NC0004987_Assessment of Balanced & Indgenous Populations in Lake Norman_20090202

ASSESSMENT OF BALANCED AND INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
IN LAKE NORMAN NEAR MARSHALL STEAM STATION
NPDES Permit No. NC0004987
Principal Investigators:
Michael A.Abney
William J.Foris
James J.Hall
RECEIVED
NOV 2 2009
DUKE ENERGY DENR - WATER QUALITY
Corporate EHS Services POINT SOURCE BRANCH
McGuire Environmental Center
13339 Hagers Ferry Road
Huntersville,NC 28078
October 2009

,
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to express their gratitude to a number of individuals who made significant
contributions to this report. First, we are much indebted to the EHS Scientific Services field
staff in carrying out a complex, multiple-discipline sampling effort that provides the
underpinning of this report. Kim Baker, Bob Doby, James Hall, Bryan Kalb, Glenn Long,
and Todd Lynn were vital contributors in completing fisheries collections and sample
processing. James Hall, Aileen Lockhart, Shannon McCorkle, and Jan Williams contributed
in macroinvertebrate sampling, sorting and taxonomic processing.
We would also like to thank multiple reviewers; including Penny Franklin, Duane Harrell,
Ron Lewis, and John Velte. The insightful commentary and suggestions from these
individuals,and also between co-authors,have benefited the report in myriad ways.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1-1
CHAPTER 2- STATION OPERATION 2-1
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2-1
THERMAL DATA 2-2
CONCLUSIONS 2-3
CHAPTER 3- MACROINVERTEBRATES 3-1
MATERIALS AND METHODS 3-1
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3-2
Substrate 3-2
Water Quality 3-2
Density 3-2
Taxa 3-3
CONCLUSIONS 3-4
CHAPTER 4- FISH 4-1
MATERIALS AND METHODS 4-1
Summer Electrofishing Surveys 4-1
Spring Electrofishing Surveys 4-1
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys 4-2
Balanced and Indigenous Assessment 4-2
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4-2
Summer Electrofishing Surveys 4-2
Spring Electrofishing Surveys 4-3
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys 4-4
CONCLUSIONS 4-4
LITERATURE CITED L-1
APPENDIX TABLES A-1
iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Annual monitoring of physicochemical characteristics and assessments of macroinvertebrate
and fish populations at selected locations in Lake Norman continued through 2008, in
accordance with an agreement with the North Carolina Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (NCDENR). This report presents data collected from 2004 through 2008.
Results of data analyses completed since submittal of the previous report in 2003 are
reported and support renewal of the existing permitted thermal limits for Marshall Steam
Station(MSS).
MSS operated continuously from 2004 through 2008,and station operation during this period
was similar to previous years. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77% over the five-
year period. Monthly average discharge water temperatures at MSS were in compliance with
NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 °F (34.4 °C)July 1 through October 31 and 91.9 °F
(33.3 °C)the rest of each year over this five-year period.
Sampling of macroinvertebrate communities continued during 2004 — 2008. Beginning in
2005, water temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels were measured at each location in
conjunction with macroinvertebrate sampling. The macroinvertebrate data exhibit
substantial variability, however, the variability is consistent with that observed for historical
data. The data for the current study exhibit the same general density and taxa diversity
trends noted during the previous study period, except in 2006, when macroinvertebrate
densities at the MSS discharge canal increased dramatically to 13,520/m2 and were
dominated by 14 taxa of Oligochaeta. Water temperatures were slightly higher in the MSS
discharge canal, but overall, similar to other macroinvertebrate sampling locations. DO
levels were much lower at the MSS discharge canal than other macroinvertebrate sampling
locations. Current study results indicate that, overall, the macroinvertebrate densities and
taxa diversity observed during 2004—2008 at locations uplake, downlake, and in the vicinity
of MSS are indicative of balanced and indigenous macroinvertebrate communities in these
locations.
Monitoring and assessment of the fish communities near MSS also continued during 2004—
2008 and indicated that a diverse fish community was present in the littoral portions of Lake
Norman around MSS. Trophic groups present include planktivores, insectivores, omnivores,
and piscivores. The MSS discharge canal yielded the highest total number of fish among
iv

locations, while also exhibiting the lowest DO (< 2.0 mg/L) among locations each summer.
Spring fish collections were more variable among years. Current study results were
consistent with previous years and similar to other Catawba River reservoirs.
Lake Norman forage fish populations remained fairly stable during 2004 —2008. Threadfm
shad Dorosoma petenense remain the dominant species, and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus
numbers have been relatively low since 2004. Forage fish densities in Lake Norman are
similar to those noted in other Catawba River reservoirs of similar trophic status.
Based on the diversity and biomass of the Lake Norman littoral fish community, the
abundance of fish in the MSS discharge canal, and the abundance of forage fish available to
limnetic predators, it is concluded that the thermal regimes resulting from the operation of
MSS have supported the protection and propagation of a balanced and indigenous fish
community in Lake Norman.
Comparison of MSS operation and environmental monitoring data indicate that balanced and
indigenous populations of macro invertebrates and fish continue to exist in Lake Norman in
the vicinity of MSS. This supports a conclusion that the present thermal limits should be
maintained when the Station NPDES permit is renewed.
v

LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1-1 Description of Lake Norman sampling locations in the vicinity of MSS,
Catawba County,NC. 1-2
2-1 Marshall Steam Station CCW flow rate for each unit for 1,2,and 3-pump
operation 2-4
3-1 General descriptions of the substrate found at Locations A,B,F, and E in the
vicinity of MSS during July of 2004 through 2008. 3-5
3-2 Water quality parameters measured at the time of macroinvertebrate collections
from Locations A,B,F, and E from 2004—2008. 3-5
3-3 Densities(no./m2)of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location A
(uplake of MSS) from 2000—2008. 3-6
3-4 Densities(no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location B
(near MSS discharge) from 2000—2008. 3-9
3-5 Densities(no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location F
(mid-lake near MSS) from 2000—2008. 3-11
3-6 Densities(no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location E
(downlake of MSS) from 2000—2008. 3-14
4-1 Number of individuals,percent composition, and number of species in summer
electrofishing surveys from five locations(A—E)in Lake Norman, 1991 — 1993,
1994— 1999,2000—2003, and 2004—2008. 4-6
4-2 Number of individuals,percent composition, and number of species in spring
electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS and REF)in Lake Norman, 1993—
1997 and 1999,2000—2003, and 2004—2008. 4-7
4-3 Forage fish species composition and modal threadfm shad total length(TL) class
in purse seine surveys in Lake Norman, 1993—2008. 4-8
vi

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1-1 Sampling locations on Lake Norman. 1-3
2-1 The daily and monthly average water temperature(°F)of the condenser cooling
water discharged from MSS and percent capacity from January 1,2004 through
December 31, 2008 2-5
3-1 Density(no./m2)of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Lake Norman
near MSS from 2000—2008. 3-17
3-2 Total number of taxa collected annually from Lake Norman near MSS from 2000
—2008 3-17
3-3 Density(no./m2)of Oligochaeta,Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location A(uplake of MSS) from 2000—2008. 3-18
3-4 Density(no./m2)of Oligochaeta, Diptera,and Corbicula collected annually from
Location B (near MSS discharge) from 2000—2008. 3-18
3-5 Density(no./m2) of Oligochaeta,Diptera,and Corbicula collected annually from
Location F(mid-lake near MSS) from 2000—2008. 3-19
3-6 Density(no./m2) of Oligochaeta,Diptera,and Corbicula collected annually from
Location E(downlake of MSS) from 2000—2008 3-19
4-1 Sampling locations and zones associated with fishery assessments in Lake
Norman 4-9
4-2 CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location A in Lake Norman, 1994—2008. 4-10
4-3 CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location B in Lake Norman, 1994—2008 4-10
4-4 CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location C in Lake Norman, 1994—2008 4-11
4-5 CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location D in Lake Norman, 1994—2008. 4-11
4-6 CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location E in Lake Norman, 1994—2008 4-12
4-7 Number of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas(MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008. 4-12
4-8 Biomass of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008. 4-13
4-9 Number of fish species collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas
(MSS and REF)in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008 4-13
4-10 Zonal and lake-wide population estimates of pelagic forage fish in Lake Norman,
1997—2008 4-14
vii

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Annual monitoring of physicochemical characteristics and assessments of macroinvertebrate
and fish populations at selected locations in Lake Norman continued through 2008 (Table 1-
1 and Figure 1-1), in accordance with an agreement with the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). Physicochemical and biological data were
collected at locations near Marshall Steam Station (MSS) and included a location upstream
of the facility (Location A), two sites within the immediate projected impact of MSS's
discharge (Locations B and C) and three downstream recovery sites (Locations D, E, and F),
presumably outside the influence of the effluent plume(Figure 1-1).
The objectives of this on-going monitoring program are to provide an assessment of the
balanced and indigenous nature of the biological populations in Lake Norman with respect to
the thermal discharge from MSS and evaluate renewal of thermal limits at the station. The
thermal limit for MSS is a monthly average discharge (i.e., end-of-pipe) temperature limit of
93.9 °F (34.4 °C) during July 1 through October 31, and 91.9 °F (33.3 °C) the rest of each
year.
Regulatory review of past studies have determined, pursuant to Section 316(a) of the Clean
Water Act that the thermal discharge of MSS ensures the protection and propagation of
balanced, indigenous populations in Lake Norman. This report presents data collected since
submittal of the previous summary reports (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999,
2004a) and includes data collected from 2004 through 2008. These data were also compared
with other past and present on-going environmental monitoring programs conducted in this
watershed.
1-1

