NC0024406_Bewels Lake Recovery Status Report_19890614

Duke Power Coutpuny [phone]
Fossil Production Depurtmeat
P 0. Box 3318.9
422 South Chur h Sir ret
Charlotte, X G 28242
:( DKPOWER ,fin-;
June 14, 1989 -JUN 16
Mr. Steve W. Tedder Sew.
North Carolina Department of Natural
Resources & Community Development
Division of Environmental Management
P. 0. Box 27687
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611
Subject: Belews Lake Recovery Status Report - 1988
File: BC. -702.40
Dear Mr. Tedder:
Last summer, Duke Power updated your Department on the status of Belews Lake
two years following the termination of ash basin input to the lake. This was
accomplished by submitting a report summarizing chemical and biological data
collected on the lake from 1984-87..
The enclosed status report updates last year's report with data collected
during 1988. The report concludes that "Belews Lake is gradually recovering
from the perturbation caused by the original ash basin discharge to the lake.
During 1988, selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) concentrations in the water column
remained at or below their analytical detection limits..."
Should you have questions or wish to discuss.these data, please contact me at
[phone].
Very truly yours ,
Richard S. Crowell
Fossil,Environmental Compliance
RSC:mp
Enclosure
cc: w/enclosure
M. Steven Mauney

� � 3
B a I a w s Lake is gradually recovefing from the perturbation
caused by the original ash basin discharge to the lake -
During 1.988, ,selenium (Se) and arsenic CAs) concentrations
in the water column, remained at or below their analytical
detection limits of 2-0 ug/L and 1.0 ug/L, respectively.
f h e concentration of selenium (Se) in the lake sediment has
changed less noticeably over the last three years, however,
concentrations appear to be -decreasing in the shallow
locations and increasing in the deep locations. The
concentration.of Se in some invertebrates (particularly,
plankton and Cor.bicula) in 1987 and 19'88 was significantly
less than that of .three Yeats ago. In 1988, invertebrates
from the lower, main -lake area continued to contain elevated
Se compared to organisms from the up -lake area. Mean Se
concentrations (3.9 to 12.0 ug/g) in fish collected from the
main -lake area continued to decline in 1988, while As
concentrations in fish remained at or below t h a detection
limit CO -05 ug/g). The concentration of Se in fish
continued to be elevated in transition and main -lake areas
compared to the up -lake area. '-The-distribution and
taxonomic composition of the adult fish community has
changed little over three years. Larval fish collections
again confirmed successful reproduction in shad, minnows,
and sunfish in the transition and main - lake areas during
1988. Young -of -year t h r e a d f i n shad, catfish, and sunfish
have been collected from the main -lake with cove rotenone
for the last three years.
Water and sediment chemistry, invertebrate, and fish data
collected from Belews during 1988 are provid•ed'with some
interpretation following,.
Water and Sediment Chemistry (C. W. Harden)
In 1988, Belews Lake was sampled in February, May, August, and November
for water quality. Sedimen.t samples were also collected in May. Sample
locations are shown in Figure 1. The sediment Locations (A -D) have been
assigned permanent location numbers: A - 423.3, B - 417.2, C - 422.0,
and D - 417.1. No changes were made in the sampling regime in 1988.
Selenium (Se) concentrations in the water column have reached the
detection limit ( 2.0 ug•1-1) in almost all samples collected in 1988 at
all locations (Figure 2). Since 1984, the concentration of Se has
declined by more than a half in the main body of Belews Lake. Arsenic
(As) concentrations (Figure 3) have followed a similar pattern, with
essentially -all samples at the detection limit ( 1 ug -1-1) in 1988.
Other water chemistry parameters measured in 1988 generally were
comparable to those parameters measured in the two previous periods in
Belews Lake (Table 1)- The average concentrations or values of most
parameters for 1988 were within the range for both the period before and
after the diversion of the BCSS ash basin. The exceptions were
temperature, which reached higher maximums in 1988, and.cAlcium (Ca)
concentrations which like selenium and arsenic declined in the main -lake
during 1988. Without the input of calcium -rich waters from the ash
basin, calcium concentrations in the lake have continued to decrease.

Selenium concentrations in the fine-suspendable sediments of Belews Lake
declined at the shallower locations in 1988, but increased slightly at
the deeper locations (Figure 4). Arsenic concentrations in the
fine-suspendable sediments increased at four of the locations of Belews
Lake (Figure 5). The increase was especially large for the deep
main -lake Location 422.0. Arsenic was unchanged at the up -lake location
and decreased at Location 417.1. These increases may be due to movement
of Se and As toward deeper water, or possibly to sample and analytical
error. Over the three year period, Se concentrations particularly, have
decreased in the fine-suspendable sediments_
Invertebrates (T. J. Wilda)
Selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) .concentrations in invertebrates collected
from Belews Lake in May and September 1988 are depicted in Table 2.
ANOVA results indicated, Se concentrations in Diptera and Ephemeroptera
were not significantly different among locations or years (Table 3).
Concentrations in Corbicula and plankton were lower after cessation of
the ash basin discharge to the lake (Table 4), although those in 1988
were higher than the 1987 values. Levels were always lowest at the
uplake location (405.0), and for Corbicula and Odonata levels generally
increased at downlake locations.
Arsenic concentrations for plankton (the only group which showed
significant differences (Table 5)) 'did not exhibit any apparent
relationship to the rerouting of ash basin effluent. Concentrations
were lowest at the uplake location, but not significantly different than
the farthest downlake location (Table 6). Mean levels ;n ;wc post—
rerouting years were statistically similar to those in 1985.
Fish (R. E. Lewis)
Adult fish were collected with cove rotenone in July and with
electrofishing and trap nets in June and October during 1988. Larval
fish were collected with push nets during May and June 1988. Whole
threadfin shad and muscle tissue of catfish and bluegill were collected
in June and October, and green sunfish were collected in October during
1988 for elemental analyses. The same locations sampled and.methods
used during 1987 (Duke Power Company 1988; Figure 1) were repeated in
1988.'
Positive signs that the Belews Lake fishery is beginning to recover were
noted in 1988, although,;`no major changes in distribution and taxonomic
composition of the adult fish community occurred. Mean selenium
concentrations in fish collected from the main -lake locations in 1988
were lower than concentrations in 1986 and 1987, while reduction of
concentrations in fish at uplake and transition locations was not as
evident (Table 7). Selenium concentrations in fish at main -lake and
transition locations remained higher than concentrations at the uplake
location, as in past years. Selenium concentrations in catfish and
bluegill muscle were not significantly different among years, but were
significantly different among locations (Table 8). Arsenic
concentrations in fish were at or below the detection limit (0.05
ug•g--'). Similar results were noted during 1986 and 1987 (Duke Power
Company 1988). Arsenic concentrations in fish are not of maior concern
at Belews Lake.

