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Home My WebLink About20170522 Ver 1_670084 Archaeological AR15-04-0018NoSitesPresent_20170427Project Tracking No.:15-04-0018 NO NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES o� '��' �� ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES -�� , �ap� �`� PRESENT FORM ��, �' �� ! � {�-4.�� ' This form only pertains to ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this project. It is not '�„... .� ..;�: �,+� ��-,�`.�"`-¢-� valid for Historic Architecture and Landscapes. You must consult separately with the ��..,�a;� Historic Architecture and Landscapes Group. PROJECT INFORMATION Project No: N/A WBS No F.A. No. 17BP.7.R.95 N/A Federal Permit Required? County: ORANGE Document: Funding: � State ❑ Yes ❑ No Permit Type: N/A ❑ Federal Project Description: NCDOT Division 7 proposes to replace Bridge No. 84 on SR 1005 (Old Greensboro Road) over Collins Creek in Orange County. As defined by the NCDOT, the survey area (Area of Potential Effects [APE]) for archaeology measures approximately 1,056 feet (321.87 meters) long (centered on the mid-point of the existing bridge). The study corridar is approximately 100 feet (30.48 meters) wide, extending 50 feet (15.24 meters) on each side of the centerline of the roadway/bridge. For the purposes of this review, the APE is estimated to encompass an area of slightly more than 2.42 acres (approximately .98 hectare). SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS An archaeological survey and evaluation of the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 84 on SR 1005 (Old Greensboro Road) over Collins Creek was conducted on February 18 and 22, 2016 by Environmental Services, Inc. (ESI). As a result of the investigations, no archaeological sites were located within the projecYs APE. No further archaeological investigations are needed for this project. I concur with this recommendation as the proposed bridge replacement project will not impact significant archaeological resources. If the project expands and impacts subsurface areas beyond the defined APE, further archaeological consultations will be necessary. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Archaeology Group reviewed the subject project and determined: �� /1 � // There are no National Register listed or eligible ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present within the project's area of potential effects. (Attach any notes or documents as needed) No subsurface archaeological investigations were required for this project. Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources. Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources considered eligible for the National Register. All identified archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qua[ified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 1 of 17 Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions: See below. SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION See attached: � Map(s) ❑ Previous Survey Info Si�ned: � ^ NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST Project Tracking No.:15-04-OO18 ❑Correspondence March 22, 2016 Date "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qua[ified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 2of17 Project Tracking No.:15-04-OOIB Bridge 84 AR15-04-0018 ESI conducted an intensive archaeological survey for the replacement of Bridge No. 84 on SR 1005 (Old Greensboro Road) over Collins Creek in Orange County, North Carolina on February 18 and 22, 2016 (Figures 1 and 2). As defined