Table 1-1. Description of Lake Norman sampling locations in the vicinity of MSS, Catawba County,NC.
Approximate river
Report miles upstream of
Location Duke Power the Cowans Ford
Designation Location# Location Description County Hydro Longitude Latitude
A 15.5 The first cove on the left upstream from MSS intake cove. Catawba 16.9 -80.9461 35.6163
First cove along northern shoreline going into the MSS CCW
B 14.7 discharge cove. Catawba 13.9 -80.9573 35.5942
C 14.5 Inside MSS discharge canal. Catawba 13.9 -80.9644 35.5951
Large cove halfway between channel markers 14&15 on the
D 13.0 west side of the channel. Catawba 12.7 -80.9527 35.5753
Cove formerly proposed for power plant site intake or
E 19.0 discharge. Iredell 9.0 -80.9301 35.5297
Left shoreline,approximately 100 meters uplake of Channel
F 34.0 Marker 13. Catawba 11.5 -80.9569 35.5544
N

Lookout Shoals Hydro
dr.
• Monitoring locations
r 'to` -
ri
A (15.5 _
r-v7 Marshall
Steam
w
Station (14.5)
(14.7)
Miles 3 D
(13 0)
0 1 "$,
Kilometers
0 2
F (34.0) ' ;�% •
� (19.o)
5 '. a`
Cowans Ford Hydro ,
■ L „ro`-
McGuire Nuclear Station
Figure 1-1. Sampling locations on Lake Norman. Duke Energy historical sampling location numbers
are listed in parentheses.
1-3

CHAPTER 2
STATION OPERATION
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Marshall Steam Station(MSS) is located on the western shore of Lake Norman (Figure 1-1)
just north of Charlotte, North Carolina, in Catawba County. Its four generating units have a
combined operating capability of 2,090 MWE-net. Units 1 and 2 are each rated at 385
MWE-net and began commercial operation in 1965 and 1966, respectively. Units 3 and 4 are
each rated at 660 MWE-net and began commercial operation in 1969 and 1970,respectively.
MSS receives once-through condenser cooling water (CCW) from below a skimmer wall
located at the mouth of a 1.3-mi (2.1-km) long cove. The surface area of the cove is about
200 ac (81 ha) and its volume is approximately 250 million ft3(7 million m3). The skimmer
wall was designed to retain the upper 60 ft (18.3 m) of water on the lake side of the wall at
full pond. The opening below the skimmer wall through which the station CCW is
withdrawn is about 10 ft(3 m)high and 270 ft(82.3 m)wide.
Units 1 and 2 each have two condenser cooling water pumps, and Units 3 and 4 each have
three condenser cooling water pumps. Typically, only one pump per generating unit is used
during the cool winter months or when the unit is operating at reduced load. During the
warmer summer months when units are operating at full-load, either two or three pumps per
unit are generally used, depending on which units are operating. Maximum rates of cooling
water flow are 423 cfs (12.0 cms) each for Units 1 and 2, and 709 cfs (20.1 cros) each for
Units 3 and 4. Thus, the maximum possible station CCW flow rate is 2,264 cfs (64.1 cros).
Under one pump per unit operation, the maximum CCW flow rate for the entire station is
1,230 cfs (34.8 cros). Refer to Table 2-1 for a listing of CCW flow rates for each unit under
one-, two-, and three-pump operation.
The condenser cooling water from MSS is discharged into a 1-mi long cove. The discharge
cove varies from a width of 75 ft (22.9 m) and depth of 33 ft (10.1 m) at the discharge
structure to a width of 850 ft (259.1 m) and a depth of 50 ft (15.2 m) at the mouth of the
discharge cove. The total area of the discharge cove is about 75 ac(30.4 ha).
2-1

Lake Norman can be classified as oligotrophic, or nutrient poor, based on 2007 assessments
performed by the state in association with the Lake Assessment Program, which is conducted
on a 5-yr cycle (NCDENR 2008). Nutrient and algal biomass data collected monthly from
May through September 2007 were consistently low or less than the laboratory reporting
limits for the specific analyte, whereas metal concentrations were within applicable water
quality standards. Turbidity levels were also low, and Secchi depths ranged from 1.8 to 2.6
m, indicating very good water clarity (NCDENR 2008). Elevated surface dissolved oxygen
concentrations and dissolved oxygen saturation values were observed in the upper, riverine
section of the reservoir,which is similar to that reported for 2002 (NCDENR 2003). Overall,
these results are similar to those previously reported by the state (NCDENR 2003) and to
other studies (MCDEP 2003, 2007, Duke Power 2005, and Duke Energy 2006, 2007, 2008)
on Lake Norman.
THERMAL DATA
MSS is operated by Duke Energy as a base-load generating facility, and station operation
during the period January 2004 through December 2008 was similar to previous years. MSS
operated continuously from 2004 through 2008, with peak pumping of condenser cooling
water during the summer. Electric generation, expressed as monthly average percent
capacity, ranged from a minimum of 46% in November 2006 to a maximum of 94% in
February 2004. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77%over the 5-yr period.
The seasonal cycle of discharge water temperatures at MSS over the period January 2004
through December 2008 (Figure 2-1) was similar to that observed in previous years (Duke
Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999, 2004). Monthly average discharge water
temperatures at MSS were in compliance with NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 °F
(34.4 °C) July 1 through October 31 and 91.9 °F (33.3 °C) the rest of each year, over this 5-
yr time period (Figure 2-1). Discharge water temperatures ranged from a minimum monthly
average of 67.6 °F (19.8 °C) in December 2008 to a maximum monthly average of 93.7 °F
(34.3°C) in September 2005 (Figure 2-1). Average daily discharge temperatures ranged from
a minimum of 59.0 °F (15.0 °C) in December 2008 to a maximum of 100.2 °F (37.9 °C) in
September 2007 (Figure 2-1). Discharge temperatures are linked to a combination of local
meteorological conditions and electrical generation.
2-2

CONCLUSIONS
MSS operated continuously from 2004 through 2008 and station operation during this period
was similar to previous years. Electric generation, expressed as monthly average percent
capacity, ranged from a minimum of 46% in November 2006 to a maximum of 94%
measured in February 2004. MSS operated at an average capacity of 77% over the 5-yr
period. During this 5-yr period, monthly average discharge water temperatures at MSS were
in compliance with NPDES permitted thermal limits of 93.9 °F (34.4 °C) July 1 through
October 31 and 91.9 °F (33.3 °C) the rest of each year.
2-3

Table 2-1. Marshall Steam Station CCW flow rate for each unit for 1, 2, and 3-pump
operation.
1-Pump 2-Pump 3-Pump
Unit Number (cfs) (cfs) (cfs)
1 281 423 N/A'
2 281 423 N/A'
3 334 564 709
4 334 564 709
Station Total 1,230 1,974 2,264
I Units 1 and 2 have only two CCW pumps available.
2-4

-t
1
, l
-0-Average Monthly Temperature
120 ~ ~ ` -4-Maximum Daily Average Temperature ,
Minimum Daily Average Temperature
tCapacity Factor
100 ~ ~ - - ~ ;__ ,__ _
s- 4.. A it i i '4,Il . • . p . . lire°
• a ° : ' . ;! ' � � •
��
t1‘. 7 • .
A80 -1y
■ me 11
G1 ,
of 60 A - si l °
d
0
100%
- 80%
o
60%
0
20 , 40% n
a)
73
20% g
4
0 1 . . 1 . 1 0%
c- D C o D O D O D O '- > c- O
6 6 c o 0 o c o 0 0 0 0 0 o c o 0 o c o
.a CA cn v' al CO CO o" a) v .i CO CO CO
Figure 2-1. The daily and monthly average water temperature (°F) of the condenser cooling water discharged from MSS and percent
6, capacity from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2008.

CHAPTER 3
MACROINVERTEBRATES
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Benthic macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted annually in late July of each year from
2004 — 2008 as part of the continuing monitoring program for Marshall Steam Station
(MSS). As in previous years, samples were collected from four locations on Lake Norman;
Location A (uplake of MSS), Location B (MSS discharge canal), Location F (just north of
Channel Marker 13), and Location E (downlake) (Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1). In previous
reports(Duke Power Company 1994,Duke Power 1999, and Duke Power 2004a),Location F
was denoted as Location D only for benthic macroinvertebrate collections. Historically,
Location F was denoted Location 34.0.
A petite ponar dredge (15.3 x 15.3 cm) was used to collect five sample replicates at each
location. Samples were collected at depths ranging from two to three m to bracket the depth
of peak benthic abundance (Brinkhurst 1974). Samples were washed through a 500-µm
mesh sieve and individually preserved with 70% ethanol containing rose bengal stain. The
substrate at each location was identified and recorded based on a visual analysis of substrate
types, during the sieving process. Organisms were sorted in the laboratory and identified to
the lowest practicable taxon. Macroinvertebrate densities were calculated by extrapolating
ponar densities to a standard one m2 bottom area. The assessment of the balanced and
indigenous nature of the benthic community in the vicinity of MSS was determined by
comparing macroinvertebrate densities and taxa abundance among the sample locations.
Beginning in 2005 in conjunction with macroinvertebrate sampling, a pre-calibrated YSI
Model 55 handheld dissolved oxygen (DO) meter was used to measure water temperature
and DO just above the sediment at each location. Starting in 2008, water temperatures and
DO values were measured in situ,using a pre-calibrated Hach®HQ40d water quality meter.
3-1

