SW6170801 - JSOC, SOF Truck Inspection Point (3)

' PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
SECTION 32 05 33
LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT
06/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the
basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D 5851 (1995; R 2006) Planning and Implementing a
Water Monitoring Program
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Pesticide
Any substance or mixture of substances, including biological control
agents, that may prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests and are
specifically labeled for use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Also, any substance used as a plant regulator, defoliant,
disinfectant, or biocide. Examples of pesticides include fumigants,
herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides and
rodenticides.
1.2.2 Stand of Turf
100 percent ground cover of the established species.
1.2.3 Planter Beds
A planter bed is defined as an area containing one or a combination of the
following plant types: shrubs, vines, wildflowers, annuals, perennials,
ground cover, excluding turf. Trees may also be found in planter beds.
1.3 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 32 92 23 SODDING apply to this section for installation of sod
requirements, with additions and modifications herein.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD -03 Product Data
Fertilizer;
SD -07 Certificates
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Maintenance inspection report
Plant quantities;
SD -10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Maintenance
SD -11 Closeout Submittals
Tree, staking and guying removal
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
Deliver fertilizer to the site in original containers bearing
manufacturer's chemical analysis, name, trade name, or trademark, and
indication of conformance to state and federal laws. Instead of
containers, fertilizer may be furnished in bulk with a certificate
indicating the above information.
1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Fertilizer, Lime and Mulch Storage
Material shall be stored in designated areas. Lime and fertilizer shall be
stored in cool, dry locations away from contaminants.
1.5.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump materials from vehicles.
1.6 MAINTENANCE
Submit Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manuals for planting materials.
Include instructions indicating procedures during one typical year
including variations of maintenance for climatic conditions throughout the
year. Provide instructions and procedures for watering; promotion of
growth, including fertilizing, pruning, and mowing; and integrated pest
management. O&M Manuals shall include pictures of planting materials cross
referenced to botanical and common names, with a description of the normal
appearance in each season.
Develop a water monitoring program for surface and ground water on the
project site in accordance with ASTM D 5851 and consistent with the water
management program utilized during construction operations.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 POST -PLANT FERTILIZER
Fertilizer for trees, plants, and shrubs shall be as recommended by plant
supplier, except synthetic chemical fertilizers are not permitted.
Fertilizers containing petrochemical additives or that have been treated
with pesticides or herbicides are not permitted.
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2.1.1 Granular Fertilizer
Organic, granular controlled release fertilizer, at rates as determined by
laboratory soil analysis of the soil at the job site, or providing the
following rates by weight of Nitrogen:
Warm season grass sod:
Bermudagrass: total of 0.1 pounds of Nitrogen per 100 square feet per
year (0.1#/100sf/yr), applied to the soil surface immediately before or
at the time of installation
Trees and shrubs: total of 0.1 pounds of Nitrogen per 100 square feet per
year (0.1##/100sf/yr), applied at a rate of 0.3#/100sf each application (3)
during the one year warranty period.
Contractor shall calculate required application amounts based on fertilizer
content percentages of N -P -K (Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Potassium).
Different mixes may be used to provide the required amount of Nitrogen.
2.2 WATER
Source of water shall be approved by the Contracting Officer, and be of
suitable quality for irrigation. Use collected storm water or graywater
when available.
2.3 MULCHES TOPDRESSING
Free from noxious weeds, mold, pesticides, or other deleterious materials.
2.3.1 Organic Mulch Materials
Pine straw mulch or pine needles shall be from site when available.
Biobased content shall be a minimum of 100 percent.
2.3.2 Recycled Organic Mulch
Recycled mulch may include compost, tree trimmings, or pine needles with a
gradation that passes through a 2-1/2 by 2-1/2 inch screen. It shall be -
cleaned of all sticks a minimum 1 inch in diameter. The material shall be
treated to retard the growth of mold and fungi.
2.4 PESTICIDES
Submit an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPM), including weed and pest
management strategies with proposed alternatives to herbicides and
pesticicdes. Use biological pest controls as approved in the Plan.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXTENT OF WORK
Provide landscape construction maintenance to include mowing, edging,
fertilizing, watering, for all newly installed landscape areas , unless
indicated otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of the
construction that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations.
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3.1.1 Policing
The Contractor shall police all landscaped areas. Policing includes
removal of leaves, branches and limbs regardless of length or diameter,
dead vegetation, paper, trash, cigarette butts, garbage, rocks or other
debris. Policy shall extend to both sides of fencing or walls. Collected
debris shall be promptly removed and disposed of at an approved disposal
site.
3.1.2 Drainage System Maintenance
The Contractor shall remove all obstructions from surface and subsurface
drain lines to allow water to flow unrestricted in swales, gutters, catch
basins, storm drain curb inlets, and yard drains. Remove grates and clear
debris in catch basins. Open drainage channels are to be maintained free
of all debris and vegetation at all times. Edges of these channels shall
be clear of any encroachment by vegetation.
3.2 GROUNDCOVER ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD
Groundcover establishment period will commence on the date that inspection
by the Contracting Officer shows that the new turf furnished under this
contract has been satisfactorily installed to a 100 percent stand of
coverage. The establishment period shall continue for a period of 365 days.
3.2.1 Frequency of Maintenance
Begin maintenance immediately after turf has been installed. Inspect areas
during the installation and establishment period and perform needed
maintenance promptly.
