19960975 Ver 1_Complete File_20050318 (2)

DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
[phone] • Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
17 March 2005
Mr. John Dorney
N.C. Division of Water Quality
401 Wetlands Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Blvd., Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
DWQ Project No. 960975
Action ID. No. 199202002
Dear Mr. Dorney:

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Enclosed is the annual report for the Columbus County Airport Wetland Mitigation site in
Columbus County. The monitoring in 2004 was the 5th year for the site. We have achieved success for
the vegetation, soils and hydrology during normal rainfall years. All of the monitoring wells (100%)
within the mitigation area have hydrographs similar to the reference area and meet the wetland
hydrology criteria. In general over the past 5 years of groundwater monitoring, an average of 4 out of
5 wells have met the wetland hydrology criteria despite prolonged drought conditions between 1999
and 2002.
We would like to schedule a site visit with you to look at the site and determine whether the
site is a success or if we need to continue monitoring the site. It would be best to schedule the site visit
in May or June after the vegetation has greened-up. Please let me know when you or one of your staff
would be available for a site visit. Thank you for your time.
Sincerely,
TraY R'6sh
Senior Biologist
CC: Mr. Tom Ferrell - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Endangered Species Surveys 9 Environmental Assessments • Land Management 9 Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
2004 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
N.C. Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Action ID # 199202002
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2005
Prepared By:
DENR' wArl?R
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter I't sroR, ,Ai?R/>y
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc. e
Environmental Consultants
515F Midland Road
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28387
Submitted 17 March 2005 r r ??
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N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
and
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
2004 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport has been restoring wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
2004.
Mitigation and monitoring activities at the airport in 2004 consisted of water control,
groundwater monitoring and monitoring of vegetation plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
clear zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of the runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Acer rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). It is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation including

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Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
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sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle, inkberry, blueberries
(Vaccinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus)
and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has adversely impacted the
hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area appears to have been
impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils on the proposed
mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy loams, both are hydric soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea foetida), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed
(Mikania scandens) and joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium dubium).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus).
Dominant shrub species include inkberry and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
2004 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
The water level within the mitigation area remained constant throughout the year with
little or no water passing through the water control structure. No changes were made to the
water control structure with 2 boards remaining in place throughout the year. No repairs to the
water control structure were necessary in 2004.
In December 2004, for airport safety reasons and per FAA regulations, all areas within
600 feet of the runway were mowed, including the reference area and the mitigation area (Figure
3). All vegetation was mowed to approximately 1 foot in height using large, rubber tired brush
4
mowers. Prior to mowing, both the mitigation and reference areas were being invaded by weedy
successional species such as red maple, sweet gum and tulip poplar, and species diversity had
dropped significantly since the initiation of monitoring in 1999. Mowing, which simulates a
natural fire regime, has opened up the site and will promote a wider diversity of native
herbaceous species and low shrubs.
2004 MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
The 9 monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells are located in
the reference wetland, 5 wells are located in the mitigation area and 1 well was installed in an
adjacent upland (Figure 2). The electronic monitoring wells were programmed to record water
levels every 12 hours and are downloaded every 3-4 months.
Groundwater elevations for the period 1 January through 31 December 2004 are
displayed graphically in Appendices A-C. The goal was to create wetland hydrology within the
mitigation area (82, 83 and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the
areas are inundated or saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5 percent (%) of
the growing season (30 consecutive days in most years). The growing season for Columbus
County runs from mid-March to mid-November (240 days). In addition, groundwater in the
mitigation area must be within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the
hydrograph for both areas have a similar shape.
The 78, 79 and 80 foot wells in the reference area met the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 78 foot well had standing water throughout most of the year (Appendix A.1). The 79 foot
well had water within 12 inches of the surface or standing water for more than 50% of the
growing season (Appendix A.2). The 80 foot well in the reference area malfunctioned between
May and October and the data could not be recovered (Appendix A.3). Based on previous years'
data, it is likely that groundwater at this location also occurred within 1 foot of the surface during
a majority of the growing season.
The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water during most of the year, except during dry periods in
Figure 3. Photographs of the Reference Area (top) and Mitigation Area (bottom) during October
vegetation monitoring, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
May/June and October/November (Appendix B.1). In the mitigation area, the 83 foot (west) and
84 foot (west) well sites had standing water during most of the year (Appendix B.2 and B.4
respectively).
The 83 foot (east) well had water within 1 foot of the surface for 30 consecutive days
from late August to the end of September and so met the wetland hydrology criteria (Appendix
B.3). The 84 foot (east) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface on and off during
March and April. This well malfunctioned between August and October and the data could not
be recovered (Appendix B.5). Based on rainfall data, the period between August and October
was wet and it is likely that the groundwater level fluctuated near the surface during this period.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
year. The water level at this location was within 1 foot of the surface only 1 or 2 days after
major rainfall events over the entire year (Appendix C.1).
The decrease in groundwater elevations in 2004, as compared with 2003, can be
attributed to below normal rainfall in 2004. Average rainfall for Columbus County is
approximately 49.83 inches (USDA 1990). Rainfall amounts recorded in Whiteville (State
Climate Office of North Carolina 2005) totaled 42.95 inches for the year, approximately 7 inches
below normal.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried on 11 October 2004. Two plots are located
in the reference wetland, 5 plots (1 at each monitoring well) are located in the restoration area
and 1 plot is located in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots measure 10 by 10 meters
and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of the reference area. There are 2
wells within one of the vegetation plots in the reference area because of the sharp change in
elevation in this area. The vegetation in each plot was characterized by species, prevalence and
percent cover (see Appendices D-F for complete lists).
Plot R-1 in the reference area was dominated by possum-haw viburnum, plume grass,
horned beakrush (Rhynchospora inundata) and coral greenbrier (Smilax walteri) (Table 1). Plot
R-2 was dominated by slender spikegrass, bushy bluestem, inkberry and slender fragrant
goldenrod (Euthamia minor) (Table 1), with trace amounts of a variety of herbs, grasses and low
Table 1. Dominant vegetation* in the Reference Monitoring Plots, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
78 feet 79.5 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot R-1
% Cover Plot R-2
% Cover
Andro o on lomeratus bushy bluestem FACW+ -- 10-25%
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike ass FACW- -- 25-50%
Erianthus i anteus plume ass FACW 2-5% <1%
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod FAC <1% 5-10%
Ilex glabra inkberry FACW -- 10-25%
Rh nchos ora inundata horned beakrush OBL 2-5% --
Smilax walteri coral eenbrier OBL 10-25% --
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum FACW+ 25-50% <1%
* See Appendix D for a complete species list.
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shrubs (Appendix D). All of the dominant species located within the reference area are wetland
indicator species.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by tag
alder, black willow, red maple, soft rush, swamp smartweed (Polygonum hydropiperoides),
tearthumb (Polygonum sagittatum) and elderberry (Sambucus canadensis). All of the dominant
species located in Plot #1 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry, with lesser amounts of titi, sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea),
fetterbush (Lyonia lucida), cinnamon fern and hairy thoroughwort (Eupatorium pilosum) (Table
2). Plot #5 was dominated by tearthumb and warty panic grass (Panicum verrucosum), with
lesser amounts of red maple, elderberry and possum-haw viburnum. All of the dominant species
located in Plots #2 and #5 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry,
with scattered titi and fetterbush (Table 2). Plot #6 was dominated by titi, with lesser amounts of
red maple, tag alder, sweet gallberry, soft rush, tulip poplar, swamp smartweed, laurel-leaf
greenbrier and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (Table 2). All of the dominant
species located in Plots #3 and #6 are hydrophytic species.
Plot #4, the upland plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant species within the
plot included serviceberry (Amelanchier spicata), inkberry and fetterbush, with lesser amounts of
bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), sweet gallberry, sweet
pepperbush, sweet gum and southern red oak (Quercus falcata) (Table 3).
Soil samples were taken near the center of each vegetation monitoring plot (Table 4).
Both reference area soil samples had saturated hydric soil. In the mitigation area, all plots had
saturated (within 1 foot of the surface), low-chroma soils. The upland vegetation plot (#4) had
dark (salt and pepper), but dry sandy loam.
2004 SUMMARY
Water level data was downloaded from the 9 monitoring wells every 3-4 months
throughout the year. All of the monitoring wells (100%) within the mitigation area have
hydrographs similar to the reference area and meet the wetland hydrology criteria.
10
Table 3. Dominant vegetation* in the Upland Monitoring Plot, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
85 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot #4
% Cover
Amelachier s icata serviceberry FACU 10-25%
Clethra alni olia sweet e erbush FACW 5-10%
Ilex coriacea sweet gallberry FACW 5-10%
Ilex labra inkberry FACW 10-25
Liquidambar styraciflua sweet gum FAC+ 5-10%
Lyonia lucida fetterbush FACW 10-25%
N ssa s lvatica blackgum FAC 5-10%
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern FACU 5-10%
Quercus alcata southern red oak FAC+ 5-10%
* See Appendix F for a complete species list.
11

Table 4. Soil sample data for 2004, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North
Carolina.
PLOT DEPTH CHROMA/VALUE COMMENTS

