetland Type Assessor Name/Organization
Level III Ecoregion oix Nearest Named Water Body
River Basin ' c USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
? Yes A.No Precipitation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci-de rees
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (ex4rpples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ? Yes a No
Describe effects of stressors that are present. (? ] f G' 4Q2 ( V
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
? NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
? Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, If any? (Check all that apply)
? Blackwater
? Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal Island? ? Yes A No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantial) altered b beaver? ? Yes No
1. Ground Surface Condition/Vegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to ;reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
GS VS
JNA Not severely altered
?B ?B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology.' Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance-for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch 5 1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
WA ?A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
B ? Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
?A ?A Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
i4B &B Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
?
C C ?C Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
?D ?D Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
?E ?E Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
x
*?,/
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil
Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling)
ID Gleyed mineral soil
? E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon)
Fk Soil ribbon < 1 inch
B Soil ribbon ? 1 inch
,gA No peat or muck presence
?B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge Into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
10 B ?B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use - opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to-the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examples:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F ?F ?F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H z 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?I ?I ?I 2 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
?J ?J ?J z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
?K ?K ?K 2 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L ?L z 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
?M ?M ?M Z 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
04N [$N V5N Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic modifications
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
?Yes XNo If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary highwater]). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
?s 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide ?Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
?Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
?Sheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
?Exposed - adjacent open water with width a 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparian Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed.
WT WC RB (if applicable)
?A ZJA ?A z 100 feet
B B ?B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E ?E From 30 to < 40 feet
?F ?F ?F From 15 to < 30 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to < 15 feet
?H ?H ?H < 5 feet
A
g, inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
?A Evidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
"C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition - assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
JJA Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the floodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A 4jtA WA Z 500 acres
?B ?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres L
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres Q 3
?D ?D ?D From 25 to <50 acres t
?E ?E ?E From 10 to <25 acres
? ?F From 5 to < 10 acres
?G TG F From 1 to < 5 acres
?H ?H ?H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
?I ?I ?1 From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K <0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (i: 90%) of its natural landscape size.
?B Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
RA ?A z 500 acres
?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
? D ? D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F ?F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
?Yes WNo Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Eff ect - wetland type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (e 40 feet wide), utility' line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years,old. Consider theeight
main points of the compass.
®A No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
?B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to'seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
,X(A Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
?B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected strata are unnaturally absent.or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species.
16. Vegetative Diversity - assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
17. Veetative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Vegetation present
Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only)
?A Z 25% coverage of vegetation
?B < 25% coverage of vegetation of the
metric for Check a box in each column for
area (AA) alnd thehwetlanditype (WT) separately, non-marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above
AA WT
'IRA ` Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
?B 1B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C _ ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
49B B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
171C IC Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent -
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
?B ?B Moderate density shrub layer
W J]C Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A DA Dense herb layer
9B W Moderate density herb layer
LJC ?C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
M Not A
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DB .
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris pile.
Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
only)
BB Not A
water- niche groeshwa wing seasonShPatterned
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion - wetad amount Y o type/open a interspersion between vegetation (evaluate for
Select the figure that best describes the areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid w?hiitte areas indicate open water. ?D
?A
i
-i
22. Habitat Uniqueness - wetland type condition metric
[]Yes '?o Has the N.C. Environmental Management commission classified the assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
Notes
xiii
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Wetland Site Name Date 9
Wetland Type _ Assessor Name/Organization
Level III Ecoregion Nearest Named Water Body d
River Basin USGS 8-Dlgit Catalogue Unit
? Yes &No Precipitation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci-de gees
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent, Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area Intensively managed? ? Yes 0- No
Describe effects of stressors that are present.
\_ ?
