20070913 Ver 1_Monitoring Report_20080715

601 North Mitigation Report
Union County, North Carolina
USGS HUC: 03040105070010

Prepared by:
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Environmental Banc & Exchange
909 Capability Drive, Suite 3100
Raleigh, NC 27606
Prepared for:
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? L??c?systcm i
NCDENR-Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1652
- June 2008
©Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 2008
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ULR@Rflyi5
D
Jul- 1 5 2008
1NET(ANDE AND STORMi?;ATER 3RANCH
RECEIVED
JUN 1 3 2008
ENHANNCCEECOSYSTEM
Project ID No. D 06054-A
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Executive Summary
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• The 601 North Stream Restoration Site (Site) lies within a conservation easement located
• within a parcel owned by Franklin W. Howey. The Site falls within Union County, North
Carolina approximately seven miles south of Monroe, North Carolina. The streams
• within the Site drain a portion of the USGS hydrologic unit 03040105070010 within the
• Yadkin River Basin and 03-07-14 NCDWQ sub-basin.
• Prior to restoration, the Site included one stream system (UT) that is an unnamed
• tributary to Wicker's Branch. UT has a drainage area of approximately 0.30 square
• miles. During the past two decades, the watershed for UT has predominantly consisted of
crop land.
• Prior to restoration, the Site consisted of primarily agricultural fields. For most of the
• length of the stream, the area adjacent to the existing stream had remained cleared and
• has been compacted due to agricultural practices. The stream channel appeared to have
• been straightened.
• Due to the modification to the watershed, surrounding agricultural fields, and channel,
• the channel was downcut and expanded in width. In some sections, bedrock has limited

• downcutting, but accelerated lateral bank erosion and subsequent channel widening.
These conditions impaired water quality by increasing sediment loads, increasing nutrient
• and pollution inputs due to direct contribution and lack of filtration by the riparian buffer,
• increased turbidity, elevated water temperature due to lack of significant shading by the
• riparian buffer, and reduced oxygen levels due to increased BOD and lack of
reoxygenating features such as riffles. Wildlife habitat had been impaired by a lack of
• physical habitat in-stream or in the buffer, poor water quality, and impaired floodplain
• dynamics.
• The stream was restored using a combination of Rosgen Priority I and II approaches. The
• channel restoration brought about stable channel geometry, introduced bed and bank
• features, stabilized the channel banks, and reconnected the channel to a floodplain. In
total, channel restoration work restored 3,036 linear feet of stream. The riparian buffer
• was restored through conditioning the soil and planting native vegetation. Buffer
• restoration restored 7.5 acres of riparian buffer. Table 1 provides a summary of
restoration values.
The stream restoration will improve water quality by reducing sediment inputs from
unstable banks, decreasing nutrient and pollutants inputs by reducing direct contributions
and filtering sheet flow within the riparian buffer, increase oxygen levels by decreasing
BOD and introducing reoxygenating features such as riffle. Wildlife habitat will improve
through the introduction of physical in-stream habitat and buffer habitat, improving water
quality, and reestablishing flood plain dynamics.
• Monitoring in 2008 through 2012 will assess the Site's stream and riparian areas to
• determine restoration success. The monitoring plan has been established based on
guidance provided by The Stream Mitigation Guidelines disseminated by the United
• States Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District (McLendon, Scott, Fox, Becky et al.
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2003) and the most current version of the EEP documents entitled "Content, Format, and
Data Requirements for EEP Monitoring Reports". Streams will be monitored for stability
using cross section and longitudinal profile surveys and photo documentation. Riparian
areas will be monitored for plant survival using stem counts.
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Table of Contents
Narrative ............................................................................................................................. 1
Monitoring Plan .................................................................................................................. 6
Stream Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 6
Riparian Buffer Vegetation ............................................................................................. 7
References ........................................................................................................................... 7
List of Tables
Table 1: Mitigation Summary Table .................................................................................. 3
Table 2: Mitigation Unit Summary .................................................................................... 3
List of Figures
Figure 1 Project Map .......................................................................................................... 5
List of Attachments
Attachment 1: Record Drawings
Attachment 2: Baseline Monitoring
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Narrative
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The 601 North Stream Restoration Site (Site) lies within a conservation easement located
within a parcel owned by Franklin W. Howey. The Site falls within Union County, North
Carolina approximately seven miles south of Monroe, North Carolina. The streams
within the Site drain a portion of the USGS hydrologic unit 03040105070010 within the
- Yadkin River Basin and 03-07-14 NCDWQ sub-basin.
• Prior to restoration, the Site included one stream system (UT) that is an unnamed
• tributary to Wicker's Branch. UT has a drainage area of approximately 0.30 square
miles. During the past two decades, the watershed for UT has predominantly consisted of
crop land.
Prior to restoration, the Site consisted of primarily agricultural fields. For most of the
length of the stream, the area adjacent to the existing stream had remained cleared and
• has been compacted due to agricultural practices. The stream channel appeared to have
- been straightened.
- Due to the modification to the watershed, surrounding agricultural fields, and channel,
the channel was downcut and expanded in width. In some sections, bedrock has limited
downcutting, but accelerated lateral bank erosion and subsequent channel widening.
These conditions impaired water quality by increasing sediment loads, increasing nutrient
- and pollution inputs due to direct contribution and lack of filtration by the riparian buffer,
increased turbidity, elevated water temperature due to lack of significant shading by the
riparian buffer, and reduced oxygen levels due to increased BOD and lack of
reoxygenating features such as riffles. Wildlife habitat had been impaired by a lack of
physical habitat in-stream or in the buffer, poor water quality, and impaired floodplain
- dynamics.

