19981070 Ver 1_Complete File_19981215

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment

and Natural Re6ources •
Division of Water Quality

James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor NC ENR
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

December 15, 1998
Haywood County
WQC 401 Project # 981070
APPROVAL of 401 Water Quality Certification

Mr. Joe Walker
Solid Waste Manager
Haywood County
278 Recycle Road
Clyde, NC 28721
Dear Mr. Walker:
You have our approval, in accordance with the attached conditions, to place fill material in 0.87 acres of wetlands or
waters for the purpose of expanding an existing municipal landfill, as you described in your application dated November 3,
1998. After reviewing your application, we have decided that this fill is covered by General Water Quality Certification
Number 3108. This Certification allows you to use Nationwide Permit Number 26 when the Corps of Engineers issues it.
In addition, you should get any other federal, state or local permits before you go ahead with your project including (but
not limited to) Sediment and Erosion Control, Coastal Stormwater, Non-Discharge and Water Supply Watershed
regulations. Also this approval will expire when the accompanying 404 or CAMA permit expires unless otherwise
specified in the General Certification.
This approval is only valid for the purpose and design that you described in your application. If you change your
project, you must notify us and send us a new application. If the property is sold, the new owner must be given a copy of
this Certification and approval letter and is thereby responsible for complying with all conditions. If total wetland fills for
this project (now or in the future) exceed one acre, compensatory mitigation may be required as described in 15A NCAC
2H .0506 (h). For this approval to be valid, you must follow the conditions listed in the attached certification.
If you do not accept any of the conditions of this certification, you may ask for an adjudicatory hearing. You must
act within 60 days of the date that you receive this letter. To ask for a hearing, send a written petition which conforms to
Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General Statutes to the Office of Administrative Hearings; P.O. Box 27447, Raleigh,
N.C. 276 1 1-7447. This certification and its conditions are final and binding unless you ask for a hearing.
This letter completes the review of the Division of Water Quality under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act. If you
have any questions, please telephone John Dorney at 919-733-1786.
Sincerely,
r oward, Jr. P.E.
Attachment
cc: Wilmington District Corps of Engineers
Corps of Engineers Asheville Field Office
Asheville DWQ Regional Office
Mr. John Domey
Central Files
William Nethery; TRC Garrow Associates, Inc. 981070.1tr
Division of Water Quality • Environmental Sciences Branch
Environmental Sciences Branch, 4401 Reedy Creek Rd, Raleigh, NC 27607 Telephone [phone] FAX # [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer • 50% recycled/10% post consumer paper

DEM ID: CORPS ACTION ID:

NATIONWIDE PERMIT REQUESTED (PROVIDE NATIONWIDE PERMIT NWP 426
_XX

P, Post-it' Fax Note 7671 Date of ? i
pages ON APPLICATION
To From
FOR Co./Dept. Co.,
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Phone 4 Phone #
Fax N
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3) ~:V~Jtt171ire?1~va~ niin tne? a~a. utvt~tvLS va v O •'•1Y'
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SEND THE ORIGINAL AND (1) COPY OF THIS COLLETED TO
FIELD OFFICE OF THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS (SEE AGEN AD SEVEN
COPIES SHOULD BE SENT TO THE N.C. DIVISION OF NVI AL MANAGEMENT

(SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) . PLEASE PRINT.
Cti ~41_'r{~y j}i
1. OWNERS NAME: Haywood Count ~r
2. MAILING ADDRESS: 278 Recycle Road
SUBDIVISION NAME:
CITY: Clyde STATE: North Carolina ZIP CODE: 28721
PROJECT LOCATION ADDRESS, INCLUDING SUBDIVISION NAME (IF DIFFERENT FROM
MAILING ADDRESS ABOVE):

3. TELEPHONE NUMBER (HOME): (WORK): 828 / 627-8042

4. IF APPLICABLE: AGENT'S NAME OR RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE OFFICIAL, ADDRESS,
PHONE NUMBER:
Mr. Joe Walker, Solid Waste Manager
County of Haywood
278 Recycle Road
Clyde, NC 28721 828 / 627-8042

5. LOCATION OF WORK (PROVIDE A MAP, PREFERABLY A COPY OF USGS TOPOGRAPHIC
MAP OR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY WITH SCALE): Waynesville
COUNTY: Haywood NEAREST TOWN OR CITY:

1

SPECIFIC LOCATION (INCLUDE ROAD

MBERS, LANDMARKS, ETC.)• Approximately 1700' South of the Intersection

of SR•1338 & Interstate 40 on SR 1338. Site is located around existing
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solid waste landfill facility.

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IMPACTED OR NEAREST STREAM/RIVER: Pigeon River
~A•:.
French Broad
RIVER BASIN:
i. IS PROJECT LOCATED NEAR WATER CLASSIFIED AS TROUT, TIDAL SALTWATER '.41
3A), HIGH QUALITY WATERS (HQW), OUTSTANDING RESOURCE WATERS (ORW), WATER
7PPLY (WS-I OR WS-II) ? YES [ ] NO [X$XX IF YES, EXPLAIN:

b. IS THE PROJECT LOCATED WITHIN A NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL
ANAGEMENT AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN (AEC) ? YES [ ] NO L~XJCX

C. IF THE PROJECT IS LOCATED WITHIN A COASTAL COUNTY (SEE PAGE 7 FOR
IST OF COASTAL COUNTIES.),\ WHAT IS THE LAND USE PLAN (LUP) DESIGNATION?
N/A

a. HAVE ANY SECTION 404 PERMITS BEEN PREVIOUSLY REQUESTED FOR USE ON
'HIS PROPERTY? YES [ ] NO {X IF YES, PROVIDE ACTION I.D. NUMBER OF
'REVIOUS PERMIT AND ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (INCLUDE PHOTOCOPY OF 401
.ERTIFICATION) :

!b. ARE ADDITIONAL PERMIT REQUESTS EXPECTED FOR THIS PROPERTY IN THE
?UTURE? YES [ ] NO F'q=IF YES, DESCRIBE ANTICIPATED WORK:

9a. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES IN TRACT OF LAND: 268 Acres

9b. ESTIMATED TOTAL NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS LOCATED ON PROJECT SITE: 4
0.87 Acres

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LOa. NUMBER OF ACRES OF WETLANDS IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT BY:

FIIrLING: 0.87 Acres EXCAVATION:

FLOODING: OTHER:

TOTAL ACRES To BE IMPACTED : 0.87 Acres
DRAINAGE: i'

lOb . (1) STREAM CHANNEL TO BE IMPACTED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT (IF ".,•<<,i
RELOCATED, PROVIDE DISTANCE BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER RELOCATION

N/A FT AFTER: N/A FT I
LENGTH BEFORE:
WIDTH BEFORE (based on normal high water contours): N/A FT
'i
N/A FT
WIDTH AFTER:
FT
AVERAGE DEPTH BEFORE: N/A AFTER: N/A FT
.
(2) TREAM CHANNEL IMPACTS WILL RESULT FROM: (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)
OPEN CHANNEL RELOCATION: N/A PLACEMENT OF PIPE IN CHANNEL: _N/A
CHANNEL EXCAVATION: L/A CONSTRUCTION OF A. DAM/FLOODING: N/A
OTHER: N/A

11. IF CONSTRUCTION OF A POND IS PROPOSED, WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE
WATERSHED DRAINING TO THE POND? N/A

WHAT IS THE EXPECTED POND SURFACE AREA? N/A
12. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK INCLUDING DISCUSSION OF TYPE OF
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT TO BE USED (ATTACH PLANS: 8 1/2^ X 11" DRAWINGS
ONLY) Excavate ; t f *-ti'^ * + font thi rk rl a~1. r ~P P7 Phi tin -

liner down and cover with waste
equipment to be used includes 355 Rex Compactor front end load erG nnns_

dozers and backhoes.

