20081087 Ver 1_Restoration Plan_20080710

UT to Jumping Run Creek
Stream and Wetland Restoration Plan
Cumberland County, North Carolina
Prepared for the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program
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PROGRAM
Design Report Prepared by Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
Kayne Van Stell
Project Manager
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8400 Regency Parkway
Suite 200
Cary, North Carolina 27518
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Kevin Tweedy, PE
Project Engineer
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Baker Engineering proposes to restore 7,057 linear feet (LF) of stream and 96.0 acres (AC) of
riparian and non-riparian wetlands, and enhance 1,935 LF of stream and 3.4 AC of riparian wetlands
along an unnamed tributary (UT) to Jumping Run Creek. The UT to Jumping Run Creek project site
is located in Cumberland County, approximately three miles northeast of Pope Air Force Base within
cataloging unit 03030004, and NC Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 03-06-14 of the
Cape Fear River Basin (Exhibit 1.1). The purpose of the project is to restore wetland functions to
agriculture and cattle fields on the site and to restore stream functions to the impaired stream channel
that flows through it. A recorded conservation easement consisting of 225.3 AC will protect all
stream reaches and riparian buffers in perpetuity. Examination of the available hydrology and soil
data indicate that there is good potential for the restoration of a productive stream and wetland
ecosystem.
The UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project will restore a "Coastal Plain Small Stream
Swamp" system, as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). Due to the productivity and
accessibility of these systems, most have experienced heavy human and cattle disturbance. Wetland
restoration of the farm fields on the site will involve raising the local water table and restoring a
natural flooding regime. The existing stream channel on the site will be restored to a stable condition
and riverine wetland functions will be restored on the adjacent hydric soil areas. Drainage ditches
within the restoration areas will be partially filled to decrease surface and subsurface drainage and
raise the local water table. In addition, scarification of the fields and breaking of the local plow pan
will provide increased surface storage of water and provide favorable conditions for a variety of
native wetland plant species.
Wetland functions on the site have been impaired as a result of agricultural conversion and cattle
grazing. The stream flowing through the site was channelized many years ago to reduce flooding and
provide drainage for adjacent agricultural and cattle fields. Field areas were graded and ditched to
promote rapid surface drainage and spoil from channel/pond excavation was spread on floodplain
areas. As a result, nearly all wetland functions were removed within the field areas. The channelized
stream and drainage ditches flowing through the site no longer function as a Coastal Plain Small
Stream Swamp, as displayed by overall poor in-stream habitat and channel form.
The proposed project areas are shown in Exhibit 7.1 and described briefly in Table 1.0. The primary
design goals of the project are to restore and enhance stream and wetland functions to the impaired
areas within the Cape Fear River Basin described above. To achieve these goals the following
objectives have been identified:
• Restore wetland hydrology to small stream swamp wetlands
• Restore stream stability and improve aquatic habitats
• Restore historic flow paths and flooding processes
• Improve floodplain functionality
• Establish native vegetation within the permanent conservation easement
• Investigate the ecological benefits of installing larger trees in smaller designated areas
throughout the vegetation buffer.
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC.
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
Table 1.0
Project Overview - UT to Jumping Run Creek Site (see Exhibit 7.1)

Restoration of wetland hydrology to drained
Riparian Wetland Restoration 78.7 AC -10+00 thru areas of hydric soil. Drainage ditches will be
- field areas along UTla and 82+39 filled, microtopography reintroduced, planting
UTlb of native wetland vegetation, and overbank
flooding regimes restored.
Existing jurisdictional wetlands within the farm
Riparian Wetland 3.4 AC -16+00 thru fields will be enhanced by raising the local water
Enhancement - along UTla 60+00 table, restoring an overbank flooding regime,
and UTlb (existing and planting of native wetland vegetation.
jurisdictional wetland
pockets)
Existing drained hydric soil areas within the
Non-Riparian Wetland 17.3 AC -24+00 thru farm fields will be restored by raising the local
Restoration 91+00 water table and planting of native wetland
vegetation.
Restoration would consist of filling the
Stream Restoration of 3,657 LF 10+00 thm channelized portions of stream and restoring
Braided Channel (headwater 47+29 valley topography. The system would be
stream) - UTla allowed to form on its own, either as a single or
braided channel headwater stream within the
valley. (DA stream type)
Restoration would follow a Rosgen Priority
Stream Restoration of Single- 3,400 LF 47+29 thm Level I approach. A new meandering channel
Thread Channel (low energy 82+19 Would be constructed across the abandoned
stream) - UTlb floodplain. The old stream channel and drainage
ditches would be filled.
Stream enhancement is proposed for the area of
Stream Enhancement - UTlc 1,935 LF 82+19 thm existing forest on the eastern side of the project.
101+54 Flows from the restoration reaches would be
routed into the existing channel that currently
flows through this wooded area, with minimal
disturbance to the existing vegetation. The
existing channel is relatively stable, and
restoring the historic stream flow would enhance
the functions of the stream reach.
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC.
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
Table of Contents
1.0 Project Site Identification and Location ..............................................................................1-1
1.1 Directions to Project Site ................................................................... ..................................1-1
1.2 Report Overview ............................................................................... ..................................1-1
2.0 Watershed Characterization ............................................................... ..................................2-1
2.1 Drainage Area .................................................................................... ..................................2-1
2.2 Surface Water Classification / Water Quality ................................... ..................................2-1
2.3 Physiography, Geology and Soils ...................................................... ..................................2-1
2.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends ................................. ..................................2-1
2.5 Endangered / Threatened Species ...................................................... ..................................2-2
2.6 Cultural Resources ............................................................................ ..................................2-9
2.7 Potential Constraints .......................................................................... ..................................2-9
3.0 P roject Site Streams (Existing Conditions) ....................................... ..................................3-1
3.1 Channel Classification ....................................................................... ..................................3-1
3.2 Channel Morphology and Stability Assessment ................................ ..................................3-2
3.3 Bankfull Verification ......................................................................... ..................................3-2
3.4 Vegetation ......................................................................................... ..................................3-3
4.0 Reference Streams ............................................................................... ..................................4-1
4.1 Reference Stream Analyses ............................................................... ..................................4-1
5.0 P roject Site Wetlands (Existing Conditions) ..................................... ..................................5-1
5.1 Jurisdictional Wetlands ..................................................................... ..................................5-1
5.2 Hydrological Characterization ........................................................... ..................................5-2
5.3 Soil Characterization ......................................................................... ..................................5-8
5.4 Plant Community Characterization ................................................... ..................................5-9
6.0 Reference Wetland ............................................................................... ..................................6-1
6.1 Hydrological Characterization ........................................................... ..................................6-1
6.2 Soil Characterization ......................................................................... ..................................6-2
6.3 Plant Community Characterization ................................................... ..................................6-2
7.0 P roject Site Restoration Plan .............................................................. ..................................7-1
7.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives ......................................... ..................................7-1
7.2 Sediment Transport ........................................................................... ..................................7-5
7.3 In-stream Structures .......................................................................... ..................................7-5
7.4 Restoration of Wetland Hydrology ................................................... ..................................7-6
7.5 Hydrologic Model Analyses .............................................................. ..................................7-8
7.6 Natural Plant Community Restoration .............................................. ................................7-10
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7.7 On-site Invasive Species Management ..............................................................................7-13
8.0 Performance Criteria ............................................................................................................8-1
8.1 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTIa ..............................................................8-1
8.2 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTIb ..............................................................8-2
8.3 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTIc ..............................................................8-3
8.4 Wetland Hydrologic Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................ 8-4
8.5 Vegetation Monitoring and Evaluation ...............................................................................8-5
8.6 Reporting Requirements ......................................................................................................8-5
8.7 Maintenance Issues ..............................................................................................................8-6
9.0 References ...............................................................................................................................9-1
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List of Exhibits
* All Exh ibits are located at the back of the report, immediately preceding the appendices.
Exhibit 1.1 Project Vicinity Map
Exhibit 2.1 Project Watershed Boundaries
Exhibit 3.1 Site Hydrography Map
Exhibit 3.2 Cross-section Location Map
Exhibit 4.1 Reference Site Location
Exhibit 5.1 Site Stream & Wetland Location Map
Exhibit 5.2 NRCS Site Soils Map
Exhibit 5.3 Site Hydrology & Monitoring Wells Location Map
Exhibit 7.1 Proposed Project Areas
Exhibit 7.2 Proposed Revegetation Planting Zones
List of Figures
Figure 5.1 Hydrographs of the Groundwater Monitoring Wells Compared to Local Rainfall
on the UT to Jumping Run Creek Site (July 2007 through April 2008).
Figure 5.2 Hydrographs of Modeled and Observed Hydrographs for Autowell # 10
Figure 6.1 Water Table Depths Recorded in a Monitoring Well Installed within the
Reference Site.
Figure 7.1 Fifty-Seven Year Model Simulations for the Longest Period of Consecutive Days
Meeting Wetland Criteria for Conditions Encountered at Restoration Site.
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List of Tables
Table 1.0 Restoration Overview
Table 2.1 Watershed Land Uses
Table 2.2 Species under Federal Protection in Cumberland County
Table 2.3 Federal Species of Concern in Cumberland County
Table 3.1 Existing Reach Descriptions and Watershed Size
Table 3.2 NC Rural Coastal Plain Regional Curve Equations
Table 4.1 Reference Parameters Used to Determine Design Ratios
Table 5.1 Water Balance Data for Existing Conditions in the Proposed Riparian Wetland
Restoration Areas
Table 5.2 Water Balance Data for Existing Conditions in the Proposed Non-riparian Wetland
Restoration Areas
Table 5.3 Comparison of Monthly Rainfall Amounts for Project Site and Long-term Averages
Table 5.4 Soil Series Present On-site as Mapped by the NRCS Soil Survey
Table 7.1 Project Design Stream Types
Table 7.2 Natural Channel Design Parameters for UTIb
Table 7.3 Calculated Sediment Transport Data for Design Reach UTIb
Table 7.4 In-stream Structure Types and Locations
Table 7.5 Proposed Revegetation Species
Table 7.6 Proposed Permanent Herbaceous Seed Mixture
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List of Appendices
Appendix 1 Project Site Photographs
Appendix 2 Project Site Summary Data, USACE Routine Wetland Determination Data, Forms,
and Notification of JD, NCDWQ Stream Classification Forms, SCS Soil Survey
Map, Hydric Soils Map and Data Forms
Appendix 3 Reference Site Photographs
Appendix 4 Reference Site Summary Data and USACE Routine Wetland Determination Data
Appendix 5 Hydrologic Gauge Data Summary and DRAINMOD Analysis Files
Appendix 6 Natural & Cultural Resources Correspondence and Recorded Conservation
Easement Deeds
Appendix 7 EDR Transaction Screen Map Report, Categorical Exclusion Checklist, and NCEEP
Floodplain Requirements Checklist & Correspondence
Appendix 8 Stream Restoration: Background Science and Methods
Appendix 9 Wetland Restoration: Background Science and Methods
Appendix 10 Project Site Design Tables and Sediment Transport Analysis
Appendix 11 Design Plan Sheets
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1.0 PROJECT SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION
1.1 Directions to Project Site
The unnamed tributary (UT) to Jumping Run Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration project is
located in Cumberland County in central North Carolina, approximately three miles northeast of Pope
Air Force Base and just south of the Cumberland-Harnett County line. To reach the site, travel south
on US 1 from Raleigh. At the Sanford exit, take US 421 southeast through the city. Turn south on
NC 87 which becomes NC 87/24 south. Turn left heading east on East Manchester Road (SR 1451)
and travel approximately 2 miles. The site is accessible by turning left (north) onto Long Valley
Road (Exhibit 1.1).
North of the UT to Jumping Run Creek is Jumping Run Creek, which flows from northwest to
southeast and eventually connects to the Lower Little River immediately east of NC 210. The UT to
Jumping Run Creek project site is located within cataloging unit 03030004, and NC Division of
Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 03-06-14 of the Cape Fear River Basin (Exhibit 1.1).
1.2 Report Overview
This report has been arranged and formatted to maximize its utility. Readers unfamiliar with stream
and wetland restoration science and Baker Engineering's methodology may wish to review the
background material in Appendices 8 and 9. The following sections cover the site assessment
findings, selection and application of design criteria, and site design. Section 8 summarizes post-
construction monitoring and evaluation procedures.
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2.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION
2.1 Drainage Area
The UT to Jumping Run Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Project is located in Cumberland
County, approximately six miles north of the Fayetteville city limits. The area lies within cataloging
unit 03030004 and NCDWQ sub-basin 03-06-14 of the Cape Fear River Basin (Exhibit 1.1).
The watershed areas for the project reaches were determined by delineating watersheds using 2-foot
contour intervals generated from a LIDAR (Light Distance and Ranging) DEM (Digital Elevation
Model) obtained from the NC Floodplain Mapping Program. The drainage area of the unnamed
tributary at its confluence with Jumping Run Creek is estimated to be approximately 1.2 square miles.
Exhibit 2.1 shows the subwatershed boundaries for the project area.
2.2 Surface Water Classification / Water Quality
NCDWQ designates surface water classifications for water bodies such as streams, rivers, and lakes,
which define the best uses to be protected within these waters (e.g., swimming, fishing, and drinking
water supply). These classifications carry with them an associated set of water quality standards to
protect those uses. All surface waters in North Carolina must at least meet the standards for Class C
(fishable/swimmable) waters. The other primary classifications provide additional levels of
protection for primary water contact recreation (Class B) and drinking water supplies (WS). Class C
waters are protected for secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life propagation and
survival, agriculture and other uses suitable for Class C. Classifications and their associated
protection rules may also be designed to protect the free flowing nature of a stream or other special
characteristics.
The project involves a UT to Jumping Run Creek, which eventually flows into the Lower Little River.
From its source to the Little River, Jumping Run Creek is classified as "C" water, indicating that the
stream and its tributaries are considered to support aquatic life and secondary recreational uses (North
Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources [NCDENR], 2006). Restoration of the
site would reduce the amount of sediment and nutrients being discharged into the system, improving
the overall water quality in Jumping Run Creek and the Lower Little River.
2.3 Physiography, Geology and Soils
The project site is located in northern Cumberland County within the Sandhills province of the upper
Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The project site is located on a terrace of the Lower Little River, and
site investigations indicate that the surficial geology of the project site consists of Quaternary
alluvium deposited by the Lower Little River and an unnamed tributary to Jumping Run Creek. The
subsurface geology in the project vicinity consists of the Cape Fear formation, which is comprised of
sandstone and sandy mudstone (Geologic Map of North Carolina, NC Geological Survey, 1998).
Soils found on site include Entisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols formed from alluvium deposited by the
Lower Little River. Detailed information about the soils present on-site is provided in Section 5.3.
2.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends
The land cover within the project area consists primarily of pasture, row crop agriculture, and forest.
The watershed is mostly rural and largely forested with land uses that include historic cattle pastures,
forested areas, and agricultural fields. A residential development is located northwest of the project
boundary; however, no significant urbanization is expected in the near future.
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East Manchester Road (SR1451), a paved roadway, is located south of the project site. Unpaved farm
roads cross the UT to Jumping Run Creek and culverts were previously installed at these crossings.
Based on correspondence with the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP), The
Nature Conservancy (TNC), and NCDENR's Division of Parks and Recreation, it is anticipated that
the project will be adjacent to a future state park and the western road will serve as park access and
the eastern road (Long Valley Rd) will provide maintenance access.
Table 2.1
Watershed Land Uses
? M177 ?1?
Agricultural 45
Forest 30
Residential 25
Water < 1
Wetlands < 1
2.5 Endangered / Threatened Species
Some populations of plants and animals are declining because of either natural forces or their inability
to compete with humans for resources. Legal protection for federally listed species with Endangered
(E), Threatened (T), Proposed Endangered (PE), and Proposed Threatened (PT) status is conferred by
the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1534). Federally classified species
listed for Cumberland County, and any likely impacts to these species as a result of the proposed
project construction, are discussed in the following sections.
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NHP) and US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
lists of rare and protected animal and plant species contain seven federally listed species known to
exist in Cumberland County as of May 2, 2007 (see Table 2.2). A brief description of the
characteristics and habitat requirements of the federally protected species is included in the following
section, along with a conclusion regarding potential project impacts. Federal Species of Concern
(FSC) are listed in Table 2.3. For FSC species, efforts will be made to avoid any listed species during
the project.
Natural Heritage Program biologists Bruce Sorrie and Mike Schafale have recently surveyed The
Nature Conservancy property and found no federally listed species within the NCEEP conservation
easement. Letters were sent to USFWS and NC Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) in May
2007 requesting each agency to comment on the proposed project. The NCWRC had no objection to
the project, and NCEEP has been notified of this correspondence. No comments were received from
the USFWS.
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Table 2.2
Species under Federal Protection in Cumberland County.

Vertebrates
Alligatoridae Alligator American T (S/A) 6-4-1987 T No/No
mississippieniss alligator Effect
Picidae Picoides Red- E 10-13-1970 E No/No
borealis cockaded Effect
woodpecker
Invertebrates
Nymphalidae Neonympha Saint E 4-18-1994 SR No/No
mitchellii Francis' Effect
francisci satyr
Vascular Plants
Lauraceae Lindera Pondberry E 7-31-1986 E Yes/No
melissifolia Effect
Primulaceae Lysimachia Rough-leaf E 6-12-1987 E No/No
asperulifolia loosestrife Effect
Anacardiaceae Rhus Michaux's E 9-28-1989 E-SC Yes/No
michauxii sumac Effect
Scrophulariaceae Schwalbea Chaffseed E 9-29-1992 E No/No
americana Effect
Notes:
E An Endangered species is one whose continued existence a s a viable component of the st ate's flora or
fauna is determined to be in jeopardy.
T Threatened
S/A Threatened due to similar appearance
2.5.1 Federally Protected Species
2.5.1.1 Vertebrates
American Alligator
Alligators are large, lizard-like reptiles with broadly rounded snouts. Adults are 6 to 12
feet long and can reach lengths of 15 feet or more. They are blackish in appearance, but
have pale crossbands on the back and vertical markings on the sides. Alligators inhabit
rivers, swamps, estuaries, lakes, and marshes throughout the southeastern United States,
from North Carolina to Texas.
A Biological Conclusion is not required, since Threatened Due to Similarity of
Appearance [T (S/A)] species are not afforded full protection under the ESA; however,
the project is not expected to have any impact on this species.
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Red-Cockaded Woodpecker
The Red-cockaded woodpecker once occurred from New Jersey to southern Florida and
west to eastern Texas. It occurred inland in Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma,
and Missouri. The Red-cockaded woodpecker is now found only in coastal states of its
historic range and inland in southeastern Oklahoma and southern Arkansas. In North
Carolina moderate populations occur in the Sandhills and southern Coastal Plain. The
few populations found in the Piedmont and northern Coastal Plain are believed to be
relics of former populations.
The Red-cockaded woodpecker is approximately eight inches long with a wingspan of 14
inches. Plumage includes black and white horizontal stripes on its back, with white
cheeks and under parts. Its flanks are streaked black. The cap and stripe on the throat
and side of neck are black, with males having a small red spot on each side of the cap.
Eggs are laid from April through June. Maximum clutch size is seven eggs with an
average of three to five.
Red-cockaded woodpeckers are found in open pine stands that are between 80 and 120
years old. Longleaf pine stands are most commonly utilized. Dense stands are avoided.
A forested stand must contain at least 50 percent pine, lack a thick understory, and be
contiguous with other stands to be appropriate habitat for the Red-cockaded woodpecker.
These birds forage in pine and pine hardwood stands, with preference given to pine trees
that are 10 inches or larger in diameter. The foraging range of the Red-cockaded
woodpecker is up to 500 acres. The acreage must be contiguous with suitable nesting
sites. While other woodpeckers bore out cavities in dead trees where the wood is rotten
and soft, the Red-cockaded woodpecker is the only one that excavates cavities
exclusively in living pine trees. The older pines favored by the red-cockaded
woodpecker often suffer from a fungus called red heart disease which attacks the center
of the trunk, causing the inner wood to become soft. Cavities generally take one to three
years to excavate. The Red-cockaded woodpecker feeds mainly on beetles, ants, roaches,
caterpillars, wood-boring insects and spiders, and occasionally fruits and berries.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
There is a documented Red-cockaded woodpecker site approximately one mile north of
the project site, and Red-cockaded woodpecker nesting and foraging habitat is present on
the Long Valley Farm property north of Parcel Area `A' of the NCEEP conservation
easement. However, no suitable foraging or nesting habitat was identified within the
conservation easement boundaries during field surveys. Although there are Red-
cockaded woodpeckers in the vicinity of the project area, the project will not impact
woodpecker nesting or foraging sites. Therefore, the biological conclusion for Red-
cockaded woodpecker is no effect.
2.5.1.2 Invertebrates
Saint Francis' Satyr
The Saint Francis' satyr is a small, dark brown butterfly with conspicuous eyespots on
the lower wing surface of the fore and hind legs. The eyespots are round to oval shaped
with a dark maroon brown center and a straw yellow border. These spots are accentuated
with two bright orange bands along the posterior wings and by two darker brown bands
along the central portion of each wing.
The Saint Francis' satyr is known to inhabit wide, wet meadows dominated by sedges
and other wetland graminoids. These wetlands are often relicts of beaver activity and are
boggy areas that are acidic and ephemeral. Succession of these sites often leads to either
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a pocosin or swamp dominated forest. The larval host of the Saint Francis' satyr is
thought to feed on grasses, sedges and rushes.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
A search of the NHP database, conducted on May 17, 2007, found no occurrence of the
St. Francis' Satyr within 1.0 mile of the project area. The species has not been found in
the 1:24,000 USGS quadrangle that contains the project site. However, populations of St.
Francis' satyr are known in the Overhills quadrangle, which is immediately east of the
project site, as well as in the nearby Clifdale quadrangle, which is to the south of
Overhills. Saint Francis' Satyr was not observed within the NCEEP conservation
easement during field surveys, and suitable habitat for Saint Francis' Satyr is not present
on site. Therefore, the biological conclusion for Saint Francis' Satyr is no effect.
2.5.1.3 Vascular Plants
Pondberry
Pondberry, also known as southern spicebush, is an aromatic, deciduous shrub with erect
stems and shoots, growing as high as 6.5 feet. It spreads vegetatively by above ground
shoots (stolons). Young stems and leaves are hairy. Leaves are alternate, drooping, and
oblong, with hairy edges, a pointed tip and rounded base, 2 to 4 inches long and 0.6 to 1.4
inches wide. Pondberry is characterized by the sassafras-like odor of its crushed leaves
and tendency to form thickets of clonal, unbranched stems. Small, pale, and clustered
flowers appear from February through April before leaf and shoot growth begins in late
April. Fruiting occurs from August to September. The fruit matures in late autumn and
is fleshy, oval, bright red, and about 0.25 to 0.5 inches in diameter.
Pondberry prefers habitat associated with bottomland hardwood forests in inland areas,
poorly drained swampy depressions, and edges of limestone sinks and ponds closer to the
coast. It occurs at the edges of swamps and ponds and depressions in forest of longleaf
pine and pond pine forests. It is typically found in somewhat shaded areas, but can also
grow in full sun.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Although suitable habitat is present for Pondberry on-site, the species was not observed
within the NCEEP conservation easement during field surveys. Therefore, the biological
conclusion for the construction of the proposed project is No Effect for the Pondberry.
Rough-leaved loosestrife
The slender stems of this perennial herb grow from a rhizome and reach heights of 1 to 2
feet. Whorls of 3 to 4 leaves encircle the stem at intervals beneath the showy yellow
flowers. Flowering occurs from mid-May through June, with fruits present from July
through October.
Rough-leaved loosestrife is a species endemic to the Coastal Plain and Sandhills of North
Carolina and South Carolina. It is currently known from 35 populations in North
Carolina and one in South Carolina. North Carolina's extant populations are in the
following counties: Brunswick (8 populations); Pender (1 population); Bladen (1
population); Carteret (8 populations); Scotland (3 populations); Cumberland (5
populations); Onslow (3 populations); Hoke (5 populations); and Pamlico (1 population).
Historically, Rough-leaved loosestrife was known from 15 other sites in Brunswick,
Pender, Cumberland, Onslow, Beaufort, Columbus, Pamlico, and Richmond Counties,
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North Carolina, and Darlington County, South Carolina. Most of the populations are
small, both in area covered and in number of stems.
This species generally occurs in the ecotones or edges between longleaf pine uplands and
pond pine pocosins, on moist to seasonally saturated sands, and on shallow organic soils
overlaying sand. Rough-leaved loosestrife has also been found on deep peat in the low
shrub community of large Carolina bays. The grass-shrub ecotone, where rough-leaved
loosestrife is found, is fire-maintained, as are the adjacent plant communities (longleaf
pine-scrub oak, savanna, flatwoods, and pocosin). Suppression of naturally occurring fire
in these ecotones results in shrubs increasing in density and height and expanding to
eliminate the open edges required by this plant. Fire suppression, drainage, and, to a
lesser extent, residential and industrial development have altered and eliminated habitat
for this species and continue to be the most significant threats to the species' continued
existence.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Although rough-leaved loosestrife is present south of East Manchester Road (SR 1451), it
was not observed within the NCEEP conservation easement during field surveys, and
suitable habitat for rough-leaved loosestrife is not present within the conservation
easement. Therefore, it can be concluded that the project will have no effect on this
species.
Michaux's Sumac
Michaux's sumac is a densely pubescent rhizomatus shrub that grows 0.7 to 3.3 feet in
height. The narrowly winged or wingless rachis supports nine to thirteen sessile, oblong-
lanceolate leaflets that are 1.6 to 3.6 inches long, 0.8 to 2 inches wide, acute, and
acuminate. The bases of the leaves are rounded and their edges are simple or doubly
serrate. Plants flower in June, producing a terminal, erect, dense cluster of four to five
greenish-yellow to white flowers. The plant also produces fruit, a red drupe, through the
months of August to October.
This plant occurs in rocky or sandy open woods and roadsides. It is dependent on
disturbance (mowing, clearing, fire) to maintain the openness of its habitat. It grows in
open habitat where it can get full sunlight and is often found with other members of its
genus as well as with poison ivy. Michaux's sumac is endemic to the inner Coastal Plain
and Piedmont physiographic provinces of North Carolina.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
Although suitable habitat for Michaux's sumac is present on site, the species was not
observed within the NCEEP conservation easement during field surveys. Therefore, the
Biological Conclusion for the construction of the proposed project is No Effect.
American chaffseed
American chaffseed is an erect perennial herb with unbranched stems (or stems branched
only at the base) with large, purplish-yellow, tubular flowers that are borne singly on
short stalks in the axils of the uppermost, reduced leaves. The leaves are alternate, lance-
shaped to elliptic, stalkless, 1 to 2 inches long, and entire. The entire plant is densely, but
minutely hairy throughout, including the flowers. Flowering occurs from April to June in
the south, and from June to mid-July in the north. Chaffseed fruits are long, narrow
capsules enclosed in a sac-like structure that provides the basis for the common name.
Fruits mature from early summer in the south to October in the north. Schwalbea is a
hemiparasite (partially dependent upon another plant as host). Like most of the
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hemiparasitic Scrophulariaceae, it is not host-specific, so its rarity is not due to its
preference for a specialized host. Although another species (S. austrahs) was once
recognized, the genus Schwalbea is now considered to be monotypic.
Currently, 51 populations are known, including 1 in New Jersey, 1 in North Carolina, 43
in South Carolina, 4 in Georgia, and 2 in Florida. Chaffseed was never considered to be
common, but populations have declined and the range has seriously contracted in recent
decades. Many historic populations have been confirmed extirpated due to habitat
destruction, primarily due to development. Others have been lost in the absence of
habitat destruction, probably as a result of fire exclusion.
American chaffseed occurs in sandy (sandy peat, sandy loam), acidic, seasonally moist to
dry soils. It is generally found in open, moist pine flatwoods, fire-maintained savannas,
ecotonal areas between peaty wetlands and xeric sandy soils, and other open grass-sedge
systems. Chaffseed is dependent on factors such as fire, mowing, or fluctuating water
tables to maintain the crucial open to partly open conditions that it requires. Historically,
the species existed on savannas and pinelands throughout the coastal plain and on
sandstone knobs and plains inland where frequent, naturally occurring fires maintained
these sub-climax communities. Under these conditions, herbaceous plants such as
Schwalbea were favored over trees and shrubs. Most of the surviving populations, and
all of the most vigorous populations, are in areas that are still subject to frequent fire.
These fire-maintained habitats include plantations where prescribed fire is part of a
management regime for quail and other game species, army base impact zones that burn
regularly because of artillery shelling, forest management areas that are burned to
maintain habitat for wildlife, including the endangered Red-cockaded woodpecker, and
various other private lands that are burned to maintain open fields. Fire may be important
to the species in ways that are not yet understood, such as for germination of seed, or in
the formation of the connection to the host plant.
Biological Conclusion: No Effect
American Chaffseed was not observed within the NCEEP conservation easement during
field surveys. Furthermore, suitable habitat for American Chaffseed, including moist
pine flatwoods, fire-maintained savannas, or ecotonal areas between peaty wetlands and
xeric sandy soils, is not present within the project area. A search of the NHP database,
conducted on May 17, 2007, found no occurrence of American chaffseed within 1.0 mile
of the project area. It can be concluded that the project will not impact this species.
2.5.2 Federal Species of Concern and State Status
FSC are not legally protected under the Endangered Species Act and are not subject to any of
its provisions, including Section 7, until they are formally proposed or listed as Threatened or
Endangered. Table 2.3 includes FSC species listed for Cumberland County and their state
classifications. Organisms that are listed as Endangered (E), Threatened (T), or Special
Concern (SC) on the NHP list of Rare Plant and Animal Species are afforded state protection
under the State Endangered Species Act and the North Carolina Plant Protection and
Conservation Act of 1979. However, the level of protection given to state-listed species does
not apply to NCDENR-NCEEP activities.
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Table 2.3
Federal Species of Concern in Cumberland County

Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow FSC SC

Dendroica vixens waynei Black-throated green
warbler - Coastal Plain
Population
FSC
SR
Heterodon simus Southern hognose snake FSC SC
Noturus SP. I Broadtail madtom FSC SC
Pituophis melanoleucus
melanoleucus Northern pine snake FSC SC
Semotilus lumbee Sandhills chub FSC SC
Lampsilis cariosa Yellow lampmussel FSC E
Campylopus carolinae Savanna Campylopus FSC SR-T
Amorpha georgiana var.
georgiana Georgia indigo-bush FSC E
Astragalus michauxii Sandhills milk-vetch FSC T
Chelone cuthbertii Cuthbert's turtlehead FSC SR-L
Danthonia epilis Bog oatgrass FSC SR-T
Dionaea muscipula Venus flytrap FSC SR-L, SC
Lilium pyrophilum Sandhills lily FSC E-SC
Lindera subcoriacea Bog spicebush FSC T
Litsea aestivalis Pondspice FSC SR-T
Lobelia boykinii Boykin's lobelia FSC T
Myriophyllum laxum Loose water-milfoil FSC T
Parnassia carohniana Carolina grass-of-parnassus FSC E
Pteroglossaspis ecristata Spiked medusa FSC E
Pyxidanthera barbulata var.
brevifolia Sandhills pyxie-moss FSC E
Rhexia aristosa Awned meadow-beauty FSC T
Solidago verna Spring-flowering goldenrod FSC T
Stylisma pickeringii var.
pickeringii Pickering's dawnflower FSC E
Thalictrum macrostylum Small-leaved meadowme FSC SR-L
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Table 2.3
Federal Species of Concern in Cumberland County

Xyris scabrifolia Harper's yellow-eyed-grass FSC SR-T
2.6 Cultural Resources
Baker Engineering sent a letter on May 2, 2007 requesting that the North Carolina State Historic
Preservation Office (HPO) review and comment for the potential of cultural resources in the vicinity
of the UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project. On May 15, 2007, HPO sent a response which
noted that the project area was included in the Long Valley Historic District. Per HPO request, an
effects meeting was held on July 27, 2007 to determine if the project site had any adverse effects to
the Long Valley Historic District. Based on HPO's review and conclusion of the proposed project,
they are not aware of any historic resources that would be adversely affected by the restoration
project. All correspondence on the Cultural Resources associated with this project are included in
Appendix 6.
2.7 Potential Constraints
Baker Engineering assessed the UT to Jumping Run Creek project site in regards to potential fatal
flaws and site constraints. The project is located in a predominantly rural watershed, with no plans
for significant land use changes in the foreseeable future. Two existing culvert crossings were
considered during the design of the stream alignment for UTla and UTlb. Both road crossings must
be maintained for farm operations and future park access and the 60-foot right-of-ways (ROWS) are
not included in the overall project boundaries. An existing powerline has a 30-foot public utility
easement maintained by Progress Energy that runs between parcel areas `B' and `C' on the recorded
conservation easement plat. No vegetation planting will occur outside of the conservation easement
boundary and planting signage shall be posted on-site to help avoid any disturbances to the
establishment of buffer vegetation. No other foreseen constraints or fatal flaws associated with
structure and/or infrastructure encroachments have been identified during project design
development.
2.7.1 Property Ownership and Boundary
The conservation easement plat and documents have been reviewed and approved by the State
Property Office. At the publication of this report, the required signatures have been obtained
from the landowner (TNC) and the easement documents were recorded at the Cumberland
County Register of Deeds on April 30, 2007. Copies of the recorded conservation easement
deeds are located in Appendix 6.
2.7.2 Site Access
The site is located just north of East Manchester Road (SR 1451) along the North Carolina
Department of Transportation (NCDOT) 60-foot ROW and may be accessed by Long Valley
Road connected to SR 1451 for construction and post-restoration monitoring.
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2.7.3 Utilities
The site has a 30-foot power line easement that runs between parcel areas `B' and `C' as shown
on the recorded conservation easement plat. The utility easement is owned and maintained by
Progress Energy but will not impact the design/construction and will be undisturbed.
2.7.4 FEMA / Hydrologic Trespass
The lower end of the UT to Jumping Run Creek site is currently located within a Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-identified flood zone (FIRM 3720051300L Zone A)
No specific base flood elevations have been determined for Zone A areas and it appears that
this area is mapped due to backwater conditions from Jumping Run Creek. Baker sent a letter
to the Cumberland County floodplain manager summarizing the project and based on additional
correspondence the UT to Jumping Run Creek is not in a special flood hazard area nor is it
considered a small stream by definition in the Cumberland County Flood Damage Prevention
Ordinance. Thusly, the proposed project is not regulated by the floodplain development
ordinance and no permits will be required through the Cumberland County Engineering
Department. A copy of the correspondence letter and NCEEP Floodplain Requirements
Checklist is included in Appendix 7.
2.7.5 Endangered / Threatened Species
Rare, threatened, and endangered species occurrences were examined as part of the existing
conditions survey (Section 2.5). T & E surveys were recently conducted by Natural Heritage
Biologists Bruce Sorrie and Mike Schafale and they concluded that no rare, threatened, or
endangered species will be affected by this restoration project.
2.7.6 Cultural Resources
Based on a review of the site by HPO as described in Section 2.6, no historic resources are
anticipated to be impacted by the proposed project.
2.7.7 Farm Operations
The UT to Jumping Run Creek parcels are actively used for agricultural and cattle grazing
purposes. Therefore, the project must not interfere with the operational needs of the farm
outside the conservation easement. However, it is anticipated through correspondence with
TNC, NCDENR Division of Parks & Recreation, and NCEEP that the immediate areas
surrounding the project site will be transferred to NCDENR's Division of Parks and Recreation
around December 2008. It is anticipated the final project design will not require stream
crossings for cattle access since they are to be removed, but field access will be dependent on
the landowner status at the time of construction.
2.7.8 Soils
Soils have been investigated and no constraints or fatal flaws were identified (See Section 5.3).
2.7.9 Potentially Hazardous Environmental Sites
Baker Engineering obtained an EDR Transaction Screen Map Report, dated May 1, 2007, that
identifies and maps real or potential hazardous environmental sites within the distance required
by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Transaction Screen Process (E
1528). The overall environmental risk for this site was determined to be low. Environmental
sites, including Superfund (National Priorities List [NPL]); hazardous waste treatment, storage,
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or disposal facilities; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act Information System (CERCLIS); suspect state hazardous waste, solid waste, or
landfill facilities; or leaking underground storage tanks were not identified by the report in the
proposed project area. During field data collection, there was no evidence of these sites in the
proposed project vicinity. The EDR Report and Environmental Risk Review were submitted
with the ERTR to NCEEP on June 12, 2007. Copies of the EDR and Categorical Exclusion
Checklist are included in Appendix 7.
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3.0 PROJECT SITE STREAMS (EXISTING CONDITIONS)
3.1 Channel Classification
For analysis purposes, Baker Engineering labeled the existing unnamed tributaries UTa, UTb and UT2
respectively. The existing UT reach locations are shown on Exhibit 3.1. The main channel (UTa) begins
at the westernmost project boundary and flows northeast towards Long Valley Road where it has been
rerouted through a culvert crossing and disconnected from its historical flow path towards the confluence
with Jumping Run Creek. UTb is a drainage ditch that begins near the powerline easement and heads east
for approximately 950 linear feet (LF) where it turns north and parallels Long Valley Road until it
connects with UTa near the culvert crossing. UT2 is another drainage ditch that begins west of Long
Valley Road, approximately 200 feet upstream of the confluence between UTa and UTb. Based on field
verification with the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) of intermittent or perennial status, UTa and
its associated drainage ditches were determined to be perennial streams (based on a minimum score of 30
for perennial streams and/or the presence of biological indicators) using the NCDENR and NCDWQ
Determination of the Origin of Perennial Streams stream assessment protocols and guidelines (see stream
forms in Appendix 2 and Exhibit 3.1). The total current length of the existing stream (UTa) and its
associated ditches (UTb and UT2) on the project site is 11,432 LF, which is based on the field survey
conducted by Baker Engineering. The main channel (UTa) will be designated UT to Jumping Run Creek
for the purposes of this report.
UT to Jumping Run Creek is a small, perennial stream with a total drainage area of approximately 1.2
square miles at its confluence with Jumping Run Creek (Exhibit 2.1). Historically, the site has been used
for agricultural production and cattle grazing. Cleared areas throughout the project boundaries are
currently used for seasonally rotated crop production and cattle grazing. The riparian vegetation in this
area is predominantly herbaceous plants that area regularly maintained by mowing and crop production.
Additionally, cattle grazing and wallowing have limited any efforts for native woody vegetation to
establish along the trampled stream banks, which has resulted in bank degradation and an inadequate
riparian buffer throughout the majority of stream channels. The downstream portion of the site is wooded
with a mature bottomland hardwood swamp forest that has some evidence of past channel disturbance.
UT to Jumping Run Creek has been straightened/channelized and dredged in the past. Currently, the
tributary is difficult to classify using the Rosgen stream classification (Rosgen, 1996). The past
manipulation has redirected the existing stream alignment under both the western dirt road and Long
Valley Road and has created a channel that is overly wide and overly deep for the given drainage area.
There is little channel slope (0.0006 ft/ft) within the stream sections upstream of the Long Valley Road
culvert crossing. Essentially the channel is functioning as a long, linear pond, holding backwater
throughout this portion of the reach. This condition has been exacerbated by beaver activity which has
created numerous dams throughout various channel sections.
Within the existing field and forested areas at the upstream and downstream end of the project, the UT
most likely existed prior to conversion as a multi-channel (DA) system, or a transition system between a
single thread and multi-thread system. This is evidenced by the presence of historic channels and soil
features in the area and described further in Sections 4.1 and 7.1. The slope steepens slightly (0.003 ft/ft)
within the disconnected downstream section east of Long Valley Road before it connects to the
confluence with Jumping Run Creek downstream and exhibits a more free flowing system within the
forested area.
The NC Coastal Regional Curve (See Table 3.2) estimates a bankfull cross-sectional area of
approximately 11 square feet for a 1.2 square mile watershed. However, the existing channel has cross-
sectional areas at the top-of-banks that range from 20 square feet to 100 square feet. Since Rosgen's
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stream classification system (Rosgen, 1996) depends on the proper identification of bankfull, the stream
classification is difficult under these conditions, but the UT to Jumping Run Creek was assessed as a
channelized F5 stream type channel due to low bank heights relative to base-flow conditions.
Additionally, feature formation throughout the channelized reach is poor with very little habitat diversity
or woody debris. Bed features are far below baseflow water levels due to backwater effects. The stream
is not protected by adequate riparian vegetation with the exception of the forested areas at the downstream
end of the project reach. The ditch banks within the field areas are routinely maintained by mowing and
cattle grazing.
The modified Wolman pebble count (Rosgen, 1994) is not appropriate for sand-bed streams; therefore, a
bulk sampling procedure was used to characterize the bed material. The majority of the reach had an
organic muck stream bottom due to the backwater conditions in the channel. Bed material samples were
collected. The samples collected were taken back to a lab and dry sieved to obtain a sediment size
distribution. The sieve data show that the UT to Jumping Run Creek has a D50 of 0.40-mm indicating that
the dominant bed material in the stream channel is medium sand, silt, and muck under current conditions.
The stream displays no measurable meander geometry due to its channelized condition. These conditions
generally lead to lateral instability over time; however, a low-flow regime, backwater conditions, and
herbaceous vegetation on the banks have served to maintain some stability along the reach.
3.2 Channel Morphology and Stability Assessment
Baker Engineering performed general topographic and planimetric surveying of the project site and
produced a contour map based on survey data in order to create plan set base mapping. Cross-section
surveys were also performed to assess the current condition and overall stability of the stream channel and
ditches. Cross-section locations are shown on Exhibit 3.2. The following report subsections summarize
the survey results for the existing reaches. The watershed size was calculated at the terminus of the
project and summarized in Table 3.1. Appendix 2 contains summaries of existing condition parameters,
cross-section survey results, and bed material distribution graphs for the site.
Table 3.1
Existing Reach Description and Watershed Size
1 1
i
UTa and UTa.1 9,026 1.2 A_2 (upstream) = 33
(main UT channel) A_1 (downstream) = 41
UTb (drainage ditch) 1,859 1.0 B_1 = 35.5
UT2 (drainage ditch) 547 1.0 22 = 26
3.3 Bankfull Verification
An accurate identification of bankfull stage could not be made throughout the UT to Jumping Run Creek
project area due to backwater and channelized conditions. Some indicators were apparent, but the
reliability of the indicators was questionable due to the altered condition of the stream channels. For this
reason, bankfull stage was identified through the use of regional curve information. Regional curve
equations developed from the North Carolina Rural Coastal Plain study are provided by Sweet and Geratz
(2003) and Doll (2003) and are shown in Table 3.2. Due to man-made alterations and beaver activity,
normal channel forming processes do not to occur at the site.
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Table 3.2
NC Rural Coastal Plain Regional Curve Equations

