20080928 Ver 1_Public Notice_20080911

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US Army Corps PUBLIC NOTICE
Of Engineers
Wilmington District
Issue Date: September 10, 2008
Comment Deadline: October 10, 2008
Corps Action ID #: 2007-03423
The Wilmington District, Corps of Engineers (Corps) has received an application from
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune seeking Department of the Army authorization to
permanently impact 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 496 linear feet of intermittent
stream channel as well temporary impact to 37.59 acres of 404 wetlands for unexploded
ordinance inspection and clearing associated with the modernization of the K2 training
range to meet the Infantry Training and Readiness Manual in Onslow, North
Carolina.
Specific plans and location information are described below and shown on the attached
plans. This Public Notice and all attached plans are also available on the Wilmington
District Web Site at www.saw.usace.army.mil/wetlands
Applicant: Marine Corps Base Cam Lejeune D r=3 �� I)
PP � p J
Attn: Deputy Public Works Officer SEP 1 1 2008
1005 Michael Road
Camp Lejeune, NC 28542 DENR. WATER QUAUTY
WEf MDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
AGENT (if applicable): Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Attn: Land & Wildlife Resources Section, ECON
PSC Box 20004
Camp Lejeune, NC 28542-0004
Authority
The Corps will evaluate this application and a decide whether to issue, conditionally
issue, or deny the proposed work pursuant to applicable procedures of Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344).
Location
The site is located on the western portion of the Base northeast of the Stone Bay Rifle
Range off Rhodes Point Road. The project area is comprised of five bombing ranges
K301-305 and the associated downrange fields. The is site is located west of the New

River near the headwater sections of Whitehurst Creek and Town Creek, south of
Jacksonville, Onslow County. The site can be located at 34.6437 N and -77.3926 W.
Existing Site Conditions
The 470 -acre project area is located in Onslow County, approximately four miles east of
Highway 17 along Rhodes Point Road.
Habitat
Topography at the K-2 Ranges is characterized by upland terraces, with the highest
elevation at about 22 m (75 ft) (Figure 2). The terraces are dissected by drainage slopes
with the lowest elevation at about 3 in (10 ft). The terraces are primarily composed of
Baymeade and Onslow soil series while the slopes are composed of Marvyn loamy fine
sand grading to Muckalee loam along the tributaries of the New River. The Bohicket
series occurs along a tributary to Mill Creek. Smaller inclusions of Leon, Pantego, Alpin,
and Norfolk soils are also represented in the project area. The landscape surrounding the
K-2 ranges is characterized by pine savannas that are dissected by drainage slopes. The
hydrology of the savannas varies from dry-mesic to wet-mesic, which influences
vegetation composition. The savannas are dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
with several species of hardwoods including sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciva),
southern red oak (Quercus falcata), white oak Q. alba), and red maple (Acer rubrum).
The shrub layer varies with wetness, but generally consists of wax myrtle (Myrica
cerifera), blue huckleberry (Gaylussacia frondosa), and sparkleberry (haccinium
arboreum). Groundcover species vary with the degree of land disturbance and fire
regimes but can include wiregrass (Aristida stricta , bracken fern (Pteridium aquininum),
and bluestem (Schizachyrium spp.), along with more disturbance tolerant species like
green briar (Smilax spp.) and broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus). The drainage slopes
are also dominated by loblolly pine with occurrences of mockernut hickory (Carya
tomentosa), white oak, beech (Fagus grandifolia), American holly (1lex opaca), and tulip
poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). The most heavily used portions of the existing ranges
are typically devoid of native groundcover, may consist of turf -type grasses, or are
graveled. Depending on the intensity of current use, the K-2 impact area may support a
variety of grasses and forbs or could be dominated by lichens and mosses on bare soil.
Only scattered and often stunted loblolly pines or hardwoods persist down range from
existing firing lines. The exact species composition of the ranges cannot be field -verified
because of the potential for UXO, but aerial photographs of the region confirm the
historic disturbance of the area. While the Base's Forest Management Program staff
conducts timber marketing at MCB Camp Lejeune, the forest stands within the surface
danger zones are not actively harvested or regenerated, but are subject to fire fuels
management.
In accordance with an agreement between MCBCL and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District (USACE) for the K-2 Ranges project, the approximate limits of
wetlands and other waters of the U.S. were determined by Geo -Marine Inc. (GMI) within
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the project area without field survey due to the risk of unexploded ordnance (UXO). In
lieu of the typical field survey methods, a variety of remote sensing and mapping data
were used in a geographical information system (GIS) to support the determination of
wetlands and other waters of the U.S. As a result of comments generated during a pre -
application meeting with representatives from the USACE and the NC Division of Water
Quality (DWQ), GMI provided an updated Wetland Delineation and Stream Mapping
Report to Wilmington District USACE in March of 2008. Wilmington District USACE
issued a Jurisdictional Determination letter dated 3/31/08 approving the mapping of
wetlands and other waters of the U.S. Utilizing the methods outlined in the report, 205.7
wetland acres (43.5 percent of total project area) were identified in the K2 Ranges project
area (Figure 5). Palustrine emergent wetlands were the most prevalent comprising 165
acres, or 78 percent of the wetlands that were identified. Thirty-nine acres of palustrine
forested wetlands and 0.2 acre of palustrine scrub -shrub wetlands were also identified.
Finally, there were 8,401 linear feet of intermittent stream segments and 3,441 linear feet
of perennial stream segments identified within the project area.
Water Resources
The presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the New River is limited with no
records of SAV north of the NC 172 bridge. South of the NC 172 bridge there are records
of eelgrass (Zostera spp.) within Traps Bay, but SAV is absent in Courthouse Bay and
Mile Hammock Bay (Rohde, July 2003). While roughly one-half of the K-2 impact area
is bordered by the New River, the surface hydrology of the area is also influenced by four
tributaries to the New River. An unnamed tributary of Mill Creek is located in the
western portion of the impact area. Whitehurst Creek flows through the center of the site.
Town Creek, situated to the north of Rhodes Point Road, runs eastward along the
northern project boundary. A fourth tributary, locally referred to as Little Creek, drains
the southeastern portion of the impact area with its outflow located near Hickory Point.
The New River and its watershed are located entirely within Onslow County. The upper
reaches of the New River and its tributary streams are narrow with flowing freshwater.
The lower reaches are estuarine waters, which are wider, slow moving, poorly
circulating, and affected by tides. Within the tidal portions of the New River, water
quality classifications range from SA to SC. Within the New River estuary, the waters
downstream from Grey Point to the New River Inlet at the Atlantic Ocean are classified
as SA, with the exception of two areas of SC waters around the historic outfalls for the
rifle range and the old Courthouse Bay wastewater treatment plants. All waters draining
to the New River north of Grey Point are considered Nutrient Sensitive Waters (NSW).
The New River and several of its tributaries within the project area (Mill Creek, Town
Creek, and Whitehurst Creek) have the additional designation of High Quality Waters
(HQW) and Primary Nursery Areas (PNA). The Base has an endangered species program
that focuses on conservation and protection of species and their management. No
federally -listed species are known to occur in the K-2 Ranges project area.
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Federal Species of Concern: Species protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection
Act and Migratory Bird Treaty Act. The population of American alligators at MCB Camp
Lejeune has been monitored since 1980 and appears to be stable or slightly increasing
(USMC, November 2001). American alligators likely inhabit Mill Creek, Whitehurst
Creek, and their tributaries. Both loggerhead and green sea turtles nest at Onslow Beach.
Monitoring for sea turtle nests began in 1979 and is ongoing to allow for the immediate
protection of the nests. Piping plover nests have not been detected at Onslow Beach, but
suitable habitat is available for nesting and overwinter foraging. Piping plovers have been
seen on Onslow Beach during all seasons of the year. As such, surveys for the piping
plover are conducted for evidence of nesting behavior (USMC, November 2001). Onslow
Beach is over 6.8 miles from the K-2 ranges. A bald eagle nest was first documented on
Base in 2000 along the New River where it meets Sneads Creek. Protective buffers have
been established around the nest site with restrictions on both ground and air -use
activities (USMC, November 2001). This nest is over three miles from the K-2 ranges.
Although bald eagles have been sighted by boaters on the New River, no nests have been
documented on the western shore of the river. There are 88 active red -cockaded
woodpecker (RCW) clusters at MCB Camp Lejeune. A Mission Compatible Red -
Cockaded Woodpecker Management Plan (MCB Camp Lejeune, May 1999) was
developed to manage and direct continuing RCW growth on the Base. A goal was
set in the RCW management plan to have 173 active clusters within seven management
areas. As such, the Base manages occupied suitable habitat, unoccupied suitable habitat,
and unoccupied potential habitat to reach this recovery goal of 173 active clusters. An
active RCW cluster is located over 0.5 mile from the project area. The foraging area for
this group does not extend into the project area, where foraging resources are generally
inadequate. Seabeach amaranth is present on Onslow Beach often growing between
dunes and the high tide line. Monitoring of amaranth is ongoing to prevent vehicles or
pedestrians from harming this plant. Onslow Beach is over 6.8 miles from the K-2
ranges. Roughleaf loosestrife is present in specific habitat types on approximately 22
acres at MCB Camp Lejeune. Roughleaf loosestrife is not known to occur within the
project area, though two small occurrences of potentially high probability habitat for the
plant have been identified. Actual surveys for the plant in these high probability areas
cannot be safely conducted due to UXO. MCB Camp Lejeune contacted the USFWS who
concurred that the proposed project is not likely to adversely affect roughleaf loosestrife
populations. The closest known sites are over 2.5 miles from the K-2 ranges in the
developed portion of the Base or in the Greater Sandy Run Area.
Historic or Archaeological Resources
No historic structures are present within or adjacent to the K-2 ranges. Surveys for
archaeological resources (pedestrian and subsurface) have not been conducted within the
K-2 impact area due to the hazards posed by UXO. However, investigations have been
conducted on the boundary of the SDZs at the K-2 ranges, where two archaeological sites
have been identified. One site was recorded and recommended not eligible for inclusion
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in the National Register of Historic Places (NRNP) because of extensive previous
disturbance. Another site was investigated during a shoreline survey, conducted by boat,
and was recommended for further NRHP evaluation. However, no ground disturbing
activities are planned in the vicinity of this site (Brewer, August 2004).
Applicant's Stated Purpose
The applicant's stated purpose is to modernize the existing range by utilizing current
technologies that would optimize training, reduce cost, save time, and minimize logistical
support. The proposed modernization is required for several reason: to meet training
requirements, to provide automated target systems, to upgrade the road network, and to
realign the surface danger zones (SDZs) in order to minimize their footprint over areas of
the New River. The realignment of the SDZs would allow for simultaneous range training
that may have formerly been impacted by the use of nearby ranges thus optimizing
training and potentially reducing the amount of ranges needed.
Project Description
ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
The project requirements (criteria) that must be met for an alternative to be a reasonable
option for fulfilling the purpose and need for the proposed action are as follows:
1. The alternative must allow the USMC to fulfill these specific training requirements:
infantry training and readiness manual requirements, individual training standards,
mission performance standards, and mission essential task listing.
2. The realignment of the surface danger zones (SDZs) must allow simultaneous use of
all ranges.
3. The alternative must allow for the continued use of the ranges while modernization
efforts are underway.
4. The footprint of SDZs over the New River must be minimized.
The alternatives evaluated include a no -action alternative, one off-site alternative, one on-
site alternative, and the preferred project.
No Action Alternative
Under the no -action alternative, the existing K-2 ranges would remain the same, without
modernization. Training at these ranges would continue to be conducted in accordance
with Range and Training Regulations, Standard Operating Procedure for Range Control.
However, this training would be conducted under conditions that have become
inadequate over the years. Taking no action to modernize the K-2 ranges means that the
USMC would be unable to accommodate new technology on these ranges, such as
automated targets. This would further impact the ability of the forces to "train as they
fight." Infantry training and readiness manual requirements, individual training standards,
mission performance standards, and mission essential task listing would not be met
efficiently or to the fullest extent possible. Additionally, readiness training and the
availability of adequate resources to other US military branches and to allies would