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Substrate
Typically, the substrate was similar at all locations, being composed primarily of silt, sand,
and organic matter (om). Clay was observed in the substrate at Location E in 2005 and
Location B in 2008 (Table 3-1).
Water Quality
Water temperatures observed during sampling from 2005 —2008 ranged from 27.1 —33.9 °C
(Table 3-2). The lowest temperature each year generally varied between locations and
ranged from 27.1 to 29.2 °C, but Location B (MSS discharge location) had the highest
temperature each year ranging from 29.5 to 33.9 °C. The lowest temperature for all locations
occurred in 2007.
The DO observed from 2005 — 2008 ranged from 1.3 to 8.8 mg/L (Table 3-2). The lowest
DO each year occurred at Location B, ranging from 1.3 to 2.3 mg/L, and the highest DO
varied each year among Locations A, E, and F, ranging from 6.5 to 8.8 mg/L. Both
temperature and DO values were generally similar at Locations A,E,and F each year.
Density
During 2004 — 2008, overall annual macroinvertebrate densities varied substantially among
years and locations (Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and Figure 3-1). The highest annual density was
reported at Location A in 2004 and 2008, Location F in 2005 and 2007, and Location B in
2006 (Figure 3-1). The annual densities in 2004 at Locations A and F were the highest
densities reported for these locations during this reporting period(Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and
Figure 3-1). Densities at Location A decreased from 2005 through 2007 but increased in
2008, when it was the highest reported density for the four locations that year. Densities at
Location F decreased each year from 6,706/m2 in 2004 to 3,256/m2 in 2008, but Location F
still had the highest density of any location in 2005 and 2007 (Table 3-5 and Figure 3-1).
Densities at Location B decreased from 2004 to 2005 but increased in 2006 to 13,520/m2,
which was the highest reported density for all of the locations from 2004—2008 (Table 3-4
and Figure 3-1). Oligochaeta represented by 14 taxa made up 86.6%(11,692/m2) of the total
density at Location B in 2006. The family Tubificidae, represented by five taxa, made up
3-2

76.5% (10,349/m2) of the total density at Location B in 2006 (Table 3-4). Milligan (1997)
stated that Tubificids frequently form dense populations in organically enriched habitats with
a silty or muddy substrate tending toward anoxic conditions. Densities at this location
decreased sharply in 2007 to 2,110/m2 and continued to decrease in 2008. Location E
generally had the lowest density among all locations each year(Figure 3-1). Densities from
2004—2008 at each location,with the exception of Location B in 2006, were similar to those
reported from 2000—2003 (Duke Power 2004a).
Taxa
The number of macroinvertebrate taxa collected at a location is typically a good indicator of
the overall diversity and the presence of a balanced indigenous population. Taxa abundance
from 2004 — 2008 varied temporally and spatially (Tables 3-3 through 3-6 and Figure 3-2).
Generally, the taxa abundance decreased from 2004 to 2005 and then increased to the highest
number of taxa in 2006. The highest number of taxa collected from Locations B and F
occurred in 2006 and at Locations A and E in 2008 (Figure 3-2). Overall, the highest
number of taxa was collected at Location F (43 taxa) in 2006 and the lowest from Locations
E and B (20 taxa), in 2005 and 2008,respectively. The fewest number of taxa collected each
year from 2004 —2008 occurred at Location B (MSS discharge canal) three out of the five
years. Overall, the number of taxa collected from 2004—2008 was generally similar to those
reported from 2000—2003 (Duke Power 2004a).
Macroinvertebrate populations at each location from 2004 —2008 were comprised primarily
of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula taxa (Figures 3-3 through 3-6). As observed with
overall densities (Figure 3-1), Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula densities varied by
location and year (Figures 3-3 through 3-6). Generally, either Oligochaeta or Diptera taxa
dominated samples at each location from 2004—2008, but Corbicula were most abundant at
Locations A and F in 2004 and Locations F and E in 2005. Diptera had the highest
abundance at Location A in 2005 but was replaced by Oligochaeta from 2006—2008 (Figure
3-3). Location B in 2006 had the highest macroinvertebrate density for this reporting period
(13,520/m2), with Oligochaeta representing 87% of the total density (Figure 3-4). Corbicula
densities at Location B from 2004—2008 were extremely low, ranging from 0/m2 (2005 and
2006) to 17/m2 (2007). Similar numbers were reported for Corbicula at this location from
2000—2003 (Figure 3-4). Corbicula densities at Location F decreased dramatically between
2005 and 2006, and from 2006 —2008, the highest densities alternated between Diptera and
Oligochaeta (Figure 3-5). Location E samples from 2004—2008 were generally dominated
3-3

by either Oligochaeta or Diptera, except in 2005 when Corbicula were most abundant
(Figure 3-6).
CONCLUSIONS
The water quality parameters (temperature and DO) taken at the time of macroinvertebrate
collections did not suggest any negative impact to the benthic communities. The only water
quality issue may be related to the low DO value each year at Location B, which could be
expected since MSS pulls its CCW from the bottom of Lake Norman (See Chapter 2 of this
report). Overall, macroinvertebrate densities and numbers of taxa were generally slightly
lower at Location B (MSS discharge canal), except in 2006,when the density at this location
was the highest recorded for 2000 — 2008 and was comprised mainly of Oligochaeta (87%
representing 14 of the 37 taxa). Slightly lower densities and numbers of taxa at this location
would be expected, due to the warmer water discharged from MSS. Higher densities and
taxa numbers collected at Location A (uplake of MSS), Location F (midlake near Channel
Marker 13), and Location E (downlake) indicate that there are no apparent thermal effects
from the MSS heated discharge on the macroinvertebrate communities at these locations.
Based on macroinvertebrate densities and taxa diversity observed during 2004 — 2008, the
macroinvertebrate communities at these locations in the vicinity of MSS represent balanced
and indigenous populations.
3-4

Table 3-1. General descriptions of the substrate found at Locations A, B, F, and E in the
vicinity of MSS during July of 2004 through 2008. Substrates are listed in order
of the most prevalent type first. Organic matter (om) is typically composed of
small sticks, leaf and/or grass fragments, etc.
Year A B F E
2004 silt silt silt sand
om om om om
sand sand sand silt
2005 sand sand silt clay
om om om om
sand sand
2006 silt silt silt silt
sand om om om
om sand sand sand
2007 silt silt silt silt
sand sand om sand
om om sand om
2008 silt silt silt clay
om clay sand silt
om om om
Table 3-2. Water quality parameters measured at the time of macroinvertebrate collections
from Locations A,B,F, and E from 2004-2008.
Year A B F E
2004
DO (mg/L) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Temp. (°C) N/A N/A N/A N/A
2005
DO (mg/L) 6.9 2.3 7.3 7.3
Temp. (°C) 28.6 32.4 29.2 28.9 _
2006
DO (mg/L) 6.8 1.6 5.7 7.0
Temp. (°C) 29.5 33.9 30.0 28.8
2007
DO (mg/L) 6.5 1.3 5.5 6.5
Temp. (°C) 27.6 29.5 27.4 27.1
2008
DO (mg/L) 7.8 1.5 8.8 7.8
Temp. (°C) 30.5 33.1 29.2 30.1
3-5

Table 3-3. Densities(no./m2)of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location A
(uplake of MSS) from 2000—2008.
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp. 77 9
Oligochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae 17 9 69
Arcteonais lomondi 9
Dero flabelliger 26 9 9
Nais behningi 9
Nais communis 17 52 34 86 86
Nais simplex 9
Nais variabilis 43 9 9 43 77 26
Pristina aequiseta 9
Pristina breviseta 9
Pristina sima 52 9 9 43
Pristinella osborni 9 9 34 17
Ripistes parasita 95 17
Stylaria lacustris 34 26
Uncinais uncinata 52 9 456
Tubificidae 697 2,196 1,059 491 654 138 706 775 491
Aulodrilus limnobius 103 77 26 276 181 146
Aulodrilus pigueti 26 17 9
Branchirua sowerbyi 43 172 499 112 121 52 129
Limnodrilus hoffmeisterei 17 9
Potamothrix vejdovskyi 43
Tubifex harmani 60
Tubifex tubifex 26 95 258 913
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa 534 629 2,781 34 784 112 34 9
Arthropoda
Acari 17
Coleoptera
Elmidae
Macronychus glabratus 9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex 17 9 34 52 34 17 34 17
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp. 17
Chironomidae-Chironominae
Axarus spp. 9
Chironomus spp. 17
3-6

r✓
Table 3-3. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Cladopelma spp. 34
Cladotanytarsus spp. 164 155 405 1,025 887 474 77 95 189
Cryptochironomus spp. 86 34 60 60 95 34 69 224 103
Cryptotendipes spp. 17 52 43 17 129 17 26 155
Demicryptochironomus spp. 9
Dicrotendipes modestus 9
Dicrotendipes neomodestus 9 34 26 60 9 34
Glyptotendipes spp. 9
Microchironomus spp. 77
Pagastiella spp. 17 26 17 26
Parachironomus spp. 9
Paralauterborniella spp. 9 43 9
Paralauterborniella nigrohalteralis 17
Polypedilum spp. 34
Polypedilum flavum 9
Polypedilum halterale 69 17 284 69 52 17 17 34
Polypedilum scalaenum 17 9 52 43
Pseudochironomus spp. 103 9 34
Stempellina spp. 60 69 60 9
Stictochironomus spp. 52 706 9 370 146 224 672 189 878
Tanytarsus spp. 9 241 121 103 86 353 26 17 43
Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae
Nanocladius spp. 9
Ablabesmyia spp. 17 9 17
Ablabesmyia annulata 34 26 9 9
Ablabesmyia janta 9 17
Ablabesmyia mallochi 34 34 9
Coelotanypus spp. 52 138 52 26 43 95
Djalmabatista pulchra 9 86 34
Procladius spp. 215 181 86 258 86 77
Procladius(Holotanypus)sp. 17 34
Procladius bellus 155
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 17 34 9 138 336 77 6.0 155 103
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 9 34 17 69 77 26 9 9
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Stalls spp. 17 17 17
Odonata-Zygoptera
Coenagrionidae
Argia spp. 9
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche spp. 86
Hydroptilidae
Hydroptila spp. 17 9 17
Orthotrichia spp. 52 17
Leptoceridae
3-7