Goals related to hydrology include:
• Re-establishing floodplain connection by raising bed elevations
• Increase flood storage by re-establishing floodplain

- Goals related to water quality include:
• Reducing turbidity by reducing sediment inputs
• Reducing water temperatures by providing shading
• Increasing / stabilizing oxygen levels by reducing BOD/COD and increasing
reoxygenating turbulence

- Goals related to habitat include:
• Improve bed habitat by increasing riffle - pool diversity, reducing sediment
deposition, and improving low flow water depths
• Improve bank habitat by increasing stability and woody biomass

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• Improve floodplain habitat by establishing microtopography and hydrology,
removing invasive vegetation, and increasing habitat diversity
• Improve food web dynamics by adding biomass (such as detritus, woody debris,
and leaf matter) and re-establishing floodplain connection
The restoration achieves these goals through the following objectives:
• Stabilizing channel bed and banks through modifying dimension, pattern, and
profile using natural channel design
• Installing in-stream structures such as rock vanes
• Installing in-bank structures such as root wads
• Raising stream bed elevations
• Restoring soils in riparian buffer
• Removing invasive vegetation
• Planting native vegetation in riparian buffer
Priority I and Priority II restoration approaches were used for this project. The Priority II
approach was used to re-establish an active floodplain and stabilize the stream banks
(Rosgen, David L. 1997). The Priority I approach was used to raise bed elevations and
reconnect the channel to the abandoned floodplain. These methods were primarily
employed to re-establish an appropriate stream cross section, bed form and pattern in
order to improve habitat and ecosystem functions. The streams were also connected to
flood plains which will re-establish more natural riparian conditions.
The riparian buffer was planted as four zones. Zone 1, the stream channel zone, was
planted with fast growing; obligate pioneer species able to provide stability to the
channel. Zone 2 was the stream bench zone consisting of planted tree and shrub species
and seeded native herbaceous species typically found along stream banks in the region.
Zone 3 was a forested riparian area consisting of selected tree and shrub species tolerant
of range of inundation and saturation. Zone 4 was a transitional zone consisting of Zone
3 species tolerant of edge habitats. Zone 1 was planted with live stakes and the
remaining zones were planted with bare roots seedlings. Planting spacing was determined
according to planting type. The entire easement was planted as described above.
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Table 1: Mitigation Summarv Table
Stream Stream
Wetland
Wetland Riparian
Project Restoration Enhancement Buffer
Stream Linear Level 11 Restoration Enhancement
Restoration