Green sunfish continued to dominate the catch in cove rotenone,
electrofishing, and trap net samples at transition and main-lake
locations (Tables 9, 10, and 11). As noted in the previous summary
report, the dominance of green sunfish a: these locations appears
related to the reduction of selenium concentrations in plankton and
benthic macroinvertebrates (a major food of sunfish), the tolerance of
green sunfish to accumulation of selenium in their tissues, and the
absence of other sunfish competitors or predators less tolerant of
selenium. ;'A diverse fish community remains at uplake Location 405 0.`
and is a source for continual repopulation of the main-lake area of
Belews Lake.
Successful reproduction of selected fish taxa continued to occur at
transition and main -lake locations of Belews Lake during 1988 (Table
12)_ Larval shad, minnows, and sunfish were collected lake -wide in
1988. Young -of -year of threadfin shad, catfish, and sunfish have been
collected at main -lake locations with cove rotenone for the last three
years. One Y -O -Y largemouth bass was collected with cove rotenone at
each main -lake location during July 1988. This was the first occurrence
of Y -O -Y largemouth bass at Location 418.1, since 1976. The number of
Y -O -Y and adult largemouth bass collected at transition and main -lake
locations remains well below the number collected at uplake Location
405.1 (Table 13).
LITERATURE CITED
Duke Power Company. Characterization of water chemistry and
biota of Belews Lake two years after installation of a
dry fly -ash collection system at Belews Creek Steam
Station. Duke Power Company Production Environmental
Services Research Report PES/88-09. 57p. 1988.

Figure 1. ©elews Lake monitoring locations in 1988 (Up -lake -
4 0 5
Up—lake:405 0, 405.1; Transition: 4 1 9 . 1 , 4 1 9 . 2 , 4 1 9 . 3 , 419.4;
Main -lake: 410-0, 410.2, 416.0, 4 1 8 . 0 , 4 1 8 . 1 , 418.3,
4 1 8 . 5 , 417.1, 417.2, 427.0, 423.3.)
i
NC ooZyYo� -
auTPA�t oo3-A

40
E
0
a�
20 r r
0 405.0 r
r
r
10
f r
0 1 Z 3 4 5 6 1 g
Selenium
Figure 2. Mean annual selenium (Se) concentrations by depth in Belews
Lake.Tie reference lines indicate the detection limit for Se
(2 µg'1 ) and 1the water quality criteria for Se in fresh
water (5 µg•1 )
Iia i n—Lake

blain—Lake
20
0
10
3
Arsenic (q l
Figure 3. Mean annual arsenic (As) concentrations by depth in Belews
Lake. The_feference lines indicafe the detection limits for
As (2 pg -1 before 1986, 1 Pg -1 after 1985).Tte water
quality criteria for As in fresh water is 50 jig •1 .

20C
150
100
50
0
im 1 (m 2m 2m bm 30m
Uptake Transition Main -Lake
Location.
Figure 4. Seleniym (Se) concentrations in Belews Lake fine-suspendable sediments
(118.8 ; X - May 1986; 0 - May 1.987; + - May 1988) .

250-
200
150
CO 100
Q
50
0
X
X +
- X
+ X +
O+ X +
+ H °
O + X
X
g
x � o
---T45. 0 41 .. 3 4 3, 3 4 7. 1 4 7. 2 --�
5m 17m 2m 2m bm 4 2.0
Up lake Tra " t � 30m
nsi ion Main -Lake
Location in
5. Arsen_j (As) concentrations ;n Belews Lake fine-suspendable sediments
(t�g•8 ; X - May 1986; 0 - May 1987; + - May 1988).

