Duke Energy Progress - Hope MIlls Rockfish Road Substation - HMRR-Stormwater Report

Stormwater Report

for

Contents:

Site Work Narrative

Calculations
1. Ditch Sizing/Lining Calculations

Figures & Reference Information
NRCS Soil Map & Soil Descriptions
USGS Quadrangle Map

Prepared by: Benjamin A. Palmer

HOPE MILLS ROCKFISH ROAD 230kV SUBSTATION
HUNTING RIDGE ROAD
HOPE MILLS, NORTH CAROLINA

DMP Project 170147

08/02/2017
DUKE ENERGY PROGRESS
HOPE MILLS ROCKFISH ROAD 230kV SUBSTATION
HUNTING RIDGE ROAD
HOPE MILLS, NC (CUMBERLAND COUNTY)

STORMWATER NARRATIVE

The existing electric substation facility will be located at 5890 Hunting Ridge Road in Hope Mills, Cumberland
County. The total site area is 10.22 acres. The proposed disturbed area is 4.94 AC +/- (which includes clearing
for the proposed expanded substation yard area, new access drive and temporary staging/stockpile area). Site
grading will consist of both cut and fill operations, with some import material being required to establish the
proposed final substation and access drive grades.

The site lies within the Permastone Lake subbasin (Index # 18-31-22-(1), Cape Fear River Basin, Class B).
Generally speaking, the site drains from northeast to southwest, and runoff is primarily overland flow.

The site currently contains an existing substation yard (gravel) and access drive (gravel) which provides for a
total existing built-upon-area of 36,090 SF (8.11%). The proposed impervious areas consist of the gravel
access drive, shoulder gravel around the perimeter of the substation fence and a concrete Control Building
within the substation fenced area. The substation yard will consist of 6-inches of gravel (3” ABC & 3” #57)
utilized for weed control, resulting in a total proposed built-upon-area (BUA) of 10.93% of the total site area
(10.22 acres). The existing (pre-construction) drainage patterns will not be significantly altered; and the
existing drainage features will be left in place and utilized for the post-construction conditions. One (1) cross-
pipe culvert is proposed along the new access drive to facilitate drainage. The new ditchlines will convey
runoff from the expanded substation area and allowed to disperse across the property prior to leaving the
site. No new non-structural or structural BMPs are currently proposed.