3.2.2 Promotion of Growth
Groundcover shall be maintained in a manner that promotes proper health,
growth, natural color.Turf shall have a neat uniform manicured appearance,
free of bare areas, ruts, holes, weeds, pests, dead vegetation, debris, and
unwanted vegetation that present an unsightly appearance. Mow, remove
excess clippings, eradicate weeds, water, fertilize, and perform other
operations necessary to promote growth, as approved by Contracting Officer
and consistent with approved Integrated Pest Management Plan. Remove
noxious weeds common to the area from planting areas by mechanical means.
3.2.3 Mowing
3.2.3.1 Turf
Turf shall be mowed at a uniform finished height. Mow turfed areas to a
minimum average height of 2 inches when average height of grass becomes 4
inches for spring/summer maintenance and to a minimum average height of 3
inches when the average height of grass reaches 4 inches for fall winter
maintenance. The height of turf is measured from the soil. Mowing of turf
shall be performed in a manner that prevents scalping, rutting, bruising,
uneven and rough cutting. Prior to mowing, all rubbish, debris, trash,
leaves, rocks, paper, and limbs or branches on a turf area shall be picked
up and disposed. Adjacent paved areas shall be swept/vacuumed clean.
3.2.4 Turf Edging and Trimming
Perimeter of planter bed edges, sidewalks, driveways, curbs, and other
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paved surfaces shall be edged. Uniformly edge these areas to prevent
encroachment of vegetation onto paved surfaces and to provide a clear cut
division line between planter beds, turf, and ground cover. Edging is to
be accomplished in a manner that prevents scalping, rutting, bruising,
uneven and rough cutting. Edging shall be performed on the same day that
turf is mowed. Use of string line trimmers is permitted in "soft" areas
such as an edge between turfgrass and a planter bed. Care shall be
exercised to avoid damage to any plant materials, structures, and other
landscape features.
Trimming around trees, fences, poles, walls, irrigation valve boxes and
other similar objects is to be accomplished to match the height and
appearance of surrounding mowed turf growth. Trimming shall be performed
on the same day the turf's mowed. Care shall be exercised to avoid
"Girdling" trees located in turf areas. The use of protective tree collars
on trees in turf areas may be utilized as a temporary means to avoid injury
to tree trunks. At the end of the plant establishment period Contractor
will be responsible for removing all protective tree collars.
3.2.5 Post -Fertilizer Application
Apply turf fertilizer in a manner that promotes health, growth, vigor,
color and appearance of cultivated turf areas. The method of application,
fertilizer type and frequencies shall be determined by the laboratory soil
analysis results the requirements of the particular turf species. Organic
fertilizer shall be used. In the event that organic fertilizer is not
producing the desired effect, the Contractor shall contract the Contracting
Officer for approval prior to the use of a synthetic type of fertilizer.
Fertilizer shall be applied by approved methods in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations.
3.2.6 Turf Watering
The Contractor shall perform irrigation in a manner that promotes the
health, growth, color and appearance of cultivated vegetation and that
complies with all Federal, State, and local water agencies and authorities
directives. The Contractor shall be responsible to prevent over watering,
water run-off, erosion, and ponding due to excessive quantities or rate of
application. The Contractor shall abide by state, local or other water
conservation regulations or restrictions in force during the establishment
period. Irrigation controllers shall be adjusted to comply with the water
conservation regulations schedule.
3.2.7 Turf Clearance Area
Trees located in turf areas shall be maintained with a growth free
clearance of 18 inches from the tree trunk base. The use of mechanical
weed whips to accomplish the turf growth free bed area is prohibited.
3.2.8 Replanting
Replant in accordance with Section 32 92 23 SODDING and within specified
planting dates areas which do not have a satisfactory stand of turf.
Replant areas which do not have a satisfactory stand of other groundcover
and grasses.
3.2.9 Final Inspection and Acceptance
Final inspection will be make upon written request from the Contractor at
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
least 10 days prior to the last day of the turf establishment period.
Final turf acceptance will be based upon a satisfactory stand of turf.
Final acceptance of wildflower and grass areas will be based upon a stand
of 95 percent groundcover of established species.
3.2.10 Unsatisfactory Work
When work is found to not meet design intent and specifications,
maintenance period will be extended at no additional cost to the Government
until work has been completed, inspected and accepted by Contracting
Officer.
3.3 EXTERIOR PLANT ESTABLISHMENT PERIOD
The exterior plant establishment period will commence on the date that
inspection by the Contracting Officer shows that the new plants furnished
under this contract have been satisfactorily installed and shall continue
for a period of 365 days.
3.3.1 Frequency of Maintenance
Begin maintenance immediately after plants have been installed. Inspect
exterior plants at leastonce a week during the installation and
establishment period and perform needed maintenance promptly.
3.3.2 Promotion of Plant Growth and Vigor
Water, prune, fertilize, mulch, adjust stakes, guys and turnbuckles,
eradicate weeds and perform other operations necessary to promote plant
growth, and vigor.
3.3.3 Planter Bed Maintenance
Planter beds shall be weeded, fertilized, irrigated, kept pest free, turf
free, pruned, and mulch levels maintained. Planter beds will not be
allowed to encroach into turf areas. A definite break shall be maintained
between turf areas and planter beds. Fertilize exterior planting materials
to promote healthy plant growth without encouraging excessive top foliar
growth. Remove noxious weeds common to the area from planting areas by
mechanical means.
3.3.3.1 Shrub Selective Maintenance
In addition to the above requirements, shrubs shall be selectively pruned,
and shaped for health and safety when the following conditions exist:
Remove growth in front of windows, over entrance ways or walks, and any
growth which will obstruct vision at street intersections or of security
personnel; Remove dead, damaged or diseased branches or limbs; where shrub
growth obstructs pedestrian walkways; where shrub growth is found growing
against or over structures; where shrub growth permits concealment of
unauthorized persons. All pruning debris shall be disposed of in a proper
manner.