13. PURPOSE OF PROPOSED WORK: Laterial exnension of existing mild waGtP
landfill facilit .

3

14. STATE REASONS WHY IT IS BELIEVED THAT THIS ACTIVITY MUST BE CARRIED
OUT IN WETLANDS. (INCLUDE ANY MEASURES TAKEN TO MINIMIZE WETLAND
IMPACTS):
This site is located adjacent to the existing solid waste landfill, so

expanding to this site would cause the least amount of impact to the surrounding .f n.'
area.

15. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
(USFWS) AND/OR NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE (NMFS) (SEE AGENCY
ADDRESSES SHEET). REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF ANY FEDERALLY LISTED.OR
PROPOSED FOR LISTING ENDANGERED OR THREATENED SPECIES OR CRITICAL HABITAT
IN THE PERMIT AREA THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED'PROJECT. DATE
CONTACTED: N/A (ATTACH RESPONSES
FROM THESE AGENCIES.)
16. YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER
(SHPO) (SEE AGENCY ADDRESSES SHEET) REGARDING THE PRESENCE OF HISTORIC
PROPERTIES IN THE PERMIT AREA WHICH MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED
PROJECT. DATE CONTACTED: N/A

17. DOES THE PROJECT INVOLVE AN EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC FUNDS OR THE USE OF
PUBLIC (STATE) LAND?

YES X] NO (IF NO, GO TO 18)

a. IF YES, DOES THE PROJECT REQUIRE PREPARATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL
DOCUMENT PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY ACT?
YES [ ] NO X

b. IF YES, HAS THE DOCUMENT BEEN REVIEWED THROUGH THE NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION STATE CLEARINGHOUSE?
YES [I NO [

IF ANSWER TO 17b IS YES, THEN SUBMIT APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION FROM THE
STATE CLEARINGHOUSE TO DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REGARDING
COMPLIANCE WITH THE NORTH CAROLINA ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT.
QUESTIONS REGARDING THE STATE CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW PROCESS SHOULD BE
DIRECTED TO MS. CHRYS BAGGETT, DIRECTOR STATE CLEARINGHOUSE, NORTH
CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION, 116 WEST JONES STREET, RALEIGH,
NORTH CAROLINA 27603-8003, TELEPHONE (919) 733-6369.

4

11/02/98 11:38 $`8286278137 SOLID WASTE MGT Q001
11/02/98 12:29 '$919 772 1176 MUNICIPAL ENGNR. QO02

.8. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE INCLUDED WITH THIS APPLICATION IL'
!ROPOSED ACTIVITY INVOLVES. THE DISCHARGE OF EXCAVATED OR FILL -MATERIAL
I= WETLANDS:
a. WET'LM DELrNEATION MAP SHOWING ALL WETLANDS, STREAMS, LAIMS
I= PONDS ON TNR PROPERTY (MR NATTnvwxot vgsm IT mmom B id, 3.9, 21, ZC,
:9, MD 381 . ALL STREAMS (ZNTERNITTENT AND PEPIMNF.NT) ON THE PROPERTY
OT BE SKOWN ON THE MAP. MAP SCALES 9Hoom BF. I Iai a EQ17ALs 50 BEET OR
ITCH EQV= 100 FEET OR THEIR EQUIVALENT.
b. XF AVAZLAB", REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOGRAPH OF WETLANDS TO BI"'
NPACITED BY PROJECT .
c. IF DELINF.ATXON WAS PERFORMED BY A CONSULTANT, INL-LUDE ALL DATA
;MEETS RELEVANT TO THE P'LACEZIMUT OF THE DELINEATION LINE. ,
d. ATTACH A COPY OF THE STORMWATER !Y'ANAGF,NENT PLAN IF REQQIRRED.
e. THAT IS LAND USE OF SURROUNDING PROPERTY?
Forest, some pastures and qn existing solid waste landfill.

f. IF APPLICABLE, WHAT IS PROPOSED METHOD OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL? N 4A

q. SYGNED AND DATED AGZ TI• AUTHORIZATION LETTER, IF APPLICABLE.

fOTE: WETLANDS OR RATERS OF THE U.S. MAY NOT BE IMPACTED PRIOR TO:
1) ISSUANCE OF A SECTION 404 CORPS OF ENGINEERS PERMIT,
2) EITHER THE YSSL%NCE OR WAIVER OF A 401 DIVISION OF
(RATER QaP?LITY) CERTIFICATION, AND
3) (IN T= TWMf TY C.OASTAL COUNTIES ONZY) , A LETTER FRCK THE
FORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF COASTAL XhKA=-MKT STATING = PROPOSED
CTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE NORTR CAROLINA COASTAL b9atAGMMENT
ROGtiM.

L&A

ilF'S/AGENT SIGNATURE DATE
AGENT'S SIGNATURE VALID ONLY
F AUTHORIZATION LETTER FROM
'HE OWNER IS PROVIDED (189.))
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` PROTECTED SPECIES SURVEY AND JURISDICTIONAL WETLANDS DELINEATION
FOR THE PROPOSED HAYWOOD COUNTY LANDFILL EXPANSION,
HAYWOOD COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA

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Submitted to:
Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A.
P.O. Box 97
Garner, North Carolina 27529

Submitted by:
i TRC Garrow Associates, Inc.
3772 Pleasantdale Road, Suite 200
Atlanta, Georgia 30340-4214
+ Project #24698

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Field Investigation and Report Preparation by:

William R. Nethery, Senior Environmental Scientist
I James V. Hamilton Jr., Environmental Scientist