Reference Plot #1 0-18" 1OYR 4/1 saturated to surface,
oxidized root channels
18"+ 1OYR 6/1 mucky, silty, clay loam
Reference Plot #2 0-8" 1OYR 2/1 saturated sandy loam,
oxidized root channels
8-12" 1OYR 6/4 oxidized root channels,
organic streaking, IOYR 6/6 mottles
Plot #1 0-12" 10YR 3/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface,
oxidized root channels
Plot #2 0-6" l OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
10-12" 10YR 3/2 saturated sandy loam
Plot#3 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
6-12+" 1OYR 2/2 oxidized root channels
Plot #5 0-10" 1OYR 3/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface,
oxidized root channels
10"+ IOYR 4/1 sandy loam
Plot #6 0-8" l OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
8-12+" 1OYR 5/2 sandy loam, oxidized root channels
Plot #4 (upland) 0-12" l OYR 2/1 sandy loam (salt and pepper), dry
12
The 8 vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried and species cover and presence data
were collected at each. Prior to June 2003, there had been an increase in shrub and tree species
coverage and a decrease in herbaceous species coverage within the mitigation and reference
areas. Both of these areas were mowed in June 2003 and December 2004 resulting in a more
desirable, scrub-shrub wetland with a general increase in herbaceous species diversity. The
reference area and mitigation area are both dominated by hydrophytic species and hydric soils.
OVERALL SUMMARY
The monitoring in 2004 was the 5th year for the site. We have achieved success for the
vegetation, soils and hydrology during normal rainfall years.
In 1999, ditches draining the restoration area were filled from adjacent spoil banks and
the original topography was restored to the extent possible (Figure 2). The large drainage ditch
paralleling the southern edge of the runway was diverted into the existing wetland and a
sediment trap was placed just above the entrance point to the wetland. A low earthen berm was
constructed just south of the point where the existing wetland drains under the runway (Figure
2). The berm was built to the 84 foot contour and an outflow device was installed to regulate
water levels. The purpose of this berm is to impede the flow of water out of the existing wetland
and restoration area.
In general, over the past 5 years of groundwater monitoring, an average of 4 out of 5
monitoring wells have met the wetland hydrology criteria despite prolonged drought conditions
between 1999 and 2002. In addition, the mitigation area is dominated by hydrophytic species
and saturated (within 1 foot of the surface), low-chroma soils.
Wetland hydrology has been successfully restored on approximately 8 acres as mitigation
for the loss of 4.76 acres of jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In
addition, wetlands hydrology was enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. The restored
wetland area is similar to the wetlands which were impacted during construction of the runway
extension. The restored wetlands are actually wetter than those impacted since the impacted
wetlands had been ditched.
13
REFERENCES
State Climate Office of North Carolina. 2005. 2004 Rainfall data for Whiteville, North
Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Soil survey of Columbus County, North
Carolina. 138 pp.
14
APPENDIX A:
REFERENCE AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA
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UPLAND AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA
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VEGETATION PLOTS R-1 and R-2
WETLAND REFERENCE AREA
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-1 ELEVATION: 78 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acerrubrum red maple x FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Carex /aucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
C erus has an sheathed flatsed e x OBL
C erus stri osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass 2-5% FACW
Eu atorium dubium oe- a-weed x FAC+
Euthamia minor slender fra rant goldenrod x FAC
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Ludes is landulosa cylindric-fruit seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hair seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
_
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass x OBL
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Rh nchos ora inundata horned beakrush 2-5% OBL
Rh nchos ora macrostach a tall beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax s p. catbrier 10-25% ---
Solids o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 25-50% FACW+
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern X OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present,but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red ma le X FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceberr X FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush broomsed e 10-25% FACW+
Aroma arbutifolia red chokeberr X FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane X FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster X FAC
Calama rostis cinnoides Nuttall's small-reed grass X OBL
Carex /aucescens southern wax sedge X OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 25-50% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush X FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa Ion -tubercule s ikerush X FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume rass X FACW
Eupatorium dubium oe- a-weed X FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort X FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort X FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod 5-10% FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine X FAC
Helianthus an ustifolius swam sunflower X FAC+
Ilex labra inkber 10-25% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um 2-5% FAC+
L onia li ustrina maleber X FACW
L onia lucida fetterbush X FACW
M rica cerifera wax myrtle X FAC+
M rica he(ero h lla evergreen bayberry X FACW
N ssa bitlora swam black um X OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern X FACW+
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass X FAC
-
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass X OBL
Panicum verrucosum warty anic grass X FACW
-
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper X FAC
Pinus s p. pine X ---
Pol ala lutes - orange milkwort X FACW+
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern X FACU
Quercus ni ra water oak X FAC
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beauty X FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac X NI
-
Rh nchos ora ce ahalantha clustered beakrush X OBL
Table Continued on next page
*See next page
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax launfolta laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia common reenbrier x FAC
Solids o fistulosa - pine barren goldenrod 2-5% FAC+
Solids o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod 2-5% FAC
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horsesu ar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium cor mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover
APPENDIX E:
VEGETATION PLOTS #1, #2, #3, #5 and #6
WETLAND MITIGATION AREA
or
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 1 ELEVATION: 82 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 5-10% FACW+
Boehmeria c lindrica false nettle x FACW+
C erus odoratus rust flatsed e x FACW
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium dubium oe- a-weed x FAC+
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x OBL
Juncus effusus soft rush 10-25% FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Ludwi is ilosa hair seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is re ens creeping seedbox x OBL
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
N ssa Mora swam black um x OBL
Pluchea foetida - camphor-weed x OBL
Pol ovum h dro i eroides swam smartweed 5-10% OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb 5-10% OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow 10-25% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 2-5% FACW-
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover
r Q,
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 2 ELEVATION: 83 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier obova/is serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush broomsed e x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rills racemiflora titi 5-10% FACW
Eu atorium dubium 'oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort 5-10% FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens ellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 5-10% FACW
Ilex labra inkberr 50-75% FACW
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Ludwi is pilosa hair seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 5-10% FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern 2-5% FACW+
Panicum verrucosum - warty anic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pluchea foetida - camphor-weed x OBL
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
Rh nchos ors racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora inex ansa noddin beakrush x FACW
Rh nchos ora microce hala ca itate beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax lauca reenbrier x FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium cor mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern X OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover

COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 3 ELEVATION: 84 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush broomsed e 5-10% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
C/ethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 10-25% FACW
Eu atorium leucole is white-bract thorou hwort x FACW+
Eupatorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens ellow'essamine x FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross x ---
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
flex labra inkberr 25-50% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica cerifere bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla ever reen ba berr x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhexia etiolata ciliate meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
-
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus sp. blackberry x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Sphagnum s p. s ha num moss x ---
Vaccinium coy mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover
L I1 y
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 5 ELEVATION: 83 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acerrubrum red maple 2-5% FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C erus odoratus rust flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus lume rass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium dubium oe- a-weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Juncus canadensis Canada rush x OBL
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hair seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is re ens creeping seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
-
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum scabriusculum wool/ panic grass x OBL
Panicum verrucosum warty anic grass 10-25% FACW
-
Pluchea foetida - stinking cam hor-weed x FACW
Pol onum h dropi eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb 25-50% OBL
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
-
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow x OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
_
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium cor mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 2-5% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica vir inia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover
at ''
COLUMBUS CO. APT
PLOT NUMBER: 6 ELEVATION: 84 feet 10/11/04 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 5-10% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberr x FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge X OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 10-25% FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle beakrush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eupatorium compositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium dubium .oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium erfoliatum common boneset x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eupatorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allberr 2-5% FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Juncus effusus soft rush 2-5% FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar 2-5% FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is repens creeping seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
Magnolia vir iniana sweetba x FACW+
Mikania scandens - climbing hem weed x FACW+
M rica cerifera bayberry X FAC+
Osmunda cinnamomea er n X FACW+
Osmunda regalis E X OBL
Panicum dichotomum ch rass X FAC
Panicum sco arium grass x FACW
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Pol onum h dro iperoides swam smartweed 5-10% OBL
Pol onum sa ittatum tearthumb x OBL
Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rh nchos ora ce halanta clustered beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Sambucus canadensis _ elderberry x FACW-
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier 2-5% FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia reenbrier x FAC
Sphagnum s p. - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium coo mbosum hi hbush blueberry 2-5% FACW
Woodwardia areo/ata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern x OBL
4 ' ? ..
APPENDIX F:
UPLAND VEGETATION PLOT #4
W . 1 4.
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 4 ELEVATION: 85 feet 10/11/04 Wetiand
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier s icata serviceber 10-25% FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush broomsed e x FACW+
Andro 0 on vir inicus broomsed e x FAC-
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberr x FACW
Ca rya s p. hickory x ---
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi x FACW
Dios ros vir iniana persimmon x FAC
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia tenuifolia slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Gelsemium sempervirens ellow'essamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 5-10% FACW
Ilex /abra inkberr 10-25% FACW
Leucothoe racemosa do hobble x FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um 5-10% FAC+
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-259%. FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa s Ivatica black um 5-10% FAC
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum verrucosum warty anic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern 5-10% FACU
Quercus falcata southern red oak 5-10% FAC+
Quercus ni ra water oak X FAC
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina - winged sumac x NI
Sassafras albidum sassafras x FACU
Smilax lauca catbrier x FAC
S m locos tinctoria horsesu ar x FAC
Vaccinium cor mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vaccinium tenellum ale-leaf blueberry x FACU-
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X = present, but less than 5% cover