3.3.3.2 Tree Maintenance
Tree maintenance shall include adjustment of stakes, ties, guy supports and
turnbuckles, watering, fertilizing, pest control, mulching, pruning for
health and safety and fall leaf cleanup. Fertilize exterior trees to
promote healthy plant growth without encouraging excessive top foliar
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
growth. Stakes, ties, guy supports and turnbuckles shall be inspected and
adjusted to avoid girdling and promote natural development. All trees
within the project boundaries, regardless of caliper, shall be selectively
pruned for safety and health reasons. These include but are not limited to
removal of dead and broken branches and correction of structural defects.
Prune trees according to their natural growth characteristics leaving trees
well shaped and balanced. Pruning of all trees including palm trees shall
be accomplished by or in the presence of a certified member of the
International Society of Arboriculture and in accordance with TCIA Z133.1.
All pruning debris generated shall be disposed of in a proper manner.
3.3.4 Removal of Dying or Dead Plants
Remove dead and dying plants and provide new plants immediately upon
commencement of the specified planting season, and replace stakes, guys,
mulch and eroded earth mound water basins. No additional plant
establishment period will be required for replacement plants beyond the
original warranty period. A tree shall be considered dying or dead when
the main leader has died back, or a minimum of 20 percent of the crown has
died. A shrub or ground cover shall be considered dying or dead when a
minimum of 20 percent of the plant has died. This condition shall be
determined by scraping on a branch an area 1/16 inch square, maximum, to
determine the cause for dying plant material and shall provide
recommendations for replacement. The Contractor shall determine the cause
for dying plant material and provide recommendations for replacement.
3.3.5 Tracking of Unhealthy Plants
Note plants not in healthy growing condition, as determined by the
Contracting Officer, and as soon as seasonal conditions permit, remove and
replace with plants of the same species and sizes as originally specified.
Install replacement plantings in accordance with Section 32 93 00 EXTERIOR
PLANTS.
3.3.6 Final Inspection
Final inspection will be made upon written request from the Contractor at
least 10 days prior to the last day of the establishment period. Final
inspection will be based upon satisfactory health and growth of plants and
on the following:
3.3.6.1 Total Plants on Site
Plants have been accepted and required number of replacements have been
installed.
3.3.6.2 Mulching and Weeding
Planter beds and earth mound water basins are properly mulched and free of
weeds.
3.3.6.3 Tree Supports
Stakes guys and turnbuckles are in good condition.
3.3.6.4 Remedial Work
Remedial measures directed by the Contracting Officer to ensure plant
material survival and promote healthy growth have been completed.
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
3.3.7 Unsatisfactory Work
When work is found to not meet design intent and specifications,
maintenance period will be extended at no additional cost to the Government
until work has been completed, inspected and accepted by Contracting
Officer.
3.4 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.4.1 Maintenance Inspection Report
Provide maintenance inspection report to assure that landscape maintenance
is being performed in accordance with the specifications and in the best
interest of plant growth and survivability. Site observations shall be
documented at the start of the establishment period, then quarterly
following the start, and at the end of establishment period. Results of
site observation visits shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer
within 7 calendar days of each site observation visit.
3.4.2 Plant Quantities
The Contractor shall provide Contracting Officer with the number of plant
quantities. In addition, provide total exterior area of hardscape and
landscaping such as turf and total number of shrubs.
3.4.3 Tree Staking and Guying Removal
The Contractor shall provide a certified letter that all stakes and guys
are removed from all project trees at the end of the establishment period.
-- End of Section --
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, USOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
SECTION 32 92 23
SODDING
04/06
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the
basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM D 4972 (2001; R 2007) pH of Soils
TURFGRASS PRODUCERS INTERNATIONAL (TPI)
TPI GSS (1995) Guideline Specifications to
Turfgrass Sodding
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA)
DOA SSIR 42 (1996) Soil Survey Investigation Report
No. 42, Soil Survey Laboratory Methods
Manual, Version 3.0
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Stand of Turf
100 percent ground cover of the established species.
1.3 RELATED REQUIREMENTS
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK, and Section 32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT
applies to this section for pesticide use and plant establishment
requirements, with additions and modifications herein.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD -03 Product Data
Fertilizer
Include physical characteristics, and recommendations.
SD -06 Test Reports
Topsoil composition tests (reports and recommendations).
SECTION 32 92 23 Page 1

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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
SD -07 Certificates
Sod farm certification for sods. Indicate type of sod in
accordance with TPI GSS.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery
1.5.1.1 Sod Protection
Protect from drying out and from contamination during delivery, on-site
storage, and handling.
1.5.2 Storage
1.5.2.1 Sod Storage
Lightly sprinkle with water, cover with moist burlap, straw, or other
approved covering; and protect from exposure to wind and direct sunlight
until planted. Provide covering that will allow air to circulate so that
internal heat will not develop. Do not store sod longer than 24 hours. Do
not store directly on concrete or bituminous surfaces.
1.5.2.2 Topsoil
Prior to stockpiling topsoil, treat growing vegetation with application of
appropriate specified non-selective herbicide. Clear and grub existing
vegetation three to four weeks prior to stockpiling topsoil.
1.5.2.3 Handling
Do not drop or dump materials from vehicles.