Qbkf = 8.79 AW 0.76 R2 =0.92
Abkf = 9.43 AW 0.74 R2 =0.96
Wbkf = 9.64 AW 0.38 R2 =0.95
Dbkf = 0.98 AW 0.36 R2 =0.92
Qbkf 16.56 Aw 0.72 R2= 0.90
Abkf = 14.52 AW 0.66 R2 =0.88
Wbkf = 10.97 AW 0.36 R2 =0.87
Dbkf = 1.29 AW 0.30 R2 =0.74
3.4 Vegetation
The habitat within and adjacent to the proposed project area consists of pasture, fallow agricultural fields,
disturbed pine forest, and Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp (Blackwater subtype), as described by
Schafale and Weakley (1990). The riparian areas ranged from relatively disturbed to very disturbed.
Photographs of the project area are included in Appendix 1, and a general description of each community
follows.
3.4.1 Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp - Blackwater Subtype
These forested areas cover approximately three percent of the project area and are near the
confluence of the UT with Jumping Run Creek. The canopy in this community is dominated by
Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and Swamp blackgum (Nyssa biflora), and the understory is
comprised of Red maple (Acer rubrum), American holly (Ilex opaca), and Sweetbay (Magnolia
virginiana). Shrub species include Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) and Giant cane
(Arundinaria gigantea). Herb species include but are not limited to Chain fern (Woodwardia
areolata) and Smartweeds (Polygonum spp.).
3.4.2 Agricultural Fields and Pasture Areas
This community is the most dominant and covers approximately 75 percent of the project area. In
the recent past, pasture areas have been used for grazing and hay production, and fallow agricultural
fields have been used for corn production. Vegetation within open fields and pasture areas is
primarily comprised of Fescues (Festuca spp.) and Dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium). In
wooded riparian areas within the pastures and fields, the canopy is dominated by Loblolly pine
(Pinus taeda), and understory species consist of Red maple (Acer rubrum), Sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), and Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana). Woody shrub and vine species
include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina), Tag alder (Alnus
serrulata), Greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), and Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia). Herbaceous
species consist of Dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium), Soft rush (Juncus effusus), and Sedges
(Carex spp.).
3.4.3 Disturbed Pine Forest
These forested areas comprise approximately 20 percent of the project area. Ditches, spoil piles,
ruts, and other evidence of land disturbance suggest these forested areas were once used for
agriculture or pasture. The canopy is dominated by Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) but also includes
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Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and Water oak
(Quercus nigra). Woody shrub and vine species include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Giant
cane (Arundinaria gigantea), Greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), Blackberry (Rubus sp.), and
Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia). Herbaceous species include Netted chainfern (Woodwardia
areolata) and Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea).
3.4.4 Invasive Species
The primary invasive species present on the project site are Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) and
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) which were found interspersed primarily throughout the
minimal riparian buffer areas along the streambanks.
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4.0 REFERENCE STREAMS
4.1 Reference Stream Analyses
An extensive search was conducted of the area surrounding the project site in an attempt to locate a
reference stream system within a similar valley type. Many valleys were identified with similar
drainage areas, soils, and topography; however, all that were investigated had been drained and any
stream and/or wetland features that may have been present had been channelized or modified.
Since no appropriate reference site was identified near the project site, reference data from other
Coastal Plain stream systems were evaluated to help in the development of design criteria. First,
valley topography and valley slope were evaluated on the project site. The western portion of the site
exhibits a flatter overall topography than the eastern portion of the site (approximately 0.0011 ft/ft for
the western portion, compared to approximately 0.0013 to 0.0041 ft/ft for the eastern portion of the
valley). The eastern portion of the valley is also more defined with greater topography difference
between the valley bottom and the ridges. The increased valley incision and slope from west to east
would be expected along a small tributary system that drains to a large creek, as is the case for the
project site.
On-going research conducted by Baker in the Croatan National Forest has been aimed at determining
the point at which small Coastal Plain tributaries develop defined stream channels. Data collected
thus far indicate that for small tributary drainages, single channels are often found when drainage
areas approach one square mile and slope is 0.001 ft/ft or greater. For smaller drainages and
decreased slopes, braided systems that function more like headwater wetlands are more common.
While these data are preliminary, they provide a basis for evaluating the valley topography of the
project site and determining the stream systems that may have been present historically.
For the western half of the project site, where valley slope is lowest, a braided channel design is
proposed, as described more fully in Section 7.1. For these systems, channel formation is poor, and
flows are often conveyed through multiple small channels across a relatively well defined floodplain.
Microtopography in these systems is quite variable, as a result of tree roots, tip mounds, and debris
jams. Debris appears to be a critical component in maintaining the braided characteristics of flow, as
stream energy is not sufficient to provide scour and movement of large debris.
As valley slope increases along with the drainage area on the eastern portion of the site, a single
thread stream design is proposed. Design parameters here are based on reference reach data collected
from a number of small Coastal Plain stream systems (see Table 4. 1), and past project experience
from completed designs. Collectively, the data provide valuable information regarding the range of
conditions documented for similar headwater stream systems. Shear stress and stream power
relationships developed for these reference sites are used in the sediment transport analysis shown in
Appendix 8, Section 6, Figures 1 and 2.
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Table 4.1
Reference Parameters Used to Determine Design Ratios
u i 1.
F;
Drainage Area, DA (sq mi) 1.0 19.5
Stream Type (Rosgen) E5 / C5
Bankfull Discharge, Qbkf (cfs) 10.0 127.1
Bankfull Riffle XSEC Area, Abkf (sq ft) 7.8 95.9
Bankfull Mean Velocity, Vbkf (ft/s) 1.0 1.4
Width to Depth Ratio, W/D (ft/ft) 8 14
Entrenchment Ratio, Wfpa/Wbkf (ft/ft) 4 13
Riffle Max Depth Ratio, Dmax/Dbkf 1.2 2.0
Bank Height Ratio, Dtob/Dmax (ft/ft) 1.0 1.3
Meander Length Ratio, Lm/Wbkf 4 17
Re Ratio, Rc/Wbkf 1.5 3.0
Meander Width Ratio, Wblt/Wbkf 2.0 6.3
Sinuosity, K 1.22 1.77
Valley Slope, Sval (ft/ft) 0.0007 0.0029
Channel Slope, Schan (ft/ft) 0.0004 0.0022
Pool Max Depth Ratio, Dmaxpool/Dbkf 1.8 2.0
Pool Width Ratio, Wpool/Wbkf 0.8 1.4
Pool-Pool Spacing Ratio, Lps/Wbkf 100
d16 (mm) 0.3
d35 (mm) 0.4
d50 (mm) 0.5
d84 (mm) 0.9
d95 (mm) 1.2
*Notes:
Composite reference reach information from Johannah Creek, Johnston County;
Panther Branch, Brunswick County; Rocky Swamp, Halifax County; and Beaver
Dam Branch, Jones County.
4.1.1 Reference Stream Vegetation
This relatively undisturbed vegetation community is located on-site within the downstream project
area (easement area `D') and is best described as a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp (Blackwater
subtype) (Schafale and Weakley, 1990). Canopy species include Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum),
Swamp tupelo (Nyssa bifora), Sweetgum (Liquidambar styracifua), Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),
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American holly (Ilex opaca), Tulip poplar (Driodendron tulipifera), Red maple (Acer rubrum),
Willow oak (Quercus phellos), Water oak (Quercus nigra), and Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica). Woody
and vine species consist of Giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), Grape (Vitis sp.), and Greenbriar
(Smilax sp.). Herbaceous species include cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea).
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5.0 PROJECT SITE WETLANDS (EXISTING CONDITIONS)
5.1 Jurisdictional Wetlands
The proposed project area was reviewed for the presence of wetlands and waters of the United States
in accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 11990, the Clean Water Act, and subsequent
federal regulations. Wetlands have been defined by the USACE as "those areas that are inundated or
saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas" (33 CFR
328.3(b) and 40 CFR 230.3 (t)). The areas in the project boundaries that displayed one or more
wetland characteristics were reviewed to determine the presence of wetlands. The wetland
characteristics included:
1. Prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation.
2. Permanent or periodic inundation or saturation.
3. Hydric soils.
On June 5, 2007, the USACE and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued joint
guidance for their field offices for Clean Water Act jurisdictional determinations in response to the
Supreme Court's decision in the consolidated cases of Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v.
United States (USEPA and USACE, 2007). Based on this guidance, the agencies will assert
jurisdiction over the following waters:
• Traditional navigable waters (TNWs)
• Wetlands adjacent to TNWs
• Non-navigable tributaries of TNWs that are considered relatively permanent waters (RPWs).
Such tributaries flow year-round or exhibit continuous flow for at least 3 months.
• Wetlands that directly abut RPWs.
The agencies will decide jurisdiction over the following waters based on a standardized analysis to
determine whether they have a significant nexus with a traditional navigable water:
• Non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent waters (non-RPWs)
• Wetlands adjacent to non-RPWs
• Wetlands that are adjacent to but do not directly abut an RPW.
The significant nexus analysis is fact-specific and assesses the flow characteristics of a tributary and
the functions performed by all its adjacent wetlands to determine if they significantly affect the
physical, chemical, and biological integrity of downstream TNWs. A significant nexus exists when a
tributary, in combination with its adjacent wetlands, has more than a speculative or insubstantial
effect on the physical, chemical, or biological integrity of a TNW.
The USACE and USEPA will apply the significant nexus standard within the limits of jurisdiction
specified by the Supreme Court decision in the case of Solid Waste Agency of Northern Cook County
(SWANCC) v. US Army Corps of Engineers. Under the SWANCC decision, the USACE and
USEPA cannot regulate isolated wetlands and waters that lack links to interstate commerce sufficient
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 5-1
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to serve as a basis for jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act. Though isolated wetlands and waters
are not regulated by the USACE, within the state of North Carolina isolated wetlands and waters are
considered "waters of the state" and are regulated by the NCDWQ under the isolated wetlands rules
(15A NCAC 2H. 13 00).
5.1.1 Wetland Impacts
Under existing conditions, the fields proposed for wetland restoration are drained by a network
of ditches that allow these areas to be used for agricultural production and pasture. The
majority of wetland areas once present on-site were drained and manipulated to promote these
land uses. At present, former wetland areas contain hydric soils but lack wetland hydrology
and hydrophytic vegetation. Over 11,000 LF of streams and ditched were channelized within
the project area to improve surface and subsurface drainage and to decrease flooding.
Temporary wetland impacts associated with the restoration activities are considered minimal
and required for overall restoration success. These areas total 3.4 acres (AC) and are shown on
Exhibit 5.1.
5.1.2 Jurisdictional Wetland Findings
Baker personnel delineated jurisdictional wetlands and waters on-site based on the USACE
1987 Wetland Delineation Manual (USACE, 1987) and indicators of ordinary highwater mark
(OHWM) specified in USACE Regulatory Guidance Letter No. 05-05. Jurisdictional wetlands
and waters were flagged in the field and located using a combination of MagellanTM Mobile
Mapper Pro GPS hardware, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) methodology, and conventional
survey techniques. On February 4, 2008, Mr. Ronnie Smith of the USACE issued a
jurisdictional determination (JD) for the project site (USACE Action ID SAW-2007-03276).
Jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act is limited to UT to Jumping Run Creek
and the wetlands and additional tributaries depicted on Exhibit 5.1 that total approximately 3.4
AC of wetland and 8,925 LF of stream. See Appendix 2 and Exhibit 5.1 for JD notification and
delineation boundaries.
5.2 Hydrological Characterization
5.2.1 Site Hydrology
The presence of hydric soils over much of the project site is evidence that the site historically
supported a wetland ecosystem. As is the case in much of the Coastal Plain and Sandhills Region,
local drainage patterns have been altered over the last two centuries to increase drainage and promote
agricultural production. During conversion of the site, wetlands were ditched and UT to Jumping
Run Creek was channelized to improve drainage. Exhibit 3.1 illustrates the extent of ditching and
channelization that has been performed on UT to Jumping Run Creek. The existing hydrology of the
site is controlled by this channelized stream and an adjoining ditch network. There is one man-made
pond and 3.4 acres of existing wetlands within the project limits. Under existing conditions,
precipitation that falls on the pasture and fields is rapidly directed to the drainage ditches and
channelized stream.
Ten automated groundwater wells were installed in the project area to evaluate current hydrologic
conditions on-site, as shown in Exhibit 5.3. These wells provide a basis for comparing pre- and post-
restoration hydrology on the site. Water table data were collected from the wells from July 2007
through June 2008 as shown in Figure 5.1. The wells were installed in existing pasture and field
areas targeted for restoration. Wells were installed across a range of elevations and locations to
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evaluate the range of hydrologic conditions on-site. The wells were installed to a depth of 41 inches
below ground surface, and the automated loggers (RDS EcotoneTM WM units) were programmed to
record water table levels every 12 hours.
Most well locations exhibited similar trends in water table depth throughout the monitoring period
that in part reflect seasonal changes in rainfall. Due to severe drought conditions, water table levels
for all wells were lowest during the period from July through October of 2007, and water tables at
most well locations remained deeper than 30 inches during this time. Water table levels spiked in
response to significant rainfall events during this period; however, most monitored locations exhibited
a rapid drop in water table depth once rainfall ended. This provides evidence to the drained condition
of the site that results from the channelized stream and ditch network.
In late October 2007, the water table at the majority of well locations, including the reference wetland
well, rose following a 4.5 inch rainfall event and stabilized at depths shallower than those observed
from July through October 2007. In late December 2007, the water table at all monitored locations
began to rise, and through April 2008 the water table at the majority of well locations remained at a
shallower depth relative to water table levels observed from July through December of 2007. This
trend in local water table depths reflects the combined effect of a seasonal increase in precipitation
and lower evapotranspiration losses during the winter and spring of the monitoring period.
Local water table depths at monitored locations are also influenced by topography, soil properties,
and the local water level in UT to Jumping Run Creek. One of the wetter monitored locations on the
site is Well #1, which is located in the western most field (easement area `A'). The wetter conditions
of this location seem to be the result of the well being located in a slight topographic swale, and it is
likely that this location receives significant seepage from the adjacent hillslope. Wells 46 and # 10 are
also located in topographic lows and exhibit water table levels that appear to correlate with the water
level in the adjacent UT to Jumping Run Creek. During the drought conditions of summer and fall of
2007, wells 46 and # 10 appeared to level out between rainfall events at absolute elevations of 146.5 to
147.5 feet and 148.0 to 148.5 feet, respectively, that correlate with the observed and measured
seasonal water level within UT to Jumping Run Creek adjacent to the well locations. This suggests
that the UT is affecting water table levels at these locations. Water tables at wells 42, 45, and 47 also
appear to be influenced in a similar manner by the water level in UT to Jumping Run Creek and
connected ditches.
The water table at well 44 was considerably deeper than most other wells on site from November
2007 through February 2008. This observation in part reflects the difference in local water surface
elevations in the UT between the well 44 location and well locations immediately upstream.
Backwater effects from a beaver dam, as well as a change in the longitudinal profile of the UT, both
located between existing condition survey stations 56+00 (approximate well 46 location) and 67+00
(approximate well 44 location) (see UT to Jumping Run Creek Longitudinal Profile, Appendix 2),
result in a lower UT water surface elevation relative to well elevation at the well 44 location than at
well locations 45 and 46. The fact that well 44 is positioned between two ditches within highly
conductive, coarsely textured soils also enhances drainage at this location. Wells 48 and 49 exhibit
slightly different hydrographs than the other wells on-site; these well locations have relative
elevations one to two feet higher above the local UT water surface than the other wells on-site and
because of this are not as sensitive to backwater effects from the UT.
Well locations that appear to be influenced by water levels in UT to Jumping Run Creek are located
between 130 and 230 feet from the UT. For water table levels to be directly affected at this distance,
the soils would be expected to exhibit high saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements. This has
been confirmed by on-site measurements and observations of on-site soil profiles. The majority of
the hydric soils along the UT contain a sandy C horizon with an upper boundary at depth of
approximately 3 feet. The depth of the channelized UT is approximately 4 to 5 feet deep in most
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locations; therefore, the UT intercepts this highly conductive sub-soil layer. This allows the UT and
other deep drainage ditches on the site to have a marked effect on the local water table depth.
Figure 5.1
Hydrographs of the Groundwater Monitoring Wells Compared to Local Rainfall on the UT to
Jumping Run Creek Site (July 2007 through April 2008).
Jumping Run Well and Rain Measurements
Date
m
t
6/27/2007
7/27/2007
8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
0
E 01 1
V 1 Automatic rain gauge installed on 8/16/07
_ 2
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3
10
Auto Well 1 -Auto Well 2 Auto Well 3 Auto Well 4
Auto Well 5 Auto Well 6 --*•-Auto Well 7 -•F• Auto Well 8
Auto Well 9 Auto Well 10 JR REF i,

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-
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
5.2.2 Hydrologic Modeling and Site Water Budget
To further investigate the current hydrologic status of the site and provide a means for evaluating
proposed restoration plans, hydrologic models were developed to simulate site hydrology.
DRAINMOD (version 5.1) was used to develop hydrologic simulation models to represent conditions
across the proposed restoration area. DRAINMOD was identified as an approved hydrologic tool for
assessing wetland hydrology by the NRCS (1997). For more information on DRAINMOD and its
application to high water table soils, review Skaggs (1980) and Appendix 5.
Model parameters were selected based on field measurements and professional judgment about site
conditions. Rainfall and air temperature information were collected from the nearest automated
weather station where long-term data were available (Fayetteville, NC, COOP: 313017 and Dunn,
NC, COOP 312500). Measured field parameters were entered into the models, and initial model
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simulations were compared with data collected from the monitoring wells. To calibrate the model,
parameters not measured in the field were adjusted within the limits typically encountered under
similar soil and geomorphic conditions until model simulations most closely matched observed well
data.
In order to capture the full range in hydrologic, soil, and topographic conditions within the area
targeted for restoration, multiple well locations from across the site were used to calibrate preliminary
models to predict observed conditions on-site. Among these, the well 410 location best approximates
conditions that are typical for the site. The final calibration used to predict observed conditions at the
well # 10 location is shown in Figure 5.2.
Trends in the observed data were represented favorably by the model simulations; however, it should
be noted that a limited amount of observed data were available for comparison (see Figure 5.2). It is
important to note that DRAINMOD uses simplifying assumptions in the estimation of water table
depths. When applied to a site such as the UT to Jumping Run Creek Site, with complex hydrologic
processes, the model can be used to assess overall trends and relationships but is unlikely to offer
exact predictions of water table hydrology. See Appendix 5 for DRAINMOD Analysis Files &
Restoration Site Water Table Data.
DRAINMOD computes daily water balance information and produces summaries that describe the
loss pathways for rainfall over the model simulation period. Tables 5.1 and 5.2 summarize the
average annual amount of rainfall, infiltration, drainage, runoff, and evapotranspiration estimated for
the existing condition of the proposed riparian and non-riparian wetland restoration areas,
respectively, based on 58-year simulations. The average amounts for the simulated areas are
presented in the table. Infiltration represents the amount of water that percolates into the soil and is
lost via drainage or runoff. Drainage is the loss of infiltrated water that travels through the soil profile
and is discharged to drainage ditches or underlying aquifers. Runoff is water that flows over land and
reaches drainage ditches before infiltration. Evapotranspiration is water that is lost through direct
evaporation of water from the soil or through the transpiration of plants.
From the data provided, it is clear that a significant amount of the rainfall on the site is lost to
evapotranspiration, which is typical for farm fields in the Coastal Plain and Sandhills Region of North
Carolina. Drainage is also a significant loss pathway for water under the existing drained farm
conditions, as would be expected from the monitoring well data (see discussion in Section 5.2.1).
Restoration of the site will involve restoring a floodplain area, filling the network of drainage ditches,
raising the bottom elevation of the stream, and increasing the amount of surface storage available to
pond water. In this way, the respective amounts of drainage and runoff are decreased, and the excess
water allows the water table to remain higher throughout the year, thus restoring wetland hydrology.
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Figure 5.2
Modeled and Observed* Hydrographs for Autowell # 10.
Observed and Modeled Hydrographs for Automated Well #10
0
-10

V!
N
t
V
-20

Z
C.
-30 - 4L

+ Modeled Water Table Depth
Observed Water Table Depth
-40

W V 00 (0 N W A

'O N \
71 71
71
\
N N N N
N N N N
O O O O N N N O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O
V V V V O O O 00 00 00 00
V V V
Date
*Due to autowell malfunctions, erroneous data were recorded at various times from January through April
2008. These data were not incorporated into DRAINMOD and are represented by gaps in the plot of observed
data below.
Table 5.1
Water Balance Data for Existing Conditions of Proposed Riparian Wetland Restoration Areas

Precipitation 45.8 100
Drainage 19.2 41.9
Runoff 0.5 1.1
Evapotranspiration 26.1 57.0
Table 5.2
Water Balance Data for Existing Conditions in the Proposed Non-riparian Wetland Restoration Areas
,u. .,... ?.<. .., s,..4Y 1`9.;,..,
eP.v..caa?.iriftr"
Precipitation 45.8 100
Drainage 17.6 38.4
Runoff 0.23 0.5
Evapotranspiration 28.0 61.1
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5.2.3 Climatic Conditions
The average growing season (defined as the period in which air temperatures are maintained above 28
degrees Fahrenheit at a frequency of 5 years in 10) for the project locale is 260 days, beginning on
March 8 and ending November 22 (Cumberland County WETS Table 37051, Pope Air Force Base,
NC: COOP 316891). Pope Air Force Base, located approximately 3 miles southwest of the project
site, experiences an average annual rainfall of 45.26 inches (Pope Air Force Base, NC: COOP
316891). In much of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, approximately 36 inches of water are lost
to evapotranspiration during an average year (Evans and Skaggs, 1985). Since average rainfall
exceeds average evapotranspiration losses, the Coastal Plain experiences a moisture excess during
most years. Excess water leaves a site by groundwater flow, runoff, channelized surface flow, or
deep seepage. Annual losses due to deep seepage, or percolation of water to confined aquifer
systems, are typically less than one inch of water for most Coastal Plain areas and are not a significant
loss pathway for excess water. Although groundwater flow can be significant in some systems, most
excess water is lost via surface and shallow subsurface flow.
Monthly precipitation amounts observed on-site from September through November 2007 are
compared with Cumberland County WETS table average monthly rainfall in Table 5.3. Rainfall in
September 2007 was 3.87 inches lower than average, rainfall in October 2007 was 1.73 inches above
average, and rainfall in November was 2.12 inches below average. On-site precipitation data are not
available prior to September 2007 or during December 2007. Data from the closest automated
weather station to the project site were used for these months and indicate that the project vicinity has
experienced severe drought conditions during 2007 (Pope Air Force Base, NC: COOP 316891).
Table 5.3
Comparison of Monthly Rainfall Amounts for Project Site and Long-term Averages
116A;w ®I I I w ° I A I @ l a w Deviation 1
Jan-07 2.53 3.94 -1.41
Feb-07 1.66 3.55 -1.89
Mar-07 2.46 3.99 -1.53
Apr-07 2.80 3.3 8 -0.58
May-07 1.21 3.28 -2.07
Jun-07 5.17 4.65 0.52
Jul-07 2.23 5.70 -3.47
Aug-07 0.7 4.48 -3.78
Sep-07 0.36 4.23 -3.87
Oct-07 4.9 3.17 1.73
Nov-07 1.02 3.13 -2.12
Dec-07 4.16 2.75 1.41
Sum 29.2 46.25 -17.05
* Data from January through August 2007 and December 2007 provided by weather station at Pope Air Force
Base, NC: COOP 316891. Data for October and 2007 recorded by onsite rainfall gauge that was installed
during early October 2007.
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5.3 Soil Characterization
Soils on site were evaluated by a Licensed Soil Scientist using hand auger borings and Natural
Resources Conservation Service (MRCS) Soil Survey data for Cumberland and Hoke Counties (US
Department of Agriculture [USDA] 1984). Exhibit 5.2 shows the boundaries of each soil series as
mapped by the NRCS Soil Survey. The majority of the project site is mapped as Deloss loam and
Pactolus loamy sand. The Deloss series is a hydric soil that is poorly drained and formed from loamy
alluvial sediments. The Pactolus series is not hydric and consists of moderately well drained soils
formed in sandy alluvial sediments. Smaller areas of the Altavista, Johnston, Roanoke, Tarboro, and
Wickham series are also mapped on site and are described in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4
Soil Series Present On-site as Mapped by the NRCS Soil Survey (from Cumberland County Soil Survey,
USDA-SCS, 1984)

Altavista Fluvial terraces No Moderately well drained soils formed in alluvial sediments. Slope
ranges from 0 to 3 %. Permeability is moderate.
Deloss Fluvial terraces Yes Very poorly drained soils that formed in loamy al sediments.
Slope is <2 %. Permeability is moderate.
Johnston Floodplains Yes Very poorly drained soils formed in loamy, stratified fluvial
sediments. Permeability is moderately rapid.
Pactolus Fluvial terraces No Moderately well to somewhat poorly drained soils formed in
loamy and sandy alluvial sediments. Permeability is rapid.
Roanoke Fluvial terraces Yes Poorly drained soils that formed in clayey, stratified alluvial
sediments. Permeability is slow.
Tarboro Fluvial terraces No Somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in sandy alluvial
sediments. Permeability is rapid.
Wickham Fluvial terraces No Well drained soils formed in loamy alluvial sediments.
Permeability is moderate.
Hydric soils on the project site were identified according to criteria specified by USDA NRCS
(2006), and areas of hydric soils were flagged in the field and located using a combination of
MagellanTM Mobile Mapper Pro GPS hardware and RTK methodology. The boundary of hydric soils
on-site is depicted in Exhibit 5.1 and Appendix 2. Hydric soils present within the proposed
restoration areas are dominated by, but not limited to, the Deloss, Osier, Roanoke, and Torhunta
series. Descriptions of representative pedons are provided in Appendix 2. While investigations
indicated considerable spatial variation in soil profile characteristics across the site, areas proposed
for restoration were found to exhibit one or more hydric soil indicator(s). For soils with USDA
textures of loamy fine sand and coarser (sandy soils), typical hydric indicators include "Depleted
Below Dark Surface" (indicator A11), "Thick Dark Surface" (indicator A12), and "Dark Surface"
(indicator S7) (USDA NRCS, 2006). For soils with USDA textures of loamy very fine sand and finer
(loamy and clayey soils), typical hydric soil indicators include "Depleted Matrix" (indicator F3),
"Umbric Surface" (indicator F13), "Depleted below Dark Surface" (indicator A11), and "Thick Dark
Surface" (indicator A12) (USDA NRCS, 2006). The above soil properties indicate that these soils
were formed under reducing conditions and that the site once functioned as a wetland system.
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Though considerable spatial variation in soil profile characteristics is found across the site, the
majority of soils in the proposed restoration area have one or more C horizons at depth that contain
loamy sand, sand, or gravelly sand. The depth of the upper boundary of these C horizons typically
ranges from 30 to more than 42 inches below the soil surface.
5.4 Plant Community Characterization
The majority of the proposed restoration area is comprised of pasture and fallow fields. In the past,
pasture areas have been used for grazing and hay production, and fallow agricultural fields have been
used for corn production. Vegetation within open fields and pasture areas is primarily comprised of
Fescues (Festuca spp.) and Dog fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium). In wooded riparian areas within
the pastures and fields, the canopy is dominated by Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and understory
species consist of Red maple (Acer rubrum), Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and Persimmon
(Diospyros virginiana). Woody shrub and vine species include Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense),
Maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina), Tag alder (Alnus serrulata), Greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), and
Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia). Herbaceous species consist of Dog fennel (Eupatorium
capillifolium), Soft rush (Juncus effusus), and Sedges (Carex spp.). Multiple existing degraded
jurisdictional wetlands are bounded by the proposed wetland restoration area (Exhibit 5.1). The
majority of these wetlands are dominated by herbaceous species, including, but not limited to, Soft
rush (Juncus effusus), Smartweeds (Polygonum sp.), Shallow sedge (Carex lurida), Meadow-beauty
(Rhexia sp.), and Sushy seedbox (Ludwigia alternifolia).
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6.0 REFERENCE WETLAND
6.1 Hydrological Characterization
The reference wetland site for the project is located on-site within the existing forested area, in the
eastern portion of the project boundary (easement area `D') adjacent to downstream section of
enhancement reach UTIc. The site is located within approximately 100 feet south of UTIc, and is
located in a depressional area of hydric soils that appears to support wetland hydrology. The location
and surrounding areas have been field evaluated and were determined to be a jurisdictional wetland
based on the presence of wetland vegetation, hydric soils, and indicators of wetland hydrology.
The reference area has experienced some disturbance in the past, including past timber harvest and
some surficial ditching within 100 to 200 feet of the monitored site. The canopy of the reference site
is dominated by successional species indicative of past timbered areas.
The site was chosen to serve as an on-site reference wetland primarily for the comparison of
hydrologic data during unusually wet or dry years. The plant community of the site has been
disturbed in the past; therefore, the site will not be used as an ecological reference site.
In addition to the reference area mentioned above, hydrology data from the on-site wetland
enhancement areas and a local wetland restoration project will be considered when comparing water
budgets and overall site conditions. The supporting data are shown in Appendix 4.
6.1.1 Gauge Data Summary
An automated recording well was installed within the reference site during August 2007. The well
was programmed to record groundwater levels every 12 hrs to a maximum depth of 40 inches. From
July through October 2007, during a period of extreme drought, groundwater levels consistently
remained between 20 and 30 inches deep (Figure 6.1). A significant rainfall event on October 25
caused the levels to rise above a depth of 12 inches for a period of approximately 9 days (3.5 percent
of the growing season), but the water table did not rise above the 12-inch depth for a consecutive 5.0
percent during the monitored portion of the 2007 growing season. The relatively deep water table
observed within the reference wetland from July through November is attributed to extreme drought
conditions that are more fully described in Section 5.2.3. During 2008, the water table has been
above 12 inches for at least 32 consecutive days, or 12 percent of the growing season, from the
beginning of the growing season (March 22) through the end of available monitoring data (April 22).
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 6-1
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Figure 6.1
Water Table Depths Recorded in a Monitoring Well Installed within the Reference Site.
Jumping Run On-site Reference Well
20.0
10
0
.
0
0
.
c
m
a
-10
0
i
.
J
L
d
-20
0
.
30
0
-
.
-40.0
7/27/2007 9/25/2007 11/24/2007 1/23/2008 3/23/2008 5/22/2008
Date
6.2 Soil Characterization
Although soils located in the vicinity of the reference wetland are mapped as the Deloss series (fine-
loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic, Typic Umbraquults) (USDA SCS, 1984), field investigations
indicate they are most like the Chastain series (fine, mixed, semiactive, acid, thermic Fluvaquentic
Endoaquepts) (USDA NRCS, 2007a). Soils at the reference wetland location are not the Deloss
series because they lack an argillic (Btg) horizon. Chastain soils are typically associated with
floodplains in Coastal Plain river valleys (USDA NRCS, 2007a). The Chastain series consists of
poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium and have negligible runoff and slow permeability and
occur on slopes of less than two percent (USDA NRCS, 2007a). Chastain soils typically exhibit A -
Bg - Cg horizon sequences and have loamy textured surface horizons and clayey textured subsurface
horizons that are typically underlain by sand (USDA NRCS, 2007a). The Chastain series is
considered a hydric soil (USDA NRCS, 2007b). A profile description for the soil at the reference
wetland site is provided in Appendix 4.
6.3 Plant Community Characterization
The canopy at the reference wetland location is dominated by Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), Sweetgum
(Liquidambar styraciflua), Yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), Water oak (Quercus nigra),
American holly (Ilex opaca) and Red maple (Acer rubrum). Woody shrub and vine species consist of
Giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea), Greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), and Muscadine (Vitis
rotundifolia). Herbaceous species include Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea). As mentioned
above in Section 6. 1, the reference site plant community has been disturbed in the past, therefore a
combination of vegetation communities will be cited for the wetland reference vegetation, as
described by Schafale and Weakley (1990).
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7.0 PROJECT SITE RESTORATION PLAN
7.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives
After examining the assessment data collected at the site and exploring the potential for restoration,
an approach to the site was developed that would address restoration of both stream and wetland
functions within the field areas. The approach also needed to address the existing forested wetland
system at the downstream end of the site, which had been impacted in the past by channelization.
Topography and soils on the site indicate that the project area most likely functioned in the past as a
tributary stream system with associated wetlands, feeding into the larger Jumping Run Creek system.
Therefore, a design approach was formulated to restore this type of system. First, an appropriate
stream type for the valley type, slope, and desired wetland functions was selected and designed to
connect to the westernmost portion of the project boundary (See Exhibit 7.2, easement area `A').
Then a grading plan was developed to restore the adjacent wetland areas which had been converted to
agricultural fields. Finally, an enhancement approach was developed for the downstream forested
area, to restore historic flow patterns within the wooded area. Special consideration was given to
minimizing disturbance to existing wetland and wooded areas.
7.1.1 Channel Design Criteria Selection
For design purposes, Baker Engineering divided the UT to Jumping Run Creek into three
reaches labeled UTla, UTlb, and UTIc. The reach locations are shown in Exhibit 7.1.
Selection of a general restoration approach was the first step in selecting design criteria for
reaches UTla, UTlb and UTIc. The approach was based on the potential for restoration as
determined during the site assessment. After selection of the general restoration approach, the
specific design criteria were developed so that plan view layout, cross-section dimensions, and
profile could be described for the purpose of developing construction documents.
Selection of channel design criteria is based on a combination of approaches, including review
of reference reach data, regime equations, evaluation of results from past projects, and best
professional judgment as discussed in Appendix 8, Section 5.
The design philosophy at the UT to Jumping Run Creek site is to use these design parameters
as conservative values for the selected stream types and to allow natural variability in stream
dimension, facet slope, and bed features to form over long periods of time under the processes
of flooding, re-colonization of vegetation, and watershed influences. The proposed stream
types for the project are summarized in Table 7.1.
Table 7.1
Channel Design Stream Types (see Exhibit 7.1)

Restoration will focus on restoring a multi-thread system within existing hydric
UTla field areas. Due to its low slope and small drainage area, it is likely that this
(braided DA portion of the site functioned more as a braided headwater historically.
channel- Restoration activities would consist of filling the channelized portions of stream
upstream and restoring valley topography. The final topography of the valley will be
end) roughened to restore the microtopographic variability common in these systems.
Shallow flow paths will be graded and woody debris introduced, and the system
would be allowed to form on its own, either as a single or braided channel
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 7-1
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Table 7.1
Channel Design Stream Types (see Exhibit 7.1)

headwater stream. (DA stream type). This approach will allow for restoration
of historic flow patterns, with very little disturbance to the existing wetland
systems. Riparian buffers at least 50 feet wide will be established along the
stream reach and all buffer areas will be protected by a perpetual conservation
easement.
Reference reach studies indicate that low slope sand-bed systems typically form
UTlb C type channels, with high width-to-depth ratios. A higher width-to-depth ratio
(single C channel will also support the restored adjacent wetland hydrology. Rosgen
thread Priority Level 1 and 2 approaches will be used and the existing ditches will be
channel) filled in. A constructed channel approach is proposed for this reach because
reference site studies have indicated that streams of similar drainage areas and
slope exhibit single channel morphologies. Riparian buffers at least 50 feet
wide will be established along the stream reach and all buffer areas will be
protected b a perpetual conservation easement.
Enhancement is proposed for the area of existing forest on the eastern side of
UTlc the project site (easement area `D'). Flows from the restoration reaches would
(downstream E/C/DA be routed into the existing system that flows through this wooded area, with
forested mimmal disturbance to the existing wooded/wetland areas. The existing

area) channel is relatively stable, and restoring the historic stream flow would
enhance the functions of the stream reach. The existing riparian buffer system
will be protected by a perpetual conservation easement.
7.1.2 UTla Channel Restoration
As discussed in Section 3, UTIa has been channelized through an existing riparian headwater
system. The channelization and piling of spoil along the banks has disrupted the historic flow
and flooding patterns of the site. Restoration of this reach will seek to restore historic flow and
flooding processes. Based on valley slope and drainage area, it is our belief that this area most
likely functioned prior to disturbance as a headwater swamp, or braided stream system.
Restoration will focus on filling in the drainage ditches and channel, and restoring the pre-
disturbed topography of the valley. The valley bottom will then be roughened to restore the
natural microtopographic variability that is common within braided headwater systems. In
some locations, the valley will be graded slightly deeper than the average grade, to allow the
formation of deeper, more swamp-like sections within the valley. Shallow flow paths will be
connected through the microtopography to allow initial flow of water toward reach UTIb. The
system will be allowed to form braided channels and flow patterns on its own over time.
The restoration of UTIa through the existing farm fields will end at approximate Station 47+29.
At this location, the UTIa channel will connect with the proposed single-thread channel which
will form the beginning to UTIb. The transition to a single thread channel will involve grading
the shallow flow paths through the existing field gradually into a broad swale that will connect
to the constructed design bankfull width and depth. In this fashion, the low flows through
UTIa will be allowed to follow historic flow patterns and spread out through channel
depressions, restoring a more natural function.
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7.1.3 UTlb Channel Restoration
A stable cross-section will be achieved by restoring a single thread meandering channel across
the abandoned floodplain (currently agricultural/cattle field areas), increasing the width/depth
ratio, and raising the streambed (Rosgen Priority Level I) to restore a channel that is
appropriately sized for its drainage area. Due to the existing culverts crossings and the need to
not increase flooding conditions of the roads, minor floodplain grading will be performed to
allow for increased capacity during large storm events. Grading activities will also be aimed at
restored historic flow patterns and adjacent wetland hydrology by removing past channel spoil
and other agricultural land manipulations. The channel will be restored to a C stream type, and
the sinuosity will be increased by adding meanders to lengthen the channel and restore bed-
form diversity. Minimal grade control will be required for the project, due to the low channel
slope and low potential for channel incision. In-stream wooden structures, such as log vanes,
rootwads, and cover logs will be included in the channel design to provide improved aquatic
habitat. Table 7.2 presents the stream restoration dimensions and design criteria for the UTIb
channel.
Table 7.2
Natural Channel Design Parameters for Reach UTlb

Drainage Area, DA (sq mi) 1.0 --
Design Stream Length (feet) 3,400 --
Stream Type (Rosgen) C5c E5/C5 Note 1
Bankfull (bkf) Discharge, Qbkf (cfs) 9.4 -- Note 2
Bankfull Mean Velocity, Vbkf (ft/s) 0.78 -- V=Q/A
Bankfull Riffle XSEC Area, Abkf (sq ft) 12.0 9.6-15.0 Note 7
Bankfull Riffle Width, Wbkf (ft) 13.4 -- Abkf' *W /D
Bankfull Riffle Mean Depth, Dbkf (ft) 0.9 -- d=A/W
Width to Depth Ratio, W/D (ft/ft) 15.0 10 - 16 Note 3
Width Floodprone Area, Wfpa (ft) >100 --
Entrenchment Ratio, Wfpa/Wbkf (ft/ft) 8-12 5.5 - >10 Note 4
Riffle Max Depth @ bkf, Dmax (ft) 1.1 --
Riffle Max Depth Ratio, Dmax/Dbkf 1.2 1.2-1.6 Note 5
Bank Height Ratio, Dtob/Dmax (ft/ft) 1.0 1.0 Note 6
Meander Length, Lm (ft) 70 - 170 --
Meander Length Ratio, Lm/Wbkf * 8.0-12.0 8.0-12.5 Note 7
Radius of Curvature, Re (ft) 30 - 50 --
Rc Ratio, Rc/Wbkf * 2.0-3.5 2.0-3.5 Note 7
Belt Width, Wblt (ft) 38 - 120 --
Meander Width Ratio, Wblt/Wbkf * 3.5-8.0 3.0-8.0 Note 7
Sinuosity, K 1.2 1.2-1.8 TW length/ Valley
length
Valley Slope, Sval (ft/ft) 0.0011 --
Channel Slope, Schan (ft/ft) 0.0016 -- Sval / K
Slope Riffle, Srif (ft/ft) 0.001- 0.005 --
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Table 7.2
Natural Channel Design Parameters for Reach UTlb

Riffle Slope Ratio, Srif/Schan Note 8
Slope Pool, Spool (ft/ft) 0.0001- 0.0007 --
Pool Slope Ratio, Spool/Schan 0.0-0.2 -- Note 8
Pool Max Depth, Dmaxpool (ft) 1.9 --
Pool Max Depth Ratio, Dmaxpool/Dbkf 2.0-3.0 2.0-3.0 Note 7
Pool Width, Wpool (ft) 17.0 --
Pool Width Ratio, Wpool/Wbkf 1.3- 1.5 1.2-1.5 Note 9
Pool-Pool Spacing, Lps (ft) 35 - 85 --
Pool-Pool Spacing Ratio, Lps/Wbkf 2.5-6.0 4.0-6.0 Note 7
d16 - mm 0.10 --
d35 - mm 0.30 --
d5o - mm 0.40 --
d84 - mm 4.40 --
d95 - mm 7.30 --
Notes:
1 A C5c stream type is appropriate for a very low-slope, wide, alluvial valley with a sand streambed. The choice of
a C5c channel dimension was based on relationships of W/D ratio to slope in NC Coastal Plain reference reach
streams, as well as sediment transport analyses and past project evaluation.
z Bankfull discharge was estimated using Manning's equation (n=0.04).
3 A final W/D ratio was selected based on relationships of W/D ratio to slope in NC Coastal Plain reference reach
streams, as well as sediment transport analyses and past project evaluation.
4 Required for stream classification.
5 This ratio was based on past project evaluation of similar C5 design channels.
6 A bank height ratio near 1.0 ensures that all flows greater than bankfull will spread onto a floodplain. This
minimizes shear stress in the channel and maximizes floodplain functionality, resulting in lower risk of channel
instability.
Values were chosen based on sand-bed reference reach data, and past project evaluation.
8 Due to the extremely low channel slopes, facet slopes were not calculated for the proposed design. Past project
experience has shown that these minor changes in slope between features form naturally within the constructed
channel, provided that the overall design channel slope is maintained during construction.
9 Values were chosen based on reference reach database analysis and past project evaluation. It is more
conservative to design a pool wider than the riffle. Over time, the pool width may narrow, which is considered to
be a positive evolutionary step.
7.1.4 UT1c Channel Enhancement
The enhancement of reach UTIc through the existing forested area will end near Station
101+54. At this location, the UTIc channel will connect to the confluence with Jumping Run
Creek. The flow within the existing channelized stream area has been greatly reduced from
historical conditions due to the construction of the dirt road on the eastern side of the property
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(Long Valley Road) and the rerouting of the UT through the site. The historical drainage area
and hydrology will be reconnected such that the proposed stream restoration reaches of the
project flow into the downstream enhancement reach.
The existing channel through the woods appears to be stable and is not incised along much of
its length. Therefore, water will be turned into this existing channel with no disturbance to the
existing wooded riparian buffers. This restoration of historic flows should also provide
additional water inputs to the wetland systems that exist within the wooded areas.
7.2 Sediment Transport
The purpose of sediment transport analysis is to ensure that the stream restoration design creates a
stable sand-bed channel that does not aggrade or degrade overtime. The overriding assumption is
that the project reach should be transporting all the sediment delivered from upstream sources,
thereby being a "transport" reach and classified as a Rosgen "C" or "E" type channel. Empirical
relationships from stable sand-bed channels in North Carolina are used in this analysis, as described
in Appendix 8, Section 6.
Shear stress, stream power, and W/D values for the UTlb design reach are plotted against stable
reference stream data in Appendix 10. The values were calculated based on design conditions of the
reach, and a summary of the data are provided in Appendix 10. The design shear stress and stream
power values plot within the scatter of data points collected from reference reaches. This analysis
provides evidence that the stresses predicted for the design channels are well within the range of
stable values calculated for the reference reaches. Therefore, scour of design channels is not
expected.
Sediment transport analyses as described above and in Appendix 8 were not applied to design reach
UTla. The design for that reach involves the restoration of a broad/shallow flow paths (swale) along
the low areas of the field to allow the system to form as a single or multi-thread or braided channel; in
essence, the restoration of a headwater stream/wetland system. These systems are aggradational by
nature, due to very low flow velocities and scour stresses. Under normal conditions, sediment
deposits in these systems. However, sediment supply is typically limited, such that over time, these
systems remain stable and deposited sediment becomes part of the natural processes of soil formation.
Observations from the project site confirm that sediment supply from upstream sources are limited,
therefore sediment transport relationships are predicted to function normally in the restored reaches of
UTla & UTlb.
Table 7.3
Calculated Sediment Transport Data for Design Reach UTlb
I
M11 M
i
I 1{
' I a u
UTlb to Jumping