WATER
pG
r
Qir a
._-
July 13, 2005
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III and Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, NC 28388
l 0-7 V I Gj-c6-uueo
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
Re: Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, NC (DWQ #96-0975)
Dear Ms. Rush:
DWQ appreciates you taking the time to meet with Ian McMillan of our office and Tom Farrell of the Army Corps
of Engineers on June 17, 2005. This site visit was conducted to determine the success of the site as a mitigation
project. The vegetation, hydrology and soils all exhibited wetland characteristics and met the established mitigation
success criteria. DWQ feels the mitigation project is successful and'rnonitoring may cease on this site.
The approved mitigation plan (Wetlands Mitigation Plan for Columbus, County Airport, Revised 23 February 1999)
states that, "A Conservation Easement will be established for the mitigation area stating that the wetlands in this area
were created to satisfy compensatory mitigation requirements and no development is allowed in this area (easement
to be recorded within 60 days of the site being deemed successful)". Please notify our office in writing when the
conservation easement has been established.
DWQ appreciates the timeliness of your yearly monitoring reports and your commitment to establishing a successful
wetland site. If you have any questions or need further assistance please do not hesitate to contact Amanda Mueller
of our office at [phone].
Cc:
Noelle Lutheran, DWQ Wilmington Region,
Tom Farrell, USACOE Wilmington District
Central Files
File Copy
401 OversighUExpress Review Permits Unit
1650 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699.1650
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604
Phone: [phone]/ FAX [phone]/ Internet: htt?://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands
oarolina
Ne C
Ntura!!y
An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer - 50% Recycled/10% Post Consumer Paper
Field report for ?d County Airport Wetlands Mitigation Site
06/17/05
• On the morning of June 17th, 2005, Ian McMillan of DWQ and Tom Farrell of the
USACOE were accompanied by Ms. Tracy Rush of J.H. Carter & Associates, Inc.
eo3urk d us
to assess the eAernd County Airport wetlands mitigation site. The site is
located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State Road 1181, in Cumberland
County, North Carolina.
• The mitigation site is comprised of approximately 8 acres of restored wetlands,
and 2.34 acres of enhanced wetlands, to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during the construction of a runway extension. According
to the submitted mitigation plan, the mitigation site would be deemed successful
when the hydrology has been enhanced or restored on sufficient acres to mitigate
for lost water quality values. The hydrology success criteria will be when the
groundwater in the mitigation area is within +/- one inch of the reference wetland
provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar shape.
• On-site vegetation was dominated by black willow (Salix nigra), sweetgum
(Liquidambar styracflua), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), tag alder (Alnus serrulata),
flowering dogwood (Corpus florida), red maple (Acer rubrum), sweet pepperbush
(Clethra alnifloia), Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), Royal fern
(Osmunda regalis), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica.), cinnamon fern (Quercus
marilandica) (Osmunda cinnamonea), and various grasses, rushes and sedges.
• The mitigation sites exhibited hydrology that met mitigation criteria.
• Mitigation site soils are dark gray, Rains loamy sand (10YR 3/1) and dark gray,
Grifton sandy loam (10YR 4/1), both classified as hydric soils. Soil samples
analyzed from several auger plugs revealed hydric characteristics.
• Groundwater at Mitigation Site appears to move south-southeast to north-
northwest across the site.
• A Conservation Easement will established for the mitigation area stating that the
wetlands in this area were created to satisfy compensatory mitigation
requirements and no development is allowed in this area (easement to be recorded
within 60 days of the site being deemed successful).
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WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN
FOR
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
Prepared By:
Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 10 October 1997
Revised 16 September 1998
Revised 23 February 1999
Hobbs, Upchurch & Associates, P.A.
Consulting Engineers
P.O. Box 1737
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
00ey
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN
FOR
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
INTRODUCTION
Recent and proposed improvements at the Columbus County Airport caused or will cause
unavoidable permanent modification of 4.76 acres of jurisdictional wetlands. This plan was
prepared pursuant to requirements in Army Corps of Engineers Permit No. 26 (Action ID No.
199202002) and North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975).
When fully implemented this plan will mitigate for lost wetland functions caused by airport
improvements.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. A parallel taxiway is
proposed. Most of the unpaved airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low
brushy thickets. Vegetation is kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal
Aviation Administration clear zone regulations.
MITIGATION PLAN
Columbus County Airport will attempt to restore wetland hydrology to approximately 8.6
acres of former wetlands in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of jurisdictional wetlands
(Figure 2). The filled wetlands consisted of herbaceous and shrub wetlands dominated by
species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer rubrum), swamp
blackgum (Nyssa biflora), bitter gallberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera), titi
(Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea),
netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora spp.) and soft rush (Juncus
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effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and had varying degrees of
hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway. A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs there (Figure 2). Some
of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes, panic grasses
(Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex glaucescens),
honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium recurvans),
yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia tomenstosa). Another
portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra), Virginia willow (Itea
virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover of netted chain-fern,
Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis), Camphor-weed
(Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania scandens) and
Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium sp.).
The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation
including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle, bitter,
gallberry, blueberries (Vacinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifloia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas and continues to do
so. A significant area appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in
sandy sediments). We propose to restore wetland hydrology in this area on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as 8.6 acres, while enhancing wetlands hydrology on 2.34 acres of
jurisdictional wetland. Soils on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy
loams. Both series are hydric soils.
The mitigation will be accomplished as follows. Restoration work will begin during the
fall of 1998 or when the mitigation plan is approved; whichever is later.
1. Ditches currently draining the restoration area will be filled from adjacent spoil banks
(Figure 2). Original topography will be restored to the extent possible.
2. The large drainage ditch paralleling the southern edge of the runway will be diverted into the
existing wetland (Figure 2). A sediment trap will be placed just above the entrance point to
the wetland.
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3. A low earthen berm will be placed just south of the point where the existing wetland drains
under the runway (Figure 2). The berm will be built to the 84 foot contour and will have an
outflow device (Figure 3) to regulate water levels. The purpose of this berm is to impede the
flow of water out of the existing wetland and restoration area. This feature will work best
during the non-growing season.
4. Hydrophytic vegetation as described above is already established throughout the restoration
site. As a result, no plantings are proposed. If during the 5 year monitoring period the
Division of Water Quality determines that plantings are necessary, the issue will be
addressed at that time. All of the restoration area is within the airport clear zone which will
limit the establishment of trees (note: the impacted wetlands were not forested).
5. A reference wetland will be located on the property for comparative purposes and monitored
as described below (Figure 2).
6. Monitoring wells will be established in the restoration area, existing (enhanced) wetland,
reference wetland and on the adjacent upland (Figure 2). Wells in the restoration site and
reference wetland will be placed on transects at one-foot elevation changes (approximately).
Single monitoring wells will be placed in the existing (enhanced) wetland and on the adjacent
upland. At least 1 well will be at the target elevation of 84 feet. Electronic monitoring wells
will record water levels daily and be downloaded every 3-4 months. The target hydrology
will be +/- 2 inches of that in the reference wetland (for a given elevation). = ' _ l Or to lS
7. In the restoration site,,existing (enhanced) wetland, reference wetland and adjacent uplRd-,-
vegetation will be characterized by species, prevalence and percent cover each year during
the 5 year monitoring period (3.1 x 3.1 m plots located near the monitoring wells).
Vegetation monitoring will occur in late summer or fall before leaf drop. A soil sample will
be taken at the time of monitoring well installation and each year thereafter and examined for
hydric soil and wetland hydrology characteristics.
8. An annual report will be submitted to the Division of Water Quality by 31 January of each
year during the 5 year monitoring period (unless success is documented in fewer years).
Annual reports will include a plot of the groundwater elevations. An as-built report will be
submitted to DWQ after the restoration site is prepared.
9. The mitigation project will be considered successful when wetlands hydrology has been
enhanced or restored on sufficient acres to mitigate for lost water quality values. The
hydrology success criteria will be when the groundwater in the mitigation area is within +/-
one inch of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar
shape.
10. A Conservation Easement will be established for the mitigation area stating that the wetlands
in this area were created to satisfy compensatory mitigation requirements and no
development is allowed in this area (easement to be recorded within 60 days of the site being
deemed successful).
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Re: Columbus County Airport Monitoring report
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Name: Wetlands Mitigation Plan.doc
> Wetlands Mitigation Plan.doc Type: Winword File (application/msword)
> Encoding: base64
2 of 2 2/27/04 11:55 AM
Re: Columbus County Airport Monitoring report
Subject: Re: Columbus County Airport Monitoring report
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2004 11:54:55 -0500
From: Amanda Mueller <[e-mail]>
Organization: NC DENR DWQ
To: trush <[e-mail]>
CC: John Dorney <[e-mail]>
Thanks Tracy:
I had a feeling that the vegetation criteria read along those lines. Given that
is the case, I think the situation is looking fairly good for the site (on paper
anyway). I am sure we will eventually want to take a look before we make our
final decision on the site.
Thanks for your help,
Amanda
trush wrote:
> Amanda.
> This is the only paragraph in the mitigation plan concerning vegetation:
> 1. Hydrophytic vegetation as described above is already established
> throughout the restoration site. As a result, no plantings are proposed.
> If during the 5 year monitoring period the Division of Water Quality
> determines that plantings are necessary, the issue will be addressed at that
> time. All of the restoration area is within the airport clear zone which
> will limit the establishment of trees (note: the impacted wetlands were-not
> forested).
> Attached is the entire mitigation plan (very short and to the point!). Let
> me know if you have any additional questions or if you would like to meet me
> out there sometime.... we're coming up on the end of the 5 year monitoring
> period.
> Tracy Rush
> Dr. J.H. Carter III & Assocaites, Inc.
> [phone]
> ----- Original message -----
> From: "Amanda Mueller" <[e-mail]>
> To: <[e-mail]>
> Sent: Friday, February 27, 2004 10:30 AM
> Subject: Columbus County Airport Monitoring report
> > Hi Tracy,
> > Thank you for your recent reports for McLendon Hill and Columbus county.
> > I have a quick question for you.... can you tell me what the vegetation
> > success criteria are for the Columbus County Airport project? You
> > normally list them in your monitoring reports, but it wasn't in this
>>one.
> > Thanks for your help,
> > Amanda
> > Amanda Mueller
> > NCDWQ-Wetlands1401 Unit
1 of 2 2/27/04 11:55 AM
DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Environmental Consultants 2001
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
[phone] • Fax [phone]
Letter of Transmittal
To Mr. John Dorney
NC Division of Water Quality
NCDENR
1621 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1621
WE ARE SENDING YOU
X Attached
Copy of letter
Prints
Date: 15 January 01 Job #9212
Attn: Mr. John Dorney
Re: Columbus County Airport
Wetlands Mitigation DWQ# 960975
X Reports Maps
_ Plans X Data
Photos
COPIES DATE # P s DESCRIPTION
2 15 Jan 01 14 1999 Annual Report for Columbus County Airport
Wetlands Mitigation Plan Implementation
Columbus County, North Carolina
DWO# 960975
THESE ARE TRANSMITTED
For approval Approved as noted
For your use Approved as submitted t
As requested Returned for corrections 1
For review and comment X For your information C
REMARKS: The 2000 Annual Report will follow in a few weeks.
COPY TO: Mr. Dempsey Herring, SIGNED: f/\
Columbus Co.
If enclosures are not noted, please contact us immediately
Endangered Species Surveys 9 Environmental Assessments • Land Management 9 Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
1999 ANNI
p rs
V'o o S ?,', I".r' !
JAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Tables 'ter uAll V-P 4
j-OC(A NL0n
u?l (cd6r A4 ? APC VIct?y , 4LAf
repAs Moak 6e pkw4dcop;'° i
uSQ• otad 1,
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l.vV?l o?o w ?` co vkr C kc. f S e S
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush, Ms. Lori Blanc and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388

Submitted 15 January 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Environmental Sciences Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
1999 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION tesAI
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 WQ Project ##960975),
VW`
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
1999.
Mitigation activities at the airport in 1999 consisted of filling and diverting drainage
ditches, construction of an earthen berm and outflow device, and installation of electronic
groundwater monitoring wells and vegetation monitoring plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Ater rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxinyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fem
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncos effosus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.

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Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous
vegetation including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pima taeda), waxmyrtle,
inkberry, blueberries (Vacinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifloia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon Wrginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy loams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardta virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium sp.).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and broom-sedge. Dominant shrub species include inkberry
and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
1999 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Ditches draining the restoration area were filled from adjacent spoil banks and the
original topography was restored to the extent possible (Figure 2). The large drainage ditch
paralleling the southern edge of the runway was diverted into the existing wetland (Figure 2) and
a sediment trap was placed just above the entrance point to the wetland. A low earthen berm was

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constructed just south of the point where the existing wetland drains under the runway (Figure
2). The berm was built to the 84 foot contour and an outflow device (Figure 3)was installed to
regulate
water levels. The purpose of this berm is to impede the flow of water out of the existing wetland
and restoration area. This feature will work best during the non-growing season.
Hurricane Floyd struck North Carolina in September 1999. Heavy rainfall caused a
portion of the berm to wash out (Figure 3). This damage was repaired in late fall 1999.
MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
Nine electronic monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells were
installed in the reference wetland, 5 wells were installed in the mitigation area and 1 well was
installed in an adjacent upland (Figure 2). The wells were installed on transects at one-foot
elevation changes. The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water levels every
12 hours and will be downloaded every 3-4 months.
Water elevations for the period 15 September 1999 through 31 December 1999 are
displayed graphically in Figure 4. The goal is to create wetland hydrology within the mitigation
area (the 82, 83 and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the area is
inundated or saturated to the surface (within 12 inches) for at least 5% of the growing season (11 1 "
consecutive days in most years). IThe growing season for Columbus County runs from early
March to mid-November. Since the monitoring wells were not installed until mid-September,
only 2 months of growing season data were collected. In addition, groundwater in the mitigation`s
area must be within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both
s
areas have a similar shape.
The 78 and 79 foot wells in the reference wetland met the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 78 foot well site had standing water throughout the monitoring period. The 79 foot well site
had standing water periodically throughout the monitoring period and always had water within
12 inches of the surface. The 80 foot well in the reference wetland did not meet wetland
hydrology criteria during the 3.5 month monitoring period. It is likely though that the water
level was higher earlier in the growing season before the monitoring began.
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Figure 3. Outflow device and berm washout, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County,
North Carolina.