1.6 TIME RESTRICTIONS AND PLANTING CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Restrictions
Do not plant when the ground is frozen, snow covered, muddy, or when air
temperature exceeds 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
1.7 TIME LIMITATIONS
1.7.1 Sod
Place sod a maximum of thirty six hours after initial harvesting, in
accordance with TPI GSS as modified herein.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 SODS
2.1.1 Classification
Nursery grown, certified as classified in the TPI GSS. Machine cut sod at
a uniform thickness of 3/4 inch within a tolerance of 1/4 inch, excluding
top growth and thatch. Each individual sod piece shall be strong enough to
support its own weight when lifted by the ends. Broken pads, irregularly
shaped pieces, and torn or uneven ends will be rejected.Wood pegs and wire
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
staples for anchorage shall be as recommended by sod supplier.
2.1.2 Purity
Sod species shall be genetically pure, free of weeds, pests, and disease.
2.1.3 Planting Dates
Lay sod from March 1 to August 31 for warm season spring planting
2.1.4 Composition
2.1.4.1 Proportion
Proportion grass species as follows.
Botanical Name
Cynodon dactylon
2.2 TOPSOIL
2.2.1 On -Site Topsoil
Common Name Percent:
Tif419 Bermuda Grass 100
Surface soil stripped and stockpiled on site and modified as necessary to
meet the requirements specified for topsoil in paragraph entitled
"Composition." When available topsoil shall be existing surface soil
stripped and stockpiled on-site in accordance with Section 31 00 00
EARTHWORK.
2.2.2 Off -Site Topsoil
Conform to requirements specified in paragraph entitled "Composition."
Additional topsoil shall be furnished by the Contractor.
2.2.3 Composition
Containing from 5 to 10 percent organic matter as determined by the topsoil
composition tests of the Organic Carbon, 6A, Chemical Analysis Method
described in DOA SSIR 42. Maximum particle size, 3/4 inch, with maximum 3
percent retained on 1/4 inch screen. The pH shall be tested in accordance
with ASTM D 4972. Topsoil shall be free of sticks, stones, roots, and
other debris and objectionable materials. Other components shall conform
to the following limits:
Silt
Clay
Sand
pH
Soluble Salts
2.3 FERTILIZER
25-50 percent
10-30 percent
20-35 percent
5.5 to 7.0
600 ppm maximum
2.3.1 Granular Fertilizer
See Section 32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT for fertilizer specifications.
2.4 WATER
Source of water shall be approved by Contracting Officer and of suitable
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
quality for irrigation containing no element toxic to plant life.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 PREPARATION
3.1.1 Extent Of Work
Provide soil preparation (including soil conditioners), fertilizing, and
sodding of all newly graded finished earth surfaces, unless indicated
otherwise, and at all areas inside or outside the limits of construction
that are disturbed by the Contractor's operations.
3.1.2 Soil Preparation
Provide 4 inches of topsoil to meet indicated finish grade. After areas
have been brought to indicated finish grade, incorporate fertilizer into
soil a minimum depth of 4 inches by disking, harrowing, tilling or other
method approved by the Contracting Officer. Remove debris and stones larger
than 3/4 inch in any dimension remaining on the surface after finish
grading. Correct irregularities in finish surfaces to eliminate
depressions. Protect finished topsoil areas from damage by vehicular or
pedestrian traffic.
3.1.2.1 Fertilizer Application Rates
See Section 32 05 33 LANDSCAPE ESTABLISHMENT for fertilizer application rates
and specifications.
3.2 SODDING
3.2.1 Finished Grade and Topsoil
Prior to the commencement of the sodding operation, the Contractor shall
verify that finished grades are as indicated on drawings; the placing of
topsoil, smooth grading, and compaction requirements have been completed in
accordance with Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK.
The prepared surface shall be a maximum 1 inch below the adjoining grade of
any surfaced area. New surfaces shall be blended to existing areas. The
prepared surface shall be completed with a light raking to remove from the
surface debris and stones over a minimum 5/8 inch in any dimension.
3.2.2 Placing
Place sod a maximum of 36 hours after initial harvesting, in accordance
with TPI GSS as modified herein.
3.2.3 Sodding Slopes and Ditches
For slopes 2:1 and greater, lay sod with long edge perpendicular to the
contour. For V -ditches and flat bottomed ditches, lay sod with long edge
perpendicular to flow of water. Anchor each piece of sod with wood pegs or
wire staples maximum 2 feet on center. On slope areas, start sodding at
bottom of the slope.
3.2.4 Finishing
After completing sodding, blend edges of sodded area smoothly into
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surrounding area. Air pockets shall be eliminated and a true and even
surface shall be provided. Frayed edges shall be trimmed and holes and
missing corners shall be patched with sod.
3.2.5 Rolling
Immediately after sodding, firm entire area except for slopes in excess of
3 to 1 with a roller not exceeding 90 pounds for each foot of roller width.
3.2.6 Watering
Start watering areas sodded as required by daily temperature and wind
conditions. Apply water at a rate sufficient to ensure thorough wetting of
soil to minimum depth of 4 inches. Run-off, puddling, and wilting shall be
prevented. Unless otherwise directed, watering trucks shall not be driven
over turf areas. Watering of other adjacent areas or plant material shall
be prevented.
3.3 PROTECTION OF TURF AREAS
Immediately after turfing, protect area against traffic and other use.
3.4 RESTORATION
Restore to original condition existing turf areas which have been damaged
during turf installation operations. Keep clean at all times at least one
paved pedestrian access route and one paved vehicular access route to each
building. Clean other paving when work in adjacent areas is complete.