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f October 12, 1998

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A protected species survey and jurisdictional wetlands delineation were conducted for a
proposed expansion of the Haywood County Sanitary Landfill in Haywood County, North
Carolina. The 35-acre expansion project area is in a 235-acre parcel just west of the Pigeon River,
northwest of the intersection of I-40 and Fines Creek Road. The project area and adjacent
portions of the property are mainly forest and pasture. The project property contains three
~r ecological communities: Fallow Field, Pine-Hardwood Forest, and Mesic Hardwood Forest.
Information on previous occurrences of protected species near the project area was obtained
from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the NortCarolina Natural Heritage Program at the
time of the survey. The project area contains marginal habitat for one state and federally
protected plant and five state protected plants. The project area contains potential habitat for
six state protected animal species. No state or federally protected species (or evidence such as
remnant plant parts, burrows, or nests) were observed in the project area. We recommend
A return surveys in May for the state and federally protected small-whorled pogonia in relatively
open forest areas within the proposed expansion project area.
A jurisdictional wetland that will be impacted by the proposed expansion exists in a drainage
adjacent to a cell of the existing landfill. An additional wetland is associated with a pond on the'
western boundary of the project property. However, this wetland is not in the proposed
expansion area and will never be impacted by the landfillactivities. Several spring-fed streams
are waters of the United States, which are also regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(COE) under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.. This project may qualify for Nationwide
' Permit 26 for wetlands above headwaters or other Nationwide Permits if impacts to these
stream channels become necessary. Nationwide Permit 26 allows no more than 500 total linear
feet of stream impact. We recommend designing the facility to reduce or avoid wetland
impacts to the extent practicable. Should impacts become necessary, a Pre-Construction
Notification to the COE may be required for this project. We recommend a pre-application
meeting with COE and other agency personnel to determine the most appropriate permitting
scenario and to ensure that all agency concerns can be adequately addressed.
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CONTENTS
a EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 1
2.1 Literature Review and Records Search 1
2.2 Field Survey 2
3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2
3.1 General Project Area Description 2
3.2 Description of Ecological Communities 3
3.3 Protected Species Assessment 4
3.4 Assessment of Wetlands and Waters of the United States 5
4.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6
5.0 REFERENCES 8
APPENDICES 11
b 1. Protected Plant and Animal Species of Haywood County
2. Scientific Names of Commonly Found Plant and Animal Species
£ 3. Figures
? 4. CEO Wetland Data Forms
5. Resume of Principal Investigator
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The proposed Haywood County Landfill Expansion project is approximately 35 acres on a
parcel totaling 235 acres. The purpose of this study conducted by TRC Garrow Associates Inc.
is twofold: (1) to survey for Federal and state rare and protected species and their habitats; (2)
to identify and delineate all jurisdictional wetlands and waters of the United States.

Legally protected species include animals listed as Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, or
Extirpated by the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC); plants listed as
r_ Endangered, Threatened, or Special Concern by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture
(NCDA); and plants and animals listed as Endangered or Threatened by the U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS 1989, 1990a, 1990b). Rare, but not legally protected, species include
Candidates for federal listing by FWS and those listed as Candidates or as Significantly Rare by
r the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP). Efforts to accommodate these species
found on a project area are encouraged but not required; such efforts help preserve a rare
species before it becomes critically imperiled and legally protected.
Waters of the United States are protected under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Waters of
the United States include wetlands, as well as areas that do not meet the criteria for wetlands,
but that hold impounded or running water during some or all of the year. This term applies to
such features as lakes, ponds, rivers, perennial and intermittent streams, and, in some cases,
ditches. Wetlands are defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency as: "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or
ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal
? circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil
conditions" (Environmental Laboratory 1987).
2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Literature Review and Records Search

i Lists of protected plant and animal species potentially occurring in the project area and their
4 habitat requirements were obtained from NCNHP (1998) and FWS (1998). Additionally,
r . specialized information was used to supplement these lists, including FWS (1994) and Kral
(1983). Available specimens of rare and protected plant species were viewed at the University
of Georgia (Athens) Botany Department Herbarium. The protected species information,
including habitat requirements, is summarized in Appendix 1.
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Information on plant and animal species identification, distribution, and habitat requirements
was compiled from a number of sources, including field guides and distribution atlases: Brown
and Kirkman (1990), Burt and Grossenheider (1976), Conant and Collins (1991), Foote and Jones
(1989), Godfrey and Wooten (1979, 1981), LeGrand and Hall (1993), Radford et al. (1968), Scott
(1988), Smith (1998), Snyder and Bruce (1986), and Weakley (1993). Information on ecological
communities in the Blue Ridge region came primarily from (Schafele& Weakley 1990).
Additional resources utilized for community identification and potential wetlands locations
included the Cove Creek Gap and Fines Creek, North Carolina quadrangle National Wetlands
Inventory (NWI) maps (FWS 1987; 1976); soil survey maps; and the United States Geological
1

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Survey (USGS) Cove Creek Gap and Fines Creek, North Carolina quadrangle 7.5 minute
topographic maps (1976;1987). Information on geology of the study area was gathered from
North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. Mapped soil series were checked for hydric
R-3. classification using Hydric Soils of the U.S. (SCS 1991). Common names are used in the text for
plant and animal species; scientific names for rare and protected species are found in Appendix
1. Commonly found plants and animals are listed in Appendix 2.
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2.2 Field Survey
Field investigations were conducted in May 1998, by William R. Nethery, Senior Environmental
Scientist. Both alternate project areas were examined to determine ecological communities
based on dominant vegetation. A pedestrian survey for rare and protected species and their
habitats was conducted throughout the study areas. Locations of all plant communities and
potential protected species habitats were recorded on field maps. Habitats and significant
species were photographed.
r_.
Potential protected species habitats of marginal to high quality were surveyed more intensively
than low quality, disturbed, or unsuitable habitats. One hundred percent of suitable habitats
were surveyed within and adjacent to the project corridor by following transects 10-30 feet
apart, depending on visibility and size of target organism. Habitats were searched less
intensively for species listed as Significantly Rare by NCNHP or Candidates by FWS, which
receive no legal protection, than for protected species.
The wetlands survey was conducted in accordance with the Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the memorandum "Clarification and
Interpretation of the 1987 Manual" (COE 1992). The routine determinations method was
followed. Application of this procedure required identification of plant community types and
characterization of vegetation, hydrology, and soils using established criteria. Wetland
indicator statuses for plant species were assigned according to Reed (1988). Soil colors were
determined in the field using Munsell Soil Color Charts (Munsell Color 1992).
Wetland sampling locations were placed according to one or more of the following criteria: (1)
at least one in each discrete wetland; (2) at a significant community change along a continuous
t~ wetland line; (3) at roughly 200-foot intervals within the same community; and (4) in highly
disturbed areas where reliable topographic or vegetative indicators were absent. Soil profiles
f~. were examined as necessary to accurately establish wetland boundaries. Wetland boundaries
were flagged adequately for surveying.
Y 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 General Project Area Description
The project area is located northwest of the intersection of Fines Creek Road and Interstate 40,
just west of the Pigeon River (Appendix 3, Figure 1). The project area is in the Blue Ridge region
in extreme western North Carolina. The tract is underlain largely by the Cranberry granite
gneiss (Division of Mineral Resources 1958). The project area is drained by the Pigeon River
and its tributaries. Elevations range from approximately 2450 ft above mean sea level in a
t drainage to over 2650 ft on ridges (USGS 1976;1987). Soil survey maps (Allison and Hale 1988)
indicate that the site contains Brasstown-Junalaska Complex soils, which are well-drained soils.
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The project area contains pasture, mixed pine-hardwood and hardwood forests. All ecological
communities are discussed in Section 3.2. Figures illustrating the project corridor are contained
in Appendix 3.

k 3.2 Description of Ecological Communities
Three ecological communities exist in the project area: Pasture, Pine/Hardwood Forest, and
Mesic Hardwood Forest. The approximate boundaries of terrestrial communities are depicted
in Figure 2. The entire project property has historically and recently been grazed by cattle.