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The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water throughout the monitoring period. In the mitigation area,
the 83 foot (right) and 84 foot (right) well sites had standing water throughout the monitoring
period and met the wetland hydrology criteria, The 83 foot (left) well had water within 1 foot of
the surface for most of the monitoring period.
The 84 foot (left) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface for a period of 8 or 9
011?"
days on several occasions (Figure 4). This does not meet the wetland hydrology criteria of 11
consecutive days, but this monitoring period only covered 2 months of the 9-month growing
season. It is likely that water levels were within 1 foot of the surface earlier in the growing
season.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
3.5 month monitoring period. The water level at this location was only within 1 foot of the
surface 1 day and it was during the non-growing season.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were established in late October 1999. Two plots were

f
established in the reference wetland, 5 plots (1 at each monitoring well) were established in the
restoration area d 1 plot was established in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots
measure 10 meters by 10 meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of
the reference area. There are 2 wells within 1 of the vegetation plots in the reference area
because of the sharp c&4e m elevation in this area. At the time of plot establishment, the
vegetation in each plot was characterized by species, prevalence and percent cover.
The reference area had been recently mowed, so only low shrubs and herbs were present.
Plot R-1 was dominated by possum-haw viburnum and Virginia chain-fern with a sparse
herbaceous layer of grasses and sedges including plume grass, spikerush (Eleocharis sp.) and
panic grass (Table 1). Plot R-2 was dominated by broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus) with
trace amounts of herbs, grasses and low shrubs.
Plot #1 in the;'tigation ar located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by black
ea,
willow with scattered elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and tag alder (Table 2). The
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groundcover was dominated by netted chain-fern.
Table 1. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in the Reference Wetland
(Plots R-1 and R-2), Columbus County Airport, Columbus County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover

R-1 Shrubs Viburnum nuudum 50 - 75%
Herbs Woodwardia virginiana 50 - 75%
Erianthus giganteus 10 - 25%
Dichanthelium sp. 5-100/0
Eleocharis sp. 5-100/0
R-2 Shrubs flex glabra 5-10%
Herbs Andropogon virginicus 50 - 75%
Dichanthelium sp. 5--10%

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14
9
Table 2. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #1 at an elevation
of 82 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
#1 Tall Shrubs Salix nigra 50 - 75%
Alnus serrulata 5 - 10%
Sambucus canadensis 5 - 10%
Herbs Woodwardia areolata 5- 100/0
10
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet- Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry and sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea), interspersed with highbush
blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), titi and fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) (Table 3). Groundcover
in the plot was dominated by sphagnum moss (Sphagnum sp.). Plot #5 was dominated by 8-10
foot tall red maple and black willow saplings with patches of shrubs including sweet pepperbush,
red chokeberry (Aroma arbutifolia), elderberry and possum-haw viburnum (Table 3).
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
and titi with scattered sweet pepperbush and fetterbush. The herbaceous layer was dominated by
broom-sedge (Table 4). Plot #6 had an 8-10 foot tall shrub layer of tag alder, tulip poplar
(Liriodendron tulip fera) and black willow. Dominant shrub species included sweet pepperbush
and titi (Table 4). Several species of vines were found throughout the plot and included laurel-
leaf greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia) and climbing hempweed (Mikania scandens). The herbaceous
layer was generally sparse under the saplings and shrubs. In the open areas the dominant species
was panic grass.
Plot #4, the uplands plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant tree (sapling)
species within the plot included sweet gum, blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), water oak (Quercus
nigra) and southern red oak (Quercus falcata) (Table 5). The dense shrub layer consisted of red
chokeberry, sweet gallberry, inkberry and fetterbush. Bracken fern was the dominant
groundcover and yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens) was the dominant vine species.
SUMMARY
The mitigation activities for the Columbus County Airport are proceeding as prescribed
in the Mitigation Plan. Drainage ditches were filled and diverted and an earthen berm and
outflow device were constructed in order to restore hydrology tin the mitigation area. Nine
monitoring wells were installed, 3 in an existing reference wetland, 5 in the mitigation area and 1
in an adjacent upland. Water level readings were taken every 12 hours and downloaded every 3-
4 months. Eight vegetation monitoring plots were established and baseline data were collected at
each.
11
Table 3. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #2 and Plot #5, at an
elevation of 83 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover

#2 Shrubs flex coriacea 25 - 50%
Ilex glabra 25 - 50%
Vaccinium corymbosum 10 - 25%
Cyrilla racemiflora 5 - 10%
Lyonta lucida 5-10010
Other sphagnum moss
10 - 25%
#5 Tall Shrubs Acer rubrum
Salix nigra
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Aroma arbutifolia
Sambucus canadensis
Viburnum nudum
25 - 50%
25 - 50%
10 - 25%
5-10%
5-10010
5-10%
SeeC\-cs
-T ,R.

i
12
Table 4. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #3 and Plot #6 at an
elevation of 84 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover

#3 Shrubs flex glabra 25 - 50%
Cyrilla racemiflora 10 - 25%
Clethra alnifolia 5-10%
Lyonia lucida 5-100/0
Herbs Andropogon virginicus 5 - 10%
#6 Tall Shrubs Alnus serrulata
Liriodendron tulipifera
Salix nigra
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Cyrilla racemifiora
Herbs Dichanthelium sp.
Vines Smilax laurifolia
Mihwia scandens
10 - 25%
5-10%
5-10%
10-25%
5-10%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
5-10%
13
Table 5. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #4 at an elevation of 85 feet
in the uplands adjacent to the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
#4 Tall Shrubs Liquidambar styraciflua
Nyssa sylvatica
Quercus nigra
Quercus falcata
Shrubs Aronia arbutifolia
Ilex coriacea
Ilex glabra
Lyonia lucida
Herbs Pteridium aquilinum
Vines Gelsemium sempervirens
10-25%
10-25%
5-10%
5-10%
10-25%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
10-25%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
14

1999 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush, Ms. Lori Blanc and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 15 January 2001
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Environmental Sciences Branch
4401 Reedy Creek Road
Raleigh, NC 27607
1999 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLANDS MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
1999.
Mitigation activities at the airport in 1999 consisted of filling and diverting drainage
ditches, construction of an earthen berm and outflow device, and installation of electronic
groundwater monitoring wells and vegetation monitoring plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181(Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraci lua), red
maple (Acer rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous
vegetation including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle,
inkberry, blueberries (Vacinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifloia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy foams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow atea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylincHca), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and Joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium sp.).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and broom-sedge. Dominant shrub species include inkberry
and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
1999 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
Ditches draining the restoration area were filled from adjacent spoil banks and the
original topography was restored to the extent possible (Figure 2). The large drainage ditch
paralleling the southern edge of the runway was diverted into the existing wetland (Figure 2) and
a sediment trap was placed just above the entrance point to the wetland. A low earthen berm was
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2). The berm was built to the 84 foot contour and an outflow device (Figure 3)was installed to
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water levels. The purpose of this berm is to impede the flow of water out of the existing wetland
and restoration area. This feature will work best during the non-growing season.
Hurricane Floyd struck North Carolina in September 1999. Heavy rainfall caused a
portion of the berm to wash out (Figure 3). This damage was repaired in late fall 1999.
MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
Nine electronic monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells were
installed in the reference wetland, 5 wells were installed in the mitigation area and 1 well was
installed in an adjacent upland (Figure 2). The wells were installed on transects at one-foot
elevation changes. The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water levels every
12 hours and will be downloaded every 3-4 months.
Water elevations for the period 15 September 1999 through 31 December 1999 are
displayed graphically in Figure 4. The goal is to create wetland hydrology within the mitigation
area (the 82, 83 and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the area is
inundated or saturated to the surface (within 12 inches) for at least, 5% of the growing season (11
consecutive days in most years). The growing season for Columbus County runs from early
March to mid-November. Since the monitoring wells were not installed until mid-September,
only 2 months of growing season data were collected. In addition, groundwater in the mitigation
area must be within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both
areas have a similar shape.
The 78 and 79 foot wells in the reference wetland met the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 78 foot well site had standing water throughout the monitoring period. The 79 foot well site
had standing water periodically throughout the monitoring period and always had water within
12 inches of the surface. The 80 foot well in the reference wetland did not meet wetland
hydrology criteria during the 3.5 month monitoring period. It is likely though that the water
level was higher earlier in the growing season before the monitoring began.
Figure 3. Outflow device and berm washout, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County,
North Carolina.
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The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water throughout the monitoring period. In the mitigation area,
the 83 foot (right) and 84 foot (right) well sites had standing water throughout the monitoring
period and met the wetland hydrology criteria. The 83 foot (left) well had water within 1 foot of
the surface for most of the monitoring period.
The 84 foot (left) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface for a period of 8 or 9
days on several occasions (Figure 4). This does not meet the wetland hydrology criteria of 11
consecutive days, but this monitoring period only covered 2 months of the 9-month growing
season. It is likely that water levels were within 1 foot of the surface earlier in the growing
season.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
3.5 month monitoring period. The water level at this location was only within 1 foot of the
surface 1 day and it was during the non-growing season.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were established in late October 1999. Two plots were
established in the reference wetland, 5 plots (1 at each monitoring well) were established in the
restoration area and i plot was established in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots
measure 10 meters by 10 meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of
the reference area. There are 2 wells within 1 of the vegetation plots in the reference area
because of the sharp change in elevation in this area. At the time of plot establishment, the
vegetation in each plot was characterized by species, prevalence and percent cover.
The reference area had been recently mowed, so only low shrubs and herbs were present.
Plot R -I was dominated by possum-haw viburnum and Virginia chain-fern with a sparse
herbaceous layer of grasses and sedges including plume grass, spikerush (Eleocharis sp.) and
panic grass (Table 1). Plot R-2 was dominated by broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus) with
trace amounts of herbs, grasses and low shrubs.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by black
willow with scattered elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and tag alder (Table 2). The
groundcover was dominated by netted chain-fern.
8
Table 1. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in the Reference Wetland
(Plots R 1 and R-2), Columbus County Airport, Columbus County,
North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
R-1 Shrubs Viburnum nudum 50 - 75%
Herbs Woodwardia virginiana 50 - 75%
Erianthus giganteus 10 - 25%
Dichanthelium sp. 5-100/0
Eleocharis sp. 5-100/0
R-2 Shrubs Ilex glabra 5 - 10%
Herbs Andropogon virginicus 50 - 75%
Dichanthelium sp. 5+-10%
Table 2. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #1 at an elevation
of 82 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
#1 Tall Shrubs Salix nigra 50 - 75%
Alnus serrulata 5- 100/0
Sambucus canadensis 5- 10%
Herbs Woodwardia areolata 5- 10%
10
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry and sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea), interspersed with highbush
blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), titi and fetterbush (Lyonia ludda) (Table 3). Groundcover
in the plot was dominated by sphagnum moss (Sphagnum sp.). Plot #5 was dominated by 8-10
foot tall red maple and black willow saplings with patches of shrubs including sweet pepperbush,
red chokeberry (Aroma arbutifolia), elderberry and possum-haw viburnum (Table 3).
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
and titi with scattered sweet pepperbush and fetterbush. The herbaceous layer was dominated by
broom-sedge (Table 4). Plot #6 had an 8-10 foot tall shrub layer of tag alder, tulip poplar
(Liriodendron tulipifera) and black willow. Dominant shrub species included sweet pepperbush
and titi (Table 4). Several species of vines were found throughout the plot and included laurel-
leaf greenbrier (Smilax laurifolia) and climbing hempweed (Mikania scandens). The herbaceous
layer was generally sparse under the saplings and shrubs. In the open areas the dominant species
was panic grass.
Plot #4, the uplands plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant tree (sapling)
species within the plot included sweet gum, blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), water oak (Quercus
nigra) and southern red oak (Quercus falcala) (Table 5). The dense shrub layer consisted of red
chokeberry, sweet gallberry, inkberry and fetterbush. Bracken fern was the dominant
groundcover and yellow jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens) was the dominant vine species.
SUMMARY
The mitigation activities for the Columbus County Airport are proceeding as prescribed
in the Mitigation Plan. Drainage ditches were filled and diverted and an earthen berm and
outflow device were constructed in order to restore hydrology tin the mitigation area. Nine
monitoring wells were installed, 3 in an existing reference wetland, 5 in the mitigation area and 1
in an adjacent upland. Water level readings were taken every 12 hours and downloaded every 3-
4 months. Eight vegetation monitoring plots were established and baseline data were collected at
each.
11
Table 3. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #2 and Plot #5, at an
elevation of 83 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
#2 Shrubs Ilex coriacea
flex glabra
Vaccinium corymbosum
Cyrilla racemiflora
Lyonia lucida
Other sphagnum moss
#5 Tall Shrubs Acer rubrum
Salix nigra
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Aronia arbutifolia
Sambucus canadensis
Viburnum nudum
25 - 50%
25 - 50%
10-25%
5-10%
5-10%
10 - 25%
25 - 50%
25 - 50%
10 - 25%
5-10%
5-10%
5-10%
12
Table 4. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #3 and Plot #6 at an
elevation of 84 feet in the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class _ Species Percent Cover
#3 Shrubs flex glabra 25 - 50%
Cyrilla racemiflora 10 - 25%
Clethra alydfolia 5-10%
Lyonia ludda 5-10%
Herbs Andropogon virginicus 5-10%
#6 Tall Shrubs Alnus serrulata
Liriodendron tulipifera
Salix nigra
Shrubs Clethra alnifolia
Cyrilla racemiflora
Herbs Dichanthelium sp.
Vines Smilax laurifolia
Mikania scandens
10 - 25%
5-10%
5-10%
10-25%
5-10%
10-25%
10 - 25%
5 - 10%
13
Table 5. Relative cover in 1999 of dominant plant species in Plot #4 at an elevation of 85 feet
in the uplands adjacent to the mitigation area, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
Plot Class Species Percent Cover
#4 Tall Shrubs Liquidambar styraciflua
Nyssa sylvadca
Quercus nigra
Quercus falcata
Shrubs Aronia arbutrfolia
flex coriacea
Ilex glabra
Lyonia lucida
Herbs Pteridium aquilinum
Vines Gelsemium sempervirens
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
5-10%
5-10%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
10-25%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
10 - 25%
14
DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
[phone] • Fax [phone] FE8 I 12003
Q
[e-mail]
°??ERru,??c>?
Letter of Tran d? t
To John Dorney
N.C. Division of Water Quality
401 Wetlands Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
WE ARE SENDING YOU
Date: 2-7-03 Job #: 9212
Attn: John Dorney
Re: Columbus County Airport Wetland
Miti ation Report DW Project # 980247
Attached X Reports
Copy of letter Plans
Prints Photos
Maps
Data
COPIES DATE # P s DESCRIPTION
1 2-7-03 38 2002 Annual Report Columbus County Airport
Wetlands Mitigation and Implementation
Columbus County, North carolina
DWQ Project #960975
ACOE Action ID #199202002