continue to be limited. Without range realignment, the surface danger zones associated
with the existing K-2 ranges would continue to extend as far into the New River as they
currently do. Safety for commercial and recreational boaters on the river would not be
improved. Furthermore, access to existing targetry would continue to be difficult as the
road network is in dire need of maintenance to make the roads passable. Road
maintenance is currently hindered by the presence of unexploded ordnance (UXO) near
the roads. There are a large number of weapons that can be used at each of the existing
K-2 ranges. However, when some ranges are being used, other ranges are restricted from
use because of safety conflicts. Without consolidation into a lesser number of ranges,
where each range is dedicated to a particular weapon system, scheduling will not allow a
higher throughput of personnel at the range complex. The No Action Alternative does not
provide for the consolidation and modernization of the existing K-2 ranges and cannot
meet evaluation factors 1, 2, or 4. As such, it is not considered a reasonable solution for
satisfying the purpose and need for the proposed action.
Alternate Site
An important objective to modernizing the K-2 ranges is to realign the surface danger
zones and reduce the distance that they extend into the New River. One way to minimize
the footprint of surface danger zones over the river would be to move the existing range
firing lines (line from which ammunition is fired) north of Rhodes Point Road. This
alternative would require shifting Rhodes Point Road and an existing tank trail farther to
the north. While this alternative would meet evaluation factors 1, 2, and 4, it was
dismissed because a northern shift to Rhodes Point Road and the tank trail would cause
considerable impacts to approximately 900 acres of natural resources (e.g. wetlands,
forested habitat, and protected species habitat).
On-site Alternative #1
The original project design that was prepared for Phase One of the K-2 Ranges project
was very similar to the preferred site design. However, the Range P4 - M203 Grenade
Launcher had a larger footprint that impacted the easternmost stream. Total proposed
impacts for this alternative were 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 912.5 linear feet of
intermittent stream.
On -Site Alternative #2: Applicant's Preferred
During a pre -application meeting with representatives of the USACE and DWQ to
discuss the project, the above -referenced alternative (#1) was presented as the preferred
site plan. Both the USACE and DWQ requested that Range P4 be modified to reduce
proposed stream impacts. The USACE in Huntsville made the following changes to
Range P4 in order to reduce impacts:
• Extended firing berm and firing lanes to the west in order to minimize impact of stream
to range firing lanes.
• Modified firing berm lighting to accommodate increase in length to firing berm.
• Moved Control Tower to be centered on firing berm.
• Moved Ammo Breakdown building in order to maintain 15m separation from any range
support facility (closest facility =Control Tower).
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• Graded range operation and control area to accommodate buildings moved and increase
in length to firing berm.
• Removed downrange grading that was done to re-route ditch and bring area above the
existing ditch up to grade in order to avoid environmental impacts on primary nursery
area (PNA).
The site plan that resulted from these revisions is now the preferred project and is
discussed below.
Modernization of the K-2 ranges would require the consolidation and realignment of the
existing K-2 ranges and the development of training facilities and automated targetry.
The existing ranges would be realigned and re -numbered, and would become inactive.
Range development would be timed and coordinated so that the majority of existing
ranges could continue to be used during construction phases. For example, training at
some of the existing ranges would be temporarily rotated to other ranges while the
upgraded ranges are being constructed.
A description of the four proposed ranges within Phase One, along with some estimates
of their sizes, is provided below. Development of these ranges would include the
construction of support facilities.
PI - Baffled Battle Site Zero (3 ac) - This baffled range would allow for 50 shooters along
a firing line to fire to a distance of 30 meters (32.8 yards). It would be outfitted with
bullet traps.
P2 - Service Rifle (40 ac) - This range for M16 and M4 rifles and shotguns would have
firing positions and automated targets ranging from 50 to 550 meters (55 to 601 yards).
P3 - Squad Automatic Weapon (20 ac) - A range for M249 squad automatic weapons
would have automated targets ranging from 50 to 800 meters (55 to 875 yards).
P4 - M203 Grenade Launcher (30 ac) - A range for M203 grenade launchers would have
only training practice (TP) ammunition authorized. Targets would be placed up to 400
meters (437 yards) from the firing line.
The proposed ranges would be realigned with their surface danger zones barely extending
into the New River. The location and alignment of these ranges is designed to avoid
impacts to the oyster beds located in Stone Bay.
Once appropriate permits have been obtained and coordination with MCB Camp
Lejeune's Environmental Management Department has occurred, unexploded ordnance
(UXO) cleanup and removal at the existing ranges would begin. Thorough surface and
subsurface scans and sweeps for UXO would be conducted. Cleanup and removal of
UXO would occur prior to the construction and modernization efforts. All UXO would be
disposed of in accordance with proper safety and disposal standards using certified
disposal methods. The subsurface investigations would require excavation to a depth of
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up to 3.3 feet. Once the sweep is complete, soils removed from wetlands would be
restored to preconstruction elevations. This UXO removal would allow for maintenance
on the existing road network, which is necessary to make the roads passable. Other range
debris (e.g. old armor, vehicle hulks, and scrap metal) would be removed and disposed of
in accordance with proper disposal procedures. Also, existing berms, targets, and other
support systems would need to be removed so that the ranges could be upgraded.
Modernizing the K-2 ranges would involve installation of automated target systems,
construction of firing pits and bunkers on firing lines, construction of concrete fighting
positions, and construction of bleachers. Targets would be installed and support buildings
and some mock buildings would be constructed. Vegetation would need to be cleared at
many of the upgraded ranges to maintain a line of sight to the targets. Some grading
would be required to level out existing contours in the down range areas. Berms, pits, and
trenches would be constructed at the realigned ranges. Wooden walls, building facades,
and a rubble pile would be built on some of the berms. Vehicle -firing pads (e.g. concrete
or gravel pads) would also be constructed on berms.
Support buildings include maintenance buildings, classrooms, restrooms, and
ammunition supply. Parking lots would be added or expanded. Lighting, fencing, and
signs would be installed. Some ranges would accommodate bivouac areas (areas used as
a temporary base) nearby. Some ranges would require the installation of obstacle course
items: concertina wire, walls, sewer/tunnel/subway system with manholes added, and
other artificial and natural barriers.
In addition to maintaining the existing road network at the K-2 ranges, new 10-12 foot
wide gravel roads would be constructed to provide access to each automated target array.
In an effort to minimize impacts to wetlands and streams, all ditch side slopes and road
fill slopes were designed by Huntsville Division USACE at 2: 1 to decrease the footprint
of these features. A 125 -foot tall safety tower would be constructed to provide for
observation of the river as well as the K-2 ranges and smaller towers would be
constructed at most of the upgraded ranges.
The types of ammunition and weapons to be used at the realigned ranges would remain
the same as currently used at the existing K-2 ranges. Proposed utilization of the
modernized K-2 ranges is expected to be about ten percent higher than current levels due
to a higher throughput of personnel, which would be possible with the consolidation and
realignment. Also, a recently reactivated Marine unit, the 4th Marine Expeditionary
Brigade, Anti -terrorism Battalion, would add to the proposed utilization from their
training. In addition to the Marine personnel, other military services, the US Coast Guard,
allied nationals, and other authorized agency personnel would train at the K-2 ranges.
Once proposed range modernization is complete, ranges would be maintained based on
evolving training requirements. Additionally, items such as bullet traps could be expected
to be installed.