3.2.1 Fallow Field. Although cattle have been removed from the property recently, fallow
pastures are still dominated by grasses and other herbaceous species, with woody shrubs and
trees beginning to colonize these open areas (Figure 3). Besides remnant fescue and other
t - planted grasses, native vegetation exists in these areas, including blackberry, goldenrod,
ragweeds, sunflower, wild oats, virgin bower, spurge, pokeweed, cocklebur, broomsedge,
NewYork ironweed, and blackberry. Invasive woody species include smooth sumac, winged
sumac, tulip poplar, pitch pine, Virginia pine, oaks and hickories. Mourning dove, American
crow, turkey vulture, bluejay, mockingbird, indigo bunting, goldfinch, and red-tailed hawk
o, were seen in this community.
3.2.2 Pine-Hardwood Forest. The Pine-Hardwood Forest community is present on several
ridges and slopes in the project area. The canopy in this mature forest type includes white pine,
with red maple, northern red oak, hemlock, mockemut hickory, and white ash Figure 4).
Understory species include tree saplings, flowering dogwood, etc. Ground layer vegetation
includes poison ivy, Japanese honeysuckle, microstegium, catbrier, beggar lice, cocklebur, white
baneberry, and jewelweed. Animals observed in the Pine-hardwood Forest community include
hairy woodpecker, rufous-sided towhee, robin, cardinal, tufted titmouse, and raccoon.
3.2.3 Mesic Hardwood Forest. The Mesic Hardwood Forest community exists in broad
drainages, coves, and slopes in the project area. This community is characterized by a mature
stand of tulip poplar, white oak, northern red oak, black walnut, red maple, and occasional
hemlock (Figure 5). The understory is dominated by dense stands of poison ivy, beggar lice, or
rose in many cases (Figure 6). Where these disturbance response species are not prevalent,
mesic ground layer vegetation includes white baneberry, Indian cucumber, Solomon's seal,
false Solomon's seal, cocklebur, wild yam, violets, Christmas fern, and hay-scented fern (Figure
9). Animals observed in this community include Carolina wren, yellow-shafted flicker, rufous-
sided towhee, robin, cardinal, mourning dove, red-bellied woodpecker, red-winged blackbird,
ruby-throated hummingbird, and raccoon.
3.3 Protected Species Assessment
The NCNHP and FWS produced lists of rare and protected animal and plant species that are
E ; known in Haywood County (NCNHP 1998; FWS 1998). These lists contain a total of 24 state or
federally protected animals and 12 state or Federally protected plants that are known to occur in
Haywood County. Tables listing these species and their legal status, scientific names, habitat
requirements, and status in the project area can be found in Appendix 1.
Legal protection for Federally listed species, Threatened or Endangered status, is conferred by
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1534). This act makes it illegal
2'o to kill, harm, harass, or remove any federally listed animal species from the wild; plants are
- similarly protected, but only on Federal lands. Section 7 of this Act requires Federal agencies to
ensure that actions they fund or authorize do not jeopardize any Federally listed species.

3

Species that are being considered for Federal protection, though not currently listed, are
designated as Candidate species and may be listed in the future.

Legal protection in the State of North Carolina is provided by the North Carolina Department of
Agriculture for state listed plants under the Plant Protection and Conservation Act of 1979.
Protected animals are listed in Endangered Wildlife of North Carolina (NCDEHNR 1992). There
are three categories of state protected species: Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern.
El Federally protected species are usually protected by the state as well, and state protected
species are sometimes Candidates for federal listing. The harassment or killing of any state
listed animal species is prohibited on all lands in the State of North Carolina, both public and
private. State listed plant species receive protection only on public lands and can be removed
only with written authorization from NCDA Plant Protection Division. Protected plant species
are listed in Weakley (1993). While state-designated Significantly Rare species and federal
I Candidate species are not legally protected, the NCDA and FWS monitor these species to
I determine if future listing will be warranted. Efforts to avoid adverse impacts to these legally
unprotected species are encouraged by both agencies.
3.3.1 Animals. The NCNHP (1998) and FWS (1998) rare and protected animal species lists
serve as the basis for this protected animal study. Five state and federally protected animal
t species and nineteen state protected animal species are known from Haywood County.
Marginal Habitat exists in the project area for six state protected animal species.
Potential habitat for the state protected species, Appalachian Bewick's wren, exists in thickets
t ` throughout the project property, but none were observed. Marginal habitat exists in the Pine-
Hardwood and Mesic Hardwood Forest for Appalachian woodrat and golden-crowned kinglet,
but no specimens or nests were observed in the project area. Potential habitat for Cooper's
hawk is present in forests and edges throughout the project area, but no nests were observed.
Very marginal habitat for the state Threatened bog turtle exists in the palustrine emergent
wetland in the project area, but none were observed. Marginal habitat for southern zigzag
- salamander is present in the spring-fed stream in the project area, but this stream had been
adversely impacted and no salamanders were observed there. There is no habitat for other state
or federal protected animal species in the project property. No state or federal protected animal
species were observed in the project area.
One state Significantly Rare animal species, Diana fritillary, is known from near the project area.
Habitat for this species is present in the project area in the Mesic Hardwood Forest community.
No Diana fritillary were observed in the project area, but a return survey would be required to
definitively determine its presence/absence. This species is not currently protected.
3.3.2 Plants. The NCNHP (1998) and FWS (1998) lists of rare or protected plant species known
to occur in Haywood County serve as the basis for the protected plant study. Four state and
federally protected plant species and eight state protected plant species are known to occur in
Haywood County. Marginal habitat is present in the project area for one state and federally
protected plant species and five state protected plant species. Previous grazing by cattle
reduces the likelihood, but does not rule out, the potential for protected plant species in the
project area.
Marginal habitat for the state and federally protected small-whorled pogonia is present in
portions of the Pine-Hardwood Forest that have a relatively sparse ground layer of vegetation.
No small-whorled pogonia was observed in the project area. However, due to lower than
normal rainfall, this species may not have been detectable at the time of the field survey.
'a Marginal habitat for the state protected piratebush is present under scattered hemlocks in the
Pine-Hardwood Forest and Mesic Hardwood Forest communities. Piratebush was not observed
in the project area. Habitat is present in the Mesic Hardwood forest for the state protected
4
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Alabama least trillium and royal catchfly, and in all forests for the Fraser's loosestrife and tall
larkspur. None of these species were observed in the project area, but Alabama least trillium
would not have been readily detectable at the time of the survey. Habitat is not present in the
project area for other state or federally protected plant species and none were observed in the
project areas.
Very marginal habitat is present in the project area for the state Significantly Rare fringed
campion, but none were observed during field surveys. This species is not currently protected.