6 > 4
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
? NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
? Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (Check all that apply)
? Blackwater
? Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
is the assessment area on a coastal Island? ? Yes K No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantial) altered b beaver? ? Yes No
1. Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric ,
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
GS VS
f 9A 2A Not severely altered t
?B B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USAGE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch 5 1 foot deep is considered
to affect.surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
?A j®A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered,
B ?B Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
?C ?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
?A ?A Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
US [W Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
?C ?C Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
_ ?D ?D Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
?E ?E Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
x
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
j B Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil
[]C Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling)
?D Gleyed mineral soil
?E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon)
mA Soil ribbon.< 1 inch
?B Soil ribbon Z 1 inch
4?IA No peat or muck presence
?B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box In each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
A A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
[0B LB Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use - opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examples:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F ?F ?F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H z 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?I ?I ?I a 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
?J ?J ?J 2 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
?K ?K ?K z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L 2 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
ObA ?M ?M a 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
JFN R$N Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic modifications
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream-or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
?Yes XNo If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary high water]). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
?s 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide ?Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
?Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
?Sheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
?Exposed - adjacent open water with width 2 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparian Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box In each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed.
WT WC RB (if applicable)
WA ISA ?A 2 100 feet
?B ?B ?B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E ?E From 30 to < 40 feet
?F ?F ?F From 15 to < 30 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to < 15 feet
?H ?H ?H <5feet
A
•
9. inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
?A Evidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
IlB Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
?C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition - assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
,RA Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately. natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the fioodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A W [RA 2 500 acres
?B 1713 ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D ?D From 25 to < 50 acres
?E ?E ?E From 10 to < 25 acres
MF ?F ?F From 5 to < 10 acres
G ?G ?G From 1 to < 5 acres
?H ?H ?H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
171 171 ?I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K < 0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (Z 90%) of its natural landscape size.
1713 Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
MA ?A z 500 acres
B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F CIF Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
?Yes PNo Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Eff ect - wetland type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (a 40 feet wide), utility line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years old. Consider the eight
main points of the compass.
?A No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
IRA Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
1713 Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected strata are unnaturally absent or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species,
16. Vegetative Diversity- assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
' 17. Ve etative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Vegetation present
Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only) `
?A 25% coverage of vegetation
?B < 25% coverage of vegetation +
Check a box In each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non-marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
[$k JOA Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
?B ?B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
AS 98 Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
?C ?C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
?B ?B Moderate density shrub layer
RC ENC Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense herb layer 64/yu
jig M Moderate density herb layer ?C ?C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
KB Not A .
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
JRJA Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris piles.
I!Vk Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
?B NotA
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion - wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non-Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
?A ?B ?C ?D
t:
22. Habitat Uniqueness-wetland type condition metric
?Yes Flo Has the N.C. Environmental Management Commission classified the assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
Notes
xiii
.L -
C?
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
.' VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Wetland Site Name Date D
Wetland Type Assessor Name/Organization
Level III Ecoregion ' I;? Nearest Named Water Body ?r>?
River Basin USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
? Yes No Preci itatio within 48 hrs? Latitude/Longitude deci-de gees
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: qa s, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into th wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area Intensively managed? ? Yes 0 No
Describe effects of stressors that are presen
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream Is associated with the wetland, if any? (Check all that apply)
IN Blackwater
12 Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal Island? ? Yes 19 No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered b beaver? ? Yes JKI No
Check a box in each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
GS VS
ARA ®A Not severely altered
?B ?B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion. [where appropriate), exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate), hydrologic alteration)
1. Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric
2. Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch s 1 foot deep is considered
to affect.surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
?A ?A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
?B ®B Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
KC ?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channel.ization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Check a box in each column, Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
A ?A Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
B Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
C ?C Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
?D ?D Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
?E ?E Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
h
. ? x
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
W Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil QI?
?C Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling) ? e
0-70
?D Gleyed mineral soil
?E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon) \
®A Soil ribbon.< 1 inch
?B Soil ribbon Z 1 inch
WrA No peat or muck presence
?B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge Into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
OJA KA Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
?B ?B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C . Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use - opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), an within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examptes:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F ?F ?F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H a 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?1 ?1 ?1 a 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
?J ?J ?J 2 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
?K ?K ?K z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L ?L a 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
?M ?M ?M Z 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
XN ;]N XN Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic modifications
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream-or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
XYes ?No If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary high water)). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
;K:5 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide ?Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
®.Sheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
?Exposed - adjacent open water with width 2 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparian Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box In each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed.