Table 1. Water chemistry of Belews
and Before (2/84-7/85) the
Lake, comparing 1988 data
with data
from the periods
After
1988
-are annual
closing off
means except for temperature
of.'the BCSS
ash -basin
discharge to
(8/85-11/87)
BeleWS- Lake. Data for
NS
indicates not sampled.
and
DO
which are
ranges, as
are all prior
year data.
Locations:
Up -Lake
405.0
Transition
419.2 419.3
Main -lake
Temp
88
410.0
416.0
418.0
418.5
418.3
°C
A
5.0 29.6
5.1 29.7
5.3 31.0
5.7 29.9
10.2 33.7
9.5 31.3
9.7 36.4
9.4
9.8 32.1
10.1 32.0
12.1 31.8'
10.0 30.5
B
2.8 27.2
3.8 28.4
7.6 31.1
33.5
7.8 33.1
9.3 29.9
7.7 29.8
9.8 30.1
10.2 30.3
4.6 29.2
DO 1
88
0.9 11.5
3.4 11.0
0.1 9.6
0.1
7.8 29.6
8.1 29.6
3.0 27.1
mg•1
A
B
0.0 11.6
0.0 11.3
0.0 9.9
9.7
0.1 10.1
3.9 9.9
1.9 10.7
3.5 9.8
6.7 9.8
7.7 9.9
0.0 12.4
0.0 12.3
0.0 10.5
0.8 10.5
2.5 10.8
0.4 10.3
1.3 10.8
6.2 10.5
7.0 12.3
Cond _1
88
89
95
101
7.0 10.8
7.8 13.3
[IS -cm
A
B
54 92
48 122
66 126
101
80 130
101
96 126
42 86
61 110
80 158
94 160
1.10 160
9602124
112 171
9405142
9603200
pH
88
7.2
7.0
6.9
111 267
188 450 `
A
B
5.8 7.8
6.1 7.7
5.7 7.3
6.1 7.5
5.6 7.3
6.8
5.4 7.7
7.1
5.8 7.3
7.0
5.6 7.3
7.7.
6.4 27.4
17.3
6.0 7.2
6.1 7.2
6.0 7.3
6.2 7.3
6.5 7.4
6.4
5.0
Alk _1
µeq•1
88
A
3.18
180 360
NS
NS
204
186
7.0
B
260 420
NS
NS
NS
NS�
140 320
160 320
140 220
14084220
14085200
16050260
Turb
88
160 300
16.0 300
160 280
20 180
NTU
A
10
1 96
NS
NS
NS
1 76 2.8
1.3
B
3 110
NS
NS
1 76
i 2
11.2 11
11.2 11
11.8 8
Ca _1
mg•l
88
A
5.6
3.7 6.1
NS
NS
6.4
6.3
1 6
1 2
1 4
B
4.4 4.6
NS
NS
NS
NS'
7.6 11
9.4 14
6.7 12
7.7 11
6.6 13
6.7 18
9.4 14
9.6 11
9.8 10
33 33
As _1
µg•1
88
A <
1.0
1.0 2.0 <
1.0
1.0 3.4
1.0
< 1.0 2.5 <
1.0
1.0 2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
B
1.6 3.9 <
1.0 3.9
< 1.0 7.7 <
1.4 3.5
<
<
1.0 3.7
1.4 6.3.
< 1.0 2.0
< 1.0 2.0 <
1.0 7.5
Cd
88
0.12
< 1.4 3.9
< 1.4 5.8
4.1 8.5
_1
A <
0.1 0.2
NS
NS
NS
NS <
0.15
0.1 0.4
<
0.19
0.1 0.5
0.17
0.µg•1
10
0.
10.
B <
0.1 0.2
NS
NS �:
0.1 0.7 �<
0.1 0.5
< 0.1 0.9
< 0.1 0.2
< 0.1 <
O.T 2
Cu
88
2.2
< 0.1 0.6
0.3
.2 2.0
_1
µg•1
A <
1.0 4.2
NS
NS
NS
NS <
1.8
1.0 6.1
2.2
2.4
1.9
3.3
B <
1.8 2.8
NS
NS
1.2 4.5
<
1.0 13
1.2 25
< 1.0 13
1.3 2.4
< 1.0 5.3 <
1.0 4.9
< 1.8 5.2 <
1.8 52

Table
1. Continued. NS
indicates not
sampled.
Lake
Transition
Locations;
405.0
419.2
419.3
410.0
416.0
Main -lake
418.0
418.5
418.3
µg•1-1
A8
< 2.0 05.3
< 2.0 27.2 <
2.0 03.3
2.1
< 2.0 3.6
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
B
< 2.0 2.8
< 2.0 4.0 <
2.0 4.5
< 2.8 5.3
< 2.0 4.2
< 2.8 7.8
< 2.0 4.7
< 2.0 7.4
< 2.0
3.3 6.6
3.7 20
19 97
Zn _1
µg•1
88
4.4
1.2 59.5
NS
NS
NS
NS
8.1
7.9
10
19
9.
B
1.3
NS
NS
< 0.5 42
< 1.2 14
< 0.5 73
0.5 42
< 0.5 72
< 0.5 42
< 1.2 21
1.3 9.8
1.2 19
7.6 61
NH3 _1
µg•1
88
B
50
20
166
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
51
50
NS
NS
< 20
NS
NS
NS
NS
< 10 120
< 1.0 100
NS
NS
< 20 60
36 - 240
NS
NS
NO3 _1
µg•1
88
B
50
< li0
NS
NS
NS
NS
150
130
NS
i0
1 5
NS
NS
NS
NS
49 240
24 160
70 220
22
NS
NS -_
ml -1
88
4.1
NS
NS
130
NS
NS
g•l
NS
NS
NS
4.3
3.7 4.9
4.3
NS
NS
B
2.5 2.8
NS
NS
NS
3.4 4.4
4.0 5.0
3.7 4.5
NS
NS
OPO4_1
88
< 10
NS
NS
NS
< 10
NS
NS
µg•1
A
B
< 5 44
5 8
NS
NS'
NS
< 5 10
< 10
< 5 9
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS.
< 5 20
5 6.
NS
NS
NS
TP µg'1_1
A8
1616
58
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
18
< 15
NS
NS
NS
B
26 29
NS
NS
NS
NS
< 5 17
< 5 9
< 5 15
NS
NS
< 9 9
NS
NS
SO4 _1
mg•1
88
A
16
7.8 23'
NS
NS
NS
NS
25
26
25
25
B
9.0 28
NS
NS
22 36
20 40
24 39
30 40
24 37
24 41
2525
62
30 41
30 71
100 150
Si _1
mg -1
88
A
5.0
4.6 5.7
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
4.9
4.9
4'8
B
5.9 6.7
NS
NS
NS
N5
4.4 5.4
2.8 4.7
4.4 5.4
4.2
NS
NS
4.4 5.2
TOC _1
88
2.6
NS
4.3
NS
4,7 4.7
mg -1
A
3.3 7.3
NS
NS
NS
2.3
2.2 5.3
2.3
1.7 5.1
2.2
1.9
NS
NS
B
2.8 6.6
NS
NS
2.8 5.0
2.7 3.8
4.8
2.5 4.0
�N''S
NS
NS