3.4 Assessment of Wetlands and Waters of the United States
F_
The Fines Creek, and Cove Creek North Carolina quadrangle NWI maps do not indicate
f wetlands in the project area (FWS 1992). Soil survey maps (Allison and Hale 1988) do not show
E = any hydric soil in the project area. A small amount of jurisdictional wetlands and waters of the
United States occur in the project area.
E A jurisdictional wetland is present in a drainage adjacent to the existing landfill. This wetland
is largely a palustrine emergent wetland; its location is shown in Figure 2. The palustrine
emergent wetland adjacent to the existing landfill may be partly created by landfill activities,
€ including changes in hydrology and drainage sediments. The emergent wetland is dominated
by wetland vegetation such as soft rush, cattails, woolgrass, beakrush, sedges, tearthumb, New
York ironweed, and an occasional black willow. The primary hydric soil indicators are low
Q chroma, mottling, and redoximorphic features. Wetland hydrology indicators include drainage
L patterns, oxidized rhizospheres, and water-stained leaves.
One 1-5-foot-wide, 1 foot-deep spring-fed channel is present in the project area. This stream,
below mean high water, is regulated by the COE as waters of the United States under Section
404 of the Clean Water Act. Locations of waters of the United States are shown in Figure 2.

4.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A protected species survey and jurisdictional wetlands delineation were conducted for the
proposed Haywood County Sanitary Landfill Expansion project. The existing landfill is
approximately 40 acres and will be expanded by 35 acres to a total of approximately 75 acres.

C The project area contains three ecological communities: Fallow Field, Pine-Hardwood Forest,
and Mesic Hardwood Forest. These habitats had some potential to support rare or protected
species.
L Twenty-four state or federally protected animal species and 12 protected plant species are
known to occur in Haywood County. Marginal habitat exists in the project area for six
protected animal species and six protected plant species. None were observed in the project
area; however, some of these species may not have been detectable at the time of the survey.
No marginal habitat or habitat is present in the project area for any other protected species
known to occur in Haywood County. No state or federally protected animal or plant species
were observed during field surveys of the proposed landfill expansion. We recommend return
surveys in May to seek the state and federally Threatened small-whorled pogonia and the
Alabama least trillium, in relatively open forests in the project area.
i ) A small amount of jurisdictional wetlands found within the project property will be impacted
by the proposed landfill expansion. One spring-fed stream exists in the project property, which
is a water of the United States regulated under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Impacts to

5

wetlands or waters of the United States will require a permit from the COE. This project may
qualify for Nationwide Permit 26, for impacts to wetlands above headwaters, if stream impacts
can be kept below the maximum allowable threshold of 500 total linear feet. We recommend
pre-application consultation with the COE to determine if proposed impacts would be
allowable under the Nationwide Permit program. If impacts cannot be kept within those
stipulated by conditions of the Nationwide Permit(s), an Individual Permit from the COE
would be required.
In response to concerns expressed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, we recommend following
their guidelines for reducing attraction of bear and other large mammals to the landfill. Also,
interim and final closure plans should include provisions for planting and maintaining
preferred native wildlife food plants. The FWS will provide recommendations for seed mixes
and may ask for some commitment from the county to maintain a "natural" early successional
I plant community on the closed cells.

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5.0 REFERENCES

Allison, John B. and L. Brooks Hale. 1988. Soil Survey of Haywood CountyArea, North
i Carolina. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Washington,
D.C.

Brown, C. L., and L. K. Kirkman. 1990. Trees of Georgia and adjacent states. Timber Press,
Portland, Oregon.
Burt, W. H., and R. P. Grossenheider. 1976. A field guide to the mammals: North America
north of Mexico. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Conant, R., and Joseph T. Collins. 1991. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and
l central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Technical
Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiments Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Foote, L. E., and S. B. Jones, Jr. 1989. Native shrubs and woody vines of the southeast. Timber
Press, Portland, Oregon.

Godfrey, R. K., and J. W. Wooten. 1979. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United
States. Volume 1: Monocotyledons. University of Georgia Press, Athens.
Godfrey, R. K., and J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and wetland plants of southeastern United
States. Volume 2: Dicotyledons. University of Georgia Press, Athens.

Kral, Robert. 1983. A report on some Rare, Threatened, or Endangered forest-related vascular
plants of the south. USDA Forest Service Technical Publication R8-TP 2. USDA Forest Service,
Atlanta.
LeGrand, Harry E. Jr., and Stephen P. Hall 1993. North Carolina Heritage Program. Division of
Parks and Recreation. N.C. Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
i
C
Munsell Color. 1992. Munsell soil color charts. MacBeth Division, Kollmorgen Instruments
Corporation, Baltimore.
i
North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources. 1992. Protected
Wildlife of North Carolina. Raleigh.
North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. 1998. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program
County species list. Division of Parks and Recreation. North Carolina Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
Reed, P. B., Jr. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: Southeast (Region 2).
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Research and Development,
Washington, D.C. Biological Report 88 (26.2).

7

f

~y

Schafele, J. & Weakley, R. 1990. Classification of Natural Communities of North Carolina.
Second Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Raleigh.

Scott, S. L, editor. 1987. Field guide to the birds of North America: second edition. National
Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
Smith, Richard M. 1998. Wildflowers of the Southern Mountains. University of Tennessee
I Press, Knoxville.

Snyder, L. H., Jr., and J. G. Bruce. 1986. Field guide to the ferns and other pteridophytes of
Georgia. University of Georgia Press, Athens.

Soil Conservation Service (SCS). 1991. Hydric soils of the United States. In cooperation with
the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1992. "Clarification and interpretation of the 1987 manual."
Memorandum composed by A. E. Williams, Major General, Directorate of Civil Works, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C.
` U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. National Wetlands Inventory draft map, 7.5 minute series,
Fines Creek, North Carolina quadrangle. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989. 50 CFR Part 17: Endangered and threatened wildlife and
ca plants; animal notice of review. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990a. 50 CFR Part 17: Endangered and threatened wildlife and
plants; review of plant taxa for listing as endangered or threatened species; notice of review.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990b. 50 CFR Part 17.11 and 17.12: Endangered and threatened
wildlife and plants. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
` U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1992. National Wetlands Inventory draft maps, 7.5 minute
t series, Cove Creek Gap, and Fines Creek, North Carolina quadrangles. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994. Endangered and threatened species of the southeastern
United States. Notebook and update to Region 4. U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1998. Listed species in Haywood County. Asheville Field
Office.

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1987. Cove Creek Gap, North Carolina quadrangle, 7.5 minute
series topographic map. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1976. FinesCreek, North Carolina quadrangle, 7.5 minute
series topographic map. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C.