WT WC RB (if applicable)
HA O RA XA z 100 feet
?B ?B ?B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E ?E From 30 to < 40 feet
?F ?F ?F From 15 to < 30 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to < 15 feet
?H ?H ?H < 5 feet
A
.. N\'
9. Inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric n fit;
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
?A Evidence of .short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
RB Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
?C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition - assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately. natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the floodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select " IC' for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A R-A RA 2 500 acres
?B ?B B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D ?D From 25 to < 50 acres v?\ ?^
? E ? E ? E From 10 to < 25 acres
?F F From 5 to < 10 acres
RG G From 1 to < 5 acres
?H H H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
?I ?1 ?1 From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K < 0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (z 90%) of its natural landscape size.
?B Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked In each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
&A ?A z 500 acres
?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F ?F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
?Yes Ito Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Effect - wetiand type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (z 40 feet wide), utility line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years old. Consider the eight
main points of the compass.
QA No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
?B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
VA Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
?B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected strata are unnaturally absent or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species.
16. Vegetative Diversity- assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
y 17. Vegetative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
JK Vegetation present
Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only)
?A 2: 25% coverage of vegetation
?B < 25 % coverage of vegetation
Check a box In each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non-marsh wetlands.
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA
5ZA WT
®A -
Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
?B ?B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
®B ®B Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
?C ?C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
?B ?B Moderate density shrub layer
®,C JRC Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense herb layer
?B ?B Moderate density herb layer
RC Ol,C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
Consider
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
WB Not A .
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
®,A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris piles.
W Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
?B Not A
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion - wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non-Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
?A ?B ?C ?D
i
22. Habitat Uniqueness - wetland type condition metric
?Yes %No Has the N.C. Environmental Management Commission classified the assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
Notes
?w
- s-? _ _
xiii
P?
T??+ f?d24"Vv\
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
'VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Wetland Site Name RWIWT- Date E
Wetland Type . ?A Assessor Name/Organization
Level III Ecoregion t c. I^ Nearest Named Water Body
River Basin A USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
? Yes No Precipitation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci-de gees
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent, Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ? Yes lV No
Describe effects of stressorrs ?thhatt'"are present. 5 s??
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream Is associated with the wetland, if any? (Check all that apply)
Blackwater
Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ? Yes *No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantial) altered b beaver? ? Yes 12 No
1. Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
GS VS
nA USA Not severely altered
B B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch s 1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
12A IRA Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
B ?B Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
?C ?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
?A ?A
j 13 MB
C C
?D ?D
?E ?E
V ?>Z.
Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
\v
x
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
IMB Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil
?C Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling)
[]D Gieyed mineral soil
?E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon)
19A Soil ribbon.< 1 inch
?B Soil ribbon Z 1 inch
WA No peat or muck presence
?B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
[]B ?B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
? treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
Y potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use-opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examples:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F []F []F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H Z 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?I ?1 ?I z 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
jU[J [& z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
[]K ?K ?K a 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L ?L 2 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
?M ?M ?M 2 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
?N ?N ?N Little or no opportunity
or to improve flow from quality. affecting t of opportunity may area.
result from hydrologic modifications overbank that prevent drainage 7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream-or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
Wes ?No If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary high water]). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
W 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide []Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
.Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
RSheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
[]Exposed - adjacent open water with width Z 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparian Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed.
WT WC RB (if applicable)
19A a 100 feet
?B ?]B r]B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E []E From 30 to < 40 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to< 15 30 feet
feet
?H ?H ?H <5feet
xi
9. Inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
W Evidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
?B Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
?C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition -assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
W Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box In each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the floodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A 0,A ILA z 500 acres
?B B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D ?D From 25 to < 50 acres
?E ?E ?E From 10 to < 25 acres
?F ?F ?F From 5 to < 10 acres
RG ?G ?G From 1 to < 5 acres
?H ?H ?H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
?I ?I ?I From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K <0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (Z 90%) of its natural landscape size.
?B Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
(XA ?A Z 500 acres
?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F ?F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
5aYes ?No Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Effect - wetland type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (2 40 feet wide), utility line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years old. Consider the eight
main points of the compass.
No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
RA Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
?B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected strata are unnaturally absent or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species.