by the NCDOT, the survey area (Area of Potential Effects [APE]) for archaeology measures approximately 1,056 feet (321.87 meters) long (centered on the mid-point of the existing bridge). The study corridor is approximately 100 feet (30.48 meters) wide, extending 50 feet (15.24 meters) on each side of the centerline of the roadway/bridge. Background Summary A map review and site file search conducted by NCDOT at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) on 23 Apri12015 revealed that no comprehensive archaeological survey of this bridge has been conducted, and no previously recorded sites have been documented within the project's APE; however, in his predictive model for the distribution of archaeological sites in Orange County, Randy Daniel (1994:95-97) indicated that the area within approximately one kilometer of Collins Creek (excluding bottomlands and the immediately bordering terraces/ridges) should be considered to have a high probability of containing prehistoric (and possibly historic) artifact scatters. A search of the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office online database (HPOWEB GIS Service) revealed no previously recorded historic architectural resources located within the APE that have the potential to yield intact archaeological deposits; however, the Durham Family cemetery (OR1121) is located approximately 150 feet (45.72 meters) north of Old Greensboro Road (Figure 3). This cemetery was recorded in 1976 as an approximately 50-x-50 foot area containing as many as 65 unmarked graves (Figures 4-6). A single remaining headstone marks the grave of Thomas M. Durham (1799-1845). The Durham family house (OR1122) is recorded approximately 1,500 feet (457.2 meters) to the east of the cemetery. Thomas Durham's wife Sarah Reeves Durham left a will recorded in November 1848 indicating that she wished for her estate to pay to "decently wall in the graveyard where my white family is buried on the place where I now reside [Reeves family cemetery and homeplace]" and to pay for the cost of a tombstone for her daughter Harriet A. Reeves (in the Reeves family cemetery) as well as "one other grave meaning the grave of Thomas M. Durham dec'd who is intered [sic] at a graveyard on Collin's Creek to be decently walled in and suitable tombstones attached to the same" (Orange County Will Book F, Pages 422-424). The Reeves family cemetery (containing the gaves of George Reeves, Sarah Reeves Durham's first husband, as well as Sarah's only two children Spencer and Harriet) is located approximately five miles east of the cemetery where the Thomas M. Durham grave is located. The similarity of the materials, lettering, and shape of the grave markers for both Thomas M. Durham and Harriet A. Reeves suggests that both were carved at the same time, possibly by the same stone mason (Figure 7). Sarah Reeves Durham, who died in 1848, does not have a headstone in either cemetery and her final interment location is unknown. Topographic maps, aerial photography, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil survey maps, and historic maps were examined for information on natural ar cultural factars that might have affected site locations or preservation. The 1918 soils map, 1938 County road map, and 1968 topographic quadrangle appear to show a similar general road alignment; no structures are shown within the APE on any of these maps (Figures 8-10). An examination of historic aerial photographs for the area indicate that the road was straightened between 1938 and 1955 (Figures 11-13). Both the old road alignment and bridge and new alignment are clearly visible on the 1955 aerial photograph, suggesting the road construction took place around that time. By 1975, the old road is overgrown. The Durham Family Cemetery is visible on the 1938, 1955, and 1975 aerial photographs as a small wooded area within a cleared agricultural field. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" farm for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 3of17 Project Tracking No.:15-04-OOIB Environmental Setting The APE is located within the Piedmont physiographic region and consists of the floodplain and adjacent terraces of Collins Creek. Old Greensboro Road (SR 1005) crosses Collins Creek roughly east to west. Collins Creek drains south-southeast into the Haw River. Map units (soil series) are named for the major soil or soils within the unit, but may have minor inclusions of other soils (NRCS 2014). The floodplain of the APE is mapped as Chewacla loam, a somewhat poorly drained, frequently flooded soil series (Table 1). The soils along the terraces on the west side of the bridge within the APE are mapped as well drained Georgeville or Herndon silt loam. The soils along the terraces on the east side of the bridge within the APE are mapped as well drained Tarrus silt loam, Georgeville silt loam, and Appling sandy loam. Soil Name Appling sandy loam Chewacla loam, freq. flooded Georgeville silt loam Herndon silt loam Tarrus silt loam Table 1: Project Area Soils. Code ApB Ch GeB HrB TaD Slope 2-6% 0-2% 2-6% 2-6% 8-15% Drainage Well Somewhat Poorly Well Well Well Landform Interfluves Floodplains Interfluves Interfluves Hillslopes on Ridges The current archaeological investigation included pedestrian (visual) inspection and shovel testing within the APE. Photographs of the project area are shown as Figures 14-21. A systematic visual inspection of the APE was undertaken to search for surface artifacts, above-ground resources, or other signs of cultural activity. A total of 30 shovel tests were excavated during the current investigation (see Figure 2 for shovel test locations). The APE was divided into four quadrants (e.g., northeast, southeast) based roughly on their locations relative to the bridge. Each quadrant of the APE is described below. Southeast Quadrant The southeast quadrant of the APE consisted of a relatively low-lying wooded area predominantly composed of wetlands and poorly drained soils (see Figures 14-15). Eight shovel tests were excavated in this quadrant of the APE (see Figure 2 for shovel test locations). Soils encountered during shovel testing in this portion of the project area consisted of 10 to 15 centimeters of brown silty loam over strong brown silty clay subsoil. Surface visibility was generally poor due to groundcover; a visual inspection of the southeast quadrant of the APE revealed no surface artifacts, structural remains, or other evidence of past human activity. Northeast Quadrant Most of the northeast quadrant of the project area was disturbed from a previous road alignment (see Figure 16). A set of concrete bridge abutments were also noted on the north side of the current bridge, just outside of the APE boundaries (see Figure 17). Seven shovel tests were excavated in this portion of the APE (STs 12-18) to coniirm the level of subsurface disturbance and erosion. Shovel tests typically encountered strong brown or yellowish red clay just below the leaf litter. No artifacts were recovered from any of the shovel tests. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" farm for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 4of17 Project Tracking No.:15-04-OOIB Southwest Quadrant The majority of the southwest quadrant of the APE was located in a grassy field, likely a former grazing pasture for livestock (see Figure 18). Nine shovel tests were excavated in this portion of the APE (see Figure 2 for shovel test locations). Soils in this portion of the APE were eroded; shovel testing typically encountered strong brown or red clay and rock just beneath the root mat. Surface visibility was generally poor due to grass cover; a visual inspection of the southwest quadrant of the APE revealed no surface artifacts, structural remains, or other evidence of past human activity. Northwest Quadrant Most of the northwest quadrant of the APE was located within the floodplain of Collins Creek (see Figure 19). Six shovel tests were excavated in this quadrant of the APE (see Figure 2). Shovel testing within the floodplain encountered wet soils. Shovel testing within the elevated portions of the APE close to the existing bridge encountered disturbed soils likely associated with the former road alignment. Gravel and mottled clay iill was recorded in STs 41-43. Large chunks of broken concrete and asphalt (remnants of the old road and bridge) were also observed in this area. An earthen berm (the remnants of the demolished former bridge abutment) was visible just north of the current bridge (see Figure 20). Excavated shovel tests measured 30 centimeters in diameter and were excavated to sterile subsoil, hydric/saturated soils, the water table, or 75 centimeters below surface (whichever was encountered first). All soils were excavated by natural levels (soil strata) and screened through a 0.25-inch hardware mesh. No artifacts were recovered from any of the shovel tests. Based on the results of the background research and field investigations, no archaeological resources are located within the APE for Bridge No. 84 in Orange County. The Durham Family Cemetery (OR1121) is located well outside of the APE and will not be affected by the proposed bridge replacernent. It is recommended that this project be allowed to proceed without concern for impacts to significant cultural resources. Should the boundary of the proposed APE be expanded or moved, additional archaeological investigations may be necessary, as determined in consultation with the NCDOT and/or SHPO per the Programmatic Agreement. 1:7 �l �l �I;i �1►[�.Y�_Y_1�-�117 Cemetery Census 2014 Orange County North Carolina Cemeteries. 124 Durham, Thomas M. Family Cemetery. http://cemeterycensus.com/nc/orn�/cem124.htm accessed 2 February 2016. 2015 Orange County North Carolina Cemeteries. 251 Reeves, George Family Cemetery. http://cemeterycensus.com/nc/orng/cem251.htm accessed 2 March 2016. Daniel, I. Randolph, Jr. 1994 An Archaeological Survey of Portions of Orange County, North Carolina. Research Report No. 12. Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. National Geographic Society/ESRI 2011 White Cross, NoYth Carolina. I-cubed Seamless USGS Quadrangle. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" farm for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. Sof17 Project Tracking No.:15-04-OOIB Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) 2014 Orange County, North Carolina Soil Survey. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture Web Soil Survey. http://websoilsurvey.nres.usda.� accessed 2 February 2016. North Carolina State Highway and Public Works Commission 1938 Orange County Highway Map. On file, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ncmaps/id/1711/rec/34 accessed 1 February 2016. Orange County Register of Deeds 1848 Will of Sarah Reeves Durham. Orange County Will Book F, pp. 422-424. 