CD
C-+
(D -f-
(D
C)
O
E3
C+
3
C
Z
-0.04 4 4 -4,00 0 LRUltlILII/ tALR JkR4AV1t UUptnLgL 11l1LMALAtlIlly/tn0LAti1~Ln4ALntALAViVltJ1111uhAlJ UM =
r
o
cccccA-'4c :cc4 c AstQ3rctccccr.:cccc�V:it- cccu.rcccccccrcccccc n
00 0 0 00 00 000 0000 0 0 •�w•+a^e+rrr++r+a'y ►+r•+rrrr•-+rrrrrrrr�•-�•-6--, r -•
JI LnLIjm,L IIALIIIIL:L LnuriLIVII:•O.00 OO.D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0�0 0000000000700Ooa)ODam070oam "
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • 4: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • a • • • • • • • • • t • • • • • Ci
O000oo00COP 0000000OIW11AiA1NNt17lUNNWWWt.IWWWWW4+000000000000000C=O o z
omm.oOnnoommlDar)n-u-uoo rrvovcx)Z7voommooc3c)-m-umm Qmo-a-uccmrrloQc)-U- .4
o-v•o.."0000M'o" 0orr'o0M-0".aCar- rvvvv1-•F-•o0rr--U'U oCar- rov-v1- 0f -r n
amm-ummm00mmmmxxit- D00xM-M m mx1:..DQ0mmmmmm)>r.mmm-DmmDDCO=2-u-VmDD X
zrrirn-A--4waz'zmm-4-4IpQ]zZzzzm m-i-1WcD2Zzzi'nrn--4-4oDODZZRIm•-4-1ODmzzzzmM-•i-4cDzZ O
D3 DD:Kxmrv*--;Kx Z
-4mm,x Von -t-4 -4-4mm7DMnn-4-4MMMMnn- -4-4-1'f't MMXn-4-
1>xXDDCC]>]>M13>DCCCODDCCCiomXDDCC00'>X.. 7:7DDCCo
00 r -r- 00 rrzz oo r-r-zz 0o rrzzoo rr-zz oo r-zz
u -u Dp -D-u DD 'u-0 i}D -U-0 DD 'O -V DD -0-0 D
-4--4 -4-.-4 -4-4 --4-4 -A-4
r*im Mm m(r• rrnrn mM
;13M )0;
X.')> D D »► D D D D D D
m
m
f-N�-N+-�N►►NDN«�N�N«�N«�N*•NWU+-•if,J.N►�N►�N►�N►'�V�N►•N�--N�N�N�IVNF--N«-�N+-'V
r
J= W Wrrr r O N O cf VO O O O W Wj� i=ce N NOO IAJfUO SIO W W+�O O Ul i Q l!I LIU -�-` U107 W ll1 W �I L r �-
-l'c�IO.OQDtt:CWRiCO-I-ICOW�N-IN+-ru—U!W*-'O u)
�cNY►�WNOo00NC+WW O�+NN�^r1iKA0"+sOD��+Q WONO`lllfUO`.icOoNO OQOQ 0 00�N�JR•.t•l O Oo M
OJOO.7'J7��JJOD•NOVO.'7OOOA���:O�JO�OOJOOOrrJOJC7a0.••.�•►•-�GOCJ0�7000
•• a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '• • • • • • • •• • • • • •
000MLn0000.00pW0000.0000vV0000000�1.0000QfN—NO''DOJOO.000 D
NM\)rVNNNCOO'OoW0)Oo0o0- C)DODODODODOomOo,!\;fiCD0o0DMODODO)0oWfV-1.FmOo0o0oOo-401+-Co0o0oOoQDWCWO' (A
0 w L/) --i
-i) =3 (D a
w -C7 .
-� —KD J
= fD
V) --
4A - j' N
cn
c+'
O 0-
z C
(a OW
(M U)
-� Gu (D
I'D ==3 .
CO ter.
00 () 0
N n
O O
0C)
-(D
(D J=
N (D C+
0-5
Di C+ n,
((D p:
O
-5 yr
O
E3 =-g
a
ao(D
(D c-+
O C13
(D -s
E 3
(n�.
a a.
70 77
(D (D Q
(n
:3,m (C)
-S ,.O (D
a (A c
D -a c-+ -'
"5
O O O
(L]
N W N
d d n
=3 z c -F
-0 n
(D
A) c+
�C-+-
E (D O
(D ::5
c -h N
(D 1
(D