16. Vegetative Diversity- assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
17. Vegetative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
K Vegetation present
Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only)
?A z 25% coverage of vegetation
?B < 25% coverage of vegetation
Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non-marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
RLA [8A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
?B ?B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
? Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
CjC CJC Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
?B ?B Moderate density shrub layer
®C J2C Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense herb layer
?B ?B Mode'rate density herb layer
19C ®C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
WB Not A .
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
A Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris piles.
INA Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
?B Not A
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion - wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non-Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
?A ?B ?C ?D
22. Habitat Uniqueness - wetland type condition metric
?Yes %No Has the N.C. Environmental Management Commission classified the assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
Notes
t it7
-? ;vwvl_,.-

Wetland Type
Level III Ecoregion
River Basin
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
'VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Date
Assessor Name/Organization
,n Nearest Named Water Body
to USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
t
Q:L
on within 4 hrs? Latitude/Longitude (deci-degrees)
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (examples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area intensively managed? ? Yes No
Describe effects of stressors that are present. ` if tw_`?
W

t
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
? NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
? Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, If any? (Check all that apply)
? Blackwater
? Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal island? ? Yes 0' No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantially altered by beaver? ? Yes
. Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
GS VS
?A Not severely altered
B B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
2. Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology. Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch s 1 foot deep is considered
to affect.surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
?A ?A Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
®B ®B Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
?C ?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetiand type condition metric
Check a box In each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
?A ?A Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
RIB j!}B Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
C ?C Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
?D ?D Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
C ?E ?E Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
ii)ju,_,w
CVAD x
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
MS Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil
Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling)
?D Gleyed mineral soil
?E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon)
FA Soil ribbon.< 1 inch
B Soil ribbon z 1 inch
A No peat or muck presence
B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge Into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box In each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
J.A IffA Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
?B ?B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C . Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use - opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box in each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to assessment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), and within 2 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide i n the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examples:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F ?F ?F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H Z 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?I ?1 ?1 2 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
?J ?J ?J 2 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
?K ?K ?K z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L ?L Z 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
?M ?M ?M z 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
ERN ORN [XN Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic modifications
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream-or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
?Yes J&No If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary high water]). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
?5 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide ?Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
?Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
?Sheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
?Exposed - adjacent open water with width 2 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparian Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box In each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed.
WT WC RB (if applicable)
IRA $A ?A Z 100 feet
B ?B ?B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E ?E From 30 to < 40 feet
?F ?F ?F From 15 to < 30 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to < 15 feet
?H ?H ?H < 5 feet
A
9. Inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
?A Evidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
RB Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
?C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition - assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
I&A Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland,
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
it. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the floodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A $, Z 500 acres Dr7
?B ?B B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
®D 1713 ?D From 25 to < 50 acres
?E ?E ?E From 10 to < 25 acres
?F ?F ?F From 5 to < 10 acres
?G ?G ?G From 1 to < 5 acres
?H ?H ?H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
? I ?I 171 From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K < 0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (2 90%) of its natural landscape size.
?B Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked In each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
®A ?A z 500 acres
?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F ?F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
?Yes 4Tlo Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Effect - wetland type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (a 40 feet wide), utility line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years old. Consider the eight
main points of the compass.
No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
JKA Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
?B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition, Expected strata are unnaturally absent or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species.
16. Vegetative Diversity - assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
17. Vegetative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Vegetation present
Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only)
?A ? 25% coverage of vegetation
?B < 25% coverage of vegetation
Check a box in each column for each stratum. Evaluate this portion of the metric for non-marsh wetlands. Consider
structure in airspace above the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT) separately.
AA WT
A Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
OB ?B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
JjJB JdB Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
LJL ?C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
?B ?B Moderate density shrub layer
J C aC Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense herb layer t?
,? ?B Modelrate density herb layer , _c CVA e_
uC ?C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
J0 Not A .
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
IVA Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DBH.
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris piles.
[7$A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
?B Not A
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion - wetland type/open water condition metric (evaluate for Non-Tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
Select the figure that best describes the amount of interspersion between vegetation and open water in the growing season. Patterned
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid white areas indicate open water.
?A ?B ?C ?D
r
22. Habitat Uniqueness - wetland type condition metric
?Yes DgNo Has the N.C. Environmental Management Commission classified the assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
Notes
xiii

n ?
