20070896 Ver 1_Mitigation Report_20080715

Wolf Pond Mitigation Report
Union County, North Carolina
USGS HUC: 03040105070010
Project ID No. D 06054-B

Prepared by:
am
Iff
Environmental Banc & Exchange
909 Capability Drive, Suite 3100
Raleigh, NC 27606
Prepared for:
r?
QS 1tl'Ill
NCDENR-Ecosystem Enhancement Program
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1652
June 2008
©Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. 2008
R0?Fe, PM D
.iUL 1 5 2008
DENR - VVAI EP QUAD I Y
WETLANDS AND STORMWATER BRANCH
RECEIVED
JUN 1 -4 ?nnR
NC ECOSYSTEM
ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
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Executive Summary
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• The Wolf Pond Stream Restoration Site (Site) lies within a conservation easement located
within a parcel owned by Franklin W. Howey. The Site falls within Union County, North
• Carolina approximately five miles south of Monroe, North Carolina. The streams within
• the Site drain a portion of the USGS hydrologic unit 03040105070010 within the Yadkin
River Basin and 03-07-14 NCDWQ sub-basin.
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Prior to restoration, the Site included two stream systems (UT1 and UT2). Both stream
systems are unnamed tributaries of Adams Branch. UT1 flows into UT2 and has a
drainage area of approximately 0.12 square miles. UT2 consists of two reaches formed
• by a split at the junction with UT1. Upper section UT2 lies above the junction and has a
drainage area of approximately 0.63 square miles. Lower section UT2 lies below the
junction and has a drainage area of approximately 0.83 square miles.
• During the past two decades, the watershed for UT1 has consisted of cut over forest and
crop land. In the same time period, the watershed for UT2 has consisted of cut over
• forest, crop land, and intact forest.
• The site consisted of primarily agricultural fields. For most of the length of the streams,
• the landowners had repeatedly cleared the land adjacent to the stream channel, and prior
to restoration, some sections of the area adjacent to the stream channel continued to be
void of woody vegetation while other sections exhibited early successional growth
- featuring thickets of vines. The stream channel appeared to have been straightened.
• Due to the modification to the watershed, surrounding agricultural land, and channel, the
• channel was downcut and expanded in width. In some sections, bedrock limited
downcutting, but accelerated lateral bank erosion and subsequent channel widening.
• These conditions impaired water quality by increasing sediment loads, increasing nutrient
• and pollution inputs due to direct contribution and lack of filtration by the riparian buffer,
• increased turbidity, elevated water temperature due to lack of significant shading by the
riparian buffer, and reduced oxygen levels due to increased BOD and lack of
• reoxygenating features such as riffles. Wildlife habitat had been impaired by a lack of
• physical habitat in-stream or in the buffer, poor water quality, and impaired floodplain
- dynamics.
• The streams were restored using a combination of Rosgen Priority I and II approaches.
The channel restoration brought about stable channel geometry, introduced bed and bank
• features, stabilized the channel banks, and reconnected the channel to a floodplain. In
• total, channel restoration work restored 4,513 linear feet of stream. The riparian buffer
- was restored through conditioning the soil and planting native vegetation. Buffer
restoration restored 12.1 acres of riparian buffer. Table 1 provides a summary of
• restoration values.
• The stream restoration will improve water quality by reducing sediment inputs from
unstable banks, decreasing nutrient and pollutant inputs by reducing direct contributions
- and filtering sheet flow within the riparian buffer, increase oxygen levels by decreasing