8 April 1847. Recorded November 1848. The Reeves Project (TRP) 2014 Reeves, Spencer Stuart. http://thereevesproject.org/data/tiki- index.php?pa�e=Reeves_Snencer_Stuart_3276. accessed 2 March 2016. United States Bureau of Soils: North Carolina Department of Agriculture 1918 Soil Map, North Carolina, Orange County Sheet. On file, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/ncmaps/id/313/rec/27 accessed 1 February 2016. United States Deparhnent of Agriculture (USDA) 1938 USDA Historic Aerial Photographs, Orange County, North Carolina. Digitized by University Libraries, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. http://www2.lib.unc.edu/reference/gis/LTSDA/oran�e 1938/index.html accessed 4 February 2016. 1955 USDA Historic Aerial Photographs, Orange County, North Carolina. Digitized by University Libraries, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. http://www2.lib.unc.edu/reference/�is/iJSDA/orange_1955/index.html accessed 4 February 2016. 1975 ZISDA Historic Aerial Photographs, Orange County, North Carolina. Digitized by University Libraries, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. http://www2.lib.unc.edu/reference/gis/USDA/orange_1975/index.html accessed 4 February 2016. United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1968 White Cross North, N.C., 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle map. Historical Topographic Map Collection. http://historicalmaps.arcgis.com/us� accessed 1 February 2016. "NO NATIONAL REGISTER ELIGIBLE OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES PRESENT" form for Minor Transportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. 6of17 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 ,�_� -- f ' •. —,��`, f N � , . , � ,.� � � ,� . � -, � ,�� : _� �f . �, �� . �'-��, �; . , ; , ., , � , � a 6. �-�-- . � �-:��.1 r ; :ti �, � ; � , �f ,. - ` . , .,. ` �i . � �� . . i�� , �. � j� F,.� �,'-��, • � � , _,,, ' ( +�i � . — �� ; _'� �'-� 1 i' ''- � f �� I �-. �`-',-r`;`�-.til::'' � '�'•�� `� ` ' � ; ' -...� �� ;� � "S ?' �� .. • �-� _ � � �;,� � ;u . � , . ... � � - � ' � . . �' - . � � �-E .(� _ ; �-- - - ., � � \ l " � 1 • ` • . - .\� i \� '/'� � 1 4 . rw�„'�� .�. �–.. - 'i ;�;, � ` � _ i f�-- . �- �: �.- � �.. . - .�.� � ., � � �, '', '-- `.. .��y' _ '`_�. i , ' ` • � J� �.t" V ' � ,�� '' : . �� "_ t�ti �,., , � .. . " l :" � � `� ~ � '� ` ! �� ^ ' � � J�� _ . � f � ` •.�� (� . (iranjt! �pe1� 1 f '� � . ` � , � , ; ,: �„ :�_� �� ,._ —.-' � � �-� �. 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''' " ,�h,� 3 �- • O � 1 : • � Feet ,. y�., � i, �`` So�orce� 2011 Natioraal Geo-graphic Socie[ylESRI, i-cubed _`� amless LJSGS ryua�irangles (White �Gr�s.s, IdCJ�, Pmject /� . � . d �' �� } t � y .�..; � E3oundary provided 6y NC�O7�. Pieldwork by E51. .^ / !' 1 "� �. f � - , ' o�,-caa�n�a�ThE��,f�m»nond�p�c+aaa��nrsnqu��stv� � ' � inlvr,nat i4a: pu�poe onlY an� w-ds iml oiepar an�l is na[ • � 4�ir;.ablelarslegalcreng�inee apur�,ucec GO fl h�. Figure 1. Project Location (White Cross, NC USGS 7.5-Minute Topographic Quadrangle) 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O�m[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 7 Of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 , �,� _ � _ . .'�s. �'� a"Y�� + � '�: . n.`� �r �',��'1E, ,� _ �,.jj � �� a O Project Boundary (APEI t I ' ,,. � � � �`.��. � ' , .��r � y. y • Shovel Test- Negative " . ° N '7+ , - ' • • C Shouel Test- Not Dug �" �;� . . •�� .