-- End of Section --
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PN 87604, SOF Truck Inspection Point, JSOC, NC TRUCKINSPECTION
SECTION 33 40 00
STORM DRAINAGE UTILITIES
02/10
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the
basic designation only.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)
ASTM A48/A48M (2003; R 2012) Standard Specification for
Gray Iron Castings
ASTM A536 (1984; R 2014) Standard Specification for
Ductile Iron Castings
ASTM B26/B26M
(2014; E 2015) Standard Specification for
Aluminum -Alloy Sand Castings
ASTM C1103
(2014) Standard Practice for Joint
Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast
Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines
ASTM C1433
(2016a) Standard Specification for Precast
Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for
Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers
ASTM C231/C231M
(2014) Standard Test Method for Air
Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Pressure Method
ASTM C270 (2014a) Standard Specification for Mortar
for Unit Masonry
ASTM C425 (2004; R 2013) Standard Specification for
Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe
and Fittings
ASTM C443 (2011) Standard Specification for Joints
for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using
Rubber Gaskets
ASTM C76 (2015) Standard Specification for
Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain,
and Sewer Pipe
ASTM 0828 (2011) Low -Pressure Air Test of Vitrified
Clay Pipe Lines
ASTM C923 (2008; R 2013; E 2016) Standard
Specification for Resilient Connectors
Between Reinforced Concrete Manhole
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TRUCKINSPECTION
Structures, Pipes and Laterals
ASTM C969 (2002; R 2009) Standard Practice for
Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe
Sewer Lines
ASTM C990 (2009; R 2014) Standard Specification for
Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes and
Precast Box Sections Using Preformed
Flexible Joint Sealants
ASTM D1056 (2014) Standard Specification for Flexible
Cellular Materials - Sponge or Expanded
Rubber
ASTM D1171 (2016) Rubber Deterioration - Surface
Ozone Cracking Outdoors or Chamber
(Triangular Specimens)
ASTM D1557 (2012; E 2015) Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000
ft-lbf/ft3) (2700 kN-m/m3)
ASTM D1751 (2004; E 2013; R 2013) Standard
Specification for Preformed Expansion
Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and
Structural Construction (Nonextruding and
Resilient Bituminous Types)
ASTM D1752 (2004a; R 2013) Standard Specification for
Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork and Recycled
PVC Expansion
ASTM D1784 (2011) Standard Specification for Rigid
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Compounds
ASTM D2167 (2015) Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D3212 (2007; R 2013) Standard Specification for
Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals
ASTM D6938 (2015) Standard Test Method for In -Place
Density and Water Content of Soil and
Soil -Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow
Depth) 11
ASTM F1417 (2011a) Standard Test Method for
Installation Acceptance of Plastic Gravity
Sewer Lines Using Low Pressure Air
ASTM F794 (2003; R 2014) Standard Specification for
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity
Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on
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Controlled Inside Diameter
1.2 SUBMITTALS
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation;
submittals not having a "G" designation are for information only. When
used, a designation following the "G" designation identifies the office
that will review the submittal for the Government. Submit the following in
accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD -03 Product Data
Placing Pipe
Submit printed copies of the manufacturer's recommendations for
installation procedures of the material being placed, prior to
installation.
SD -07 Certificates
Resin Certification
Pipeline Testing
Hydrostatic Test on Watertight Joints
Determination of Density
Frame and Cover for Gratings
1.3 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.3.1 Delivery and Storage
Materials delivered to site shall be inspected for damage, unloaded, and
stored with a minimum of handling. Materials shall not be stored directly
on the ground. The inside of pipes and fittings shall be kept free of dirt
and debris. Before, during, and after installation, plastic pipe and
fittings shall be protected from any environment that would result in
damage or deterioration to the material. Keep a copy of the manufacturer's
instructions available at the construction site at all times and follow
these instructions unless directed otherwise by the Contracting Officer.
Solvents, solvent compounds, lubricants, elastomeric gaskets, and any
similar materials required to install plastic pipe shall be stored in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and shall be discarded
if the storage period exceeds the recommended shelf life. Solvents in use
shall be discarded when the recommended pot life is exceeded.
1.3.2 Handling
Materials shall be handled in a manner that ensures delivery to the trench
in sound, undamaged condition. Pipe shall be carried to the trench, not
dragged.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PIPE FOR CULVERTS AND STORM DRAINS
Pipe for culverts and storm drains shall be of the sizes indicated and
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shall conform to the requirements specified.
2.1.1 Concrete Pipe
Manufactured in accordance with and conforming to ASTM C76. See
construction documents for class type.
2.1.2 PVC Pipe
Submit the pipe manufacturer's resin certification, indicating the cell
classification of PVC used to manufacture the pipe, prior to installation
of the pipe.
2.1.2.1 Profile PVC Pipe
Schedule 40, ASTM F794, Series 46, produced from PVC certified by the
compounder as meeting the requirements of ASTM D1784, minimum cell class
12454-B.
2.2 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
2.2.1 Precast Reinforced Concrete Box
Manufactured in accordance with and conforming to ASTM 01433.
2.3 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.3.1 Concrete
Unless otherwise specified, concrete and reinforced concrete shall conform
to the requirements for 4,000 psi concrete under Section 03 30 53
MISCELLANEOUS CAST -IN-PLACE CONCRETE. The concrete mixture shall have air
content by volume of concrete, based on measurements made immediately after
discharge from the mixer, of 5 to 7 percent when maximum size of coarse
aggregate exceeds 1-1/2 inches. Air content shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM C231/C231M. The concrete covering over steel
reinforcing shall not be less than 1 inch thick for covers and not less than
-1/2 inches thick for walls and flooring. Concrete covering deposited
directly against the ground shall have a thickness of at least 3 inches
between steel and ground. Expansion -joint filler material shall conform to
ASTM D1751, or ASTM D1752, or shall be resin -impregnated fiberboard
conforming to the physical requirements of ASTM D1752.
