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Code of Federal Regulations
Title 40 - Protection of Environment
Volume 31
Date 2013-07-01
Original Date 2013-07-01
Title PART 449 - AIRPORT DEICING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Context Title 40 - Protection of Environment CHAPTER I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUBCHAPTER N - EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS
(CONTINUED)
Pt 449
PART 449—AIRPORT DEICING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Subpart A—Airport Deicing Category
Sec
4491 Applicability
4492 General definitions
449.10 Effluent limitations representing the best available technology economically
achievable (BAT)
44911 New source performance standards (NSPS)
449.20 Monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping requirements
Subpart B [Reserved]
Appendix A to Part 449—Sampling Protocol for Soluble COD
Authority33 U S C 1311, 1314, 1316, 1318, 1342, 1361 and 1370
Source- 77 FR 29203, May 16, 2012, unless otherwise noted
Subpart A—Airport Deicing Category
§ 449.1 Applicability
This part applies to discharges of pollutants from deicing operations at Primary Airports
§ 449 2 General definitions
The following definitions apply to this part
Aircraft deicing fluid (ADF) means a fluid (other than hot water) applied to aircraft to remove or
prevent any accumulation of snow or ice on the aircraft This includes deicing and anti -icing fluids
Airfield pavement means all paved surfaces on the airside of an airport
Airside means the part of an airport directly Involved in the arrival and departure of aircraft, Including
runways, taxiways, aprons, and ramps
Annual non propeller aircraft departures means the average number of commercial turbine -engine
aircraft that are propelled by let, / e, turbojet or turbofan, that take off from an airport on an annual
basis, as tabulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Available ADF means 75 percent of the normalized Type I aircraft deicing fluid and 10 percent of the
normalized Type IV aircraft deicing fluid, excluding aircraft deicing fluids used for defrosting or deicing
for safe taxiing
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Centralized deicing pad means a facility on an airfield designed for aircraft deicing operations,
typically constructed with a drainage system separate from the airport main storm drain system.
COD means Chemical Oxygen Demand.
Collection requirement means the requirement in § 449.11 for the permittee to collect available ADF.
Defrosting means the removal of frost contamination from an aircraft when there has been no active
precipitation.
Deicing mean procedures and practices to remove or prevent any accumulation of snow or ice on:
(1) An aircraft; or
(2) Airfield pavement.
Deicing for safe taxiing means the application of ADF necessary to remove snow or ice to prevent
damage to a taxiing aircraft.
FAA Advisory Circular means a guidance document issued by the FAA on methods, procedures, or
facility design.
Heating degree day means the number of degrees per day the daily average temperature is below 65
degrees Fahrenheit. The daily average temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum
temperature for a 24-hour period. The annual heating degree day value is derived by summing the
daily heating degree days over a calendar year period.
Normalized Type I or Type IV aircraft deicing fluid means ADF less any water added by the
manufacturer or customer before ADF application.
Primary Airport means an airport defined at 49 U.S.C. 47102 (15).
§ 449.10 Effluent limitations representing the best available technology economically
achievable (BATS.
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source with at least 1,000
annual non -propeller aircraft departures must comply with the following requirements representing the
degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of BAT. The BAT requirements for point
sources with less than 1,000 annual non -propeller aircraft departures are beyond the scope of this
regulation and shall be determined by the permit authority on a site-specific basis.
(a) Airfield pavement deicing. There shall be no discharge of airfield pavement deicers containing
urea. To comply with this limitation, any existing point source must certify annually that it does not
use airfield deicing products that contain urea or alternatively, airfield pavement discharges at every
discharge point must achieve the numeric limitations for ammonia in Table I, prior to any dilution or
commingling with any non -deicing discharge.
Table I—BAT Limitations
Wastestream
Pollutant
Daily maximum
Airfield Pavement Deicing
Ammonia as Nitrogen
14.7 mg/L.
(b) [Reserved]
§ 449.11 New source performance standards (NSPS).
New sources with at least 1,000 annual non -propeller aircraft departures must achieve the following
new source performance standards. The new source performance standards for point sources with
less than 1,000 annual non -propeller aircraft departures are beyond the scope of this part and shall be
determined by the permit authority on a site-specific basis.