Run Creek 12 9.4 0.78 0.030 0.026
7.3 In-stream Structures
A variety of in-stream structures are proposed for the project reaches. Structures such as root wads,
log weirs, log vanes, and cover logs will be used to stabilize the newly-restored stream and improve
aquatic habitat functions. Table 7.4 summarizes the use of in-stream structures at the site.
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Table 7.4
In-stream Structure Types and Locations
s i
Root wads Throughout project
Log vanes Throughout project
Log weirs Only in locations where grade control is a concern
(limited due to channel slope)
Cover logs Throughout project
7.3.1 Root Wads
Root wads are placed at the toe of the stream bank along the outside of meander bends for the
creation of habitat and for stream bank protection. Root wads include the root mass or root ball
of a tree plus a portion of the trunk. They are used to armor a stream bank by deflecting stream
flows away from the bank. In addition to stream bank protection, they provide structural
support to the stream bank and habitat for fish and other aquatic animals. They also serve as a
food source for aquatic insects. Root wads will be placed throughout the project reaches
primarily to improve aquatic habitat and provide cover.
7.3.2 Log Vanes
A log vane is used to provide cover for aquatic organisms in the downstream scour pool and
with a potential secondary benefit of protecting stream banks by reducing near-bank stress and
redirecting flow away from the bank. The length of a single vane structure can span one-half to
two-thirds the bankfull channel width. Vanes are located just downstream of the point where
the stream flow intersects the bank at an acute angle in a meander bend.
7.3.3 Log Weir
Log weirs are used to provide grade control as well as provide a secondary habitat benefit for
aquatic organisms. A log weir consists of two logs stacked (a header log and a footer log) and
installed perpendicular to the direction of flow. This center structure sets the invert elevation of
the stream bed.
7.3.4 Cover Logs
A cover log is placed along the outside of a meander bend to provide habitat in the pool area. It
is most often installed in conjunction with root wads. The log is buried into the outside bank of
the meander bend; the opposite end extends through the deepest part of the pool and may be
buried in the inside of the meander bend, in the bottom of the point bar. The placement of the
cover log near the bottom of the bank slope on the outside of the bend encourages scour in the
pool. This increased scour provides a deeper pool for bedform variability.
7.4 Restoration of Wetland Hydrology
7.4.1 Riparian Wetland Restoration
The existing agricultural fields across the site are currently drained by the UT to Jumping Run
Creek and lateral ditches. To restore wetland hydrology to the site, the existing stream will be
fully to partially filled, depending on the amount of fill material that can be produced from
minor land grading and excavation of the new stream channel. When complete filling of the
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stream and ditches is not possible, ditch plugs will be installed from compacted earth. Ditch
plugs will also be used in locations where the restored stream channel will cross the existing
stream channel. In areas where restored stream flows will contact fill material, root wads or
other protective measures will be installed to provide additional protection and deflect stream
energies. Due to the relatively small size of the restored channel and the low energy nature of
the system, these practices will be sufficient to prevent erosion and channel avulsion.
These practices have been used on numerous other projects with excellent results. Some
sections of existing channel may be only partially filled depending on the amount of fill
material that can be produced. These partially filled areas will be discontinuous and will mimic
small floodplain pools or tree throws within the wetland areas that will add to the diversity of
habitat on the project site.
Grading activities will focus on restoring pre-disturbance valley topography by removing any
field crowns, surface drains, or swales that were imposed during conversion of the land for
agriculture. In general, grading activities will be minor, with the primary goal of filling the
drainage features on the site back to natural ground elevations.
The topography of the restored site will be patterned after natural floodplain wetland reference
sites, and will include the restoration of minor depressions and tip mounds (microtopography)
that promote diversity of hydrologic conditions and habitats common to natural wetland areas.
These techniques will be instrumental to the restoration of site hydrology by promoting surface
ponding and infiltration, decreasing drainage capacity, and imposing higher water table
conditions across the restoration site. In order to improve drainage and increase agricultural
production, farmed wetland soils are often graded to a smooth surface and crowned to enhance
runoff (Lilly, 1981). Microtopography contributes to the properties of forest soils and to the
diversity and patterns of plant communities (Lutz, 1940; Stephens, 1956; Bratton, 1976;
Ehmfeld, 1995). Microtopography will be established after floodplain areas have been
established to design grades, using the procedures described in Appendix 9, Section 8.
The restoration design for the wetland is based on a targeted "Coastal Plain small stream
swamp" riparian wetland type, as identified by Schafale and Weakley (1990). Hydrology of
this system will be palustrine, "intermittently, temporarily, or seasonally flooded", as the
restored channel is designed to carry the bankfull flow, and to flood (flow out of its banks) at
discharges greater than bankfull.
The revegetation plan for the overall riparian system will consider the combination of existing
onsite native vegetation and riparian communities identified by Schafale and Weakley (1990)
that include "Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp", "Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood",
"Streamhead Pocosin", and "Streamhead Atlantic White Cedar Forest. The planting areas will
be designated by zones to represent site conditions that include headwater riparian, riparian,
transitional, and non-riparian/upland. These boundary zones are shown on Exhibit 7.2.
7.4.2 Riparian Wetland Enhancement
Numerous small pockets of existing jurisdictional wetlands have been delineated within the
open field areas of the project site. These wetlands have formed as a result of depressional
topography and poor drainage, areas of off-site water inputs, and beaver activity. These
existing wetlands will be incorporated into the design as wetland enhancement areas (see
Exhibit 7.1). Through the stream and wetland restoration practices described above, these areas
will experience a more natural hydrology and flooding regime once the project is completed.
Since most of the existing wetlands are dominated by herbaceous wetland species, the areas
will also be planted with native wetland tree species that are tolerant of flooded conditions.
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7.4.3 Non-Riparian Wetland Restoration
As mentioned above, the intent of the riparian wetland restoration practices is to restore a
"Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp" wetland system along the historic stream floodplain.
Other areas of drained hydric soils are disconnected from streamflow events, with the exception
of large flood events, and the UT to Jumping Run Creek floodplain will be restored as non-
riparian wetlands as shown on Exhibit 7.1. Along much of their length, these non-riparian
areas are disconnected from the riparian wetland areas by ridges of upland soil; however, they
do ultimately drain into the riparian system near the downstream culvert crossing and are
therefore a continuous part of the overall system. Whereas the hydrology of the riparian
wetland restoration areas is influenced primarily by streamflows and groundwater discharge,
the hydrology of the non-riparian areas will be driven almost entirely by rainfall.
Drained hydric soils within the non-riparian open field areas of the site have been delineated in
detail and are dominated by the Deloss, Torhunta, Roanoke, and Osier series and contain
smaller inclusions of other hydric soils. In order to restore hydrology to these areas, drainage
ditches will be filled and the natural topography of the areas restored, which will increase
surface storage and raise the local water table. Restored areas will be roughened to restore a
more natural topography and provide increased surface storage. Non-riparian wetland
restoration areas will be planted with native wetland vegetation that is slightly to highly tolerant
of flooded conditions, depending on the expected hydrology of planting areas.
As mentioned in Section 7.4.1, the revegetation plan for the overall non-riparian/upland system
will consider a combination of existing onsite native vegetation and non-riparian/upland
communities identified by Schafale and Weakley (1990) that include "Mesic Pine Flatwood",
"Wet Pine Flathill", "Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill", and "Pine Savanna". The planting areas will be
designated by zones to represent site conditions that will include headwater riparian, riparian,
transitional, and non-riparian/upland. These boundary zones are shown on Exhibit 7.2.
7.5 Hydrologic Model Analyses
The DRAINMOD simulations developed to evaluate the current hydrologic status of the restoration
site (Section 5.5) were used to estimate the hydrologic conditions of the site under the proposed
restoration practices. For riparian areas, model parameters that describe the depth of stream and
topographic surface storage were changed to values representative of the described restoration
practices. For example, drain depths were reduced to approximately 30 centimeters to represent the
water level in the restored, meandering channel. Surface storage parameters were increased from 1 to
4 centimeters to represent surface roughing practices. Input files that describe cropping conditions
were changed to represent forested conditions. For non-riparian areas, model parameters were altered
to evaluate a system with essentially no ditches (5 centimeters) and increased surface storage (4
centimeters).
To estimate the average hydrologic condition of the restored riparian areas, a model scenario was
evaluated for an average distance from the restored channel with a surface storage of four
centimeters. Since riparian wetlands are being restored from the restored stream channel out to a
distance of approximately 200 feet, an average distance of 100 feet from the restored stream channel
was evaluated by spacing drains at a distance of approximately 200 feet. For non-riparian wetland
areas, a model was developed with very shallow drains spaced at 100 feet (approximate average
width of the non-riparian areas), to simulate a system with essentially no subsurface drainage.
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Fifty-eight year simulations were run for both the riparian and non-riparian models following the
procedure described in Section 5.5. Results of the simulations are presented in Figure 7. 1, and the
DRAINMOD input files are provided in Appendix 5.
The simulation run for the riparian areas indicated that, on average, the water table will be less than
30 centimeters deep continuously for approximately 6 percent of the growing season. While this
scenario was modeled to represent average conditions across the riparian areas, it is important to note
that the model predicts conditions at a specific location and that hydrology across the site is expected
to be variable, based on topography, soils, and varying water inputs. It is also important to note that
DRAINMOD does not account for overbank flooding events, and therefore model simulations for
floodplains should be considered conservative (i.e. actual conditions will likely be wetter than
predicted). The modeled scenario provides a basis for estimating the average hydrologic condition
over the restored site; however, it is important to note that the hydrology of the targeted restored
wetland system (Coastal Plain small stream swamp) is highly variable across a given site, supporting
the ecological and functional diversity that makes these systems so valuable.
The simulations run for the non-riparian wetland areas indicated that, on average, the water table will
be less than 30 centimeters deep continuously for approximately 9 percent of the growing season.
The non-riparian areas of the site will have no drainage feature (such as a stream channel) and
therefore are predicted by the model to have wetter conditions than the riparian areas. Precipitation
will be held onsite for extended periods of time, promoting high water table conditions.
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Figure 7.1
Fifty-eight Year Model Simulations for the Longest Period of Consecutive Days Meeting Wetland
Criteria for Conditions Encountered at Restoration Site. For the riparian simulation, 50 percent of
years met the hydrologic criteria for 16 days or longer. For non-riparian simulation, 50 percent of
years met the hydrologic criteria for 30 days or longer.
7.6 Natural Plant Community Restoration
The vegetative components of this project include streambank, floodplain, wetland, and upland
planting and have been separated further into zones described as headwater riparian, riparian,
transitional, and non-riparian/upland. These zones are shown on the revegetation plan sheets in
Appendix 11 and Exhibit 7.2. In addition to these planting boundaries, any areas of the site that lack
diversity or are disturbed or adversely impacted by the construction process will be replanted.
Bare-root and containerized trees, live stakes, and permanent seedlings will be planted within
designated areas of the conservation easement. A minimum 50-foot buffer will be established along
the restored stream reaches UTIa and UTIb. In many areas, the buffer width will be in excess of 50
feet and will encompass adjacent wetland restoration areas. In general, bare-root vegetation will be
planted at a total target density of 694 stems per acre. Planting will be conducted during the dormant
season, with all trees installed between the last week of November and the third week of March.
Additionally, five acres of each planting zone with exception to the upland areas will be
supplemented with larger containerized plant species. These containerized planting locations are
approximate and shall be based on site conditions immediately following construction. The addition
of these larger plants will promote stand age heterogeneity, and allow some trees a head start on
reaching maturity, with the intent of various ecosystem benefits.
Selected species for hardwood revegetation are presented in Table 7.5. Tree species selected for
restoration areas will be weak to tolerant of flooding. Weakly tolerant species are able to survive and
grow in areas where the soil is saturated or flooded for relatively short periods of time. Moderately
tolerant species are able to survive in soils that are saturated or flooded for several months during the
growing season. Flood tolerant species are able to survive on sites in which the soil is saturated or
flooded for extended periods during the growing season (WRP, 1997).
Observations will be made during construction of the site regarding the relative wetness of areas to be
planted as compared to the revegetation plan. Planting zones will be determined based on these
comparisons, and planted species will be matched according to their wetness tolerance and the
anticipated wetness of the planting area.
Once trees are transported to the site, they will be planted within two days. Soils across the site will
be sufficiently disked and loosened prior to planting. Trees will be planted by manual labor using a
dibble bar, mattock, planting bar, or other approved method. Planting holes for the trees will be
sufficiently deep to allow the roots to spread out and down without ".1-rooting." Soil will be loosely
compacted around trees once they have been planted to prevent roots from drying out.
Live stakes will be installed randomly two to six feet apart using triangular or zig-zag spacing-or at
a density of 40 to 200 stakes per 1,000 square feet-along the stream banks, between the toe of the
stream bank and bankfull elevation. Site variations may require slightly different spacing.
Permanent seed mixtures will be applied to all disturbed areas of the project site. Table 7.6 lists the
species, mixtures, and application rates that will be used. A mixture is provided that is suitable for
streambank, floodplain, and wetland areas. Mixtures will also include temporary seeding (rye grain
or browntop millet) to allow for application with mechanical broadcast spreaders. To provide rapid
growth of herbaceous ground cover and biological habitat value, the permanent seed mixture
specified will be applied to all disturbed areas outside the banks of the restored stream channel. The
species provided are deep-rooted and have been shown to proliferate along restored stream channels,
providing long-term stability.
Temporary seeding will be applied to all disturbed areas of the site that are susceptible to erosion.
These areas include constructed streambanks, access roads, side slopes, and spoil piles. If temporary
seeding is applied from November through April, rye grain will be used and applied at a rate of 130
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pounds per acre. If applied from May through October, temporary seeding will consist of browntop
millet, applied at a rate of 40 pounds per acre.
Table 7.5
Proposed Revegetation Species
zent Planted
1 Wetland Tol
Headwater Riparian Wetland Zone (-27 Acres) - Trees - 18'x15' Spacing - 161 stems/Acre

Fraxinus enns lvanica Green ash 10% FACW
Chamaec axis th oides Atlantic white cedar 20% OBL
Nyssa biflora Swamp black gum 25% OBL
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip poplar 10% FAC
Quercus lyrata Overcup oak 15% OBL
uercus ni ra Water oak 20% FAC
Headwater Riparian Understory - 10'x10' spacing - 436 plants/Acre
Clethra alni olia Summersweet 10% FACW
C rilla racimi ora Titi 20% FACW
Itea virginica Sweetspire 10% FACW+
Leucothoe racemosa Swamp doghobble 10% FACW
Lyonia lucida Fetter bush 15% FACW
Magnolia vir iniana Sweet ba magnolia 20% FACW+
Persea palustris Red bay 15% FACW
Riparian Wetland Zone (-34 Acres) - Trees - 10'x10' spacing - 436 plants/Acre
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 10% FAC
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip poplar 10% FAC
Nyssa biflora Swamp black gum 25% OBL
uercus l rata Overcu oak 15% OBL
uercus ni ra Water oak 10% FAC
Quercus phellos Willow oak 5% FACW-
Taxodium distichum Bald cypress 25% OBL
Riparian Wetland Understory - Trees - 18'x15' spacing - 161 stems/Acre
Cyrilla racimiflora Titi 20% FACW
Itea virginica Sweetspire 10% FACW+
Leucothoe racemosa Swam do hobble 10% FACW
Lyonia lucida Fetter bush 15% FACW
Magnolia virginiana Sweet bay magnolia 20% FACW+
Persea palustris Red bay 10% FACW
Vaccineum corymbosum Highbush blueberry 15% FACW
Riparian Containerized (-5 Acres) - Random spacing - 10 trees/Acre
Nyssa biflora Swamp black gum 40% OBL
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Table 7.5
Proposed Revegetation Species
qr_
?-ent Planted Wetland i t
uercus l rata Overcu oak 30% OBL
uercus ni ra Water oak 25% FAC
Quercus phellos Willow oak 5% FACW-
Transitional Zone (-30 Acres) - Trees - 10'x10' Spacing - 436 plants/Acre
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 5% FACW
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 10% FAC
Pinus palustris Long leaf pine 20% FACU+
Prunus serotina Black cheriy 10% FACU+
Quercus falcata Southern red oak 10% FACU-
Quercus lauriflolia Darlington oak 15% FACW
Quercus michauxii Swamp chestnut oak 5% FACW-
Quercus nigra Water oak 15% FAC
Ulmus americana American elm 10% FACW
Transitional Understory - 18'x15' Spacing - 11 stems/Acre
Ga lussacia ondosa Huckleberiy 15% FAC
Ilex opaca American holly 35% FAC-
Magnolia virginiana Sweet bay magnolia 25% FACW+
Sassafras albidum Sassafras 25% FACU
Transitional Containerized (-5 Acres) - Random spacing - 10 trees/Acre
Quercus falcata Southern red oak 30% FACU-
uercus lauri olia Laurel oak 10% FACW
uercus michauxii Swam chestnut oak 10% FACW-
Quercus nigra Water oak 30% FAC
Ulmus americana American elm 20% FACW
Non-Riparian Wetland & Upland Planting Zone (-61 Acres) -Trees - 10'x10' Spacing - 436 plants/Acre
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 5% FAC
Pinus palustris Long leaf pine 40% FACU+
Prunus serotina Black cheriy 15% FACU
Quercus falcata Southern red oak 10% FACU-
Quercus nigra Water oak 10% FAC
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark oak 10% FAC+
Fraxinus enns lvanica Green ash 5% FACW
Quercus stellata Post oak 5% FACU
Non-Riparian & Upland Understory - 18'x 15' spacing - 161 stems/Acre
Cornus orida Flowering do ood 30% FACU
Ilex glabra Inkberry holly 20% FACW
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 7-12
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
Table 7.5
Proposed Revegetation Species
lent Planted Wetland TolW
Sassafras albidum Sassafras 30% FACU
Car inns carohniana Ironwood 20% FAC
Non-Riparian Containerized (-5 Acres) - Random spacing - 10 trees/Acre
uercus ni ra Water oak 30% FACU
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark oak 30% FACU-
Pinus palustris Long leaf pine 40% FACU+
Streambanks (Live Stakes)
Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush 10% OBL
Salix nigra Black Willow 10% OBL
Salix sericea Silky Willow 40% OBL
Sambucus canadensis American Elderberry 40% FACW-
Table 7.6
Proposed Permanent Herbaceous Seed Mixture

Streambank, Riparian, Non-Riparian, and Floodplain Areas
Andropogongerardii Big blue stem 5% FAC
Andropogon glomeratus Bushy blue stem 5% FACW+
Aristida stricta Wiregrass 15% FAC-
Carex lupulina Hop sedge 10% OBL
Carex vulpinoidea Fox sedge 10% OBL
Elymus virginicus Virginia wild rye 10% FAC
Juncus effusus Soft rush 15% FACW+
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass 10% FAC+
Polygonum pensylvanicum Smartweed 5% FACW
Schizachyrium scoparium Little blue stem 5% FACU
Sorzhastrum nutans Indian2rass 10% FACU
7.7 On-site Invasive Species Management
The site has minimal existing native riparian vegetation other than field grasses with the exception of
the existing wetland area at the downstream end of the project. Invasive species such as Multiflora
rose (Rosa multiflora) and Privet (Ligustrum sinense) are present, although in relatively small
amounts. Grading operations will remove these invasive species within the restored field areas.
Within the existing wetland areas, these species will be addressed through manual cutting and spot
treatment with herbicides. If these or other invasive species re-establish and persist during the
monitoring period, hand cutting and herbicide treatment will be used to treat problem areas.
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 7-13
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
8.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Channel stability, vegetation survival, and viability of wetland function will all be monitored on the
project site. Post-restoration monitoring will be conducted for a minimum of five years or until the
success criteria are met following the completion of construction to document project success.
Different monitoring approaches are proposed for the restored stream reaches, based on the
restoration approaches to be used. For reach UTIa, which involves the restoration of the historic flow
pattern as a multi-thread headwater stream system to be constructed as a broad or diffuse swale with
shallow flow paths, monitoring will focus primarily on visual assessments and documentation. For
reach UTIb, which involves a more traditional restoration of a single-thread channel, monitoring
approaches follow those recommended by the Stream Mitigation Guidelines (USACE and NCDWQ
2003). These approaches are described below.
8.1 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTIa
Geomorphic monitoring of reach UTIa will be conducted for a minimum of five years or until the
success criteria are met to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration practices. Since restoration of
the reach involves the restoration of historic flow patterns and flooding functions in a multi-thread
headwater stream system, monitoring efforts will focus on visual documentation of stability and the
use of water level monitoring gauges to document saturation and flooding functions. The methods
used and any related success criteria are described below for each parameter.
8.1.1 Bankfull Events and Flooding Functions
The occurrence of bankfull events and flooding functions within the monitoring period will be
documented by the use of water level gauges and photographs. At least four monitoring gauges
will be installed within the restored system to document groundwater and flooding levels.
Loggers will be programmed to collect data at a minimum of every 12 hours. Installation of
monitoring stations will follow the standard methods found in Stream Mitigation Guidelines
(USACE and NCDWQ 2006).
Two floodplain flow events must be documented within the 5-year monitoring period. A
floodplain flow event is considered to be a flow event large enough to spread flow across at
least 50 percent of the floodplain width. The two floodplain events must occur in separate
years; otherwise, the monitoring will continue until two floodplain events have been
documented in separate years. Gauges should document the occurrence of extended periods of
shallow surface ponding, indicative of flow. Gauges should also document the connectivity of
flooding between the restored UTIa and UTIb reaches.
8.1.2 Photo Reference Sites
Photographs will be used to document restoration success visually. Reference stations will be
photographed for a minimum of five years or until the success criteria are met following
construction. Reference photos will be taken once a year and be taken in enough locations to
document the condition of the restored system. Photographs will be taken from a height of
approximately five to six feet. Permanent markers will be established to ensure that the same
locations (and view directions) are documented in each monitoring period.
The stream will be photographed longitudinally beginning at the upstream end of the
restoration site and moving downstream to the end of the site. Photographs will be taken
looking upstream at delineated locations. Reference photo locations will be marked and
described for future reference. Points will be close enough together to provide an overall view
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-1
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
of the reach. The angle of the shot will depend on what angle provides the best view and will
be noted and continued in future shots. When modifications to photo position must be made
due to obstructions or other reasons, the position will be noted along with any landmarks and
the same position will used in the future. Additional photographs and/or video footage may be
taken to document any observed evidence of flooding patterns such as debris, wrack lines,
water marks, channel features, etc.
8.2 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTlb
Geomorphic monitoring of UTIb will be conducted for a minimum of five years to evaluate the
effectiveness of the restoration practices. Monitored stream parameters include stream dimension
(cross-sections), pattern (longitudinal survey), profile (profile survey), and photographic
documentation. The methods used and any related success criteria are described below for each
parameter.
8.2.1 Bankfull Events and Flooding Functions
The occurrence of bankfull events within the monitoring period will be documented by the use
of a crest gauge and photographs. The crest gauge will be installed on the floodplain within 10
feet of the restored channel. The crest gauge will record the highest watermark between site
visits, and the gauge will be checked at each site visit to determine if a bankfull event has
occurred. Photographs will be used to document the occurrence of debris lines and sediment
deposition on the floodplain during monitoring site visits.
Two bankfull flow events must be documented within the 5-year monitoring period. The two
bankfull events must occur in separate years; otherwise, the stream monitoring will continue
until two bankfull events have been documented in separate years.
8.2.2 Cross-sections
Two permanent cross-sections will be installed per 1,000 LF of stream restoration work, with
one located at a riffle cross-section and one located at a pool cross-section. Each cross-section
will be marked on both banks with permanent pins to establish the exact transect used. A
common benchmark will be used for cross-sections and consistently used to facilitate easy
comparison of year-to-year data. The annual cross-section survey will include points measured
at all breaks in slope, including top of bank, bankfull, inner berm, edge of water, and thalweg, if
the features are present. Riffle cross-sections will be classified using the Rosgen Stream
Classification System.
There should be little change in as-built cross-sections. If changes do take place they should be
evaluated to determine if they represent a movement toward a more unstable condition (e.g.,
down-cutting or erosion) or a movement toward increased stability (e.g., settling, vegetative
changes, deposition along the banks, or decrease in width/depth ratio). Cross-sections shall be
classified using the Rosgen Stream Classification System, and all monitored cross-sections
should fall within the quantitative parameters defined for channels of the design stream type.
8.2.3 Pattern
Annual measurements taken for the plan view of the restoration site will include sinuosity,
meander width ratio, and radius of curvature. The radius of curvature measurements will be
taken on newly constructed meanders for the first year of monitoring only.
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-2
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
8.2.4 Longitudinal Profile
A longitudinal profile will be completed each year of the monitoring period. The profile will
be conducted for the entire length of the UTlb restored channel. Measurements will include
thalweg, water surface, inner berm, bankfull, and top of low bank. Each of these measurements
will be taken at the head of each feature (e.g., riffle, run, pool, glide) and the maximum pool
depth. The survey will be tied to a permanent benchmark.
The longitudinal profiles should show that the bedform features are remaining stable (i.e., they
are not aggrading or degrading). The pools should remain deep with flat water surface slopes,
and the riffles should remain steeper and shallower than the pools. Bedforms observed should
be consistent with those observed for channels of the design stream type.
8.2.5 Bed Material Analyses
Since the streams through the project site are dominated by sand-size particles, pebble count
procedures would not show a significant change in bed material size or distribution over the
monitoring period; therefore, bed material analyses are not recommended for this project.
8.2.6 Photo Reference Sites
Photographs will be used to document restoration success visually. Reference stations will be
photographed before construction and continued for a minimum of five years or until the
success criteria are met following construction. Reference photos will be taken once a year.
Photographs will be taken from a height of approximately five to six feet. Permanent markers
will be established to ensure that the same locations (and view directions) on the site are
documented in each monitoring period.
The stream will be photographed longitudinally beginning at the upstream end of the
restoration site and moving downstream to the end of the site. Photographs will be taken
looking upstream at delineated locations. Reference photo locations will be marked and
described for future reference. Points will be close enough to provide an overall view of the
reach. The angle of the shot will depend on what angle provides the best view and will be
noted and continued in future shots. When modifications to photo position must be made due
to obstructions or other reasons, the position will be noted along with any landmarks and the
same position will used in the future.
Lateral reference photos. Reference photo transects will be taken at each permanent cross-
section. Photographs will be taken of both banks at each cross-section. The survey tape will be
centered in the photographs of the bank. The water line will be located in the lower edge of the
frame, and as much of the bank as possible will be included in each photo. Photographers
should make an effort to consistently maintain the same area in each photo over time.
Structure photos. Photographs will be taken at each grade control structure along the restored
stream. Photographers should make every effort to consistently maintain the same area in each
photo over time. Photographs will be used to evaluate channel aggradation or degradation,
bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation, and effectiveness of erosion control measures
subjectively.
8.3 Stream Monitoring and Evaluation - Reach UTlc
Visual monitoring of reach UTIc will be conducted for a minimum of five years or until the success
criteria are met to evaluate the effectiveness of the restoration practices. Since this reach involves
Level II Enhancement techniques to restore historic flow patterns and flooding functions to remnant
channel segments in a single channel and multi-thread swamp system, monitoring efforts will focus
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-3
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
on visual documentation of stability. No significant planting is proposed for UTIc since the reach is
already wooded. The methods used and any related success criteria are described below for each
parameter.
8.3.1 Photo Reference Sites
Photographs will be used to document success visually. Reference stations will be
photographed for at a minimum of five years or until the success criteria are met following
construction. Reference photos will be taken once a year. Photographs will be taken from a
height of approximately five to six feet. Permanent markers will be established to ensure that
the same locations (and view directions) on the site are documented in each monitoring period.
The stream will be photographed longitudinally beginning at the downstream end of the
restoration site and moving upstream to the end of the site. Photographs will be taken looking
upstream at delineated locations. Reference photo locations will be marked and described for
future reference. Points will be close enough together to provide an overall view of the reach.
The angle of the shot will depend on what angle provides the best view and will be noted and
continued in future shots. When modifications to photo position must be made due to
obstructions or other reasons, the position will be noted along with any landmarks and the same
position will used in the future.
8.4 Wetland Hydrologic Monitoring and Evaluation
8.4.1 Riparian Wetlands
Groundwater monitoring stations will be installed across the project area to document hydrologic
conditions of the restored site. Up to ten groundwater monitoring stations will be installed in the
riparian wetland areas, with at least two being located within the existing wetland enhancement areas.
Groundwater monitoring stations will be installed as automated groundwater gauges and will follow
the USACE standard methods found in Stream Mitigation Guidelines (USACE and NCDWQ 2006).
In order to determine if the rainfall is normal for the given year, rainfall amounts will be tallied using
data obtained from the Cumberland County WETS Station and an on-site rain gauge.
The objective is for the monitoring data to show the site is saturated within 12 inches of the soil
surface for at least 6 percent of the growing season as indicated by the DRAINMOD model in Section
7.5 and that the site exhibits an increased frequency of flooding. The restored site will be compared
to the reference site, a local wetland restoration project, and the existing wetland enhancement areas
where the groundwater and surface water levels (overbank events) will be monitored. In addition, the
restored hydrology of the site will be compared to pre-restoration conditions both in terms of
groundwater and frequency of overbank events.
8.4.2 Non-Riparian Wetlands
Groundwater monitoring stations will be installed across the project area to document hydrologic
conditions of the restored site. Up to three groundwater monitoring stations will be installed in the
non-riparian wetland areas, with all three stations being automated groundwater gauges.
Groundwater monitoring stations will follow the USACE standard methods found in Stream
Mitigation Guidelines (USACE and NCDWQ 2006).
In order to determine if the rainfall is normal for the given year, rainfall amounts will be tallied using
data obtained from the Cumberland County WETS Station and an on-site rain gauge.
The objective is for the monitoring data to show the site is saturated within 12 inches of the soil
surface for at least 9 percent of the growing season as indicated by the DRAINMOD model in Section
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-4
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
7.5 and that the site exhibits an increased frequency of flooding. The restored site will be compared
to the reference site where the groundwater and surface water levels (overbank events) will be
monitored. In addition, the restored hydrology of the site will be compared to pre-restoration
conditions both in terms of groundwater and frequency of overbank events.
8.5 Vegetation Monitoring and Evaluation
Successful restoration of the vegetation on a wetland mitigation site is dependent upon hydrologic
restoration, active planting of preferred canopy species, and volunteer regeneration of the native plant
community. In order to determine if the criteria are achieved, vegetation-monitoring quadrants will
be installed and monitored across the restoration site in accordance with the CVS-NCEEP Protocol
for Recording Vegetation, Version 4.1 (2007). At least 33 permanent monitoring quadrants will be
established within the restored wetland areas (riparian and non-riparian) per Protocol Levels 1 and 2.
No monitoring quadrants will be established within the floodplain areas of UTIc since these areas are
already wooded. The size of individual quadrants will be 100 square meters for woody tree species,
25 square meters for shrubs, and 1 square meter for herbaceous vegetation. Vegetation monitoring
will occur in the fall, prior to the loss of leaves. Individual quadrant data will be provided and will
include diameter, height, density, and coverage quantities. Relative values will be calculated, and
importance values will be determined. Individual seedlings will be marked such that they can be
found in succeeding monitoring years. Mortality will be determined from the difference between the
previous year's living, planted seedlings and the current year's living, planted seedlings.
At the end of the first growing season, species composition, density, and survival will be evaluated.
For each subsequent year, until the final success criteria are achieved, the restored site will be
evaluated between July and November.
The interim measure of vegetative success for the site will be the survival of at least 320, 3-year old,
planted trees per acre at the end of year three of the monitoring period. The final vegetative success
criteria will be the survival of 260 planted trees per acre at the end of year five of the monitoring
period. While measuring species density is the current accepted methodology for evaluating
vegetation success on restoration projects, species density alone may be inadequate for assessing
plant community health due to natural variability within the riparian and non-riparian planting zones.
For this reason, the vegetation monitoring plan will incorporate the evaluation of additional plant
community indices to assess overall vegetative success as described in Section 7.6.
Herbaceous vegetation, primarily native grasses, shall be seeded/planted throughout the site. During
and immediately following construction activities, all ground cover at the project site shall be in
compliance with the North Carolina Erosion and Sedimentation Control Ordinance.
8.6 Reporting Requirements
A mitigation plan and as-built report documenting both stream and wetland restoration activities will
be developed after the completion of site planting and the installation of wells on the restored site.
The report will include all information required by NCEEP mitigation plan guidelines in accordance
with NCEEP Mitigation Plan Document, Version 2.0 (2008).
A monitoring program will be implemented to document system development and progress toward
achieving the success criteria referenced in the previous sections. The monitoring program will be
undertaken for 5 years, or until the final success criteria are achieved, whichever is longer.
Monitoring reports will be prepared in the fall of each monitoring year and submitted to NCEEP in
accordance with NCEEP Monitoring Report, Version 1.2 (2006). The monitoring reports will
include:
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-5
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
• A detailed narrative summarizing the project background that will include, project objectives
restoration approach, project history and background
• Stream assessment that includes morphometric and hydrologic success criteria, monitoring
results and/or problems areas, stream photographs, and data tables
• Vegetation assessment that includes vegetative success criteria, monitoring results and/or
problem areas, vegetative photographs, and data tables
• Overall conclusions and recommendations
• Wildlife observations
• References
• As-built topographic maps showing locations of monitoring gauges, vegetation sampling
plots, permanent photo points, and location of transects.
8.7 Maintenance Issues
Maintenance requirements vary from site to site and are generally driven by the following conditions:
• Projects without established woody floodplain vegetation are more susceptible to erosion
from floods than those with a mature hardwood forest
• Projects with sandy non-cohesive soils are more prone to short-term bank erosion than
cohesive soils or soils with high gravel and cobble content
• Alluvial valley channels with wide floodplains are less vulnerable than confined channels.
• Wet weather during construction can make accurate channel and floodplain excavations
difficult
• Local wildlife can impact the rate at which the native buffer can be established
• Extreme and/or frequent flooding can cause floodplain and channel erosion
• Extreme hot, cold, wet, or dry weather during and after construction can limit vegetation
growth, particularly temporary and permanent seed
• The presence and aggressiveness of invasive species can affect the extent to which a native
buffer can be established.
Maintenance issues and recommended remediation measures will be detailed and documented in the
as-built and monitoring reports. Factors that may have caused any maintenance needs, including any
of the conditions listed above, shall be discussed.
BAKER ENGINEERING NY, INC. 8-6
UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK SITE RESTORATION PLAN
9.0 REFERENCES
Bratton, S. P. 1976. Resource Division in an Understory Herb Community: Responses to Temporal
and Microtopographic Gradients. The American Naturalist 110 (974):679-693.
Lee, M., Peet R., Roberts, S., Wentworth, T. CVS-NCEEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation,
Version 4.1, 2007.
Doll, B.A. 2003. Stream Restoration Technical Guidebook and Coastal Stream Study Amendment.
Division of Water Quality, 319 Program.
Ehmfield, J. G., 1995. Microsite Differences in Surface Substrate Characteristics in Chamaecyparis
Swamps of the New Jersey Pinelands. Wetlands 15(2):183-189.
Evans, R. O. and R. W. Skaggs, 1985. Agricultural water management for Coastal Plain soils.
Published by the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service. Paper AG-355.
Lilly, J. P. 1981. The blackened soils of North Carolina: Their characteristics and management for
agriculture. North Carolina Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin No. 270.
Lutz, H. J., 1940. Disturbance of Forest Soil Resulting from the Uprooting of Trees. Yale University
School of Forestry Bulletin No. 45.
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources. 2006. Water Quality Stream
Classifications for Streams in North Carolina. Water Quality Section, November 2006.
Raleigh, NC.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A Classification of Natural Rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D.L., 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology Books, Pagosa Springs, Colo.
Schafale, M.P. and A. S. Weakley, 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina, Third Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks
and Recreation, NCDEHNR, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Skaggs, R. W. 1980. DRAINMOD Reference Report: Methods for Design and Evaluation of
Drainage-Water Management Systems for Soils with High Water Tables. US Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 329 pp.
Stephens, E. P., 1956. The Uprooting of Trees: a Forest Process. Soil Science Society of America
Proceedings 20:113-116.
Sweet, W.V. and J.W. Geratz. 2003. Bankfull Hydraulic Geometry Relationships and Recurrence
Intervals for North Carolina's Coastal Plain. Journal of the American Water Resources
Association 39(4):861-871.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Wetland Research Program (WRP), 1997. Technical Note VN-RS-4.1.
US Army Corps of Engineers, WRP, July 2000. Technical Notes ERDC TN-WRAP-00-02.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory, 1987. "Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual," Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Exhibits
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Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
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ed Stream Restoration (UT1A -Braided Channel) (3,657 feet)
sed Riparian Wetland Restoration (78.7 acres)
sed Riparian Wetland Enhancement (3.4 acres)
sed Non-Riparian Wetland Restoration (17.3 acres)
rvation Easement (225 acres)
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Appendix 1
Project Site Photographs
Project Site Photographs - UT to Jumping Run Creek
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? { h
' + • vv.

Looking at backwater effects from beaver activity
along existing UT near 30' powerline easement
Looking downstream near beginning of existing
UT at southwest easement area `A'
Project Site Photographs - UT to Jumping Run Creek
a
UT showing cattle access to streambank near
XSC 9 / Sta. 60+75
. 4
JEW,;
?A
4
,4?c 1iN?sAd1 Va"
UT showing hydric soils area and distance to farm
buildings neat XSC 8 / Sta. 64+24
w .
.i ?
At

1 10,
r

channel near XSC 9
UT showing minimal riparian buffer vegetation
UT showing beaver dam activity near XSC 9
UT showing existing culvert and overly widened
UT upstream of culvert crossing under Long
Valley Road near XSC 2
Project Site Photographs - UT to Jumping Run Creek
1
44,
=b1?V, T t tJ ry4' x u x'nRy,1' k .? r+ J _
GivAn A. .iii }y{ „ , M Irr
r V+[??t S,"dam, - ?f h
14
41
°I h. x N J-s rte, f' „' _
"rip
'OW-11
Looking at existing UT from right bank Looking upstream at ditch section near XSC 5
near XSC 2 / Sta. 74+41
Looking downstream at ditch section near XSC 5 Looking at spoil pile and pasture with cattle access
on left bank near XSC 6
ON M
..mb
74-IN; 1
xw=
Looking at ditch section cattle access and spoil pile Looking downstream at ditch section near XSC 6
from channelization near XSC 7
Project Site Photographs - UT to Jumping Run Creek
r y 4
UT showing cattle access to streambank
t
k4l *m
I 4V
.. `6 I it r!F P' !IF
Looking at hydric soils layering along ditch section
near XSC 7

erosion

? F q r SP rt ...
?"?QIS•' t r"t .

eRC
?, tr
t i? _?

Existing pond inflow along southern easement
boundary within parcel area B'

Existing pond outflow
UT showing beaver dam activity and culvert

UT showing overly widened channel with high
width to depth ratio near XSC 1
Appendix 2
Project Site Summary Data, USACE Routine Wetland
Determination Data, Forms & Notification of JD, NCDWQ
Stream Classification Forms, SCS Soil Survey Map, Hydric
Soils Map & Data Forms
C
O
•G
d
N
N
N
O
U
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E
7
N
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7
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U
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N

- w
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U
Y
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0 C U
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m > Q
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2

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Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
Feature Type BKF Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle F 11.1 13.01 0.86 1.45 15.2 2.9 1.3 146.42 149.23
Cross-section X9, UT to Jumping Run Station 60+75
153
151

? 149
o_
R
147
w ..... ....
145
143

0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (ft) - - O - - Bankfull O - - Floodprone
Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
Fe ature Type BKF Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle F 11.2 20.55 0.54 1.02 37.78 4.3 1.2 145.43 148.77
Cross-section X8, UT to Jumping Run Station 64+24
152 .
150

c 148
0

146 -----------------
- --------------
w
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (ft) - - o - - Bankfull O - - Floodprone
Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
Feature Type BKF Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle F 11.1 18.35 0.6 0.87 30.41 4.4 1.1 145.1 148.1
Cross-section X1, UT to Jumping Run Station 67+19
153
152
151
$ 150
149
.2 148
R
147
w 146 ---------------
145 -------------
144
143

0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (ft) 0 - - Bankfull 0 - - Floodprone

Feature Stream
Type
BKF Area BKF
Width BKF
Depth Max BKF
Depth
W/D
BH Ratio
ER
BKF Elev
TOB Elev
Riffle F 11.8 12.13 0.97 1.4 12.47 3.6 1.3 144 147.58
Cross-section X2, UT to Jumping Run Station 74+41
152
151
150
149
$
148
° 147
R
a'i 146
w 145 ...........
144 --------
143
142

0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (ft) o - - Bankfull O - - Floodprone

F
eature Stream
Type
BKF Area BKF
Width BKF
Depth Max BKF
Depth
W/D
BH Ratio
ER
BKF Elev
TOB Elev
Riffle F 11 12.1 0.91 1.17 13.34 5.5 1.3 143.8 149.01
Cross-section X10, UT to Jumping Run Station 73+13
152
151
150
149
w
148
°

Y 147
R
146
w
145
-----------
144 ........
143
142

0 20 40 60 80 100
Station (ft) 0 - - Bankfull 0 - - Floodprone
Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
Feature Type BKF Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle N/A 11 9.44 1.17 1.65 8.08 2.3 1.5 145.5 147.61
Cross-section X3, Ditch Station 12+57
156
154
152

c 150
Y
> 148
a
---
w
146
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Station (ft) - - 0 - - Bankfull 0 - - Floodprone
Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
F eature Type BK F Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle N/A 5.7 6.36 0.9 1.37 7.04 2 2.3 146.1 147.47
Cross-section X4, Ditch Station 9+73
156
154

w 152
c 150
Y
>
148

w
146
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Station (ft) - - 0 - - Bankfull 0 - - Floodprone
Stream BKF BKF Max BKF
Feature Type BKF Area Width Depth Depth W/D BH Ratio ER BKF Elev TOB Elev
Riffle N/A 11 11.25 0.98 1.35 11.49 3.8 1.4 145.67 149.51
Cross-section X5, Ditch Station 20+43
156
154
152

c 150
Y
> 148
a
w 146
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Station (ft) =0- nkfull 0 - - Floodprone

Feature Stream
Type
BKF Area BKF
Width BKF
Depth Max BKF
Depth
W/D
BH Ratio
ER
BKF Elev
TOB Elev
Riffle N/A 11.1 11.03 1 1.83 11 3.2 1.9 146.2 150.17
Cross-section X6, Ditch Station 24+59
156
154
152

c 150
Y
> 148
---------
a
w
146
__
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Station (ft) - - o - - Bankfull O - - Floodprone

F
eature Stream
Type
BKF Area BKF
Width BKF
Depth Max BKF
Depth
W/D
BH Ratio
ER
BKF Elev
TOB Elev
Riffle N/A 11 13.46 0.82 1.47 16.46 3.8 1.4 146.28 150.38
Cross-section X7, Ditch Station 28+39
156

154

Y
W 152

c 150
Y
148
_____

w
146
" '
144
142

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Station (ft) - - o Bankfull 0 - - Floodprone
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(1=1) u01jena13
Pavement/Subpavement Analysis
SITE OR PROJECT: UT to Jumping Run Creek
REACH/LOCATION: UT1 a_Begin Reach / Ditch Confluence
DATE COLLECTED: 7/10/2007
FIELD COLLECTION BY MW, KV
DATA ENTERED BY JB
LARGEST SUBPAVEMENT PARTICLE (mm): 15.00
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Pavement Subpavement
MATERIAL PARTICLE SIZE (mm) 100 ct Bucket (g)
Silt / Clay < .063 74.0
Very Fine 063-125 118.0
Fine 125-.25 346.5
S A N D Medium 25-.50 219,0
Coarse .50-1.0 133.0
Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 32,0
00O Very Fine 2.0-2.8 33.5
03 000 Very Fine 2.8-4.0 26.0
Fine 4.0-5.6 53.5
O Fine 5.6-8.0 49.5
0U Medium 8.0-11.0 34.50
GRAVEL
Medium 11.0-16.0
O ?O Coarse 16 - 22.6
0 0 Coarse 22.6 - 32
Very Coarse 32 - 45
0 ? Very Coarse 45 - 64
00 ( Small 64 - 90
Small 90 - 128
COBBLE Large 128 - 180
00 Large 180 - 256
Small 256 - 362
Small 362 - 512
BOULDER
Medium 512 - 1024
Large-Very Large 1024 - 2048
BEDROCK Bedrock > 2048
L 0 1120
Channel materials
Pavement Subpavement
D16 = #N/A 0.12
D35 = #N/A 0.19
D5o = #N/A 0.3
D64 = #N/A 2.4
D65 = #N/A 6.9
Dloo = #N/A 15.0
d
cc
r
H
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cc
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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ZU83JOd
Pavement/Subpavement Analysis
SITE OR PROJECT: UT to Jumping Run Creek
REACH/LOCATION: UT1b CMP Blowout
DATE COLLECTED: 7/10/2007
FIELD COLLECTION BY MW, KV
DATA ENTERED BY JB
LARGEST SUBPAVEMENT PARTICLE (mm): 30.00
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Pavement Subpavement
MATERIAL PARTICLE SIZE (mm) 100 ct Bucket (g)
Silt / Clay < .063 30.0
Very Fine 063-125 55.0
Fine 125-.25 274.0
S A N D Medium 25-.50 457.0
Coarse .50-1.0 308.0
Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 92,0
00 Very Fine 2.0-2.8 77.0
00
03 000 Very Fine 2.8-4.0 70.5
Fine 4.0-5.6 122.5
O Fine 5.6-8.0 113.0
J 0U Medium 8.0-11.0 73,00
GRAVEL
Medium 11.0-16.0 34.50
O Coarse 16 - 22.6
0 0 Coarse 22.6 - 32 30,00
Very Coarse 32 - 45
0 ? Very Coarse 45 - 64
00 ( Small 64 - 90
Small 90 - 128
COBBLE Large 128 - 180
0C) Large 180 - 256
Small 256 - 362
Small 362 - 512
BOULDER
Medium 512 - 1024
Large-Very Large 1024 - 2048
BEDROCK Bedrock > 2048
L 0 1737
Channel materials
Pavement Subpavement
D16 = #N/A 0.20
D35 = #N/A 0.36
D5o = #N/A 0.6
D64 = #N/A 5.2
D95 = #N/A 10.0
Dloo = #N/A 30.0

-AM

N
U
L
LL
L
n

U U

0
0
r
0
r
9
E
N
N
f?
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0
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CD 0) co r- (O LO I-t M N
r
;U83JOd
Pavement/Subpavement Analysis
SITE OR PROJECT: UT to Jumping Run Creek
REACH/LOCATION: UT1 b CulvertOut
DATE COLLECTED: 7/10/2007
FIELD COLLECTION BY MW, KV
DATA ENTERED BY JB
LARGEST SUBPAVEMENT PARTICLE (mm): 20.00
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Pavement Subpavement
MATERIAL PARTICLE SIZE (mm) 100 ct Bucket (g)
Silt / Clay < .063 38.0
Very Fine 063-125 115.5
Fine 125-.25 394.0
S A N D Medium 25-.50 486.0
Coarse .50-1.0 231.0
Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 59,0
00O Very Fine 2.0-2.8 54.5
03 000 Very Fine 2.8-4.0 54.5
Fine 4.0-5.6 106.5
O Fine 5.6-8.0 94.5
J oU Medium 8.0-11.0 57.50
GRAVEL
Medium 11.0-16.0 14,00
O ?O Coarse 16 - 22.6
0 0 Coarse 22.6 - 32
Very Coarse 32 - 45
0 ? Very Coarse 45 - 64
00 ( Small 64 - 90
Small 90 - 128
COBBLE Large 128 - 180
0C) Large 180 - 256
Small 256 - 362
Small 362 - 512
BOULDER
Medium 512 - 1024
Large-Very Large 1024 - 2048
BEDROCK Bedrock > 2048
L 0 1705
Channel materials
Pavement Subpavement
D16 = #N/A 0.15
D35 = #N/A 0.27
D5o = #N/A 0.4
D64 = #N/A 4.0
D95 = #N/A 7.6
Dloo = #N/A 20.0
a+
7
0
N
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O 0) co r- (O LO co N
r
ZU83JOd
Pavement/Subpavement Analysis
SITE OR PROJECT: UT to Jumping Run Creek
REACH/LOCATION: UT1 b Main Channel Downstream
DATE COLLECTED: 10/7/2007
FIELD COLLECTION BY MW, KV
DATA ENTERED BY JB
LARGEST SUBPAVEMENT PARTICLE (mm): 11.00
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS DATA SHEET
Pavement Subpavement
MATERIAL PARTICLE SIZE (mm) 100 ct Bucket (g)
Silt / Clay < .063 108.0
Very Fine 063-125 114.5
Fine 125-.25 357.5
S A N D Medium 25-.50 372,0
Coarse .50-1.0 216.5
Very Coarse 1.0-2.0 81,0
00 Very Fine 2.0-2.8 72.5
00
03 000 Very Fine 2.8-4.0 73.0
Fine 4.0-5.6 147.5
O Fine 5.6-8.0 102.5
J oU Medium 8.0-11.0 60,50
GRAVEL
Medium 11.0-16.0
O ?O Coarse 16 - 22.6
0 0 Coarse 22.6 - 32
Very Coarse 32 - 45
0 ? Very Coarse 45 - 64
00 ( Small 64 - 90
Small 90 - 128
COBBLE Large 128 - 180
0C) Large 180 - 256
Small 256 - 362
Small 362 - 512
BOULDER
Medium 512 - 1024
Large-Very Large 1024 - 2048
BEDROCK Bedrock > 2048
L 0 1706
Channel materials
Pavement Subpavement
D16 = #N/A 0.14
D35 = #N/A 0.26
D5o = #N/A 0.4
D64 = #N/A 4.4
D65 = #N/A 7.3
Dloo = #N/A 11.0

a?
U
L

LL
L
LL
D(J)
E
U U
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O
O
O
O
r
O
O
O
r
O
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O o O O O O O O O O
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DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT to Jum in r Run Creek Restoration Project Date: 5 22 07
Applicant 1 Owner: NC. Ecosystem Enhancement_ Pro ram a }iP cani j_ County: !C11mberlaDd
The Nature Conservana towner} State: NC
_
investigator: BY ad So her

Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? yes 7X" No (It railed. nonforested
"
is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X headwater wetland
..
(explain on reverse if needed) Transec# ID:
Plot 1D: Wedand_3 2()
ft. inside wetland
norihe(ast U'f fia.-?W3-10.
VEGETATION
Domin t Plant S Pec i 5 ratans Indicator_ Dominant Plaani Species stratum Indicator
1.? junclis effy'shs H FACW+ 9.
2. Pol oratm s " 11 FACW 10.
3. Rann C-uh-is s s f FAG 11.
12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
1fi.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 1€3()°Ir
Remarks: The Pnfygonnni could not he identified to species because it was examined outside of flowering
season. It is most likely one of the following; species: P. punctutairn (FACW+), 11. selaceum (FACW ), 1'- pe-n-ic aria
(FACW) (Radford, Ahles, & Hell, 1983). The Ranuncarlars could not be identified to species but is assumed to have
a facultative rating of FAC or welter because the majority of Ranunculus species found in the Coastal Pkiin have is
ratint, of FAC: or wetter (Radford, Ahles, Bell, 1983).
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other inundated
Saturated in Upper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available N- Water Marks
Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in tipper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: X12 Win.) x Water stained Leaves
J_ Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: 9 (in.) FAC-Neutral Test
_ other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss Drainage Mass: Very poorly drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): epic Umhr4i%j lts__ _ Confirm Mapped Type? Yes, No x
Prottle Description,
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
iinchesl Horizon Wunsell MoisD (Munseli MLD st) _ Abun_gancelContrasl Structure, etc.
0-5 A T IQNR 311
5-12 __B,gl 10YR 3j _
12-18+ 13 2 7.5YR 4/2
loam
clay Loam
--sandy loam
Hydric Soil Indicators:
.? Histosnt Concretions
Histic Epipedon ` High Organic Content in Surfa
Sut#idic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils A"M
N Aquic Moisture Regime X .Listed On Local Hydric Salts List
___ Reducing Conditions x Listed on National Hydric Sails List
x Gleyed or Law-Chrome Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Pedon is mapped as the Deloss series, but it is most like the Torhunta series (Typic Humaquepts verb'
poorly drained). "The Torhunta series is considered a hydric soil series (httlrl soils.usda.g_oy/uselhydric/ accessed
7/11/2007), This Fedor is not Deloss because it tacks an arg llic horizort.
(htt www2.ftw.nres.usd ov/osd/da1`/D/DEL0SS.h1m1 and
http_:Lwww2.ftw,nres.usda.gavfasd/dat=QRHUNTA html accessed 7/11/2007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION

Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes X No Is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Within a Wetland? Yes X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No ?_
Remarks:
*Wetland and surrounding areas experienced historical clearing ditching and draining for use as pasture
and no longer comprise any natural community type described in Classification of the Natural
Communities of Norlh Carolina, Third Approximation (Schalale and Weakley, 1990),.
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)

Project I Site: T to ]um in Run Creek Restoration Project Date: _ 5122107
Applicant I Owner: N Ecos tear Enhancement Program (applicant) County: Cumberland
The Nature nseryanc owner State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther.
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X* No ask ture*
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X Transect ib;
(explain on reverse If needed) Plot ID:Upland
adjacent to wetland 3,
15 ft. beyond flag 3-5.
VEGETAf ibu

Plen S ? 'cues
po a'
LL_

Stratum

Indicator

Dominant Plant Snecies Stratum Indicator
,.
1 uncus g ' s H FACW+ 9.
2.E'upawriurri2apiliifoliA. H FACU 10.
$.Aradro 0 oil G'r inicus 1 H FAC-
.