2.3.2 Mortar
Mortar for pipe joints, connections to other drainage structures, and brick
or block construction shall conform to ASTM C270, Type M, except that the
maximum placement time shall be 1 hour. The quantity of water in the
mixture shall be sufficient to produce a stiff workable mortar. Water
shall be clean and free of harmful acids, alkalis, and organic impurities.
The mortar shall be used within 30 minutes after the ingredients are mixed
with water. The inside of the joint shall be wiped clean and finished
smooth. The mortar head on the outside shall be protected from air and sun
with a proper covering until satisfactorily cured.
2.3.3 Frame and Cover for Gratings
Submit certification on the ability of frame and cover or gratings to carry
the imposed live load. Frame and cover for gratings shall be cast gray
iron, ASTM A48/A48M, Class 35B; cast ductile iron, ASTM A536, Grade
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65-45-12; or cast aluminum, ASTM B26/B26M, Alloy 356.OT6. Weight, shape,
size, and waterway openings for grates and curb inlets shall be as
indicated on the plans. The word "Storm Sewer" shall be stamped or cast
into covers so that it is plainly visible.
2.3.4 Joints
2.3.4.1 Flexible Watertight Joints
a. Materials: Flexible watertight joints shall be made with plastic or
rubber -type gaskets for concrete pipe and with factory -fabricated
resilient materials for clay pipe. The design of joints and the
physical requirements for preformed flexible joint sealants shall
conform to ASTM C990, and rubber -type gaskets shall conform to ASTM C443.
Factory -fabricated resilient joint materials shall conform to ASTM C425.
Gaskets shall have not more than one factory -fabricated splice, except
that two factory -fabricated splices of the rubber -type gasket are
permitted if the nominal diameter of the pipe being gasketed exceeds 54
inches.
b. Test Requirements: Watertight joints shall be tested and shall meet
test requirements of paragraph HYDROSTATIC TEST ON WATERTIGHT JOINTS.
Rubber gaskets shall comply with the oil resistant gasket requirements
of ASTM 0443. Certified copies of test results shall be delivered to
the Contracting Officer before gaskets or jointing materials are
installed. Alternate types of watertight joint may be furnished, if
specifically approved.
2.3.4.2 Flexible Watertight, Gasketed Joints
a. Gaskets: When infiltration or exfiltration is a concern for pipe
lines, the couplings may be required to have gaskets. The closed -cell
expanded rubber gaskets shall be a continuous band approximately 7
inches wide and approximately 3/8 inch thick, meeting the requirements
of ASTM D1056, Type 2 Al, and shall have a quality retention rating of
not less than 70 percent when tested for weather resistance by ozone
chamber exposure, Method B of ASTM D1171. Rubber O-ring gaskets shall
be 13/16 inch in diameter for pipe diameters of 36 inches or smaller and
7/8 inch in diameter for larger pipe having 1/2 inch deep end
corrugation. Rubber 0 -ring gaskets shall be 1-3/8 inches in diameter
for pipe having 1 inch deep end corrugations. O -rings shall meet the
requirements of ASTM 0990 or ASTM C443. Preformed flexible joint
sealants shall conform to ASTM C990, Type B.
2.4 RESILIENT CONNECTORS
Flexible, watertight connectors used for connecting pipe to manholes and
inlets shall conform to ASTM C923.
2.5 HYDROSTATIC TEST ON WATERTIGHT JOINTS
2.5.1 Concrete, Clay, PVC, PE, SRPE and PP Pipe
A hydrostatic test shall be made on the watertight joint types as
proposed. Only one sample joint of each type needs testing; however, if
the sample joint fails because of faulty design or workmanship, an
additional sample joint may be tested. During the test period, gaskets or
other jointing material shall be protected from extreme temperatures which
might adversely affect the performance of such materials. Performance
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requirements for joints in reinforced and nonreinforced concrete pipe shall
conform to ASTM C990 or ASTM C443. Test requirements for joints in clay
pipe shall conform to ASTM C425. Test requirements for joints in PVC, PE,
and PP plastic pipe shall conform to ASTM D3212.
2.6 EROSION CONTROL RIPRAP
Provide nonerodible rock not exceeding 15 inches in its greatest dimension
and choked with sufficient small rocks to provide a dense mass with a
minimum thickness of as indicated.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXCAVATION FOR PIPE CULVERTS, STORM DRAINS, AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
Excavation of trenches, and for appurtenances and backfilling for culverts
and storm drains, shall be in accordance with the applicable portions of
Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK and the requirements specified below.
3.1.1 Trenching
The width of trenches at any point below the top of the pipe shall be not
greater than the outside diameter of the pipe plus 24 inches to permit
satisfactory jointing and thorough tamping of the bedding material under
and around the pipe. Sheeting and bracing, where required, shall be placed
within the trench width as specified, without any overexcavation. Where
trench widths are exceeded, redesign with a resultant increase in cost of
stronger pipe or special installation procedures will be necessary. Cost
of this redesign and increased cost of pipe or installation shall be borne
by the Contractor without additional cost to the Government.
3.1.2 Removal of Unstable Material
Where wet or otherwise unstable soil incapable of properly supporting the
pipe, as determined by the Contracting Officer, is unexpectedly encountered
in the bottom of a trench, such material shall be removed to the depth
required and replaced to the proper grade with select granular material,
compacted as provided in paragraph BACKFILLING. When removal of unstable
material is due to the fault or neglect of the Contractor while performing
shoring and sheeting, water removal, or other specified requirements, such
removal and replacement shall be performed at no additional cost to the
Government.
3.2 BEDDING
The bedding surface for the pipe shall provide a firm foundation of uniform
density throughout the entire length of the pipe.