Table 3-3. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Oecetis spp. 43 34 17 17 52
Polycentropodidae
Polycentropus spp. 9 9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula flumina 258 138 1,214 611 2,437 904 34 181 293
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae 181
Sphaerium spp. 9 413 413 43 267
Nematoda 17 9 17 9 95 43 172
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens 26
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planariidae
Dugesia spp. 9
Total Density for Year 2,102 4,888 6,157 4,719 6,793 3,557 3,265 2,620 5,114
Total Taxa for Year 21 31 21 36 31 27 34 29 37
3-8

Table 3-4. Densities (no./m2) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location B
(near MSS discharge) from 2000—2008.
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp. 26
Oligochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae 26
Nais communis 155 9 9
Nais variabilis 276 43
Bratislavia unidentata 69
Dero trifida 9
Dero vaga 344
Haemonalis waldvojeli 26
Pristina breviseta 69
Pristina sima 69
Pristinella osborni 232
Uncinais uncinata 103
Tubificidae 560 3,134 474 86 60 17 2,170 17 34
Aulodrilus limnobius 34 9 43 5,200 207 9
Aulodrilus pigueti 852 1,645 207 1,739 499 43
Aulodrilus pluriseta 34
Branchirua sowerbyi 69 26 52 1,033 112 146
Limnodrilus hoffmeisterei 9 9 207
Potamothrix vejdovskyi 17
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa 34 60 17 17 17 17
Arthropoda
Acari 9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex 17 95 9 52 43 9 129 26 26
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp. 232 121 9 129 34 86
Chironomidae-Chironominae
Chironomus spp. 26 9 9 9 9
Cladopelma spp. 60 138 17 26 52
Cladotanytarsus spp. 9 9 17
Cryptochironomus spp. 17 43 26 129 103 9 17 9
Cryptotendipes spp. 353 405 181 77 336 95 327 207 26
Dicrotendipes neomodestus 17 9 9
Harnischia spp. 34 9 9 52
Microchironomus spp. 17
Nilothauma spp. 9 17
3-9

Table 3-4. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pagastiella spp. 17 43 34 60 34 112 9
Paralauterborniella spp. 17
Phaenopsectra spp. 9
Polypedilum halterale 77 69 52 1,093 52 26 310 26 26
Pseudochironomus spp. 9 9 69 26 34
Stictochironomus spp. 17 9 9
Tanytarsus spp. 34 69 26 232 26 69 69
Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae
Parakiefferiella spp. 26
Chi ronom i dae-Tanypodinae
Ablabesmyia spp. 17 34
Ablabesmyia annulata 34 9 189 103 77 112 52 189 189
Ablabesmyia mallochi 34 9
Ablabesmyia janta 9
Clinotanypus spp. 17 9 17
Clinotanypus pinguis 9
Coelotanypus spp. 138 121 60 129 43 77 69 301 258
Djalmabatista pulchra 9
Procladius spp. 17 9 224 336 207 189 362 129 43
Procladius(Holotanypus)sp. 9 155
Procladius bellus 9 52
Ephemeroptera
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 9 9 9
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 26 26 138 52 103 155 34 121 224
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis spp. 9 9 17
Odonata-Anisoptera
Corduliidae 9
Neurocordulia spp. 34
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Cheumatopsyche spp. 9
Leptoceridae
Oecetis spp. 9 17 9 189 34 9 9 9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea 9 26 17 9 17 9
Nematoda 43 34 34 9 69 103
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens 9
Total Density for Year 1,739 4,677 1,534 3,668 3,057 1,200 13,520 2,110 1,353
Total Taxa for Year 22 23 17 30 26 25 37 23 20
3-10

Table 3-5. Densities(no./m2)of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location F
(mid-lake near MSS) from 2000—2008.
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Annelida
Hirudinea 17
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp. 17 69 189 43 60
Oligochaeta
Tubificida
Naididae 26 17
Allonais pectinata 17 17 17 26
Bratislavia unidentata 9
Dero vaga 52
Nais communis 9 77 52 52
Nais variabilis 103 43 17
Ophidonais serpentia 26
Pristina acuminata 26
Pristina sima 26 69 17 26
Pristinella spp. 43
Pristinella osborni 43 9 95 60 9
( Stephensoniana tandyi 9
Stylaria lacustris 9 26
Uncinais uncinata 34 9 146
Tubificidae 758 689 723 706 551 680 1,429 1,240 629
Aulodrilus limnobius 17 482 138 86 112 77
Aulodrilus pigueti 9
Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum 9 9 9 •
Branchirua sowerbyi 60 69 77 103 60 34
Limnodrilus hoffmeisterei 9
Potamothrix vejdovski 9 17
Spirosperma nikolskyi 9
Stephensoniana tandyi 9
Tubifex harmani 52
Tubifex tubifex 26 34 17 189 112
Lumbriculida
Lumbriculidae 9
Lumbriculus spp. 26
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa 1,205 3,633 146 818 17 1,558 775 1,498 189
Crustacea
Amphipoda
Talitridae
3-11

Table 3-5. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Hyalella azteca 9
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae 52
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex 17 34 43 95 17 9 95 17 9
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp. 17 9
Chironomidae-Chironominae 9
Chironomus spp. 9
Cladopelma spp. 9
Cladotanytarsus spp. 26 370 112 585 353 379 456 474 146
Cryptochironomus spp. 34 138 17 77 138 77 241 310 155
Cryptotendipes spp. 77 129 146 387 310 60 276 77 224
Demicryptochironomus spp. 34 9
Dicrotendipes neomodestus 9
Harnischia spp. 17 9
Nilothauma spp. 9 9
Pagastiella spp. 9 9 9 9 9
Paralauterborniella spp. 34 26 34 9 95
Paralauterbomiella nigrohalteralis , 9 34 121 26
Polypedilum halterale 26 17 60 198 155 207 9
Polypedilum scalaenum 181
Pseudochironomus spp. 9 9 60 9 9 69 34 9
Stempellina spp. 17 52 34 198 60 60 9
Stenochironomus spp. 9
Stictochironomus spp. 26 284 69 77 103 26 258 189
Stictochironomus caffranius 69
Tanytarsus spp. 43 181 250 112 258 465 77 224
Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae
Parakiefferiella spp. 9 9 43 9
Chironomidae-Tanypodinae
Ablabesmyia annulata 9 9
Ablabesmyia janta 9 9 9
Ablabesmyia mallochi 34 9 77 9 17
Clinotanypus spp. 9
Coelotanypus spp. 34 9 43 9 34 60
Djalmabatista pulchra 17 77 17
Procladius spp. 9 34 138 34 198 34 60 224
Procladius bellus 17
Ephemeroptera
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 9 9
3-12

Table 3-5. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Neoperla spp. 9
Odonata-Anisoptera
Gomphidae
Dromogomphus spp. 9
Trichoptera
Leptoceridae
Nectopsyche exquisita 17 9 26
Oecetis spp. 17 9 34
Polycentropodidae
Polycentropus spp. 17 17
Cyrnellus fraternus 9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea 2,824 801 1,231 1,946 3,022 2,049 198 715 146
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae
Pisidium spp. 947
Sphaerium spp. 69 112 34 1,093 422 129 60 17
Nematoda 77 138 17 250
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens 77 26 60 77 172
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planariidae
Dugesia spp. 26 9 17
Total Density for Year 5,347 7,483 2,797 5,880 6,706 6,408 6,319 5,762 3,256
Total Taxa for Year 24 19 22 30 28 29 43 34 38
"
3-13

Table 3-6. Densities(no./m2)of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Location E
(downlake of MSS) from 2000—2008. •
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Annelida
Hirudinea
Rhynchobdellida
Glossiphoniidae
Helobdella spp. 34
Oligochaeta
Naididae 172 9 17
Allonais pectinata 9
Nais communis 17 26
Nais variabilis 9 26 17
Pristina longisoma 9
Pristinella spp. 17
Ripistes parasita 9
Stylaria lacustris 9 9
Tubificida
Tubificidae 766 1,180 43 379 327 267 155 112 103
Aulodrilus limnobius 456 310 129 26 121
Aulodrilus pigueti 52 17 17
Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum 9
Branchirua sowerbyi 26 138 9 69 9
Limnodrilus hoffmeisterei 9
Tubifex tubifex 60 86 129
Polychaeta
Sabellida
Sabellidae
Manayunkia speciosa 344 2,144 86 43 181 9
Arthropoda
Acari 17
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Palpomyia-Bezzia complex 138 52 43 60 17 26 9 34
Chaoboridae
Chaoborus spp. 26 9
Chironomidae-Chironominae
Chironomus spp. 17 9 60 9 26
Cladopelma spp. 9 9
Cladotanytarsus spp. 250 86 17 155 103 129 9 26
Cryptochironomus spp. 112 138 17 9 60 26 9 26 17
Cryptotendipes spp. 69 103 207 26 155 17 34 103 34
Dicrotendipes neomodestus 17 9 52 17
Glyptotendipes spp. 9
3-14