Footage
Linear Footage Acreage Acreage
UT 3,036 0 0 0 7.5
Total Site 3,036 0 0 0 7.5
Total 3,036 0
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SMU
Total
WMU - - 0 0
Table 2: Mitigation Unit Summarv
Contract
As-built Stream Contract As-built
Stream
Mitigation Units Wetland Wetland
Mitigation Units Mitigation Mitigation Units
(SMU) Units (WMU) (WMU)
3,000 3,036 0 0
Modifications to the Restoration Plan and Construction Plan Summary
The following is a summary of changes that were made from the Restoration Plan to the
construction plans as well as changes implemented during construction. Most of the
changes resulted from the contractor hitting bedrock while excavating the channel or
installing structures.
Vernal Pools - The construction drawings show a total of eleven vernal pools that were
proposed to be placed where concentrated storm water enters the buffer from the adjacent
fields. A total of seven vernal pools were actually constructed and some of them are
much larger than what was shown in the construction drawings. Existing field conditions
made constructing the additional four vernal pools unnecessary.
Station 108+40 - A log Vane was added at this location to help protect the bank.
Station 109+30 - A log Vane was added at this location to help protect the bank from
flows coming from the culvert.
Station 100+00 to 130+96 - (Entire Reach) - Constructed Riffles were used in every
riffle except for the ones that are on bedrock. These constructed riffles were installed
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using native material from on-site (bedrock materials). Since enough bedrock material
was available on-site to place in every riffle and several riffles are at grade on bedrock,
all rock cross vanes were removed from the plans. In the Record Set drawings all riffles
are labeled as being constructed riffles or bedrock riffles.
Station 130+50 to 130+96 - This section of stream was shifted approximately 10 feet to
the East to avoid impacting a large tree on the bank of Wicker Branch.
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Monitoring Plan
The monitoring plan to evaluate the success of the stream restoration project is based on
guidance provided by The Stream Mitigation Guidelines (McLendon, Scott, Fox, Becky
et al. 2003) disseminated by the United States Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District
and recommendations from the Ecosystem Enhancement Program. The collection and
summarization of monitoring data will be conducted in accordance with the most current
version of the EEP documents entitled "Content, Format, and Data Requirements for EEP
Monitoring Reports".
Monitoring work will occur annually for five years and includes reference photographs,
channel materials sampling, site survey, and visual assessment and mapping of
significant features. The success criteria and assessment methods for the Site's streams
and riparian buffer are provided below.
Stream Monitoring
Success Criteria
The stream geometry will be considered successful if the cross-section geometry, profile,
and sinuosity are stable or reach a dynamic equilibrium. It is expected that there will be
minimal changes in the designed cross sections, profile, and/or substrate composition.
• Changes that may occur during the monitoring period will be evaluated to determine if
they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (e.g. down cutting, or bank
erosion) or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability (e.g. settling,
• vegetative changes, coarsening of bed material, etc.).
i Deviation from the design ratios will not necessarily denote failure as it is possible to
- maintain stability and not stay within the design geometry. Additionally, determination of
true bankfull will be difficult until the stream has had adequate flooding events to create
strong bankfull indicators.
Assessment Methods
The survey of channel dimension consists of six permanent cross sections placed at
unique stream segments throughout the project extent. The cross sections represent 3
riffles and 3 pools. Annual photographs showing both banks will be taken for each cross
section.
The survey of the longitudinal profile covers 3,000 feet of the project reaches. Newly-
constructed meanders will be surveyed to provide pattern measurements.
Right and left bank view permanent photo stations have been set up to visually monitor
stream conditions. These photo stations are mapped on the Record Drawings.
The entire restored length of stream will be investigated for channel stability and in-
stream structure functionality. Any evidence of channel instability will be identified,
mapped, and photographed. All structures will be inventoried for functionality.
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Riparian Buffer Vegetation
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Success Criteria
The success of riparian and wetland vegetation planting will be gauged by stem counts of
planted species. Riparian and wetland vegetation will be considered successful with the
survival of 260 planted stems per acre at the end of the fifth year of monitoring, with
survival of 320 planted stems per acre at the end of the third year of monitoring as an
interim measure of success. Photos taken at established photo points should indicate
maturation of riparian vegetation community.
Assessment Methods
The success of vegetation plantings will be measured through stem counts. Three
permanent plots will be used to sample the riparian buffer and restoration wetlands. Each
quadrant covers 1,000 square feet. During the counts, the health of the vegetation will be
noted. The vegetation survey will occur during the growing season. Permanent photo
points have been set up for each plot.
References
McLendon, Scott, Becky Fox, et al. (2003). Stream Mitigation Guidelines. United States
Army Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District, United States Environmental
Protection Agency, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North
Carolina Department of Natrual Resources - Division of Water Quality.
Rosgen, David L. (1997). A Geomorphic Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers.
Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision.
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Attachment 1
Record Drawings
(See Record Drawing Set separate from this
document -Dated 06/13/2008)
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Attachment 2
Baseline Monitoring
Stream Geomorphology
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Vegetation
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: 601 North Plot: N1 Date:_ 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
m m Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 FP 0.16 3.57 3 44 4
2 FP 0.36 5.86 1 29 4
3 QM 0.65 8.00 2 45 3
4 FP 2.80 2.04 1 30 4
5 FP 3.08 4.61 1 19 4
6 FP 3.39 7.01 0 8 4
7 FP 3.71 9.61 3 44 4
8 QN 6.11 2.65 3 59 1
9 BN 6.41 5.14 2 48 3
10 BN 6.92 7.98 3 56 2
11 QN 8.80 2.22 1 23 1
12 FP 9.35 4.59 2 45 4
13 FP 9.58 7.03 3 54 4
14 FP 9.72 9.32 2 43 4