MN
4-
O
N
4J
ro
CL
N
co
OD
o�
u
d
w
r
++k* t ***'r -k **4'4*+fit ��'r*��
NOMI--=(ufvNNaD OOI-NNNNP-r\ N Dao/UNrV WrUCU ti•0-70, ::T/%1NNrLNN::l M
Q C.-+-+o�OGO00000.-+MIVOOOC+Mo�Cp ►� MCO G GO.000 GOOOZI Z'
COC•-�COcoo.c/VMCC.t'C.0 ccc-OcOccC'C•.----•�ccccCCOc�.--
W "-MO D0-7&P-lnr--O MlnNNrM-OW 2*Q:*(MM -4�~P�i W,7+l--tin-ZM+B-+t+1M-p-W
fn NN NMP -+1f —0--zrLnruaD4O--oa-U1/--O--aO 0in4(Dom vm-ocvmicONNUIPI.-•DO,a9.-#-,--tr40'
• • • • • • • • • s . • • • • • b • • • '• • • • • • • i • • . • • • • • • di • • • • .
-OOU1t--Ul.-,m oMcOfV NNN ,O31l1 ,QtLINMf\!Mot/1M[VM(VNN) •O7LflO(1]-WMN
IL N.+N-► J�-f1l- NDN-+N--�fV��Ai�,eV.,ed,.+N�+N�+N�+N-+N- flf.,N-*N�+l�l_fu _M
W
tr
as as ad da
WW ILY"t w;u ww
I -F- r- I- f-1- f .r
aa aa_ as aa. as aa, a.d as
ZZJ_..! 00 ZZJJ OQ ?_ZJJ OGS ZZJJ 00 ZZ
QOO7000=CeQa0O-D04Q(XM <-<00
�-►-.r-c� c.� � � ww �• ►= ►- ►-c.x�� �l.n.� � F- f•- �c� c�� � W W l- r-►- w c.�� � ww F- � � �
Z Q Y Y!-•••--KiJ W T i. Q Q Y Y f-1►•ytJ W� �'�t Q Y Y ►••t+-41 W i'� d Q Y Y►-+►-•V•1[� Z� QQ .Y y[
O ZZZmmI-F-Ww.Z.ZZZmmf•-1-WWZZZZmMI-I-W4JZZZZmtn1-HWWZZZZ
x oaa��aa zrood<WM(LQ ==Waa.==ooaa
d a-jJ00►-+"Q-m0aJJ00""a_aaaJJo.c►-,.-.aano� n►-�«�aaanJ�
I-"�daClt�oaitlWOOa_a_L)UOflLtpWoOCL a-L)uOpWUj00a_CLU L)OOUJ CD 00-0.
Z 0000GooOG.00000c00000CPcic fllNNfV(11NNNfVMMMMMMMMMM
r,) • • • • • • 0 • • • v • a • • • • • • • 0 a • • • • • • • • • • • e • • • • •'• • • •
�+ tftWtfl000aCOOGeC>W000GWW(r Ca WW(3 O�MCP' MMa0.0,0Q.OPPPO U0 0 0
{-
(::> C> -, ,.-•.-,.-,.-,..a.--4.4-q+•4.-a..+.-•--4-4 -*-*-4 .-,.-,.-•.-•.-a..-•.-t.--n.••.-a�.ra-,�.r
a - �zTCt: z r t:: r zr---? 4 Zt,?z7�-1 T --I I'- 7
U
O
J
Z O`0.CPI 0•01010'010•PPO,O10, 01OlPPPPPO. CP. a,Ol&Q-O1PO.O.0,0.0.0.0.0-PO.OlO+
1--
Z
O

Table 3. Results of ANOVA performed concentrations of selenium in
Belews lake macroinvertebrates and plankton collected in May and
September of 1985 through 1988. An asterisk indicates sicnificance.
TAXON LOCATION YEAR LOCATION/YEAR
Corbicula
.0.001*
.0001*
.4
Diptera
.8
.3
.9
Ephemeroptera
.6
.5
.8
Odonata
.0001*
.06
.2
Plankton
.001*
.0001*
.08
Table 4. Results of Tukey's Studentized Range Test for variables for
which P > .05 in the ANOVA of selenium concentrations. Variables joined
by a Iine are not significantly different. Numbers in parentheses
denote the mean element concentrations in microgram per gram.
C o r b i c u I a 405.0 419.2 4.19.3 418.0 410.0
(1.3) (4.7) (6.0) (7.0) (8.4)
Odonata 405.0 419.2 418.0 410.0 419.3
(1.5) (5.1) (6.2) (7.8) (8.0)
Plankton 405.0 418.0 419.2 410.0 419.3
(1.2) (2.0) (2.7) (2.8) (3.6)
Corbicula 1987(3.4) 1988(3.5) 1886(6.1) 1985(8.5)
Plankton 1987(0.8) 1988(1:5) 1986(3.5) 1985(4.0)

Table 5: Results of ANOVA performed on arsenic concentrations of Relews
Lake macroinvertebrates and plankton collected in May and September of
1985 through 1988. An asterisk indicates significance.
LOCATION YEAR LOCATION/YEAR
r i ula .7 .8 .9
Diptera .8 .8 .9
Ephemeroptera .7 .9 .9
Odonata .8 .3 .9
Plankton .001* .05* .9
cable 6. Results of Tukey's Studentized Range Test for variables for
which P < .05 in the ANOVA for arsenic concentrations. Variables joined
by a line are not significantly different. Numbers in parentheses
denote the mean element concentration in micrograreper grim.
Plankton 405.0 418.0 419.2 419.3 410.0
(0.101 (0.19) (0.75) (1.99) (2.28_)
Plankton 1985(0.67) 1987(0.73) 1988(0.86) 1986(1.99)