Table 3-6. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Harnischia spp. 60
Pagastiella spp. 103 9 34
Pagastiella ostansa 43
Paralauterborniella spp. 34 9 9
Paralauterborniella nigrohalteralis 26 34
Polypedilum halterale 60 241 17 69 26 34
Pseudochironomus spp. 34 69 34 103 9
Stempellina spp. 129 34 52 17 9 26 9
Stictochironomus spp. 138 9 26 43 26
Stictochironomus caffranius 26
Tanytarsus spp. 138 585 52 181 327 146 34 164 17
Tribelos spp. 17
Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae
Chaetocladius spp. 9
Cricotopus spp. 9
Parakiefferiella spp. 34
Thienemanniella spp. 17
Chironomidae-Tanypodinae
Ablabesmyia spp. 69 129 9
Ablabesmyia annulata 9 52 17 17 9
Ablabesmyia janta 26 121 77 26
Ablabesmyia mallochi 9 121 52 34 9 43 52 86 26
Coelotanypus spp. 138 17 9 34 86 189
Djalmabatista pulchra 34 121 17 9
Procladius spp. 9 86 146 95 164 86 86
Procladius(Holotanypus)sp. 17 103
Procladius bellus 86 17
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Acentrella spp. 9
Caenidae
Caenis spp. 26
Ephemeridae
Hexagenia spp. 112 9 9 69 17 9
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis spp. 26 26 17 43 9 9 17
Odonata-Zygoptera
Coenagrionidae
Argia spp. 9 9 17
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
3-15

Table 3-6. (Continued).
Taxa 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Orthotrichia spp. 17 9
Leptoceridae
Oecetis spp. 34 9 60 26
Polycentropodidae
Cyrnellus fraternus 9
Polycentropus spp. 34 121 9 86 9 26 9
Mollusca
Pelecypoda
Heterodonta
Corbiculidae
Corbicula flumina 629 672 224 43 611 2,006 69 95 439
Veneroida
Sphaeriidae 17
Sphaerium spp. 103 77 60 77 17
Nematoda 69 9 9
Nemertea
Enopla
Hoplonemertea
Tetrastemmatidae
Prostoma graecens 34 9 9
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Tricladida
Planariidae
Dugesia spp. 17
Total Density for Year 3,237 6,199 1,294 1,587 2,885 3,574 1,268 1,345 1,490
Total Taxa for Year 24 25 28 31 28 20 28 27 30
3-16

50
45 :
.,..,
40 4-
35
pi, 30• . :-.. ,73 . C• *1 i';i.
- t•'; N. !
• 25
4 •
._CO • '., 4 . .-1 r. ''I • '• ' '. ' 4-,co
• . ., i.,t-' :., ft•, 7,A '' .- ':.---'
15 :-'1 ; ---- - ,.. -----'!
l'-'
,,,....,, 1.-,'.. 1:
-1 -‘ ----1 - 1 : -----:; i '. ---. . r .... ,,..
''
,- .
. . ,
,:. ILL ,f--.1-
. fk §1 F,E LA'13'F E 1A 13!,F E E A'131 F E A';'I3 F E A,I3 F.E E0, LF E AiF-E
0 I 1 i
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
DA0B - F E
Figure 3-1. Density (no./m-,
) of macroinvertebrates collected annually from Lake Norman
near MSS from 2000—2008.
10,000 7-
1113,520
9,000
8,000
..,,
7,000 _
•
• . ,
, •, ..1
•
ci 6,000 -
c
U)
CD -. .....
• 5,000
, ---,
. ,
'i .
ci) - .
.. ! .
, .
3000 — .. ,... .„ - -.. " . .;;
.. ;-:..: „ . 1
,,,‘.. _ . ^',. :'.1 :,.... ,,'-.±', ', ,. :.., -,' j`4.`".. 1 '- .L.Ii It.)
2,000 — -_, ,,,-,,,. ''1.f. ''''. 1 . ., . ,
, ..1 1 '-
.. ,. . . . .4
:. ::., :-.:: /-.--'' [ 1 . ' I'''
R.,.
— . 11 '.1
' c7 - ' 71- — '.-- I - I:-` -'&_.,: :
___ : ' ____:- .1 "'I.
1,000 " ::-.:.C4: :' ; ,,'. 1 , ''' 1 -' ` - .
I 1- ,.. . ,, . .-: ,
E A 41:,F E A',',B'F.•E 'A"AI; E A,431]F A.-:1;,'LB" F;E.- A:B- F':E [A'F ,F,""E TAii'l F."' E
0 I " I I .
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
ETA oB :F E
Figure 3-2. Total number of taxa collected annually from Lake Norman near MSS from
2000—2008.
3-17

Location A
2,500r'l
—
;:H.
1
.,:,
j
'. : li' l
c _
0 1,000 — � ' 1
i �111I ,
_ ,
,_
500 . ,,,
' i } .... ,
.. ..,,
. . „
f_„..,7, : , ., ...
._::„
l = ; - _ ii
0 I -
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
E73 Oligochaeta ❑Diptera Corbicula
Figure 3-3. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location A(uplake of MSS) from 2000—2008.
Location B
3,500 — 'n
11,692
3,000 — I—
2,500 — I',.(
N P �,
0 2,000 Z 1
m 1,500 — t--,
1,000 -----
500 —r- _ .
Ei ' :_s
Q I 1 _ I ' '. 1 — 1 •.a _ ,, —_1 I I
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0 Oligochaeta ©Diptera • Corbicula
Figure 3-4. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location B (near MSS discharge) from 2000—2008.
3-18

Location F
3,500 —
3'000T i -;
:„-
. ,..
2,500 —
2000 —
,--,
"E •
. ,.:
: - .,,
2000 .., — ,
, -
c • 1 .,-, :
. „
.>, •
• :- , .
TI
.•.
c 1,500
,.
•
, • .., -
.
„
F '. Ii
1000 — 77-II::: ...
_-.
,,
, .
, . .
rii - , - ,-., • - - - :r. . .,„ . , ,..
. ,
500 .-- ',, • -
• 1,, )7,-x :' . - -:.-
--,, - :
I - • • -- i •". ' 1 - ' 1 H '- 1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
0 Oligochaeta c:1 Diptera 1 Corbicula
Figure 3-5. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location F (mid-lake near MSS) from 2000—2008.
Location E
2,500
.
2,000 — n -1
•
• .
cs'E 1,500 —
d
• ,
.,
.>. ,
' .
u) -,-•
c • ',. C71—,
W 1,000
0 -",
. F-7--
.
. , ,
.
,
, , . ,
, . I
P
500 — . ' - , ,. ,_
H.... . ., :
„-, .., ..-:-.
., :,. _, ,,,, 1 _ , --1
,
• , ! .; '..:,:. ,,,,' ., -::::-- ___ .,
..::, ,
. ,
• :,--'-'1':: i,'-',„,';:-.! j_ '. -'} i'. .....i.:, ,. '::-....:, ..-1 - ', -Li ..,:._-r.
, 1 1 4 1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
r Oligochaeta El Diptera •Corbicula
Figure 3-6. Density (no./m2) of Oligochaeta, Diptera, and Corbicula collected annually from
Location E (downlake of MSS) from 2000—2008.
. _ ...,
3-19

CHAPTER 4
FISH
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Summer Electrofishing Surveys
Electrofishing surveys were conducted in Lake Norman near Marshall Steam Station (MSS)
in July(2004—2008) at five locations: one uplake from the MSS intake(Location A),two in
the MSS discharge canal (Locations B and C), and two downlake from the MSS discharge
(Locations D and E; Table 1-1 and Figure 1-1). The locations surveyed consisted of 100-m
transects on both the left and right shorelines. Surface water temperature (°C) and dissolved
oxygen(DO, mg/L) were measured with a calibrated thermistor and DO probe, respectively,
at each location. Stunned fish were collected by two netters, identified to species, and
measured for total length(TL,mm). Catch per unit effort(CPUE,number of individuals/200
m) and the number of species were calculated for each sampling location.
Spring Electrofishing Surveys
Electrofishing surveys were conducted in Lake Norman in March or April (2004 — 2008) at
two areas (Figure 4-1): near MSS (Zone 4) and at a reference (REF, Zone 3) area located
between McGuire Nuclear Station and MSS. Ten 300-m shoreline transects were surveyed
in each area and were identical to historical locations surveyed since 1993. Transects
included habitats representative of those found in Lake Norman. Shallow flats where the
boat could not access within 3-4 m of the shoreline were excluded. All sampling was
conducted during daylight, when water temperatures were expected to be between 15 and 20
°C. Stunned fish were collected by two netters and identified to species. Fish were
enumerated and weighed in aggregate by taxon, except for largemouth bass Micropterus
salmoides and spotted bass M punctulatus, where TL and weight(g) were obtained for each
individual collected. Surface water temperature (°C) was measured with a calibrated
thermistor at each location. Catch per unit effort (number of individuals/3,000 m) and the
number of species were calculated for each sampling area.
4-1

Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys
Abundance and distribution of pelagic forage fish in Lake Norman were determined using
mobile hydroacoustic (Brandt 1996) and purse seine (Hayes et al. 1996) techniques. The
lake was divided into six zones (Figure 4-1) due to its large size and habitat spatial
heterogeneity. An annual mobile hydroacoustic survey of the entire lake was conducted in
mid-September with multiplexing, side- and down-looking transducers to detect surface-
oriented fish and deeper fish(from 2.0-m depth to the bottom),respectively.
Annual purse seine samples were also collected in mid-September from the downlake (Zone
1),midlake (Zone 2), and uplake (Zone 5) areas of Lake Norman. The purse seine measured
122.0 x 9.1 m, with a mesh size of 4.8 mm. A subsample of forage fish collected from each
area was used to estimate taxa composition and TL size distribution.
Balanced and Indigenous Assessment
Annual summer electrofishing surveys are used to assess the balanced and indigenous nature
of the Lake Norman fish community and provide information relative to potential MSS
impacts. The assessment includes a comparison of CPUE and number of species data from
locations uplake of, downlake of, and in the discharge canal of MSS during summer
electrofishing. Spring electrofishing and hydroacoustic surveys near MSS began as part of
the Catawba-Wateree hydroelectric relicensing activities and continue as a means to monitor
the Lake Norman fishery.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Summer Electrofishing Surveys
Summer electrofishing surveys from 2004 — 2008 produced 3,187 individuals comprising
seven families, 20 species, and two hybrid centrarchid combinations (Table 4-1, Appendix
Tables A-1 to A-5). The species composition for the combined summer electrofishing
surveys was dominated by centrarchids (90.4%), with cyprinids (6.7%) and clupeids (2.2%)
greater than 1.0% each, and the remaining families representing less than 1.0%of individuals
combined. Previously reported data from summer 2000—2003 also documented dominance
by centrarchids (77.0%) with more cyprinids (21.3%). Spotted bass have steadily increased
4-2

in percent composition from being absent prior to 2005 to approximately 8.0%of individuals
collected in 2008.
Pollution tolerant species (i.e., longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus, goldfish Carassius auratus,
common carp Cyprinus carpio, golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas, white catfish
Ameiurus catus, redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus, green sunfish L. cyanellus, and hybrid
sunfish; NCDENR 2008) represented 12.2% of the collected fish during summer 2004 —
2008. This percentage of pollution tolerant individuals has decreased from 18.2% of the
collected fish reported from summer 2000—2003.
From 2004—2008, location CPUE ranged from 10.0 (Location D in 2007) to 264.0 fish/200
m (Location E in 2008; Figures 4-2 to 4-6), and the number of species ranged from two
(Location D in 2007) to 11 species (Location E in 2008). Although Location C (MSS
discharge canal)had the lowest DO(<2.0 mg/L) in all years, it typically had the highest total
number of individuals and resulting CPUE, likely due to deep riprap habitat and large
bluegill populations. Summer electrofishing data are consistent with previously reported
data (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999, 2004a) and indicative of no negative
impact from MSS operations on Lake Norman fish populations.
Spring Electrofishing Surveys
Spring electrofishing surveys from 2004 — 2008 were conducted at average water
temperatures ranging from 15.6 to 19.4 °C. The number of individuals per 3,000 m ranged
from 924 to 2,449 at the MSS area and 1,087 to 2,397 at the REF area (Figure 4-7). Fish
biomass per 3,000 m ranged from 68.8 to 142.6 kg at the MSS area and from 69.3 to 114.3
kg at the REF area(Figure 4-8). The number of species per 3,000 m ranged from 16 to 21 at
the MSS area and from 17 to 20 at the REF area (Figure 4-9). Previous reports documented
that number of individuals, biomass, and number of species collected at the MSS area were
generally greater than those from the REF area (Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power
1999, 2004a). For 2004 — 2008 the number of individuals was generally higher at the REF
area, biomass was generally higher at the MSS area, and the number of species varied
between areas.
The number of individuals in spring electrofishing surveys from 2004—2008 was dominated
by centrarchids (MSS-90.6%, REF-86.3%), with cyprinids (MSS-6.9%, REF-6.5%) and
clupeids (MSS-1.8%, REF-6.4%) greater than 1.0% each, and the remaining families
4-3

representing less than 1.0% of individuals combined (Table 4-2). Pollution tolerant species,
mostly redbreast sunfish, represented 18.1% of MSS and 24.2% of REF individuals during
spring 2004 — 2008, similar to spring 2000 — 2003 (MSS-15.4%, REF-17.0%). Spring
electrofishing survey data varied among years, similar to other Catawba River reservoirs
(Duke Power 2004b,2004c).
Fall Hydroacoustics and Purse Seine Surveys
Hydroacoustic estimates from 2004 — 2008 showed no temporal trend in annual forage fish
populations, ranging from 47.1 to 106.4 million (Figure 4-10). Purse seine surveys from
2004—2008 indicate that threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense continue to dominate the Lake
Norman forage fish community, comprising 86.6 to 98.3% of fish collected (Table 4-3).
Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, first detected in low numbers in 1999 (Duke Power 2000),
have comprised as much as 25.0% (2002) of mid-September pelagic forage fish surveys, but
numbers have remained relatively low since 2005 (range= 1.7—5.1%). The modal threadfm
shad TL class increased after alewife introduction, but has declined and been consistent in
recent years.
CONCLUSIONS
A diverse fish community was present in the littoral portions of Lake Norman around MSS
from 2004 — 2008; summer electrofishing surveys documented 20 species (and two
centrarchid hybrid combinations). The surveys were numerically dominated by centrarchids
and cyprinids, with clupeids also being of numerical importance. Spring electrofishing
documented 30 species (and two centrarchid hybrid combinations), dominated by
centrarchids and cyprinids. Pollution tolerant species, mostly redbreast sunfish, comprised
18.1% of MSS species and 24.2% of REF species. The assorted fish species typically found
in Lake Norman near MSS encompass multiple trophic guilds (i.e., insectivores, omnivores,
and piscivores) supporting a balanced fish community.
Forage fish population estimates, as measured by hydroacoustics, were variable and ranged
from 47.1 to 106.4 million from 2004 — 2008. The estimate range is comparable to those
measured previously at Lake Norman with 2008 having the highest estimate since 1997.
Purse seine sampling of forage fish indicated a consistent alewife composition of
4-4

approximately 5% after 2004. The introduction of alewife and inherent, temporal
fluctuations in clupeid densities contribute to the variable nature of forage fish populations.
Past studies have indicated that a balanced indigenous fish community exists near MSS
(Duke Power Company 1994; Duke Power 1999,2004a). The present study adds more years
of comparable data, reinforcing that conclusion. Based on the diversity and numbers of
individuals in the Lake Norman littoral fish community during spring and summer, the range
of trophic groups represented,and the regular availability of forage fish to limnetic predators,
it is concluded that the operation of MSS has not impaired the Lake Norman fish community.
4-5

r
Table 4-1. Number of individuals,percent composition, and number of species in summer
electrofishing surveys from five locations(A-E) in Lake Norman, 1991 - 1993,
1994- 1999,2000-2003,and 2004-2008.
Sumner 1991-1993. Sumner 1994-1999° Simmer 2000-2003 Sumner 2004-2008
Scientific Nano Conon Mane No % No. % W. % No. %
Laplsosteldae
Lepsosfeus osseus Longnose gar 11 026% 3 0.09%
Clupeldoe
Alosepseudohoengus Alewife 5 0.16%
Dorosome cepedranum Gizzard shad 11 0.72% 38 0.91% 4 0.19% 6 0.19%
Darosomeprfenense Threadfm shad 5 033% 355 8.54% 60 1.88%
Cyprinidae
Carassius eureka Goldfish 1 003%
Cypinelle chlorshe Greenfin shmer 15 098% 54 130% 28 1.32% 53 1.66%
Cypinelle nitres WMefin shiner 170 11.10% 469 11.28% 257 12.09% 58 1.82%
Conn.carpio Comnen carp 53 346% 94 2.26% 11 052% 3 009%
Notenugonuscrysoleuc0s Golden shiner 5 0.12%
Nobopshudsoruus Spotted shiner 29 0.70% 157 739°/ 100 3.14%
Nobopis peens Swallowtail shmer
Catostom Idea
Cerpodes cyprnus Dutllback 5 0 12%
Moxosfomamacrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse 7 033% 5 0.16%
Moxosfona sp. Brassy junprock 6 014%
Ictaluridea
Icfelrrus prncfatus Channel catfish 11 072% 10 0.24% 4 019% 7 022%
Pylodichsolivarrs Flathead catfish 16 038% 2 0.09% 3 009%
Poocillidae
Gembusra holbrookl Eastern rmsqunofoh 5 033%
Moronidaa
Morons americana White perch 8 038%
Marone Chrysops White bass 5 0.12%
Contrarchidea
-- " Lep miseurdus Redbreast sunfish 119 7.77% 261 6.28% 317 14.92% 272 8.53%
Lepornis cyanellus Green sunfish 5 033% 1 005% 58 1.82°/
Lepmla gibbosus Pumpbnseed 5 0.33%
Lepomisgulosus Warnouth 26 170% 91 2.19% 42 1.98% 74 232%
Lepomis hybrd Hybrid sunfish 5 0.33% 99 2.38% 58 2.73% 53 1.66%
Lepomismacrochirus Bluegil 926 6044% 1,829 43.98% 900 42 35% 1,957 6141%
Leponvsmicrolophus Redear sunfish 5 033% 71 1.71% 78 367% 65 2.04%
Micropterus prnctulatus Spotted bass 86 2 70%
Mrcroperus salmoides Largemouth bass 133 8.68% 422 10 15% 240 11 29% 313 962%
M,croperus hybrd Hybrd black bass 2 006%
Pomoesmgromeculetus Black crappie 6 0.14% 1 0.05%
Parcida°
Etheosfoma ofmsfedr Tesselated darter 20 1.31% 28 063%
Parseflevescens Yellow perch 18 1.17% 257 6.18% 10 047% 3 009%
Total No.Individuals 1,532 100.00% 4,159 100 00% 2,125 100 00% 3,187 10000%
Total No.Species 16 21 17 20
•bastion B end Ewers not sampled in 1992,bastion B was not sampled in 1993
°basion B was not sampled In 1994,bastions A end B w ere not sampled In 1995
1,
4-6