THESE ARE TRANSMITTED
For approval
For your use
As requested
For review and comment
REMARKS:
_ Approved as noted
_ Approved as submitted
_ Returned for corrections
X For your information
COPY TO: Henry Wicker - USACOE SIGNED:
Billy Jo Farmer - Columbus County
Administrator ZVI
If enclosures are not noted, please contact us immediately
Endangered Species Surveys • Environmental Assessments 9 Land Management • Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
r
? j
2002 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Action ID # 199202002
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 7 February 2003
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
and
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
f{
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112003
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2002 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
2002.
Mitigation and monitoring activities at the airport in 2002 consisted of water control,
groundwater monitoring and monitoring of vegetation plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Acer rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous
Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
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vegetation including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle,
inkberry, blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy loams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus).
Dominant shrub species include inkberry and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
2002 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
The water level within the mitigation area was low throughout the year with little or no
water passing through the water control structure (Figure 3). No changes were made to the water
control structure with two boards remaining in place throughout the year. No repairs to the water
control structure were necessary in 2002.
Figure 3. The water control structure April 2002 (top) and September 2002 (bottom) at
Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
2002 MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
The 9 monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells are located in
the reference wetland, 5 wells are located in the mitigation area and 1 well was installed in an
adjacent upland (Figure 2). The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water
levels every 12 hours and are downloaded every 3-4 months.
Water elevations for the period 1 January 2002 through 31 December 2002 are displayed
graphically in Appendices A-C. The goal is to create wetland hydrology within the mitigation
area (82, 83, and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the areas are
inundated or saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5% of the growing season
(30 consecutive days in most years). The growing season for Columbus County runs from mid-
March to mid-November (240 days). In addition, groundwater in the mitigation area must be
within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a
similar shape.
The 78, 79 and 80 foot wells in the reference area met the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 78 foot well had standing water throughout most of the year (Appendix A.1). The 79 foot
well failed in mid-September so data for the last 2 months of the growing season is missing but
in general the 79 foot well had water within 12 inches of the surface for several months during
the growing season (Appendix A.2). The 80 foot well in the reference area had water within 12
inches of the surface for a month or so at the beginning of the growing season and again late in
the season (Appendix A.3).
The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water until the beginning of May. The water level then
dropped several feet over the next month (probably due to spring vegetation growth) and then
rose again in mid-September when rainfall amounts increased (Appendix B.1). In the mitigation
area, the 83 foot (west) and 84 foot (west) well sites had standing water until the beginning of
May also and so met the wetland hydrology criteria (Appendix B.2 and B.4 respectively). The
83 foot (east) well had water within 1 foot of the surface for 30 consecutive days during the early
part of the growing season and so met the wetland hydrology criteria (Appendix B.3).
The 84 foot (east) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface for a period of 2 or 3
days on several occasions (Appendix B.5), but did not meet the wetland hydrology criteria of 30
consecutive days. The 84 foot (east) well failed sometime after 12 September, but it can be
assumed that the water level fluctuated to within 1 foot of the surface but did not remain there for
more than several days.
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
year. The water level at this location was within 1 foot of the surface only 1 or 2 days at the
beginning of the growing season (Appendix C.1).
Average rainfall for Columbus County is approximately 49.83 inches (USDA 1990).
Rainfall amounts recorded in Whiteville (State Climate Office of North Carolina 2003) totaled
39.5 inches for the year, well below normal. North Carolina has been experiencing a prolonged
drought since mid-1998. Based on weather observations from over 100 years, this is the worst
long-term drought ever experienced in North Carolina (State Climate Office of North Carolina
2002). It is predicted that winter precipitation for 2002-2003 will be above normal due to an
emerging El Nino event.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried on 12 September 2002. Two plots are
located in the reference wetland, 5 plots (one at each monitoring well) are located in the
restoration area and 1 plot is located in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots measure 10
meters by 10 meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of the
reference area. There are 2 wells within one of the vegetation plots in the reference area because
of the sharp change in elevation in this area. The vegetation in each plot was characterized by
species, prevalence and percent cover (see Appendices D-F for complete lists).
Plot R-1 in the reference area was dominated by possum-haw viburnum, plume grass and
coral greenbrier (Smilax walteri) (Table 1). There was a decrease in herbaceous species and an
increase in woody vegetation within Plot R-1 in 2002. Plot R-2 was dominated by slender
spikegrass, bushy bluestem, inkberry, sweetgum and slender fragrant goldenrod (Euthamia
minor) (Table 1), with trace amounts of a variety of herbs, grasses and low shrubs (Appendix D).
Sweetgum increased in prevalence in 2002. All of the dominant species located within the
reference area are wetland indicator species.
Table 1. Dominant vegetation* in the Reference Monitoring Plots, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
78 feet 79.5 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot R-1
% Cover Plot R-2
% Cover
Andro o on glomeratus bush bluestem FACW+ -- 10-25%
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike ass FACW- -- 50-75%
Erianthus i anteus plume ass FACW 10-25% <1%
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod FAC <1% 5-10%
Ilex glabra inkberry FACW -- 5-10%
Liquidambar styraci ua sweetgum FAC+ -- 5-10%
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox OBL 1-2% --
Panicum scabriusculum woolly panic grass OBL 1-2% <1%
Smilax walteri coral greenbrier OBL 25-50% --
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum FACW+ 75-100% <1%
Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain-fern OBL 2-5% 1-2%
* See Appendix D for a complete species list.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by black
willow and red maple. Other dominant tall shrub species include tag alder, possum-haw
viburnum and elderberry (Sambucus canadensis). Groundcover was dominated by netted chain-
fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2), though the percent cover of these 2 species decreased
significantly in 2002. All of the dominant species located in Plot #1 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry with lesser amounts of red maple, sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea),
titi, fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (Table 2). Titi
became more prevalent in 2002. Plot #5 was dominated by 12-20 foot tall red maple and black
willow trees with patches of shrubs including red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia), sweet
pepperbush, elderberry, blackberry (Rubus sp.) and possum-haw viburnum. Groundcover was
dominated by netted chain-fern and Virginia chain-fern (Table 2) though both species declined in
2002. Percent cover of red maple and possum-haw viburnum increased significantly in 2002.
All of the dominant species located in Plots #2 and #5 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
and titi with scattered fetterbush (Table 2). The herbaceous layer was generally sparse
(Appendix E). Plot #6 had a 12-20 foot tall overstory of tag alder, tulip poplar and red maple.
Dominant shrub species included sweet pepperbush, titi and blackberry (Table 2). The
herbaceous layer was generally sparse under the trees and shrubs (Appendix E). Tulip poplar
increased in prevalence in 2002. All of the dominant species located in Plots #3 and #6 are
hydrophytic species.
Plot #4, the upland plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant tree species
within the plot included blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica) and southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
(Table 3). The dense shrub layer consisted of sweet pepperbush, fetterbush and water oak
(Quercus nigra) saplings. Bracken fern was the dominant groundcover.
Soil samples were taken near the center of each vegetation monitoring plot (Table 4).
Both reference area soil samples had saturated hydric soil. In the mitigation area, Plots #2, #3
and #6 had saturated (within 1 foot of the surface) hydric soils. Plots #1 and #5 were not
saturated, but had oxidized root channels in the upper 12 inches. The upland vegetation plot (#4)
had sandy dry soil.
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Columbus County, North Carolina.
85 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot #4
% Cover
Clethra alni olia sweet pe perbush FACW 5-10%
L onia lucida fetterbush FACW 5-10%
N ssa sylvatica blackgum FAC 25-50%
Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern FACU 5-10%
Quercus alcata southern red oak FAC+ 5-10%
Quercus ni ra water oak FAC 5-10%
* See Appendix F for a complete species list.
11
SUMMARY
The mitigation project will be considered successful when wetlands hydrology has been
enhanced or restored on sufficient areas to mitigate for the lost water quality values. The
hydrology success criteria will be when the groundwater within the mitigation area is within one inch of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar
shape.
Water level data was downloaded from the 9 monitoring wells every 3-4 months
throughout the year. Two wells failed in mid-September and had to be replaced. Four of the five
(80%) monitoring wells within the mitigation area have hydrographs similar to the reference area
and meet the wetland hydrology criteria. This is more than in 2001 despite a prolonged drought
for the area. Under a normal rainfall year, it can be assumed that all of the monitoring wells
within the mitigation area would meet the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 8 vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried and species cover and presence data
were collected at each. There has been a general increase in shrub and tree species coverage and
a general decrease in herbaceous species coverage. The reference area and mitigation area are
both dominated by hydrophytic species.
12
REFERENCES
State Climate Office of North Carolina. 2002. "North Carolina Climate". A Newsletter of the
State Climate Office of North Carolina. Fall 2002.
State Climate Office of North Carolina. 2003. 2002 Rainfall data for Whiteville, North
Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Soil survey of Columbus County, North
Carolina. 138 pp.
13
APPENDIX A:
REFERENCE AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA
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APPENDIX D:
VEGETATION PLOTS R-1 and R-2
WETLAND REFERENCE AREA
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-1 ELEVATION: 78 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
C erus stri osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus plume grass 10-25% FACW
Eu atorium fistulosum oe- e-weed x FAC+
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt-leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Ludwi is ilosa hair seedbox 1-2% OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
-
Mania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum - cypress witch grass x FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass 1-2% OBL
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol onum h dro i erioides swam smartweed x OBL
Rh nchos ora macrostach a tall beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow x OBL
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax s p. catbrier 25-50% ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Viburnum nudum p ossum-haw viburnum 75-100% FACW+
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern 2-5% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL=Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 2-5% FAC
Amelanchier alnifolia serviceber x FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e 10-25% FACW+
Andro 0 on vir inicus broomsed e x FAC-
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Calama rostis cinnoides Nuttall's small-reed grass ? OBL
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 50-75% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rills racemiflora titi x FACW
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
-
Eu atorium llosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium recurvans coastal- lain thorou hwort x FACW-
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod 5-10% FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Helianthus an ustifolius swam sunflower x FAC+
Hexast lis arifolia wild ginger x FAC
Ilex labra inkber 5-10% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um 5-10% FAC+
Lobelia s p. lobelia x ---
L onia li ustrina maleberr x FACW
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
M rica cerifera wax myrtle x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um 1-2% OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass x FAC
-
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass x OBL
Panicum sco arium broom panic grass x FACW
Pin us s p. pine x ---
Pluchea foetida - stinking cam horweed x OBL
Pol ala lutea orange milkwort x FACW+
Pteridium a ualinum bracken fern x FACU
Quercus ni ra water oak 2-5% FAC
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
Rh nchos ora ce ahalantha clustered beakrush X OBL
Table Continued on next page
*See next page
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Scleria s p. nutrush x ---
Scutellaria inte rifolia hyssop skullcap x FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia common reenbrier x FAC
Solida o fistu/osa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Solida o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod x FAC
Solida o stricta willow-leaf goldenrod x 0131-
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern 1-2% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum (-).
X + present but less than 5% cover
APPENDIX E:
VEGETATION PLOTS #1, #2, #3, #5 and #6
WETLAND MITIGATION AREA
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 1 ELEVATION: 82 feet 9112/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 25-50% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Berchemia scandens Alabama supple-jack x FACW
Bidens s p. beggar-ticks x ---
Boehmeria c lindrica false nettle x FACW+
Ca rya s p. hickory x ?
Cinna arundinacea wood-reed x FACW
C erus s p. flatsed e x ---
C rilla racemiflora titi x FACW
Erechtites hieracilfolia fireweed x FAC-
Erianthus i anteus - plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum oe- a-weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Itea 0/ /pica Virginia willow x FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Lonicera japonica - Japanese honeysuckle x FAC-
E co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed x FACW+
-
Murdannia keisak marsh dewflower x OBL
M rlca hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um 1-2% OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Pluchea foetida camphor-weed x OBL
Pol ovum h dro i eroides swam smartweed 1-2% OBL
Prunus serotina black cherry x FACU
P olacca americans pokeweed x FACU+
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow 50-75% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Smilax laurifol/a laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 5-10% FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern 2-5% OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 2-5% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL= Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 2 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 10-25% FAC
Amelanchier arborea serviceberr 5-10% FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Carex /aucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 2-5% FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Dios ros vir iniana persimmon x FAC
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
Eu atorium fistulosum 'Joe- a-weed X FAC+
Eu atorium leucole is white-bract thorou hwort x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens ellow jessamine x FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrew's cross x ---
Ilex coriacea sweet allberr 10-25% FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Itea vir inica Virginia willow x FACW+
Liriodendron full ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica cerifera wax myrtle x FAC+
M )*a hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa Mora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Persea borbonia red bay 2-5% FACW
Pinus s p. pine x ---
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
-
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax /auca reenbrier x FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 5-10% FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern X OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 3 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9112102 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple X FAC
Amelanchier alnifolia serviceber X FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e 2-5% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber X FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane X FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster X FAC
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 1-2% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush X FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort X FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort X FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod X FAC
Ga /ussacia frondosa dan leber X FAC
Ga /ussacia dumosa dwarf huckleberry X FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine X FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross X ---
flex coriacea sweet allber X FACW
Ilex labra inkber 50-75% FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe X FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um X FAC+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar 2-5% FAC
L co odium alo ecuroides fox-tail clubmoss X OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
Mitchella re ens artrid eber X FACU+
M rica cerifera bayberry X FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry X FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um X OBL
Persea borbonia red bay X FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine 1-2% FAC
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern X FACU
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beauty X FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac X NI
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush X FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry X ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier X FACW+
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod X FAC+
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss X ---
S m locos tinctoria horse sugar X FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 2-5% FACW
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape X FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 5 ELEVATION: 83 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 50-75% FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 5-10% FACW
Bidens s p. be ar ticks x ---
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 10-25% FACW
Erechtites hieracilfolia fireweed x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum 'oe- a weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross x ---
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
/tea vir inica Virginia willow 1-2% FACW+
-
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Lirlodendron tull ifera tuli o lar x FAC
Lonicera 'a onica Japanese honeysuckle x FAC-
E co us vir lnicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush X FACW
Mikania scandens climbing hem weed 2-5% FACW+
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa b/flora swam black um 2-5% OBL
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Pluchea odorata camphor-weed x FACW
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry 5-10% ---
Sa/ix ni ra black willow 25-50% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry 5-10% FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s p. sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv 1-2% FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 1-2% FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 25-50% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern 2-5% OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern 5-10% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO. APT
PLOT NUMBER: 6 ELEVATION: 84 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 25-50% FAC
A/nus serrulata to alder 10-25% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 2-5% FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Carex s p. (no fruits) sedge x ---
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass X FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rills racemiflora titi 25-50% FACW
Erechtites hieraciifolia fireweed x FAC-
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
-
Eupatorium fistulosum oe- a-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium erfoliatum common boneset x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor Slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Gelsemium sempervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allberr x FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Li ustrum sinense Chinese rivet x FAC
Li uidambar st raclflua sweet um 2-5% FAC+
Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar 25-50% FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus Virginia bu leweed x OBL
-
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
N ssa biflora Swam black um x OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass 1-2% FAC
-
Panicum sco arium hair panic grass x FACW
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadowbeaut x FACW+
Rh nchos ora ce halanta clustered beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ors racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry 5-10% ---
Sambucus canadensis elderberry x FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier 2-5% FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia reenbrier x FAC
Sphagnum s p. - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv 2-5% FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry 2-5% FACW
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia virginica - Virginia chain-fern x OBL
APPENDIX F:
UPLAND VEGETATION PLOT #4
r
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 4 ELEVATION: 85 feet 9/12/02 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier alnifolia serviceber 2-5% FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeberr x FACW
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rills racemiflora titi x FACW
Dios ros vir iniana persimmon x FAC
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hair thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Eu atorium serotinum late-flowering thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Ga lussacia dumosa dwarf huckleberry x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leberr x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine 2-5% FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross x ---
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 2-5% FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe 2-5% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um 2-5% FAC+
L onia mariana sta erbush x FAC
L onia lucida fetterbush 5-10% FACW
Moss moss x ---
M rica cerifera wax myrtle x FAC+
N ssa s lvatica black um 25-50% FAC
Persea borbonia red bay 2-5% FACW
Pinus taeda loblolly pine x FAC
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern 5-10% FACU
Quercus falcata southern red oak 5-10% FAC+
Quercus ni ra water oak 5-10% FAC
Rhus co allina winged sumac x NI
Sassafras albidum sassafras x FACU
Smilax luuca catbrier x FAC
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vaccinium tenellum ale-leaf blueberry x FACU-
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of
the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the
spectrum (-).
X + present but less than 5% cover
DR. J.H. CARTER III & ASSOCIATES, INC.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891 • Southern Pines, N.C. 28388
[phone] • Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
Letter of Transmittal
To John Domey
N.C. Division of Water Quality
401 Wetlands Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
Date: 2-2-04 Job #: 9212
Attn: John Dome
Re: Columbus County Airport Wetland
Mitigation Report DWQ Project # 3S8244?'
90o77s
WE ARE SENDING YOU
Attached X Reports Maps
Copy of letter Plans Data
Prints Photos
COPIES DATE # P s DESCRIPTION
1 1-31-04 14+ 2003 Annual Report Columbus Count Airport
Wetlands Mitigation and Implementation
Columbus County, North carolina
DWQ Project #960975
ACOE Action ID #199202002