NC WAM FIELD ASSESSMENT FORM
VERSION 4 (May 12, 2008)
Wetland Site Name kA Date a
Wetland Type _Inl Assessor Name/Organization jy-i
Level III Ecoregion Nearest Named Water Body
River Basin - USGS 8-Digit Catalogue Unit
? Yes No PrecIII- tation within 48 hrs? Latitude/Lon itude deci-de rees
Evidence of stressors affecting the assessment area (may not be within the assessment area)
Please circle and/or make note below if evidence of stressors is apparent. Consider departure from reference, if appropriate, in recent past
(for instance, within 10 years). Noteworthy stressors include, but are not limited to the following.
• Hydrological modifications (examples: ditches, dams, beaver dams, dikes, berms, ponds, etc.)
• Surface and sub-surface discharges into the wetland (ex4rnples: discharges containing obvious pollutants, presence of nearby
septic tanks, underground storage tanks (USTs), hog lagoons, etc.)
• Signs of vegetation stress (examples: vegetation mortality, insect damage, disease, storm damage, salt intrusion, etc.)
• Habitat/plant community alteration (examples: mowing, clear-cutting, exotics, etc.)
Is the assessment area Intensively managed? ? Yes No
Describe effects of stressors that are present.
Regulatory Considerations
Select all that apply to the assessment area.
? Anadromous fish
? Federally protected species or State endangered or threatened species
? NCDWQ riparian buffer rule in effect
? Wetland adjacent to a Primary Nursery Area or associated with a stream that drains to a Primary Nursery Area
? Publicly owned property
? N.C. Division of Coastal Management Area of Environmental Concern (AEC) (including buffer)
? N.C. Division of Water Quality best usage classification of SA or supplemental classifications of HQW, ORW, or-Trout
? Designated NCNHP reference community
? Wetland adjacent to a 303(d)-listed stream
What type of natural stream is associated with the wetland, if any? (Check all that apply)
? Blackwater
? Brownwater
? Tidal (if tidal, check one of the following boxes) ? Lunar ? Wind ? Both
Is the assessment area on a coastal Island? ? Yes A No
Is the assessment area's surface water storage capacity or duration substantial) altered b beaver? ? Yes No
1. Ground Surface ConditionNegetation Condition - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider alteration to the ground surface (GS) in the assessment area and vegetation structure (VS) in
the assessment area. Compare to reference wetland if applicable (see User Manual). If a reference is not applicable, then rate the
assessment area based on evidence of alteration.
ZIA UJA Not severely altered
?B ?B Severely altered over a majority of the assessment area (ground surface alteration examples: vehicle tracks, excessive
sedimentation, fire-plow lanes, skidder tracks, bedding, fill, soil compaction, obvious pollutants) (vegetation structure
alteration examples: mechanical disturbance, herbicides, salt intrusion [where appropriate], exotic species, grazing,
reduced diversity [if appropriate], hydrologic alteration)
Surface and Sub-Surface Storage Capacity and Duration - assessment area condition metric
Check a box In each column. Consider surface storage capacity and duration (Surf) and sub-surface storage capacity and duration
(Sub). Consider both increase and decrease in hydrology.' Refer to the current NRCS lateral effect of ditching guidance for North Carolina
hydric soils (see USACE Wilmington District website) for the zone of influence of ditches in hydric soils. A ditch 5 1 foot deep is considered
to affect surface water only, while a ditch > 1 foot deep is expected to affect both surface and sub-surface water. Consider tidal flooding
regime, if applicable.
Surf Sub
KA Water storage capacity and duration are not altered.
?B ?B Water storage capacity or duration are altered, but not substantially (typically, not sufficient to change vegetation).
?C ?C Water storage capacity or duration is substantially altered (typically, alteration sufficient to result in vegetation
change) (examples: intensive ditching, fill, sedimentation, channelization, diversion, man-made berms, beaver
dams, stream incision, underground utility lines, soil compaction).
3. Water Storage/Surface Relief - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
Check a box in each column. Select the appropriate storage for the assessment area (AA) and the wetland type (WT).