Weakley, Alan S. 1993. Natural Heritage Program List of the Rare Plant Species of North
Carolina. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Division of Parks and Recreation. N.C.
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Raleigh.
x

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APPENDIX 1. RARE AND PROTECTED PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES OF
HAYWOOD COUNTY

= COMMON NAME LEGAL HABITAT PRESENCE IN
Scientific Name STATUS" REQUIREMENTS STUDY AREA**

Animals

Appalachian Bewick's Wren NE Highland woodland borders, farms, HP, NO
i Thryomanes bewickii altus and fields
Appalachian Elktoe FE,NE Tennessee drainages (Little Tennessee NP
Alasmidonta raveneliana and Nolichucky rivers)
j Bald Eagle FT, NT Inland waterways and estuarian NP
Haliaeetus leucocephalis areas in Georgia.
Black-Capped Chickadee NSC High elevation forests, feeding NP
Parus atricapillus in lower elevations
L7 Bog Turtle NT Open wet areas MP, NO
Clemmys muhlenbergii
- Carolina Northern Flying Squirrel FE, NE High elevation forests NP
Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus
Cooper's Hawk NSC Forests and edges HP, NO
Accipeter cooperh
s Eastern Cougar FE, NE Wilderness areas NP
e; Felis concolor cougar
Engraved Covert NT Endemic to Plott Balsam mountains NP
Mesodon orestes
Golden-Crowned Kinglet NSC Forests MP,NO
Regulus satrapa
Hellbender NSC Large, clear, fast streams NP
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
Lamellate Supercoil NSC Southern half of mountains NP
Paravitrea lamellidens
Longtail Salamander NSC Moist woods and floodplains NP
Li Eurycea longicauda longicauda
Long-Tailed Shrew NSC High elevation forest slopes NP
Sorex dispar and outcrops
L Mountain Chorus Frog NSC Forests near pools, in extreme NP
Pseudacris brachyphona southwest mountains
Northern Saw-Whet Owl NSC High elevation forests NP
r Aegolius acdicus
a- Olive-Sided Flycatcher NSC Montane conifer forests NP
Contopus cooperi
Queen Crater NSC Southern half of the mountains NP
Mesodon chilhoweensis
Smoky Mountain Covert NT Endemic to Smoky Sountains and NP
Mesodon ferrissi Plott Balsams
Southern Rock Vole FSC, NSD High elevation rocky outrops, forests NP
Microtus chrotorrhinus carolinensis and fields
Southern Appalachian Woodrat NSC Rocky areas in deciduous or mixed MP, NO
Neotoma floridana haematoreia forests
lj Southern Water Shrew NSC Montane forest spring banks MP
Sorex palustris punctulatus
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U Southern Zigzag Salamander NSC Springs MP, NO
Plethodon dorsalis
Velvet Covert NSC Central mountains from Avery to
Mesodon subpalliatus Haywood counties
Plants
Eli Alabama Least Trillium NE Rich cove forests MP, NO
Trillium pusillum var 1
Royal Catchfly FC, NT Rich Forests, calcerous bluffs. MP, NO
F Silene ovata
Fraser's Loosestrife NE Forests and roadsides MP, NO
Lysimachia fraseri
Piratebush NE Bluffs or lower slope forests MP, NO
Buckleya distichophylla
Queen of the Prairie NE Bogs and wet meadows' NP
Filipendula rubra
Rock Gnome Lichen FE, NT High elevation rocky outcrops NP
Gymnoderma lineare
Liverwort NE Areas within sprayzone of falls NP
Plagiochila caduciloba
Rugel's Ragwort NT Spruce-fir forests NP
Rugelia nudicaulis
Small Whorled Pogonia NE Open hardwood forest, especially MP, NO
Isotria medeoloides with pine.
Smoky Mountain Mannagrass NT High elevation seeps NP
Glyceria nubigena
Tall Larkspur NE-SC Grassy areas, woodlands MP, NO
Delphinium exaltatum
*LEGAL STATUS:
FE Listed as Endangered, FWS.
FT Listed as Threatened, FWS.
FC Candidate for federal listing [not legally protected].
NE Listed as Endangered by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture or North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
NT Listed as Threatened by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture or North
Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
SR Listed as Significantly Rare by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program [not legally
protected]
**PRESENCE IN STUDY AREA:
HP Habitat present on study area.
MP Marginal habitat present on study area
NP Habitat not present on study area.
SP Species present on study area.
NO Species not observed on study area.
NS Specialized sampling required; not conducted during this survey.

I' 3

APPENDIX 2. SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF COMMONLY
FOUND PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES

Common Name Scientific Name

Plant species
American holly Ilex opaca
Arabis laevigata Arabis laevigata
Baneberry Actaea pachypoda
Beggar-lice Desmodium sp.
Blackberry Rubus sp.
Black cohosh Cimicifuga racemiflora
Black willow Salix nigra
Bluebell Campamula divaricata
Blueberry Vaccinium sp.
Blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides
g Broomsedge Andropogon spp.
Buckeye Aesculus sp.
- Buttercup Ranunculus sp.
Canada hemlock Tsuga canadensis
Catbrier Smilax sp.
Cattail Typha latifolia
Chinese privet Lugustrum sinense
Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides
Cocklebur Agrimony spp.
Cranefly orchid Tipularia discolor
Cucumber tree Magnolia fraseri
Dandelions Taraxacum sp.
Duck-potato Sagittaria sp.
Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
Elephant's foot Elephantopus sp.
False nettle Boehmeria cylindrica
False Solomon's seal Uvularia
Fescue Festuca sp.
Flowering dogwood Corpus florida
Giant cane Arundinaria gigantea
Goldenrod Solidago spp.
_ Grape Vitis rotundifolia
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Honewort Cryptotaenia canadensis
Houstonia Houstonia purpurea
Ironweed Vernonia novaeboracensis
Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica
jewelweed Impatiens capensis
Leatherflower Clematis sp.
Liverleaf Hepatica acutiloba
Maidenhare fern Adiantum pedatum
May-apple Podophyllum peltatum
Meadowrue Thalictrum thalictroides
Microstegium Microstegium vamineum
Milkvine Mikamia scandens
Mountain mint Pycnanthemum sp.

i

Musclewood Carpinus caroliniana
Pignut hickory Carya glabra
Pipsissewa Chimaphila maculata
Pitch pine Pinus rigida
Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans
Pokeweed Phytolacca americana
I'I Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota
1 Ragweed Artemesia sp.
Rattlesnake plantain Goodyera pubescens
Red maple Acer rubrum
r Rose pink Sabatia angularis
Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula
Sedges Carex spp. and Cyperus spp.
Shortleaf pine Pinus echinata
' Smartweed Polygonum sp.
Soft rush Juncus effusus
LA. Solomon's seal Smilacina racemosa
Sunflower Helianthus sp.
Sweet cicely Osmorhiza claytonii
Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua
Sycamore Platantis occidentalis
Tear thumb Polygonum spp.
Tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera
Umbrella magnolia Magnolia tripetala
Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Water oak Quercus nigra
White baneberry Actaea pachypoda
White oak Quercus alba
White pine Pinusstrobus
Wild ginger Hexastylis virginianuni
E Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus
Animal species
American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos
t Blue jay Cyanocitta cristata
Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis
Carolina chickadee Parus carolinensis
Carolina wren Thryosurus ludovicianus
Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens
Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina
Eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus
European starling Sturnus vulgaris
Fence lizard Sceloporits undulatus undulatus
Gray squirrel Sciura carolinensis
Hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus
Mockingbird Mimus polyglottus
Mosquitofish Gambusia affinnis
Mourning dove Zenaida macroura
Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus
Raccoon Procyon lotor
' Red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus
Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus
' Robin Turdus migratorius
Ruby-throated hummingbird Archilocus colubris

Rufous-sided towhee Pipilo erythropthalmus
Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus
Tufted titmouse Parus bicolor
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus
White-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis
Yelow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius
Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata
Yellow-shafted flicker Colaptes auratus

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APPENDIX 3. FIGURES
Lt

Location of Project Area.