�r' ] , _ ti .•y�j�. �r�J � . . � � 1r 0 75 1r,�. � _y �L� �'.}; .,�� , .T� ' � 'iI � � '! : 7. ' �� L J ' � * Feet �� '^� �� y_ f? r � ,� �� Source- ESR9 warid base layers P� ;�, -..1 L i '.- � ,� � '� . �! ,y�� , ." ; " �• �• x'•� pTavided by BVCC70T �j� � . .�' r',• �: °,�,,� ��, ;�;:, - ��'"f' `'�" .+ �"t„��" , `�idr_ _ �a `�"i O�i�l 121 +'Durh�rn [ �m_CGry) 1 f ❑ i m r e a Fl� � u r�„ i� U �� .D�b' �,� ''��j'�� . � �l-• .. � mm�,n i � o � i ,. 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'� � � 4's � ,,.� 'A� , ,,, ;;#�d�,. 3 - �,. +, ;[,' f � i � , J i —F' � . � r �f � f , '�Yy ,,�,. z � � � � . . , , � f^, .r r�Y; �1 . d �ia�.. .}�_ �( ' ' ° � �yk � �a_� - z� ��' ` � , � ' -, � s� ' f,y ,�-�,. ,:r,. �' , � � � t � I '�'' ,�.�, w.:�'y �t � �`�Y� +; • �? � � � : �' � t !� f r / i -��`� ! ^�?;P� � .� '� A.� �' � �� .' S� '� �� .i' �, ` �, � � L�' � �1 `. A�1 r ' .11f'i' � p,, p� .. ` 2i .'�' ��' ..� �r^•"' �: � i':.� h � 6 n _,�"✓' .u� � . . . t �.�`.�� :1 � �i a� 3�_ �' 7 i y ��..*M'".�• _ _'`�- ..� �,. ~y.,�r �� ,-f, �! .�•f ,• ��' +" � �� A ,��. �� z��.' i: �` . :,� -,;Y, �;.�,`� ; �,�� ,�� 9 T�( Figure 2. Bridge No. 84 APE and Shovel Test Locations 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O�m[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 8 Of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 Figure 3. Previously Recorded Durham Family Cemetery (HPOWeb GISSe�vice) Figure 4. Durham Family Cemetery (OR1121), facing Southeast. 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O�m[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 9 Of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 Figure 5. Grave of Thomas M. Durham (1799-1845), facing Southeast. . .. . . s :� $ � � ` � �� - ll _� j't' [ , cs .. � F � t.N � . . ; •�. �� v ��. � aF � Y� -�'�_ ItiR„+},i 's ", �4, � . _ r : � - �� 4W . � x ^t r'%' s.�f '. . _,�_ yi' � � �d� `�� ,a w�� r �` � ,,J � �/� MY .� � r �' � �� 5� � :YlI i . _� ` � �� f � . �-1�y �u // y� r, ' . . � $ `'� '�_ i � ,: 4:� r'�!�. t `� �l ��r�' � �'J S �'_. �� i,. �� ` A , , � 1 � .. �,�i, �r 5 4 J.. � , �� . ��I k. r� h .._,-�, �. 1'i � "�1 ^ �. � � L i � 1 i.. a'� 1.. .• '• �� 1 �"y ➢�s.�@.a- S � ` � �� - I(I {� �r +� i � � � � � �.�fl � : _�. �� _ � . �' _�F i �� I�_ ':, �":. � >` `' � ' , �,t r �h �r'-� f " �y� ,i , _ : Y.-._� �jr. , �� ,'� � r �: , 4 -��.�.s - . .. ��n"►� � �.p;,,b , �: '., , � ,� .,. � ,,�,,,. �� ,: , , � , , . . . _ - ` .�, � �; � . ��`� �w � ` ,� � ,►. � �.x �� _ � � �S _ s. _ a y it A r ."t. Y �- "I s- . 1 . -.� F �,.y�� T _ . _ � E� - u i[ {li Js� ..X '� .1Y..' �• - . _ y %4 ��..L h � ; a e` 't � � ! b� .ie '1" . ! r � �, �f 1-. � y_ � s: � 5 �`� d` r {�., d .,,¢y - A 5 c:::. S� '*- . a.y!�� 'i '�z r �vK ,st '.� R,z ...� _. . � � * s .:_ 'M� Y. '� .t.d '�s. c �- ; _ .�.' 4 :�� Za . �-� e$4, '-+U. �Y` � � r '.. . ,t ;�i, .' 2v,A'�� s4�,� ,s' c_�' e(.��,?F, � �^7, t. . -�vy �- c * � r � ..,,F �a, ,y. - � _�F .., �r-t c�, . . �Q... � S• �.; � , ti^ � . . C : .. �, i �,y x � „�,t � l, 1; � _� k t�.,, aa, ., ;, � 1 -._ � �z �' .., 'k �. '� ' y :� "s�.�} 4 �' `! " . � .a,,rH� "�� i'6� ' r.r�`t�J ' ',� r - A� F A ��'ML\�� +ti� � ..;�� . � `+� ; � � "°�,� '�"� ��.�"u'=�"�r' �} a: � � � � 3 . t 'Y_ �� f�£ r ��.ti A �' � . � ,'" w , 9 ,j�+ ,�, � `' �-'Qs'�' i � ' �.. n f � . - � � �, � �F ^ K•. - ,.,... y -5ae.� �,.�,--�:i � _�:._ ��--'�...-'l� �.�.,-�� z .aa.�.� ��.>. Figure 6. Durham Family Cemetery (ORll21), facing Southwest. 