.Rutts cun'a ' ius
4 HR FAC] 12.
. ?:': ?? ' j: '
;5 13.
6 ..y 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 25 %
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks)
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs
Other
X No Recorded Data Available
Field Observations:
Depth of Surface Water:
Depth to Free Water in Pit:
Depth to Saturated Soil
Remarks:
Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Primary Indicators:
Inundated
Saturated In Upper 12"
_ Water Marks
_ drift Lines
Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
0 t'n•} Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels In Upper 12"
X24 [in.) Water-Stained Leaves
_ Local Soil Survey Data
X24 (in.} FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss Drainage Class: Vera poorly drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): T is l_Imbrt;c uults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No X
Profile Descriotion.
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon (Munsell Mgim) agnstil Moist}, _ Ab ndance C rrirast Structure etc.
t) - 12 A 1()Yl# 2/1
12- 16 AB 10YR 4/2
16-24+ 1310YR SIz
Hydric Soil Indicators:
loam. sand
-sandy loam .
-sanely loam
Histosol Concretions
Histic Epipedon _ Nigh Organic Content in Surfac
Sulfidic Odor _-Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
X Aquic Moisture Regime X Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
__ Reducing Conditions X Listed on National Hydric Soils List
x Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors - Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Pedon is Mapped -is the. Deloss series, but it is most like the Torhunt<i series (Typic 1-lumayuepts; very
poorly drained). The Torhunta series is considered a hydric soil series (lrtt ): soils.usda.ioy use lidri(-accessed
7111/2007). This Pedon is not Deloss because it lacks an argillic horizon.
(hti : w w2.i'tw.nres.usda. ov osd da D F]ELQSS.htm1 and
http Lww w2.ftw nres usda_ov c,sd/dalgffORH!UNTA.litml accessed 7/11/2007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
HYdrophytt.c Vegetation Present? Yes No X is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No X Wl#hin a Wetland? Yes No X
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No
Remarks:
*Area experienced historical clearing and ditching and draining for use as pasture and no longer
comprises any natural community type described in Classification of She Natural Communities of North
Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale and Weakley, 1990).
T
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project
Applicant 1 Owner: NC E st m Enh ncement Pro ram (applicant)
The Nature GonWn a_ncy_(owner)
Investigator: Brad Suther, Dwayne Honeycutt Date: 6/12/07
County: Cumberland
Stater
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes V No degraded, non-forested
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X wet flat in posture*
(explain on reverse if deeded) Transect ID:
Plot ID: Wetland 8.
area enclosed by flag
_s
W8-27 through W8--62.
Data point located 30 ft.
inside wetland between
flags W8-61 and W8-
62.
VEGETATION
0o inn P cies Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator _
1. Juncus e&sus H FACW+ 9.
2. Carex lurida H OBL 10.
3. H drocv le umbellata H OBL 11.
4.5nhagnum sp. H Nl 12.
5. Rhexia sp. H FACW+ 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 80%
Remarks: Rhexia sp. is most likely Rhexia marlana (FACW+),
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks)
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs
Other
X No Recorded Data Available
Field Observations:
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.)
Depth to Free Water In Pit: X12 Win.)
Depth to Saturated Soil: 6 (in.)
Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Primary Indicators:
Inundated
X Saturated in Upper 12"
Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
- Sediment Deposits
- Drainage Patterns In Wetlands
Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
X FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase: Deloss Drainage Class: very poorl?t_clrained
Taxonomy (Subgroup);?Ty icc llmbTa golrs Confirm Mapped Type? Yes- No x
Profile Description,.
Depth Matrix Colors Mettle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
inches Horizon IMunseil Moist) _„ fhtunsell Mo1§11 AbundancefCOgrasi Structure, etc.
Q-12 A 2.5 N
12-24+ f3 10YA 311
Hydric Soil Indicators:
Histosol
Histic Epipedon
Sutfidic Odor
Aquic Moisture Regime
- Reducing Conditions
x_ Gleyed or Law-Chroma Colors
toarn
loam

# il2bb
epnGretlorl5
High Organic content in Surface
Organic Streaking in Sandy Solis
xListed On Local Hydric Soils List
_ x Listed on National Hydric Soils List
__ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Pedon is mapped as the Deloss series, hilt at is most like the Torhunia series (Typic 1)umaclnepis, very
poorly drained). The 'Forhunla series is considered a hyclric soil series (lht . soilsmsda. ovluselhydric/ accessed
7/11/2007). This Peden is not Deloss because it lacks an argillic horizon.
(htl1): www2.fiw.ares.usda.p-ov/osd/datLP DELOSS himl and
htt : ww 2.ftw.nres.usdl ov/osdlclatlT ORHUNl'A.html accessed 7/11/2007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophylic Vegetation Present? Yes X No Is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Within a Wetiand? Yes X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No -
Remarks:
*Welland and surrounding areas experienced historical c3earing and ditching and draining for use as
pasture and no longer Comprise any natural community type described in Classification of the Natural
Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale and Weak ley, 1990).
N
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project/ Site: UT to Jymping Run Creek Restoration Project Date
?LJ2
_
?
Applicant 1 Owner NC Ec-o ystexn,EnhancetncrtPro ream fa €icant)- County: Ct mtrerland

The.Nalure
servancy {owne r. State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suthe.r, Dwayne Honeycutt- - -...._. v_
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? yes No pastwe"
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes _ No X Transect ID:
(explain on reverse It needed) Plat )D: 20 Ft. outside
wetland S heiw vn Fla s
W8-61 anti WS-62.
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Apecies Stratum In is for norninant Plana S ecies Stratam Insticatcr
1, Anctis_&yslo H FACW+ 9.
2, t npytorium eypiltrfnl-in", _ H FACU 10.
3. Ritbys aMians SHR, FACU+ 11.
4. EyIgltu viminey H FAC+ 12.
5. Andropo&yi vtrg rtim H f'AC- 13.
6. 14.
7. 15..
$. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FAC'W', or FAC excluding FAC+ pit?{'lr?

Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other Inundated
Saturated in 'Lipper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available Water Marks
Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: Q
(in.)
_ Secondary Indicators:

Depth to Free Water in Pit: a ] 6in
) Oxidized boots Channels In Upper 12"
. Water-Stained Leaves
_ Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: ->:18 (In.) ? FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss Drainage Class: Very poor drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Umbramults . Confirm Mapped Type? Yes_No X
Profile Description:
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
finches) Horizon (Munsell Moist)(MLjn§ell Nlo stl ... AbundanceXontrast Structure, etc.-
0-9 A JOYR 2!1 _? - --- loam
9- 184 BtL 10YR 5/1
1()YR 4 fi level rominent silly clay
r
-, Ye
i
Hydric Soil Indicators; r ° t ` `•
---- Histosol Concretions X7266
-- Histic Epipedon - High Organic Content in Surface L' M11b a s
Suifidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Solis '-f ?
Aquic Moisture Regime
x -Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions x „Listed on National Hydric Soils List
x Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors _ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: -
Soil is mapped as Deloss but is most like the Rminoke series (Typic Endoacitiults; poorly drained) because it tacks an
umbric epipedon is in the tine textUral gamily class (littp: www2.five.nres,u5cla.g??vl?sclldatlDll]i~1.OSS.lttml an t
htt a: www2.ftw.nres.usda. oV osd dat R ROANOKE.html, accessed 6115197). The Roanoke series is considered n
hydric sail series (littp:flsoils.nsda.gor+luse/liyric, accessed 611512007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
ip'
ti
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No X Is the Sampling Point
Weiland Hydrology Present? Yes No X Within a Wetland? Yes No X
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No
Remarks:
*This area experienced historical clearing and ditching and draining for t.tse as pasture and no longer
comprises any natural community type described in Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina, Third Approximation (Schalale and Weakley, 1990).
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT to lumping Run Creek Restoration Project Date: 6121,107
Applicant 1 Owner: NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (Mplicant) County: Cumberland
The Nature Conservancy (owner] State: NC
Investigator: Brad uther Dwayne Honeycutt
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X' No degraded, non-forested
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X wet flat-in pasturea
(explain on reverse if needed) Transect ID:
Plot ID: Welland 8.
area enclosed by flags
W8-1- W8-26 & W8-63
- W8-75. Data point is
in wetland near W8-5.
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant_Snecies _ Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species_ _ Stratum Indicator
1. Juncus ec`usus H FACW+ 9.
2. Carex lurida. H FACW 10.
3. Polyganu.m sp. H FA W 11.
4. Leonia li?ustrinr _ H FACW 12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8, 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC+ 100 TO
Remarks: The Polygonum could not he identified to species because it was examined outside of flowering season.
It is most likely one of the following species: P. punctatum (FACW+), P. setaceum (FACW), P. persicaria (FACW)
(Radford, Ahles, & Bell, 1983).
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other inundated
i
_ Saturated In Upper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available x Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: - Sediment Deposits
- Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: X18 (in.) x Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: 12 (in.) x PAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Water marks and water stained leaves resulted from backt3ooding from a series of beaver
impoundments on UT to lumping Run. The heaver impoundments were breached in May 2007 to allow for
restoration of UT to Jumping Run.
SOILS
Map Unit Name
{Series and Phase): Qelo.ss Drainage Class: very poor±y drainecl
Taxonomy (Subgroup): l'ypic Urnhra quults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes- No A
Profile Uescrin#ion:
Depth Matrix Colors
{inches)_ H rid zpn (Munselt Mnisg
t1- 11 __ _ A 10'YR 2/1
11 - l I3 1 QYR :3J2
Hydric Soil Indicators:
Mottle Colors Mottle 7exiore, Concrebons,
fMunsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast , structure a c.
lolm
- - sand loarn

N -,!E.

Histosol Concretions
Histic pipedon High Organic Content in Surface Laye
'Pjy
Sutfidic Odor --Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
Aquic Moisture Regime X Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions X Listed on National Hydric Soils List
- Gleyed or Low-Chrome Colors Other explain in Remarks)

G
Remarks: Pedon is mapped as the Deloss series, but it is most like the. Torhunta series (Typic Hurnaluepts; very
poorly drained). The Torhunta series is considered a hydric- soi1 series (hti soils.usda.aov use li dric accessed
7/1112007). This Pedon is not Deloss because it lacks an argrllic horizon.
(lift : www2.ftw.nres.usda. nv tlsdldat?lJ1I]F1OSS_ iitrril and
htjLwww1lw.nres,^usda. ovosd?dal ?lQRHQNTA.htmjazccessed7/11/2007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes Y Na Is the Sampling Point
Weiland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Within a Wetland? Yes ,X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes x No W-
Remarks:
*Wetland experienced historical clearing for use as paStLire and no longer comprises any natural
community type described in Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Third
Approximation (Schalale and Weakley, 1990).
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATiOt4
0987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual]
ProJeet 1 Site: UT lo Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project Date: k/21107
Applicant / Owner: NC Ec s lem Enhancement Pro ram a hcant County: Cumberland
The Natur_e_Conservancy (owner) State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther. Dwayne Haneycutt _
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X* No Pasture*
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X Transect ID:
(explain on reverse if needed) Plot ID: Upland. 10 ft.
north of flaz-WS-5.
VEGETATION,
D-Qmisant Ptard-Spkcles _ _ Stratum Indicator bominant Plant Species Stratum indicator
1. An&=ggn virginicus_ H FAC- 9.
2-Eupatoriuincapillifo[ium H FACT] 10.
3. Festuca W. H FAC- 11.
4..Rub s c nef ohu ? SHR FACU 12.
5.Lyonia dikustrina : '.
^ SHR FACW 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 2O %
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
_ Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12"
.X No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: a18 fin.} Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: alb (in.) FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): De1os.5 Drainage Class:, Very Poorl LQrzine
Taxonomy (Subgroup):Typie Umbras uults Con#itrm Mapped Type? "Yes No X
Profile Descrption:
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
finches) _ Horizon tMunseil MQist]ldtunsell Moist) AbunzncelConirast Structure etc
0-5 A 1l)YR 211 ---- ..•_ loarn
S -- 15 Aka I0YR 312 ----- -_ sandv loam
15-18+ Big 10YR 0/2 1 QYR 5/6 fewj2T()rninent clay
Hydric Soil Indicators:
rr
Histosol Concretions
Histic lrptpedon High Organic Content in Surface A%
Sultidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
x Aquic Moisture Regime X Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions X Listed on National Hydric Sails List
X Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors Other explain in 3lernarks)
Remarks:
Soil is mapped as Deloss but is most like the Crape bear series (Typic, Umhnquults., very poorly drained) hecause it
is in the fine textural gamily class (]tttL);Ilwww2.ftw nres.,usda.povlosldat DJDELOSS.htnil and
1_ ttp. www2.f1w.nres.usda..-ovlosdldat Ct 'ICAPE FEAR.litrnl, accessed 6/15/2007). The C apc Fear series is
considered a hydric sail series ft soiis.usda. ov use h dric accessed 6/15/2(ll)7).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No X Is the Sampiling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No X Within a Wetland? Yes No X
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No
Remarks:
*Area experienced historical clearing for use as pasture and no longer comprises any natural cornmt,rnity
type described in Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation
(Schafale and Weakley, 1990).

DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION-
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT-9-lumping Run Creek Restoration Project Date:_ 5113107
Applicant J Owner: NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (applicant) County: Cumberland
The Nature Conservancy (owner) State: NC
Investigator: Brad uther. DDwayne Honeycutt
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X* No degraded headwater
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X forest wetland"
(explain on reverse it needed) Transect ID:
Plot ID: Wetland 15
'between flags W15-1
and W15-2.
VEGETATION
DOminant Plan! Species Stratum ladicator _ D2rninent Plant Species St a u Indicator
1. Woodx+ardia areolala H ?BL 9.
2. Pol ovum -'s p, H FACW 10.
3. Arundinaria gjggn?'ea SHR FACW 11.
4. Acer'rubrum TT, Sap FAC 12.
S. Pinus t4eda.. T FAC 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC+ 100%
Remarks: The Polygonum could not be identified to species because it was examined outside of flowering season.
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other _ inundated
x -Saturated in Upper 12" _
X No Recorded Data Available Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: _ Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: X12 (in.) Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: 0 (in.) x FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss_ Drainage Class: very Poorly drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Umbraquults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No
Profile deserh on;
Depth Matrix Colors
inches Horizon (Munsell Moist)
-0--6 _ Al 10YR_ 211
6-16 A2 10YR 311
16 -19-F Btg 10YR 711 _
Hydric Soil Indicators:
Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretlons,
Munsell Moi Abund nee C ntras Structure, etc,
°"' ----- sand loam
----- ---- --sandy loam
'°° ----- _-sandy clay loam

d? 0 4 ;?:
:J ?(1
.
Histosol Concretions 0,
Histic Epipedon High Organic Content in 5urfe
Sulfidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soil
x Aquic Moisture Regime XListed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions X Listed on National Hydric Soils List
x Gleyed or Low-Chrome Colors Other tExplain in Remarks)
Remarks: Pedo» is most like the Deloss series.
WETLAND DETERMINATION

SaMpils
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes X No Is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Within a Wetland? Yes X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No `-
Remarks:
* Cattle currently have access to wetland and have disturbed its vegetation, hydrology, and soils through
grazing and soil compaction. The hydrology of the area has also been altered by historical ditching and
draining. Wetland 15 no longer comprises any natural community type described in Classification of the
Natural Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale and Weakley, 1990).
T
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site. T to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Pro'ect Date:_ 6113107
Applicant I Owner: N-C E-ce5,ystern Enhancement Program (applicant) County: Cumberland
The Nature Conservancy (owner) State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther. Dwayne Honeycutt
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X No degraded headwater
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X forest``
(explain on reverse if needed) Transect ID:-
Plot ID: 10 ft. upslope
from Welland 15 at flay
W15-4.
VEGETATION
Dominant PlantSPecles Stratum Indicator DominarriPlarrt-$peciea _ Stratum Indicator
1. _h;sa sylyatica . T FAC 9.
2. Pinus taeda T FAC 10.
3. Araandihoria gi_gan.tea_ SHR FACW 11.
4. ReA_apaca . T. San FAC- 12.
5. Quacus nt gr-a T FAC 13.
6. 14.
7. 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 801,
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: r Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water In Pit: ?1G {in.} Water-Stained Leaves
Local Boil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: X16 (in.) FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
{Series and Phase): Delos Il3rairrar a tvtass: ver Dort drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Ty it Urnhrat cults Confirm Mapped Type's Yes,_ No X
Profile Dascrl flan: -
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors ma"Is Texture, Concretions,
fLnchea) Horiaon IMunsell Moist) (Munsell Moist)M. entrance/Contrast Structure etc
0 - A 2.5N 110YR 2l.1_.._..? ---- - sandy loam
L dl 16+ BI lt3YR 712 _ ___- __t, . Y silyc la
1
CTAM
Hydric Soil Indicators:
.A X...
7266
Hislosol _ Concretions
Hlstic pipedon High Organic Content in Surface La ? ?
Sulfidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
X Aquic Moisture Regime -2L-Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions - xA Listed on National Hydric Soils list
x . Gleyed or Low-Chroma Colors -_ Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
Soil is mapped as Deloss but is most like the Cape L ear series (Typic Umbraquults; very poorly drained) because it
is in the fine textural family class (h!E : www2.ftw.nres.usdat. ov osd dat D DELOSS.html and
h€t : www2.ftw.nres.usdaf. ov osd dat Q Ct1PE FEAR.htrnl, accessed 6/15/2007). The Carpe bear series is
considered az hydric soil series (htlp: soilsmsdai.wv use h dric accessed 6115/2007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes X No Is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No X Within a Wetland? Yes No 7S
Hydric Soils Present? Yes No _
Remarks:
'*Cattle currently have access to area and have disturbed its vegetation, hydrology, and sails through
grazing and soil compaction. Graining and addition of spoil from historic ditching of the unnamed tributary
to Jumping Faun have also altered this upland area. This area no longer comprises any natural community
type described in Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation
(Schafale and Weakley, 1990),
V
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION.
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)

1- R
Project I Site: UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project Date: 5124 & 6/20/2007
Applicant J Owner: NC Ecos stem Enhancement Pro ram A licant County: Cumberland
The Nature Conservancy owner State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community 1D: non-
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X* No forested wetland in
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X fallow agricultural
(explain on reverse If needed) field'
Transect ID:
Plot ID: Wettand 18.
Data pQint_ located 15 ft.
inside wetland SE of
flag W7 8-3.
VEG?TA ION. ;
' la" a CIeS`
Dom, ht P
1. JUKGUS aft sus ;f
ZAndro o ?I s n
4. Ludwi is atterghi Ir
5.
6.
7.
Stratum Indicator Aamirtant Plant Species %ralum Indicator
H FACW+ 9.
H FAC to 10.
OBL Ill.
H FACW+ 12.
H OBL 13.
14.
15.
16.
Remarks: Rhexia sp. is most likely Rhexia mariana (FACW+). Andropogon sp. was not identified to species
but is believed to be one of the Andropogon species that favors wetter sites (facultative ratings range from FAC to
OBL.)
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
_ Other Inundated
xSaturated in Upper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
_ Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: X18 kiln.) Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: 11 (in.) _ FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Observed depth to saturated soil was 11 inches on May 24, 2007. Saturated soil was within 18 inches
of the ground surface on 612012007,
SOILS
Map Unit Game
(Series and Phase : Deloss Drainage Gass; very poorly drained
....
Taxonomy (Subgroup): T is Umbra uaflls Confirm Mapped Type? Yes No. _.x
ro_ a _escrip on:
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
.[ir3rhesl Horizon (MYBseli Moist) Munseii Moist} AbundancelCunjrast Strucluye etc
--
il 10 alp 10YR 2/1 1OYR 4/4L tgw(clistinci loam
_
1€l_-2 0 H1g1 JOYR 4/ 1OYR 4/4 common ciistincl cla
loam
y
2{}... 24+ _ Btg2 IOYR_5/2 _ I0YR 51:9 mLinqy?pfominenl __ Clay
Hydric Soil Indicators:
- Histosol Concretions NL
Histic Epipedon High Organic Content in Surfa5ulfidic (]dor Organic Streaking in Sandy x Agsuic Moisture Regime x Listed On Local Hydric Soils AOMC
?•
Reducing Conditions X Listed on National Hydric Soils List
X Gleyed or Low-+Chroma Colors Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
Soil is mappe(l as Deloss but is most like the cape Fear series (Typic lJmbraEluulls; very P00rly drained) hLCause it
is in the line textural family class (litt : www2.ftw.nres.usda. t)v osd flat D ?ELOSS.litml and
http:ZJwww2.ftw.nres usda.govlosdldatlCICAFE FEAR html, accessed 6115/2007). The Pape pear series is
considered a hydric soil series (hitp Lsoils.usdg2ovluselhydric1 accessed 6/1512007).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes x No Is the Sampling Point
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No Within a Welland? Yes N' No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No _
Remarks:
*Wetland and surrounding areas experienced historical clearing and ditching and draining for use as farm
land and no longer comprise any natural community type described in Classification of the Natural
Communities of North Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale and Weakley„ 1990
*'`Wetland 18 is adjacent to, but does not directly abut, an RPW As such, it requires a significant nexus
determination confirmed by the USACE to determine its jurisdictional status..
X
d
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION.
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT to Jumping- Run Creek Restoration Project Date: 7!2412007
Applicant 1 Owner: _ NC Ecosystem Enhancement Pmgram (Upli_cano- County: Cumberland
The Nature nservanc (owner) State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther
Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID: fallow
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? Yes X$ No war iculturai field'
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X Transect ID:
(explain on reverse if needed) Plot ID: Upland data
point located 10 ft.
outside Wetland 18 SE
of flag W18-14.
VEGETATION-
Dnminent Plant Species, tra um Indicator Dominant Plant Species .. Stratum Indicator
1. Juneus.et uses H FACW4 9.
. Ezipatoi'i?Y;?rr capillifolium H FACT] 10.
3. ` .
? 11.
4. 12.
5. 13.
6. 14.
7.
? 15.
8. 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAC excluding FAC-). 50%
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
Other Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12"
X No Recorded Data Available _ Water Marks
_ Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: X30 {in.) Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: >30 (in.) FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks:
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss Drainage Class: very poorly drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Typic Urnbraquults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes X No-
Profile Descri tion:
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
finches] Horizon (Mu sell Moist) LMunsell Moist] Abunden Contrast Structure
etc
,
. _
0-12 Ap 1 EYR-2 11_- , ----- --- sandy loam
,
12-18 BA 10YR 311 ---- ----- sandy loam
_
.,
18 - 24 Btp? 10YR 412 -- _ . ----- sandv loam
24 - 30+ Ci -- 10YR 412 ----- ----- gravelly sand
CCU
E Sc
- -'? -Off'--? SuT
Hydric Soil Indicators:

- Histosol Concretions
Histic Epipedon _ High Organic Content in Surf c a
_ Sulfidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
x - Aquic Moisture Regime Y, Listed On Local Hydric Soils List r26b
_ Reducing Conditions Listed on National Hydric Soils List
®.?,,,.., G
X Gleyed or Low-Chrorna Colors Other (Explain in Remarks) ?lrl
Remarks:
Pedon is most like the Deloss series.
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No x is the Sampling Point
Wetiand Hydrology Present? Yes _ No 2 Within a Wetland? Yes No X
Hydric Soils Present? Yes 2 No
Remarks:
*Area experienced historical clearing and ditching and draining for use as farm land and no longer
comprises any natural community type described in Classification of the Natural Communities of North
Carolina, Third Approximation (Schafale and Weak)ey, 1994).
V.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
WILMINGTON DISTRICT
Action, Td, SAW-2007-03276
County: Cumberland U.S.G.S. Quad: Manchester
NOTIFICATION OF JURISDICTIONAL DETERM[NATION
Applicant/Property Owner: Mr. Rick Studeumund Ms. Tracy Morris
The Nature Conservancy NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program
Address: 140 SW Broad Street 1652 Mail Service Center
Southern Pines, NC 28388 Raleigh, NC 27699
Phone Number: 910-246-0300 919-715-0476
Property description:
Size (acres) Z50 Nearest Town Spring Lake
Nearest Waterway UT of Jum in Run Creek River Basin Cape Fear
USGS HUC 030300040511 Coordinates N 35.20507 W 78.96778
Location description: The roe is located off of East Manchester Road between Briukle Drive and North Bra
Boulevard north of the Little River, south of Jum in Run Creek north of Spring Lake Cumberland Count North
Carolina.
Indicate Which of the Following Apply:
Based on preliminary information, there may be wetlands on the above described property- We strongly suggest you have
this property inspected to determine the extent of Department of the Arimy (DA) jurisdiction.- To be considered final, a
jurisdictional determination must be verified by the Corps. This preliminary determination is not an appealable action
under the Regulatory Program Administrative Appeal Process ( Reference 33 CFR Part 331).
There are Navigable Waters of the United States within the above described property subject to the permit requirements of
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Unless there is a change in the law or
our published regulations, this determination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this
notification.
X There are waters of the U.S. including wetlands on the above described project area subject to the permit
r uirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act CWA 33.USC 1344. Unless there is a change in the law or
our published regulations, this determination way be relied upon fora period not to exceed rive ears from the date
of this notification.
We strongly suggest you have the waters of the U. S. on your property delineated. Due to the size of your property and/or
our present workload, the Corps may not be able to accomplish this wetland delineation in a timely manner. For a more
timely delineation, you may wish to obtain a consultant. To be considered final, any delineation must be verified by the
Corps.
The wetland on your project area have been delineated and the delineation. has -been verified by the Corps. We strongly
suggest you have this delineation surveyed. Upon completion, this survey should be reviewed and verified by the Corps.
Once verified, this survey will provide an accurate depiction of all areas subject to CWA jurisdiction on your property
which, provided there is no change in the law or our published regulations, may be relied upon for a period not to exceed
five years.
X The waters of the U.S. including wetlands have been delineated and surveyed and are accurate/ depicted on the
lat si ed b the Corps Re ulato Official identified below on Februa 4 2008. Unless there is a change in the
la or our published re ulations this determination may be relied upon fora period not to exceed five ears from
the date of this notification.
_ There are no waters of the U.S., to include wetlands, present on the above described property which are subject to the permit
requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC 1344). Unless there is a change in the law or our published
regulations, this dete nination may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from the date of this notification.
Page 1 of 2
Action ID: 2007µ02757
The property is located in one of the 20 Coastal Counties subject to regulation under the Coastal Area Nlauagement Act
(CAMA). You should contact the Division of Coastal Management in Wilmington, NC at [phone] to determine
their requirements.
Placement of dredged or fill material within waters of the US and/or wetlands without a Department of the Axmy permit may
constitute a violation of Section 301 of the Clean Water Act (33 USC § 1311). If you have any questions regarding this
determination and/or the Corps regulatory program, please contact Ronnie Smith at (910) 251-44829
Basis For Determination: This site exhibits wetland criteria as described in the 1987 Corps Wetland Delineation Manual
and is adjacent to an unnamed tributary of.Ium in Run Creek a tributa of the Little River, which is a traditional
navigable water of the US. The subject water bodies exhibit ordinary high water marks as indicated b the presence of
wrack lines sediment sortin scour bent ve etation and the absence of vegetation in the stream channel.
Remarks: This determination is based on information provided b Baker Engineering NY Inc. and a site visit conducted
on August 7 2007 b Ronnie Smith of the U.S. Arm Cor s ofEn ineers.
Appeals Information: (This information applies only to approved jurisdictional determinations as indicated in B. above)
This correspondence constitutes an approved jurisdictional determination for the above described site. If you object to this
determination, you may request an administrative appeal under Corps regulations at 33 CFR part 331.. Enclosed you will find a
Notification of Appeal Process (NAP) fact sheet and request for appeal (Rl~A) form. If you request to appeal this
determination you must submit a completed. RFA form to the following address:
District Engineer, Wilmington. Regulatory Division
Attn: Ronnie Smith, Project Manager,
Wilrraington Regulatory Field Office
I'D Box 1890
Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
In order for an RFA to be accepted by the Corps, the Corps must determine that it is complete, that it meets the criteria for
appeal under 33 CFR part 331.5, and that it has been received by the District Office within 60 days of the date of the NAP.
Should you decide to submit an RFA form, it must be received at the above address by April 4.200$.
**It is not necessary to submit an RFA form to the District Office. if you do not object to'the determination in this
correspondence."
Corps Regulatory [}fa=cial:
Date: Eebruaa 4,,2008, Expiration Date: F'ebrua 4 2013
Corps Regulatory Official (Initial): RDS
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:.
¦ A plat or sketch of the property and the wetland data form must be attached to the file copy of this form.
• A copy of the "Notification Of Administrative Appeal Options And Process And Request For Appeal" form must be
transmitted with the property owner/agent copy of this form.
If the property contains isolated wetlands/waters, please indicate in "Remarks" section and attach the
"Isolated Determination Information Sheet" to the file copy of this form..
Copy Furnished:
Mr. Brad Suther
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27518
Page 2 of 2
yrr a. r
l $
;
Applicant: The Nature Conservancy- File Number: SAW- Date: February 4, 2008
attn: Mr. Rick Studenmund 2007-03276
NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program-
attn: Ms. Tracy Morris
At tached is: si ed serve See Section below
INITIAL PROFFERED PERMIT Standard Permit or Letter of ernlission A
PROFFERED PERMIT Standard Permit or Letter of erniission B
PERMIT DENTAL C
X APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION D
PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION E

A: INITU L PROF'F'ERED PERMIT: YOU may accept or object to the permit.
• ACCEPT: If you received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization. If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your signature
on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the
permit, including its terms and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
¦ OBJECT: If you object to the pernait (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you may request that the
permit be modified accordingly. You must complete Section H of this form and return the form to the district engineer. Your
objections must be received by the district engineer within 60 days of the date of this notice, or you will forfeit your right to appeal
the permit in the future. Upon receipt of your letter, the district engineer will evaluate your objections and may: (a) modify the
permit to address all of your concerns, (b) modify the permit to address some of your objections, or (c) not modify the permit
having determined that the permit should be issued as previously written. After evaluating your objections, the district engineer
will send you a proffered permit for your reconsideration, as indicated in Section B below.
B: PROFFERED PERMIT: You may accept or appeal the permit
• ACCEPT- Ifyou received a Standard Permit, you may sign the permit document and return it to the district engineer for final
authorization- If you received a Letter of Permission (LOP), you may accept the LOP and your work is authorized. Your signature
on the Standard Permit or acceptance of the LOP means that you accept the permit in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the
permit, including its teams and conditions, and approved jurisdictional determinations associated with the permit.
¦ APPEAL: If you choose to decline the proffered permit (Standard or LOP) because of certain terms and conditions therein, you
may appeal the declined permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by completing Section II of this form
and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer within. 60 days of the date of
this notice.
C: PERMIT DENTAL: You may appeal the denial of a permit under the Corps of Engineers Administrative Appeal Process by
completing Section II of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by the division engineer
within 60 days of the date of this notice.
D: APPROVED JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You may accept or appeal the approved JD or
provide new information.
• ACCEPT: You do not need to notify the Corps to accept au approved JD. Failure to notify the Corps within 60 days of the date of
this notice, means that you accept the approved JD in its entirety, and waive all rights to appeal the approved JD.
• APPEAL: If you disagree with the approved JD, you may appeal the approved JD under the Corps of Engineers Administrative
Appeal Process by completing Section lI of this form and sending the form to the division engineer. This form must be received by
the division engineer witbzn 60 days of the date of this notice.
E: PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION: You do not need to respond to the Corps
regarding the preliminary JD. The Preliminary JD is not appealable. If you wish, you may request an approved
JD (which may be appealed), by contacting the Corps district for further instruction. Also you may provide new
information for further consideration by the Corps to reevaluate the JD.
k. n .,rY x f [ .r .y ? 2 I k tf? ?a= ..XX » v i *i - k -" ?Z {
?
i
REASONS FOR APPEAL OR OBJECTIONS: (Describe your reasons for appealing the decision or your
objections to an initial proffered permit in clear concise statements. You may attach additional information to
this form to clarify where your reasons or objections are addressed in the administrative record.)
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The appeal is limited to a review of the administrative record, the Corps
memorandum for the record of the appeal conference or meeting, and any supplemental information that the
review officer has determined is needed to clarify the administrative record. Neither the appellant nor the Corps
may add new information or analyses to the record. However, you may provide additional information to clarify
the location of information that is already in the administrative record.
PRIMM
If you have questions regarding this decision and/or If you only have questions regarding the appeal process
the appeal process you may contact: you may also contact:
Ronnie Smith Mr. Mike Bell, Administrative Appeal Review Officer
PO Box 1890 CESAD-ET-CO-R
Wilmington, NC 28402 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Atlantic Division
60 Forsyth Street, Room 9M15
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8801 _
RIGHT OF ENTRY: Your signature below grants the right of entry to Corps of Engineers personnel, and any
government consultants, to conduct investigations of the project site during the course of the appeal process. You
will be provided a 15 day notice of any site investigation, and will have the opportunity to participate in all site
investigations.
Date: Telephone number:
Signature of appellant or agent.
For appeals on Initial Proffered Permits and approved Jurisdictional Determinations send this
form to:
District Engineer, Wilmington Regulatory Division, Attn: Ronnie Smith, Project Manager,
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office, PO Bog 1890, Wilmington, North Carolina 28402
For Permit denials and Proffered Permits send this form to:
Division Engineer, Commander, U.S. Army Engineer Division, South Atlantic, Attn: Mr. Mike Bell,
Administrative Appeal Officer, CESAD-ET-CO-R, 60 Forsyth Street, Room 9M15, Atlanta;
Georgia 30303-8841
North Carolina Division of Water Duality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
Date: 519107 Project: UT to Jumping Run Latitude:
Creek
Evaluator: D. Huneycutt Site: Perennial stream A, Longitude:
Stream Form A 1
Total Points: Other
Stream is at least intermittent County: Cumberland e.g. Quad Name: Manchester, NC
if a 19 or perennial if? 30 41
A. Geomorphology Subtotal = 13 Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1 °. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 1
2. Sinuosity 1 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 2 3
5. Activelrelic floodplain 0 1 1 3
6. Depositional bars or benches ? 2 3
7. Braided channel 1 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits 0 2 3
9 a Natural levees 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway 0 0.5 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or MRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No = 0
Yes =
° Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B_ Hvdroloav (Subtotal = 11.5
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 1 2
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel -- dry or growing season 0 1 2
16. Leaflitter ® 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris ? 0.5 1.5
18 - Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 0.5 1
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes =
C:. Riolnav (Stihtotal = 16-5 )
20e. Fibrous roots in channel 2 1 0
21 a Rooted plants in channel 2 1 0
22. Crayfish _
0 0.5 a 1.5
23. Bivalves M 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1
25. Amphibians 0 0.5
_ 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 2
Y `T
28. Iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus. 0 0.5 1 1.5
29 b. Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 SAV = ; Other = 0
Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants, Item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants.
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Macrobenthos included
Sketch-
water boatman, amphipods, riffle beetle
North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
Date: 7124107 Project: UT to Jumping Run Latitude:
Creek
Site: Perennial stream A,
Evaluator: B. Suther Stream Form A 2 Longitude:
Total Points: Other
Stream is at least intermittent County: Cumberland
if a 19 or perennial if a 30 32.5 e.g. {Juad Name: Manchester, NC
A. Geomorpholo y [Subtotal = 14 } Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1 a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 a 3
2. Sinuosity 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 Q 2 3
5. Activelrelic floodplain 0 1 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 3
7. Braided channel 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits _
0 3
9 a Natural levees 1? 2 3
10. Headcuts _ 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway ?W y 0 0.5 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No = 0
Yes =
° Man-made ditches are not rated. see discussions in manual
B. Hvdroloav (Subtotal = 8 )
14. Groundwater flowldischarge 0 1 3
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel_ _ -dry or growing season 0 2 3

r
16. Leaflitter _ 1.5 0,5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0.5 d 1. 5
18. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 0.5 1 -
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes =
C. Bioloav (Subtotal = 14.5 )
20b. Fibrous roots in channel 3 1 0
21 b. Rooted plants in channel _ 3 1 1 0
22. Crayfish -_ --- 0 1 1.5
23. Bivalves 1 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 0.5 1.5
25. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 1 1.5 -
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 3
28. Iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus. 0.5 1 1.5
29b Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL = SAV = 2.0; Other = 0
" Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants, Item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants.
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Feature is perennial. Macrobenthos observed include
waterboatmen and waterstriders. Veg. includes Scirpus
cyper-inus, Carex sp. and Juncus sp.
Feature was historically modified by ditching. Feature has
developed moderately to weakly expressed floodplain, bars
and benches, and bed and bank at this location within the
confines of its ditch.
Sketch:
North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
Date: 519107 project: UT to Jumping Run Latitude:
Creek
Evaluator: D. Huneycutt Site: Feature B, Longitude:
Stream Form B 1
Total Points: Other
Stream is al least intermittnt County: Cumberland
if ? 19 or perennial if? 30 35.5 e.g. Quad Name: Manchester, NC
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal= 10 } Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1 a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 1
2. Sinuosity 1 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 2 3
5. Active/relic Floodplain 0 2 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 1 3
7. Braided channel 3 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 a 3
9 a Natural levees 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway 0.5 1 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No =
Yes = 3
° Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hvdroloav (Subtotal = 10 )
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 1 2
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel -- d or rowing_season_ 0 1 2
16. Leaflitter 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 _ 1 1.5
18. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 ® 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 J? Yes =
C. Bioloav (Subtotal = 15.5 )
2?b. Fibrous roots in channel 2 1 0
21 b. Rooted plants in channel 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 0.5 1.5
23. Bivalves 1 i 2 3
24. Fish ? _
0.5 1
25. Amphibians ? 0.5 _ 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) ? 0.5 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton ? 1 2
28. Iron oxidizing bactedalfungus. 0.5 I 1.5
29 b. Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 SAV = ; Other = 0
Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants, Item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants.
Notes; (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Sketch:
Dragonfly larvae, alnphipods, aquatic beetles
North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
Date: 519107 Project: UT to Jumping Run
Creek Latitude:
Evaluator: D. Huneycutt Site: Feature 2, Longitude:
Stream Form 22
Total Points: Other
Stream is at least intermittent 26 County: Cumberland
e.g. Quad Name: Manchester, NC
if ? 19 or erennlal if ? 30 P - see notes
A. Geomorphology Subtotal = 6 Absent Weak -Moderate Strong
1 a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2
2. Sinuosity 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 1 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 2 3
5. Active/relic floodplain 0 2 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 4 2 3
7. Braided channel 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits 1 2 3
9a Natural levees 1 2 3
10. li eadcuts 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway 0.5 1 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No =
Yes = 3
- Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hvdroloav (Subtotal = T
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 2 3
15. Water in channel and a 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel -- dry or growing season 0 1 2
16. Leaflitter 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0.5 1 1.5
_
18. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0.5 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes =
C. Bialoav [Subtotal = 13 ]
20e. Fibrous roots in channel 2 1 0
21 b. Rooted plants in channel Q 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 1 1.5
23. Bivalves a 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 0 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 0.5 0 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 H 2 3
28. Iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus. 0.5
29 e. Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 SAV = ; Other = 0
Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants, Item 29 focuses on the presence of aquatic or wetland plants.
Notes: (use hack side of this form for additional notes,)
Possible riffle beetle, possible mayfly larvae, dragonfly
larvae, water boatman, leach, midge
Presence of mayfly larvae gives feature "perennial" status
according to NCDWD methodoloizv.
Sketch.
E
Conservation w• ! y E
.inti{
r _ t.
. � .. r r , , ptl.�S��Vh `m•: F. � i45t{' '� � ft;
H'lA t.a
2nd Order Stream, UT to. -
i Jumping Run Creek ',
.�; � r u
.' Air L .
�.
r. 4 u
i , Li
4r_ AIA VDe
to ''
'L'bC� � ala tai
"d
6YtrrC Tara
ab,
"� t
�i
VY't'Fl 6
f aU.''. r• t} s �'' Val
�' �" �' :' �. ��,� . i.�e . [� � . , . . EUA; j''' •. t* ' ar,n
� u
-1
�tr
om° .......
41
S
r Px � ::�s�i�a ,i ;� Cad t 6�' a �r•.;'�.. '�
...r a .�3s . !•'..�.� .. .'-Y ..'.. ..f3a8. I.a:
Sheet 4, Soil Sunray of
Cumberland and Hake
,wr■ker 0 1,000 2,000 pqq Counties, NC
PMrYa: $tyA5:7.yAy$
►m. b,g.3.
e�..i UT to .lumping Run Creek
Restoration Pro9ect

Legend rx Note:
?,;k
o Well Locations fi 3
EvatuatedArea Mapped hydric soils are areas dominated by hydric soils
Protect Boundary that lack wetland hydrology; they do not include jurisdictional
'hr??-
?<r+
jr'r, , wetlands.
wydr.c Soil area r
??. County Boundary ,r •'r
Hydric soil boundaries were identified using hand auger
borings and flagged in the field according to the criteria in
"Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States," version
6.0 (USDA MRCS, 2006). Hydric soil boundaries were located
`. using a combination of Magellan Mobile Mapper Pro GPS
hardware and RTK methodology.
r Ad
?! r. _ 'e.•"sue . .. r 1?