AA WT
?A ?A Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water > 2 feet deep
1813 ®B Majority of the wetland type with depressions able to pond water 1 to 2 feet deep
?C ?C Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 6 inches to 1 foot deep
?D ?D Majority of wetland type with depressions able to pond water 3 to 6 inches deep
?E ?E Depressions able to pond water < 3 inches deep
x
n
GS VS
4. Soil Texture/Structure - assessment area condition metric
Check a box from each of the three soil property groups below. Dig soil profile in the dominant assessment area landscape feature.
Make soil observations within the top 12 inches. Use most recent guidance for National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils regional
indicators.
?A Sandy soil
XB Predominantly characterized by mottled (redoxymorphic features), mineral soil
?C Predominantly characterized by other, mineral soil (no mottling)
?D Gleyed mineral soil
?E Peat or muck soil (histosol or histic epipedon)
®A Soil ribbon < 1 inch
?B Soil ribbon Z 1 inch
MA No peat or muck presence
B A peat or muck presence
5. Discharge Into Wetland - assessment area opportunity metric
Check a box in each column. Consider surface pollutants or discharges (Surf) and sub-surface pollutants or discharges (Sub).
Examples of sub-surface discharges include presence of nearby septic tank, underground storage tank (UST), etc.
Surf Sub
®A ®A Little or no evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the assessment area
?B ?B Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges entering the wetland and stressing, but not overwhelming the
treatment capacity of the assessment area
?C ?C Noticeable evidence of pollutants or discharges (pathogen, particulate, or soluble) entering the assessment area and
potentially overwhelming the treatment capacity of the wetland (water discoloration, dead vegetation, excessive
sedimentation, odor)
6. Land Use - opportunity metric
Check all that apply (at least one box In each column). Evaluation involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. Consider sources
draining to asse ssment area within entire upstream watershed (WS), within 5 miles and within the watershed draining to the assessment
area (5M), and within 2 m iles and within the watershed draining to the assessment area (2M). Effective riparian buffers are considered to
be 50 feet wide i n the Coastal Plain and Piedmont ecoregions and 30 feet wide in the Blue Ridge Mountains ecoregion.
WS 5M 2M
?A ?A ?A > 30% impervious surfaces with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) (land use examples:
industrial, commercial, and high-density residential)
?B ?B ?B > 30% impervious surfaces without stormwater BMPs
?C ?C ?C 10 to 30% impervious surfaces
?D ?D ?D < 10% impervious surfaces
?E ?E ?E Old urban development (pink areas on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangles)
?F ?F ?F New adjacent development
?G ?G ?G Confined animal operations (or other local, concentrated source of pollutants)
?H ?H ?H Z 20% coverage of pasture without riparian buffer
?I ?1 ?I Z 20% coverage of pasture with effective riparian buffer
?J ?J ?J Z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) without riparian buffer
?K ?K ?K Z 20% coverage of agricultural land (regularly plowed land) with effective riparian buffer
?L ?L ?L Z 20% coverage of maintained grass/herb
?M ?M ?M Z 20% coverage of silvicultural land with disturbance < 5 years old
V AI J&N Little or no opportunity to improve water quality. Lack of opportunity may result from hydrologic modifications
that prevent drainage or overbank flow from affecting the assessment area.
7. Wetland Acting as Vegetated Buffer - assessment area condition metric
Is assessment area within 50 feet of a stream or other open water? (open water does not typically include man-made ditches or canals)
?Yes JWNo If No, skip to next metric.
Stream width (Stream width is normal flow width [ordinary high water to ordinary high water)). If the stream is anastomosed, combine
widths of channels/braids for a total stream width.
?s 15-feet wide ?> 15-feet wide ?Not applicable (no stream associated with assessment area)
Do roots of assessment area vegetation extend into the bank of the adjacent stream/open water?
?Yes ?No
Is stream or other open water sheltered or exposed?
?Sheltered - adjacent open water with width < 2500 feet and no regular boat traffic.
?Exposed - adjacent open water with width 2 2500 feet or regular boat traffic.