• BOD and introducing reoxygenating features such as riffle. Wildlife habitat will improve
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through the introduction of physical in-stream habitat and buffer habitat, improving water
quality, and reestablishing flood plain dynamics.
Monitoring in 2008 through 2012 will assess the Site's stream and riparian areas to
determine restoration success. The monitoring plan has been established based on
guidance provided by The Stream Mitigation Guidelines disseminated by the United
States Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District (McLendon, Scott, Fox, Becky et al.
2003) and the most current version of the EEP documents entitled "Content, Format, and
Data Requirements for EEP Monitoring Reports". Streams will be monitored for stability
using cross section and longitudinal profile surveys and photo documentation. Riparian
areas will be monitored for plant survival using stem counts.
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Table of Contents
Narrative ................................
Monitoring Plan .....................
Stream Monitoring .............
Riparian Buffer Vegetation
References ..............................
List of Tables
Table 1: Mitigation Summary Table ..............................
Table 2: Mitigation Unit Summary ................................
List of Figures
Figure 1 Project Map..
List of Attachments
Attachment 1: Record Drawings
Attachment 2: Baseline Monitoring
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• Narrative
The Wolf Pond Stream Restoration Site (Site) lies within a conservation easement located
• within a parcel owned by Franklin W. Howey. The Site falls within Union County, North
. Carolina approximately five miles south of Monroe, North Carolina. The streams within
. the Site drain a portion of the USGS hydrologic unit 03040105070010 within the Yadkin
River Basin and 03-07-14 NCDWQ sub-basin.
Prior to restoration, the Site included two stream systems (UT1 and UT2). Both stream
• systems are unnamed tributaries of Adams Branch. UT1 flows into UT2 and has a
• drainage area of approximately 0.12 square miles. UT2 consists of two reaches formed
• by a split at the junction with UT1. Upper section UT2 lies above the junction and has a
drainage area of approximately 0.63 square miles. Lower section UT2 lies below the
• junction and has a drainage area of approximately 0.83 square miles.
• During the past two decades, the watershed for UT1 has consisted of cut over forest and
• crop land. In the same time period, the watershed for UT2 has consisted of cut over
• forest, crop land, and intact forest.
• The site consisted of primarily agricultural fields. For most of the length of the streams,

• the landowners had repeatedly cleared the land adjacent to the stream channel, and prior
to restoration, some sections of the area adjacent to the stream channel continued to be
• void of woody vegetation while other sections exhibited early successional growth
• featuring thickets of vines. The stream channel appeared to have been straightened.
Due to the modification to the watershed, surrounding agricultural land, and channel, the