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X meters • Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 10' section of PVC pipe.
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 82° magnetic
<1.37m >1.37m
601 North
Plot N1
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: 601 North Plot: N2 Date:_ 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 AT 0.17 0.42 3 42 3
2 AT 0.25 3.30 2 33 2
3 CO 0.36 6.50 4 27 2
4 CO 0.43 9.42 1 17 2
5 BN 3.01 2.20 2 37 3
6 QM 3.50 8.67 5 56 3
7 QN 3.65 6.16 2 65 1
8 BN 6.75 9.46 2 39 4
9 BN 6.88 6.85 4 49 4
10 QN 7.05 2.23 3 65 1
11 FP 7.15 4.69 2 50 4
12 FP 9.21 7.94 1 21 4
13 Q 9.64 5.33 4 60 1
14 Q 9.85 2.74 2 51 1

<1.37m >1.37m
601 North
Plot N2
10
8
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4
2
Y 0
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X

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2 4 6
meters
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
10 Azimuth = 66° magnetic
8 10
• Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 10' section of PVC pipe.
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: 601 North Plot: N3 Date:_ 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 QP 0.75 8.62 1 19 4
2 QM 0.78 6.15 2 50 4
3 Q 1.00 3.82 2 48 2
4 QP 1.25 1.35 7 60 2
5 FP 3.39 9.33 1 38 4
6 FP 3.69 6.56 2 35 4
7 FP 3.89 4.00 2 52 4
8 BN 3.90 1.38 3 51 4
9 QP 6.37 8.21 2 51 1
10 BN 6.47 3.47 2 43 4
11 BN 6.65 1.20 3 45 4
12 Q 6.88 5.78 2 43 1
13 QM 9.23 7.75 2 29 4
14 Q 9.35 0.41 2 48 1
15 QM 9.55 2.90 1 30 3
16 BN 9.60 9.94 1 29 4
17 QM 9.67 5.21 6 58 3

<1.37m >1.37m
601 North
Plot N3
10
8
6
E
E
4
2
Y 0
0
X

2 4 6
meters
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 58° magnetic
8 10
• Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 1 0' section of PVC pipe.
601 North Vegetation Plot Photos
June, 2008
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Vegetation Plot 1
Vegetation Plot 2

Vegetation Plot 3
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