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N
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+OtrAK ??.
126 -?-
8ekar Eegine ". Fit', ireF _
s?.heae 200 zno
8-tlKyPukrn" 0 1,000 2,000 1 LIT toydric Soils Map
Cary, NoeW CNOM 2751 t1 Jumping Rein Creek.
PUa :09:d53.548a Feet
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Appendix 3
Reference Site Photographs
Wetland Reference Site Photographs, On-site Area `D'
3
?tc rit.
? .C

1' YJ? 1 i?.
.u
Photo of reference well, view is to the east
Photo of reference well, view is to the north
Photo of reference well, view is to the west
Photo of reference well, view is to the south
Photo of reference well, view is to the south
Photo of reference well after installation
Appendix 4
Reference Site Summary Data and USACE Routine
Wetland Determination Data
DATA FORM
ROUTINE WETLAND DETERMINATION
(1987 COE Wetlands Determination Manual)
Project 1 Site: UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Project Date: 1 21 1 31200 7
Applicant 1 Owner:_ NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (applicant) 1 The Nature County: Cumberland
Conservancy (owner) State: NC
Investigator: Brad Suther

Do normal circumstances exist on the site? Yes X No Community ID:
Is the site significantly disturbed (Atypical situation)? yes No X Headwater forest
Is the area a potential problem area? Yes No X wetland
(explain on reverse if needed) Transect ID::
Plot ID: Reference
well location
VEGETATION
Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator Dominant Plant Species Stratum Indicator
1. Quercus nizra Tree FAC 9. Gelsemium .sempervirens
I Vine FAC
2. Pinus daeda Tree FAC 10. Osmunda cinnamomeca Vine FACW+
3. Quercu.s niyra Sat? FAC ll.
4. Pinus laeda Sap FAC 12.
5. Acer rubrum Sap FAC 13.
6. Liquidambar sivracillua Sap FAC+ 14.
7. 11ex opaca_ Shr FAC- 15.
8.? Smilax rotundi olia Shr FAC 16.
Percent of Dominant Species that are OBL, FACW, or FAG excluding FAC-). 90%
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
X Recorded Data (Describe In Remarks): Wetland Hydrology Indicators
Stream, Lake, or Tide Gauge
Aerial Photographs Primary Indicators:
_ Other Inundated
Saturated in Upper 12"
No Recorded Data Available Water Marks
Drift Lines
Field Observations: Sediment Deposits
Drainage Patterns in Wetlands
Depth of Surface Water: 0 (in.) Secondary Indicators:
Oxidized Roots Channels in Upper 12"
Depth to Free Water in Pit: 15 (ill.) Water-Stained Leaves
Local Soil Survey Data
Depth to Saturated Soil: 15 (ill.) FAC-Neutral Test
Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Water table was at a depth of approximately 15 inches on December 13, 2007. However, monitoring
well data indicate that the water table at this location was at less than 12 inc, es depth from the ground surface from
March 22 through the end of available data on April 22, 2008, a period of 3 consecutive days (-12 % of the
growing season).
SOILS
Map Unit Name
(Series and Phase): Deloss Drainage Class: very poorly drained
Taxonomy (Subgroup): Tyl2ic Utnbraquults Confirm Mapped Type? Yes- No X
Profile Description
Depth Matrix Colors Mottle Colors Mottle Texture, Concretions,
(inches) Horizon (Munsell Moist) 1Munsell Moist) Abundance/Contrast Structure, etc.
0-7 Ag I OYR 2/1 sandy loam
7- 14 Bg I OYR 4/2 & 512 - sandy clay
14 - 36 BCg_ IOYR 6/1 1OYR 6/3 many/ faint sandy clay
36+ Cg _ 1 OYR 4/2 sand
Hydric Soil Indicators:
_ Histosol Concretions
Histic Epipedon High Organic Content in Surface Layer in Sandy Soils
Sulfidic Odor Organic Streaking in Sandy Soils
x Aquic Moisture Regime _x Listed On Local Hydric Soils List
Reducing Conditions x Listed on National Hydric Soils List
x Gleyed or Law-Chroma Colors Other (Explain in Remarks)
Remarks: Soil satisfies hydric soil indicator F13, utnhric surface (USDA NRCS, 2006). Soil is not the Deloss
series because it lacks an argillic horizon. Soil is most like a variant of the Chastain series (Fluvaquentic
Endoaquepls). It has sandy clay textures in the Bg and BCg horizons, which are slightly coarser than allowed in the
Chastain series' range of characteristics htt _//www2,ftw.nres.usda, ov/osd/datlL/CHASTAIN.html accessed
1/7/08).
WETLAND DETERMINATION
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes X No
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes X No
Hydric Soils Present? Yes X No
Is the Sampling Point
Within a Wetland? Yes X No
Remarks:
9CK
14 E;
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Appendix 5
Hydrologic Gauge Data Summary and DRAINMOD
Analysis Files
DRAINMOD GEN FILE USED TO MODEL THE EXISTING CONDITIONS AT `zUTOWELL 46 - UT TO JUMPING RUN CREEK
RESTORATION PROJECT
*** Job Title ***
Jumping Run AW 6
*** Printout and Input Control ***
1 101 C:\Program Files\DRAINMOD\outputs
*** Climate ***
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\V2 RVSD FAY DUNN RAINFALL.RAI
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\RVSD FAY DUNN TEMP.TEM
2007 1 2007 10 35 77 0
1.65 2.13 2.27 1.84 1.44 1.11 .92 .99 1.05 1.05 1.47 1.29
*** Drainage System Design ***
3 .00
152.00 287.90 11095.00 5.00 8.20 2.00 3.64 30.00
0 0.1 1 1 Eli 0.1 1 1 Eli
0 + ;+ +
0 + ;+ + 3+00
558.00 100.00
1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11,
*** Soils ***
450.0 45.00
61. 1.E 450.10.00 0. .00 0. .00 0. .00
Ti ff bility ***
433 4? 4.4 1.2 2.0
1-351-- 4.4 1.2 2.0
*** Crop
.19U
3151115 30.00
3151115
17
1 1 3.00 311 11.00 321 15.00 331 15.00 429 15.00 5 2 3.00 6 3 3.00 612 3.00
628 7.00 716 7.00 8 2 25.00 819 33.00 827 35.00 9 6 36.00 920 21.00 926 6.00
1231 3.00
*** Wastewater Irrigation ***
0 1 1 10 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.00000 1.00000 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40
WET *** Wetlands Information ***
1
67 326
30.0 13
COM *** Combo Drainage Weir Settings ***
FIE *** Fixed Avg Daily PET for the month(cm) ***
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
MRA *** Monthly Ranking ***
0
FAC *** Daily PET Factors ***
0
AQH *** Time series of aquifer head ***
STM *** Soil Temperature ***
ZA ZB TKA TKB TB TLAG TSNOW TMELT CDEG LICE
.000 .000 .000 .000 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Initial Soil Temperature
0
Initial snow depth(m) & density(kg/m3)
.00 .00
Freezing characteristic curve
0
00 .00
DRAINMOD GEN FILE USED TO MODEL THE EXISTING CONDITIONS AT AUTOWELL 410 - UT TO JUMPING RUN
RESTORATION PROJECT
*** Job Title ***
Jumping Run AW 10
*** Printout and Input Control ***
1 101 C:\Program Files\DRAINMOD\outputs
*** Climate ***
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\V2 RVSD FAY DUNN RAINFALL.RAI
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\RVSD FAY DUNN TEMP.TEM
2007 1 2007 10 35 77 0
1.65 2.13 2.27 1.84 1.44 1.11 .92 .99 1.05 1.05 1.47 1.29
*** Drainage System Design ***
3 .00
183.00 257.67 7651.00 .00 8.20 .00 4.15 30.00
0 0.1 1 1 Eli 0.1 1 1 Eli
0 + ;+ +
0 + ;+ + 3+00
610.00 100.00
1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11,
*** Soils ***
450.0 45.00
15. 1.E 99. .02 450.10.00 0. .00 0. .00
Ti ff bility ***
433 4? 4.4 1.2 2.0
1-351-- 4.4 1.2 2.0
*** Crop
.19U
3151115 30.00
3151115
17
1 1 3.00 311 11.00 321 15.00 331 15.00 429 15.00 5 2 3.00 6 3 3.00 612 3.00
628 7.00 716 7.00 8 2 25.00 819 33.00 827 35.00 9 6 36.00 920 21.00 926 6.00
1231 3.00
*** Wastewater Irrigation ***
0 1 1 10 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.00000 1.00000 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40
WET *** Wetlands Information ***
1
1 365
30.0 13
COM *** Combo Drainage Weir Settings ***
FIE *** Fixed Avg Daily PET for the month(cm) ***
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
MRA *** Monthly Ranking ***
0
FAC *** Daily PET Factors ***
0
AQH *** Time series of aquifer head ***
STM *** Soil Temperature ***
ZA ZB TKA TKB TB TLAG TSNOW TMELT CDEG LICE
.000 .000 .000 .000 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Initial Soil Temperature
0
Initial snow depth(m) & density(kg/m3)
.00 .00
Freezing characteristic curve
0
00 .00
DRAINMOD GEN FILE USED TO MODEL THE WATER BALANCE AT THE UT TO JUMPING RUN RESTORATION PROJECT SITE
*** Job Title ***
JR Water Balance
*** Printout and Input Control ***
2 100 C:\Program Files\DRAINMOD\outputs
*** Climate ***
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\V3 RVSD FAY DUNN RAINFALL.RAI
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\RVSD FAY DUNN TEMP.TEM
1949 1 2006 12 35 77 0
1.65 2.13 2.27 1.84 1.44 1.11 .92 .99 1.05 1.05 1.47 1.29
*** Drainage System I si**
1 .00
5.00 177. 4. 8.20 4.00 2.53 30.00
0 +
0 0. 1+ 0.1 1 1 E+00 0.000000E+00
0 1+ w O.Uuw w E+00 0.000000E+00 0.000000E+00
396.00 100.00
1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100
*** Soils ***
450.00 2.20
61. 1.C'? J50.10.00 0. .00 0. .00 0. .00
99 .C
*** Ti ff bility ***
433 4_ 4.4 1.2 2.0
12351235 4.4 1.2 2.0
*** Crop
.190
3151115 30.00
3151115
17
1 1 3.00 311 11.00 321 15.00 331 15.00 429 15.00 5 2 3.00 6 3 3.00 612
628 7.C 716 7.00 8 2 25.00 819 33.00 827 35.00 9 6 36.00 920 21.00 926
1231 3.C
*** We r Irrigation ***
0 1 1 10 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.00000 1.00000 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40
WET *** Wetlands Information ***
1
67 326
30.0 30
COM *** Combo Drainage Weir Settings ***
FIE *** Fixed Avg Daily PET for the month(cm) ***
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
MRA *** Monthly Ranking ***
1
FAC *** Daily PET Factors ***
0
AQH *** Time series of aquifer head ***
STM *** Soil Temperature ***
ZA ZB TKA TKB
.000 .000 .000 .000
Initial Soil Temperature
0
Initial snow depth(m) & density(kg/m3)
.00 .00
Freezing characteristic curve
0
3.00
6.00
.40
.00 .00 .00
TB TLAG TSNOW TMELT CDEG LICE
.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
DRAINMOD GEN FILE USED TO MODEL THE RESTORED CONDITIONS FOR NONRIPARIAN WETLAND AREAS - UT TO
JUMPING RUN CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
*** Job Title ***
Jumping Run RC Nonriparian wl
*** Printout and Input Control ***
2 100 C:\Program Files\DRAINMOD\outputs
*** Climate ***
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\V3 RVSD FAY DUNN RAINFALL.RAI
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\RVSD FAY DUNN TEMP.TEM
1949 1 2007 12 35 77 0
1.65 2.13 2.27 1.84 1.44 1.11 .92 .99 1.05 1.05 1.47 1.29
*** Drainage System Design ***
3 .00
152.00 287.90 11095.00 5.00 8.20 2.00 3.64 30.00
0 0.1 1 1 Eli 0.1 1 1 Eli
0 + ;+ +
0 + ;+ + 3+00
558.00 100.00
1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11,
*** Soils ***
450.0 45.00
61. 1.E 450.10.00 0. .00 0. .00 0. .00
Ti ff bility ***
433 4? 4.4 1.2 2.0
1-351-- 4.4 1.2 2.0
*** Crop
.19U
3151115 30.00
3151115
17
1 1 3.00 311 11.00 321 15.00 331 15.00 429 15.00 5 2 3.00 6 3 3.00 612 3.00
628 7.00 716 7.00 8 2 25.00 819 33.00 827 35.00 9 6 36.00 920 21.00 926 6.00
1231 3.00
*** Wastewater Irrigation ***
0 1 1 10 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.00000 1.00000 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40
WET *** Wetlands Information ***
1
67 326
30.0 13
COM *** Combo Drainage Weir Settings ***
FIE *** Fixed Avg Daily PET for the month(cm) ***
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
MRA *** Monthly Ranking ***
1
FAC *** Daily PET Factors ***
0
AQH *** Time series of aquifer head ***
STM *** Soil Temperature ***
ZA ZB TKA TKB TB TLAG TSNOW TMELT CDEG LICE
.000 .000 .000 .000 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Initial Soil Temperature
0
Initial snow depth(m) & density(kg/m3)
.00 .00
Freezing characteristic curve
0
1.00 1.00
DRAINMOD GEN FILE USED TO MODEL THE RESTORED CONDITIONS FOR RIPARIAN WETLAND AREAS - UT TO JUMPING
RUN CREEK RESTORATION PROJECT
*** Job Title ***
JR Riparian wl simulation 1
*** Printout and Input Control ***
2 100 C:\Program Files\DRAINMOD\outputs
*** Climate ***
1 C:\PROGRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\V3 RVSD FAY DUNN RAINFALL.RAI
1 C:\PRnnRAM FILES\DRAINMOD\WEATHER\RVSD FAY DUNN TEMP.TEM
1950 1 1 35 77 0
1.65 z.13 2.27 1.84 1.44 1.11 .92 .99 1.05 1.05 1.47 1.29
*** Drair System Design ***
3 .00
32.00 295.41 6100.00 5.00 8.20 5.00 3.38 30.00
0 0.1 1 1 Eli 0.1 1 1 Eli
0 + ;+ +
0 + ;+ + 3+00
396.00 100.00
1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11, 1100 1100 1100 11,
*** Soils ***
450.0 10.00
61. 1.E 450.10.00 0. .00 0. .00 0. .00
Ti ff bility ***
433 4? 4.4 1.2 2.0
1-351-- 4.4 1.2 2.0
*** Crop
.19U
3151115 30.00
3151115
17
1 1 3.00 311 11.00 321 15.00 331 15.00 429 15.00 5 2 3.00 6 3 3.00 612 3.00
628 7.00 716 7.00 8 2 25.00 819 33.00 827 35.00 9 6 36.00 920 21.00 926 6.00
1231 3.00
*** Wastewater Irrigation ***
0 1 1 10 1 6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.00000 1.00000 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40 .40
WET *** Wetlands Information ***
1
67 326
30.0 22
COM *** Combo Drainage Weir Settings ***
FIE *** Fixed Avg Daily PET for the month(cm) ***
.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00
MRA *** Monthly Ranking ***
1
FAC *** Daily PET Factors ***
0
AQH *** Time series of aquifer head ***
STM *** Soil Temperature ***
ZA ZB TKA TKB TB TLAG TSNOW TMELT CDEG LICE
.000 .000 .000 .000 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
Initial Soil Temperature
0
Initial snow depth(m) & density(kg/m3)
.00 .00
Freezing characteristic curve
0
00 .00
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 1
20.0
10.0
0.0
c
v
v -10.0
J
Gl
f6
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 2
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
10.0-
>N
-20.0 J
-30.0
-40.0-
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 3
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
10.0-
>N
-20.0 J
-30.0
-40.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 4
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
10.0-
>N
-20.0 J
-30.0-
-40.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 5
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
-10.0-
J
>N
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 6
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
10.0-
J
>N
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 7
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
_10.0-
20.0 >v --30.0
-40.0
-50.0
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 8
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
_10.0-
20.0 >v -_30.0-
-40.0- -50.0-
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 9
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
_10.0-
20.0 >v -_30.0-
-40.0- -0
-50.0-
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run Pre-Restoration
Automatic Well 10
20.0
10.0-
0.0-
10.0-
>N
-20.0 J
-30.0--
-40.0-
6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run On-site Reference Well
20.0
10
0-
.
0
0-
.

10
0-
.
N
0 >
-20
.
-30
0-
.
-40.0
7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Jumping Run On-site Automatic Rain Gauge
3
Automatic rain gauge installed on 8/16/07
N
2
?
U
C
w

0

6/27/2007 7/27/2007 8/26/2007 9/25/2007 10/25/2007 11/24/2007
Date
Appendix 6
Natural & Cultural Resources Correspondence & Recorded
Conservation Easement Deeds
aker
hale Suiter May 2, 2007
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Raleigh Field Office
P,O. Box 33726
Raleigh, NC 27636
Subject: EEP Stream & Wetland mitigation project in Harnett and Cumberland Counties.
Dear Mr. Suiter,
The UT to Jumping Run Creek site in the Cape Fear River Basin has been identified for
the purpose of providing in-kind mitigation for unavoidable stream channel impacts..
Several sections of channel have been identified as significantly degraded.
We have already obtained an updated species list for Harnett and Cumberland Counties
from your web site (littp://nc-es.fws.goy/es/countyfr.html). The threatened or endangered
species for this county are: the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), Red-
cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), Saint 1~rancis' satyr butterfly (I? eonympha
mitchellii francisci), American chaffseed (Schwalhea americana), Michaux's sumac,
(Rhos michataxii), Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia), and Rough-leaved loosestrife
(Lysimachia ras perulaefolia).
We are requesting that you please provide any known information for each species in the
county. There is known habitat for the Red-cockaded woodpecker approximately 1 mile
of the project area, however there are no suitable pine trees within the area of disturbance
for the proposed project. The Rough-leaved loosestrife has been located within the
Manchester USGS Quadrangle. No other species listed as federally threatened or
endangered were listed for that quadrangle according to the Natural Heritage Program
database.
Please provide comments on any passible issues that might emerge with respect to
endangered species, migratory birds or other trust resources from the construction of a
wetland and/or stream restoration project on the subject property. A vicinity map and a
USGS map showing the approximate areas of potential ground disturbance are enclosed.
If we have not heard from you in 30 days we will assume that our species list is correct,
that you do not have any comments regarding associated laws, and that you do not have
any information relevant to this project at the current time. We will contact USFW S if
suitable habitat for any of the County-listed species is found within the project study area.
We thank you in advance for your timely response and cooperation. Please feel free to
contact us with any questions that you may have concerning the extent of site disturbance
associated with this project.
Sincerely,
ChallengeUs.
Ken Gilland
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27511,
Phone: [phone], Email: k illand mbakerco .corn
cc:
Tracy Morris
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Chalk OUS.
John Gagnon 6113/2007
Resource Sail Scientist
USDA-MRCS
Edenton Soil Survey Office
730 N. Granville St.
Edenton, NC 27932
Subject: Prime and Important Farmland Soils RE: NCEEP On-Call Project, UT to
Jumping Run Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration Site, Cumberland
County, NC
Dear Mr. Gagnon:
Thank you for your assistance in completing a Farmland Conversion Impact Rating forth
for the subject site. Enclosed please find a copy of the final form, site and locations
mapping, and a soils map of the project site. I will be happy to make any changes to the
form that you deem appropriate, just let me know. Our Fax number is [phone]
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at [phone] or
[e-mail]. Again, we appreciate your assistance in this matter.
Sincerely,

Ken Glland
Environmental Scientist
Buck Engineering
A Unit of Michael Baker Corporation
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27511
cc:
Tracy Morris
1552 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
cmilwWUS.
u.s. Depaiyllw of Aarleulture
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATI140
pART 1 (ro ba coMfored by F'ewal Aparnoy) nor. nr land anvoz?aaon f uver 107
Pro*3 UT To Jumping Run Ct**k
Floposed Land Uae Skosm Roatvretlon Caul
DIM
OAR 11 70 tr19 co by ARM
bogie the a" conti in Orlms, U10W? atteWid
l I I,? Ql Q
(it rrq Me FPPA dyed not epp1Y
'or
. raps C 'k jv rwmaao ? , In aavz,
f)
- IVan? 9ka
Mama a Land L1y*x Ian B)wM A0.
?WA AI$0R'4 --.-Lis - IV;b NG
PART III (To be oaa? by Fed" AWcy)
A_ Tnt'dl A s To Be Converted Oregfttr
B. Total Acme To Ba Comorted IfWNQQW
_ C Total Aaree In AM
saART IV [ro be camyaldCd4 C9)' f:e?ld visitel7sffon lnrolrn tlctl
' A.:?ote1 Acres pi?e;Mai lJr,lgkM ?arlglaxld _ .. ,
4°MY lr"W FHWA
' 44" Gumberisnd, NC
wenFracolvecl ?+ law ' ? r ? ? 4 ? ' , • 4?
Yim - • No ' Ael" fifty • Aviri" Farm Size
rl]c ®. ? d • r
laic Anwrrrt Ot Farmlana As oa6ned in FRPA, .
Amv= -.11611.647 % ?.?
3y?laiffl nal..Land Ern tzlaeimed D/ 06
1.!$ 7 Igh.,... 0.4 0.0 _
•r^
C. Percent inland IrrCotr a Laosl Qgvt Ufld 7? . '09
?• ?Pereern d F !n OoN. ;lilliShcalfAf M ?r HI ar. fi YAiIiIB
PART V (To he C4 1011 AW4RC9],- -Lado.11L u n (~Oooan .
.

stwd a ref 0.ro l
HaTa*6 value Farmland Ta Be
st.

da
PART V! (To be oom "od by FadlerelAgafty) MwMun
Albs Ao wgment C* wk 0AWS 01+7e1br an aagpdahwrlirr T f R89e,9?M PoInIF
-__7 Aram in Ivorairban'Use U
2. Parimezer In Nonu en Use

3, Percent Of Site Agin Farmed _
`
d. Protemba ProMptil State And Local Government Z47
IL 01summ From LWW 8 tup Area
?B, 6-w-9 Ce To Lkbnsa su $e vi
7. Size 01 Pn m,r Farm Unit Cam ed To Ave a to
S. Or0lltlon Of Nonfermable Farmhrnd
9. Avallab Of Form Supp?d cos
10, 011•FSYM I"Getmersrs
i f , Effeota Of Canvarsinn On Farm SUPOW Icas
_
18. C iblil With e4odno Agricultural Lisa
TOTAL SITE AGOWSMENT POINTS t
PAW VII ITa be com Waned by ForatwWAgewy)
- i*}a W Vefue Of Farmland (Fran Part 411 7100
? Sft ent (Fhw aft orakcal lee

TOTAL POINTS (7b18)a1AWVe if finial Hsu

000 Of Selection
Site Selected:
A
Wasson Far Ballagan:
511,Altol gee, fV(dFrl, C.brf,1or
0 0 0
a o Q
WQS A Largf 5?h liase> ffoot Used?
?? v No ?Y
•...? Po?nr AO?teDO ?1?
134+ Nrah w0znmran mvwaa WO)
,Ala pw?ryunrpr?elo?ar wea?1 r+oduown a.?. SraN

U.S. 04p8eurl6nt Of AgrtaulWre
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
PART I (ro be wmpleted by Feaer al Agewy) Data Of Land evatuatlon F lowest 512107
Nam Of Project UT To Jumping Run Creak Federal Agency lnv&W FHWA
Proposed Land Uari SkQQM Relftradon County And Stake Cumbeftrid, NC
DART It (To ba c?anplated by NRCSY Ot#aj Rdwesi•Racetved ®y NAC$ -r-7 _
4
077' -A
Does the Wife cprttdiri prlrrie, unique slatei 1de or local ll?ant ?irrnlefnd? Yes - - . No
(1f rro, the FPPA does slot apply -- a} nor c?amplate Add (,parts; of•fhf* tcarttr) . ®. _ ? trrtgatad. Avarrga Fenn Size
?e ^? r ??
Mvr Cropts) Farm" 40 In'Liov. Aftsaw IlMWnt CH Farmland As D048d in FRPA
-.S Z Acres: t q . 6?.7 % sZ_ 4
NeMa ?! lgnd ?+reliuaHwr k?ySlOrn Ua Nww Of WO Sim Aasesnmer+l•SAGM Date Land EWaa awkn RewMed Sy MES •
N:t3 /6 '07
.1 - Site Paina
PART III (7ro W compleW by Federal A goncY) v
s Site C sna n
A. ToI;LI Acres To Be Converted MO
B. Total Acme To Be Converted Ind
0. Total Acme In 51te 0.0 0.0 0.0
PART IV (robe COrrrpl?W+ayltpFiQS)' rI 41'64 A" It116?mAtldn
A. J*1e1 AOree Ptlrne:Artd Farmland .
97Toota1 Acres Statewide And Loral Important Farmland
C, Percent FWmWnd In-County Or Locat GoO, Unit Tv ge COAVCrt6d . , C
D. Persern OI Farrln?utd In Govt. ;lurisdldttin WIlh ;3t+ir? D? H( ar• AelaGi?e Vttl+ie
PART V (To he conrtel#d by. (VRCB)•- -Lariid•>Evolu 9n G'ritarlon

21 Farmland To Be Curarart cl $ffala of o.to IW Aorrr -
f?e?ibrs Value

'? :A +

0

n q
PAAT VI (To be completed by FaderelAgafty)
5ita Asow ment Crkeria {rhme Criteria are wrplalrwdia7CFR6".5(14 Mmimu rn
Polrllq
S. Area In Nonurban•U9e
2. Parimeter In Nanurban Uaa
3. Percent Of Site Bain Farmed `-
d. Protection Provided State And Local Government zv
5. UsWnw From Urban BLriltup Aras
Dlftnte To Urban 5U $arvlces
7. Size Qt Present Form Unit Compared To AvOra e O
e. Croatlon Of Nonfarmable Farmland
9. Avetilablh ?f Form Snap art Smim
_ 10. On•Fwp Ir+veBtmenia
11, Eflacts of ConvarWon On Farm Su Servlcea

iblit With Ui Ang Agricultural Uso
12. Con"
TOTAL SITE ASSUSIMENT POINTS 1 7 z 0 0 0.
I'PART Vx (To ber completed by Fdldaml Agency)
Rglat" Value Of rarrmland (From Part N1 100 0 0 0
Total Site Ammsment (FMM Parr V1 sbmw ara local
00 da11894rrrRR1 160 p 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (rotalofabove 21fnftJ 260 0 17 0
was w uooa+ toe r?aeaemem usea•r cr?
Sit-- 5alaged: Oats Of Selection Y6s (3 No
Fiasson For 3eWtion_ I f
? '?rrnltti f?rdfr6? ? ?r-?r 1?'r

(Set H'rahwtimm our reverae OW) Perm Ail-1006 (10-
-ms Own we# 6140wiaedly pro0ow:by Nr r1w rim"" S+rlwa $140
Oaker
Mr. John M. Ray, Jr. May 2, 2007
District Conservationist
Charlie Rase Agri-Expo Center
301 East Mountain Drive
Fayetteville, NC 28306-3422
Subject: Prime and Important Farmland Soils RE: NCEEP On-Call Project, UT to
Jumping Run Stream and Wetland Restoration Site, Cumberland County,
NC
Dear Mr. Ray:
The purpose of this letter is to request your assistance in completing a. Farmland
Conversion Impact Rating form for the subject site. Enclosed please find a copy of the
form, site and locations mapping, and a soils map of the UT to Jumping Run site.
For this stream and wetland restoration site, the total disturbed area is estimated at 146.8
acres. Of that total, 73.2 acres are Deloss loam; 48.5 acres are Pactolus loamy sand; 17.3
acres are Roanoke and Wahee sands; 2.1 acres are Altavista fine sandy loam soils, 0 to 3
percent slopes; 0.6 acres of Tarboro loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes; 0.1 acres of
Wickham fine sandy loam soils, 1 to 6 percent slopes, and less than 0."l acres of Candor
sand, I to 8 percent slopes. Based on our review, the Deloss loam is Prime farmland if
drained (as is the case with this site); and other Prime Farmland soils include The
Altavista fine sandy loam, and the Wickham fine sandy loam.. The Roanoke and Wahee
sands are Farmland of Statewide Importance. Therefore, the total acreage of Prime and
Important Farmland directly converted was determined to be 97.7 acres.
We know that you have greater familiarity with farmland issues in this area than we do,
and we will be happy to mare any changes to the form that you deem appropriate. Please
return to form to us with your determinations and we will fill out the rest of the form if
needed. Our Fax number is [phone].
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at [e-mail] or
by phone at [phone]. Thank you for your assistance in this matter.
Sincerely,
Ken Gilland
Environmental Scientist
Buck Engineering
A Unit of Michael Baker Corporation
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27511
ChalhmjeUs.
cc:
Tracy Morris
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Charm„ "Us.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
PART I (To be completed by Federal Agency) Dale Of Land Evaluation Request 512107
Name Or Project UT To Jumping Run Creek Federal Agency Involved FHWA
Proposed Land Use Stream Restoration County And State Curnbedand, NC
PART II (To be completed by MRCS) Date Request Received By NRCS
Does the site contain prime, unique, statewide or local important farmland? Yes No
(if no, the FPPA does not apply -- do not complete additional parts of this form). ? ? Acres Irrigated Average Farm Size
Major Crop(s) Farmable Land In Govt. Jurisdiction
Acres: % Amount Of Farmland As Defined in FPPA
Acres: %
Name Of Land Evaluation System Used Name Of Local Site Assessment System Date Land Evaluation Returned By NRCS
Alternative Site Rating
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency) Site A Site B site C Site D
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly 1. Z
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly
C. Total Acres In Site 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland
C. Percentage Of Farmland In County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted
D. Percentage Of Farmland In Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value
PART V (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Criterion
Relative Value Of Farmland To Be Converted (Scale of 0 to 100 Points) 0 0 0 0
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency)
Site Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(b) Maximum
Points
1. Area In Nonurban Use
2. Perimeter In Nonurban Use
3. Peroent Of Site Being Farmed
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government
S. Distance From Urban Builtup Area
6. Distance To Urban Support Services
7. Size Of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average
8. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland
9. Availability Of Farm Support Services
10. On-Farm Investments
it. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services
12. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use
TOTAL SITE ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0 0 0 ?
PART Vli (To be completed by Federal Agency)
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V) 100 0 0 ?
Total Site Assessment (From Part VI above or a focal
site assessment) 16D ? 0 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines) 260 0 0 o 0

Site Selected:
Date Of Selection Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
Yes El No d
Reason For Selection:
(See IrratrucNons an reverse side) Form AD-1006 (10-53)
TWs form was eleclroN"Iy produced by Natlonal Produnlon Services SW
??ker
Shannon Deaton May 1, 2007
North Carolina Wildlife Resource Commission
Division of Inland Fisheries
1721 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Subject: EEP stream & wetland mitigation project in Cumberland County.
Dear Ms. Deaton,
The purpose of this letter is to request review and comment on any possible issues that
might emerge with respect to fish and wildlife issues associated with a potential stream
restoration project on the attached site (vicinity map and USGS site neap with
approximate areas of potential ground disturbance are enclosed).
The UT to Jumping Run site in the Cape Fear River Basin has been identified for the
purpose of providing in-kind mitigation for unavoidable stream channel impacts. Several
sections of channel have been identified as significantly degraded.
We thank you in advance for your timely response and cooperation. Please feel free to
contact us with any questions that you may have concerning the extent of site disturbance
associated with this project.
Sincerely,
'_A
Ken Gilland
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27511,
Phone: [phone], Email: kizilland(& bakercorp cam
cc:
Tracy Morris
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
Cft1h"WUS_
Oaker
Renee Gledhill-Earley
State Historic Preservation Office
4617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4617
Subject: EEP stream mitigation project in Cumberland County.
Dear Ms. Gledhill-Earley,
May 1, 2007
The Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) requests review and comment on any
possible issues that might emerge with respect to archaeological or cultural resources
associated with a potential stream restoration project on the attached site (a vicinity map,
DSGS site map with areas of potential ground disturbance, and a soils map are enclosed).
The Unnamed Tributary to Jumping Run site has been identified for the purpose of
providing in-kind mitigation for unavoidable stream channel and wetland impacts. The
project will involve the restoration of an unnamed tributary and prior converted wetlands
in the Cape Fear River Basin, which include sections of channel that are identified as
significantly degraded. Project goals include the restoration of approximately 3,000
linear feet of stream channel and 70 acres of wetlands for the purpose of obtaining stream
and wetland mitigation credit in the Cape Fear River Basin. It is assumed that Priority 1
restoration activities will be undertaken for the project's streams and wetlands.
Portions of the site may be associated with the Long Valley Farm Historic District
(District No. 94000032). No map of the district is available in the KRIS database, but the
description appears to place the district near the project area. While there are no
structures in the potential area of site disturbance, landowner interviews indicate that
prehistoric artifacts including projectile points have been found in the project area.
The majority of the site has been disturbed by agricultural practices such as tilling. The
tributary appears to have been straightened for agricultural purposes during the last few
hundred years. As the enclosed aerial photograph shows, the majority of the area within
the construction limits of the site consists of floodplain, farmland, or straightened stream
channel. As the enclosed topographic map shows, the channel and floodplain through the
project area are flat, with an average slope of approximately 0.2 percent.
We ask that you review this site based on the attached information to determine the
presence of any historic properties. Thank you in advance for your timely response and
cooperation. Please feel free to contact us with any questions that you may have
concerning the extent of site disturbance associated with this project.
Sincere
en illand
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200

Q.
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Peter B. Sandbtck, Administrator
Michael F. Easley, Governor
Lisbeth C. Evans, Secretary
leffrcy J. Crow, Deputy Secretary
May 15, 2007
Ken Gilland
Baker Engineering NY, inc.
8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27511
Office of Archives and History
Division of Historical Resources
David Brook, Ditector
Re: Ecosystem Enhancement Program, Stream Mitigation, Jumping Run Site, Cumberland County, ER 07-0963
Dear Mr. Gilland:
Thank you for your letter of May 1, 2007, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a search of our reaps and files for this project. As your letter indicates, the project is located.
within the Tong Valley Historic District, listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
We recommend that you arrange an Effects Meeting with our office to discuss the potential impacts this project
may have upon the Long Valley Historic District. Please provide preliminary project plans at the meeting.
We are providing you a copy of the National Register Long Valley Historic District site map of the property for
your reference.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR Part 800.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration, If you have questions concerning the above comment, contact
Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 91.9--733-4763, ext. 246. In all future communication
concerning this project, please cite the above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
L? %". - &.or,
ter Sandbeck
Enclosure
cc: Role Ayers/FHWA
Location Mailing Address Telephone/rax
ADMINISTRATION 507 N. Blount Strect, Raleigh NC: 4617 Mail Setvicc Center, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 {919)733.4763/733-$653
RESTORATION 515 N, 131ount Sircet, Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service (:enter, Raleigh N( 27699.4617 [phone]/715-4801
SURVEY & PLANNING 515 N. Blount Sirect, Raleigh, NC: 4617 MaiI Service Center, 13alcigh NC: 27699-4617 {919)733.6545/7154801
r.? O??.c.lr?? s ?s rarer
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6501-On QSd 3-G. dS?]--off 0513-03 !M Wl? ecx rNc
?o???N ?P i FfC FA?@M SNP Cun19GRtiR?D CO?N?
Cary, NC 27511,
Phone, [phone], Email: [e-mail]
cc:
Tracy Morris
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699
cnairerwus.
Fcclc iwl _=1id r TJP ,r'1=P Counev: Cumberland
CONCURRENCE FORM FOR ASSF-YS%, -T -N-T OF EFFLCl S
Pr-f b c i bes°c.°ript on: Stream restoration ol-Iuarrping'Run C'rcck, Long Valley ]arm (NR), Spring
t_}ta,Iail Z. 2007 , represent,aives rftTtc
3KI Nardi C irohna Dcpartment of Transportation (NCDOT)
Fcdmil Ilighway Administration (T-11 4 )
North Carolina Stag Histtaric_ I'resorvation OfFice (IIPO)
Oilier
Re+:°imed tlu? :subacct iv ic,°t;t zmtl agreed
There are area cffixis on ahc National Register-listed larraPtr1y.'prupcrtiss located within
the project's area raf' [1011 ;utial t.IMci and listed on the reverse,
Thcre: are no effects on the National .c?:-I- tr r Lible property,'pt°nTxertitw f0ctticcl within
the project's area of potential effect and lis((:d un the reverse.
'l hcrc is an cfl'cct on the National Rpgisttr-liswd pruptrtyipropenies located W itlain the
pro,*1 's ari:;t a}I'po;,ential effect_ The propert ."'propumics Land the effect(s) are Iistetl agar.
the r vcT-sc,
There .i ,ai is Tecl on ahc National RCgiste.r-e]igIhIe prarfrcr V.0'P[opa'riiCs locatedWithir3 tlac
p?-oiect' s area Of lXAelrtiall t:lfLXI. Fhc. propcrtV.I'propertit5 antl cf acct(s) art; listed on the
S),rrtCtl:

P-2-7- - cic?2?-
7 R.cprt:scnuttiv.., NCDOT -
Date
° c
FHW'A, for the iviaiot Adn3inis °E(or, or (rtJrcr l etlc.ral A?),e ncv Late
Rcprcwe:tltative,, UP D,,i1, e
Z-,? aa J- -
Suitt: ] listm is Pre5se r- atinrt t }F it2er
- .I>-
Date
F

Properties within (lie iarca of putenlial effect or %V111Ch there. is flu efteet, ludicme if property i.,,-
National Etc gisu rdlsrxd (N-, )ter determined eliglbk; (M).
Properi s, tir ithiil that aTCEI (rl'powntial effect for whWh there, is an effect- 113diCiLI : property status:
ONR or DE) and deserI1)e the c Rct.

Reason(s) why thy: effect is not. adver c (if rIpplic ale)-
Initialed: NCDO'I' ' _
r

L North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission
Richard B. Hamilton, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
To: Ken Gilland
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
800 Regency Pkwy., Ste. 200
Cary, NC 27511
kgillandAmbakercorp. com
From: Steven H. Everhart, PhD ASoutheastern Permit Coordinator
127 Cardinal Drive
Wilmington, NC 28405
Date: May 21, 2007
RE: Un-named Tributary to Jumping Run Creek EEP Wetland and Stream Mitigation Project in Cumberland
County
Biologists with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the subject project for
impacts to wildlife and fishery resources. Our comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et. seq.), and Sections 401 and 404 of the Clean
Water Act (as amended).
The project is located northwest of Manchester Rd. (SR 1451), between NC 24/87 to the west and NC 210 to the
east. A letter and vicinity map was submitted for review of fish and wildlife issues associated with the project.
The applicant proposes to restore approximately 2 miles of natural form stream on which several sections have been
identified as significantly degraded. The stream(s) is an un-named tributary to Jumping Run Creek. The mitigation
site will satisfy needs for the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP).
There do not appear to be any threatened or endangered species that would be impacted by the project. However,
there are many red-cockaded woodpecker [(Picoides borealis) federal and state endangered] cluster sites in the
general vicinity of the project.
The Wildlife Resources Commission does not object to this project as proposed. Thank you for the opportunity to
review and comment on this project. If you have any questions or require additional information regarding these
comments, please call me at [phone].
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries • 1721 Mail Service Center • Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]
_..._...-- - _..M._-...__ _.... __. - - --- -. - --......._...... - --.-.... -- ._...-. - ._
[9/5/2007) Ken Gilland - RE: Jumping Run Page 1
From: "Ryan Elting" [e-mail]>
To: "Kayne Vanstell" <[e-mail]>
Date: 6/11/2007 8:38 AM
Subject: RE: Jumping Run
Kayne,
I've been out of town for a few days and apologize for not getting back to
you sooner about the Long Valley Farm T&E survey. I got your voicemail just
shortly before my phone went into a lake. I need to find sometime today to
replace it! Natural Heritage has been out to the Farm on several occasions,
and thouroughally inventoried the property. There are no T&E element
occurances within or near the EEP easement, so you don't need to worry about
affecting and T&E species. I'm really looking forward to seeing this
restoration process, and hope to be out there quite a bit to check it out.
Please email me any further questions and I'll do my best to answer them.
My best,
Ryan Elting
Conservation Planner
The Nature Conservancy
Sandhills Office
140 SW Broad Street
Southern Pines, NC 28388
910-246-0300
-----Original Message-----
From: Kayne Vanstell [maiIto: [e-mail]
Sent: Friday, June 08, 2007 10:45 AM
To: Ryan Elting
Cc: Tracy Morris
Subject. RE: Jumping Run
Ryan,
I just realized my email addressed you as Rick instead of Ryan and I
apologize for the contusion. I left you a voicemail on your mobile phone
regarding the Long Valley Farm/ Jumping Run restoration project T&E survey.
I wanted to follow up with you to confirm what has been surveyed or
inventoried collectively by TNC and Natural Heritage so we can incorporate
those results into our finalized technical report. From our onsite
investigations thus far we have determined no adverse effects for the listed
species but wanted to verify with what you have as well. Please let us know
at your earliest convenience and I look forward to hearing from you...
Thanks again for your help,
Kayne
_..-._.-
- - - ..-.w...-.. -- -- - - - - --- - -.-.-....-----...... ....
(9/5/2007) Ken Gilland - Fwd: RE: Jumping Run Page 1
From: Kayne Vanstell
To: Ken Gilland
Date: 8/31/2007 3:56 PM
Subject: Fwd: RE: Jumping Run
Attachments: RE: Jumping Run
Hi Kayne,
The element occurrences on the map are definitely not exhaustive of what has been noted in the area.
Nonetheless, the birds in the northwest portion of the map are Red-cockaded woodpeckers and
Bachman's sparrow, and the mammal is Eastern fox squirrel. The community type shown at the bottom
of the map is pine/Scrub oak sandhill (about as rare as a house sparrow), but having spoken with Bruce
Sorrie and Mike Schafale, both Natural Heritage field biologists who have visited the site, I know that
parts of the restoration area itself would have been a community known as the Little River Flatwoods
which is actually fairly rare. Let me know if I can be of any help.
My best,
Ryan Elting
Conservation Planner
The Nature Conservancy
Sandhills Office
140 SW Broad Street
Southern Pines, NC 28388
910-246-0300
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
NORTH CAROLINA
Cumberland County
WMCA CO.
'IN UP]!f31Z71]Nff1'.
I"V, AP11Nf?t]7L}SAT30NA1:.
1AM LIC MISTWO
ON THEMIRC1 WE
ANWIVUSEOF
PROPERTY FOR ..
STREAM RE4' I ATION
Cu bfflwdC-ty
7ht North G'vulioe Ecomya -
wm. Enhe txa n[ Program
maidy n5 aeies. of lend lo-
aated eP? 1y 3 nMa
ngirds" of :l. Au ?'mq?
Saae In CuTnhpd Corurly..
The project will ?inwI"
,e e
nter U,,n of an ,,m,d
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weU at the mtomhon of g;
tmvertad n'zcSarids. 'The
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etl duels : rn?,ndc TAG [[dWa'
aw. su mhwcxwnl of np-
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JM0 1 ntd 70
wm% of wniWHk fur do
wp?e of odtia' l own
and+rnland nutia urd.-
IN in Ike Cajr.w Fm Rivor Na-
du. in adll d& Tike pia •
p*-d W°f°u wild alro s-
oo,np[Ish ergniiliul eealaai -
al iaky,oveumni
heb[ml rielcrdDonuod .
14-
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pollsnlmr.
gvyuna d.oldo rf nt an in-
fo.maGaua[ yO*Q.. m-orkg
LS hadd for thk ?r9p9".. ec-
doo . m y make sirch a re•
queet' mgeured /alien w
s am Tracy -Purkwuy.
Suitc 200. Cary-Kmb Can -
liia 2'??18, lregtxsl must be
ands 6v M:tx 30. 2007. ]F
a<lditinn m .krna4nnis ra-
qq??drxd, pkusr am6ai Kan.
C3y{L:n d z,t yISW 54?WS5.:
hCEE-P raaomm the riahi to
dewed a if o public meet -
itia.w131Ie Wd.
4rt9 8?-0L05
Sworn or affirmed to, and subscribed before me, this 30 day
lof April, A.D., 2007.
In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my
official seal, the day and year aforesaid.
Notary Public
before the undersignea, a Notary Fuimc of saia L;ouniy ano wale, auiy
commissioned and authorized to administer oaths, affirmations, etc.,
personally appeared. CINDY L. OROZCO
Who, being duly sworn or affirmed, according to law, cloth depose and say
that he/she is LEGAL SECRETARY
of THE FAYETTEVILLE PUBLISHING COMPANY, a corporation organized
and doing business under the Laws of the State of North Carolina, and
publishing a newspaper known as the FAYETTEVILLE OBSERVER, in the
City of Fayetteville, County and State aforesaid, and that as such he/she
makes this affidavit; that he/she is familiar with the books, files and
business of said Corporation and by reference to the files of said
publication the attached advertisement of CL Legal Line
STREAM RESTORATION
of BAKER ENGINEERING NY, inc.
was inserted in the aforesaid newspaper in space, and on dates as follows.
4/29/2007
and at the time of such publication The Fayetteville Observer was a
newspaper meeting all the requirements and qualifications prescribed by
Sec. No. 1-597 G.S. of N.C.
The above is correctly copied from the books and files of the aforesaid
corporation and publication.
Title
My commission expires 9th day of March, 2009.
ti
MAIL TO- BAKER ENGINEERING NY, Inc.
8000 REGENCY PARKWAY, SUITE 200
CARY, NC 27518
0000870105
LEGAL SECRETARY
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Appendix 7
EDR Transaction Screen Map Report, Categorical
Exclusion Checklist, and EEP Floodplain Requirements
Checklist & Correspondence
RO Environmental
Data Resources Inc
EDR LoanCheck®
Basic
with Geocheck®
UT to Jumping Run
1901 Long Valley Rd
Spring Lake, NC 28390
Inquiry Number: 1916646.3s
May 01, 2007
Environmental Risk
Information
The Standard in
440 Wheelers Farms Road
Milford, Connecticut 06461
Nationwide Customer Service
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Internet: www.edrnet.com
FORM-NULL-ERN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
PAGE
Executive Summary ES1
Overview Map 2
Detail Map 3
Map Findings Summary 4
Map Findings 6
Orphan Summary 7
Government Records Searched/Data Currency Tracking GRA
GEOCHECK ADDENDUM
Physical Setting Source Addendum A-1
Physical Setting Source Summary A-2
Physical Setting Source Map A-8
Physical Setting Source Map Findings A-9
Physical Setting Source Records Searched A-27
Thank you for your business.
Please contact EDR at 1-800-352-0050
with any questions or comments.
Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data
Resources, Inc. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from
other sources. NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL
DATA RESOURCES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE MAKING OF ANY SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, NEGLIGENCE,
ACCIDENT OR ANY OTHER CAUSE, FOR ANY LOSS OF DAMAGE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. ANY LIABILITY ON THE PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. IS STRICTLY
LIMITED TO A REFUND OF THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THIS REPORT. Purchaser accepts this Report "AS IS". Any analyses, estimates, ratings,
environmental risk levels or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor
should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only a Phase I
Environmental Site Assessment performed by an environmental professional can provide information regarding the environmental risk for any
property. Additionally, the information provided in this Report is not to be construed as legal advice.
Copyright 2007 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole
or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission.
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OVERVIEW MAP -1916646.3s