THESE ARE TRANSMITTED
For approval
For your use
As requested
For review and comment
REMARKS:
Approved as noted
_ Approved as submitted
_ Returned for corrections
X For your information
JVUi
40 U 4 9n..
COPY TO: Jennifer Frye - USACOE SIGNED:
Billy Jo Farmer - Columbus County {7l
Administrator
If enclosures are not noted, please contact us immediately
Endangered Species Surveys • Environmental Assessments • Land Management • Wetlands Mapping and Permitting
y V
2003 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Action ID # 199202002
Prepared By:
Ms. Tracy Rush and Dr. J.H. Carter III
Dr. J.H. Carter III & Associates, Inc.
Environmental Consultants
P.O. Box 891
Southern Pines, North Carolina 28388
Submitted 31 January 2004
N.C. Division of Water Quality
Wetlands/401 Certification Unit
2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Suite 250
Raleigh, NC 27604-2260
and
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District
P.O. Box 1890
Wilmington, NC 28402
WEruNDS1401 OROU,p
FES 0 4 2004
WATER
V ryM
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2003 ANNUAL REPORT
COLUMBUS COUNTY AIRPORT
WETLAND MITIGATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
COLUMBUS COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
INTRODUCTION
Columbus County Airport proposes to restore wetland hydrology on at least 4.76 acres,
and potentially as much as to 8.6 acres, in order to mitigate for the loss of 4.76 acres of
jurisdictional wetlands during construction of a runway extension. In addition, wetlands
hydrology will be enhanced on 2.34 acres of jurisdictional wetland. This report, prepared in
accordance with North Carolina Water Quality Certification 2671 (DWQ Project #960975),
outlines wetlands mitigation and monitoring activities at the Columbus County Airport during
2003.
Mitigation and monitoring activities at the airport in 2003 consisted of water control,
groundwater monitoring and monitoring of vegetation plots.
PROJECT SITE
The Columbus County Airport is located 1.14 miles southwest of Brunswick off State
Road 1181 (Figure 1). The airport property contains 246.9 acres and consists of a single runway
5500 feet long, a small terminal building, hangers and support buildings. Most of the unpaved
airport grounds are vegetated with manicured grasses and low brushy thickets. Vegetation is
kept to less than 6 feet in height in order to comply with Federal Aviation Administration clear
zone regulations.
The wetlands filled during construction of a runway extension consisted of herbaceous
and shrub wetlands dominated by species such as sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red
maple (Acer rubrum), swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), inkberry (Ilex glabra), waxmyrtle
(Myrica cerifera), titi (Cyrilla racemiflora), sweetbay (Magnolia virginiana), cinnamon fern
(Osmunda cinnamomea), netted chain-fern (Woodwardia areolata), beakrushes (Rhynchospora
spp.) and soft rush (Juncus effusus). All of the filled wetlands had been ditched in the past and
had varying degrees of hydrologic modification.
The restoration area is located in the southwest portion of the airport property adjacent to
the runway (Figure 2). The restoration area is vegetated with saplings, shrubs and herbaceous
Figure 1. Location of Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
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vegetation including sweet gum, blackgum, red maple, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), waxmyrtle,
inkberry, blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia), broom-sedge
(Andropogon virginicus) and bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Ditching in the past has
adversely impacted the hydrology of the restoration site and adjacent areas. A significant area
appears to have been impounded in the past (organic cross-bedding in sandy sediments). Soils
on the proposed mitigation site are Rains and Grifton fine sandy loams. Both series are hydric
soils.
A narrow band of jurisdictional wetland (2.34 acres) occurs within the restoration site
(Figure 2). Some of the wetland is dominated by herbaceous species, especially beakrushes,
panic grasses (Dicanthelium spp.), meadow beauties (Rhexia spp.), southern waxy sedge (Carex
glaucescens), honeycomb-head (Balduina uniflora), Coastal Plain thorough-wort (Eupatorium
recurvans), yellow pitcher-plant (Sarracenia flava) and woolly sunbonnets (Chaptalia
tomenstosa). Another portion is dominated by low shrubs such as black willow (Salix nigra),
Virginia willow (Itea virginica), red maple and tag alder (Alnus serrulata), with a ground cover
of netted chain-fern, Virginia chain-fern (Woodwardia virginica), royal fern (Osmunda regalis),
camphor-weed (Pluchea sp.), false-nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica), climbing hempweed (Mikania
scandens) and joe-pye-weed (Eupatorium fistulosum).
The reference wetland area, located on the north side of the runway consists of low
shrubs and herbs. Dominant herb and grass species include plume grass (Erianthus giganteus),
hairy seedbox (Ludwigia pilosa), hairy panic grass (Panicum scoparium), Virginia chain-fern,
slender spikegrass (Chasmanthium laxum) and bushy bluestem (Andropogon glomeratus).
Dominant shrub species include inkberry and possum-haw viburnum (Viburnum nudum).
2003 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES
The water level within the mitigation area remained constant throughout the year with
little or no water passing through the water control structure. No changes were made to the
water control structure with two boards remaining in place throughout the year. No repairs to the
water control structure were necessary in 2003.
In early June 2003, for airport safety reasons and per FAA regulations, all areas within
600 feet of the runway were mowed, including the reference area and the mitigation area (Figure
4
3). All vegetation was mowed to approximately 1 foot in height using large, rubber tired brush
mowers. Prior to mowing, the mitigation area and the reference area were being invaded by
weedy successional species such as red maple, sweetgum and tulip poplar, and species diversity
had dropped significantly since the initiation of monitoring in 1999. Mowing, which simulates a
natural fire regime, has opened up the site and will promote a wider diversity of native
herbaceous species and low shrubs.
2003 MONITORING ACTIVITIES
Monitoring Wells
The 9 monitoring wells were installed on 15 September 1999. Three wells are located in
the reference wetland, 5 wells are located in the mitigation area and 1 well was installed in an
adjacent upland (Figure 2). The electronic monitoring wells are programmed to record water
levels every 12 hours and are downloaded every 3-4 months.
Groundwater elevations for the period 1 January 2003 through 31 December 2003 are
displayed graphically in Appendices A-C. The goal is to create wetland hydrology within the
mitigation area (82, 83, and 84 foot wells). Criteria for wetland hydrology are met when the
areas are inundated or saturated to within 12 inches of the surface for at least 12.5% of the
growing season (30 consecutive days in most years). The growing season for Columbus County
runs from mid-March to mid-November (240 days). In addition, groundwater in the mitigation
area must be within +/- 2 inches of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both
areas have a similar shape.
The 78, 79 and 80 foot wells in the reference area met the wetland hydrology criteria.
The 78 foot well had standing water throughout most of the year (Appendix A.1). The 79 foot
well had water within 12 inches of the surface or standing water during a majority of the growing
season (Appendix A.2). The 80 foot well in the reference area also had water within 12 inches of
the surface or standing water off and on during a majority of the growing season (Appendix A.3).
The 82 foot well is located in the narrow band of jurisdictional wetland in the mitigation
area. This well site had standing water during most of the year (Appendix B.1). In the
mitigation area, the 83 foot (west) and 84 foot (west) well sites had standing water during most
of the year (Appendix B.2 and B.4 respectively). The 83 foot (east) well had water within 1 foot
Figure 3. Photographs of the Reference Area (top) and Mitigation Area (bottom) after mowing,
Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North Carolina.
? t
of the surface for 30 consecutive days during June, July and early August and so met the wetland
hydrology criteria (Appendix B.3).
The 84 foot (east) well had water levels within 1 foot of the surface 30 consecutive days
during July and early August (Appendix B.5).
The 85 foot upland monitoring well did not meet wetland hydrology criteria during the
year. The water level at this location was within 1 foot of the surface only 1 or 2 days at a time
over the entire year (Appendix C.1).
The increase in groundwater elevations in 2003, as compared with 2002, can be attributed
to above normal rainfall in 2003. Average rainfall for Columbus County is approximately 49.83
inches (USDA 1990). Rainfall amounts recorded in Whiteville (State Climate Office of North
Carolina 2004) totaled 59.61 inches for the year, well above normal.
Vegetation Monitoring Plots
Vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried on 2 October 2003. Two plots are located
in the reference wetland, 5 plots (one at each monitoring well) are located in the restoration area
and 1 plot is located in an adjacent upland area. The vegetation plots measure 10 meters by 10
meters and are centered on each monitoring well with the exception of the reference area. There
are 2 wells within one of the vegetation plots in the reference area because of the sharp change in
elevation in this area. The vegetation in each plot was characterized by species, prevalence and
percent cover (see Appendices D-F for complete lists).
Plot R-1 in the reference area was dominated by possum-haw viburnum, plume grass and
coral greenbrier (Smilax walteri) (Table 1). Plot R-2 was dominated by slender spikegrass,
bushy bluestem and slender fragrant goldenrod (Euthamia minor) (Table 1), with trace amounts
of a variety of herbs, grasses and low shrubs (Appendix D). All of the dominant species located
within the reference area are wetland indicator species.
Plot #1 in the mitigation area, located at an elevation of 82 feet, was dominated by tag
alder and black willow. All of the dominant species located in Plot #1 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #2 and #5 are located at an elevation of 83 feet. Plot #2 consisted of a dense shrub
layer dominated by inkberry with lesser amounts of titi, sweet gallberry (Ilex coriacea),
fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) (Table 2). Plot #5
was dominated by (Cyperus sp.) with lesser amounts of red maple, sweet pepperbush, black
Table 1. Dominant vegetation* in the Reference Monitoring Plots, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
78 feet 79.5 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot R-1
% Cover Plot R-2
% Cover
Andro 0 on lomeratus bush bluestem FACW+ -- 10-25%
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass FACW- -- 25-50%
Erianthus i anteus plume grass FACW 5-10% <1%
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod FAC -- 5-10%
Ilex labra inkberry FACW -- 10-25%
Smilax walteri coral eenbrier OBL 25-50% --
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum FACW+ 25-50% <1%
1?11.11,Jfts: W2,S p
* See Appendix D for a complete species list.
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Plots #2 and #5 are hydrophytic species.
Plots #3 and #6 are located at an elevation of 84 feet. Plot #3 was dominated by inkberry
with scattered titi and fetterbush (Table 2). Plot #6 was dominated by titi with lesser amounts of
red maple, tag alder, red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia), sweet pepperbush and tulip poplar
(Table 2). All of the dominant species located in Plots #3 and #6 are hydrophytic species.
Plot #4, the upland plot, is located at an elevation of 85 feet. Dominant species within the
plot included bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and fetterbush with lesser amounts of
blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), serviceberry, sweet pepperbush and southern red oak (Quercus
falcata) (Table 3).
Soil samples were taken near the center of each vegetation monitoring plot (Table 4).
Both reference area soil samples had saturated hydric soil. In the mitigation area, all plots had
saturated (within 1 foot of the surface), low-chroma soils. The upland vegetation plot (#4) had
dark but dry soil.
SUMMARY
The mitigation project will be considered successful when wetlands hydrology has been
enhanced or restored on sufficient areas to mitigate for the lost water quality values. The
hydrology success criteria will be when the groundwater within the mitigation area is within +/-
one inch of the reference wetland provided that the hydrograph for both areas have a similar
shape.
Water level data was downloaded from the 9 monitoring wells every 3-4 months
throughout the year. All of the monitoring wells (100%) within the mitigation area have
hydrographs similar to the reference area and meet the wetland hydrology criteria. In general
over the past 4 years of groundwater monitoring, an average of 4 out of 5 wells have met the
wetland hydrology criteria despite prolonged drought conditions between 1999 and 2002.
The 8 vegetation monitoring plots were inventoried and species cover and presence data
were collected at each. Prior to June 2003, there had been a general increase in shrub and tree
species coverage and a general decrease in herbaceous species coverage within the mitigation
and reference areas. Both of these areas were mowed in June 2003 resulting in a more desirable,
10
low-shrub wetland area with a general increase in species diversity. The reference area and
mitigation area are both dominated by hydrophytic species.
11
Table 3. Dominant vegetation* in the Upland Monitoring Plot, Columbus County Airport,
Columbus County, North Carolina.
85 feet
Scientific Name Common Name Wetland
Indicator Plot #4
% Cover
Amelachiers icata serviceberry FACU 5-10%
Clethra alni olia sweet e erbush FACW 5-10%
L onia lucida fetterbush FACW 10-25%
N ssa s lvatica black um FAC 5-10%
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern FACU 25-50%
uercus alcata southern red oak FAC+ 2-5%
* See Appendix F for a complete species list.
12
Table 4. Soil sample information for 2003, Columbus County Airport, Columbus County, North
Carolina.
PLOT DEPTH VALUE/CHROMA COMMENTS