Table 'j. Mean selenium
concentration in selected fish taxa ()ig.g-1 wet weight)
Belews Lake, North Carolina
during spring and fall ( collected at locations of
fly -ash collection system during 1985 at combined) and after installation of a dry
Belews Creek Steamation..'-
_ Stdenotes not
Uplake Location Transitisampled.
on Locations
Taxa Main -lake Locations
405.1 419.4
419.1 410.2
1986 1987 1988 418.1
1986 1987 1988 1986 1987
Whole Fish 1`)88 1986 1987 1988 1
Threadfin shad 986 1987 1988
n 3 3 6
mean 2.47 3 3 3 3 4'
1.20 3.27 9.12 2.32 3.51 4 1 3 3
S.D. ±0.28 ±0.12 ± 15.99 6.17 7.38 15.60 10.53 7. 2 6
Muscle Tissue of 2.66 ±2.58 ±1.14 ±1.63 ±3.56 ±3.49 ±0.73 - + 84 - 13.13
0.73 ±4.86 ± 6.80
Fish 1.57 ±2.27
Catfish
n
mean
b
0.77
8
0.84
6
1.20
6
2.78
6
6
8
7
4
S.D.
Green sunfish
±0.37
±0.33
±O.6B
± 0.65
2.42
±1.3B
2.69
±1.10
4.05
4.71
4, 19
6.69
4.14
3.74
6
6
±1.-25
+ 1 97
±2.26
±4.98
±2.15
5.36
7.18
3.93
n
10
±1.51
±1.96
±4.12
±1.27
mean
-
2.72
-
10
S.D.
Bluegill
±0.90
_
_
-
16.24
_
10
10
10
±4.57
_
21.17
15.51
12.00
r'
6
6
6
6
6
±2.04
±4.21
±3.31
mean
S.D.
2.00
2.05
1.62
6.77
5.21
6
7. 12
E'
6
6
4
b
6
±0.00
± 0.25
±0.51
±1.01
±1.69
±2.20
9.89
6
±3.09
±4.46
±1.56
±0.99
±2.16
10.49
9.91
8.67
±3.41
3.41
±1.58
�2,p7
±3.64

Table 8 Results of ANOVA and Tukey's studentized
trations of selenium in the
black
range tests on concen-
muscle tissue of
bullhead and/o'r brown
catfish (primarily
bullhead).
five locations during sprifrom
ng
and bluegill taken
ken ken y
and fall
1988 from Belews Lake, North
underscores
of 1985, 1986, and
Carolina. Locations
are statistically
not connected by
different.
Catfish
Blueq_ill
ANOVA
Source
df F
ANOVA
p>F
Source df F
Location
4
p>f
Year
19.99 0.0001
Location 4
Location
3 3
x Year 12 .59 0.1
23.00 0.0001*
Year
Error
0.89 0.73
102
3.02 0.1
Location x Year 12 0.98
Corrected Total 121
0.7
E-rror 100
Corrected Total 119
Tukey's
N
26 24 27
Tukey's
Mean
Location
0.90 2.95 4.74 5214 6271
405.1 419.4
N 24 24 22 26
Mean 2.05 6.07 24 r
419.1 410.2 418.1
Location 405.1 419.4
41062 419?1 41811

Table �. Taxonomic
fishes
composition (%) of
collected with
total
density (number
ha) and
410.2
and 418.July
cove rotenone duringPer
1
of 1986,
1987,
standing stock
(k g per ha) of
system
during
of Belews Lake, North Carolina,
1985
and 1988
installation
at main
-lake
Locations
at
Belews
Creek
Steam
Stationafiter
'denotes
-taxa
of
a dr fly
y,
-ash
collection
was
not
l
lected.
Density
Standing
Stock
Location
410.2
Location
418.1
Taxa
Location
410.2
Location
418.1
1986
1987
1988
1986
1987
19n8
1986
Threadfin shad
0.7
1987
1988 •
1986
1987
1488
Common carp
0.1
18.4
0.2
13'7
0.2
16.0
27.5
O 4
17.7
--
Golden shiner
O.1
<O.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
2.1
2.8
14.2
0.2
2.1
10.1
Satinfin shiner
1.2
0.6
0.2
-
-
<0.1
0.5
0.2
6.3
26.2
19.0
26.5
Red shiner
30.1
0.3
10'2
-
1.2
26.4
0.4
0.3
1.3
-
<O.1
Fathead minnow
6 7
0.3
<O.1
71.4
40.4
1.0
4.2
O.1
1-8
0.5
5.6
Minnow
0.1
12.9
14.1
0.1
0.9
<0-1
19.6
6.2
0.2
Brown bullhead
0.3
12.4
_
-
-
_
-
O.1
<O.1
3.7
0.4
<0.1
Flat bullhead
0.3
1.0
_
-
0.9
-
_
_
Channel catfish
0.1
0.1
<0.1
-
-
O 2
6.0
-
2.3
5.4
-
-
-
Catfish
_
<0.1
-
-
<0.1
0.1
18.0
2.1
1.4
<0.1
Mosquitofish
25.2
-
-
<0.1
-
-
_
0.2
_
-
5.2
3.8
Redbreast sunfish
-
2.1
4.5
4.6
O.5
0.1
1.3
_
-
<0.1
-
-
Green sunfish
34.7
_
64.4
_
-
<0.1
0.1
_
O.1
0 2
1.I
<O.1
<O.l
Pumpkinseed
_
0.1
68.9
9.0
38.1
43.3
63.7
69.6
-
0.2
0.2
Warmouth
0.1
-
-
-
<O.1
-
65.7
44.9
55.0
49.9
Bluegill
0.7
0.2
-
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
_
-
0.1
Redear sunfish
<0.1
0.2
<O.1
1.2
1.0
<O.1
1.2
0.7
2.0
0.7
1.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
Sunfish hybrid
<0.1
-
<0.1
<0.1
-
<0.1
0.2
O.5
2.6
0.4
6.4
1.8
Largemouth bass
_
-
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
_
0'1
-
<0.1
2.9
-
1.1
Yellow perch
<0.1
-
<O.1
<0.1
1.1
<O.1
-
_
0.3
<0.1
-
1-8
O.c`
-
-
-
<0.1
-
<0.1
Total Density 12233 11256
9.665
1.0
0.2
5.1
0.7
12941
11714
10022
Total Standing Stock
Number of Species
-_
55.8
50.1
48.9
28. 8
75.0
83.4
Collected
13
16
15
8
12
17