2. Ecological Communities, Wetlands, and Waters of the United States.

3. Fallow Field.
4. Pine-Hardwood Forest Community.

5. Mesic Hardwood Forest Community.

6. Dense Poison Ivy in Understory
r
7. Palustrine Emergent Wetland
8. Spring-Fed Perennial Stream- Waters of the U.S.
L

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Lake MAt~L Ernestville

321 ~N
? 7 Parr rA Flag'
ottsville . PDndi
2K~~. " 70 f P t2
23 ' ,
hestnut®
Hill
4 A0~ ~ HOt
y t' A jit
pine Mt I5
$Pr
6 al SO(/TNFRN
Cosby NATIONAL :Y Bfu ,f 1crrP ITIU re k ''pCENrE*V--;-•
OREST 1tx'Pstc 3 8 ~ 2
a 213
V Mar
321 ryJoe Cprf' 8 Marsha Hill p t?t
J, 4 . a r-
PIS Ak 8
svillet Cyj
j s s eyo a k~ xr ka DAM FOREST.+y ~ 251 25 ~
^~1: '4. 7aS tfrw'~ ` [{C71L'1'L~[11Q 63 Cant e/R
Lake s t. Niu
Alexander
*t r ' 5 ' a 3Weaverv
6
rrr•; h
PROJECT LOCATION: ~ D '
r ~,tW,Ql/I,/ 2tJ9 Leicester 1e 694

+~l=.+''y+9llt N~'INT004~Q ~ [ • ` r
leak. Kt7,rr:v,aiaan;. Crabtree:.
261.. , ASHE LL 6
~rrp , 7
+ A HEROK r4X.PLRCC'irtER
,dNOS7 r~J y; k ~ , .
7 ! i
3k-r Dell- 276 g
'
U wood w p
19 Enka{
IND. RES. ' _ 4 L CI de' WHO uther`FC'ddl
per~ 112 gl "E
gg
E: rokeej~ ~1 Valle l~ p JU~alus c r 7 A a ALT
rwnr 25
114
SV
We1T[Ry - K KNO's r 3
4 t; az 276
,Nr fs~An N, , s
B.R. X.a 225 7 157
I 10 23' Ctus ~,r. N MILtS .
z- x k,v~,r Fl;
nburst Cold Mln I gH
r M III 280
BA SU Rsr 6000 ?9 ti IVer. 2
bor Rich/and Ba/se ,
3 ~2 23 PtSGAH KATIE, AIL 12 Mtn. ome
23 116 3 ,gem tio4,
I r osrr
8 a Horse Shoe 8 191Y
PINK,&
NCB. 15 ~NrTE PINT
o Miles 20 ~A 4 n rson vine
North Er CR, A 28 / RIV. East Flat
y
i~ 0 Kilometers 30 MORE FLArs 8 enrose Fla C
Rti~RO p .G peR ARD Liti1e River
C LL. CA. SANL
V3/G CEN. 97 Rrpvhrd HOME NO
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Figure 1. Location of the Project Area.

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Figure 2. Ecological Communities, Jurisdictional

1

Figure 3. Fallow Field.

Figure 4. Pine Hardwood Forest.

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Figure 3. Fallow Field.
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Figure 4. Pine Hardwood Forest.

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Figure 5. Mesic Hardwood Forest.

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Figure 6. Dense Poison Ivy in Understory.

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Figure 7. Yalustrine Emergent Wetland.

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Figure 8. Spring-Fed Stream - Waters of the U.S.
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APPENDIX 4. COE WETLAND DATA FORMS

DATA FORM
..ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
• (1987 COE Wetlands. Delineation Manual)

Pr.oject/Site• W&4 r" Date.:.' N1 Applicant/Owner• -4.1 U County:

Investigato . State: G, .

Do Normal-Circumstances exist on the site? ee N Community ID:
f Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical Situation)? -Yes Transact ID:
Is the area a potential Problem. Area? Yes Plot ID: am w
(If needed, explain on reverse.)

V EG ETATI O N

Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Soacies Stratum' Indicator

• 1 t
2. r f 1o.

kL Fj~r, V1 '13.
5. z 14. '

/ -r - 15.
L
1
Percent of Dominant Species 'that are OBL, FACW or FAC
---(excluding FAC-):
'Remarks: n ~ ~ . •

LHYDROLOGY

L Recorded Data (Describe in Remarks): Wetland Hydrology indicators:
_Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge Primary Indicators:
L
.-Aerial Photographs __.In ndated
/ Other -Saturated in Upper 12 Inches
r/No Recorded Data Available ater Marks
' Drift Lines
_'-;~edimant Deposits
Field "Observations: Drain go Patterns in Wetlands
Secondary Indi ators (2 or more required):
Depth of Surface Water: Gn.) ' Oxidized Root Channeld in Upper 12 Inches
_~4ater-Stained Leaves
Depth to Free Water in Pit: in..) _ Local Soil Survey Data
_ FAC-Neutr-al Test
` *30~bepth to Saturated.Soil: (in.) _ other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:

APPENDIX 5. RESUME OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

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WILLIAM R. NETHERY

EDUCATION
(Ecology), North Carolina State University, 1991
B.S.,1 try (Biology), North Carolina State University, 1987
3
Specialized Training and Certification
Qualified Consultant for Environmentally Sensitive Property, State of Georgia
Native Grasses for the Southeast U.S., North Carolina Arboretum, 1997
Coastal Plain Wetland Delineation, University of Georgia, 1995
Shigo on Trees Workshop, 1995
Groundwater and Associated Environmental Concerns Seminar, 1992
s Ninth Annual Forest Biology Symposium, 1990
P.C. SAS Basics Training Course, SAS Institute, 1989
Symposium on Barrier Island Ecology of the Atlantic Coast, 1989
Project Learning Tree Facilitator's Training, 1987
TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES

Mr. Nethery has 7+ years of experience encompassing:
r ^ • Wetlands Science
Protected Species
" Environmental Impact Assessment
• Environmental Compliance
• Urban Forestry
Hazardous Waste Assessment
REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIENCE

Mr. Nethery is Senior Environmental Scientist for TRC Garrow Associates Inc. He has
experience in planning, conducting, and managing ecological environmental studies, including
wetlands delineations, protected species surveys, mitigation planning and monitoring, and other
6 environmental studies. He has served as Scientist on numerous studies for over three years and
Senior Scientist/ Project Manager for at least three additional years.
Wetlands Science
King George County Landfill Mitigation Design and Implementation, King George, Virginia.
Serving as Senior Environmental Scientist in planning, design and implementation of 5-acre
wetland mitigation site in previously pastured drainage within landfill property. The project
purpose is to mitigate for 4.6 acres of wetland impacts during construction and operation of the
new King George County Landfill. The mitigation area will be converted to a forested wetland
by installing checkdams, grading, and planting wetland tree species. The site will be monitored
annually.
Niagara-Mohawk Natural Gas Pipeline Connector Project, Albany, New York. Serving as
Senior Environmental Scientist on 2.7 mile pipeline project, including associated access roads
and work spaces. Numerous wetlands were delineated in the project corridor and report is in
progress. Results of environmental surveys will be submitted to the New York Department of
Environmental Conservation for review.
W. Nethery Page 1