July 17, 2017
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #:D-1
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.270 0.122
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.000 0.000
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 0.000 0.000
Total = 0.270 0.122
Q=C*i*A Composite C=0.45
2yr, 5 min i=6.14 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=0.270 acre OK
Q2= 0.75 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)3 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 3
MAX Slope in %1 =0.01
Manning n 0.020 Bare Earth
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.13 3.802 0.429 0.113 482,125 0.75 1.74
Try Manning n for Liner Chosen 0.055
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.23 4.438 0.837 0.189 482,125 0.75 0.89
TRACTIVE FORCE CALCULATION FOR TEMPORARY LINER
T=YDS Y=62.4 PCF T= 0.14 PSF
D=FLOW DEPTH
S=CHANNEL SLOPE
"T" max PRODUCT
0-0.5'0.5-2.0'>2.0'
STRAW BLANKET 0.055 0.035 0.021 1.55 PSF NAG S150
COCONUT BLANKET 0.022 0.018 0.014 2.25 PSF NAG C125
TURF REINF. MATTING 0.041 0.025 0.012 3.20 PSF NAG C350
CLASS B RIPRAP 0.109 0.072 0.036 3.50 PSF 8" D50
CLASS I RIPRAP 0.113 0.075 0.038 5.00 PSF 10" D50
CLASS II RIPRAP 0.118 0.081 0.042 7.50 PSF 14" D50
LINING REQUIRED:STRAW BLANKET 1.55 PSF
LINING PROVIDED:North American Green S150 or Eq.
Temporary Lining
BARE EARTH
Trapezoidal Channel
STRAW BLANKET
Mannings 'n' (Table 8.05e & 8.05f S&EC Manual)
n value for depth (ft)
STRAW BLANKET
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #: D-1
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.000 0.000
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.080 0.068
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 0.190 0.038
Total = 0.270 0.106
Composite C=0.39
Q=C*i*A
10 yr, 5 min i=7.96 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=0.270 acre OK
Q10= 0.84 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)3 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 3
MIN Slope in %1 =0.01
Manning n 0.170
(Extrapolated from Figure 8.05c S&EC Manual)
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL (FPS)
0.46 5.879 1.987 0.338 545,298 0.84 0.42
Max Permissible Velocity for design slope:5.5 FPS
Table 8.05a S&EC Manual OK
VR n diff
0.144 0.170 0.00
5.73 FT
0.46 FT DEPTH REQUIRED
Side Slope (H:V)3 :1 1.00 FT DEPTH PROVIDED
GOOD
Bottom Width 3 FT
Longitudinal Slope 1.00 %
Permanent Lining Capacity
STRAW BLANKET Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
North American Green S150 or Eq.
VEGETATED CHANNEL
Trapezoidal Channel
Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
CHANNEL SUMMARY
TOP WIDTH AT REQUIRED
DEPTH =
TEMPORARY LINER PERMANENT LINER
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #:D-2
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.570 0.257
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.000 0.000
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 0.000 0.000
Total = 0.570 0.257
Q=C*i*A Composite C=0.45
2yr, 5 min i=6.14 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=0.570 acre OK
Q2= 1.57 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)3 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 4.5
MAX Slope in %1 =0.01
Manning n 0.020 Bare Earth
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.16 5.490 0.778 0.142 1,017,820 1.57 2.02
VELOCITY TOO FAST - LINER REQUIRED
Try Manning n for Liner Chosen 0.055
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.28 6.282 1.506 0.240 1,017,820 1.57 1.05
TRACTIVE FORCE CALCULATION FOR TEMPORARY LINER
T=YDS Y=62.4 PCF T= 0.18 PSF
D=FLOW DEPTH
S=CHANNEL SLOPE
"T" max PRODUCT
0-0.5'0.5-2.0'>2.0'
STRAW BLANKET 0.055 0.035 0.021 1.55 PSF NAG S150
COCONUT BLANKET 0.022 0.018 0.014 2.25 PSF NAG C125
TURF REINF. MATTING 0.041 0.025 0.012 3.20 PSF NAG C350
CLASS B RIPRAP 0.109 0.072 0.036 3.50 PSF 8" D50
CLASS I RIPRAP 0.113 0.075 0.038 5.00 PSF 10" D50
CLASS II RIPRAP 0.118 0.081 0.042 7.50 PSF 14" D50
LINING REQUIRED:STRAW BLANKET 1.55 PSF
LINING PROVIDED:North American Green S150 or Eq.
Temporary Lining
BARE EARTH
Trapezoidal Channel
STRAW BLANKET
Mannings 'n' (Table 8.05e & 8.05f S&EC Manual)
n value for depth (ft)
STRAW BLANKET
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #: D-2
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.000 0.000
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.440 0.374
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 0.130 0.026
Total = 0.570 0.400
Composite C=0.70
Q=C*i*A
10 yr, 5 min i=7.96 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=0.570 acre OK
Q10= 3.18 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)3 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 4.5
MIN Slope in %1 =0.01
Manning n 0.093
(Extrapolated from Figure 8.05c S&EC Manual)
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL (FPS)
0.56 8.052 3.473 0.431 2,057,730 3.18 0.92
Max Permissible Velocity for design slope:5.5 FPS
Table 8.05a S&EC Manual OK
VR n diff
0.395 0.093 0.00
7.87 FT
0.56 FT DEPTH REQUIRED
Side Slope (H:V)3 :1 1.00 FT DEPTH PROVIDED
GOOD