Table 10. Taxanomic
compositon (%)
of total
during June
and October (catches
number
of fishes collected
with electrofishing
Lake, North
combined)
Carolina, after installation
of 1986
e
gear
and 1988 at locations of Belews
at Belews
Creek Steam Station.
- denotes
of a dr f11987,
y
taxa
y -ash
collection system during 1985
not
collected.
Uplake Location
Transition
Locations
Taxa
Main -lake
Locations
405.1
419.4
419.1
410.2
418.1
1986 1987 1988
1986
1987 1988
1986 1987
1,988
1986 1987
Threadfin shad
1988
1986 1987 1988
Common carp
O.8 0.5 0.3
- 0.2 0.3
6.3
0.3 0.4
3.1 0.5
1.6
0.2 0.3 0.3
Golden shiner
0 .3
0.1 O.1
0.5 0.4
0.4
- 0.6 1.8
Satinfin shiner
_
0.2 -
0.4
0.5
_
0.7
0.4 0.2
1.2 0.1 0.1
Red shiner
10.4 4.0 1.3
0.7 O.1
3.1
14.3 ]O.8
8.4 12.4
8.7
- - -
3.7 2.8
0.2
Fathead minnow
_ _ _
17.1
0.3 -
1.2.4 2.4
8.9
5.2
9.3 6.6 0.8
- 5.2 3.0
Black bullhead
_
0'2 -
-
30.6 9.9 1.3
Brown bullhead
__
4
0.7
-
0.4 0.3
-
- 0.4
3.L 1.0
Flat bullhead
.0 1.7 0.5
0.3 1.1 0.8
7.2
1.0 0.3
0.4 0.1
0.5
0.2 0.9 0.5
_
-
Channel catfish
-
1.9
6.8 5.2
- 1.2
2.9
0.6 -
0.3 0.2
Catfish
- -
-
01
.-
0-1
- - -
Mosquitofish
_ - -
_ -
-
-
- -
-
-
0.2 - -
- 0.1 0.1
White perch
2.7 7.0 2.1
-
0.2
0.2 -
-
- 0.1 -
_
-
Redbreast sunfish
19.4 11.3 5.9
0.3
0.1
_ - -
-_
- 0.5
Green sunfish
Pumpkinseed
5.7 4.9 10.5
54.4
0.2
70.3 70.0
0.2 -
73.4 ? 9.9
-
0.4 O.1
0.2 _
Warmbuth
9.0 22.2 10.7
0.1
0.8 0.2
0.5 0.1
64.6
84.9 87.4 86.7
63.8 78.9 93.3
Bluegill
O 4 2 0 2 O
-
_
_ _
0.4
- - 0.7
_
- _
Redear sunfish
8.4 24.5 34.9
0.7 0.5 3.6
0.5
4.8 9.3
0.2 1.7
B.5
- - -
0.2 0.3 3.6
-
Sunfish hybrid
2
-
- -
-
-
0.3 0.2 0.2
Sunfish
.O 0.7 0.5
O.1
- 1.0
- 0.1
2.5
-
O 2 - -
Largemouth bass
- -
11.4 8.7
_
_ _
- 0.1 1.7
0.2 0.1
White crappie
16.9
0.2 0.6 -
0.3
-
0.3 1.1
0.2 0.3
-
0.2 0.1 0.1
-
Yellow perch
23.9 10.0 9.6
--
_ _
0.3
_
- -
-
1.1
- 0.4
0.4
- 0.5 -
Total Number
__-
_
3.0 -
Collected
992 1307 1179
667 1143
1264
549
Number of Species
748 553
--
482 760 992
481 880 880
Collected
15 17 14
14 14
12
13 12 11
9 12 10
8 11 8
M