• channel was downcut and expanded in width. In some sections, bedrock limited
downcutting, but accelerated lateral bank erosion and subsequent channel widening.
• These conditions impaired water quality by increasing sediment loads, increasing nutrient
- and pollution inputs due to direct contribution and lack of filtration by the riparian buffer,
increased turbidity, elevated water temperature due to lack of significant shading by the
• riparian buffer, and reduced oxygen levels due to increased BOD and lack of
reoxygenating features such as riffles. Wildlife habitat had been impaired by a lack of
- physical habitat in-stream or in the buffer, poor water quality, and impaired floodplain
dynamics.
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• The goals of the project relate to providing ecological improvements to the Site's streams
and riparian buffers through beneficial modifications of hydrology, water quality, and
• habitat.
Goals related to hydrology include:
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• Re-establishing floodplain connection by raising bed elevations
. • Increase flood storage by re-establishing floodplain
• Goals related to water quality include:
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• • Reducing turbidity by reducing sediment inputs
• • Reducing water temperatures by providing shading
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• Increasing / stabilizing oxygen levels by reducing BOD/COD and increasing
reoxygenating turbulence
Goals related to habitat include:
• Improve bed habitat by increasing riffle - pool diversity, reducing sediment
deposition, and improving low flow water depths
• Improve bank habitat by increasing stability and woody biomass
• Improve floodplain habitat by establishing microtopography and hydrology,
removing invasive vegetation, and increasing habitat diversity
• Improve food web dynamics by adding biomass (such as detritus, woody debris,
and leaf matter) and re-establishing floodplain connection
The restoration achieves these goals through the following objectives:
• Stabilizing channel bed and banks through modifying dimension, pattern, and
profile using natural channel design
• Installing in-stream structures such as rock vanes
• Installing in-bank structures such as root wads
• Raising stream bed elevations
• Restoring soils in riparian buffer
• Removing invasive vegetation
• Planting native vegetation in riparian buffer
Priority I and Priority II restoration approaches were used for this project. The Priority II
approach was used to re-establish an active floodplain and stabilize the stream banks
(Rosgen, David L. 1997). The Priority I approach was used to raise bed elevations and
reconnect the channel to the abandoned floodplain. These methods were primarily
employed to re-establish an appropriate stream cross section, bed form and pattern in
order to improve habitat and ecosystem functions. The streams were also connected to
flood plains which will re-establish more natural riparian conditions.
The riparian buffer was planted as five zones. Zone 1, the stream channel zone, was
planted with fast growing; obligate pioneer species able to provide stability to the
channel. Zone 2 was the stream bank zone consisting of planted tree and shrub species
and seeded native herbaceous species typically found along stream banks in the region.
Zone 3 was a forested riparian area consisting of selected tree and shrub species tolerant
of range of inundation and saturation. Zone 4 was a bottomland area consisting of
selected tree and shrub species adapted to extended periods of inundation and saturation.
Zone 5 was a transitional zone consisting of Zone 3 species tolerant of edge habitats.
Zone 1 was planted with live stakes and the remaining zones were planted with bare roots
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seedlings. Planting spacing was determined according to planting type. The entire
easement was planted as described above.
Table 1: Miti!ation Summarv Table
Stream Stream Riparian
Wetland Wetland
Project Restoration Enhancement Buffer
Restoration Enhancement
Stream Linear Level 11 Restoration
Acreage Acreage
Footage Linear Footage
UT1 1,541 0 0 0
UT2 2,972 0 0 0
Total Site 4,513 0 0 0 12.1
Total 4,513 0 - - -
SMU
Total
WMU
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Table 2: Mitieation Unit Summarv
Contract
As-built Stream Contract As-built
Stream
Mitigation Units Wetland Wetland
Mitigation Units Mitigation Mitigation Units
(SMU) Units (WMU) (WMU)
4,500 4,513 - -
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Modifications to the Restoration Plan and Construction Plan Summary
The following is a summary of changes that were made from the Restoration Plan to the
construction plans as well as changes implemented during construction. Most of the
changes resulted from the contractor hitting bedrock while excavating the channel or
installing structures.
Station 114+00 to 115+00 - The contractor had to re-align the stream through this section
in order to excavate the channel. Also, the proposed Rock Cross Vane that would have
been at Station 115+00 was deleted since it was not possible to build because of the
bedrock in this area. The bedrock should provide bed stabilization in this section.
Vernal Pools - The construction drawings show a total of seven vernal pools that are
meant to be placed where concentrated storm water enters the buffer from the adjacent
fields. A total of nine vernal pools were actually constructed and some of them are much
larger than what was shown in the construction drawings (see Record Set drawings).
Station 204+50 - Constructed Riffle was deleted due to bedrock in the channel.
Station 213+30 - The A-Vane at this location was deleted due to bedrock that was at the
proposed grade of the riffle. The structure was no longer necessary since bedrock is in
this location.
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Station 227+30 - Two root wad structures were deleted from this meander because the
outside of the bend was adjacent to a wetland. The designer felt that adding the root
wads in the outside of this bend would cause instability in the bank.
Station 100+00 - Four Log Sills were added to the upstream tie in of UT1 due to a
discrepancy with the survey in this location. Each log sill has a drop of 0.5 feet and they
are spaced approximately 6 feet apart in the profile.
Station 101+85 - A proposed Rock Cross Vane was deleted from this location because of
existing bedrock in this area at grade.
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Monitoring Plan
The monitoring plan to evaluate the success of the stream restoration project is based on
guidance provided by The Stream Mitigation Guidelines (McLendon, Scott, Fox, Becky
et al. 2003) disseminated by the United States Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District
and recommendations from the Ecosystem Enhancement Program. The collection and
summarization of monitoring data will be conducted in accordance with the most current
version of the EEP documents entitled "Content, Format, and Data Requirements for EEP
Monitoring Reports".
Monitoring work will occur annually for five years and includes reference photographs,
channel materials sampling, site survey, and visual assessment and mapping of
significant features. The success criteria and assessment methods for the Site's streams
and riparian buffer are provided below.
Stream Monitoring
Success Criteria
The stream geometry will be considered successful if the cross-section geometry, profile,
and sinuosity are stable or reach a dynamic equilibrium. It is expected that there will be
minimal changes in the designed cross sections, profile, and/or substrate composition.
Changes that may occur during the monitoring period will be evaluated to determine if
they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (e.g. down cutting, or bank
erosion) or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability (e.g. settling,
vegetative changes, coarsening of bed material, etc.).
Deviation from the design ratios will not necessarily denote failure as it is possible to
maintain stability and not stay within the design geometry. Changes to the as-built
bankfull elevation may occur due to natural processes of channel adjustment.
Assessment Methods
The survey of channel dimension consists of 8 permanent cross sections placed at unique
stream segments throughout the project extent. The cross sections represent 4 riffles and
4 pools. Annual photographs showing both banks will be taken for each cross section.
The survey of the longitudinal profile covers 3,000 feet of the project reaches. Newly-
constructed meanders will be surveyed to provide pattern measurements.
Right and left bank view permanent photo stations have been set up to visually monitor
stream conditions. These photo stations are mapped on the Record Drawings.
The entire restored length of stream will be investigated for channel stability and in-
stream structure functionality. Any evidence of channel instability will be identified,
mapped, and photographed. All structures will be inventoried for functionality.
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Riparian Buffer Vegetation
Success Criteria
The success of riparian and wetland vegetation planting will be gauged by stem counts of
planted species. Riparian and wetland vegetation will be considered successful with the
i survival of 260 planted stems per acre at the end of the fifth year of monitoring, with
• survival of 320 planted stems per acre at the end of the third year of monitoring as an
interim measure of success. Photos taken at established photo points should indicate
maturation of riparian vegetation community.
Assessment Methods