Bottom Width 5 FT
Longitudinal Slope 1.00 %
Permanent Lining Capacity
STRAW BLANKET Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
North American Green S150 or Eq.
VEGETATED CHANNEL
Trapezoidal Channel
Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
CHANNEL SUMMARY
TOP WIDTH AT REQUIRED
DEPTH =
TEMPORARY LINER PERMANENT LINER
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #:D-3
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 1.430 0.644
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.000 0.000
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 2.440 0.488
Total = 3.870 1.132
Q=C*i*A Composite C=0.29
2yr, 5 min i=6.14 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=3.870 acre OK
Q2= 6.95 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)4 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 5
MAX Slope in %0.3 =0.003
Manning n 0.020 Bare Earth
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.48 8.943 3.306 0.370 4,489,916 6.95 2.10
VELOCITY TOO FAST - LINER REQUIRED
Try Manning n for Liner Chosen 0.055
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.82 11.743 6.763 0.576 4,489,916 6.95 1.03
TRACTIVE FORCE CALCULATION FOR TEMPORARY LINER
T=YDS Y=62.4 PCF T= 0.15 PSF
D=FLOW DEPTH
S=CHANNEL SLOPE
"T" max PRODUCT
0-0.5'0.5-2.0'>2.0'
STRAW BLANKET 0.055 0.035 0.021 1.55 PSF NAG S150
COCONUT BLANKET 0.022 0.018 0.014 2.25 PSF NAG C125
TURF REINF. MATTING 0.041 0.025 0.012 3.20 PSF NAG C350
CLASS B RIPRAP 0.109 0.072 0.036 3.50 PSF 8" D50
CLASS I RIPRAP 0.113 0.075 0.038 5.00 PSF 10" D50
CLASS II RIPRAP 0.118 0.081 0.042 7.50 PSF 14" D50
LINING REQUIRED:STRAW BLANKET 1.55 PSF
LINING PROVIDED:North American Green S150 or Eq.
Temporary Lining
BARE EARTH
Trapezoidal Channel
STRAW BLANKET
Mannings 'n' (Table 8.05e & 8.05f S&EC Manual)
n value for depth (ft)
STRAW BLANKET
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #: D-3
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.000 0.000
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.710 0.604
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 3.160 0.632
Total = 3.870 1.236
Composite C=0.32
Q=C*i*A
10 yr, 5 min i=7.96 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=3.870 acre OK
Q10= 9.83 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)4 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 5
MIN Slope in %0.3 =0.003
Manning n 0.069
(Extrapolated from Figure 8.05c S&EC Manual)
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL (FPS)
1.09 14.029 10.270 0.732 6,355,813 9.83 0.96
Max Permissible Velocity for design slope:5.5 FPS
Table 8.05a S&EC Manual OK
VR n diff
0.701 0.069 0.00
13.76 FT
1.09 FT DEPTH REQUIRED
Side Slope (H:V)4 :1 1.25 FT DEPTH PROVIDED
GOOD
Bottom Width 5 FT
Longitudinal Slope 0.30 %
Permanent Lining Capacity
STRAW BLANKET Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
North American Green S150 or Eq.
VEGETATED CHANNEL
Trapezoidal Channel
Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
CHANNEL SUMMARY
TOP WIDTH AT REQUIRED
DEPTH =
TEMPORARY LINER PERMANENT LINER
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #:D-4
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 1.650 0.743
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.170 0.145
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 3.170 0.634
Total = 4.990 1.521
Q=C*i*A Composite C=0.30
2yr, 5 min i=6.14 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=4.990 acre OK
Q2= 9.34 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)6 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 4
MAX Slope in %0.5 =0.005
Manning n 0.020 Bare Earth
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.51 10.160 3.564 0.351 6,035,495 9.34 2.62
VELOCITY TOO FAST - LINER REQUIRED
Try Manning n for Liner Chosen 0.035
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL
0.67 12.130 5.352 0.441 6,035,495 9.34 1.74
TRACTIVE FORCE CALCULATION FOR TEMPORARY LINER
T=YDS Y=62.4 PCF T= 0.21 PSF
D=FLOW DEPTH
S=CHANNEL SLOPE
"T" max PRODUCT
0-0.5'0.5-2.0'>2.0'
STRAW BLANKET 0.055 0.035 0.021 1.55 PSF NAG S150
COCONUT BLANKET 0.022 0.018 0.014 2.25 PSF NAG C125
TURF REINF. MATTING 0.041 0.025 0.012 3.20 PSF NAG C350
CLASS B RIPRAP 0.109 0.072 0.036 3.50 PSF 8" D50
CLASS I RIPRAP 0.113 0.075 0.038 5.00 PSF 10" D50
CLASS II RIPRAP 0.118 0.081 0.042 7.50 PSF 14" D50
LINING REQUIRED:STRAW BLANKET 1.55 PSF
LINING PROVIDED:North American Green S150 or Eq.
Temporary Lining
BARE EARTH
Trapezoidal Channel
STRAW BLANKET
Mannings 'n' (Table 8.05e & 8.05f S&EC Manual)
n value for depth (ft)
STRAW BLANKET
Channel Design Calculations
Per NC Erosion Control Manual
Project:Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV Sub
Proj. No:170147.00 Davis • Martin • Powell
Client:Duke Energy Progress 6415 Old Plank Road
Date:26-Jun-17 High Point, NC 27265
Revised:2-Aug-17 p. 336.886.4821
DITCH #: D-4
Common C Factors and Composite C Calc. - Table 8.03b S&EC Manual
Land Use Range Use Area of CA
Bare Earth 0.30-0.60 0.45 0.000 0.000
Impervious 0.75-0.95 0.85 0.870 0.740
Woods 0.05-0.25 0.15 0.000 0.000 0.000