8. Wetland/Riparlan Buffer Width - assessment area/wetland type/wetland complex metric
Check a box In each column. Select the appropriate width for the wetland type at the assessment area (WT), the wetland complex
(WC), and the riparian buffer at the assessment area (RB) (if applicable). Riparian buffer width is measured from top of bank and need
only be present on one side of the water body. The riparian buffer is measured from the outside banks of the outer channels of an
anastomosed system. Make buffer judgment based on dominant landscape feature. Record a note if a portion of the buffer has been
removed or disturbed. -
WT WC RB (if applicable)
ZIA EJA ?A Z 100 feet
?B UB ?B From 80 to < 100 feet
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 80 feet
?D ?D ?D From 40 to < 50 feet
?E ?E ?E From 30 to < 40 feet
?F ?F ?F From 15 to < 30 feet
?G ?G ?G From 5 to < 15 feet
?H ?H ?H < 5 feet
9. Inundation Duration - assessment area condition metric
Answer for assessment area dominant landform.
?A Evidence of short-duration inundation (< 7 consecutive days)
XB Evidence of saturation, without evidence of inundation
C Evidence of long-duration inundation (7 to 30 consecutive days or more)
10. Indicators of Deposition - assessment area condition metric
Consider recent deposition only (no plant growth since deposition).
NA Sediment deposition is not excessive, but at approximately natural levels.
?B Sediment deposition is excessive, but not overwhelming the wetland.
?C Sediment deposition is excessive and is overwhelming the wetland.
11. Wetland Size - wetland type/wetland complex condition metric
Check a box in each column. Involves a GIS effort with field adjustment. This metric evaluates three aspects of the wetland area: the
size of the wetland type (WT), the size of the contiguous wetland complex (WC), and the size of the contiguous, forested wetland (FW) (if
applicable, see User Manual). Boundaries are formed by uplands, four-lane roads, or urban landscapes. An observed beaver pond forms
a boundary if it extends across the entire width of the floodplain. Additionally, other wetland types are considered boundaries for column
WT. If assessment area is clear-cut, select "K" for FW column.
WT WC FW (if applicable)
?A JP, JjA a 500 acres
?B ?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C ?C From 50 to < 100 acres
?D ?D From 25 to <50 acres
nE ?E ?E From 10 to <25 acres
?F ?F ?F From 5 to < 10 acres
?G ?G ?G From 1 to < 5 acres
?H ?H ?H From 0.5 to < 1 acre
?I ?I ?1 From 0.1 to < 0.5 acre
?J ?J ?J From 0.01 to < 0.1 acre
?K ?K ?K <0.01 acre
12. Wetland Intactness - wetland type condition metric (evaluate for Pocosins only)
?A Pocosin is the full extent (;-, 90%) of its natural landscape size.
?B Pocosin is < 90% of the full extent of its natural landscape size.
13. Connectivity to Other Natural Areas - landscape condition metric
Check appropriate box(es) (a box may be checked in each column). This metric evaluates whether the wetland is well connected
(Well) and/or loosely connected (Loosely) to the landscape patch, the contiguous naturally vegetated area and open water (if appropriate).
Boundaries are formed by four-lane roads, urban landscapes, maintained fields (pasture and agriculture), or open water > 300 feet wide.
Well Loosely
JEA ?A z 500 acres
?B ?B From 100 to < 500 acres
?C ?C From 50 to < 1,00 acres
?D ?D From 10 to < 50 acres
?E ?E < 10 acres
?F ?F Wetland type has a poor or no connection to other natural habitats
Check Yes or No.
?Yes ?No Does wetland type have a surface hydrology connection to open waters or tidal wetlands? (evaluate for marshes only)
?Yes RNo Does the assessment area experience overbank or overland flooding during normal rainfall conditions?
14. Edge Effect - wetland type condition metric
Estimate distance from wetland type boundary to artificial edges. Artificial edges include permanent features such as fields, development,
two-lane or larger roads (z 40 feet wide), utility, line corridors wider than a two-lane road, and clear-cuts < 10 years old. Consider the eight
main points of the compass.
A No artificial edge within 150 feet in all directions
B No artificial edge within 150 feet in four to-seven directions
?C An artificial edge occurs within 150 feet in more than four directions or assessment area is clear-cut
15. Vegetative Composition - assessment area condition metric (skip for all marshes and Pine Flat)
4W Vegetation is close to reference condition in species present and their proportions. Lower strata composed of appropriate
species, with exotic plants absent or sparse within the assessment area.