The proposed action meets all four evaluation factors listed above. The proposed
consolidation and modernization of the K-2 ranges would allow the USMC to fulfill
infantry training and readiness manual requirements, individual training standards,
mission performance standards, and mission essential task listing. Realignment of ranges
would allow for simultaneous use. The UXO removal and construction efforts would be
conducted in a manner that allows for the continued use of the majority of existing ranges
while modernization efforts are underway. As a result, safety for commercial and
recreational boaters on the river would be improved.
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
404/401 Jurisdictional Areas
Phase One of the K-2 Ranges project would permanently impact 14.47 acres of 404
wetlands and 496 linear feet of intermittent stream. In addition, 37.59 acres of 404
wetlands would be temporarily impacted during an inspection for UXO. Secondary
impacts to wetlands and water quality could occur during and after construction of the
project through erosion. Erosion impacts would be temporary and would be minimized
by employing applicable soil erosion and sedimentation control techniques at the
construction sites. Best management practices for vegetation management and land
clearing would also be applied.
Threatened and Endangered Species
The proposed project would have no effect on the bald eagle or American alligator. With
over three miles of separation between the known bald eagle's nest and the K-2 ranges,
construction would have no effect on eagle reproduction or foraging. Riparian habitats
supporting the American alligator would not be directly affected by the project.
While high probability habitat for roughleaf loosestrife is present in the project area, the
percentage of surveyed high -probability habitat that actually supports the endangered
plant is very low. The presence of hazards associated with UXO prevents personnel from
surveying for the plant within the boundaries of the project area. While subterranean UXO
sweeps would be conducted in the area of potential habitat, it would be unlikely that a
targeted excavation would affect individual roughleaf loosestrife plants. For these reasons,
Camp Lejeune has determined that implementation of the proposed action may affect, but is
unlikely to adversely affect roughleaf loosestrife. The Base initiated informal consultation
with the USFWS regarding the proposed action's effects on roughleaf loosestrife. The
USFWS concurred with this determination based upon the relative size of the area and low
likelihood of plants being present.
Foraging habitat of active RCW clusters would not be impacted by the proposed action.
Construction of the grenade complex and a new Rhodes Point Observation Tower would take
place within two RCW recruitment partitions. After clearing 39 acres for construction of the
grenade complex, the affected partition would retain over 200 acres of potential habitat.
Construction of an observation tower would require land clearing of less than one acre.
Additionally, the project would not result in forest fragmentation that would hinder eventual
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occupation of the partitions. The retention of over 200 acres of contiguous, suitable habitat
satisfies criteria for recruitment partitions outlined in both Camp Lejeune's Integrated Natural
Resource Management Plan and the 2003 Revision of the Recovery Plan for the Red -
Cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) (USMC, November 2001; USFWS, January
2003). Tree clearing within the K-2 impact area would not affect recruitment partitions.
Therefore, implementation of the proposed action would not affect active RCW clusters nor
would it affect Camp Lejeune's ability to reach its long-term cluster goal.
While construction would not directly affect any endangered species or their habitat, upon
completion, the projected use of the ranges would change noise levels and patterns.
Evidenced by their continuing use of nearby habitats despite noise levels fluctuations from
variations in operational tempo, the projected changes in noise levels is not expected to affect
protected species. The K-2 ranges and associated SDZs do not support suitable or potential
habitat for any other protected species.
MITIGATION
A variety of mitigation measures has been developed to minimize potential environmental
impacts. These include:
* Construction effects would be controlled using standard management practices such as
routine sweeping and wetting to reduce air emissions.
* If during construction and site grading any site of potential historical or archaeological
significance is encountered, the installation commander would be notified. The unit
commander would order actions in the vicinity halted and the area marked. The unit
commander would immediately notify the Base archaeologist at [phone].
* Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be used to avoid contamination of
stormwater. Mitigation plans would include both short-term (construction phase) and
long-term (project life) features to meet the requirements of the Base's Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan.
* There will be a significant decrease in river area affected by surface danger zones.
* The proposed action is fully consistent with applicable coastal zone management
policies.
* The Base will utilize credits from the Greater Sandy Run Area (GSRA) wetlands
mitigation bank to offset proposed wetland impacts. This bank is located within the base,
approximately seven miles west of the project site, and has bottomland hardwood credits
available. Since the proposed impacts will occur to degraded wetlands and because the
mitigation site is located in close proximity to the impact site, a 1: 1 mitigation to impact
ratio is proposed.
*Significant revisions to the original site plan have occurred to minimize impacts to
streams within the project area. Proposed stream impacts would be to degraded,
intermittent stream habitat. Therefore, no compensatory stream mitigation is proposed.
Other Required Authorizations
This notice and all applicable application materials are being forwarded to the appropriate
State agencies for review. The Corps will generally not make a final permit decision
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until the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) issues, denies, or waives
State certification required by Section 401 of the Clean Water Act (PL 92-500). The
receipt of the application and this public notice in the NCDWQ Central Office in Raleigh
serves as application to the NCDWQ for certification. A waiver will be deemed to occur
if the NCDWQ fails to act on this request for certification within sixty days of the date of
the receipt of this notice in the NCDWQ Central Office. Additional information
regarding the Clean Water Act certification may be reviewed at the NCDWQ Central
Office, 401 Oversight and Express Permits Unit, 2321 Crabtree Boulevard, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27604-2260. All persons desiring to make comments regarding the
application for certification under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act should do so in
writing delivered to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ), 1650 Mail
Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1650 Attention: Ms Cyndi Karoly by
October 3, 2008.
The applicant has not provided to the Corps, a certification statement that his/her
proposed activity complies with and will be conducted in a manner that is consistent with
the approved North Carolina Coastal Zone Management Program. Pursuant to 33 CFR
325.2(b)(2), the Corps can not issue a permit for the proposed work until the applicant
submits such a certification to the Corps and the North Carolina Division of Coastal
Management (NCDCM), and the NCDCM notifies the Corps that it concurs with the
applicant's consistency certification.
Essential Fish Habitat
This notice initiates the Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) consultation requirements of the
Magnuson -Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. The Corps' initial
determination is that the proposed project will not adversely impact EFH or associated
fisheries managed by the South Atlantic or Mid Atlantic Fishery Management Councils
or the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Cultural Resources
The Corps has consulted the latest published version of the National Register of Historic
Places and is not aware that any registered properties, or properties listed as being
eligible for inclusion therein are located within the project area or will be affected by the
proposed work. Presently, unknown archeological, scientific, prehistoric, or historical
data may be located within the project area and/or could be affected by the proposed
work.
Endangered Species
The Corps has reviewed the project area, examined all information provided by the
applicant and consulted the latest North Carolina Natural Heritage Database. Based on
available information, the Corps is not aware of the presence of species listed as
threatened or endangered or their critical habitat formally designated pursuant to the
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) within the project area. A final determination on
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the effects of the proposed project will be made upon additional review of the project and
completion of any necessary biological assessment and/or consultation with the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service and/or National Marine Fisheries Service.
Note: According to the latest Natural Heritage Database a hit was discovered for the
Bachman's Sparrow which is listed as a Federal species of concern within the project
area.
Evaluation
The decision whether to issue a permit will be based on an evaluation of the probable
impacts, including cumulative impacts, of the proposed activity on the public interest.
That decision will reflect the national concern for both protection and utilization of
important resources. The benefit which reasonably may be expected to accrue from the
proposal must be balanced against its reasonably foreseeable detriments. All factors
which may be relevant to the proposal will be considered including the cumulative effects
thereof, among those are conservation, economics, aesthetics, general environmental
concerns, wetlands, historic properties, fish and wildlife values, flood hazards, flood plain
values (in accordance with Executive Order 11988), land use, navigation, shoreline
erosion and accretion, recreation, water supply and conservation, water quality, energy
needs, safety, food and fiber production, mineral needs, considerations of property
ownership, and, in general, the needs and welfare of the people. For activities involving
the discharge of dredged or fill materials in waters of the United States, the evaluation of
the impact of the activity on the public interest will include application of the
Environmental Protection Agency's 404(b)(1) guidelines.
Commenting Information
The Corps of Engineers is soliciting comments from the public; Federal, State and local
agencies and officials, including any consolidate State Viewpoint or written position of
the Governor; Indian Tribes and other interested parties in order to consider and evaluate
the impacts of this proposed activity. Any comments received will be considered by the
Corps of Engineers to determine whether to issue, modify, condition or deny a permit for
this proposal. To make this decision, comments are used to assess impacts on endangered
species, historic properties, water quality, general environmental effects and the other
public interest factors listed above. Comments are used in the preparation of an
Environmental Assessment (EA) and/or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Comments are also used to
determine the need for a public hearing and to determine the overall public interest of the
proposed activity.
Any person may request, in writing, within the comment period specified in this notice,
that a public hearing be held to consider the application. Requests for public hearings
shall state, with particularity, the reasons for holding a public hearing. Requests for a
12