3.2.1 Concrete Pipe Requirements
When no bedding class is specified or detailed on the drawings, concrete
pipe shall be bedded in granular material minimum 4 inch in depth in
trenches with soil foundation. Depth of granular bedding in trenches with
rock foundation shall be 1/2 inch in depth per foot of depth of fill,
minimum depth of bedding shall be 8 inch up to maximum depth of 24 inches.
The middle third of the granular bedding shall be loosely placed. Bell
holes and depressions for joints shall be removed and formed so entire
barrel of pipe is uniformly supported. The bell hole and depressions for
the joints shall be not more than the length, depth, and width required for
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properly making the particular type of joint.
3.2.2 PVC Pipe Requirements
Refer to construction documents for requirements.
3.3 PLACING PIPE
Each pipe shall be thoroughly examined before being laid; defective or
damaged pipe shall not be used. Plastic pipe, excluding SRPE pipe shall be
protected from exposure to direct sunlight prior to laying, if necessary to
maintain adequate pipe stiffness and meet installation deflection
requirements. Pipelines shall be laid to the grades and alignment
indicated. Proper facilities shall be provided for lowering sections of
pipe into trenches. Lifting lugs in vertically elongated metal pipe shall
be placed in the same vertical plane as the major axis of the pipe. Pipe
shall not be laid in water, and pipe shall not be laid when trench
conditions or weather are unsuitable for such work. Diversion of drainage
or dewatering of trenches during construction shall be provided as
necessary. Deflection of installed flexible pipe shall not exceed the
following limits:
TYPE OF PIPE
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
DEFLECTION ( ercent)
Corrugated Steel and Aluminum Alloy
5
Concrete -Lined Corrugated Steel
3
Ductile Iron Culvert
3
Plastic (PVC, HDPE, SRPE, and PP)
5
Note post installation requirements of paragraph DEFLECTION TESTING in PART
3 of this specification for all pipe products including deflection testing
requirements for flexible pipe.
3.3.1 Concrete, Clay, PVC, Ribbed PVC, Ductile Iron and Cast -Iron Pipe
Laying shall proceed upgrade with spigot ends of bell -and -spigot pipe and
tongue ends of tongue -and -groove pipe pointing in the direction of the flow.
3.4 JOINTING
3.4.1 Concrete and Clay Pipe
3.4.1.1 Flexible Watertight Joints
Gaskets and jointing materials shall be as recommended by the particular
manufacturer in regard to use of lubricants, cements, adhesives, and other
special installation requirements. Surfaces to receive lubricants,
cements, or adhesives shall be clean and dry. Gaskets and jointing
materials shall be affixed to the pipe not more than 24 hours prior to the
installation of the pipe, and shall be protected from the sun, blowing
dust, and other deleterious agents at all times. Gaskets and jointing
materials shall be inspected before installing the pipe; any loose or
improperly affixed gaskets and jointing materials shall be removed and
replaced. The pipe shall be aligned with the previously installed pipe,
and the joint pushed home. If, while the joint is being made the gasket
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becomes visibly dislocated the pipe shall be removed and the joint remade.
3.5 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
3.5.1 Manholes and Inlets
Construction shall be of reinforced concrete, plain concrete, brick,
precast reinforced concrete, precast concrete segmental blocks; complete
with frames and covers or gratings; and with fixed galvanized steel ladders
where indicated. Pipe connections to concrete manholes and inlets shall be
made with flexible, watertight connectors.
3.5.2 Walls
Construction shall be as indicated.
3.6 BACKFILLING
3.6.1 Backfilling Pipe in Trenches
After the pipe has been properly bedded, selected material from excavation
or borrow, at a moisture content that will facilitate compaction, shall be
placed along both sides of pipe in layers not exceeding 6 inches in
compacted depth. The backfill shall be brought up evenly on both sides of
pipe for the full length of pipe. The fill shall be thoroughly compacted
under the haunches of the pipe. Each layer shall be thoroughly compacted
with mechanical tampers or rammers. This method of filling and compacting
shall continue until the fill has reached an elevation equal to the
midpoint (spring line) of RCP or has reached an elevation of at least 12
inches above the top of the pipe for flexible pipe. The remainder of the
trench shall be backfilled and compacted by spreading and rolling or
compacted by mechanical rammers or tampers in layers not exceeding 6 inches.
Tests for density shall be made as necessary to ensure conformance to the
compaction requirements specified below. Where it is necessary, in the
opinion of the Contracting Officer, that sheeting or portions of bracing
used be left in place, the contract will be adjusted accordingly.
Untreated sheeting shall not be left in place beneath structures or
pavements.
3.6.2 Backfilling Pipe in Fill Sections
For pipe placed in fill sections, backfill material and the placement and
compaction procedures shall be as specified below. The fill material shall
be uniformly spread in layers longitudinally on both sides of the pipe, not
exceeding 6 inches in compacted depth, and shall be compacted by rolling
parallel with pipe or by mechanical tamping or ramming. Prior to
commencing normal filling operations, the crown width of the fill at a
height of 12 inches above the top of the pipe shall extend a distance of
not less than twice the outside pipe diameter on each side of the pipe or
12 feet, whichever is less. After the backfill has reached at least 12
inches above the top of the pipe, the remainder of the fill shall be placed
and thoroughly compacted in layers not exceeding 8 inches. Use select
granular material for this entire region of backfill for flexible pipe
installations.
3.6.3 Movement of Construction Machinery
When compacting by rolling or operating heavy equipment parallel with the
pipe, displacement of or injury to the pipe shall be avoided. Movement of
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construction machinery over a culvert or storm drain at any stage of
construction shall be at the Contractor's risk. Any damaged pipe shall be
repaired or replaced.