Grass 0.10-0.30 0.20 4.120 0.824
Total = 4.990 1.564
Composite C=0.31
Q=C*i*A
10 yr, 5 min i=7.96 (in/hr) Taken from NOAA IDF Table
A=4.990 acre OK
Q10= 12.45 cfs
Side Slope (Hor to Vert)6 to 1
Bottom Width in Feet 4
MIN Slope in %0.3 =0.003
Manning n 0.071
(Extrapolated from Figure 8.05c S&EC Manual)
WETTED FLOW
DEPTH PERIM.AREA HYD MANNING FLOW
FEET FT SF RADIUS GPD CFS VEL (FPS)
1.20 18.577 13.408 0.722 8,043,152 12.45 0.93
Max Permissible Velocity for design slope:5.5 FPS
Table 8.05a S&EC Manual OK
VR n diff
0.670 0.071 0.00
18.38 FT
1.20 FT DEPTH REQUIRED
Side Slope (H:V)6 :1 1.00 FT DEPTH PROVIDED
NEED MORE DEPTH
Bottom Width 4 FT
Longitudinal Slope 0.30 %
Permanent Lining Capacity
STRAW BLANKET Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
North American Green S150 or Eq.
VEGETATED CHANNEL
Trapezoidal Channel
Grass Class D - 2" to 6"
CHANNEL SUMMARY
TOP WIDTH AT REQUIRED
DEPTH =
TEMPORARY LINER PERMANENT LINER
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Cumberland
County, North
Carolina
Hope Mills Rockfish 230kV
Substation
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
June 9, 2017
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
Soil Map.................................................................................................................. 8
Soil Map................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................ 11
Map Unit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Cumberland County, North Carolina...............................................................13
CaB—Candor sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes..................................................13
LbB—Lakeland-Urban land complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes.......................14
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
5
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
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Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
387241038724403872470387250038725303872560387259038726203872440387247038725003872530387256038725903872620685260 685290 685320 685350 685380 685410 685440 685470 685500 685530 685560
685260 685290 685320 685350 685380 685410 685440 685470 685500 685530 685560 685590
34° 58' 45'' N 78° 58' 14'' W34° 58' 45'' N78° 58' 0'' W34° 58' 38'' N
78° 58' 14'' W34° 58' 38'' N
78° 58' 0'' WN
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
0 50 100 200 300
Feet
0 20 40 80 120
Meters
Map Scale: 1:1,550 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.
Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Cumberland County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 17, Sep 19, 2016
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Feb 14, 2011—Mar 3,
2011
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Map Unit Legend
Cumberland County, North Carolina (NC051)
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
CaB Candor sand, 1 to 8 percent
slopes
7.4 92.8%
LbB Lakeland-Urban land complex,
1 to 8 percent slopes
0.6 7.2%
Totals for Area of Interest 8.0 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
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development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Cumberland County, North Carolina
CaB—Candor sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: w6zj
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Candor and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Candor
Setting
Landform: Ridges on marine terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine deposits and/or eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: sand
E - 8 to 26 inches: sand
Bt - 26 to 38 inches: loamy sand
E' - 38 to 62 inches: sand
B't - 62 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to
high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 2.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Dry Sandy Upland Woodland (F137XY001GA)
Hydric soil rating: No
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LbB—Lakeland-Urban land complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: w715
Elevation: 160 to 660 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 52 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 61 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 245 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Lakeland and similar soils: 40 percent
Urban land: 30 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Lakeland
Setting
Landform: Low hills
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Sandy marine deposits and/or eolian sands
Typical profile
A - 0 to 6 inches: sand
C1 - 6 to 48 inches: sand
C2 - 48 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (5.95
to 19.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: Dry Sandy Upland Woodland (F137XY001GA)
Hydric soil rating: No
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Description of Urban Land
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8
Hydric soil rating: No
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