public hearing shall be granted, unless the District Engineer determines that the issues
raised are insubstantial or there is otherwise no valid interest to be served by a hearing.
Written comments pertinent to the proposed work, as outlined above, will be received
by the Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District, until 5pm, October 10, 2008. Comments
should be submitted to Brad Shaver, Onslow County Project Manager at 910-251-4611.
13

m
SITE
r
'Bourtdarws are appf xitrare ,irw
nrlt meant to he absolute
Map Source: Jacksonville South Quadrangle 7.5 minute (topographic) 1990
K2 Ranges Project; Phase One
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Onslow County, NC
40-07-136
LMG
May 2008
SCALE 1" = 1500'
Figure 2
USGS Topgraphic Map

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Map Source: 1998 NADP aerial photography
SCALE 1" = 1000'
K2 Ranges Project; Phase One
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune A'�LMG Figure 4
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From: Commanding
To: Commanding
Engineers,
Wilmington,
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
MARINE CORPS BASE
PSC Box 20004
CAMP LEJEUNE, NC 28542-0004
IN REPLY REFER TO:
C'
t 5090.11. 2
'C - BEMD
AUG 2 X2008 AWi $ 20r
Officer, Marine Cor Base, Camp Lejeune
,
Officer, United St °rps of
Wilmington Distric °°Darrigton Avenue,
NC 28403
Subj: APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT FOR PHASE
ONE MODERNIZATION OF K-2 RANGES (P-1135) OF MARINE CORPS
BASE (MCB), CAMP LEJEUNE, NORTH CAROLINA
Encl: (1) Application for Department of the Army Permit for
Phase One Modernization of K-2 Ranges in Verona Loop
1. This letter is in response to your Memorandum dated 26 June
2008 requesting a consolidated project map clearly displaying
temporary and permanent impacts to jurisdictional areas for the
proposed Phase One Modernization of K-2 Ranges (P-1135) in the
Verona Loop Training Area on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune,
North Carolina.
2. The enclosure includes an updated application and figures
with jurisdictional impacts for each range (Figures 7-11). Camp
Lejeune proposes to mechanically clear, cut, and fill 14.47
acres of Section 404 wetlands, and 496 linear feet of
intermittent stream to complete the project.
3. The point of contact for this project is Mr. Martin Korenek,
Environmental Conservation Branch, Environment and Installations
Department, at telephone [phone] or email
[e-mail].
Sincerely,
ZHN R. TOWNSON
Director, Environmental Management
By direction of
the Commanding Officer
Copy to:
NCDENR, DWQ, 401 Section, 7 copies
NCDENR, DCM

APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT p 46 - 00J S,9
Privacy Act Statement
Authority: 33 USC 401, Section 10: 1413, Section 404. Principal Purpose: These laws require permits authorizing activities in, or affecting, navigable
waters of the United States, the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged material for
the purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Routing Uses: Information provided on this form will be used in evaluating this application for a permit.
Disclosure; Disclosure of requested information is voluntary. If information is not provided however, the permit application cannot be processed nor
can a permit be issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sample drawings and instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the location of the proposed
activity. An application that is not completed in full will be returned
(ITEMS 1 THRU 4 TO BE FILLED BY THE CORPS)
1. APPLICATION NO. 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE 3. DATE RECEIVED 4. DATE APPL. COMPLETE
(ITEMS BELOW TO BE FILLED BY APPLICANT)
5. APPLICANT'S NAME
8. AUTHORIZED AGENTS NAME AND TITLE (an agent is not
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
required) N/A
c/o Mr. Carl Baker
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS
9. AGENT'S ADDRESS DNW
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Deputy Public Works Officer
N/A ,
Public Works Division
�t')�QO
1005 Michael Road
Rp
Camp Lejeune, NC 28542
q
7. APPLICANT'S PHONE NOS. W/AREA CODE
10. AGENT'S PHONE NO. W/AREA C & Oro.
a. Business [phone]
NIA
b. Fax
11. STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I her buthorize Land gement Group, Inc. to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this application and to furnish, upon request,
srmentntalin rmatiA>fsuppowof this permit application.
Af1RffcANr3SIGRXMRt DATE
NAME, LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE — Modernization of K-2 Ranges; Phase One
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN (if applicable) 14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS (if applicable)
Tributaries of New River
MCB Camp Lejeune
15. LOCATION OF PROJECT Jacksonville, NC
Onslow North Carolina
COUNTY STATE
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN
17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
From Wilmington, take Hwy 17 N into Onslow County. Turn right at gate into Camp Lejeune.
Site is located off of Rhodes Point Road (see vicinity map).

18. NATURE OF ACTIVITY (Description of project, include all features) - The preferred project consists of the construction of
four ranges: 50 Lane BZO Range (P-1), M16 Static Range (P-2), M249 SAW Range (P-3), and M203 Training Practice Range
(P-4). In addition, support facilities for these ranges will be constructed. 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 496 linear feet of
intermittent stream will be permanently impacted. In addition, 37.59 acres of 404 wetlands will be temporarily impacted
during an inspection for UXO (See Project Narrative).
19. PROJECT PURPOSE (Describe the reason or purpose of the project) - To transform these ranges into state-of-the-art,
interactive training facilities that could be used to readily meet Infantry Training and Readiness Manual requirements (See
Project Narrative).
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. REASON(S) FOR DISCHARGE
To realign ranges and construct roads on which to access ranges and support facilities.
21. TYPE(S) OF MATERIAL BEING DISCHARGED AND THE AMOUNT OF EACH TYPE IN CUBIC YARDS —
Clean, compacted sub -grade soil materials, clean ABC aggregate, pavement etc all above street reinforced concrete
culverts at map specified locations. See map for area in each location.
22. SURFACE AREA IN ACRES OF WETLANDS OR OTHER WATERS FILLED
14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 496 linear feet of intermittent stream will be permanently impacted. In addition, 37.59
acres of 404 wetlands will be temporarily impacted during an inspection for UXO (See Project Narrative).
23. IS ANY PORTION OF THE WORK ALREADY COMPLETE? no IF YES, DESCRIBE THE COMPLETED WORK
Ranges currently exist within site. Proposed project will modernize and realign ranges.
24. ADDRESSES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY OWNERS, LESSEES, Etc., WHOSE PROPERTY ADJOINS THE WATERBODY
N/A Property is confined entirely within Camp Lejeune
25. LIST OTHER CERTIFICATIONS OR APPROVALS/DENIALS RECEIVED FROM OTHER FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL
AGENCIES FOR WORK DESCRIBED IN THIS APPLICATION N/A
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL* IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work described in this application. I certify that the
information in this application is complete and accurate. I further certify that I possess the authority to undertake the work
described herein or am acting as the duly authorized agent of the applicant.
rrl'I'd ?"- //_ ?""
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT
DATE
18. U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States knowingly
and willfully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or
representations o r makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or entry, shall
be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.

PROJECT NARRATIVE
Phase One Modernization of K-2 Ranges
United States Marine Corps
Camp Lejeune
Onslow County, NC
July 2008
INTRODUCTION
LSI VSE
AUG L 2 2008
REGuL;,jUHy
W1LM.FLD.0FC.
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) proposes to modernize the K-2 ranges at Marine Corps Base
Camp Lejeune (MCBCL), North Carolina. The 23 existing ranges are inadequate and outdated. The
objective is to transform these ranges into state-of-the-art, interactive training facilities that could be
used to readily meet Infantry Training and Readiness Manual (Marine Corps Order 3501.34)
requirements. Modernization of the K-2 Ranges would be accomplished in two phases. This Individual
Permit application applies only to Phase One of this project. Phase One involves the construction of
four ranges: 50 Lane BZO Range (P-1), M16 Static Range (P-2), M249 SAW Range (P-3), and M203
Training Practice Range (P-4). In addition, support facilities for these ranges will be constructed.
Total proposed permanent impacts for Phase One are 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 496 linear feet
of intermittent stream. In addition, 37.59 acres of 404 wetlands will be temporarily impacted during an
inspection for unexploded ordnance (UXO). The entire project area is located within the White Oak
River Basin and is 470 acres in size. Please note that much of the information from this Project
Narrative comes from the Environmental Assessment prepared for this project in March of 2005. This
EA received a Finding of No Significant Impact.
PURPOSE AND NEED
Modernization of the K-2 ranges is needed because the existing design of the ranges no longer meets
the demand for modern warfare, using present-day warfare methods. Current technology is available
for use on modernized ranges that would optimize training, reduce cost, and save time, and would also
minimize logistical support and provide very high accuracy ratings during qualifications training.
The proposed modernization is required for several reasons: to meet training requirements, to provide
automated target systems, to upgrade the road network, and to realign the surface danger zones (SDZs)
in order to minimize their footprint over areas of the New River. Currently, while certain ranges are in
1

use, other nearby ranges cannot be scheduled due to safety concerns of overlapping SDZs. The
realignment of the ranges and SDZs would resolve these scheduling conflicts and allow simultaneous
use of all ranges. These changes would allow a high throughput of personnel through the range
complex, thus less ranges would be needed. By modernizing the K-2 ranges to fulfill these
requirements, the USMC would provide the highest possible return on their training investment.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
The 470 -acre project area is located in Onslow County, approximately four miles east of Highway 17
along Rhodes Point Road (Figure 1).
Habitat
Topography at the K-2 Ranges is characterized by upland terraces, with the highest elevation at
about 22 m (75 ft) (Figure 2). The terraces are dissected by drainage slopes with the lowest
elevation at about 3 m (10 ft). The terraces are primarily composed of Baymeade and Onslow
soil series while the slopes are composed of Marvyn loamy fine sand grading to Muckalee loam
along the tributaries of the New River. The Bohicket series occurs along a tributary to Mill
Creek. Smaller inclusions of Leon, Pantego, Alpin, and Norfolk soils are also respresented in
the project area (Figure 3).
The landscape surrounding the K-2 ranges is characterized by pine savannas that are dissected
by drainage slopes. The hydrology of the savannas varies from dry-mesic to wet-mesic, which
influences vegetation composition. The savannas are dominated by loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
with several species of hardwoods including sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), southern red
oak (Quercus falcata), white oak (Q. alba), and red maple (Acer rubrum). The shrub layer
varies with wetness, but generally consists of wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), blue huckleberry
(Gaylussacia frondosa), and sparkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum). Groundcover species vary
with the degree of land disturbance and fire regimes but can include wiregrass (Aristida
stricta), bracken fern (Pteridium aquininum), and bluestem (Schizachyrium spp.), along with
more disturbance tolerant species like green briar (Smilax spp.) and broomsedge (Andropogon
virginicus). The drainage slopes are also dominated by loblolly pine with occurrences of
mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), white oak, beech (Fagus grandifolia), American holly
(Ilex opaca), and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera).
2