Table I1 Taxanomic
an'd October
compositon (y) Of total
(catches combined)
number of
fishes collected
Carolina
after installation
of 1986, 1987
and 1988 at
with
locations
locations
trap nets during June
of
Creek Steam Station.
a dry fly -ash
Of Belews Lake
_
denotes
taxa not
collected.
system
during 1985
at Belewsrth ,
Uplake LocationT
-
ransition
Locations
Taxa
Main -lake
Locations "
405.1
419.4
419.1
410.2
1986 198 7 1988 1986
1987 1988
1986
418.1
Threadfin shad
19B7 1 c58B 1 1
986 987 1 988
98
16 1987
Common carp
_ 0.5 0.9 -
_ _
-
1988
Golden shiner
0-5 -
Snail bullhead
-
- _
.2 1.2
-
1.1 -
-
White catfish-
h
- -
- -
- - -
7 0- 1.3
Black bullhead
_ _
-
- 2.7
-
- -'
Brown bullhead
_
0 7 1.9 -
0.9 -
1.2
-
- -
-
Flat bullhead
b.6 0.7 9.7
3.6 1.3
- _
0.5
- -
- 0.6
Channel catfish
8.1 0.9 12.3
10.8 12.0
2.2 1 2 2.4
5.1
0.3
1.1 3.b
0.4
Catfish
-
_ 0.2 - -
- _
B.4 14.3
0.5
4. 0 3.6
0.1 12.6
White perch
- 46.1 - -
7.2 -
_ _
-
- -
- 0.2 1.3
Redbreast sunfish
0.7 5.4 2.8
- 8.0
- 10.9 -
9.B -
_
_ - -
Green sunfish
4.0 - 1.9 0.4
- _
_
1.2 -
-
- -
1.0
Pumpkinseed
].3 - - 31.3
13.9
11.7
4.3 3.b 4.8
70.5
1.0
_ _
_
- 1.3 •
2.6 2.4
Warmouth
7.8 2.8 4.B
2.6
7.2 9.3
X1.2 17.9
91.5
66.7 60.7
1.3
(36.4 83.9
Bluegill
0.2 - 2.2
32.5
4.5 2.7
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.7 1.9
42.8
0.3 0.1
R,edear sunfish
21.6 62.3 29.1
29.7 50.7
1.2 -
9.7
I -B
2.3 -
1.3
0-3
Sunfish h
hybrid
6.6 0.7 7.5 4.4
11.7 2.7
27.7 50.0
1.3
2'S
11.5 16.1
_ _
8.1 7.7
Largemouth bass
2.0 _
- 2.2
0.9 B,p
B.4 6.0
0.5
0.6 1.8
27.0
1.0
White crappie
PPie
_
0.7 - -
18.5
- _
_ _
_ 1.2
0.5
0.6 1.0
2.5 5. 0
11.5 1.3
Black crappie
4.7 16.0 -
3.6 -
-_
-
- -
5.7
-
Yellow perch
9.3 3.2 2.8 3.5
6.3 1. 3
- 3.6
_
-
- -
-
- -
- 0.2 - _
-
1.2 1.2
-
0.6 -
- -
Total Number
_
- 1.2 -
-
- -
. - _
O1
Collected
151 408 106 227 111
75
372
Number of Species
E33 84
398 174
56
914 840
Collected
159
13 13 10 9 10
10
8
14 9
9
9 6
8
B 10

Tab le ll- Larval fish taxa sampled with push nets (X.) at locations
during May and
electrofishing
June of 1986, 1.987, and 1988,
of Belews Lake, North
and
Carolina
1988, followin
(EFX) during June and October
installation
Young-of-year
and covegrotenone (RO))ciuisn
taxa collected
with
1985 at g
Belews
of a dry fly-ash
Creek Steam Station.
collection system during g
July of 1986,
1987, and
Taxa
Uplake Location
Transition
—�—
405.1 419.1,
Locations
419.3, 419.4, and 419.5
Main-lake
Locations
410.2 and
418.1
198'6 1987 1988
1986 1487 1988
Larval Fish
1986 1987
1988
Shad (Dorosoma spp.)
x x x
Minnows (Cyprinidae)
x x x
x x
X
x x
Catfish (Ictalurus s PP•>
-- —
x X
x x
X
x
Sunfish (Lepomis spp.)
x
Crappie (Poxomis spp.)
x X
x X X
X X
X
Perches (Percidae)
X
x x
YOY
x
Threadfin shad (<40 mm TL) RX
Catfish (<80 mm TL)EFX/RX
Rx Rx
RX
Sunfish (<30 mm TL)
RX
EFX
RX RX
RX
EFX
Largemouth bass
Rx RX
RX
(<140 mm TL)
EFX/RX EFX EFX
Yellow perch (<60 mm TL)
EFX EFX EFX
RX
RX EFX

t
Table 13• Length frequency
quency of largemouth bass collected with electrofishin
and 1988 at five locations of Belews Lake 9 during s
collection system during , North Carolina g prang and fall of 1986,
g 1985 at Belews Creek Steam Station. after installation of ,
a dry fly -ash
Uplake Location
Transition Lnr_ations.
Total Length Main -lake Locations
Class (mm) 405.1 419.4 A
419.1 410.2
1986 1987 1988 - 418.1
1986 1987 1988 1986 1987
Spring
SO 1988 1986 1987 1988 1986 198 817 q 8
0 0
51-]00 1 O8 0 0 O
0 O
101-150 3 0 O0 0 0 O
4 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0
151-200 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 O O
201-250 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 3 0 1 0 0 0 O O
251-300 2 0 O 0 0
0 0 1 0 O p 0 0 0 0 0 D O 0 0 O 0 0
p
301-350 0 O
0 O
351-400 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fall 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O
0 0 0 0 p O O
1-50 7 0. 0 0 O O
51 -loo 0 1 0 0 0
B 14 47 0 0 0 O
101-150 1 0 0 n O 0 0 p
30 1 !4 1 O p 0 0 0 0
151-200 40 1 0 0 O O O 0 O a
201-250 13 1 1 O 0 0 .1 0 0 0 0
251-300 2 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 O O
0 0 O O 0 0 O
301-350 0 O
351 -400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 1 0 p 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
0 -O