ill,111,11,111;
-?-/ I

i

Target Property
Sites at elevations higher than
or equal to the target property
• Sites at elevations lower than
the target property
1 Manufactured Gas Plants
National Priority List Sites
Dept. Defense Sites
0 1/4 1/2 1 Mlles
Indian Reservations BIA Hazardous Substance
County Boundary Disposal Sites
Oil & Gas pipelines
0 100-year flood zone
0 500-year flood zone
0 National Wetland Inventory
0 State Wetlands
SITE NAME: UT to Jumping Run CLIENT: Baker Engineering
ADDRESS: 1901 Long Valley Rd CONTACT: Ken Gilland
Spring Lake INC 28390 INQUIRY#: 1916646.3s
LAT/LONG: 35.2039 / 78.9684 DATE: May 01, 2007 5:34 pm
00pyrlaht ® 2007 EDR, Inc. ® 2007 Tole Atlas Ral. 07/2006.
DETAIL MAP -1916646.3s
Target Property
Sites at elevations higher than
or equal to the target property
• Sites at elevations lower than
the target property
1 Manufactured Gas Plants
r Sensitive Receptors
National Priority List Sites
Dept. Defense Sites
0 1116 1/6 1/411Alleo
Indian Reservations BIA Hazardous Substance
Oil & Gas pipelines Disposal Sites
0 100-year flood zone
0 500-year flood zone
0 National Wetland Inventory
0 State Wetlands
SITE NAME: UT to Jumping Run CLIENT: Baker Engineering
ADDRESS: 1901 Long Valley Rd CONTACT: Ken Gilland
Spring Lake INC 28390 INQUIRY#: 1916646.3s
LAT/LONG: 35.2039 / 78.9684 DATE: May 01, 2007 5:34 pm
00pyrlaht ® 2007 EDR, Inc. ® 2007 Tole Atlas Ral. 07/2006.
MAP FINDINGS SUMMARY
Search
Target Distance Total
Database Property (Miles) < 1/8 1/8 - 1/4 1/4 - 1/2 1/2 - 1 > 1 Plotted
FEDERAL RECORDS
NPL 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
Proposed NPL 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
Delisted NPL 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
NPL LIENS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
CERCLIS 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
CERC-NFRAP 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
CORRACTS 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
RCRA TSD 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
RCRA Lg. Quan. Gen. 0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
RCRA Sm. Quan. Gen. 0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
ERNS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
HMIRS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
US ENG CONTROLS 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
US INST CONTROL 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
DOD 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
FUDS 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
US BROWNFIELDS 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
CONSENT 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
ROD 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
UMTRA 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
ODI 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
TRIS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
TSCA TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
FTTS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
SSTS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
LUCIS 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
DOT OPS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
ICIS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
HIST FTTS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
CDL TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
RADINFO TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
PADS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
MLTS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
MINES 0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
FINDS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
RAATS TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
STATE AND LOCAL RECORDS
State Haz. Waste 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
IMD 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
NC HSDS 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
State Landfill 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
OLI 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
HIST LF 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
LUST 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
LUST TRUST 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
UST 0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
TC1916646.3s Page 4
MAP FINDINGS SUMMARY
Database
AST
INST CONTROL
VCP
DRYCLEANERS
BROWNFIELDS
NPDES
TRIBAL RECORDS
Search
Target Distance Total
Property (Miles) < 1/8 1/8 - 1/4 1/4 - 1/2 1/2 - 1 > 1 Plotted
0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
TP NR NR NR NR NR 0
INDIAN RESERV 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
INDIAN LUST 0.500 0 0 0 NR NR 0
INDIAN UST 0.250 0 0 NR NR NR 0
EDR PROPRIETARY RECORDS
Manufactured Gas Plants 1.000 0 0 0 0 NR 0
NOTES:
TP = Target Property
NR = Not Requested at this Search Distance
Sites may be listed in more than one database
TC1916646.3s Page 5
Map ID MAP FINDINGS
Direction
Distance
Distance (ft.) EDR ID Number
Elevation Site Database(s) EPA ID Number
NO SITES FOUND
TC1916646.3s Page 6
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EDR LoanChecV Basic: Environmental Risk Review
Property Name 440 Wheelers Farms Road
Milford, CT 06460
UT TO JUMPING RUN Phone:[phone]
1901 LONG VALLEY RD Fax:[phone]
SPRING LAKE, NC 28390 Web:www.edrnet.com
May 1, 2007
CEDIR' Environmental
Data Resources Inc
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK LEVEL
To help evaluate environmental risk, the EDR Loan Checktasic provides an Environmental Risk Level,
based on a search of current government records requested to be searched by
Baker Engineering.
ELEVATED RISK Based on the records found in this report, the environmental risk level for this
property is elevated.
I-XILOW RISK Based on the records found in this report, the environmental risk level for this
property is minimal.
User Instructions
For more information regarding this Environmental Risk Level, please refer to page 2 and other supporting reports.
User Comments
Reports and Databases
The following reports an/or databases were requested by customer and were included in the Environmental
Risk Level where available:
• EDR Radius Map Report
Disclaimer - Copyright and Trademark Notice
This Report contains certain information obtained from a variety of public and other sources reasonably available to Environmental Data
Resources, Inc. It cannot be concluded from this Report that coverage information for the target and surrounding properties does not exist from
other sources. NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THIS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL
DATA RESOURCES, INC. SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE MAKING OF ANY SUCH WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION,
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. ALL RISK IS ASSUMED BY THE USER. IN NO EVENT SHALL
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. BE LIABLE TO ANYONE, WHETHER ARISING OUT OF ERRORS OR OMISSIONS, NEGLIGENCE,
ACCIDENT OR ANY OTHER CAUSE, FOR ANY LOSS OF DAMAGE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. ANY LIABILITY ON THE PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA RESOURCES, INC. IS STRICTLY
LIMITED TO A REFUND OF THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THIS REPORT. Purchaser accepts this Report "AS IS". Any analyses, estimates, ratings,
environmental risk levels or risk codes provided in this Report are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to provide, nor
should they be interpreted as providing any facts regarding, or prediction or forecast of, any environmental risk for any property. Only a Phase I
Environmental Site Assessment performed by an environmental professional can provide information regarding the environmental risk for any
property. Additionally, the information provided in this Report is not to be construed as legal advice.
Copyright 2007 by Environmental Data Resources, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any media or format, in whole
or in part, of any report or map of Environmental Data Resources, Inc., or its affiliates, is prohibited without prior written permission.
EDR and its logos (including Sanborn and Sanborn Map) are trademarks of Environmental Data Resources, Inc. or its affiliates. All other
trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners.
1916646.3s Page 1
EDR LoanChecV Basic: Environmental Risk Review
FINDINGS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK LEVEL
The environmental LOW RISK is based upon the findings listed below. Refer to the supporting report(s) for
additional detail.
TARGET PROPERTY
Current Govt. Records
No records identified (if any) were determined to be of elevated risk.
EDR Proprietary Records
No records identified (if any) were determined to be of elevated risk.
SURROUNDING PROPERTIES
Current Govt. Records
No records identified (if any) were determined to be of elevated risk.
EDR Proprietary Records
No records identified (if any) were determined to be of elevated risk.
1916646.3s Page 2
11-13-'07 09:28 rR0M7DENR EEP 9197152001 T-817 P02 U-544
Categorical Exclusion Form for Ecosystem Enhancement
Proaram Preiects
Part 1: General Project Information
FCro eat Name: UT to Jum in Run Creek Restoration Rromect
Dun Name: Cumberland Count
E'P Number: D07053
Pro'ect onsor: Michael Baker NY Inc.
ro ect ontact Name: Ka ne an tell
Pro ect Contact Address: 8000 Re enc Parkway, Suite 200 Car NC 27518
Pro a Contact E-mai : [e-mail]
EEP Project Manager: Tracy Morris
Project Description
Faker Engineering NY, Inc., proposes to conduct stream and wetland restoration activities in
Cumberland County, approximately three miles northeast of Pope Air Force Base within cataloging
unit 03030044 and NC Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 18-23-20 of the Cape Fear
River Basin. Project goals are to restore or enhance a minimum of 3,000 linear feet of stream
channel and 70 acres of wetlands,
. Official Use Only
Reviewed By:
q '1210 7- C ?Y
Date EEP Proje t Man ger
Conditional Approved By:
Date For Division Administrator
FHWA
? Check this box if there are outstanding issues
Final Approval By:
Date For Division Administrator
FHWA
T, cowstem
PROGRAM
EEP Floodplain Requirements Checklist
This form was developed by the National Flood Insurance program, NC Floodplain Mapping
program and Ecosystem Enhancement Program to be filled for all EEP projects. The form is
intended to summarize the floodplain requirements during the design phase of the projects. The
form should be submitted to the Local Floodplain Administrator with three copies submitted to
NFIP (attn. Edward Curtis), NC Floodplain Mapping Unit (attn. John Gerber) and NC Ecosystem
Enhancement Program.
Project Location
Name of project: UT to Jumping Run Creek
Name if stream or feature: UT to Jumping Run Creek
County: Cumberland
Name of river basin: Cape Fear
Is project urban or rural? Rural
Name of Jurisdictional
municipality/county : Cumberland County
DFIRM panel number for
entire site: 3710598800J
Consultant name: Kayne Van Stell, Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
Phone number: [phone]
Address: 8000 Regency Parkway, Suite 200
Cary, NC 27518
Design Information
Provide a general description of project (one paragraph). Include project limits on a reference
orthophotograph at a scale of 1" = 500".
Baker Engineering proposes to restore 7,336 linear feet (LF) of stream and 94.3 acres (AC) of riparian
and non-riparian wetlands, and enhance 1,935 LF of stream and 3.3 acres of wetlands along an unnamed
tributary (UT) to Jumping Run Creek. The UT to Jumping Run Creek project site is located in
FEMA Comphance_Jump_runldoc Page I of 4
Cumberland County, approximately three miles northeast of Pope Air Force Base within cataloging unit
03030004, and NC Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) sub-basin 18-23-20 of the Cape Fear River
Basin (Figure 1). The purpose of the project is to restore wetland functions to prior-converted agriculture
and cattle fields on the site and to restore stream functions to the impaired stream channel that flows
through it.
Summarize stream reaches or wetland areas according to their restoration priority.
Restoration Type Amount Priority
Riparian Wetland Restoration 81.4 acres Restoration
of Coastal Plain Small Stream
Swamp - PC field areas along
UTIa and UTIb
Riparian Wetland 3.3 acres Enhancement
enhancement of Coastal Plain
Small Stream Swamp - along
UT I a and UT Ib (existing
jurisdictional wetland pockets)
Non-Riparian Wetland 12.9 acres Restoration
Restoration
Stream Restoration of Braided 3,338 ft Priority I Restoration
Channel (headwater stream) -
UTIa
Stream Restoration of Single- 3,998 ft Priority I Restoration
Thread Channel (low energy
stream) - UTIb
Stream Enhancement - UTIc 1,935 ft Enhancement
Total 9,271 ft of stream
97.6 acres of wetlands
Floodplain Information
Is project located in a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA)?
F_ Yes Fv- No
If project is located in a SFHA, check how it was determined:
F- Redelineation
F- Detailed Study
F- Limited Detail Study
F- Approximate Study
F_ Don't know
List flood zone designation: The lower end of the UT to Jumping Run Creek site is located within a
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) -identified flood zone (Zone AE), which is designated
as a special flood hazard area inundated by the 100-year flood. However, no construction or restoration
activities are planned to take lace within the AE zone (see enclosed figures for restoration areas).
Check if applies:
I- AE Zone
FEMA Compliance_Jump_run1doc Page 2 of 4
F Floodway
F- Non-Encroachment
F None
F A Zone
• Local Setbacks Required
• No Local Setbacks Required
If local setbacks are required, list how many feet:
Does proposed channel boundary encroach outside floodway/non-encroachment/setbacks?
F Yes W No
Land Acquisition (Check)
* State owned (fee simple)
* Conservation easment (Design Bid Build)
* Conservation Easement (Full Delivery Project)
Note: if the project property is state-owned, then all requirements should be addressed to the Department
of Administration, State Construction Office (attn: Herbert Neil y, [phone])
Is community/county participating in the NFIP program?
Wo Yes F No
Note: if community is not participating, then all requirements should be addressed to NFIP (attn: Edward
Curtis, [phone] x369)
Name of Local Floodplain Administrator: Bob Stanger
Phone Number: 910-678-7636
Floodplain Requirements
This section to be filled by designer/applicant following verification with the LFPA
F,/- No Action
F No Rise
F Letter of Map Revision
Conditional Letter of Map Revision
F Other Requirements
List other requirements:
Comments:
FEMA Compliance_Jump_run1doc Page 3 of 4

Name:
Title:
Signature:
Date:
Criteria for Flooding Requirements
Grading less than 5ac:
Notify LFPA
Not Regulated, No Community ?Grading more - No Impact Study
Set-backs
than 5 ac: - LOMR if
Site BFE not< Establish Ott < Rise < 1 ft
Defined W/Community BFE data. - CLOMR & LOMR if
Set-backs Rise > I ft
Regulated
(SFHA) No Floodway
(1 ft No Rise)
BFE defined
Floodway defined - No Impact Study
(0 ft No-Rise) - CLOMR, LOMR if Rise not met
- LOMR, if Rise < 0.1 ft
Non-Encroachment
Area (Oft, No-Rise)
Summary of Scenarios
Zone SFHA BFE Floodway Comm. Floodplain Criteria
(map) Or Non- Set-back
Encroachment
X,B,C No No No No a. Notify Floodplain Administration
FP Dev. Permit maybe required
A Yes No No No a. If grading < 5 ac, notify LFPA.
A Yes No No Yes a. If No-Rise = 0 ft, LOMR not required
If Rise > 0 ft, LOMR is Required
c. If Rise > 1 ft, CLOMR is required
AE, es es No n/ a a. No-Rise Study
Al-A30 . CLOMR if > 1ft
c. LOMR
AEFW es es es /a a. No-Rise Study
Al-A30 . CLOMR if > 0 ft
c. LOMR
FEMA Compliance_Jump_run1doc Page 4 of 4
October 24, 2007
Wayne Dudley, CFM and Robert M. Stanger
Cumberland County Engineering Department
Old Courthouse
130 Gillespie Street, Room 214
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Subject: EEP Floodplain Requirements Checklist Stream and Wetland Restoration
Project in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Cape Fear River Basin 03,
UT to Jumping Run Creek Restoration Site, EEP # D07053 S, Baker #
111274
Dear Mr. Dudley and Mr. Stanger:
Please find enclosed one revised copy of the EEP Floodplain Requirements Checklist for
the UT to Jumping Run Creek Stream and Wetland Restoration site in Cumberland County,
North Carolina, Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) Number D07053 S.
Subsequent to our initial draft, additional discussions with you allowed us to revise our
understanding of the needs of the project. At this time, we have determined, and you have
concurred, that no additional work will be required to meet FEMA requirements.
Therefore, a no-rise certification will not be required for this project.
Sincerely,
Ken Gilland
Enclosures
Cc: Mr. Edward Curtis, NC Floodplain Mapping Program
Tracy Morris, North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program
John Gerber, NC Floodplain Mapping Unit
ClhallerW Is.
Appendix 8
Stream Restoration: Background Science and Methods
STREAM RESTORATION:
BACKGROUND SCIENCE AND METHODS
1.0 APPLICATION OF FLUVIAL PROCESSES TO STREAM
RESTORATION
A stream and its floodplain comprise a dynamic environment where the floodplain, channel, and
bedform evolve through natural processes. Weather and hydraulic processes erode, transport, sort,
and deposit alluvial materials throughout the riparian system. The size and flow of a stream are
directly related to its watershed area. Other factors that affect channel size and stream flow are
geology, land use, soil types, topography, and climate. The morphology, or size and shape, of the
channel reflect all of these factors (Leopold et al., 1992; Knighton, 1988). The result is a dynamic
equilibrium where the stream maintains its dimension, pattern, and profile over time, and neither
degrades nor aggrades. Land use changes in the watershed, including increases in imperviousness
and removal of riparian vegetation, can upset this balance. A new equilibrium may eventually result,
but not before large adjustments in channel form can occur, such as extreme bank erosion or incision
(Lane, 1955; Schumm, 1960). By understanding and applying natural stream processes to stream
restoration projects, a self-sustaining stream can be designed and constructed that maximizes stream
and biological potential (Leopold et al., 1992; Leopold, 1994; Rosgen, 1996).
In addition to transporting water and sediment, natural streams provide the habitat for many aquatic
organisms including fish, amphibians, insects, mollusks, and plants. Trees and shrubs along the
banks provide a food source and regulate water temperatures. Channel features such as pools, riffles,
steps, and undercut banks provide diversity of habitat, oxygenation, and cover (Dunne and Leopold,
1978). Stream restoration projects can repair these features in concert with the return of a stable
dimension, pattern, and profile. The following sections provide an overview of the primary channel
forming process and typical stream morphology.
1.1 Channel Forming Discharge
The channel forming discharge, also referred to as bankfull discharge, effective discharge, or
dominant discharge, creates a natural and predictable channel size and shape (Leopold et al.,
1992; Leopold, 1994). Channel forming discharge theory states that there is a unique flow that
over a long period of time would yield the same channel morphology that is shaped by the
natural sequence of flows. At this discharge, equilibrium is most closely approached and the
tendency to change is minimized (Inglis, 1947). Uses of the channel forming discharge include
channel stability assessment, river management using hydraulic geometry relationships, and
natural channel design (Soar and Thorne, 2001).
Proper determination of bankfull stage in the field is vital to stream classification and the
natural channel design process. The bankfull discharge is the point at which flooding occurs on
the floodplain (Leopold, 1994). This flood stage may or may not be the top of the stream bank.
On average, bankfull discharge occurs every 1.5 years (Leopold, 1994; Harman et al., 1999;
McCandless, 2003). If the stream has become incised due to changes in the watershed or
streamside vegetation, the bankfull stage may be a small depositional bench or scour line on the
stream bank (Harman et al., 1999). In this case, the top of the bank, which was formerly the
floodplain, is called a terrace. A stream with terraces at the top of its banks is considered to be
incised.
1.2 Bedform Diversity and Channel Substrate
The profile of a stream bed and its bed materials are largely dependent on valley slope and
geology. In simple terms, steep, straight streams are found in steep, colluvial valleys, while
flat, meandering streams are found in flat, alluvial valleys. Colluvial valleys have slopes
between two percent and four percent, while alluvial channels have slopes less than two
percent. A colluvial valley forms through hillslope processes. Sediment supply in colluvial
valleys is controlled by hillslope erosion and mass wasting, i.e., the sediments in the stream bed
originated from the hillslopes. Sediments reaching the channel in a colluvial valley are
typically poorly sorted mixtures of fine and coarse grained materials ranging in size from sand
to boulders. In contrast, an alluvial valley forms through stream and floodplain processes.
Sediments in alluvial valleys include some coarse gravel and cobble transported from steeper
upland areas, but are predominantly fine-grained particles such as gravel and sand. Grain size
generally decreases with valley slope (Leopold et al., 1992).
1.2.1 Step/Pool Streams
A step/pool bed profile is characteristic of steep streams formed within colluvial valleys.
Steep mountain streams demonstrate step/pool morphology as a result of episodic
sediment transport mechanisms. Because of the high energy associated with the steep
channel slope, the substrate in step/pool streams contains significantly larger particles
than streams in flatter, alluvial valleys. Steps form from accumulations of boulders and
cobbles that span the channel, resulting in a backwater pool upstream and plunge pool
downstream. Smaller particles collect in the interstices of steps creating stable,
interlocking structures (Knighton, 1988).
In contrast to meandering streams that dissipate energy through meander bends, step/pool
streams dissipate energy through drops and turbulence. Step/pool streams have relatively
low sinuosity. Pattern variations are commonly the result of debris jams, topographic
features, and bedrock outcrops.
1.2.2 Gravel Bed Streams
Meandering gravel bed streams in alluvial valleys have sequences of riffles and pools that
maintain channel slope and bed stability. The riffle is a bed feature composed of gravel
or larger size particles. During low flow periods, the water depth at a riffle is relatively
shallow and the slope is steeper than the average slope of the channel. At low flows,
water moves faster over riffles, and the resulting turbulence provide oxygen to the
stream. Riffles control the stream bed elevation and are usually found entering and
exiting meander bends. The inside of the meander bend is a depositional feature called a
point bar, which also helps maintain channel form (Knighton, 1988). Pools are typically
located on the outside bends of meanders between riffles. Pools have a flat slope and are
much deeper than the average depth of the channel. At low flows, pools are depositional
features and riffles are scour features.
At high flows, the water surface becomes more uniform: the water surface slope at the
riffles decreases and the water surface slope at the pools increases. The increase in pool
slope coupled with the greater water depth at the pools causes an increase in shear stress
at the bed elevation. The opposite is true at riffles. With a relative increase in shear
stress, pools scour. The relative decrease in shear stress at riffles causes bed material
deposits at these features during the falling limb of the hydrograph.
1.2.3 Sand Bed Streams
While gravel bed streams have riffle/pool sequences, with riffles composed of gravel-size
particles, sand bed channels are characterized by median bed material sizes less than 2
millimeters in diameter (Bunte and Abt, 2001). Bed material features called ripples,
dunes, planebeds, and antidunes characterize the sand bedform. Although sand bed
streams technically do not have riffles, the term is often used to describe the crossover
reach between pools. We use "riffle" in this report as equivalent to the crossover section.
The size, stage, and variation of sand bedforms are formed by changes in unit stream
power as described below. These bedforms are symptomatic of local variations in the
sediment transport rate and cause minor to major variations in aggradation and
degradation (Gomez, 1991). Sand bedforms can be divided between low flow regimes
and high flow regimes with a transitional zone between the two. Ripples occur at low
flows where the unit stream power is just high enough to entrain sand size particles. This
entrainment creates small wavelets from random sediment accumulations that are
triangular in profile with gentle upstream and steep downstream slopes. The ripple
dimensions are independent of flow depth and heights are less than 0.02 meters.
As unit stream power increases, dunes eventually replace ripples. Dunes are the most
common type of sand bedform and have a larger height and wavelength than ripples.
Unlike ripples, dune height and wavelength are proportional to flow depth. The
movement of dunes is the major cause of variability in bed-load transport rates in sand
bed streams. Dunes are eventually washed out to leave an upper-flow plane bed
characterized by intense bedload transport. This plane bed prevents the patterns of
erosion and deposition required for dune development. This stage of bedform
development is called the transitional flow regime between the low flow features and the
high flow regime features (Knighton, 1998).
As flow continues to increase, standing waves develop at the water surface and the bed
develops a train of sediment waves (antidunes), which mirror the surface forms.
Antidunes migrate upstream by way of scour on the downstream face and deposition on
the upstream face, a process that is opposite of ripples and dunes. Antidunes can also
move downstream or remain stationary for short periods (Knighton, 1988).
1.3 Stream Classification
The Rosgen stream classification system categorizes essentially all types of channels based on
measured morphological features (Rosgen, 1994, 1996). The system presents several stream
types based on a hierarchical system. The classification system is illustrated on Exhibit 1.1.
The first level of classification distinguishes between single and multiple thread channels.
Streams are then separated based on degrees of entrenchment, width/depth ratio, and sinuosity.
Slope range and channel materials are also evaluated to subdivide the streams. Stream types
are further described according to average riparian vegetation, organic debris, blockages, flow
regimes, stream size, depositional features, and meander pattern.
Bankfull stage is the basis for measuring the width/depth and entrenchment ratios, two of the
most important delineative criteria. Therefore, it is critical to correctly identify bankfull stage
when classifying streams and designing stream restoration measures. A detailed discussion of
bankfull stage was provided in Section 2.1.1.
1.4 Stream Stability
A naturally stable stream must be able to transport the sediment load supplied by its watershed
while maintaining dimension, pattern, and profile over time so that it does not degrade or
aggrade (Rosgen, 1994). Stable streams migrate across alluvial landscapes slowly over long
periods of time while maintaining their form and function. Instability occurs when scouring
causes the channel to incise (degrade) or excessive deposition causes the channel bed to rise
(aggrade). A generalized relationship of stream stability proposed by Lane (1955) is shown as
a schematic drawing in Exhibit 1.2. The drawing shows that the product of sediment load and
sediment size is proportional to the product of stream slope and discharge or stream power. A
change in any one of these variables causes a rapid physical adjustment in the stream channel.
1.5 Channel Evolution
A common sequence of physical adjustments has been observed in many streams following
disturbance. This adjustment process is often referred to as channel evolution. Disturbance can
result from channelization, increase in runoff due to build-out in the watershed, removal of
streamside vegetation, and other changes that negatively affect stream stability. All of these
disturbances occur in both urban and rural environments. Several models have been used to
describe this process of physical adjustment for a stream. The Simon (1989) channel evolution
model characterizes evolution in six steps, including:
1. sinuous, pre-modified,
II. channelized,
III. degradation,
IV. degradation and widening,
V. aggradation and widening, and
VI. quasi-equilibrium.
Exhibit 1.3 illustrates the six steps of the Simon channel evolution model.
The channel evolution process is initiated once a stable, well-vegetated stream that interacts
frequently with its floodplain is disturbed. Disturbance commonly results in an increase in
stream power that causes degradation, often referred to as channel incision (Lane, 1955).
According to research summarized by the Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working
Group (FISRWG), incision eventually leads to over-steepening of the banks and, when critical
bank heights are exceeded, the banks begin to fail and mass wasting of soil and rock leads to
channel widening. Incision and widening continue moving upstream in the form of a head-cut.
Eventually the mass wasting slows and the stream begins to aggrade. A new low-flow channel
begins to form in the sediment deposits. By the end of the evolutionary process, a stable stream
with dimension, pattern, and profile similar to those of undisturbed channels forms in the
deposited alluvium. The new channel is at a lower elevation than its original form with a new
floodplain constructed of alluvial material (FISRWG, 1998).
1.6 Priority Levels of Restoring Incised Rivers
Though incised streams can occur naturally in certain landforms, they are often the product of
disturbance. High, steep stream banks, poor or absent in-stream or riparian habitat, increased
erosion and sedimentation, and low sinuosity are all characteristics of incised streams.
Complete restoration of the stream, where the incised grade of the channel is raised so that an
abandoned floodplain terrace is reclaimed, is ideally the overriding project objective. There
may be scenarios, however, where such an objective is impractical due to encroachment into
the abandoned floodplain terrace by homes, roadways, utilities, etc. A priority system for the
restoration of incised streams, developed and used by Rosgen (1997), considers a range of
options to provide the best level of stream restoration possible for the given setting. Exhibit 1.4
illustrates various restoration/stabilization options for incised channels within the framework of
the Rosgen's priority system. Generally:
Priority 1- Re-establishes the channel on a previous floodplain (i.e., raises channel elevation);
meanders a new channel to achieve the dimension, pattern, and profile characteristic of a stable
stream for the particular valley type; and fills or isolates existing incised channel. This option
requires that the upstream start point of the project not be incised.
Priority 2 - Establishes a new floodplain at the existing bankfull elevation (i.e., excavates a
new floodplain); meanders channel to achieve the dimension, pattern, and profile characteristic
of a stable stream for the particular valley type; and fills or isolates existing incised.
Priority 3 - Converts a straight channel to a different stream type while leaving the existing
channel in place by excavating bankfull benches at the existing bankfull elevation. Effectively,
the valley for the stream is made more bowl-shaped. This approach uses in-stream structures to
dissipate energy through a step/pool channel type.
Priority 4 - Stabilizes the channel in place using in-stream structures and bioengineering to
decrease erosion of the stream bed and stream bank. This approach is typically used in highly
constrained environments.
2.0 NATURAL CHANNEL DESIGN OVERVIEW
Restoration design of degraded stream reaches first involves accurately diagnosing their current
condition. Understanding valley type, stream type, channel stability, bedform diversity, and potential
for restoration is essential to developing adequate restoration measures (Rosgen, 1996). This
combination of assessment and design is often referred to as natural channel design.
The first step in a stream restoration design is to assess the reach, its valley, and its watershed to
understand the relationship between the stream and its drainage basin and to evaluate the causes of
stream impairment. Bankfull discharge is estimated for the watershed. After sources of stream
impairment are identified and channel geometry is assessed, a plan for restoration can be formulated.
Design commences at the completion of the assessment stage. A series of iterative calculations are
performed using data from reference reaches, pertinent literature, and evaluation of past projects to
develop an appropriate stable cross-section, profile, and plan form dimensions for the design reach.
A thorough discussion of design parameter selection is provided in Section 2.5. The alignment
should avoid an entirely symmetrical layout to mimic natural variability, create a diversity of aquatic
habitats, and improve aesthetics.
Once a dimension, pattern, and profile have been developed for the project reach, the design is tested
to ensure that the new channel will not aggrade or degrade. A discussion of sediment transport
methodology is provided in Section 2.6.
After the sediment transport assessment, additional structural elements are then added to the design to
provide grade control, protect stream banks, and enhance habitat. Section 2.7 describes these in-
stream structures in detail.
Once the design is finalized, detailed drawings are prepared showing dimension, pattern, profile, and
location of additional structures. These drawings are used in the construction of the project.
Following the implementation of the design, a monitoring plan is established to:
• Ensure that stabilization structures are functioning properly
• Monitor channel response in dimension, pattern and profile, channel stability
(aggradation/degradation) particle size distribution of channel materials, and sediment
transport and stream bank erosion rates
• Determine biological response (food chains, standing crop, species diversity, etc.)
• Determine the extent to which the restoration objectives have been met.
3.0 GEOMORPHIC CHARACTERIZATION METHODOLOGY
Geomorphic characterization of stream features includes the bankfull identification, bed material
characterization and analysis, and stream classification.
3.1 Bankfull Identification
Correct identification of bankfull is important to the determination of geomorphic criteria such
as stream type, bank height ratios, width to depth ratios, and entrenchment ratios. Baker
Engineering's field techniques for bankfull identification are as follows:
• Identify the most consistent bankfull indicators along the reach that were obviously
formed by the stream, such as a point bar or lateral bar. Bankfull is usually the back of
this feature, unless sediment supply is high. In that case, the bar may flatten and bankfull
will be the front of the feature at the break in slope. The indicator is rarely the top of the
bank or lowest scour mark.
• Measure the difference in height between the water surface and the bankfull indicator.
For example, the indicator may be 2.2 feet above water surface. Bankfull stage
corresponds to a flow depth. It should not vary by more than a few tenths of a foot
throughout the reach, unless a tributary enters the reach and increases the size of the
watershed.
• Go to a stable riffle. If a bankfull indicator is not present at this riffle, use the height
measured in the previous step to establish the indicator. For example, measure 2.2 feet
above water surface and place a flag in both the right and left bank.
• Measure the distance from the left bank to the right bank between the indicators.
Calculate the cross-sectional area.
• Obtain the appropriate regional curve (e.g., rural Piedmont, urban Piedmont, Mountain,
or Coastal Plain) and determine the cross-sectional area associated with the drainage area
of the reach.
• Compare the measured cross-sectional area to that predicted by the regional curve. If the
measured cross-sectional area is not a close fit, look for other bankfull indicators and test
them. If there are no other indicators, look for reasons to explain the difference between
the two cross-sectional areas. For example, if the cross-sectional area of the stable riffle
is lower than the regional curve area, look for upstream impoundments, wetlands, or a
mature forested watershed. If the cross-sectional area is higher than the regional curve
area, look for stormwater drains, parking lots, or signs of channelization.
It is important to perform the bankfull verification at a stable riffle using indicators from
depositional features. The cross-sectional area will change with decreasing stability. In some
streams, bankfull indicators will not be present due to incision or maintenance. In such cases, it
is important to verify bankfull through other means such as a gauge station survey or reference
bankfull information that is specific to the geographic location. The gauge information can be
used, along with regional curve information, to estimate bankfull elevation in a project reach
that lacks bankfull indicators.
3.2 Bed Material Characterization
Baker Engineering typically performs bed material characterization using a modified Wolman
procedure (Wolman, 1954; Rosgen, 1996). A 100-count pebble count is performed in transects
across the streambed, with the number of riffle and pool transects being proportional to the
percentage of riffles and pools within the longitudinal distance of a given stream type. As
stream type changes, a separate pebble count is performed. The median particle size of the
modified Wolman procedure is known as the d5o. The d5o describes the bed material
classification for that reach. The bed material classification ranges from a classification of 1
for a channel d5o of bedrock to a classification of 6 for a channel d5o in the silt/clay particle size
range.
The modified Wolman pebble count is not appropriate for sand bed streams. When working in
sandbed systems, a bulk sampling procedure is used to characterize the bed material. Cores
(two to three inches deep) are sampled from the bed along the entire reach. These cores are
taken back to a lab and dry sieved to obtain a sediment size distribution. This information is
used to classify the stream and to complete the sediment transport analysis.
3.3 Stream Classification
Cross-sections are surveyed along stable riffles for the purpose of stream classification. Values
for entrenchment ratio and width/depth ratio, along with sinuosity and slope, are used to
classify the stream. The entrenchment ratio (ER) is calculated by dividing the flood-prone
width (width measured at twice the maximum bankfull depth) by the bankfull width. The
width/depth ratio (w/d ratio) is calculated by dividing bankfull width by mean bankfull depth).
Exhibit 1.5 shows examples of the channel dimension measurements used in the Rosgen stream
classification system.
Finally, the numbers associated with each bed material classification used are used to further
classify the stream type. For example, a Rosgen E3 stream type is a narrow and deep, cobble-
dominated channel with access to a floodplain that is greater than two times its bankfull width.
4.0 CHANNEL STABILITY ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
Baker Engineering uses a modified version of stream channel stability assessment methodology
developed by Rosgen (2001a). The Rosgen method is a field assessment of the following stream
channel characteristics:
• Stream Channel Condition
• Vertical Stability
• Lateral Stability
• Channel Pattern
• River Profile and Bed Features
• Channel Dimension Relations
• Channel Evolution.
This field exercise is followed by the evaluation of various channel dimension relationships. The
evaluation of the above characteristics leads to a determination of a channel's current state, potential
for restoration, and appropriate restoration activities. A description of each category is provided in
the following sections.
4.1 Stream Channel Condition Observations
Stream channel conditions are observed during initial field inspection (stream walk). Baker
Engineering notes the follow characteristics:
• Riparian vegetation - concentration, composition, and rooting depth and density
• Sediment depositional patterns - such as mid-channel bars and other depositional features
that indicate aggradation and can lead to negative geomorphic channel adjustments
• Debris occurrence - presence or absence of woody debris
• Meander patterns - general observations with regard to the type of adjustments a stream
will make to reach equilibrium
• Altered states due to direct disturbance - such as channelization, berm construction, and
floodplain alterations.
These qualitative observations are useful in the assessment of channel stability. They provide a
consistent method of documenting stream conditions that allows comparison across different
sets of conditions. The observations also help explain the quantitative measurements described
below.
4.2 Vertical Stability - Degradation/Aggradation
The bank height and entrenchment ratios are measured in the field to assess vertical stability.
The bank height ratio is measured as the ratio of the lowest bank height divided by a maximum
bankfull depth. Table 1 shows the relationship between bank height ratio (BHR) and vertical
stability developed by Rosgen (2001a).
Table 1
Conversion of Bank Height Ratio (Degree of Incision) to Adjective Rankings of Stability (Rosgen, 2001a)

Stable (low risk of degradation) 1.0-1.05
Moderately unstable 1.06-1.3
Unstable (high risk of degradation) 1.3- 1.5
Highly unstable > 1.5
The entrenchment ratio is measured as the width of the floodplain at twice the maximum
bankfull depth. If the entrenchment ratio is less than 1.4 (+/- 0.2), the stream is considered
entrenched (Rosgen, 1996).
4.3 Lateral Stability
The degree of lateral containment (confinement) and potential lateral erosion are assessed in the
field by measuring the meander width ratio (MWR) and the Bank Erosion Hazard Index
(BEHI) (Rosgen, 200 la). The MWR is the meander belt width divided by the bankfull channel
width, and provides insight into lateral channel adjustment processes depending on stream type
and degree of confinement. For example, a MWR of 3.0 often corresponds with a sinuosity of
1.2, which is the minimum value for a stream to be classified as meandering. If the MWR is
less than 3.0, lateral adjustment is probable. BEHI ratings along with near bank shear stress
estimates can be compared to data from monitored sites and used to estimate the annual lateral
stream bank erosion rate.
4.4 Channel Pattern
Channel pattern is assessed in the field by measuring the stream's plan features including radius
of curvature, meander wavelength, meander belt width, stream length, and valley length.
Results are used to compute the meander width ratio (described above), ratio of radius of
curvature to bankfull width, sinuosity, and meander wavelength ratio (meander wavelength
divided by bankfull width). These dimensionless ratios are compared to reference reach data
for the same valley and stream type to assess whether channel pattern has been impacted.
4.5 River Profile and Bed Features
A longitudinal profile is created by measuring and plotting elevations of the channel bed, water
surface, bankfull, and low bank height. Profile points are surveyed at prescribed intervals and
at significant breaks in slope such as the head of a riffle or the head of a pool. This profile can
be used to assess changes in river slope compared to valley slope, which affect sediment
transport, stream competence, and the balance of energy. For example, the removal of large
woody debris may increase the step/pool spacing and result in excess energy and subsequent
channel degradation. Facet (e.g., riffle, run, pool) slopes of each individual feature are
important for stability assessment and design.
4.6 Channel Dimension Relations
The bankfull width/depth ratio provides an indication of departure from reference reach
conditions and relates to channel stability. A greater width/depth ratio compared to reference
conditions may indicate accelerated stream bank erosion, excessive sediment deposition, stream
flow changes, and alteration of channel shape (e.g., from channelization). A smaller
width/depth ratio compared to reference conditions may indicate channel incision and
downcutting. Both increases and decreases in width/depth ratio can indicate evolutionary shifts
in stream type (i.e., transition of one stream type to another). Table 2 shows the relationship
between the degree of width/depth ratio increase and channel stability developed by Rosgen
(2001a).
Table 2
Conversion of Width/Depth Ratios to Adjective Ranking of Stability (Rosgen, 2001a)

Very stable 1.0
Stable 1.0-1.2
Moderately unstable 1.21-1.4
Unstable > 1.4
While an increase in width/depth ratio is associated with channel widening, a decrease in
width/depth ratio is associated with channel incision. For incised channels, the ratio of channel
width/depth ratio to reference reach width/depth ratio will be less than 1.0. The reduction in
width/depth ratio indicates excess shear stress and movement of the channel toward an unstable
condition.
4.7 Channel Evolution
Simon's channel evolution model (introduced in Section 2.1.5) relies on a qualitative, visual
assessment of the existing stream channel characteristics (bank height, evidence of
degradation/aggradation, presence of bank slumping, direction of bed and bank movement,
etc.). Establishing the evolutionary stage of the channel helps ascertain whether the system is
moving towards greater stability or instability. The model also provides a better understanding
of the cause and effect of channel change. This information, combined with Rosgen's (1994)
priority levels of restoration aids in determining the restoration potential of unstable reaches.
5.0 DESIGN PARAMETER SELECTION METHODOLOGY
Baker Engineering uses a combination of approaches to develop design criteria for channel
dimension, pattern, and profile. These approaches are described in the following sections. A flow
chart for selecting design criteria is shown in Exhibit 1.6.
5.1 Upstream Reference Reaches
The best option for developing design criteria is to locate a reference reach upstream of the
project site. A reference reach is a channel segment that is stable-neither aggrading nor
degrading- and is of the same morphological type as the channel under consideration for
restoration. The reference reach should also have a similar valley slope as the project reach.
The reference reach is then used as the blueprint for the channel design (Rosgen, 1998). To
account for differences in drainage area and discharge between a reference site and a project
site, data on channel characteristics (dimension, pattern, and profile), in the form of
dimensionless ratios, are developed for the reference reach. If the reach upstream of the project
does not have sufficient pattern, but does have a stable riffle cross-section, only dimension
ratios are calculated. It is ideal to measure a reference bankfull dimension that was formed
under the same environmental influences as the project reach.
5.2 Reference Reach Searches
If a reference reach cannot be located upstream of the project reach, a review of a reference
reach database is performed. A database search is conducted to locate known reference reaches
in close proximity to the project site. The search includes streams with the same valley as the
project reach and stream type as the design. If references are found meeting these criteria, the
reference reach is field-surveyed for validation and comparison with the database values which
may have been originally collected and provided by a third party. If a search of the database
reveals no references which meet the appropriate criteria, a field search is performed locally to
identify a reference reach which has not yet been surveyed.
Potential reference reaches are identified by first evaluating U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
topographic quadrangles and aerial photography for an area. In general, the search is limited to
subwatersheds within or adjacent to the project watershed. In certain cases, a reference reach
may be identified farther away that matches the same valley and stream type as the proposed
design of the project site. In such a case, care is taken to ensure that the potential reference
reach lies within the same physiographic region as the project reach. Potential reference sites
identified on maps are then field-evaluated to determine if they are stable systems of the
appropriate stream and valley type. If appropriate, reference reach surveys are conducted.
When potential sites are located on private property, landowner permission is acquired prior to
any survey work being conducted.
5.3 Reference Reach Databases
If a reference reach is not found in close proximity to the project site, a reference reach
database is consulted and summary ratios are acquired for all streams with the same valley and
stream type within the project's physiographic region. These ratios are then compared to
literature values and regime equations along with ratios developed through the evaluation of
successful projects.
5.4 Regime Equations
Baker Engineering uses a variety of published journals, books, and design manuals to cross-
reference North Carolina database values with peer-reviewed regime equations. Examples
include Fluvial Forms and Processes by Knighton (1988), Mountain Rivers by Wohl (2000),
and the Hydraulic Design of Stream Restoration Projects (Copeland et al., 2001) by the US
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The most common regime equations used in our designs
are for pattern. For example, most reference reach surveys in the eastern United States show
radius of curvature divided by bankfull width ratios much less than 1.5. However, the USACE
manual recommends a ratio greater than 2.0 to maintain stability in free-forming systems.
Since most stream restoration projects are constructed on floodplains denude of woody
vegetation, we often use the USACE-recommended value rather than reference reach data.
Meander wavelength and pool-to-pool spacing ratios are examples of other parameters that are
sometimes designed with higher ratios than those observed on reference reaches, for similar
reasons as described for radius of curvature.
5.5 Comparison to Past Projects
All of the above techniques for developing ratios and/or regime equations are compared to past
projects built with similar conditions. Ultimately, these sites provide the best pattern and
profile ratios because they reflect post-construction site conditions. While most reference
reaches are in mature forests, restoration sites are in floodplains with little or no mature woody
vegetation. This lack of mature woody vegetation severely alters floodplain processes and
stream bank conditions. If past ratios did not provide adequate stability or bedform diversity,
they are not used. Conversely, if past project ratios created stable channels with optimal
bedform diversity; they will be incorporated into the design.
Ultimately, the design criteria are selections of ratios and equations made upon a thorough
evaluation of the above tasks. Combinations of approaches may be used to optimize the design.
The final selection of design criteria for the restoration site is discussed in Section 7.0.
6.0 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT COMPETENCY AND CAPACITY
METHODOLOGY
The purpose of sediment transport analysis is to ensure that the stream restoration design creates a
stable channel that does not aggrade or degrade over time. The overriding assumption is that the
project reach should be transporting all the sediment delivered from upstream sources, thereby being
a "transport" reach and classified as a Rosgen "C" or "E" type channel. For sand-bed channels,
empirical relationships from stable sand-bed channels in North Carolina are used for this analysis.
Sediment transport is typically assessed by computing channel competency, capacity, or both.
Sediment transport competency is a measure of force (lbs/ft2) that refers to the stream's ability to
move a given grain size. Quantitative assessments include shear stress, tractive force, and critical
dimensionless shear stress. Since these assessments help determine a size class that is mobile under
certain flow conditions, they are most important in gravel bed studies in which the bed material
ranges in size from sand to cobble (of which only a fraction are mobile during bankfull conditions).
In sand-bed systems, all particle sizes are mobile during bankfull flows; therefore, there is no need to
determine the maximum particle size that the stream can transport. Comparing the design shear stress
values for a project reach to those computed for sand-bed reference reaches does provide a useful
comparison to determine if the stresses predicted for the design channels are within the range of those
found in stable systems.
Shear stress placed on sediment particles within a stream channel may be estimated by the following
equation:
i = yRS, where Equation (1)
i = shear stress (lb/ft)
y = specific gravity of water (62.4 lb/ft3)
R = hydraulic radius (ft)
S = average channel slope (ft/ft)
Shear stress values are calculated for each design reach and plotted against values from sand-bed
reference stream data from the Coastal Plain, as shown in Figure 1. If the predicted design shear
stress values fall within the range of values documented for stable reference channels, it is assumed
that shear stresses within the design reaches will be appropriate to maintain a stable channel.
Figure 1
Bankfull Shear Stress Versus Channel Slope for Coastal Plain Reference Reaches.
0.300
NC Sand Bed Reference Reaches
.. 0.250
N