The most heavily used portions of the existing ranges are typically devoid of native
groundcover, may consist of turf -type grasses, or are graveled. Depending on the intensity of
current use, the K-2 impact area may support a variety of grasses and fortis or could be
dominated by lichens and mosses on bare soil. Only scattered and often stunted loblolly pines
or hardwoods persist down range from existing firing lines. The exact species composition of
the ranges cannot be field -verified because of the potential for UXO, but aerial photographs of
the region confirm the historic disturbance of the area (Figure 4).
While the Base's Forest Management Program staff conducts timber marketing at MCB Camp
Lejeune, the forest stands within the surface danger zones are not actively harvested or
regenerated, but are subject to fire fuels management. Merchantable timber is currently
harvested along the perimeter of the impact area. The Base contributes 40 percent of the net
proceeds from the sale of timber products to the Onslow County Schools System in accordance
with 10 US Code 2665.
In accordance with an agreement between MCBCL and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District (USACE) for the K-2 Ranges project, the approximate limits of wetlands
and other waters of the U.S. were determined by Geo -Marine Inc. (GMI) within the project area
without field survey due to the risk of unexploded ordnance (UXO). In lieu of the typical field
survey methods, a variety of remote sensing and mapping data were used in a geographical
information system (GIS) to support the determination of wetlands and other waters of the U.S.
As a result of comments generated during a pre -application meeting with representatives from
the USACE and the NC Division of Water Quality (DWQ), GMI provided an updated Wetland
Delineation and Stream Mapping Report to Wilmington District USACE in March of 2008.
- -Wilmington District USACE issued a Jurisdictional Determination letter dated 3131/08 -
approving the mapping of wetlands and other waters of the U.S. Utilizing the methods outlined
in the report, 205.7 wetland acres (43.5 percent of total project area) were identified in the K2
Ranges project area (Figure 5). Palustrine emergent wetlands were the most prevalent
comprising 165 acres, or 78 percent of the wetlands that were identified. Thirty-nine acres of
palustrine forested wetlands and 0.2 acre of palustrine scrub -shrub wetlands were also
identified. Finally, there were 8,401 linear feet of intermittent stream segments and 3,441
linear feet of perennial stream segments identified within the project area.
3

Water Resources
The presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the New River is limited with no
records of SAV north of the NC 172 bridge. South of the NC 172 bridge there are records of
eelgrass (Zostera spp.) within Traps Bay, but SAV is absent in Courthouse Bay and Mile
Hammock Bay (Rohde, July 2003).
While roughly one-half of the K-2 impact area is bordered by the New River, the surface
hydrology of the area is also influenced by four tributaries to the New River (Figure 2). An
unnamed tributary of Mill Creek is located in the western portion of the impact area.
Whitehurst Creek flows through the center of the site. Town Creek, situated to the north of
Rhodes Point Road, runs eastward along the northern project boundary. A fourth tributary,
locally referred to as Little Creek, drains the southeastern portion of the impact area with its
outflow located near Hickory Point.
The New River and its watershed are located entirely within Onslow County. The upper
reaches of the New River and its tributary streams are narrow with flowing freshwater. The
lower reaches are estuarine waters, which are wider, slow moving, poorly circulating, and
affected by tides. Within the tidal portions of the New River, water quality classifications range
from SA to SC. Within the New River estuary, all waters downstream from Grey Point to the
New River Inlet at the Atlantic Ocean are classified as SA, with the exception of two areas of
SC waters around the historic outfalls for the rifle range and the old Courthouse Bay
wastewater treatment plants.
An SC water classification is given to all tidal salt waters protected for secondary recreation
-- such as fishing, boating, and other activities involving minimal skin contact; fish and --
noncommercial shellfish consumption; aquatic life propagation and survival; and wildlife. An
SA water classification is given to tidal salt waters that are used for commercial shellfishing or
marketing purposes and are also protected for all Class SC and Class SB uses. All SA waters
are also High Quality Waters (HQW) by supplemental classification.
All waters draining to the New River north of Grey Point are considered Nutrient Sensitive
Waters (NSW). The NSW classification is a supplemental designation intended for waters
needing additional nutrient management due to their being subject to excessive growth of
0

microscopic or macroscopic vegetation. In general, management strategies for point and
nonpoint source pollution control require control of nutrients (nitrogen and/or phosphorus
usually) such that excessive growth of vegetation is reduced or prevented and there is no
increase in nutrients over target levels. Management strategies are site-specific. No specific
restrictions on development are involved.
The New River and several of its tributaries within the project area (Mill Creek, Town Creek,
and Whitehurst Creek) have the additional designation of High Quality Waters (HQW) and
Primary Nursery Areas (PNA). The High Quality Waters classification is a supplemental
designation intended to protect waters which are rated excellent based on biological and
physical/chemical characteristics through Division monitoring or special studies, primary
nursery areas designated by the Marine Fisheries Commission, and other functional nursery
areas designated by the Marine Fisheries Commission. Primary Nursery Areas, as defined by
the Marine Fisheries Commission, are those areas in the estuarine system where initial post -
larval development takes place. These areas are usually located in the uppermost sections of a
system where populations are uniformly very early juveniles. The Division of Marine Fisheries
is responsible for preserving, protecting and developing Primary Nursery Areas for
commercially important finfish and shellfish.
Federally Protected Species
Federally listed threatened and endangered species found at MCB Camp Lejeune are presented
in Table 1. The Base has an endangered species program that focuses on conservation and
protection of species and their management. No federally -listed species are known to occur in
the K-2 Ranges project area.
Table 1. Federally -listed species classified as endangered or threatened and known to occur in MCB
Camra Leieune. NC.
Common Name
Scientific Name
Status
Animals
American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis
T(S/A)
Loggerhead sea turtle
Caretta caretta
T
Green sea turtle
Chelonia mydas
T
Piping lover
Charadrius melodus
T
Bald eagle I
Haliaetus leucocephalus
BPGA
Red -cockaded woodpecker I
Picoides borealis
E
5

Common Name
Scientific Name
Status
Plants
Rou hleaf loosestrife
L simachia as erulae olia
E
Seabeach amaranth
Amaranthus pumilus
T
13
Status Definition
Endangered
A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range."
Threatened
A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range."
T(S/A)
Threatened due to similarity of appearance - a species that is threatened due to
similarity of appearance with other rare species and is listed for its protection.
FSC
Federal Species of Concern
BPGA
Species protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and Migratory Bird
Treaty Act.
The population of American alligators at MCB Camp Lejeune has been monitored since 1980
and appears to be stable or slightly increasing (USMC, November 2001). American alligators
likely inhabit Mill Creek, Whitehurst Creek, and their tributaries.
Both loggerhead and green sea turtles nest at Onslow Beach. Monitoring for sea turtle nests
began in 1979 and is ongoing to allow for the immediate protection of the nests. Piping plover
nests have not been detected at Onslow Beach, but suitable habitat is available for nesting and
overwinter foraging. Piping plovers have been seen on Onslow Beach during all seasons of the
year. As such, surveys for the piping plover are conducted for evidence of nesting behavior
(USMC, November 2001). Onslow Beach is over 6.8 miles from the K-2 ranges.
A bald eagle nest was first documented on Base in 2000 along the New River where it meets
Sneads Creek. Protective buffers have been established around the nest site with restrictions on
both ground and air -use activities (USMC, November 2001). This nest is over three miles from
the K-2 ranges. Although bald eagles have been sighted by boaters on the New River, no nests
have been documented on the western shore of the river.
There are 88 active red -cockaded woodpecker (RCW) clusters at MCB Camp Lejeune. A
Mission Compatible Red -Cockaded Woodpecker Management Plan (MCB Camp Lejeune, May
1999) was developed to manage and direct continuing RCW growth on the Base. A goal was
r9i