3.6.4 Compaction
3.6.4.1 General Requirements
Cohesionless materials include gravels, gravel -sand mixtures, sands, and
gravelly sands. Cohesive materials include clayey and silty gravels,
gravel -silt mixtures, clayey and silty sands, sand -clay mixtures, clays,
silts, and very fine sands. When results of compaction tests for
moisture -density relations are recorded on graphs, cohesionless soils will
show straight lines or reverse -shaped moisture -density curves, and cohesive
soils will show normal moisture -density curves.
3.6.4.2 Minimum Density
Backfill over and around the pipe and backfill around and adjacent to
drainage structures shall be compacted at the approved moisture content to
the following applicable minimum density, which will be determined as
specified below.
a. Under airfield and heliport pavements, paved roads, streets, parking
areas, and similar -use pavements including adjacent shoulder areas, the
density shall be not less than 90 percent of maximum density for
cohesive material and 95 percent of maximum density for cohesionless
material, up to the elevation where requirements for pavement subgrade
materials and compaction shall control.
b. Under unpaved or turfed traffic areas, density shall not be less than
90 percent of maximum density for cohesive material and 95 percent of
maximum density for cohesionless material.
C. Under nontraffic areas, density shall be not less than that of the
surrounding material.
3.6.5 Determination of Density
Testing is the responsibility of the Contractor and performed at no
additional cost to the Government. Testing shall be performed by an
approved commercial testing laboratory or by the Contractor subject to
approval. Tests shall be performed in sufficient number to ensure that
specified density is being obtained. Laboratory tests for moisture -density
relations shall be made in accordance with ASTM D1557 except that
mechanical tampers may be used provided the results are correlated with
those obtained with the specified hand tamper. Field density tests shall
be determined in accordance with ASTM D2167 or ASTM D6938. When ASTM D6938
is used, the calibration curves shall be checked and adjusted, if
necessary, using the sand cone method as described in paragraph Calibration
of the referenced publications. ASTM D6938 results in a wet unit weight of
soil and ASTM D6938 shall be used to determine the moisture content of the
soil. The calibration curves furnished with the moisture gauges shall be
checked along with density calibration checks as described in ASTM D6938.
Test results shall be furnished the Contracting Officer. The calibration
checks of both the density and moisture gauges shall be made at the
beginning of a job on each different type of material encountered and at
intervals as directed.
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3.7 PIPELINE TESTING
3.7.1 Leakage Tests
Lines shall be tested for leakage by low pressure air or water testing or
exfiltration tests, as appropriate. Low pressure air testing for vitrified
clay pipes shall conform to ASTM C828. Low pressure air testing for
concrete pipes shall conform to ASTM C969. Low pressure air testing for
plastic pipe shall conform to ASTM F1417. Low pressure air testing
procedures for other pipe materials shall use the pressures and testing
times prescribed in ASTM C828 or ASTM 0969, after consultation with the
pipe manufacturer. Testing of individual joints for leakage by low
pressure air or water shall conform to ASTM C1103. Prior to exfiltration
tests, the trench shall be backfilled up to at least the lower half of the
pipe. If required, sufficient additional backfill shall be placed to
prevent pipe movement during testing, leaving the joints uncovered to
permit inspection. Visible leaks encountered shall be corrected regardless
of leakage test results. When the water table is 2 feet or more above the
top of the pipe at the upper end of the pipeline section to be tested,
infiltration shall be measured using a suitable weir or other device
acceptable to the Contracting Officer. An exfiltration test shall be made
by filling the line to be tested with water so that a head of at least 2
feet is provided above both the water table and the top of the pipe at the
upper end of the pipeline to be tested. The filled line shall be allowed
to stand until the pipe has reached its maximum absorption, but not less
than 4 hours. After absorption, the head shall be reestablished. The
amount of water required to maintain this water level during a 2 -hour test
period shall be measured. Leakage as measured by the exfiltration test
shall not exceed 0.2 gallons per inch in diameter per 100 feet of pipeline
per hour. When leakage exceeds the maximum amount specified, satisfactory
correction shall be made and retesting accomplished.
3.7.2 Post -Installation Inspection
Check each reinforced concrete pipe installation for joint separations,
soil migration through the joint, cracks greater than 0.01 inches,
settlement and alignment. Check each flexible pipe (HDPE, PVC, CMP, PP)
for rips, tears, joint separations, soil migration through the joint,
cracks, localized bucking, bulges, settlement and alignment.
a. Replace pipes having cracks greater than 0.1 inches in width or
deflection greater than 5 percent deflection. An engineer shall
evaluate all pipes with cracks greater than 0.01 inches but less than
0.10 inches to determine if any remediation or repair is required. RCP
with crack width less than 0.10 inches and located in a non -corrosive
environment (pH 5.5) are generally acceptable. Repair or replace any
pipe with crack exhibiting displacement across the crack, exhibiting
bulges, creases, tears, spalls, or delamination.
b. Reports: The deflection results and final post installation inspection
report shall include: a copy of all video taken, pipe location
identification, equipment used for inspection, inspector name,
deviation from design, grade, deviation from line, deflection and
deformation of flexible pipe systems, inspector notes, condition of
joints, condition of pipe wall (e.g. distress, cracking, wall damage
dents, bulges, creases, tears, holes, etc.).
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3.8 FIELD PAINTING
After installation, clean cast-iron frames, covers, gratings, and steps not
buried in masonry or concrete to bare metal of mortar, rust, grease, dirt,
and other deleterious materials and apply a coat of bituminous paint. Do
not paint surfaces subject to abrasion.
-- End of Section --
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