Table 4-2 Number of individuals, percent composition, and number of species in spring
electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993 -
1997 and 1999,2000-2003,and 2004-2008.
Spring 1993.1997,1999 Spring 2000.2003 Spring 2004-2008
MSS REF MSS REF MSS REF
Scientdro Name Common Name No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Leplsoetoidao
Lepisosteos osseus Longnose gar 2 0.03% 1 001% 1 0.01% 1 0.01%
Clupeidao
Alosapseudoharorgus Aiew de 45 051% 57 0.77% 1 001% 51 0.53%
Oorosoma cepedlanum Guard shed 81 0 94% 50 0 72% 30 0.34% 94 1.27% 27 0 32% 38 0 39%
Oorosomapetenense Threadfn shad 944 1098% 1,515 21.72% 840 9.48% 58 078% 127 1.51% 523 5.43%
Salmonidae
Oncorhynchus my*lss Ranbow trout 2 0.02% 1 0.01%
Cyprinidae
Cypnnalla chlonsha Greenfn shiner 22 0.28% 12 017% 50 0.56% 153 2.07% 43 051% 38 0.39%
Cyprinella caoo Whitefnahner 734 854% 588 840% 1,257 14.16% 1,470 1989% 228 272% 353 397%
Cyprinuscarpio Common carp 157 1.83% 168 2.41% 190 214% 51 069% 58 069% 48 0.50%
Hybognathus regrus Eastern silvery minnow 2 0 02%
Nocomrs loptoaephalus Bluehead chub 1 001%
Notemigonus crysdeucas Golden shiner 8 009% 5 007% 4 0,05% 2 003% 7 0.08% 1 001%
Noboprs hudsonius Spotted shiner 414 4 81% 67 0 96% 472 5 32% 581 7 59% 240 2.88% 184 1.91%
Notropisprocne Swallow tad shiner 1 001% 1 0.01%
Rmephales prometas Fathead=mow 1 001%
Catostom Idao
Carprodes cyprinus Ou0lback 5 0.06% 6 0.09% 3 003% 3 0.04% 2 002% 4 004%
Moxostoma macrelepidmum Sharthead redhorse 2 0.02% 4 0.05% 4 005%
lotaluridao
letalurus Gatos Whde catfish 1 0 01%
totalurus furcatus Blue catfish 2 0,02% 8 011% 1 001%
Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish 22 0.26% 14 020% 37 0,42% 40 054% 18 019% 24 025%
Pylodic6s ohoans Flathead calf sh 7 0.08% 4 0.06% 14 0.16% 6 0.08% 9 011% 14 015%
Moronldao
Morons americana Whde perch 8 0 09% 103 1.16% 4 0.05% 8 0.10% 17 018%
Morons clrysops White bass 6 0.07% 4 006% 2 0.02% 3 0.04%
Moronesaxeblis Striped bass 8 0.07% 3 0.03% 2 0.03% 1 001% 1 0.01%
Co ntrarohidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 1.398 16.28% 1.017 14.58% 957 1078% 1,004 13,59% 1,110 13.24% 1,925 10.99%
Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish 129 1.54% 12 0.12%
Lepomis grhbosus Rorpknseed 4 005%
Lepomis gulosus Warmouth 63 0.73% 95 1 36% 150 1 69% 118 1 80% 111 1 32% 225 2.34%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 219 2.55% 207 2.97% 213 2.40% 197 2.87% 340 4.05% 380 3.74%
Lepomis maorochims Bluega 2,731 31.76% 1,939 2780% 3,418 38.51% 2,822 3548% 4,800 54.85% 4.735 49.16%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 111 1.29% 174 2.49% 468 527% 477 645% 559 687% 558 5.79%
Mcropterus punctularus Spotted bass 15 0.17% 12 0,16% 304 363% 198 2.08%
Mlcropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 1,349 15,69% 911 1308% 573 6,48% 420 568% 408 487% 270 280%
Micropterus hybrid Hybrid black bass 19 023% 11 0.11%
Pomoxis annularis Whde crappie 3 0.03%
Pomoxrs nigromeculatus Black crappie 51 0.59% 118 1.69% 1 001% 19 028% 19 023% 22 023%
Pereidae
Etheostoma lust forme Sw amp darter 1 001%
Etheostoma olmstedi Tessellated darter 1 001% 1 001% 1 0.01% 3 004% 3 004% 4 0.04%
Peres Beyescens Ye0ow perch 258 2.98% 80 1.15% 17 019% 3 0,04% 8 0.10% 13 013%
Total No.Individuals 8,599 100.00% 6,976 100.00% 8,876 100.00% 7,399 100.00% 8,388 100.00% 9,631 100.00%
Total No.Species 24 21 28 27 28 25
4-7

Table 4-3. Forage fish species composition and modal threadfm shad total length (TL) class
in purse seine surveys in Lake Norman, 1993-2008.
Species Composition Modal threadfin shad
Year No. Threadfin shad Gizzard shad Alewife TL class (mm)
1993 13,063 100.00% 31-35
1994 1,619 99.94% 0.06% 36-40
1995 4,389 99.95% 0.05% 31-35
1996 4,465 100.00% 41-45
1997 6,711 99.99% 0.01% 41-45
1998 5,723 99.95% 0.05% 41-45
1999 5,404 99.26% 0.26% 0.48% 36-40
2000 4,265 87.40% 0.22% 12.37% 51-55
2001 9,652 76.47% 0.01% 23.52% 56-60
2002 10,134 74.96% 25.04% 41-45
2003 33,660 82.59% 0.14% 17.27% 46-50
2004 21,158 86.55% 0.24% 13.20% 51-55
2005 23,147 98.10% 1.90% 36-45
2006 14,823 94.87% 5.13% 41-45
2007 27,169 98.34% 1.66% 41-45
2008 47,586 95.58% 4.42% 41-45
4-8

• Electrofishing locations
0 Purse seine locations
\C‘. .Zone 6
fE: Zone 5
"V11;,f14
Marshall - •
lir Steam
station \ Zone 4
t •
• ,
•
Zone
Zone 3
Lake:_ •
°'°Norma
ens•� "
Pe*
Zone 1
Cowans Ford
0 1 2 3 Miles
Hydro
McGuire
Nuclear
Station
Figure 4-1. Sampling locations and zones associated with fishery assessments in Lake
Norman.
4-9

400 — — 12
—*--CPUE Fish species
350 — — 10 m
E 300 — 1 . 0
8250 — ,, / E CD
z 200 - — 6 z
o
D 150 Ai n — 4 N
a o
° 100 — 0
— 2
50
0 0
1.0 CO I- co CA o N M Nr to CO h CO
CA CA CA 0) CA CA O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N
Year
Figure 4-2. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location A in Lake Norman, 1994—2008.
400 — — 12
CPUE Fish species
r ' 350 — — 10 TI
N
E 300 — =
0 250 — A - 8
73
fD
2200 — — 6 Z
D 150 — �� - 4 N
a_ o
v 100 — o
— 2
50
0 I 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 I 1 I 1 I 1 0
0 LO
N Is-
CO N 0 0 0 0 0 0 CO 0 0
°' °' °' °' °' °' N N N N N N NN N
Year
Figure 4-3. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location B in Lake Norman, 1994—2008.
4-10

400 — — 12
CPUE Fish species
350 — 10 -11
rn
300 — ,
E 7\ itn
- g a
O 250 — g _- sY \ ..
N
Z200 — # _ - xb — 6 o
D150 — _ 4 N
n o
O 100 — - 3
— 2
50 —
0 11111111111111 0
V' C() CO N- CO 0) O s- N M d' U) (0 N- co
0) 0) O) 0) 0) 0) O O 0 O 0 O co 0 O
O O O O O O NNNNNNNNN
Year
Figure 4-4. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location C in Lake Norman, 1994—2008.
400 12
—0—CPUE Fish species
( 350 10
m
E 300
i„ ir 8y
N 250 _ m
e„,„„re,„4"\\ 0
i CD.
z 200 z
w i -�
150 \T :-..
4 Iv
d o
All
U 100 2 3
50idlikoadigilliti
0 0
CD CO I� co O O , N Cr) .' CO 1� CO
O O O O) O O O O O O O O O O O
°' °' °' °' °' °' N N N N N N N NN
Year
Figure 4-5. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location D in Lake Norman, 1994—2008.
(
4-11

400 — — 12
—*—CPUE Fish species
350 —
— 10 -n
E 300 — w
0 250 — R
0
N 5'
Qi \ (D
Z 200 — / - -— — -- --- g cn
Z
0
D150 — - 4 0
U 100 — - o
— 2
50
0 I I I I I I i I I I I I I I 0
d' 1.0 CO r• CO O O .— N CO d' LO CO f` CO
O CO O O O O) O O O O O O O O Co
O O O O O O N N N N N N N NN
Year
Figure 4-6. CPUE and number of fish species in summer electrofishing surveys from
Location E in Lake Norman, 1994—2008.
3500 —
■MSS
�% 3000 — 72 REF
2500 —
o 2000 — • t4 s= A
z 1500 — Fs ,i 't 0, fi� "`
L � a,, >� j 1 s
1 1
ILA a rit w� D ti; ;• m .,i
1000 ;3 }3 a,, y 4. ;:,
3 1 t ofk 4 t il
500 "I I
CO VIC) CO N- O O N M LO CO N- CO
CA Ci) O CA CA O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O NNNN N NN N N
Year
Figure 4-7. Number of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008.
4-12