set in the RCW management plan to have 173 active clusters within seven management areas.
As such, the Base manages occupied suitable habitat, unoccupied suitable habitat, and
unoccupied potential habitat to reach this recovery goal of 173 active clusters. An active RCW
cluster is located over 0.5 mile from the project area. The foraging area for this group does not
extend into the project area, where foraging resources are generally inadequate.
Seabeach amaranth is present on Onslow Beach often growing between dunes and the high tide
line. Monitoring of amaranth is ongoing to prevent vehicles or pedestrians from harming this
plant. Onslow Beach is over 6.8 miles from the K-2 ranges.
Roughleaf loosestrife is present in specific habitat types on approximately 22 acres at MCB
Camp Lejeune. Roughleaf loosestrife is not known to occur within the project area, though two
small occurrences of potentially high probability habitat for the plant have been identified.
Actual surveys for the plant in these high probability areas cannot be safely conducted due to
UXO. MCB Camp Lejeune contacted the USFWS who concurred that the proposed project is
not likely to adversely affect roughleaf loosestrife populations. The closest known sites are over
2.5 miles from the K-2 ranges in the developed portion of the Base or in the Greater Sandy Run
Area.
Historic or Archaeological Resources
No historic structures are present within or adjacent to the K-2 ranges. Surveys for
archaeological resources (pedestrian and subsurface) have not been conducted within the K-2
impact area due to the hazards posed by UXO. However, investigations have been conducted
on the boundary of the SDZs at the K-2 ranges, where two archaeological sites have been
identified. One site wasrecordedand recommended not eligible for inclusion in the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP) because of extensive previous disturbance. Another site
was investigated during a shoreline survey, conducted by boat, and was recommended for
further NRHP evaluation. However, no ground disturbing activities are planned in the vicinity
of this site (Brewer, August 2004).
ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
The project requirements (criteria) that must be met for an alternative to be a reasonable option for
fulfilling the purpose and need for the proposed action are as follows:
7

1. The alternative must allow the USMC to fulfill these specific training requirements:
infantry training and readiness manual requirements, individual training standards,
mission performance standards, and mission essential task listing.
2. The realignment of the surface danger zones (SDZs) must allow simultaneous use of
all ranges.
3. The alternative must allow for the continued use of the ranges while modernization
efforts are underway.
4. The footprint of SDZs over the New River must be minimized.
The alternatives evaluated include a no -action alternative, one off-site alternative, one on-site
alternative, and the preferred project.
No -Action Alternative
Under the no -action alternative, the existing K-2 ranges would remain the same, without
modernization. Training at these ranges would continue to be conducted in accordance with
Range and Training Regulations, Standard Operating Procedure for Range Control. However,
this training would be conducted under conditions that have become inadequate over the years.
Taking no action to modernize the K-2 ranges means that the USMC would be unable to
accommodate new technology on these ranges, such as automated targets. This would further
impact the ability of the forces to "train as they fight." Infantry training and readiness manual
requirements, individual training standards, mission performance standards, and mission
essential task listing would not be met efficiently or to the fullest extent possible. Additionally,
readiness training and the availability of adequate resources to other US military branches and
to allies would continue to be limited. .
Without range realignment, the surface danger zones associated with the existing K-2 ranges
would continue to extend as far into the New River as they currently do. Safety for commercial
and recreational boaters on the river would not be improved. Furthermore, access to existing
targetry would continue to be difficult as the road network is in dire need of maintenance to
make the roads passable. Road maintenance is currently hindered by the presence of
unexploded ordnance (UXO) near the roads.

There are a large number of weapons that can be used at each of the existing K-2 ranges.
However, when some ranges are being used, other ranges are restricted from use because of
safety conflicts. Without consolidation into a lesser number of ranges, where each range is
dedicated to a particular weapon system, scheduling will not allow a higher throughput of
personnel at the range complex.
The No Action Alternative does not provide for the consolidation and modernization of the
existing K-2 ranges and cannot meet evaluation factors 1, 2, or 4. As such, it is not considered a
reasonable solution for satisfying the purpose and need for the proposed action.
Alternate Site
An important objective to modernizing the K-2 ranges is to realign the surface danger zones
and reduce the distance that they extend into the New River. One way to minimize the footprint
of surface danger zones over the river would be to move the existing range firing lines (line
from which ammunition is fired) north of Rhodes Point Road. This alternative would require
shifting Rhodes Point Road and an existing tank trail farther to the north. While this alternative
would meet evaluation factors 1, 2, and 4, it was dismissed because a northern shift to Rhodes
Point Road and the tank trail would cause considerable impacts to approximately 900 acres of
natural resources (e.g. wetlands, forested habitat, and protected species habitat).
On-site Alternative #1
The original project design that was prepared for Phase One of the K-2 Ranges project was
very similar to the preferred site design. However, the Range P4 — M203 Grenade Launcher
had a larger footprint that impacted the easternmost stream (Figure 6). Total proposed impacts
for this alternative were 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands and 912.5 linear feet of intermittent
stream.
On -Site Alternative #2: Preferred Proiect
During a pre -application meeting with representatives of the USACE and DWQ to discuss the
project, the above -referenced alternative (#1) was presented as the preferred site plan. Both the
USACE and DWQ requested that Range P4 be modified to reduce proposed stream impacts.
The USACE in Huntsville made the following changes to Range P4 in order to reduce impacts:
9

• Extended firing berm and firing lanes to the west in order to minimize impact of stream to
range firing lanes.
• Modified firing berm lighting to accommodate increase in length to firing berm.
• Moved Control Tower to be centered on firing berm.
0 Moved Ammo Breakdown building in order to maintain 15m separation from any range
support facility (closest facility = Control Tower).
Graded range operation and control area to accommodate buildings moved and increase in
length to firing berm.
Removed downrange grading that was done to re-route ditch and bring area above the
existing ditch up to grade in order to avoid environmental impacts on primary nursery area
(PNA).
The site plan that resulted from these revisions is now the preferred project and is discussed
below.
Modernization of the K-2 ranges would require the consolidation and realignment of the
existing K-2 ranges and the development of training facilities and automated targetry (Figure
7). The existing ranges would be realigned and re -numbered, and would become inactive.
Range development would be timed and coordinated so that the majority of existing ranges
could continue to be used during construction phases. For example, training at some of the
existing ranges would be temporarily rotated to other ranges while the upgraded ranges are
being constructed.
A description of the four proposed ranges within Phase One, along with some estimates of their
sizes, is provided below. Development of these ranges would include the construction of
support facilities.
P1 — Baffled Battle Site Zero (3 ac) — This baffled range would allow for 50 shooters along a
firing line to fire to a distance of 30 meters (32.8 yards). It would be outfitted with bullet traps
(Figure 8).
10

P2 — Service Rifle (40 ac) — This range for M16 and M4 rifles and shotguns would have 15
firing positions and automated targets ranging from 50 to 550 meters (55 to 601 yards) (Figure
9).
P3 — Squad Automatic Weapon (20 ac) — A range for M249 squad automatic weapons would
have automated targets ranging from 50 to 800 meters (55 to 875 yards) (Figure 10).
P4 — M203 Grenade Launcher (30 ac) — A range for M203 grenade launchers would have only
training practice (TP) ammunition authorized (Figure 11). Targets would be placed up to 400
meters (437 yards) from the firing line.
The proposed ranges would be realigned with their surface danger zones barely extending into
the New River. The location and alignment of these ranges is designed to avoid impacts to the
oyster beds located in Stone Bay.
Once appropriate permits have been obtained and coordination with MCB Camp Lejeune's
Environmental Management Department has occurred, unexploded ordnance (UXO) cleanup
and removal at the existing ranges would begin. Thorough surface and subsurface scans and
sweeps for UXO would be conducted in the areas as depicted on Figures 7 - 11. Cleanup and
removal of UXO would occur prior to the construction and modernization efforts. All UXO
would be disposed of in accordance with proper safety and disposal standards using certified
disposal methods. The subsurface investigations would require excavation to a depth of up to
3.3 feet. Once the sweep is complete, soils removed from wetlands would be restored to
preconstruction elevations. This UXO removal would allow for maintenance on the existing
road network, which is necessary to make the roads passable. Other range debris (e.g. old
armor, vehicle hulks, and scrap metal) would be removed and disposed of in accordance with
proper disposal procedures. Also, existing berms, targets, and other support systems would
need to be removed so that the ranges could be upgraded.
Modernizing the K-2 ranges would involve installation of automated target systems,
construction of firing pits and bunkers on firing lines, construction of concrete fighting
positions, and construction of bleachers. Targets would be installed and support buildings and
some mock buildings would be constructed. Vegetation would need to be cleared at many of
the upgraded ranges to maintain a line of sight to the targets. Some grading would be required
to level out existing contours in the down range areas. Berms, pits, and trenches would be
11