Reference Plot #1 0-18" 10YR 5/2 standing water
oxidized root channels
18+ 1OYR 6/1 mucky sandy silt
Reference Plot #2 0-8" 1OYR 2/1 saturated sandy loam,
oxidized root channels
8-12" 10YR 5/3 oxidized root channels,
organic streaking, IOYR 5/8 mottles
Plot #1 0-12" 10YR 3/2 saturated to surface, clay loam,
oxidized root channels
Plot #2 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
10-12" l OYR 2/2 saturated sandy loam
Plot#3 0-6" 1OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
6-8" l OYR 2/2 oxidized root channels
8+ 1OYR 6/4 with 10YR 6/8 mottles, common
Plot #5 0-10" 10YR 3/2 sandy loam, saturated to surface,
oxidized root channels
10+ 10YR 511 sandy loam
Plot #6 0-8" 1OYR 2/1 sandy loam, saturated to surface
8-12" 1OYR 4/1 sandy loam, oxidized root channels
12-16" 1OYR 6/1 sand
Plot #4 (upland) 0-12" l OYR 3/2 sandy loam (salt and pepper)
13
REFERENCES
State Climate Office of North Carolina. 2004. 2003 Rainfall data for Whiteville, North
Carolina.
United States Department of Agriculture. 1990. Soil survey of Columbus County, North
Carolina. 138 pp.
14
APPENDIX A:
REFERENCE AREA
GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELL GRAPHS
AND RAINFALL DATA
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APPENDIX D:
VEGETATION PLOTS R-1 and R-2
WETLAND REFERENCE AREA
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-1 ELEVATION: 78 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red ma le x FAC
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber O FACW
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
C erus has an sheathed flatsed e x OBL
C erus stri osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Erianthus i anteus - plume rass 5-10% FACW
Eu atorium fistulosum oe- e-weed x FAC+
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod O FAC
Galium obtusum blunt-leaf bedstraw O FACW-
Itea vir inica Virginia willow O FACW+
Juncus effusus soft rush O FACW+
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus - Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mikania scandens - climbing hem weed O FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum _ cypress witch grass O FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass O OBL
Pluchea foetida - camphor-weed O OBL
Pol onum h dro l erioides swam smartweed x OBL
Rh nchos ora inundata horned beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora macrostach a tall beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow O OBL
Scir us c erinus wool grass x OBL
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier O FACW+
Smilax s p. catbrier 25-50% ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 25-50% FACW+
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple X FAC
Amelanchier alnifolia serviceber X FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e 10-25% FACW+
Andro 0 on vir inicus broomsed e X FAC-
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber X FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane X FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster X FAC
Calama rostis cinnoides Nuttall's small-reed grass X OBL
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge X OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass 25-50% FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush X FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi X FACW
Erianthus i anteus - plume grass X FACW
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorou hwort X FACW
Eu atorium recurvans coastal- lain thorou hwort O FACW-
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort X FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod 5-10% FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber O FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow jessamine X FAC
Helianthus an ustifolius swam sunflower X FAC+
Hexast lis arifolia wild ginger O FAC
Ilex labra inkber 10-25% FACW
Li uidambarst raciflua sweet um 1-2% FAC+
Lobelia s p. lobelia O ---
L onia li ustrina maleber X FACW
L onia lucida fetterbush X FACW
M rica cerifera wax myrtle X FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry X FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um X OBL
Panicum dichotomum cypress witch grass X FAC
Panicum scabriusculum wool) panic grass X OBL
Panicum sco arium broom panic grass X FACW
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass X FACW
Pinus s p. pine X ---
Pluchea foetida - stinking cam horweed O OBL
Pol ala lutes - orange milkwort X FACW+
Pteridium a ualinum bracken fern X FACU
Quercus ni ra water oak X FAC
Rhexia mariana Maryland meadow-beauty X FACW+
Rhus co allina - winged sumac X NI
Rh nchos ora ce ahalantha clustered beakrush X OBL
Table Continued on next page
*See next page
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: Reference-2 ELEVATION: 79-80 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Scleria s p. nutrush O ---
Scutellaria inte rifolia hyssop skullcap O FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia common reenbrier x FAC
Solida o fistulosa pine barren goldenrod x FAC+
Solida o ru osa wrinkled goldenrod O FAC
Solida o stricta willow-leaf goldenrod 0 OBL
Sphagnum s sphagnum moss x ---
-
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum (-).
X + present but less than 5% cover