200 — 387
180 - •MSS
=REF
160 -
140 -
E120 —o Wi;
O 5` i gat 1i�
M 100 — .�;
7,47 ii
1ni^ ,i TcA A. ✓ E :F4 ,.:1 .qtr
20 iii .iiIT i ,4V j f 0 ''' to :, ;. ' :---4
0 . 1 s.�;1 '.;1 ;p'4',1 ..-+ ;l-li :r I M' I 'id 1 ;#1 z I 1 } 1 `
C7 .7 to CO N O O N CO Cr to CO I"- O
O O CO O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O CO O O O NNNN NNNN Co
Year
Figure 4-8. Biomass of fish collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas (MSS
and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008.
25 -
■MSS
RI REF
20 - ;9
E 1 ?. ,. 'P ra ':a ua
V b[ •• '44 Y,z; ' Iii
1I I I I I ION CO O N NN
Year
Figure 4-9. Number of fish species collected in spring electrofishing surveys from two areas
(MSS and REF) in Lake Norman, 1993— 1997, 1999—2008.
4-13

120
-.-Zone 1 -.-Zone 2
-6-Zone 3 -ft-Zone 4
-N-Zone 5 --6-Zone 6
100 —Lakewide
80
CC
O
60
z
40
20
0 — -- —1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Figure 4-10. Zonal and lake-wide population estimates of pelagic forage fish in Lake
Norman, 1997—2008.
/
4-14

LITERATURE CITED
Brandt, SB. 1996. Acoustic assessment of fish abundance and distribution. Pages 385-432
in BR Murphy and DW Willis, editors. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries
Society,Bethesda,MD.
Brinkhurst,RO. 1974. The Benthos of Lakes. The MacMillan Press,London. 190 pp.
Duke Power Company. 1994. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake
Norman near Marshall Steam Station. Duke Power Company, Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 1999. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Norman
near Marshall Steam Station.Duke Power,Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 2000. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 1999 summary. Duke
Energy Corporation. Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 2004a. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Norman
near Marshall Steam Station. Duke Power,Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 2004b. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Mountain
Island Lake near Riverbend Steam Station. Duke Power, Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 2004c. Assessment of balanced and indigenous populations in Lake Wylie
near Plant Allen. Duke Power,Charlotte,NC.
Duke Power. 2005. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2004 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2006. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2005 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2007. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2006 Summary.
Duke Energy. 2008. Lake Norman maintenance monitoring program: 2007 Summary.
Hayes,DB, CP Ferrier,and WW Taylor. 1996. Active fish capture methods. Pages 193-220
in BR Murphy and DW Willis, editors. Fisheries Techniques. American Fisheries
Society,Bethesda,MD.
Mecklenburg County Department of Environmental Protection (MCDEP). 2003. Lake
monitoring data summary for 2001-2002. Charlotte,NC
MCDEP. 2007. Lake monitoring report for 2007. Charlotte,NC.
Milligan,MR. 1997. Identification manual for the Oligochaeta of Florida. Vol. 1. 187 pp.
L-1

North Carolina Department of Environment, and Natural Resources (NCDENR). 2003.
Basinwide assessment report; Catawba River Basin. North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality. 203pp.
NCDENR. 2006. Standard operating procedure. Biological monitoring: stream fish
community assessment program. NCDENR, Division of Water Quality, Water
Quality Section.Raleigh,NC.
NCDENR. 2008. Lake and reservoir assessments; Catawba River Basin. North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Division of Water Quality.
Environmental Sciences Section. 21pp
L-2

APPENDIX TABLES
Appendix Table A-1. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 6, 2004,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A—E)near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A BCDE Total
Scientific Nacre Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Clupeidae
Alosa pseudoharengus Alewife 5 5 0.8%
Dorosoma petenense Threadf in shad 59 1 60 9.6%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristiia Greenfin shiner 2 2 0.3%
Cyprinella nivea Whitefin shiner 2 2 18 22 3.5%
Cyprinus carpio Common carp 1 1 2 0.3%
Catostom idae
Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse 1 1 0.2%
Ictaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish 1 1 1 3 0.5%
Pylodictis olivaris Flathead catfish 1 1 0.2%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 9 2 9 1 46 67 10.7%
Lepomis gulosus Warmouth 1 1 6 4 12 1.9%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 5 1 3 9 1.4%
Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill 11 58 174 5 105 353 56.6%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 3 2 5 10 1.6%
Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 9 56 1 8 74 11.9%
Percidae
Perca flavescens Yellow perch 3 3 0.5%
Total No.Individuals 84 80 255 14 191 624 100.0%
Total No.Species 7 8 6 7 8 14
Water Temperature("C) 29.3 29.3 27.4 28.8 28.8
Dissolved Oxygen(mgIL) 7.4 6.3 1.9 6.9 7.4 •
A-1

Appendix Table A-2. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 20, 2005,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A—E)near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A BCDE Total
Scientific Name Common Name No. Nb. No. No. No. Nb. %
Cyprinidae
Carassius auratus Goldfish 1 1 0.2%
Cyprinella chloristia Greenfin shiner 15 1 16 3.5%
Cyprinella nivea Whitefin shiner 1 4 1 6 1.3%
Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner 2 2 0.4%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 10 1 7 23 41 8.9%
Lepomis gulosus Warmouth 4 7 3 14 3.0%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 1 2 3 5 11 2.4%
Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill 32 65 85 2 85 269 58.5%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 5 6 8 10 29 6.3%
Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass 2 2 0.4%
Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 6 6 45 2 10 69 15.0%
Total No.Individuals 72 84 155 12 137 460 100.0%
Total No.Species 7 5 7 4 6 10
Water Temperature(°C) 31.1 31.0 33.3 30.5 29.7
Dissolved Oxygen(mglL) 8.2 3.7 1.7 6.0 7.9
A-2

Appendix Table A-3. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 3, 2006,
electrofishing survey from five locations(A—E)near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A BCDE Total
Scientific Name Common Name Nb. No. No. No. No. No. %
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar 1 1 0.1%
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad 2 2 0.3%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella nivea Whitefin shiner 3 4 7 0.9%
Catostom idae
Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse 3 1 4 0.5%
lctaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish 1 2 3 0.4%
Centrarchidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 20 1 18 6 51 96 12.9%
Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish 5 6 1 12 1.6%
Lepomis gulosus Warmouth 3 26 29 3.9%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 2 4 7 13 1.7%
Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill 40 96 196 112 98 542 72.7%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 1 5 1 2 4 13 1.7%
Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass 2 3 5 0.7%
Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 3 3 12 18 2.4%
Micropterus hybrid Hybrid black bass 1 1 0.1%
Total No.Individuals 75 105 233 130 203 746 100.0%
Total No.Species 8 4 8 6 7 12
Water Temperature(C C) 29.5 31.3 32.7 29.8 30.1
Dissolved Oxygen(mglL) 8.4 3.7 1.9 7.6 8.5
A-3

Appendix Table A-4. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 10, 2007,
electrofishing survey from five locations(A—E)near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A BCDE Total
Scientific Name Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad 1 1 0.2%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristia Greenfin shiner 10 4 14 3.1%
Cyprinella nivea Whitefin shiner 3 3 6 1.3%
Ictaluridae
Pylodictis olivaris Flathead catfish 2 2 0.4%
Ce ntrarchidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 20 2 4 9 35 7.6%
Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish 17 1 7 25 5.4%
Lepomis gulosus Warmouth 2 1 3 0.7%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 3 1 1 4 9 2.0%
Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill 16 56 167 8 52 299 65.1%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 1 1 2 0.4%
Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass 5 1 1 7 1.5%
Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 4 9 34 1 7 55 12.0%
Micropterus hybrid Hybrid black bass 1 1 0.2%
Total No.Individuals 82 70 217 10 80 459 100.0%
Total No.Species 10 6 6 2 6 11
Water Temperature("C) 31.7 30.0 24.7 29.2 28.4
Dissolved Oxygen(mg1L) 8.4 2.8 1.3 6.8 7.8
A-4

-- Appendix Table A-5. Species composition, number of individuals, number of species,
temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration in July 9, 2008,
electrofishing survey from five locations (A—E)near MSS in Lake
Norman.
Locations
A BCDE Total
Scientific Name Common Name No. No. No. No. No. No. %
Lepisosteidae
Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar 2 2 0.2%
Clupeidae
Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad 3 3 0.3%
Cyprinidae
Cyprinella chloristia Greenfin shiner 14 7 21 2.3%
Cyprinella nivea Whitefin shiner 2 5 10 17 1.9%
Cyprinus carpio Cormion carp 1 1 0.1%
Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner 94 4 98 10.9%
lctaluridae
Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish 1 1 0.1%
Pylodictis olivaris Flathead catfish
Ce ntrarchidae
Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish 15 3 15 33 3.7%
Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish 7 5 5 3 1 21 2.3%
Lepomis gulosus Warrnouth 2 4 7 3 16 1.8%
Lepomis hybrid Hybrid sunfish 1 3 2 5 11 1.2%
Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill 19 122 124 31 198 494 55.0%
Lepomis microlophus Redear sunfish 7 2 2 11 1.2%
Micropterus punctulatus Spotted bass 18 24 1 19 10 72 8.0%
Micropterus salmoides Largemouth bass 11 12 53 13 8 97 10.8%
Total No.Individuals 74 179 195 186 264 898 100.0%
Total No.Species 7 8 6 9 11 14
Water Temperature(°C) 28.8 30.9 33.6 28.3 27.6
Dissolved Oxygen(mgIL) 7.7 2.6 1.2 6.3 7.1
v2
A-5