The success of vegetation plantings will be measured through stem counts. Five
permanent plots will be used to sample the riparian buffer and restoration wetlands. Each
quadrant covers 1,000 square feet. During the counts, the health of the vegetation will be
• noted. The vegetation survey will occur during the growing season. Permanent photo

• points have been set up for each plot.
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• References
McLendon, Scott, Becky Fox, et al. (2003). Stream Mitigation Guidelines. United States
- Army Corps of Engineers - Wilmington District, United States Environmental
Protection Agency, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission and North
• Carolina Department of Natrual Resources - Division of Water Quality.
Rosgen, David L. (1997). A Geomorphic Approach to Restoration of Incised Rivers.
- Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision.
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Attachment 2
Baseline Monitoring
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Stream Geomorphology
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Vegetation
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: Wolf Pond Plot: WP1 Date: 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 FP 0.29 9.59 3 55 4
2 FP 0.35 2.49 1 37 4
3 FP 0.39 0.28 1 30 4
4 AT 0.62 4.51 3 48 3
5 FP 1.57 6.73 3 60 4
6 FP 2.67 9.00 3 57 4
7 CO 2.93 1.19 2 45 2
8 Q 3.32 3.46 0 23 1
9 QP 3.90 5.33 2 37 1
10 BN 4.70 7.21 5 55 2
11 BN 5.59 2.50 2 40 2
12 QN 5.61 9.14 3 43 1
13 BN 6.13 5.04 2 34 2
14 BN 6.97 7.60 1 43 1
15 QP 8.26 2.43 0 30 1
16 Q 8.53 5.05 2 45 2
17 QP 9.81 7.56 5 52 4

<1.37m >1.37m
Wolf Pond
Plot WP1
10
8
6
am
t
4
2
Y 0
0
X
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 =Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 136° magnetic
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 10' section of PVC pipe.
2 4 6 8 10
meters • Planted trees
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: Wolf Pond Plot: WP2 Date: 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 AT 0.22 5.02 2 28 3
2 CO 0.26 7.97 2 16 3
3 CO 0.35 0.41 3 22 4
4 FP 1.97 2.76 1 29 3
5 QM 2.48 5.21 4 53 2

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CO
3.01
0.37
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23 -
4
7 QM 3.25 8.07 5 50 1
8 FP 4.44 2.83 1 21 3
9 QM 5.03 5.14 5 55 1
10 QN 5.55 0.56 2 51 1
11 Q 6.18 8.00 3 48 1
12 QM 7.01 2.96 4 55 2
13 QM 7.73 5.52 3 54 3
14 Q 8.20 0.84 0 7 1
15 AT 8.99 8.06 3 32 3
16 QN 9.58 2.13 3 41 1