APPENDIX E:
VEGETATION PLOTS #1, #2, #3, #5 and #6
WETLAND MITIGATION AREA

COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 1 ELEVATION: 82 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acerrubrum red maple 1-2% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 2-5% FACW+
Bidens frondosa devil's beggar-ticks x FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false nettle x FACW+
C erus odoratus rust flatsed e 2-5% FACW
C erus tenuifolius thin-leaf flatsed e x FACW
Ecli to alba ecli to x FACW-
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle sikerush x FACW+
Eu atodum com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum oe- e-weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Ludwi is landulosa cylindric-fruit seedbox X OBL
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is re ens creeping seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus - Virginia bu leweed x OBL
Mikania scandens - climbing hem weed x FACW+
Murdannia keisak marsh dewflower x OBL
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda re alis ro al fern x OBL
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Pluchea foetida cam hor-weed x OBL
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow 2-5% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry x FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Vir inia chain-fern x OBL
'Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
'.
COLUMBUS CO. AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 2 ELEVATION: 83 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e X FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Carex laucescens southern wax sedge x OBL
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 5-10% FACW
Eu atorium leucole is white-bract thorou hwort x FACW+
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorou hwort 1-2% FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsmium sem ervirens yellow 'essamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber 5-10% FACW
Ilex labra inkber 25-50% FACW
Itea vir inica - Virginia willow x FACW+
Ludwi is ilosa hairy seedbox x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush 2-5% FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum sco arium broom panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pluchea foetida -- camphor-we ed x OBL
-
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina - winged sumac x NI
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x --
Smilax lauca reenbrier x FAC
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum s - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueber 1-2% FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum x FACW+
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover

COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 3 ELEVATION: 84 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier obovalis serviceber x FACW
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e 2-5% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Arundinaria tecta switch cane x FACW
Aster dumosus bush aster x FAC
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 10-25% FACW
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Euthamia minor slender fragrant goldenrod x FAC
Ga lussacia frondosa dan leber x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross x ---
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex /abra inkber 25-50% FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um x FAC+
Liriodendron tull ifera tulip poplar x FAC
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa biflora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty X, FACW+
Rhexia etiolata ciliate meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina - winged sumac x NI
Rh nchos ora inex ansa nodding beakrush x FACW
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Sphagnum, s p. sphagnum moss x ---
S m locos tinctoria horse sugar x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Violas . violet x ---
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
'' 01
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 5 ELEVATION: 83 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 1-2% FAC
Aroma arbutifolia red chokeber x FACW
Boehmeria c lindrica false-nettle x FACW+
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 1-2% FACW
C erus odoratus rust flatsed e 10-25% FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa Ion -tubercles ikerush x FACW+
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium hstulosum oe- a weed x FAC+
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
H ericum h ericoides St. Andrews cross x ---
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar x FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
Ludwi is ilosa - hairy seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus - Virginia bu leweed x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
Mikania scandens - climbing hem weed 1-2% FACW+
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa bitlora swam black um x OBL
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum scabriusculum _ Woolly panic grass x OBL
Panicum verrucosum - warty anic grass 25-50% FACW
Pluchea odorata camphor-weed x FACW
Pol onum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Rhus co allina - winged sumac x NI
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Salix ni ra black willow 1-2% OBL
Sambucus canadensis elderberry x FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier x FACW+
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Viburnum nudum possum-haw viburnum 2-5% FACW+
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern 1-2% OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the spectrum
X + present but less than 5% cover
w to
COLUMBUS CO. APT
PLOT NUMBER: 6 ELEVATION: 84 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple 2-5% FAC
Alnus serrulata to alder 2-5% FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber 1-2% FACW
Boehmeria c 1/ndrica false-nettle x FACW+
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 1-2% FACW
C erus of stack os many-spike faltsed e x FACW
C erus sti osus straw-colored flatsed e x FACW
C rilla racemiflora titi 5-10% FACW
Eleocharis tuberculosa long-tubercle beakrush x FACW+
Erechtites hieracilfolia fireweed x FAC-
Erianthus i anteus plume grass x FACW
_
E n ium rostatum creeping coyote-thistle x FACW
Eu atorium com ositifolium do fennel x FAC-
Eu atorium fistulosum oe- e-weed x FAC+
Eu atorium erfoliatum common boneset x FACW+
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Galium obtusum blunt leaf bedstraw x FACW-
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex /abra inkber x FACW
Juncus effusus soft rush x FACW+
Liriodendron tuli ifera tulip poplar 1-2% FAC
Ludwi is alternifolia bush seedbox x OBL
L co us vir inicus _ Virginia bu leweed x OBL
L onia lucida fetterbush x FACW
Melothria endula creeping cucumber x FACW-
-
Mikania scandens - climbing hem weed x FACW+
M rica cerifera bayberry x FAC+
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Osmunda re alis royal fern x OBL
Panicum dichotomum _ cypress witch grass 1-2% FAC
Panicum sco arium hairy panic grass x FACW
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass 5-10% FACW
Parthenocissus uin uefolia Virginia creeper x FAC
Pol ovum h dro i eroides swam smartweed x OBL
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern x FACU
Rh nchos ora ce halanta clustered beakrush x OBL
Rh nchos ora racilenta slender beakrush x OBL
Rubus s p. blackberry x ---
Sambucus canadensis elderberry x FACW-
Smilax laurifolia laurel-leaf reenbrier 1-2% FACW+
Smilax rotundifolia reenbrier x FAC
Sphagnum s - sphagnum moss x ---
Toxicodendron radicans poison iv x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueber x FACW
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
Woodwardia vir inica Virginia chain-fern x OBL
'. s
APPENDIX F:
UPLAND VEGETATION PLOT #4
s •1 ra
COLUMBUS CO.
AIRPORT
PLOT NUMBER: 4 ELEVATION: 85 feet 10/2/03 Wetland
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME % COVER Indicator
Acer rubrum red maple x FAC
Amelanchier s icata serviceber 5-10% FACU
Andro 0 on lomeratus broomsed e x FACW+
Aronia arbutifolia red chokeber X FACW
Ca rya s p. hickory x ---
Chasmanthium laxum slender s ike rass x FACW-
Clethra alnifolia sweet a erbush 5-10% FACW
C rllla racemiflora titi x FACW
Dios ros vir iniana persimmon x FAC
Ele hanto us nudatus smooth elephant-foot x FAC
Eu atorium ilosum hairy thorou hwort x FACW
Eu atorium rotundifolium round-leaf thorou hwort x FAC
Gelsemium sem ervirens yellow jessamine x FAC
Ilex coriacea sweet allber x FACW
Ilex labra inkber x FACW
Leucothoe racemosa leucothoe x FACW
Li uidambar st raciflua sweet um x FAC+
L onia lucida fetterbush 10-25% FACW
M rica hetero h lla evergreen bayberry x FACW
N ssa s Ivatica black um 5-10% FAC
Osmunda cinnamomea cinnamon fern x FACW+
Panicum verrucosum wart panic grass x FACW
Persea borbonia red bay x FACW
Pteridium a uilinum bracken fern 25-50% FACU
Quercus falcata southern red oak 2-5% FAC+
Quercus ni ra water oak 1-2% FAC
Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow-beauty x FACW+
Rhus co allina winged sumac 1-2% NI
-
Sassafras albidum sassafras x FACU
Smilax lauca catbrier x FAC
S m locos tinctoria horse-sugar x FAC
Vaccinium co mbosum hi hbush blueberry x FACW
Vaccinium tenellum ale-leaf blueberry x FACU-
Vitis rotundifolia muscadine grape x FAC
Woodwardia areolata netted chain-fern x OBL
*Wetland Indicator Key:
OBL = Obligate Wetland Species
FACW = Facultative Wetland Species
FAC = Facultative Species
FACU = Facultative Upland Species
Upland = Upland Species
+ and - values represent species near the wetter end of
the spectrum (+) and species near the drier end of the
spectrum (-).
X + present but less than 5% cover