(a) Aircraft deicing. Except for new airports located in Alaska, all new sources located in an area that,
at the time of construction, had more than 3,000 annual heating degree days, and are estimated,
within five years of commencing operations, to exceed 10,000 annual departures, must comply with
the following requirements upon the date the facility exceeds 10,000 annual departures. New source
performance standards that apply prior to that date, new source performance standards for sources
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that project they will not exceed 10,000 annual departures within five years of commencing
operations, and new performance standards for airports in Alaska, are beyond the scope of this
regulation and shall be determined by the permit authority on a site-specific basis
(1) Collection requirement The new source must collect at least 60 percent of available ADF
(2) Numencal effluent limitation The new source must achieve the performance standards in Table I I
for available ADF collected pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section The limitation must be met at
the location where the effluent leaves the onsite treatment system utilized for meeting these
requirements and before commingling with any non -deicing discharge
Table II—NSPS
Wastestream
Pollutant
Daily maximum
Weekly average
Aircraft Deicing
COD
271 mg/L
154 mg/L
(b) Airfield pavement deicing There shall be no discharge of airfield pavement deicers containing
urea To comply with this limitation, any new source must certify annually that It does not use airfield
deicing products that contain urea or alternatively, airfield pavement discharges at every discharge
point must achieve the numeric limitations for ammonia in Table III, prior to any dilution or
commingling with any non -deicing discharge
Table III—NSPS
Wastestream
Pollutant
Daily maximum
Airfield Pavement Deicing
Ammonia as Nitrogen
14 7 mg/L
§ 449 20 Monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping requirements
(a) Demonstrating compliance with the ADF collection requirement for dischargers subject to NSPS
collection requirements In § 449 11 Except as provided In 40 CFR 125 30 through 125 32, an
Individual permittee shall select a procedure under either paragraphs (a)(1), (2), or (3) of this section In
Its permit application as the procedure for the permittee to demonstrate compliance with the applicable
collection, reporting and recordkeeping requirements of this Part A procedure selected by the
permittee under paragraph (a)(2) of this section may be Included in the permit only with the Director's
approval, as described In paragraph (a)(2) of this section For general permits, use of alternative
methods for determining compliance with the ADF collection requirement for dischargers subject to
NSPS collection requirements In this part will be at the discretion of the Director
(1) The permittee shall maintain records to demonstrate, and certify annually, that It is operating and
maintaining one or more centralized deicing pads This technology shall be operated and maintained
according to the technical specifications set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section
For both individual and general permits, these technical specifications shall be expressly set forth as
requirements in the permit The permittee's demonstration and valid certification are sufficient to meet
the applicable NSPS collection requirement without the permittee having to determine the numeric
percentage of available ADF collected
(I) Each centralized deicing pad shall be sized and sited In accordance with all applicable FAA
advisory circulars
(ii) Drainage valves associated with the centralized deicing pad shall be activated before deicing
activities commence, to collect available ADF
(iii) The centralized deicing pad and associated collection equipment shall be Installed and maintained
per any applicable manufacturers' Instructions, and shall be inspected, at a minimum, at the beginning
of each deicing season to ensure that the pad and associated equipment are In working condition
(iv) All aircraft deicing shall take place on a centralized deicing pad, with the exception of defrosting
and deicing for safe taxiing
(2) Altemat►ve technology or specifications (I) An Individual permit (or a general permit at the
discretion of the Director) may allow one of the following alternative procedures for demonstrating
compliance with Its collection requirement, Instead of the procedure in paragraph (a)(1) of this section
The permittee must submit all Information and documentation necessary to support this request An
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Individual permittee may request this alternative procedure in Its Initial permit application or permit
renewal application During the term of an Individual permit, the permittee may also request this
alternative procedure as a permit modification, subject to the requirements and procedures at 40 CFR
122 62 and 40 CFR part 124 If the Director determines, in his or her discretion, that the requested
alternative procedure will achieve the collection requirement in the permit, the Director shall approve
the request
(A) The use of a different ADF collection technology from the centralized deicing pad technology
specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, or
(B) The use of the same ADF collection technology, but with different specifications for operation
and/or maintenance
(ii) Pollution prevention credit A permittee may apply for, and obtain, full or partial credit towards
compliance with the available ADF collection requirement To obtain credit the permittee must
demonstrate to the Director's satisfaction that it employs a pollution prevention technique that reduces
the volume of, or quantity of, pollutants In, available ADF The credit shall be equivalent to the
demonstrated reduction, as determined by the Director
(Ili) The Director shall set forth technical specifications for proper operation and maintenance of the
chosen collection technology, as appropriate, and compliance with these technical specifications