'NO NATfON,9L. RF.G/STER Fl./GIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S7TF,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 10 Of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 � _ ", _ ,,�, ' � � � � �` ��,�. w �� , � � ��_ � '�� '�, �,+� �� .. � � .��;��- � i � `��, "� `'� . ��;,:� ''*� - , �_ .. _ ��:' �3e' t „ .. � K y i ,� ` -'` � � .� ;. G _ � � - �� " � �` � � V � _ '� � � y� y . 1 . �� a . �'' £``�„ F �. ji ? ^ � � _ , �A .. �.. � � � . ,� � ��` .. � f ' 7 l�i�'r` �� wy�Tr, . v� �], d� . Y � f _ l��. . ��1�:�� .. '�- 7 .S" ,�� ?62s� .�:. �� _' . < �i��l� �� '`� � t � ��l:��r-��i nr ,ti r� �:µ �. �'�- r � � ,� i'f � �- � � x' iJ nj-� H f � R` �� .-��' � ...��• W� , �TP�.'4''� ��'.. \ f'� � � �: � �� -. • .. ♦-.. " Q'�.,�i .. _ . � �' . . T Y f � 'y 5 - _ C -� � '� _ • . � # 1� 7` �9 _ � .' r1 � � i: �'y � . . �` � - "� a*A 4� L._. 3 � � } {T7�'� r 4. ,.?!v .. � ^ � � � R��h �.. - _ , . �� TMr� c� � ��. I r � � r � �� r t r � u4 � J " -,..-p �,, . , ( . 1�,� � �, �:__ '� "�+ , il •. � — -� � ��a � ,� �i l�-�' [ �' r .-' �.� �,� �I � ,�`�p:!`"� y' � ``a: r�� _ � � � , f, h � �`{ � �..et :!i � f;s FR�� ..�-'t� . _ . �.. , .N�,v°^L � . �`... �` ?, � \ �. . �# A' i • �•, :"� r`: �"'�'� ,�` �� j��i ` �, �' ', i. c_� � $ 7�.. �.� `"" _ y�, s; x z -, �'� ��#�a.�� _ �';�� ,� b?�t�M � -'`#'"`", �'�r J :a"'� �"��'�'N�:.. y. F� ' ' s^�:°'.�R � . �� ' iF . , . ; ,- 4��,� � ,�, � , � � �+y� i ��' 1 �`�v � �-� �"�pr1`i'"'�..�L:ti�{.._=-y , ,, r ' '.;_ y - ,r r Ilti'.: ' ��rt..,��. 1 r ,i Figure 7. Markers for Thomas Durham (ieft) and Harriet Reeves (riglzt) source: cenzeterycensus.com Figure 8. 1918 Soils Map of Orange County 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as Q«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 11 of l7 z, . i�j. ;�• \�,. ' /y'. 7 ■ � \+ � ( • ��v� � �� • �� . Approximate Pro,ject Area .. •:a � s �_� � _�. .� � ' — -- � _�_ - ,t. , • • ° ..,\ _i. .... - 't _` � ♦ . B • e /. � � 1 • I �. � . � :� , , � . � '• . ,�� • . , — �_. • � �- --- - --- ,�' 1� Figure 9. 1938 Orange County Map Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 �� .' F �_, .. � , -�. : sz2 i. � ` J � , : _ I i: � , ��, . �,� �� \/ I, `� �. - , i i �� I � / �. � � , t� � - � /� ;r � . . � � � -.�.r��,: �`� ! ��I �/ ��.�\ ,1i� � ,� \ 4.JII.r" � �l � _ . / 1 �j�.r-�`+ , /� �'� __`� �.. f /�/ I /�'� � IDRi��:� �� . _ _ � � ' \/ + ._ �f,��i ] ".+, 1 �� `�,�1 j 4 �em ' '�� y � � .__l •11 M+ ' — ' , I � 14 � , Approximate Project Area , �, , :.� � �;� �,i��'f�----';; � t� � �' � �� f � � �� .. � � Figure 10. 1968 Topographic Quadrangle (White Cross, N.C.) 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 12 Of l7 Pr�ject Tracki�7�; N�.: IS-04-00/8 � Figure 11. 1938 Aerial Photograph , �;, .,�; � , . . , �� k �,.�: . - �� lj�.-f� �. �...�.... .� . ., r � �s, � �� . `�� yr d�y.'1C �'. �, - �. : - ., ai �ay,F �'� _''. ^[r. : Y :3 ��-� �.' � 5 1� Y L' �� ;� u � .. �,r,� �+� � �_ f -� y �:' A 7; �� ,/- �'� . Y� 'k . " . '4�'. P � � � � .'R�r� "taa.� F'� f�� 1 "c �.� � � V� � �. � � � � � � �p;� �� ,� Approximate Project rea�� + �;H�' '��" � �� w. A � ;.� , , �'��,�' �` _,��r . � F �•��= .,�`` �::` _ � y`, , N iak• � yv .. �, a � k R�,a.. . r}7 � � ��k. Figure 12. 1955 Ae�-ial Photograpb �" � . _ � �'�''+� ; •:,. � �� f..y� ��4{'�� yiv . : F� � "L 1 Y.. R .._ �w �� i � ��' �� F��;�`� \ � M.` � d p, .� �� "'�,�� V�es' ay ` � � d.`� �,�� . ,_ �� J ��y ' ti`� ,+.- ` `�': r ' ,��' � - +:1,r. � � �; Figure 13. 