--- 95% Confidence Interval
0.200

0.150

0.100
y=37.547x+0.026
2
W 0
050 R
=0.96
.
0
000
.
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005
Slope (ft/ft)
For sand-bed streams, sediment transport capacity is a much more important analysis tool than
competency. Sediment transport capacity refers to the stream's ability to move a mass of sediment
past a cross-section per unit of time, expressed in pounds/second or tons/year. Sediment transport
capacity can be assessed directly, using actual monitored data from bankfull events, if a sediment
transport rating curve has been developed for the project site. Since this is extremely difficult, other
empirical relationships are used to assess sediment transport capacity. The most common capacity
equation is stream power. While stream power can be calculated a number of ways,
geomorphologists most commonly use:
co = yQS/W, where
Equation (2)
(= mean stream power in W/mz
y = specific weight of water (9,810 N/m3); y = pg where p is the density of the water-
sediment mixture (1,000 kg/m3) and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2)
Q = bankfull discharge in m3/s
S = design channel slope (dimensionless)
W = bankfull channel width in meters
Note: 1 ft-lb/sec/ft2 = 14.56 W/mz
Equation 2 does not provide a sediment transport rating curve; however, it does describe the stream's
ability to accomplish work (i.e. move sediment). For this analysis, stream power values are
calculated and plotted against the range of stream power values documented for stable reference
streams, as shown in Figure 2. If the design values fall within the range of values given for stable
reference streams, then the analysis provides confidence that the design stream will be able to
transport its sediment load.
Figure 2
Stream Power and Channel Slope for Coastal Plain Reference Reaches.
12.000
-- 10.000 NC Sand Bed Reference Reaches
- - - 95% Confidence Interval
8.000
_ s-
6.000
o
S 4.000
i y=1941.8x-0.9181
L1 Rz=0.9011
N 2.000
0.000
0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005
Slope (ft/ft)
As an additional check of stream design stability, the design width-to-depth ratios (W/D) are plotted
against slope and compared with data from sand-bed reference reaches in the Coastal Plain. Data
collected on sand-bed systems in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina indicate a strong correlation
between W/D and slope, with W/D decreasing as channel slope increases. The design W/D ratios are
compared with reference reach data in Figure 3, which shows bankfull W/D ratio versus channel
slope. If the design points for the design reaches fall within the range of W/D values shown for
reference reaches under similar slope conditions, it is even more likely that the design dimensions of
the restored channels will remain stable.
Figure 3
Width-to-depth Ratio (W/D) and Channel Slope for Coastal Plain Reference Reaches.
20
18 -------------------------
? ? NC Sand Bed Reference Reaches
16 ----- -
14 - ? - - - - - - - - - - - 95% Confidence Interval -
12 ???? --- _ -
10 - ? -
4 Y = -1280x + 13.667 _ _ _ _ ' - , - ? _ _
R2 - 0.57
0
0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008
Slope (ft/ft)
7.0 IN-STREAM STRUCTURES
There are a variety of in-stream structural elements used in restoration. Exhibit 1.7 illustrates a few
typical structures. These elements are comprised of natural materials such as stone, wood, and live
vegetation. Their shape and location works with the flow dynamics to reinforce, stabilize, and
enhance the function of the stream channel. In-stream structures provide three primary functions:
grade control, stream bank protection, and habitat enhancement.
7.1 Grade Control
Grade control pertains mainly to the design bed profile. A newly excavated gravel stream bed
with a slope greater than 0.5 percent is seldom able to maintain the desired slopes and bed
features (riffles, runs, pools and glides) until a pavement/sub-pavement layer has been
established. Stone and/or log structures installed at the bed elevation and at critical locations in
the plan view help to set up the new stream bed for long-term vertical stability. Over time, as
the new channel adjusts to its sediment transport regime and vegetative root mass establishes
on the banks, the need for grade control diminishes.
7.2 Bank Protection
Bank protection is critical during and after construction as bank and floodplain vegetation is
establishing a reinforcing root mass. This vegetation establishment lasts for several years, but
vegetation is typically providing meaningful bank protection after two to four growing seasons.
Bank protection structures generally provide both reinforcement to the stream banks and re-
direction of flow away from the banks and toward the center of the channel.
7.3 Habitat Enhancement
Habitat enhancement can take several forms and is often a secondary function of grade control
and bank protection structures. The flow of water over vanes and wing deflectors creates scour
pools, which provide diversity of in-stream habitat. Boulder clusters form eddies that provide
resting places for aquatic species. Constructed riffles and vane structures encourage
oxygenation of the water. Root wads provide cover and shade, and encourage the formation of
deep pools at the outside of meander bends.
7.4 Selection of Structure Types
Table 3 summarizes the names and functions of several in-stream structures.
Table 3
Functions of In-Stream Structures (Rosgen, 2001b)

Cross Vane 1 1 2
Single Arm Vane 1 2
J-Hook Vane 1 2
Constructed Riffle 1 1 2
Log Weir 1 2
Wing Deflector 2 1 1
Boulder Cluster I
Root Wad 1 I
Brush Mattress 1 2
Cover Log 1
The selection of structure types and locations typically follows dimension, pattern, and profile
design. In some situations, structure installation comprises the main, or possibly only, effort
required to restore a stream. More often, structures are used in conjunction with grading,
realignment, and planting in an effort to improve channel stability and aquatic habitat.
8.0 VEGETATION
The planting of additional and/or more desirable vegetation is an important aspect of the restoration
plan. Vegetation helps stabilize stream banks, creates habitat and a food source for wildlife, lowers
water temperature by stream shading, improves water quality by filtering overland flows, and
improves the aesthetics of the site.
The reforestation component of a restoration project typically includes live dormant staking of the
stream banks, riparian buffer plantings, invasive species removal, and seeding for erosion control.
The stream banks and the riparian area are typically planted with both woody and herbaceous
vegetation to establish a diverse streamside buffer. Establishing vegetation along the stream banks is
a very desirable means of erosion control because of the dynamic, adaptive, and self-repairing
qualities of vegetation. Vegetative root systems stabilize channel banks by holding soil together,
increasing porosity and infiltration, and reducing soil saturation through transpiration. During high
flows, plants lie flat and stems and leaves shield and protect the soil surface from erosion. In most
settings, vegetation is more aesthetically appropriate than engineered stabilization structures.
Stream banks are delineated into four zones when considering a planting scheme:
1. Channel bottom - extending up to the low flow stage. Emergent, aquatic plants dominate
bank range, extending from the low flow stage to the bankfull stage
2. Lower bank - frequently flooded, extending from the low flow stage to the bankfull stage. A
mix of herbaceous and woody plants including sedges, grasses, shrubs and trees
3. Upper bank - occasionally flooded, but most often above water. Dominated by shrubs and
small trees.
4. Riparian area - infrequently flooded, terrestrial, and naturally forested with canopy-forming
trees.
The most appropriate source of plant material for any project is the site itself. Desirable plants that
need to be removed in the course of construction should be salvaged and transplanted as part of the
restoration plan. The next best alternative is to obtain permission to collect and transplant native
plants from nearby areas. This transplant process ensures that the plants are native and adapted to the
locale. Finally, plants may need to be purchased. They should be obtained from a nearby reputable
nursery that guarantees that the plants are native and appropriate for the locale and climate of the
project site.
8.1 Live Staking
Live staking is a method of revegetation that utilizes live, dormant cuttings from appropriate
species to cheaply, and effectively establish vegetation. The installation of live stakes on
stream banks serves to protect the banks from erosion and at the same time provide habitat,
shade and improved aesthetics. Live staking must take place during the dormant season
(November to March in the southeast US). Live stakes can be gathered locally or purchased
from a reputable commercial supplier. Stakes should be at least '/2 inches in diameter and no
more than 2 inches in diameter, between 2 and 3 feet in length, and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes are cut at an angle on the bottom end and
driven into the ground with a rubber mallet.
8.2 Riparian Buffer Re-Vegetation
Riparian buffers are areas of perennial vegetation adjacent to rivers and streams and are
associated with a number of benefits. Buffers are important in nutrient and pollutant removal
in overland flow and may provide for additional subsurface water quality improvement in the
shallow groundwater flow. Buffers provide habitat and travel corridors for wildlife populations
and are an important recreational resource. It is also important to note that riparian buffer areas
help to moderate the quantity and timing of runoff from the upland landscape and contribute to
the groundwater recharge process.
Buffers are most valuable and effective when comprised of a combination of trees, shrubs, and
herbaceous plants. Although width generally increases the capacity of riparian buffers to
improve water quality and provide greater habitat value, even buffers less than 85 feet wide
have been shown to improve water quality and habitat (Budd et al., 1987). An estimated
minimum width of 30 feet is required for creating beneficial forest structure and riparian
habitat.
In stream and wetland restoration, where buffer width is often limited, the following design
principles apply:
• Design for sheet flow into and across the riparian buffer area.
• If possible, the width of the riparian buffer area should be proportional to the watershed
area, the slope of the terrain, and the velocity of the flow through the buffer.
• Forest structure should include understory and canopy species. Canopy species are
particularly important adjacent to waterways to moderate stream temperatures and to
create habitat.
• Use native plants that are adapted to the site conditions (e.g., climate, soils, and
hydrology). In suburban and urban settings riparian forested buffers do not need to
resemble natural ecosystems to improve water quality and habitat.
9.0 RISK RECOGNITION
It is important to recognize the risks inherent in the assessment, design, and construction of
environmental restoration projects. Such endeavors involve the interpretation of existing conditions
to deduce appropriate design criteria, the application of those criteria to design, and, most
importantly, the execution of the construction phase. There are many factors that ultimately
determine the success of these projects and many of the factors are beyond the influence of a
designer. To compile all of the factors is beyond the scope of this report. Further, it is impossible to
consider and to design for all of them. However, it is important to acknowledge those factors such as
daily temperatures, the amount and frequency of rainfall during and following construction,
subsurface conditions, and changes in watershed characteristics, that are beyond the control of the
designer.
Many restoration sites will require some post-construction maintenance, primarily because newly
planted vegetation plays a large role in channel and floodplain stability. Stream restoration projects
are most vulnerable to adjustment and erosion immediately after construction, before vegetation has
had a chance to become fully established. Risk of instability diminishes with each growing season.
Streams and floodplains usually become self-maintaining after the second year of growth. However,
unusually heavy floods often cause erosion, deposition and/or loss of vegetation in even the most
stable channels and forested floodplains.
Maintenance issues and recommended remediation measures will be detailed and documented in the
as-built and monitoring reports. Factors that may have caused any maintenance needs, including any
of the conditions listed above, shall be discussed.
10.0 REFERENCES
Budd, W.W, P.L. Cohen, P.R. Saunders and F.R. Steiner, 1987. Stream corridor management in the
Pacific Northwest: L Determination of stream corridor widths. Environmental Management.
Bunte, K. and S. Abt, 2001. Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable
gravel- and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed
monitoring. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-74. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 428 p. Fort Collins, CO
Copeland, R.R, D.N. McComas, C.R. Thorne, P.J. Soar, M.M. Jones, and J.B. Fripp, 2001. United
States Army Corps of Engineers. Hydraulic Design of Stream Restoration Projects.
Washington, DC.
Dunne, T. and L. B. Leopold, 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W. H. Freeman and
Company. New York, NY:
Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group (FISRWG), 1998. Stream Corridor
Restoration: Principles, Processes and Practices. National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA.
Gomez, B., 1991. Bedload Transport. Earth-Science Reviews 31, 89-132., Amsterdam, Holland.
Harman, W.A., G.D. Jennings, J.M. Patterson, D.R. Clinton, L.O. Slate, A.G. Jessup, J.R. Everhart,
and R.E. Smith, 1999. Bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships for North Carolina streams.
Wildland Hydrology. AWRA Symposium Proceedings. Edited by: D. S. Olsen and J. P.
Potyondy. American Water Resources Association. June 30-July 2, 1999. Bozeman, MT.
Inglis, C.C. 1947. Meanders and their bearing on river training. Institution of Civil Engineers,
Maritime and Waterways Engineering Division, Paper No. 7, 54 pp.
Knighton, David, 1988. Fluvial Forms and Processes. Rutledge, Chapman, and Hall, Inc. New
York, NY.
Lane, E. W., 1955. Design of stable channels. Transactions of the American Society of Civil
Engineers. Paper No. 2776. pp. 1234-1279.
Leopold, L. B., M. G. Wolman and J. P. Miller, 1992. Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology. Dover
Publications, Inc. New York, NY.
Leopold, L.B., 1994. A View of the River. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
McCandless, T. L., 2003. Maryland Stream Survey: Bank-full Discharge and Channel
Characteristics of Streams in the Allegheny Plateau and the Valley and Ridge Hydrologic
Regions. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD.
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A Classification of Natural Rivers. Catena 22:169-199. Pagosa Springs, Colo.
Rosgen, D.L., 1996. Applied River Morphology. Wildland Hydrology Books, Pagosa Springs, Colo.
Rosgen, D.L., 1997. A geomorphological approach to restoration of incised rivers. In: Wang, S.S.Y,
E.J. Langendoen, and F.D. Shields, Jr. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Conference on
Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision. pp. 12-22.
Rosgen, D.L., 1998. The reference reach - a blueprint for natural channel design. Draft Presented at
ASCE Conference on River Restoration in Denver Colorado - March, 1998. ASCE. Reston,
VA.
Rosgen, D.L., 2001a. A stream channel stability assessment methodology. Proceedings of the
Federal Interagency Sediment Conference, Reno, NV, March, 2001.
Rosgen, D. L., 200 lb. The Cross-Vane, W-Weir and J-Hook Vane Structures... Their Description,
Design and Application for Stream Stabilization and River Restoration. Published By: ASCE
conference, Reno, NV, August, 2001.
Schumm, S.A., 1960. The shape of alluvial channels in relation to sediment type. US Geological
Survey Professional Paper 352-B. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
Simon, A., 1989. A model of channel response in disturbed alluvial channels. Earth Surface
Processes and Landforms 14(1):11-26.
Soar and Thorne, 2001. Channel restoration design for meandering rivers. US Army Corps of
Engineers, Engineering Research and Development Center. Coastal and Hydraulics
Laboratory, ERDC\CHL CR-O1-1. September, 2001.
Wohl, E.E. 2000. Mountain Rivers. American Geophysical Union. Union Press, 320 pp.
Wolman, M. G. 1954. A method of sampling coarse river-bed material. American
Geophysical Union Transactions 35:951-956.
EXHIBITS
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Appendix 9
Wetland Restoration: Background Science and Methods
WETLAND RESTORATION:
BACKGROUND SCIENCE AND METHODS
1.0 THE IMPORTANCE OF WETLANDS
Wetlands are unique landscape features that can provide numerous benefits to ecosystems. They are
usually delineated based on three components: hydric soils, wetland hydrology, and hydrophytic
vegetation. Natural wetlands are generally formed when the geology and hydrology of an area allow
for surface or groundwater to accumulate near the soil surface. Wetlands offer unique habitats for
flora and fauna, remove nutrients and other contaminants, allow for surface water storage, and
recharge groundwater aquifers. Wetlands help to reduce the impacts of floods, improve water quality,
and provide aesthetic and recreational benefits (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000; King et al, 2000). The
functions performed by wetlands are site-specific, depending on the location in the ecosystem and
environmental conditions.
Many natural processes or anthropogenic activities can impact wetlands. Wetland restoration seeks to
restore wetland functions to areas that currently possess hydric soils but no longer support wetland
hydrology or vegetation. Wetland restoration design must take into consideration each of the three
components of wetlands (soils, hydrology, and vegetation). The following sections will provide an
overview of the restoration process used by Baker Engineering.
2.0 HYDRIC SOILS
Hydric soils are defined as soils that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long
enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper horizons (Federal
Register, July 13, 1994). Soil development is directly affected by the hydrology of an area, as well as
by its climate, parent material, time, soil organisms, and topography. Anaerobic conditions result in
specific soil biogeochemical processes, such as the retention of organic matter, the chemical reduction
of nitrogen (NOA iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), sulfur (S), and carbon (Q. When a soil is saturated,
aerobic microorganisms deplete the remaining oxygen in the system. As oxygen becomes more and
more limiting, anaerobic organisms begin to utilize oxidized soil components that are further reduced
(Mausbach et al, 1994). The first reaction that occurs under anaerobic conditions is the reduction of
nitrate. As the oxidation-reduction (redox) potential continues to decrease, manganese is reduced,
then iron, and finally, sulfur and carbon. The soil pH, temperature, and mineral content are all
important factors in the rates of transformation (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). These reduction
processes result in characteristic hydric soil indicators, such as the retention of organic matter, gleyed
soils, soils with low-matrix chromas, sulfur odor, etc.
There are two main types of hydric soils: organic soils and mineral soils. Organic soils, or Histosols,
are soils that have more than 30 percent organic matter to a depth of 40 centimeters and that develop
under nearly continuous saturation or inundation (Buol et al, 1989). These soils are also called peat
or mucks. All organic soils are considered to be hydric except for Folists, which occur on dry slopes.
Hydric soils with less than 30 percent organic matter are classified as mineral soils. When saturated
or inundated for extended periods of time, mineral soils develop characteristic indicators, which are a
result of depletion of oxygen within the soil (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000; US Department of
Agriculture (USDA), 1996a). The reduction of nitrogen, iron, and manganese forms hydric soil
indicators that are referred to as redoximorphic features (Vepraskas, 1996). Redoximorphic features
include, but are not limited to: gleyed soils, soils with low-matrix chroma, redox concentrations,
oxidized rhyzospheres, and iron and manganese concretions.
Wetlands are commonly referred to as the kidneys of the landscape (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000).
The analogy is applicable because wetlands filter the water that flows through them, trapping
sediment and sequestering nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous (Craft, 2000).
Wetland soils may be factors in changing the global cycles of nitrogen, sulfur, methane, and carbon
dioxide. Wetland soils help to return excess nitrogen to the atmosphere through denitrification. The
use of fossil fuels has greatly increased the amount of atmospheric sulfate. When these sulfates are
washed out of the atmosphere into wetlands, they can be reduced and even removed permanently
from the sulfur cycle (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Carbon can be sequestered into wetland soils,
helping to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations.
When hydric soils are converted to agriculture, changes to the soils' chemistry and structure often
occur. Once drained, wetland areas are typically graded smooth to improve surface drainage, a
process that removes much of the sites' natural topographic variability. The organic content of the
soils often decreases due to the oxidation caused by aeration. Concentrations of major and micro-
nutrients are often increased due to the application of fertilizers. "Loose" soil structures of many
wetland soils are typically converted to more blocky and massive structures, due to years of
mechanized equipment traffic. Plow pans, or layers of highly compacted soil, are often present
approximately 12 to 18 inches below the surface.
Assessment of on-site hydric soils begins with collected soil survey data from the Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS). Since soil survey data are collected on a regional scale, on-site
investigations begin by evaluating the accuracy of NRCS mapping. Soil borings are conducted across
the restoration site to confirm the presence of hydric soil series and the boundaries. Soil profiles are
recorded for each location. For hydrologic analysis purposes, measurements of in-situ saturated
hydraulic conductivity are also conducted. Under high water table conditions, the auger hole method,
as described by van Beers (1970), is used. Under lower water table conditions, a constant head
permeameter (amoozemeter) is used. Measurements are made at representative locations across the
site to determine the variability in hydraulic conductivity across the site.
3.0 WETLAND VEGETATION
Wetland hydrology and hydric soils create what can be considered a harsh environment for many
biotic organisms. Since many wetlands are only periodically inundated or saturated, water levels may
not be consistently high or low. Many aquatic plants are not able to flourish when wetlands
temporarily dry, and many xeric species are not able to adapt to conditions that are periodically wet.
Wetland plants have adapted to life in this unpredictable environment.
Wetland plants, also referred to as hydrophytic vegetation, possess a range of adaptations that enable
them to tolerate or avoid water stress. The three major types of adaptations are morphological,
physiological, and reproductive. Morphological adaptations enable plants to increase the oxygen
supply, either by growing into aerobic environments or by allowing oxygen to penetrate the anoxic
zone (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000). Various morphological adaptations that vascular plants may
exhibit are buttressed tree trunks, adventitious roots, shallow root systems, floating leaves,
hypertrophied lenticels, and/or multi-trunks.
Physiological adaptations to wetland environments include oxidized rhizospheres, changes in water
uptake, nutrient absorption, and respiration. Some species are capable of transferring oxygen from
the root system into the adjacent soil, producing oxidized rhizospheres surrounding the root. Under
saturated conditions, many hydric plants have no change in their nutrient uptake, whereas flood-
intolerant species lose the ability to control nutrient absorption (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2000).
Reproductive adaptations allow wetland vegetation to establish and grow within inundated soil
conditions. Some of these adaptations include prolonged seed viability (including production of a
large seed bank), timing of seed production in the non-saturated season, production of buoyant seeds,
flood-tolerant species, and germination of seeds while fruit is attached to the tree. These
reproductive, morphological, and hydrophytic adaptations allow wetland plants to flourish in
relatively harsh environments and create communities of plants adapted to wetland conditions.
Plant communities generally exist along a topographic gradient. Hill tops or southwest-facing slopes
tend to have the most xeric vegetation, whereas bottomlands tend to have the most mesic species.
These topographic gradients tend to have plant communities directly associated with them. It should
be noted that some species will be found in both xeric and mesic community types. Plant
communities are based on species assemblages and not on individual species. Hydrophytic
vegetation is defined by the USACE Wetland Delineation Manual as "the sum total of macrophytic
plant life that occurs in areas where the frequency and duration of inundation or soil saturation
produce permanently or periodically saturated soils of sufficient duration to exert a controlling
influence on the plant species present" (USACE, 1987). According to the manual, species that have
an indicator status of Obligate Wetland Plants (OBL), Facultative Wetland Plants (FACW), or
Facultative Plants (FAQ are considered to be typically adapted for life in wetlands or anaerobic soil
conditions. Typically, a wetland plant community contains more than 50 percent of the dominant
species as OBL, FACW, or FAC species.
When restoring wetlands, Baker Engineering utilizes native plants to approximate the community that
would naturally live within that physiographic community type. Species selection is based on
reference wetland vegetation analyses, professional knowledge of availability and viability of specific
plants, and expected post-restoration hydrologic conditions. Special emphasis is placed on re-
creating a community type that is adapted to the conditions of the restoration site. The re-creation is
accomplished by planting hard mast tress, lightly-seeded trees, and various understory or mid-canopy,
woody species. The utilization of hard mast species creates additional wildlife food sources and
allows for late, successional species to become established. The utilization of lightly-seeding species
allows for the faster development of wildlife cover and habitat. The planting of understory species
helps to ensure a more diverse plant community that will provide long-term benefits to wildlife.
4.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGY
Wetland hydrology is often sited as the primary driving force influencing wetland development,
function, and persistence (Gosselink and Turner, 1978; Shantz et al., 1990) and also one of the
hardest variables to assess and predict accurately. Hydrology drives the development of hydric soil
characteristics, water and soil chemistry, and hydrophytic plant communities. Most functions
commonly attributed to wetlands (water filtering, nutrient cycling, sediment trapping, ecosystem
diversity, etc.) are a direct result of the hydrologic characteristics of wetland systems. For these
reasons, Baker Engineering places significant emphasis on the correct assessment of wetland
hydrologic conditions, under both pre- and post-restoration conditions.
Assessment of wetland hydrology begins by touring the project site to observe hydrologic conditions.
When possible, site tours are conducted during dry times (several weeks following the last rainfall
event) and wet times (immediately following large rainfall events). Evaluation of site conditions
during dry periods provides valuable evidence about existing site function and indicates the
hydrologic variability across the site. Wetland hydrology assessments during dry periods focus on the
following key questions:
I . Are there areas that are currently exhibiting wetland hydrology? These areas require special
attention and will likely be subject to regulatory permit conditions.
2. Where are the areas of the site that appear especially dry? These areas will likely require the
greatest attention to restore wetland hydrology.
3. What are the sources of water on the site that can be manipulated during restoration?
Sources may include groundwater discharge, run-off, surface water flows, and stream flows.
Various design techniques are available for storing more water within the restoration site to
increase wetness. The primary source of water available will directly affect the type of
design that will be most effective at restoring wetland hydrology.
Evaluation during wet periods allows for observations regarding runoff patterns, areas of ponding and
water storage, flow routing, and surface flow interactions. Wetland hydrology assessments during
wet periods focus on the following key questions:
1. How is runoff currently being routed across the site? Most degraded sites have been
topographically manipulated to direct runoff to a drainage outlet as quickly as possible.
Restoration must reduce the loss of water from the site and restore water storage functions of
natural wetland sites.
2. Are there any surface water sources that could be used in the restoration design? Sources
may include ephemeral and intermittent ditches, drainage swales, and overland flow.
3. If steam flow or overbank flow is believed to have once contributed to wetland hydrology, can
these sources be restored? Evaluation of stream channels primarily involves the evaluation of
bankfull stage in relation to existing bank heights, whether streambed elevations can be
altered, and hydrologic trespass.
When necessary for accurate assessment of existing hydrologic conditions, monitoring wells are
installed to document local water table conditions. Wells are installed to a depth of approximately 40
inches, following the procedures outlined under USACE's Wetland Research Program (WRP)
Technical Note ERDC TN-WRAP-00-02 (July, 2000). Monitoring wells are typically installed as
combinations of automated and manually-read wells. Automated wells are installed in areas where
precise measurement of hydrologic conditions is necessary. Such areas may include areas near
drainage features, where the prediction of the drainage effect is needed, areas where the hydrologic
functioning is difficult to predict through visual assessments, and areas where the hydrologic status of
an area is questionable (i.e., does wetland hydrology exist?). Manually-read wells are typically read
on a monthly basis and are used to supplement the data collected with automated wells. Manual wells
are typically installed in areas where the hydrologic status is predictable based on visual assessments,
but measured data will allow for more conclusive evaluation of pre- and post-restoration conditions.
Manual wells, installed as piezometers, can also be installed in nests to determine the direction of
groundwater movement.
Accurate site mapping is essential to the evaluation of site hydrology and restoration design.
Topographic maps of the site are produced using either ground or aerial survey methods. Digital
elevation models (DEMs) are developed that include topographic contours (typically 1.0 foot
contours or less), locations of all drainage features and outlets, structures, existing wetland areas, and
monitoring well locations. DEMs are used to visually depict the hydrologic features of the site,
develop hydrologic model inputs, and evaluate proposed restoration practices.
5.0 WETLAND HYDROLOGIC ANALYSES
Hydrology data collected at the proposed restoration site is essential for documenting the hydrologic
conditions of the site at the time of collection; however, data collected over several months to a year
are limited for evaluating the site's long-term performance under varying rainfall and climatic
conditions. Existing condition data alone also provides little insight into how the site will perform
once restoration activities are completed. For these reasons, hydrologic modeling is often used to
further evaluate the potential restoration site.
The most common hydrologic model used by Baker Engineering to evaluate wetland hydrology is
DRAINMOD (version 5.1). DRAINMOD has been identified as an approved hydrologic tool for
assessing wetland hydrology by the NRCS (1997). DRAINMOD was developed by NC State
University for the study and design of water management systems on poorly-drained, shallow water
table soils. A combination of methods is used in the model to simulate infiltration, drainage, surface
runoff, evapotranspiration, and seepage processes on an hour-by-hour, day-by-day basis.
DRAINMOD was modified by Skaggs et al., (1991) for application to wetland determinations by the
addition of a counter that calculates the number of times the water table rises above a specified depth
and remains there for a given period during the growing season. For more information on
DRAINMOD and its application to high water table soils, review Skaggs (1980).
DRAINMOD is used to develop hydrologic simulation models to represent conditions at a variety of
locations across the proposed restoration area. Model parameters are selected based on field
measurements and professional judgment about site conditions. Rainfall and air temperature
information are collected from the nearest automated weather station. If automated weather stations
are too far away, automated rain gauges may be installed on site. Soil parameters are determined
from on-site evaluations of soil stratification and in-situ-measured hydraulic conductivity.
Measured field parameters are entered into the model, and initial model simulations are compared
with observed data collected from monitoring wells. To calibrate the model, parameters not
measured in the field are adjusted within the limits typically encountered under similar soil and
geomorphic conditions, until model simulations most closely match observed well data.
It is important to note that DRAINMOD uses simplifying assumptions to estimate water table depths.
When applied to a site with complex hydrologic processes, the model can be used to assess overall
trends and relationships but is unlikely to offer exact predictions of water table hydrology.
Calibration of the model is aimed at matching the relative response of water table drawdown and the
overall depth that the water table reaches at different times during the year. Once these objectives are
met, the model is assumed to adequately reflect the hydrologic response of the site to varying
precipitation and climatic events.
Once model simulations are developed that reflect the existing conditions of the site, other
simulations may be developed to represent the hydrology of the site after restoration practices have
been implemented. Inputs that describe the drainage features of the site are altered to represent the
restoration conditions. Inputs typically include: drainage feature spacing (increased due to the
removal of ditches), drainage feature depth (typically decreased when restoring an associated stream
and raising the streambed or filling and plugging drainage ditches), surface storage (increased through
scarification practices), and crop inputs (conversion to trees instead of row crops). Model simulations
are used to predict the changes in water table hydrology as a result of the proposed restoration
practices.
DRAINMOD computes daily water balance information and develops summaries that describe the
loss pathways for rainfall over the model simulation period. To compare long-term results, the
amounts of rainfall, infiltration, drainage, runoff, and evapotranspiration estimated for the existing
condition can be compared with simulations run for the proposed restoration practices. Infiltration
represents the amount of water that percolates into the soil and is lost via drainage or runoff.
Drainage is the loss of infiltrated water that travels through the soil profile and is discharged to the
drainage ditches or to underlying aquifers. Runoff is water that flows overland and reaches the
drainage ditches before infiltration. Evapotranspiration is water that is lost by the direct evaporation
of water from the soil or through the transpiration of plants. Comparisons may include average
annual amounts, annual maximums and minimums, and even day-to-day comparisons of hourly water
table hydrographs.
6.0 ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING WETLAND AREAS
Conditions across a potential restoration site will often vary dramatically. While much of the site
may be targeted for restoration due to lack of wetland hydrology and functions, there may be areas of
the site that still support wetland hydrology and wetland functions to some degree. These areas
require special consideration as part of a proposed restoration design.
The proposed project area is reviewed for the presence of wetlands and waters of the United States in
accordance with the provisions of Executive Order 11990, the Clean Water Act, and subsequent
federal regulations. Wetlands have been defined by the USACE as "those areas that are inundated or
saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under
normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated
soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas" [33 CFR
328.3(b) and 40 CFR 230.3 (t)]. Within the project area, locations that display one or more wetland
components are reviewed to determine the presence of wetlands using hydrophytic vegetation,
permanent or periodic inundation or saturation, and hydric soils.
Following an in-office review of the National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps, NRCS Soil Surveys,
and USGS Quadrangle maps, a pedestrian survey of the project area is made to investigate suspect
areas and to delineate all wetlands and waters of the U.S. The project area is examined utilizing the
jurisdictional definition detailed in the USACE Wetlands Delineation Manual. Supplementary
information to further support wetland determinations is found in the National List of Plant Species
that Occur in Wetlands: Southeast (Region 2) (Reed, 1988).
Baker Engineering collects data on the three wetland components and completes USACE wetland
determination field sheets for each identified wetland area. These sheets document the wetland
conditions that were observed on-site, including the presence of hydrophytic (wetland) vegetation,
hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. The wetland systems are also classified using the Classification
of the Natural Communities ofNorth Carolina, Third Approximation, by Schafale and Weakley
(1990). This classification system includes descriptions of all the natural community types in North
Carolina (112 types and subtypes), including vegetation, soils, physical environment, dynamics,
distinguishing features, examples, and associated rare plants. Wetlands are also classified using the
Hydrogeomorphic Classification of Wetlands (HGM) by Brinson (1993). Since HGM subtypes are
still being developed for North Carolina, HGM principles are used to describe the geomorphic setting,
water sources, hydrodynamics, and functioning of identified wetland systems.
Where jurisdictional wetlands are identified, the wetland boundary is flagged with marking tape, at
intervals of 25 to 50 feet. Baker Engineering follows the USACE Wilmington District procedures for
survey and recordation of wetland boundaries. Surveys of wetland boundaries are conducted with
either sub-meter accuracy Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment or total station survey
equipment. A professional land surveyor (PLS) oversees any detailed land surveys. Wetland
drawings are prepared using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and/or computer aided design
and drafting (CADD) applications and submitted to USACE and the NCDWQ for jurisdictional
determination and verification when required.
7.0 REFERENCE WETLANDS
Reference wetlands are natural wetland systems that are similar in function and geomorphic setting to
the proposed restoration site. Reference wetlands can be used as templates for the proposed
restoration design. Data collected from reference wetland sites, including vegetation communities,
hydrologic characteristics, and topographic features, can provide valuable information for the
evaluation of proposed restoration practices. Analysis of the vegetation communities within the
reference site is used as a tool for developing the planting plan for the restoration site. Reference
wetlands can also be used for comparison purposes to determine whether the restored wetland site is
on a trajectory for success during the required monitoring period.
The reference wetland site should be located as close to the proposed restoration site as possible. The
reference wetland should be of the same hydrogeomorphic classification as the proposed restoration
site, and generally located within the same climatic, physiographic, and ecological region. Soil
characteristics should closely match those of the proposed restoration site. Fully functioning wetland
systems appropriate for reference sites may be difficult to locate in some areas; as a result, reference
sites are often located some distance from the restoration site.
Once a potential reference site is located, Baker Engineering secures landowner permission to further
evaluate the area as a potential reference site. On-site evaluations are similar to those previously
described for jurisdictional wetland areas on restoration sites and include the documentation of
vegetation communities, soil series, and visual observations regarding wetland hydrology. USACE
wetland determination field sheets are completed for the reference wetland.
If the reference site is found to be appropriate for the restoration project, several groundwater wells
are installed across the reference site to capture the range of hydrologic conditions. Automated and
manual wells are generally installed in combination, with automated wells installed at the wettest and
driest extremes of conditions and manual wells installed in more average conditions. This approach
allows for accurate documentation of the hydrologic range of conditions across the site. Well data are
downloaded monthly throughout the required monitoring period.
8.0 WETLAND RESTORATION TECHNIQUES
Restoration techniques will vary by the type of wetland to be restored and the goals of the restoration.
The purpose of this section is to describe some of the techniques that Baker Engineering commonly
uses to restore lost functions and values on wetland restoration sites.
8.1 Restoration Techniques for Wetland Hydrology
The restoration of appropriate hydrology is the cornerstone of any wetland restoration project.
Without the appropriate hydrology, all other wetland functions will be compromised. Several
commonly used techniques are described below.
Restoration of Stream Channels - Many wetland restoration sites will contain stream channels
that have been channelized and straightened. Channelization of streams lowers the baseflow
water elevation in the channel, lowers the adjacent water table, increases the loss of water from
the site through both increased surface and subsurface drainage, and decreases the frequency
and severity of flooding events on adjacent lands.
The restoration of stream channels to restore wetland hydrology involves raising the streambed
elevation such that the stream is reconnected to the abandoned hydric floodplain (i.e.,
agricultural fields). This process raises the local water table by raising the elevation of the
drainage outlet, and restores a natural flooding regime to the site. For more information on
stream restoration practices, see Sections 2.1, 2.2, and 2.5.
Filling and Blocking of Drainage Features - Drainage features may include ditches, channels,
swales, and subsurface drains. Ditches are the most common drainage feature encountered on
agricultural sites. Ditches are generally constructed on parallel spacings that are based on the
drainage characteristics of the soils. Ditches and subsurface drains provide an outlet for
subsurface drainage that is often several feet lower than the surrounding ground elevation. The
effect is that groundwater moves toward the ditches where it is discharged, thus lowering the
water table elevation.
Filling and blocking of drainage features removes the drainage effect they provide. The choice
between partially blocking and completely filling the drainage features is primarily driven by
the amount of soil that must be disposed of during construction. When there is an excess of soil
to be disposed of, ditches and swales are completely filled. When the quantity of soil for
disposal is limited, ditches and swales are blocked by partially filling, or plugging, the features
at specific locations. Plugs are at least 50 to 100 feet in length, and soil material placed for the
plugs is compacted with heavy equipment, used on site during construction. The actual length
of the plugs will be based on the predicted hydraulic conductivity of the compacted fill
material. The spacing between plugs will vary, depending on the slope of the site and the
amount of soil for disposal.
Once ditches have been filled in or plugged, additional fill material will be piled over the filled
ditch to a height of no more than six inches, to allow for subsidence and settling of the fill over
time. Without additional material, settling of the fill could cause the drainage feature to
partially reform over time and affect the hydrology of the site.
Subsurface drains, such as tiles and plastic pipe, are located and excavated so that they no
longer function. Once drains have been removed, excavated soil material is placed back in the
excavated trench and compacted.
Run-off Diversions - In some areas, it is beneficial to construct shallow diversions and swales
to direct surface water run-off into the site. This practice is commonly used when restoration
areas are adjacent to long hill slopes, where significant amounts of run-off may be produced
during large rain events. The diversions are used to direct the run-off to areas of the restoration
site where the additional water inputs are most needed.
Shallow Depressions and Floodplain Pools - To increase the diversity of hydrologic conditions
across the site, shallow depressions and floodplain pools can be excavated or created by leaving
sections of ditches only partially filled in certain areas. The depressions are constructed to
mimic the function of natural sloughs and pools commonly found across many wetland
ecosystems. These areas provide increased surface storage of precipitation and floodwaters,
improve biotic diversity, and provide breeding areas for a number of amphibian and reptile
species.
Depressions and pools are generally constructed to be less than one foot deep. The size of
depressions can vary, depending on the site; however, depressions 200 feet by 100 feet are
typical of many sites. The depressions are designed to hold water for extended periods, ranging
from several weeks to many months. For many amphibian species, it is crucial that the pools
dry up completely during the late summer months. These ephemeral pools are typically
constructed in higher elevation areas away from the active stream channel. For other species,
pools that retain some degree of ponded water throughout the year are most beneficial. These
features, which represent backwater sloughs, oxbow ponds, and floodplain pools, are typically
constructed near the active stream channel, where the high water table conditions and frequent
flooding will maintain water levels in the pools.
Restoration of Microtopography - In order to improve drainage and increase agricultural
production, farmed wetland soils are often graded to a smooth surface and crowned to enhance
run-off. Microtopography contributes to the properties of forest soils and to the diversity and
patterns of plant communities (Lutz, 1940; Stephens, 1956; Bratton, 1976; Ehmfeld, 1995).
The introduction of microtopography also increases surface storage on the site, reducing run-off
and erosion and enhancing infiltration.
Microtopography is established on the restored site after design grades have been achieved,
using the procedures described by Scherrer (2000). The equipment should leave a furrow
approximately seven feet wide and six inches deep, and a corresponding mound approximately
seven feet wide and six inches high. The equipment should be run in parallel lines
approximately 25 feet apart, and then over the same area in "figure 8" patterns to create a
random pattern of interconnected and isolated furrows and ridges, as shown in Figure 1.
The actual distance between furrows and mounds and the height of the mounds can be adjusted
depending on the targeted amount of surface storage to be restored.
Figure 1
Typical Pattern of Restored Wetland Microtopography (Scherrer, 2000).
-1
10

8.2 Restoration Techniques for Wetland Soils
Soil Scarification and Tillage - Disking and tillage practices commonly used in agriculture can
be used to break the plow pan and reduce compaction of the soil caused by years of agricultural
production. Tillage practices will also be used to remove any field crowns, restoring a more
natural topography to the site. When necessary, rippers will be used to till to depths of 12 to 18
inches to break any compacted pan layers.
Soil Amendments - Samples of top soil from the site can be collected and tested to determine
soil fertility and chemical properties. If necessary, soil amendments (fertilizer, lime, etc.) will
be applied at rates appropriate for the target vegetation. For land which has been in agricultural
production for a number of years, it is likely that soil fertility will be high and amendments will
not be necessary.
8.3 Restoration Techniques for Wetland Vegetation
Tree Planting Techniques - Under typical conditions, bare-root tree species will be planted
within all areas of the site conservation easement. Bare-root vegetation is typically planted at a
target density of 680 stems per acre, or an 8 by 8 foot grid. Experience has shown this density
to be favorable for overall survival of at least 320 planted stems at the end of 5 years, which is a
common success criterion for mitigation sites. Planting of bare-root trees is conducted during
the dormant season, which lasts from late November to early March for most of the state.
Species selection is based on reference wetland vegetation analyses, professional knowledge of
availability and viability of specific plants, and expected post-restoration hydrologic conditions.
Species selection for revegetation of the site will generally follow those suggested by Schafale
and Weakley (1990) and tolerances cited in WRP Technical Note VN-RS-4.1 (1997). Tree
species selected for restoration will generally range from weakly tolerant to tolerant of
flooding. Weakly tolerant species are able to survive and grow in areas where the soil is
saturated or flooded for relatively short periods of time. Moderately tolerant species are able to
survive on soils that are saturated or flooded for several months during the growing season.
Flood tolerant species are able to survive on sites in which the soil is saturated or flooded for
extended periods during the growing season (WRP, 1997).
Observations are made during construction of the site regarding the relative wetness of areas to
be planted. Planting zones are determined based on these assessments, and planted species will
be matched according to their wetness tolerance and the anticipated wetness of the planting
area.
When feasible, trees are transported to the site from the nursery and stored on-site in a
refrigerated cooler prior to planting. If on-site refrigeration is not available, trees are planted
within two days of being transported to the site. Soils across the site are sufficiently disked and
loosened prior to planting. Trees are planted by manual labor, using a dibble bar, mattock,
planting bar, or other similar method. Planting holes for the trees are made sufficiently deep to
allow the roots to spread out and down without "J-rooting." Soil is loosely compacted around
trees once they have been planted to prevent them from drying out.
Permanent Seed Mixtures - Permanent seed mixtures are applied to all disturbed areas of the
project site. Different mixtures may be specified for different areas of the site, depending on
the wetness and degree of stabilization required at the site. Mixtures will also include
temporary seeding to allow for application with mechanical broadcast spreaders and rapid
ground cover following application. Temporary seeding is applied to all disturbed areas of the
site that are susceptible to erosion, including constructed streambanks, access roads, side-
slopes, spoil piles, etc.
9.0 APPLICATION OF FLUVIAL PROCESSES TO STREAM AND
WETLAND RESTORATION
A stream and its wetland floodplain (referred to here as the riparian area) comprise a dynamic
environment where the floodplain, wetland areas, channel, and bedform evolve through natural
processes. Weather and hydraulic processes erode, transport, sort, and deposit alluvial materials
throughout the riparian system. The size and flow of a stream are directly related to its watershed
area. Other factors that affect channel size and stream flow are geology, land use, soil types,
topography, and climate. The morphology, or size and shape, of the channel reflects all of these
factors (Leopold et al., 1992; Knighton, 1988). The size and flow of the stream channel also
influence the size and functioning of wetland areas adjacent to the channel. The result is a dynamic
equilibrium in which the stream maintains its dimension, pattern, and profile overtime, and adjacent
wetland areas evolve with the meandering of the stream across its floodplain. Land use changes in
the watershed, including increases in imperviousness, removal of riparian vegetation, and drainage of
adjacent wetlands can upset this balance. A new equilibrium may eventually result, but not before
large adjustments in channel form can occur, such as extreme bank erosion or incision (Lane, 1955;
Schumm, 1960). These adjustments in channel form often have negative effects on associated
wetland areas, as processes of channel incision increase drainage of adjacent areas. By understanding
and applying the processes of riparian form and function to stream and wetland restoration projects, a
self-sustaining riparian system can be designed and constructed that maximizes ecosystem function
and potential.
In riparian systems, wetland functions cannot be restored without also addressing the restoration of
stream functions; therefore, it is crucial that the degraded stream system be restored to the appropriate
dimension, pattern, and profile while allowing the stream access to the abandoned floodplain and
associated wetland areas. In this way, the stream becomes one of the primary sources of water and
nutrient inputs to the wetland system. As such, the development of stream and wetland design
components becomes an iterative process.
10.0 REFERENCES
Bratton, S. P. 1976. Resource division in an understory herb community: Responses to temporal and
microtopographic Gradients. The American Naturalist 110 (974):679-693.
Brinson, M.M., 1993. A hydrogeomorphic classification for wetlands. U. S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Waterways Experimental Station, Technical Report WRP-DE-4, Washington, D.
C. 79 pp. +app.
Buol, S.W., F.D. Hole and R.J. McCracken, 1989. Soil Genesis and Classification. Iowa State
University Press, 446 pp.
Craft, C.B., W.P. Casey, 2000. Sediment and nutrient accumulation in floodplain and depressional
freshwater wetlands of Georgia, USA. Wetlands, Vol. 20, No. 2, June 2000, pp 323-332.
Gosselink, J. G., and R. E. Turner, 1978. The role of hydrology in freshwater wetland ecosystems. In
Freshwater Wetlands, 63-78. R. E. Good, D. F. Whigham, and R. L. Simpson, eds. Academic
Press. Burlington, MA
King, R. 2000. Effects of single burn events on degraded oak savanna. Ecological Restoration
18:228-233.
Lutz, H. J., 1940. Disturbance of forest soil resulting from the uprooting of trees. Yale University
School of Forestry Bulletin No. 45. Camden, NJ.
Mausbach, M.J., J.L. Richardson, 1994. Biogeochemical processes in hydric soil formation. Current
Topics in Wetland Biogeochemistry, Vol. 1, 1994, pp 68-124.
McCandless, T. L., 2003. Maryland Stream Survey: Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics
of streams in the Allegheny Plateau and the Valley and Ridge hydrologic regions. US Fish
and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD.
Reed, Jr., Porter B. 1988. National list of plant species that occur in wetlands: National summary. US
Fish & Wildlife Service. Biol. Report 88 (24). 244 pp.
Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley, 1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina,
third approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Division of Parks and
Recreation, NCDEHNR, Raleigh, NC.
Scherrer, E., 2000. Using microtopography to restore wetland plant communities in Eastern North
Carolina. MS Thesis, Forestry Department, North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
Shantz, R. R., R. L. Schneider, and L. C. Lee. 1990. Composition and regeneration of a disturbed
river floodplain forest in South Carolina. In Ecological Processes and Cumulative Impacts:
Illustrated by Bottomland Hardwood Wetland Ecosystems, 195-218. J. G. Gosselink, L. C.
Lee, and T. A. Muir, eds. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, FL.
Skaggs, R. W. 1980. DRAINMOD Reference report: methods for design and evaluation of drainage-
water management systems for soils with high water tables. US Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service. 329 pp.
Skaggs, R. W., D. Amatya, R. O. Evans, and J. E. Parsons, 1991. Methods for evaluating wetland
hydrology. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No. 91-2590. St. Joseph,
MI.
Stephens, E. P., 1956. The uprooting of trees: a forest process. Soil Science Society ofAmerica
Proceedings 20:113-116. Madison, WI.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Wetland Research Program (WRP), 1997. Technical Note VN-RS-4.1.
US Army Corps of Engineers, WRP, July 2000. Technical Notes ERDC TN-WRAP-00-02.
US Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory, 1987. "Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual," Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS.
US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS), 1996a. Field
indicators of hydnc soils in the United States. G.W. Hurt, Whited, P.M., and Pringle, R.F.
(eds). USDA, NRSCS, Forth Worth, TX.
van Beers, W. F. J., 1970. The Auger-Hole Method: a field measurement of hydraulic conductivity
of soil below the water table. Rev. ed. ILRI Bulletin 1, Wageningen, the Netherlands 32 pp.
Vepraskas, M.J. 1996. Redoximorphic features for identifying aquic conditions. North Carolina
Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC.
Appendix 10
Project Site Design Tables and Sediment Transport
Analysis
Table 7.2
Natural Channel Design Parameters for Reach UTlb