must be required by the permit The permit shall also require the permittee to maintain records
sufficient to demonstrate compliance with these requirements This demonstration constitutes
compliance by the permittee with the percent capture requirement without the permittee having to
determine the numeric percentage of ADF that it has collected Before the Director may approve an
alternate technology under this subsection, the permittee must demonstrate to the Director's
satisfaction that the alternate technology will achieve the applicable percent capture requirement
(3) The permittee shall maintain records, by means deemed acceptable by the Director, and report at
a frequency determined by the Director, on the volume of ADF sprayed and the amount of available
ADF collected in order to determine the compliance with the collection requirement
(b) Monitonng requ►rements—(1) COD limitation Permittees subject to the ADF collection and
discharge requirements specified in § 449 11 must conduct effluent monitoring to demonstrate
compliance with the COD limitation for all ADF that Is collected Compliance must be demonstrated
at the location where the effluent leaves the on-site treatment system utilized for meeting these
requirements and before commingling with any non -deicing discharge Effluent samples must be
collected following the protocol In Appendix A to this part
(2) Ammonia limitation If a permittee chooses to comply with the compliance alternative specified in
§ 449 10(a) or § 449 11(b), the permittee must conduct effluent monitoring at all locations where
pavement deicing with a product that contains urea is occumng, prior to any dilution or commingling
with any non -deicing discharge
(c) Recordkeeping (1) The permit shall provide that the permittee must maintain on site, during the
term of the permit, up to five years, records documenting compliance with paragraphs (a) through (b)
of this section These records include, but are not limited to, documentation of wastewater samples
collected and analyzed, certifications, and equipment maintenance schedules and agreements
(2) At the Director's discretion, a requirement may be included in the permit for the permittee to
collect, and maintain on site during the term of the permit, up to five (5) years of data on the annual
volume of ADF used
Subpart B [Reserved]
Pt. 449, App A
Appendix A to Part 449—Sampling Protocol for Soluble COD
This sampling protocol applies only to samples collected for use In measurement
of COD when demonstrating compliance with the regulations set forth in this part
Collect a representative sample of the effluent from the airport deicing treatment
system, based on the discharge permit requirements (e g , a grab sample or a
composite sample) Because only the COD sample is filtered, do not use In-line
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filters if collecting a sample with a compositing device
A Grab Samples
1 Cap the container and shake the grab sample vigorously to mix it Remove the plunger from a 10 -
milliliter (mL) or larger Luer -lock plastic syringe equipped with an Acrodisc Luer -lock filter containing a
1 5 -pm glass fiber filter (Whatman 934 -AH, or equivalent), and fill the syringe body with sample
2 Replace the plunger and filter the sample Into a clean 50 -mL screw -cap glass, plastic, or
fluoropolymer bottle
Note
If testing is being done in the field, or with a test kit product (e g , Hach Method
8000), the filtrate may be collected in the test kit vial or container
3 Additional 10 -mL volumes of sample may be filtered and the filtrate added to the same sample
bottle This additional volume may be used to repeat sample analyses or to prepare Quality Control
(QC) samples, as needed
4 Unless the filtered sample will be analyzed within 15 minutes, preserve the filtered sample with
H2SO4 to pH <2 Cap the bottle and label with the sample number Place in a cooler on Ice prior to
shipping
5 Once at the analytical laboratory, the sample must be stored at <_6 degrees Celsius and analyzed
within 28 days of collection (see the requirements for COD in Table II at 40 CFR part 136)
6 Analyze the sample using a method approved for COD in Table IB at 40 CFR part 136
Note
Because this procedure is specific to this point source category, it does not
appear by name in 40 CFR part 136
7 Report the sample results as Soluble COD in units of milligrams per liter (mg/L) There is no
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number for soluble COD
B. Composite Samples
1 If the sample will be analyzed in a fixed laboratory (as opposed to field testing), transfer at least 50
mL of well -mixed sample from the compositing device into a clean 50 -mL screw -cap glass, plastic, or
fluoropolymer bottle Preserve the sample with H2SO4 to pH <2 Cap the bottle and label with the
sample number Place in a cooler on ice prior to shipping
2 Once at the analytical laboratory, the sample must be stored at :56 degrees Celsius and analyzed
within 28 days of collection (see the requirements for COD in Table II at 40 CFR part 136)
3 Prior to analysis, remove the sample from cold storage and allow it to warm to room temperature
Shake the sample vigorously to mix it
4 Remove the plunger from a 10 -mL or larger Luer -lock plastic syringe equipped with an Acrodisc
Luer -lock filter containing a 1 5 -Nm glass fiber filter (Whatman 934 -AH, or equivalent), and fill the
syringe body with sample
5 Replace the plunger and filter the sample into a clean COD vial or other suitable container
6 Additional 10 -mL volumes of sample may be filtered and the filtrate added to separate containers,
as needed, to provide samples for repeat analyses or to prepare QC samples
17 Analyze the sample using a method approved for COD in Table 1B at 40 CFR part 136
Note
Because this procedure is specific to this point source category, it does not
appear by name in 40 CFR part 136
8 Report the sample results as Soluble COD in units of mg/L There is no CAS Registry Number for
soluble COD
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