1975 Aerial Photograph 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 13 of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 Figure 14. Southeast Quadrant of APE, facing Southwest Figure l5. Southeast Quadrant of APC, facing Northeast 'NO NATfON,9L. RF.G/STER Fl./GIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S7TF,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 14 of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 Figure 16. Northeast Quadrant of APE, facing Southwest �/k;��V' ,�� i � i' ti � `` .,��`x-�^tr'+ ��j '!.' - . � '� `. '�� ` i� ��"P . '� .� ' � - � ,� ,�- ,� � 2 �.1 �,L , - � - �i � a , � � ; I"� r } ;, �i.t� wp k� -� � - 7 . � �� . o .� � � ,� �. � � � fi .�I � , t�,Y st� m � ` ��„�' '� _ ,�� i:�'� { � � 1 � , �'� �� 1 � � � ,� ` �r � ,�,� � +, '� E ��' - !., � ��, � �� i t - � . �r i �' .� '�, ..; �'; , , i' � '�` �'?`•,� fr* _, ( � �' �� ' r: :. _ , � } ( h � . �' ,,{ `� �� _�,,3 � 5 � �� ! ,T. ' '-11 �n •., �b� r� f:l 1 ' ` � '. � 1�. . . �I�1�1 P�� T�.._3 � _r � 4t'�'h1� t � �� ' h � � ~_ .x L r ,_ *£+ .�.� P�-• ^�� y`,' � �-+.. ,{5: .. - � U �.'.` \ :.- ; -: n y �'. ,� �c.�. t d , i! ]r +��' t.. ,1� � � � ; k . , ' � '§ i, a^ _ , W �. . � �_ . . � _ _ t ."�_ .:- I y��;• � t �,a r . .- <» �.'�` _ ,.+`t . . .+�.' � , -. . . � . � .1- }:;#`�. +� r i f °�c p-�. � _,•-t .A�!fer � - c�.��-�- . �" �, i� � :-n y e � -' .� '. F_ � �, ..'.s�- , _ -�"� . ��, �'- , r �,: ,,� } ` . '' � Ir :� �"a'-✓� ++�.- �/.�� i��c. R ' Y b . "� �� '-�. _y� � . , �.. .ri�ih� . �ns� cs- ^�sr�.. . . . .. �tJr".. %'�J_. -�.�:Cj i� . �._� �.% � �� =��._�-- —_. - �w°y ,:�. i' : �' `�y Figure 17. View of T'ormer Location of Bridge No. 84 (Located North of Current Bridge), facing Northeast 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 15 Of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 : ;a� �Z'� , y,� ,�. �-�ia }, 4 Q'` " F i��` `=;� � _�. i ��.v;� , �Y 2 ', ;;' , � � ,,E�� -� —=.+� f r� * , �,:y' . �'.�_ - . �' ` ' � �, ,, �` ¢ ;,. �I 1 ,�� , �� , � � � �, , � ,fi , . _ �-:? r��.� �. - ^Z � x,�� +`;�� `�� i. ,,. . . ' . - .. . #`k�� _ ' t xs ��, �-�t ! � � 1 ' s . .. .. . dr�' FtS.� a�-�- ,e r4� ., �3 a �.`I . Y J �'� '.. �y, S� � �.� ~ �' �� .,, `�� . �;'� Y_.. y, �� ' _ . t�i'�J � .�� Y � fl . f ; '�T� r �� i �� ;�- _: �� . ' \" �' �A �% ., `#�[�G� 1 � '*fi� '�y�� d,� k 7�� tl ��r. �X �� 7 �l .� � '��; �• ��n iM° � . . �`i�,� ,�M•�,�`� �.�'s�'4 r. A.�. E_�.wf[�a�.r .a _a�vl�.' ..5iei..0 �. �i�, �, •�'� -"' '.�t;e � ;4t� . Fs?k��- S�Y Figure 18. Southwest Quadrant of APE, West Figure 19. Northwest Quadrant of APE, i'acinb North 'NO NATfON,9L. RF.G/STER Fl./GIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S7TF,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 16 of l7 Prroject T��acki�zg No.: IS-04-00/8 Figure 20. View of Former Location of Bridge No. 84 (Located North of Current Bridge), facing Southeast � w � V �� ,,� � , Z • �Y � ' ��1V . � � `�� 1 1�.. a �� l . �' _ - ' m ;� _ - � d � � � - �� b H:;rM9 � '�; _ _ v . .�' � , " a� - . ,kd. .T`�` - � .x .` . —:_ i . 4 � �e '�"k,.��' Y r . � - � � �?�' � . _ . '� ��R�.� - �'..`� � �_:. . xu ��s-- � � t. � � - f '��j�' ;�. "'"`� J M� n l i �F a. ��r �,� ��r �KR:' �;� :.,,f , ' �� ` -'.� �� ,�,dn��,�� `� , �r u �� ''�p ' z� , ,a 's` +'v �� ,�� . �r�C j � �' � �+� ' !' � , � � }�^ + M1 r ' y�� 4...♦ �,i . *�� '. ��.^ � `V'� a � � �. � �� ;�: - �� ' ( �� , r� � �� t -*:� „�;�". �` ' q :': �� ,� .�'"� s+c�"°._.. � v�_� . ., t �de �j�4�a `F rj^7 j�,�� i4 � i n � �. .;:� �I ,rd:�.��i��l� ; ��`I��Mn, �'. �#i Figure 21. Bridge No. 84, facing Northeast 'NO NATfONAL RF.GISTER Fl.IGIBLF OR LISTED .9RCHAF,OLOGICAI, S17P,S PRESENT" %orn�i /or� Nlirvar• Ti�arispa��atioiv R�ojects as O«a[ified iri (/ie 1007 Progr�amn�atic Agreei�iera�. 17 of l7