constructed at the realigned ranges. Wooden walls, building facades, and a rubble pile would be
built on some of the berms. Vehicle -firing pads (e.g. concrete or gravel pads) would also be
constructed on berms.
Support buildings include maintenance buildings, classrooms, restrooms, and ammunition
supply. Parking lots would be added or expanded. Lighting, fencing, and signs would be
installed. Some ranges would accommodate bivouac areas (areas used as a temporary base)
nearby. Some ranges would require the installation of obstacle course items: concertina wire,
walls, sewer/tunnel/subway system with manholes added, and other artificial and natural
barriers.
In addition to maintaining the existing road network at the K-2 ranges, new 10-12 foot wide
gravel roads would be constructed to provide access to each automated target array (Appendix
A). In an effort to minimize impacts to wetlands and streams, all ditch side slopes and road fill
slopes were designed by Huntsville Division USACE at 2:1 to decrease the footprint of these
features. A 125 -foot tall safety tower would be constructed to provide for observation of the
river as well as the K-2 ranges and smaller towers would be constructed at most of the
upgraded ranges.
The types of ammunition and weapons to be used at the realigned ranges would remain the
same as currently used at the existing K-2 ranges. Proposed utilization of the modernized K-2
ranges is expected to be about ten percent higher than current levels due to a higher throughput
of personnel, which would be possible with the consolidation and realignment. Also, a recently
reactivated Marine unit, the 4th Marine Expeditionary Brigade, Anti -terrorism Battalion, would
add to the proposed utilization from their training. In addition to the Marine personnel, other
military services, the US Coast Guard, allied nationals, and other authorized agency personnel
would train at the K-2 ranges. Once proposed range modernization is complete, ranges would
be maintained based on evolving training requirements. Additionally, items such as bullet traps
could be expected to be installed.
The proposed action meets all four evaluation factors listed above. The proposed consolidation
and modernization of the K-2 ranges would allow the USMC to fulfill infantry training and
readiness manual requirements, individual training standards, mission performance standards,
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and mission essential task listing. Realignment of ranges would allow for simultaneous use.
The UXO removal and construction efforts would be conducted in a manner that allows for the
continued use of the majority of existing ranges while modernization efforts are underway. As
a result, safety for commercial and recreational boaters on the river would be improved.
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
404/401 Jurisdictional Areas
Phase One of the K-2 Ranges project would permanently impact 14.47 acres of 404 wetlands
and 496 linear feet of intermittent stream (Figure 7; Table 2). In addition, 37.59 acres of 404
wetlands would be temporarily impacted during an inspection for UXO. Secondary impacts to
wetlands and water quality could occur during and after construction of the project through
erosion. Erosion impacts would be temporary and would be minimized by employing
applicable soil erosion and sedimentation control techniques at the construction sites. Best
management practices for vegetation management and land clearing would also be applied.
Table 2. List of permanent and temporary wetland and stream impacts within Phase One of the
K-2 Ranges nroiect.
Range
Wetland Impacts
(ac)
Stream Impacts
(LF)
Permanent Temporary
Pi
2.71 1.63
112
P2
5.58 14.12
384
P3
6.19 21.84
-
P4
- -
-
Total
14.47 37.59
496
Threatened and Endangered Species
The proposed project would have no effect on the bald eagle or American alligator. With over
three miles of separation between the known bald eagle's nest and the K-2 ranges, construction
would have no effect on eagle reproduction or foraging. Riparian habitats supporting the
American alligator would not be directly affected by the project.
While high probability habitat for roughleaf loosestrife is present in the project area, the
percentage of surveyed high -probability habitat that actually supports the endangered plant is
13

very low. The presence of hazards associated with UXO prevents personnel from surveying for
the plant within the boundaries of the project area. While subterranean UXO sweeps would be
conducted in the area of potential habitat, it would be unlikely that a targeted excavation would
affect individual roughleaf loosestrife plants. For these reasons, Camp Lejeune has determined
that implementation of the proposed action may affect, but is unlikely to adversely affect
roughleaf loosestrife. The Base initiated informal consultation with the USFWS regarding the
proposed action's effects on roughleaf loosestrife. The USFWS concurred with this
determination based upon the relative size of the area and low likelihood of plants being
present.
Foraging habitat of active RCW clusters would not be impacted by the proposed action.
Construction of the grenade complex and a new Rhodes Point Observation Tower would take
place within two RCW recruitment partitions. After clearing 39 acres for construction of the
grenade complex, the affected partition would retain over 200 acres of potential habitat.
Construction of an observation tower would require land clearing of less than one acre.
Additionally, the project would not result in forest fragmentation that would hinder eventual
occupation of the partitions. The retention of over 200 acres of contiguous, suitable habitat
satisfies criteria for recruitment partitions outlined in both Camp Lejeune's Integrated Natural
Resource Management Plan and the 2003 Revision of the Recovery Plan for the Red -Cockaded
Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) (USMC, November 2001; USFWS, January 2003). Tree
clearing within the K-2 impact area would not affect recruitment partitions. Therefore,
implementation of the proposed action would not affect active RCW clusters nor would it affect
Camp Lejeune's ability to reach its long-term cluster goal.
While construction would not directly affect any endangered species or their habitat, upon
completion, the projected use of the ranges would change noise levels and patterns. Evidenced
by their continuing use of nearby habitats despite noise levels fluctuations from variations in
operational tempo, the projected changes in noise levels is not expected to affect protected
species. The K-2 ranges and associated SDZs do not support suitable .or potential habitat for
any other protected species.
MITIGATION
A variety of mitigation measures has been developed to minimize potential environmental impacts.
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These include:
Construction effects would be controlled using standard management practices such as routine
sweeping and wetting to reduce air emissions.
If during construction and site grading any site of potential historical or archaeological
significance is encountered, the installation commander would be notified. The unit
commander would order actions in the vicinity halted and the area marked. The unit
commander would immediately notify the Base archaeologist at [phone].
• Best Management Practices (BMPs) would be used to avoid contamination of stormwater.
Mitigation plans would include both short-term (construction phase) and long-term (project
life) features to meet the requirements of the Base's Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan.
There will be a significant decrease in river area affected by surface danger zones.
The proposed action is fully consistent with applicable coastal zone management policies.
The Base will utilize credits from the Greater Sandy Run Area (GSRA) wetlands mitigation
bank to offset proposed wetland impacts. This bank is located within the base, approximately
seven miles west of the project site, and has bottomland hardwood credits available. Since the
proposed impacts will occur to degraded wetlands and because the mitigation site is located in
close proximity to the impact site, a 1:1 mitigation to impact ratio is proposed.
Significant revisions to the original site plan have occurred to minimize impacts to streams
within the project area. Proposed stream impacts would be to degraded, intermittent stream
habitat. Therefore, no compensatory stream mitigation is proposed.
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LIST OF FIGURES
Phase One Modernization of K-2 Ranges
United States Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune
Onslow County, NC
July 2008
Figure 1
Vicinity Map
Figure 2
Topographic Map
Figure 3
SCS Soils Map
Figure 4
Aerial Photograph
Figure 5
K2 Range Delineation
Figure 6
On -Site Alternative #1
Figure 7
On -Site Alternative #2: Preferred Project
Figure 8
Preferred Project: P1 Range
Figure 9
Preferred Project: P2 Range
Figure 10
Preferred Project: P3 Range
Figure 11
Preferred Project: P4 Range
Appendix A. Engineered Drawings of Proposed Ranges and Roads
Appendix B. Notification of Jurisdictional Determination