<1.37m >1.37m
Wolf Pond
Plot WP2
10
8
6
N
N
Z
E
4
2
Y OC
0
X
2 4 6
meters
8 10
• Planted trees
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 56° magnetic
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 10' section of PVC pipe.
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: Wolf Pond Plot: WP3 Date: 9-May-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 FP 0.15 7.12 1 33 4
2 AT 0.29 1.45 3 44 3
3 QM 0.30 9.80 1 44 3
4 QM 0.37 4.29 1 25 1
5 FP 2.31 7.16 4 53 3
6 CO 2.86 9.91 2 18 3
7 BN 2.87 1.65 3 43 2
8 QM 3.13 4.21 2 59 1
9 AT 4.58 7.21 1 27 2
10 BN 5.29 1.81 2 46 2-
11 CO 5.65 9.85 1 14 1
12 QN 5.82 4.47 4 49 1
13 Q 6.65 7.28 0 12 1
14 BN 7.46 1.68 3 43 2
15 Q 8.48 4.42 2 40 1
16 QM 8.62 9.86 7 58 4
17 QN 8.82 7.25 3 50 1
18 BN 9.90 1.68 2 46 3
<1.37m >1.37m
Wolf Pond
Plot WP3
10
8
6
in
m
N
E
4
2
Y 0L
0
X

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2 4 6
meters
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 43° magnetic
8 10
• Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 1 0' section of PVC pipe.
•
•
•
•
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: Wolf Pond Plot: WP4 Date: 9-Mav-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 CO 0.87 0.22 5 30 4
2 QM 0.95 9.83 3 56 3
3 QN 1.01 7.32 3 39 1
4 FP 1.03 4.62 1 21 3
5 Q 1.23 2.40 1 34 1
6 Q 3.06 9.49 2 54 1
7 Q 3.17 0.34 1 51 1
8 QM 3.20 6.91 5 64 4
9 Q 3.32 2.56 3 55 1
10 QM 3.36 4.72 6 56 4
11 BN 5.59 5.70 2 46 4
12 BN 5.66 9.70 3 51 2
13 BN 5.70 7.65 3 52 2
14 BN 6.00 3.63 3 50 3
15 BN 6.01 1.54 6 54 2
16 FP 8.30 8.38 2 53 3
17 AT 8.86 3.86 2 28 2
18 QN 8.90 1.65 2 32 1
19 Q 9.00 6.04 2 56 1
<1.3/m >1.:31m
Wolf Pond
Plot WP4
10
8
6
a?
4
2
Y 0
0
X
2 4
meters
Do-
6 8 10
• Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 10' section of PVC pipe.

Victor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 50° magnetic
Environmental Banc & Exchange
IPO Number: NC-01-2007
Monitoring Plots Baseline Data
Site: Wolf Pond Plot: WP5 Date: 9-Mav-08
No Species Coordinates
X m Y m ddh
mm Height
cm DBH
cm Vigor
1 AT 0.32 7.22 2 51 2
2 AT 1.38 2.12 2 47 3
3 AT 1.40 4.89 3 53 2
4 FP 2.49 9.88 2 51 3
5 QP 3.65 7.74 4 58 1
6 QP 4.35 5.29 3 48 2
7 FP 4.47 2.61 3 47 3
8 CO 5.60 9.50 2 17 4
9 CO 6.67 7.21 0 12 3
10 Q 6.95 2.18 1 12 1
11 CO 7.18 4.73 3 19 3
12 BN 8.91 8.37 4 55 1
13 BN 9.57 0.48 3 55 3
14 BN 9.88 3.00 6 45 2
15 BN 9.95 5.40 4 57 2

<1.37m >1.37m
Wolf Pond
Plot WP5
10
8
6
N
N
E
4
2
Y 0
0
X
i

T

I
2 4 6
meters
Vigor Code
4 = Excellent
3 = Good
2 = Weak
1 = Unlikely to survive
0 = Dead
M = Missing
Species Code
AT = Asimina triloba
BN = Betula nigra
CO = Carya ovata
FP = Fraxinus pennsylvanica
QM = Quercus michauxii
QN = Quercus nigra
QP = Quercus phellos
Q = Quercus species unknown
Plot Photograph is taken
from origin toward opposite
corner.
Azimuth = 44° magnetic
8 10
• Planted trees
Plot origin is the most Southwest corner and is identified by a 1 0' section of PVC pipe.
Wolf Pond Vegetation Plot Photos
June, 2008

Vegetation Plot 1

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Vegetation Plot 2
k
Vegetation Plot 3
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