?B Vegetation is different from reference condition in species diversity or proportions, but still largely composed of native species
characteristic of the wetland type. This may include communities of weedy native species that develop after clearcutting or
clearing. It also includes communities with exotics present, but not dominant, over a large portion of the expected strata.
?C Vegetation severely altered from reference in composition. Expected strata are unnaturally absent.or dominated by exotic
species or composed of planted stands of non-characteristic species or inappropriately composed of a single species. y
16. Vegetative Diversity - assessment area condition metric (evaluate for Non-tidal Freshwater Marsh only)
?A Vegetation diversity is high and is composed primarily of native species (< 10% cover of exotics).
?B Vegetation diversity is low or has > 10% to 50% cover of exotics.
?C Vegetation is dominated by exotic species (> 50 % cover of exotics).
xii
17. V?e.j? etative Structure - assessment area/wetland type condition metric
I Vegetation present
/// Evaluate percent coverage of vegetation (for all marshes only)
17A a 25% coverage of vegetation
non-marsh wetlands. Consider
17B < 25% coverage of vegetation turn. Check a box In each column for assessment ach str area (AA) alndtthehwetland itype (WT) separately.
structure In airspace above
A WT
W Canopy closed, or nearly closed, with natural gaps associated with natural processes
g ?B Canopy present, but opened more than natural gaps
?C ?C Canopy sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense mid-story/sapling layer
QB gB Moderate density mid-story/sapling layer
?C ?C Mid-story/sapling layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense shrub layer
1713 ?B Moderate density shrub layer
PC W Shrub layer sparse or absent
?A ?A Dense herb layer CQ
?B 013 Moderate density herb layer
?C ?C Herb layer sparse or absent
? Vegetation absent
18. Snags - wetland type condition metric
?A Large snags (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches DBH, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
RB Not A
19. Diameter Class Distribution - wetland type condition metric
WA Majority of canopy trees have stems > 6 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH); many large trees (> 12 inches DBH) are
present.
?B Majority of canopy trees have stems between 6 and 12 inches DBH, few are > 12 inch DB .
?C Majority of canopy trees are < 6 inches DBH or no trees.
20. Large Woody Debris - wetland type condition metric
Include both man-made and natural debris piles.
A Large logs (more than one) are visible (> 12 inches in diameter, or large relative to species present and landscape stability).
only)
n Not A
water niche g owing seansonShPatterned
21. Vegetation/Open Water Dispersion -wetland typeinterspersion on water between vegetation (evaluaopete for Non
Select the figure that best describes the amount o ?D
areas indicate vegetated areas, while solid w?hiitte areas indicate open water.
A
i
• _i
22. Habitat Uniqueness - wetland type condition metric
ement commission classified the-assessment area as "Unique Wetlands" (UWL)?
?Yes lo Has the N.C. Environmental Manag
Notes A
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xiii

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Summary of Comments on cat ear BLH flag lines.pdf
Page: 1
Number 1 Author. Thurshfles Subject: Sticky Note Date: 8/412008 9:31:22 AM
Area A- flags A-1 thru A-25, run counterclockwise starting at E line north side. upper tip at A-12
Number. 2Author. Thurshflles Subject Sticky Note Date: 81412008 9:31:35 AM
Area C- flags C-1 thru C-12 run counterclockwise starting at west edge at perceived E line.
Number. 3Author. Thurshtiles Subject: Sticky Note Date: 8/4/2008 9:30:59 AM
Area 8- flags 81 thru B-25 run clockwise starting at E One east side. Flags do not cross road- upper tip at B-13 near well.
Number. 4Author. Thurshfiles Subject: Sticky Note Date: 814/2008 9:30:25 AM
Area D-flags D-1 thru D-81 starting beyond perceived E line (at main prong edge) run clockwise from south edge-has a bulge on north side. 0-30 is upper tip.
Number. 5Author. Thurshfiles Subject Sticky Note Date: 8/412008 9:30:02 AM
Area E- flags E-1 thru E-42 run clockwise starting at south edge beyond perceived E line. upper tip flag is E-20.

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