L Pipeline Project, Southern Mississippi. Served as subconsulting field crew leader,
wetlands sped ' t (and protected species scientist) on a 135-pipeline from the Gulf of Mexico
r a corn tation south of Meridian, Mississippi. Numerous wetlands, including salt
m t pine flatwoods, cypress
'Rd -gum swamps, maple-bay forests, and disturbed wetlands
Bated along the pipeline corridor.
w
Protected Species and Wetlands Delineation and Mitigation Plan, Barnesville Reservoir,
Georgia. Served as Senior Scientist for protected species survey and wetlands delineation for
a reservoir expansion Identified potential protected plant habitat in slope forests and
t floodplain forests in the project area. Eighteen acres of wetlands to be impacted required
mitigation. Conducted followup protected plant surveys and wrote mitigation concept and
detailed mitigation plan, which were accepted by the Corps of Engineers.
Maplewood Landfill Mitigation Monitoring, Amelia, Virginia. Serving as Senior
t Environmental Scientist in ongoing mitigation plan, including monitoring plots in 7-acre created
wetland. Vegetation, soils, and hydrology are recorded for each plot in addition to general
observations in the created wetland. Results are reported to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
as specified in the Mitigation Plan (Garrow & Associates and USA Waste, Inc.).
Landfill Expansion Wetlands and Protected Species Surveys, Wayne County, North Carolina.
i Served as Senior Environmental Scientist for wetlands and protected species surveys in this
project area. Most wetlands were in the undisturbed buffer zones, but several narrow drainages
in the impact area contained jurisdictional wetlands. Project qualified for a Nationwide Permit
based on our delineation of wetlands.
t' Protected Species
Effingham County Industrial Park, Protected Species Survey and Relocation, Georgia. Served
as Project Manager and Senior Scientist. Conducted initial protected species survey of partially
developed industrial park, finding active burrows of the gopher tortoise (state protected),
which potentially harbor indigo snake (federally protected). Hired indigo snake expert (Mr. Ed
Wester) to scope burrows and rule out presence of indigo snake. Worked with gopher tortoise
specialists (Dr. David Rostal, Georgia Southern University) to relocate 10 gopher tortoises from
the project area to a state Wildlife Management Area in Burke County Georgia.
t , ETNG-SONAT Natural Gas Pipeline, Wetlands and Protected Species Surveys, Catoosa
County, Georgia. Served as Senior Environmental Scientist for wetlands delineation and
protected species survey of an 8-mile pipeline corridor. Conducted additional surveys for
protected aquatic species (with subconsultant specialists) and one protected plant. Several
state protected fish species and one federally protected plant species were discovered in the
project area, necessitating reroutes and mitigation planning. Project was put on hold pending
L FERC rulings.
t
L Environmental Impact Assessment
Medical Training Facility EA, Fort Gordon, Georgia. Served as Technical Advisor/Editor and
Wetlands and Protected Species Scientist under contract to Hydrovision Inc., which received a
work order for an EA but had no experience with NEPA. The proposed training facility would
have minimal impacts, but the documentation had to be coordinated and reviewed and a site
visit was conducted to confirm reports of earlier surveys in the project area. Assisted with
writing, editing, and responding to reviewer comments.
W. Nethery Page 2

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P SIMAL AFFILIATIONS
'fAof ety o ds Scientists (SWS), since 1995

PUBLICATIONS
Master's Thesis: Effects of gibberellic acid and kinetin on coastal-source wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
t ^ seed germination. North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

Nethery, William R., and L. Jervis, 1990. Effects of Canopy Transmission of PAR Light on
j Cypripedium acaule in Schenck Forest. NCSU Forest Biology Research Center, Raleigh.
t
WORK HISTORY
Senior Environmental Scientist
TRC Garrow Associates Inc.
r 1997-present
s
Senior Environmental Scientist
Garrow & Associates, Inc.
1993-1997

t..

Cata Wr Raw water intake and Pump Station EA., Mecklenburg County, North
C tna. Served as Senior Environmental Scientist to Metcalf & Eddy for the Mecklenburg
County Utilities " artment. Conducted background research for primary, secondary, and
yfimplL cts, authored EA, and responded to agency comments. FONSI was written
ca~aulatj
basj4pWur EA.
1 Environmental Compliance and Miscellaneous Studies
ECAMP- Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina. Served as Project Scientist in
Environmental Compliance Agreement survey on the base. Investigated facilities for compliance
with chemical storage, waste disposal, and solid waste rules, erosion control regulations,
wetlands, protected species, and water quality planning and monitoring requirements.
Sedimentation and Erosion Control Violation Investigation-B&G Lumber Co., Yadkin County,
North Carolina. Served as forester and regulatory/ technical advisor to a lumber company that
had been cited for a violation of the Sedimentation and Erosion Control Act. Client had not
installed appropriate erosion control measures and left standing.timber so that current
landowners could develop property, causing logging company to lose exemption from the Act.
L Recommended installing all ordinary harvest site erosion control measures and removing
remaining timber (and replanting) to ensure that site remained in forestry.
Biological Inventory for Proposed North Chattahoochee River Nature Park, Fulton County,
- Georgia. Served as Senior Environmental Scientist for an inventory along the Chattahoochee
River adjacent to the Fulton Industrial Park. Mapped ecological communities, and associated
hydrology and soils information, disturbance, scenic value, and recreation and educational
values in a GIS coverage of ecological community polygons. Industrial isolation, previous
disturbance and development, severe pollution problems, and unstable substrates in the project
area presented excessively difficult problems in using this site as a nature park.
Urban Forestry
Tree Inventory and Management Plan. A street tree inventory and management plan was
prepared for the Historic District at Fort Benning, Georgia, as part of the Historic Preservation
Plan (by Garrow & Associates, Inc.) for Fort Benning. Served as Urban Forester and Project
Manager with Mr. Dudley Hartel (Information Systems, Inc.) as Consulting Urban Forester.
This inventory and plan involved recording pertinent data for some 4,000 street trees in the
Historic District that were suffering from neglect and poor management. Numerous removals-of
poor quality or hazardous trees were recommended, along with a strict. planting and
maintenance regime to lead toward a sustainable urban forest in the Historic District that is in
keeping with general planning principles espoused by early planners at Fort Benning.
Phase I Hazardous Waste Assessments
Wastewater Treatment Plant Expansion, Salisbury, North Carolina. Served as Environmental
Scientist on Phase I Audit (as part of state-level EA) for an expansion of the existing treatment
facility into a regional facility. Investigated reports of barrels and other potential toxic waste at
the project area.
Fire Department Renovations, Durham, North Carolina. Served as Environmental Scientist on
Phase I Audit of one firehouse in Durham. Verified LUST (petroleum) and recommended
corrective action before conducting transactions on the property.
Red Roof Inns, Atlanta, Georgia. Served as Environmental Scientist on Phase I Audit of one .
_ Red Roof Inn in Atlanta. Verified no environmental concerns on the property.
~T
W. Nethery Page 3

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