Drainage Area, DA (sq mi) 1.0 --
Design Stream Length (feet) 3,400 --
Stream Type (Rosgen) C5c E5/C5 Note 1
Bankfull (bkf) Discharge, Qbkf (cfs) 9.4 -- Note 2
Bankfull Mean Velocity, Vbkf (ft/s) 0.78 -- V=Q/A
Bankfull Riffle XSEC Area, Abkf (sq ft) 12.0 9.6-15.0 Note 7
Bankfull Riffle Width, Wbkf (ft) 13.4 -- Abkf' *W /D
Bankfull Riffle Mean Depth, Dbkf (ft) 0.9 -- d=A/W
Width to Depth Ratio, W/D (ft/ft) 15.0 10 - 16 Note 3
Width Floodprone Area, Wfpa (ft) >100 --
Entrenchment Ratio, Wfpa/Wbkf (ft/ft) 8-12 5.5 - >10 Note 4
Riffle Max Depth @ bkf, Dmax (ft) 1.1 --
Riffle Max Depth Ratio, Dmax/Dbkf 1.2 1.2-1.6 Note 5
Bank Height Ratio, Dtob/Dmax (ft/ft) 1.0 1.0 Note 6
Meander Length, Lm (ft) 70 - 170 --
Meander Length Ratio, Lm/Wbkf * 8.0-12.0 8.0-12.5 Note 7
Radius of Curvature, Re (ft) 30 - 50 --
Rc Ratio, Rc/Wbkf * 2.0-3.5 2.0-3.5 Note 7
Belt Width, Wblt (ft) 38 - 120 --
Meander Width Ratio, Wblt/Wbkf * 3.5-8.0 3.0-8.0 Note 7
Sinuosity, K 1.2 1.2-1.8 TW length/ Valley
length
Valley Slope, Sval (ft/ft) 0.0011 --
Channel Slope, Schan (ft/ft) 0.0016 -- Sval / K
Slope Riffle, Srif (ft/ft) 0.001- 0.005 --
Riffle Slope Ratio, Srif/Schan 1.2-1.8 -- Note 8
Slope Pool, Spool (ft/ft) 0.0001- 0.0007 --
Pool Slope Ratio, Spool/Schan 0.0-0.2 -- Note 8
Pool Max Depth, Dmaxpool (ft) 1.9 --
Pool Max Depth Ratio, Dmaxpool/Dbkf 2.0-3.0 2.0-3.0 Note 7
Pool Width, Wpool (ft) 17.0 --
Pool Width Ratio, Wpool/Wbkf 1.3- 1.5 1.2-1.5 Note 9
Pool-Pool Spacing, Lps (ft) 35 - 85 --
Pool-Pool Spacing Ratio, Lps/Wbkf 2.5-6.0 4.0-6.0 Note 7
d16 - mm 0.10 --
d35 - mm 0.30 --
d50 - mm 0.40 --
d84 - mm 4.40 --
d95 - mm 7.30 --
Notes:
'A C5c stream type is appropriate for a very low-slope, wide, alluvial valley with a sand streambed. The choice of
a C5c channel dimension was based on relationships of W/D ratio to slope in NC Coastal Plain reference reach
streams, as well as sediment transport analyses and past project evaluation.
z Bankfull discharge was estimated using Manning's equation (n=0.04).
s A final W/D ratio was selected based on relationships of W/D ratio to slope in NC Coastal Plain reference reach
streams, as well as sediment transport analyses and past project evaluation.
4 Required for stream classification.
s This ratio was based on past project evaluation of similar C5 design channels.
6 A bank height ratio near 1.0 ensures that all flows greater than bankfull will spread onto a floodplain. This
minimizes shear stress in the channel and maximizes floodplain functionality, resulting in lower risk of channel
instability.
' Values were chosen based on sand-bed reference reach data, and past project evaluation.
'Due to the extremely low channel slopes, facet slopes were not calculated for the proposed design. Past project
experience has shown that these minor changes in slope between features form naturally within the constructed
channel, provided that the overall design channel slope is maintained during construction.
9 Values were chosen based on reference reach database analysis and past project evaluation. It is more
conservative to design a pool wider than the riffle. Over time, the pool width may narrow, which is a positive
evolutionary step.
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(11/11) adolS AallaA
Appendix 11
Design Plan Sheets

KC ECOSYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
CUMBERLAND COUNTY
INDEX OF SHEETS
1 .......................... TITLE SHEET
1-A ...................... STREAM CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS
GENERAL NOTES, STANDARD
SPECIFICATIONS, AND
VEGETATION SELECTION
1-B ..................... CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS
2-20L ...................STRUCTURE DETAILS
3 ......................... CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE AND QUANTITIES
(NOT INCLUDED)
4-11 ................... PLAN VIEWS
12-14 ................. LONGITUDINAL PROFILES
O 15-18 ................. WETLAND GRADING PLAN TIZEET 19
.22 ................. REVEGETATION PLAN
23-26 ................. WETLAND BOUNDARY PLAN
27 ...................... EROSION CONTROL
TITLE SHEET (NOT INCLUDED)
28-29 ................. EROSION CONTROL DETAILS
(NOT INCLUDED)
30-33 ................. EROSION PLAN (NOT INCLUDED)
N
SHEET 15, 19, AND 23
N
U
W
L
LOCATION. APPROX. 3 MILES NORTHEAST OF POPE AIR
FORCE BASE OFF OF SR 1451
TYPE OF WORK STREAM AND WETLAND RESTORATION
STA 82+18.77

L/SHE4 5
SHEET 6 ;SHEET 7
1
1
1
1 SHEET 16120, AND 24
E. MANCHESTER (SR 1451)
END CONSTRUCTION REACH UT1A
BEGIN CONSTRUCTION REACH UTiB
STA 47+28.69
LAT. 78° 58'9" W
LONG. 35° 12'12" N
8TA78 RAR8R F%GIZCr RRP mmcz NQ urxer "?'
Na m
NC 111274 1 1 31

18, 22, ANA
STA 101+53.92
EXISTING JUMPING
RUN CREEK
A
T10? SH T11
GRAPHIC SCALES

100 25 0 50 100 EXISTING UT STREAM LENGTH (TOTAL) = 9,026 FEET
PROPOSED DESIGN STREAM RESTORATION = 7,057 FEET
STREAM LENGTH (TOTAL) PREPARED FOR THE OFFICE OF:

v PREPARED IN THE OFFICE OF
Baker Engineering NY, Inc.
8000 Regency Parkway
Suite 200 PROJECT ENGINEER
PROPOSED RESTORATION LENGTH (UT1A) = 3,657 FEET NCDENR - ECOSYSTEM ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM Cary, NORTH CAROLINA 27518
PLANS 2728 CAPITAL BLVD, SUITE 1H 103 Phone: [phone]
PROPOSED RESTORATION LENGTH (UT1B) = 3,400 FEET RALEIGH, NC 27604 Fax: [phone]
PRELIMINARY PLANS
50 25 0 50 100 PROPOSED STREAM ENHANCEMENT = 1,935 FEET ., 0o xar use wx coNSraucnoN
LENGTH (UT1C) OSyStem KAYNE VAN STELL
PROFILE (HORIZONTAL) PROPOSED WETLAND RESTORATION AREA (TOTAL) PROJECT MANAGER
5 2.5 0 5 10 (78.7 AC RIPARIAN /17.3 AC NON-RIPARIAN) = 96.0 ACRES
PROPOSED WETLAND ENHANCEMENT = 3.4 ACRES NCEEP CONTACT: TRACY MORRIS KEVIN TWEEDY, PE
PROFILE (VERTICAL) AREA (TOTAL) PROJECT MANAGER PROJECT ENGMEER SIGNATURE. PX.
STREAM CONVENTIONAL SYM[BO]LS
SUPERCEdDES SHEET 11$
0 -
LOG J-HOOK
® LOG VANE
® LOG WEIR
n LOG CROSS VANE
CONSTRUCTED RIFFLE
?o o BOULDER CLUSTER
ROCK STEP POOL
f3 TREE PROTECTION
TRANSPLANTS
Off'
00
ROCK J-HOOK
-®-
SAFETY FENCE
arrrn ROCKVANE -TF- TAPE FENCE
CM OUTLET PROTECTION -FP- 100 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN
d ? ROCK CROSS VANE cE CONSERVATION EASEMENT
DOUBLE DROP ROCK CROSS VANE - XXX- - EXISTING MAJOR CONTOUR
SINGLE WING DEFLECTOR - - - - - EXISTING MINOR CONTOUR
DOUBLE WING DEFLECTOR FOOT BRIDGE

TEMPORARY SILT CHECK J TEMPORARY STREAM CROSSING
ROOT WAD Iu-I PERMANENT STREAM CROSSING
TREE REMOVAL ® TRANSPLANTED VEGETATION
**NOTE: ALL ITEMS ABOVE MAY NOT BE USED ON THIS PROJECT
GENERAL NOTES
1. THE CONTRACTOR IS REQUIRED TO INSTALL INSTREAM STRUCTURES USING
A TRACK HOE WITH A HYDRAULIC THUMB OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO MOVE
BOULDERS 2FT X 2FTX 3FT (APPROXIMATELY 0.7 TONS).
2. CONSTRUCTION IS SCHEDULED TO BEGIN SPRING 2009.
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
N C. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLANNING AND DESIGN MANUAL
JUNE2006
6.60 TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP
6.06 CONSTRUCTION ACCESS
6.62 SILT FENCE
6.63 TEMPORARY ROCK DAM
6.70 TEMPORARY (FORD) STREAM CROSSING
VEGETATION SELECTION
Permanent herbaceous seed mixtures for the restoration site shall be
planted throughout the floodplain, riparian and non-riparian buffer areas.
Permanent herbaceous seed mixtures shall be applied with temporary
seed, as defined in the construction specifications.
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted By Species Wetland Tolerance
Andrrgpogong/ornerat- Bushy blue stem 5% FACW+
Aristida stdcta Wimgass 159A FAG
Carexltpdina Hop sedge 100/0 OBL
Care K11Pf dab Fox sedge 100/0 OBL
Elymrs Nrginicus Virginia wild rye 10% FAC
Jur=x e%rsus Soft rush 15% FACW+
ParNCUM w um Switchg rasa 10% FAC+
Polygonurn pens vanicun Smadneed 5% FACW
Schmaclrynun scoparyum Little blue stem 159A
FACU
Soighestrum nutais Indiargrass 5% FACU
Total 100%
The following table lists the temporary seed mix for the project site. All disturbed areas
will be stabilized using mulch and temporary seed.
Common Name Rate Dates
ANNUAL RYE (COOL SEASON) 130 LBSIACRE SEPTEMBER TO MARCH
MILLET (WARM SEASON) 40 LBSIACRE APRIL TO AUGUST
Live staking will be applied to all restored streambanks following the details in this plan
set and according to the construction specifications.
Common
Name Scientific Name Percent Planted
By Species Wetland
Tolerance
Restored Streambanks
Bultonbush Cephalanthus occidentalre 10% OBL
Black Willow Salix nigra 10% OBL
Silky Willow Salrrserirea 40% OBL
Elderberry Sambucus canadensis 40% FACW-
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PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
S.i. 2N
(Baker
The following table lists the woody vegetation selection for the project site. Total planting area is approximately 153.8 acres. Exact placement of species will be determined prior to site planting and based on
apparent wetness of planting locations and per the vegetation specialist. Refer to the Revegetation plan sheets for planting zone locations and requirements.
Headwater Riparian wetland Zone 27 Acres
Trees -18'x15' acin -161 stems/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Fraxinus pens vanica Green Ash 10% FACW
Chamaec adsthoides Atlantic While Cedar 20% OBL
Nssa bigora Swamp Black Gum 25% OBL
LiHodendron to/pifera Tulip Poplar 10% FAC
Quercua rata Overcup Oak 15% OBL
Quercus n' ra Water Oak 20% FAC
Sub-total 100%
Headwater Riparian Understory -10'x10' spacing -
436 plants/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Clethra a/nifolia Summersweet 10% FACW
Cydlla racimiflora Titi 20% FACW
Ilea virginica Sweetspire 10% FACW+
Leucothoe racemosa Swam Do hobble 10% FACW
L onia lucide Fetterbush 15% FACW
Magnolia vi iniana Sweet Bay Magnolia 20% FACW+
Parsee a/ustris Red bay 15% FACW
Sub-total 100%
Total Bare-roots

Headwater Riparian Containerized (5 Acres) -
Random spacing -10trees/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Nssa bigore Swam Black Gum 40% OBL
Quercus rata Overcup Oak 30% OBL
Quercus n' ra Water Oak 30% FAC
Total Containerized 100%
Riparian Wetland Zone (34 Acres)
Trees -10'x10' spacing - 436 plants/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species
Diospyros virginiena Persimmon 10% FAC
Lidodendron tulipilera Tulip Poplar 10% FAC
Nyssabiflora Swamp Black Gum 25% OBL
Quercus/rata Ovemu Oak 15% OBL
Quercus n' ra Water Oak 10% FAC
Quercus hellos Willow Oak 5% FACW-
Taxodium drsfichum Bald Cypress 25% OBL
Sub-total 100%
Riparian Wetland Underslory -18'x 15' spacing -161
stems/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
C nlla racimigora Titi 20% FACW
Itea vi inica Sweets ire 10% FACW+
Leucothoe racemosa Swam Do hobble 10% FACW
L onia lucida Federbush 15% FACW
Magnolia viiniana SweetBa Ma nolia 20% FACW+
Parses pa/ustris Red bay 10% FACW
Vaccinsum co mbosum Hi hbush Blueberry 15% FACW
Sub-total 100%
Total Bare-roots

Riparian Containerized (5 Acres) - Random spacing -
10 trees/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Nyasa biflora Swamp Black Gum 40% OBL
Quercus/rata Ovemu Oak 30% OBL
Quercus n' ra Water Oak 25% FAC
Quercus hellos Willow Oak 5% FACW-
Total Containerized 100%
Transitional Zone 30 Acres
Trees -10'x10'spacing -436 plants/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Fraxinus pensfvanica Green Ash 5% FACW
Diosp ros wiginiana Persimmon 10% FAC
Pinus palustds Lon leaf pine 20% FACU+
Prunus serotina Black Cher 10% FACU+
Quercus falcate Southern Red Oak 10% FACU-
Quercus IaudHoGa Darlington Oak 15% FACW
Ouerousmichauxii Swamp Chestnut Oak 5% FACW-
Quercus nigra Water Oak 15% FAC
Uhnus amen cans American Elm 10% FACW
Sub-total 100%

Transitional Understory -18'x 15' spacing -161
stems/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Ga /ussacia rrondosa Huckleberry 15% FAC
liexo aca American Hall 35% FAC-
Ma nolia vi iniana Sweet Bay Magnolia 25% FACW+
Sassafras albidum Sassafras 25% FACU
Sub-total 100%
Total Bare-roots
Non-Riparian I Upland Planting Zone 61 Acres
Trees -10'x10'spacing -438 plants/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Dios rosw iniana Persimmon 5% FAC
Pinus lustds Lon leaf pine 40% IFACU+
Prunus serotina Black Cher 15% FACU
QuerousTakata Southern Red Oak 10% FACU-
Quercus ni ra Water Oak 10% FAC
Querouspagoda Cher bark Oak 10% FAC+
Fraxinus pennslvanica Green Ash 5% FACW
Quercus steNata Post Oak 5% FACU
Sub-total 100%
Nan-Riparian and Upland Understory -18'x 15'
spacing -161 stems/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Comus lforida Flowering Dogwood 35% FACU
Ilex labra Inkber Holly 15% FACW
Magnolia vi iniana Sweet Be Magnolia 15% FACW+
Sassafras albidum Sassafras 35% FACU
Sub-total 100%
Total

Nan-Riparian Containerized (5 Acres) - Random
spacing -10 trees/Acre
Botanical Name Common Name Percent Planted B Species Wetland Tolerance
Querousnira Water Oak 30% FACU
Querouspagoda Cher bark Oak 30% FACU-
Pinuspalustds Lon leaf pine 40% FACU+
Total Containerized 100%
*S.U.E = SUBSURFACE UTILITY ENGINEER
ROADS & RELATED ITEMS
Edge of Pavement ....................... ......
Curb - ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- --- - ----
Prop. Slope Stakes Cut .................. ...... C
Prop. Slope Stakes Fill F
Prop. Woven Wire Fence ............... ....... e e
Prop. Chain Link Fence ............... ...... E3 E
Prop. Barbed Wire Fence ................ ..... 0 0
Prop. Wheelchair Ramp ---------------- -------
Curb Cut for Future Wheelchair Ramp - ---- -- cF
Exist. Guardrail ------------------------- ------
Prop. Guardrail -- ---- ----- ---- ---- -- ------
Equality Symbol ----- ---- ---- ----- --- ------
Pavement Removal ....................... ......
RIGHT OF WAY
Baseline Control Point ................... .....
Existing Right of Way Marker ........... ....... Q
Exist. Right of Way Line w/Marker ....... ......
Prop. Right of Way Line with Proposed
R/W Marker (Iron Pin & Cap) ........ ......
Prop. Right of Way Line with Proposed
(Concrete or Granite) RW Marker -...- ......
Exist. Control of Access Line ....... .... .. ......
Prop. Control of Access Line ....... .... .. ......
Exist. Easement Line ..................... ...... _E___-
Prop. Temp. Construction Easement Line ...... E
Prop. Temp. Drainage Easement Line ......... TDE
Prop. Perm. Drainage Easement Line ......... -FOE
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HYDROLOGY
Stream or Body of Water ............... .....
River Basin Buffer ......................... ..... RBB
Flow Arrow -------- ---- ---- ----- ----- ----- _..._.?
Disappearing Stream ...................... ..... ?. _
Spring ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ----- o-.?
Swamp Marsh ------- ----- ---- ---- ---- ----- &
Shoreline ---------- ---- ----- ---- ------- ----------
Falls, Rapids --------- ---- ---- ----- --- - -- - - r- -
Prop Lateral, Tail, Head Ditches .......... .....
fl0
STRUCTURES
MAJOR
Bridge, Tunnel, or Box Culvert --------------- cowc
Bridge Wing Wall, Head Wall
and End Wall ............................. )CONC wwC
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS
MINOR
Head & End Wall ................... co?
Pipe Culvert ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- --- ?== _
Footbridge ------ ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- --- > - ------ <
Drainage Boxes-------------------------------- EICs
Paved Ditch Gutter
UTILITIES
Exist. Pole ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- -----------
Exist. Power Pole ............................... +
Prop. Power Pole ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- b
Exist. Telephone Pole ......... .... ............ . +
Prop. Telephone Pole .......................... -a-
Exist. Joint Use Pole ............................
Prop. Joint Use Pole ............................
Telephone Pedestal ............................ ID
LPG Telephone Cable Hand Hold ----------- "D
Cable TV Pedestal ............................. f]
LPG TV Cable Hand Hold .................... "H
WG Power Cable Hand Hold ... .... .......... „H
Hydrant-- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ----------- d
Satellite Dish ...................................
Exist. Water Valve ..............................
Sewer Clean Out ..............................
Power Manhole -------- ----- ---- -----------
Telephone Booth ...............................
Cellular Telephone Tower ......................
Water Manhole ---------- ---- ---- -----------
Light Pole ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---------- - iz
H-Frame Pole ------- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---- a--0
Power Line Tower .............................. 19
Pale with Base ................................. 0
Gas Valve ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---------- V
Gas Meter ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ------- d
Telephone Manhole ............................
Power Transformer .... ............ .... ......... 0
Sanitary Sewer Manhole .......................
Storm Sewer Manhole ........................ Os
Tank; Water, Gas, Oil --------------------------
Water Tank With Legs ......................... 0
Traffic Signal Junction Box .....................
Fiber Optic Splice Box .........................
Television or Radio Tower .....................
Utility Power Line Connects to Traffic
Signal Lines Cut Into the Pavement--.-----.-- ;S ;S
Recorded Water Line
Designated Water Line (S.U.E.*) .............. - .w-w-.
Sanitary Sewer -------------------------------- -ss---- ss-
Recorded Sanitary Sewer Force Main ------ ASS-FSS-
Designated Sanitary Sewer Force Main(S.U.E.*) -FSS-FSS-
Recorded Gas Line ??-
Designated Gas Line (S.U.E.*) ................
Storm Sewer ---------- ---- ---- ----- ------- -s-S-
Recorded Power Line ......................... F F-
Designated Power Line (S.U.E.*) ............. _ + -p_ _
Recorded Telephone Cable .................. -T-F-
Designated Telephone Cable (S.U.E.*) ------- --;- -;- -
Recorded U)G Telephone Conduit ------- -TC-TC-
Designated U/G Telephone Conduit (S.U.E.*) _ _;C__TC_ _
Unknown Utility (S.U.E.*) ------------------ -jyrE-EOTL-
Recorded Television Cable ------------------ -Fr-;V-
Designated Television Cable (S.U.E.*) ....... __FY--1Y--
Recorded Fiber Optics Cable --------------- -FO-FO-
Designated Fiber Optics Cable (S.U.E.*) ..... __FO--FO--
Exist.Water Meter ---------------------------- 0
LPG Test Hole (S.U.E.*) ----------------------- m
Abandoned According to UAG Record ........ ATTUi
End of Information ............................ EA1.
BOUNDARIES & PROPERTIES
State Line -- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- - ------
County Line ------- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- -
Township Line --- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- --- ----- -
City Line ----- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- - -----
Reservation Line ................................ - -_---_
Property Line ------ ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- -
Property Line Symbol .......................... R
Exist. Iron Pin ---------------------------------- ES
Property Comer --------- ---- ----- --------- +
Property Monument ............................
Property Number ------------------------------ 123
Parcel Number ................................. 6
Fence Line -- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- - -x-x-x-
Existing Wetland Boundaries .................
. ww & Isaw
--WEB- _
High Quality Wetland Boundary .............. -NO WEB-
Medium Quality Wetland Boundaries..-...-. -NO WEB-
Low Quality Wetland Boundaries ............. -LO WEB-
Proposed Wetland Boundaries ................ -wLB-
Existing Endangered Animal Boundaries.....- - _ EAB- _
Existing Endangered Plant Boundaries -------- - _EFB- -
BUILDINGS & OTHER CULTURE
Buildings .......................................
Foundations ................................ .... rJ
Area Outline - ---- ----- ---- ---- ------ ----
Gate -- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- --- -----
Gas Pump Vent or LPG Tank Cap -------
o
-----

Church -- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- - It
,
--- C?
School -- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ------ --- -
Park ---- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- -- --- `
]
-
Cemetery --- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---- I- _ ]
Dam
Sign --------- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ------- o

Well ---------- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----------- o
W
Small Mine -- ---- ----- ---- ---- ---------- - tt
Swimming Pool ---------- ---- ----- ---------
TOPOGRAPHY
Loose Surface ---- ---- ----- ---- ----------- -------
Hard Surface ---------------------------------
Change in Road Surface ..................... . .............
Curb - ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---------
Right of Way Symbol ......................... R/w
Guard Post --- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---------- (E) GP
Paved Walk
Bridge
Box Culvert or Tunnel - - - - - -
Ferry ------ ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- -- - -------
Culvert --- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- -------- ,.............,
Footbridge -------- ----- ---- ---- ------------ --------------
Trail, Footpath ---- ----- ---- ---- ---------- ?--,_ --I
Light House . . . . .
VEGETATION
Single Tree -- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- - i2?
Single Shrub ----- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- - o
Hedge ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ---------
Woods Line ----- ----- ---- ---- ----- -------- ri
Orchard ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- ---- ------- €€4444
Vineyard ...................................... VINEYARD 1
RAILROADS
Standard Gauge
6F TPAW iA
RR Signal Milepost .................... o
mumsr Js
Switch -- ---- ----- ---- ---- ----- --------- - o
BAKER PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
TYPICAL STRUCTURE PLACEMENT 111274
PROJECT ENGINEER
ROOT WADS WITHOUT TRANSPLANTS
NTS
BERM 0,5'MRX. HT. BERM 5 NOT TO
PRELIMINARY PLANS
EXTEND BEYOND LIMITS OF ROOT WADS. ROOT WADS STRUCTURE NOTES: NOTES: DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
COIR FIBER 1. GENERALLY LOG WEIRS, ROOT WADS, 1. COIR FIBER MATTING TO BE INSTALLED ON
FLOOD
MATTING LOG VANES AND COIR FIBER MATTING ALL RESTORED STREAMBANKS.
PLAIN WILL BE INSTALLED IN THE LOCATION
'2^
0 AND SEQUENCE AS SHOWN. 2. IF ROOT WADS 00 NOT COVER ENTIRE SLOPE ON OUTSIDE
TOP OF . OF MEANDER BENDS, COIR FIBER MATTING IS NEEDED.
BANK 2 STRUCTURE STRUCTURES
TO ST LOCATIONS MAY BE MADE
BANKFULL STAGE
-
-

OPTIONAL BY THE DESIGN ENGINEER DURING
CONSTRUCTION.
Baker En91n0011"9 NY, Inc.
MOD
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aN R00

COVER LOG ,NOR
ROLI
¦ cxy xoaTx cAaouxARrsle
®
-
BASEFLOW Phwe B1D/83.518
8
Fix 919.463.5490
1130F ROOT?MASS HEIGHTIS LOG VANE
'.`.:BELOW. STREAM SIM

ANCHOR COVER LOG MAT BANKS WITH COIR FIBER MATTING
(SEE SPECS)
FOOTER LOG > 12" DIAMETER INSTALLED BELOW STREAMBED UNDER FOOTER LOGS
(OPTIONAL PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER)
10.15 FEET LONG OR NTH A BOULDER. /
>10" DIAMETER MAT BANKS W
(SEE SPECS) ITH COIR FIBER MATTING
/

CROSS SECTION VIEW

ROOT WAD LO G WEIR
/

TRANSPLANTS OR / /

ROOT WADS WITH TRANSPLANTS BOULDERS
/ MAT BANKS NTH COIR FIBER MATTING
(SEE SPECS)

NTS FOOTER LOG FOR
TRENCHING METHOD
ONLY /
/ 0,
w
TRANSPLANT BERM 05 MAX. HT. BERMS NOT TO

EXTEND BEYOND LIMITS OF ROOT WADS PLAN VIEW \
0
O ?e>
0 I
/

D
.
FLOO 1
0
1 al
PLAIN ^ /
TOP OF NOTES: ?? `
\
BANK TRENCHING METHOD:
IF THE ROOT WAD CANNOT BE DRIVEN INTO THE BANK OR THE \
p p
Q 00
p
,
\
/
BANKFULL STAGE
- BANK NEEDS TO BE RECONSTRUCTED, THE TRENCHING METHOD v
\
- SHOULD BE USED THIS METHOD REQUIRES THAT A TRENCH
BE EXCAVATED FOR THE LOG PORTION OF THE ROOT WAD. IN
THIS CASE,A FOOTER LOG SHOULD BE INSTALLED UNDERNEATH v /
THE ROOT WAD IN A TRENCH EXCAVATED PARALLEL TO THE p Q?

'
1f
OF R
MA
S HEI
HT'IS
O
BANK AND WELL BELOW THE STRFAMBED ONE-THIRD OF THE
ROOT WAD SHOULD REMAIN BELOW NORMAL BASE FLOW CONDITIONS. 1
$ MAT BANKS WITH COIR FIBER MATTING
..
Q
T
S
Q
3 (SEE SPECS)
BELOW STREAM BEO
/Fp ROOT WADS
(NUMBERAND
NOTES' ?F
SIZE TO BE
FOOTER LOG > 12" DIAMETER INSTALLED BELOW STREAMBEO ,
DRIVE POINT METHOD: Oh
?O4, DETERMINED

(OPTIONAL PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER)
HN
NTH
IVING'
END OF
CHAINSAW
THE
T
BEFORE
N
OG
IN THE FIELD)
T
T
BANK ORIEN
T
WA
DS UPSTREAM S
THR
O
6 FEET LONG TRUNK STREAM FLOW MEETS THE ROOT WAD AT A 90-DEGREE ANGLE,
>12" DIAMETER DEFLECTING THE WATER AWAY FROM THE BANK. A TRANSPLANT
OR BOULDER SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE DOWNSTREAM SIDE OF
TOP OF BANK
THE ROOT WAD IF A BACK EDDY IS FORMED BY THE ROOT WAD.
THE BOULDER SHALL BE APPROXIMATELY 4'X 3'X 2'. MAT BANKS WITH COIR FIBER MATTING
CROSS SECTION NEW (SEE SPECS)
TYPICAL RIFFLE, POOL, AND BANKFULL BENCH CROSS SECTIONS
Wbkf TOP OF TERRACE
(fVARIES f(? W4kfVARIE3ry
7771
DA ^
ryg.

j L 6Mac
M1
Wt
RIFFLE
RIFFLE WITH BANKFULL BENCH
Wbkf TOP OF TERRACE
VARIES w. WaM ?VARIES
o#9ax ?, ?
? 5;1
D-Max

POOL POOL WTH BANKFULL BENCH
UT1B
NOTES RIFFLE POOL

1. DURING CONSTRUCTION CORNERS OF DESIGN CHANNEL WILL BE ROUNDED 13.4 17.0 WIDTH OF RANKFUIL(W5k0
1
1 1
9 MAXIMUM DEPTH
D
M
x

AND A THALWEG WILL BE SHAPED PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. .
.
(
-
)
a

2. POOLS SHOWN ABOVE ARE LEFT POOLS ONLY. 15.0 14.1 WIDTH TO DEPTH RATIO0A6kf/D)
3. REACH UTIAWILL BE GRADED IN THE FIELD ASA BROAD SWALE PER DIRECTION 12.0 20.6 BANKFULL AREA (Abkl)
OF ENGINEER. 7.7 4.7 BOTTOM WIDTH (M)
C
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BAKER PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
111274 A
CONSTRUCTED RIFFLE PLANTING SPECIFICATIONS
PROJECT ENGINEER
PLANTINGS
PRELIMINARY PLANS
TOP A DU NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
TOE
OF BANK NOTES:
o 1. PLANT BARE ROOT SHRUBS AND TREES TO THE WIDTH OF THE
?
LL BUFFERAS SHOWN ON THE PLANS.
TOP OF STREAMBANK 2. ALLOW FOR 610 FEET BETWEEN PLANTINGS, DEPENDING ON SIZE.
3. LOOSEN COMPACTED SOIL.
u ?u n?u 4. PLANT IN HOLES MADE BYA MATTOCK, DIBBLE, PLANTING BAR, OR

C EROSION CONTROL OTHER APPROVED MEANS.

5. PLANT IN HOLES DEEP AND WIDE ENOUGH TO ALLOW THE ROOTS
C.
C
MATTING
TO SPREAD OUT AND DOWN WITHOUT J-ROOTING.
S
KEEP ROOTS
n TO PLANT

BANKFULL BFksr E"BIawHDR NY, Inc.
. BY
MEANS OF WET CANVAS, BURLAP, OR STRAW.
7. PHEELN LANT PLANTS IN MOIST SOIL OIF NOT PROMPTLY ® BOO, NORTH ROLL
Smh]OO
PLANTED ED UPON ARRIVAL TO O PROJECT SITE. ¦ a
xaaTx cAaauxnn513
0 C
MIX OF CLASS A AND CLASS B STONE y,
F.: W+W 919d5a55
Be.3.590
."
0, EROSION CONTROL MATTING SHOULD
?
On(
0 ?}?o BE PLACED BENEATH ROCKS
0 Q
?
TOE BOTTOM OF CHANNEL

6" NOM. THICKNESS
WELL GRADED MIX
0 OF ON-SITE ALLUVIUM
OR SPECIFIED RIP RAP
CROSS SECTION VIEW OF BARE ROOT PLANTING
SECTION C - C'

L
L PLANTING NOTES:
1. WHEN PREPARING THE HOLE FOR A POTTED PLANT OR
SHRUB DIG THE HOLE 8-12INCHES LARGER
THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE POT AND THE SAME DEPTH
THEPOT
PLAN VIEW 2 R REE
MOVE E
. LAY THE PLANT ON
PLANT FROM THE
C
ESSARYTO
ITS SIDE SIDE IF IF NECESSARY TO REMOVE REMOVE THE POT.
3. IF THE PLANT IS ROOTBOUND fR00T5 GROWING IN A
L
TOP OF STREAMBANK SPIRAL AROUND THE ROOT BA
L), MAKE VERTICAL
CUTS WITH A KNIFE OR SPADE JUST DEEP ENOUGH TO
CUT THE NET OF ROOTS ALSO MAKEA
CRISS-CROSS CUT ACROSS THE BOTTOM OF THE BALL.
HEAD OF RIFFLE 4. PLACE THE PLANT IN THE HOLE.
5. FILL HALF OF THE HOLE WITH SOIL (SAME SOIL
REMOVED FOR BACKFILL .
B. WATER THE SOIL TO REMOVE AIR POCKETS AND FILL
NOTES' GLIDE MIX OF CLASS AAND CLASS B STONE THE REST OF THE HOLE WITH THE REMAINING SOIL
RIFF
1. DIGATRENCH BELOW THE BED FOR THE INVERT INSTALLATION.
2. PLACE CLASS A AND CLASS B STONE INTO TRENCH APPROXIMATELY
^RQ
2-4 INCHES BELOW CHANNEL INVERT ELEVATION. ` J
? Qn BOTTOM OF CHANNEL
3. FILL IN THE UPSTREAM SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE WITH ON-SITE
??V1 0 POOL
ALLUVIUM (IF AVAILABLE) OTHERWISE USE WELL GRADED MIX
OF CLASS A. CLASS B, AND #57 STONE TO THE INVERT ELEVATION
OF THE CHANNEL.
4. UNDERCUT 6 FEET DOWNSTREAM OF TAIL OF RIFFLE. BACK FILL ALL UNDERCUT AREAS PROFILER-A'
WITH AN B -10 INCH MIX OF ON-SITE ALLUVIUM.
CROSS SECTION VIEW OF CONTAINER PLANTING
LIVE STAKING SPECIFICATION NOTES: TRANSPLANTED VEGETATION LOG BURIED LOG VANE
BELOWSTREAMBED
NOTES: 1. EXCAVATE A HOLE IN THE BANK TO BE STABILIZED THAT WILL

1. STAKES SHOULD BE CUT AND ACCOMMODATE THE SIZE OF TRANSPLANT TO BE PLACED.
BEGIN EXCAVATION AT THE TOE OF THE BANK,
213
INSTALLED ON THE SAME DAY. 2. EXCAVATE TRANSPLANT USING A FRONT END LOADER. BOTTOM
2. DO NOT INSTALL STAKES THAT EXCAVATE THE ENTIRE ROOT MASS AND AS MUCH ADDITIONAL WIDTH
HAVE BEEN SPLIT. SOIL MATERIAL AS POSSIBLE. IF ENTIRE ROOT MASS CAN NOT BE
TOP OF STREAMBANK 3. STAKES MUST BE INSTALLED WITH EXCAVATE IN ONE BUCKET LOAD, THE TRANSPLANT IS TOO LARGE
BUDS POINTING UPWARDS. AND ANOTHER SHOULD BE SELECTED.
4. STAKES SHOULD BE INSTALLED
PERPENDICULAR TO BANK 3. PLACE TRANSPLANT IN THE BANK TO BE STABILIZED SO THAT
113
5. STAKES$HOULD BE 112 TO 2 INCHES VEGETATION IS ORIENTATED VERTICALLY.
4, FILL IN ANY HOLES AROUND THE TRANSPLANT AND COMPACT. BOTTOM BACKFILL WITH ON-SITE STREAM ALLUVIUM
IN DIAMETERAND 2 TO 3 FT LONG.
STAKES SHOULD BE INSTALLED LEAVING
6 5. ANY LOOSE SOIL LEFT IN THE STREAM SHOULD BE REMOVED. A' WIDTH (IFAVAILABLE(, OTHERWISE USEAWELL
TOE OF SLOPE .
1150E STAKE ABOVE GROUND. 6. PLACE MULTIPLE TRANSPLANTS CLOSE TOGETHER SUCH THAT
THEY TOUCH GRADED MIXOF CLASSA, CLASS B, ANDI57 STONE
. TRANSPLANTED VEGETATION, ROOTMASS, AND SOIL MATERIAL
\
TRANSPLANTED VEGE TATION, ROOTMASS, AND SOIL MATERIAL A
20.30=
BOTTOM OF CHANNEL O
rFILTER FABRIC O
TOP OF STREAMBANK ^,
..: i.. ` ?'
`\? '• HEADER LOG 0
CROSS SECTION VIEW 1 I POOLTEI
/
I FOOTER LOG FILTER FABRIC
1
TRANSPLANTED VEGETATION, ROOTMASS, AND SOIL MATERIAL
SECTIONA - A'
TOE OF BANK /
\
\ 3 ROOTWAD
\ a
BOTTOM OF CHANNEL Of
LOG BURIED
- T _ _ / IN STREAMBANK
. AT LEAST 5'
PLAN VIEW
6'-B' SPACING ROOTOVAD
CROSS SECTION VIEW
TOP OF STREAMBANK
2'3' SPACING
FLOW

TRANSPLANTED VEG
ETATION AND ROOTMASS /?.
$TREAMBEO f? 5
PLAN VIEW elo.b %.
SQUARE CUT TOP
^--'--
?
BUDS FACING UPWARD

TOP OF
TOP OF BANK
TOP OF STREAMBANK
LIVE CURING
MIN, 112" DIA
2'-3'IENGTH , .? \

m/ -I( nw TOP OF BANK
ts-+?? ?? R

.?,/`.G ti `FOOTER LOG
PIA IT STAKES FROM TOP OF BANK f I HEADER LOG
. TO T
OR Z OE OF BANK IN A STAGGERED
IG-ZAG PATTERN
® ® j l ®
TOE OF BANK
PROFILE VIEW
TOE OF SLOPE
0-4
DEGREES NOTES:
5 1. LOGS SHOULD BEAT LEAST 10" IN DIAMETER, RELATIVELY STRAIGHT, HARDWOOD, AND RECENTLY HARVESTED.
LIVE STAKE DETAIL 2. SOIL SHOULD BE COMPACTED WELL AROUND BURIED PORTIONS OF LOG.
PLAN VIEW PLAN VIEW 3 INTO HE BANOULDBEPLACEDENETHTHEHEADER LOGANDPLACED SOTHAT ITLOCKS THEHEADER LOG
4. FILTER FABRIC SHOULD BE NAILED TO THE LOG BELOWTHE BACKFILL.
[
D,
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LOG WEIR
PROJECT ENGINEER
TRANSPLANTS TRANSPLANTS
I_
0
1CHANNELWIDTH
1.5 X CHANNEL WIDTH
SCOUR \
POOL /
LOG WEIR
A 9?
PLAN VIEW
TOP OF STREAMBANK
FLOW
STREAMBED
.
?NRP?
HEADER LOG BACKFILL WITH ON-SITE ALLUVIUM IF AVAILABLE.
OTHERWISE, USEA WELL GRADED MIX OF CLASS
A, CLASS B, AND R57 STONE.
FILTER.FABRICFOR DRAINAGE
FOOTER LOG .. (SEE SPECSF
,' MINIMUM
SECTION A-A'
NOTES:
.-COM SHOULD BEAT LEAST 12 INCHES IN DIAMETER, RELATIVELY STRAIGHT,
HARDWOOD, AND RECENTLY HARVESTED.
HEADER LOG 2. LOGS >24 INCHES IN DIAMETER MAY BE USED ALONE WITHOUT AN ADDITIONAL LOG.
FILTER FABRIC SHOULD STILL BE USED TO SEAL AROUND LOG.
3. PLACE FOOTER LOGS FIRST AND THEN HEADER (TOP) LOG. SET HEADER LOG
FOOTERLOG ATAMAXIMUM OF 3 INCHES ABOVE THE INVERT ELEVATION,
4. CUT A NOTCH IN THE HEADER LOG APPROXIMATLEY 30% OF THE CHANNEL BOTTOM
WIDTH AND EXTENDING DOWN TO THE INVERT ELEVATION. NOTCH SHALL NOT EXCEED
3INCHES.
5. USE FILTER FABRIC FOR DRAINAGE TO SEAL GAPS BETWEEN LOGS.
6. PLACE TRANSPLANTS FROM TOE OF STREAMBANK TO TOP OF STREAMBANK.
DITCH PLUG
NOTE:
COMPACT BACKFILL USING ON-SITE HEAVY EQUIPMENT
IN 10 INCH LIFTS.
IPRELIMINARY PLANS
00 NM USE FOR CONPCRUCIYON
suift 200
(Baker
PUe? 9'9'53"
CROSS SECTION VIEW
ruiiv nr_vv
BRAIDED CHANNEL DETAIL (APPLIES TO REACH 1A1
PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
00 NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
BRAIDED CHANNELS-
WIDTH = 2 TO 4 FT
DEPTH =APPROX. 0.5 FT

PLAN VIEW OF MICROTOPOGRAPHIC PATTERN
NOTES:
1. REACH UT1A WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON THE GRADING PLAN SHEETS.
2. THE RESTORED VALLEY BOTTOM WILL THEN BE ROUGHENED, USING
THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY.
3. PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER, FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY (APPROX 6" DEEP).
4. FINAL GRADES WILL BE DETERMINED IN THE FIELD BY ENGINEER
AND SHALL COINCIDE WITH WELAND GRADING PLAN.
5. BRAIDED CHANNEL ALIGNMENT WILL BE DETERMINED BY ENGINEER
FOLLOWED COMPLETION OF THE MOCROTOPOGRAPHIC ROUGHING.
8. BRAIDED CHANNELS WILL BE SHAPED TO FORM SMOOTH TRANSITIONS
INTO A SINGLE THREAD CHANNEL (UT1 B) NEAR STATION 47-49.
7. UPON COMPLETION OF BRAIDED CHANNEL FEATURES, APPLY MULCH
TEMPORARY SEED, AND PERMANENT SEED TO THE CONSTRUCTED VALLEY
ACCORDING TO SEDIMENT AND EROSION CONTROL SPECIFICATIONS.
c
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a
a
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w
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C
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OTE 6
CHANNEL ALIGNMENT TO BE
DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER
IN THE FELD
VALLEY BOTTOM VADTH
(APPROX. 30' - 60)
BRAIDED
r CHANNELS
APPROX.6 INCHES
SECTION A - A'
Suift 200
(Baker
Pho,e: 919.453."U
VALLEY SIDE SLOPE
a (BASED ON GRADING PLAN)
GRADED VALLEY ELEVATION
PRIOR TO ROUGHING
VALLEY WIDTH VARIES
(BASED ON GRADING PLAN)
VALLEY BOTTOM
WIDTH(APPROX. 30'-60')
DOUBLE BOX CULVERT WITH WING WALLS
(NCDOT STANDARD DETAIL # CB12)
PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
WING SLOPE
FOR 2:1 FILL
ROADWAY WIDTH VARIABLE WIDTH
4 •5 C1 Q 3"CTS. It ROADWAY FILL SLOPE 2:1 lel- i' 1"
in
ROADWAY FILL SLOPE 2:1 0000
a
w m WING SLOPE
10 FOR 2:1 FILL
11
6'
o CONST.JT.
F-4B2ARS- FILL FACE az w' GRADE .001 % a fcwi°w
a vi virc m LL w •4 B3 BARS EACH
I V3?m u°?Q FACE STAGGERED
B1 BARS- STREAM FACE °x[L N a m
: Qwy,
v wao ELEV.=151.7
0 4 O ? ?r0 _ CONSi. JT. ?
-[F- 3'0 WEEP HOLES IQ 10'- 0'= CTS.
EXTERIOR WALL INTERIOR WALL
CULVERT SECTION NORMAL TO ROADWAY
LENGTH OF CULVERT= VARIABLE
END ELEVATION
" Al Q CTS.CORNER BARS EACH • A2 W CTS.CORNER BARS EACH WING FOOTING
EXTERIOR WALL (SEE BARREL SECTION) EXTERIOR WALL (SEE BARREL SECTIONI

- • FLOOR SLAB
4 B2 BARS Q CTS. FILL FACE
BI BARS Q CTS. STREAM FACE I
Fa
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msm w ow wrc
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SYMM. ABOUT E CULVERT FLOOR SLAB
CULVERT
?
- WING FOOTING
----- __? DETAIL
4-•5 G1 Q 3'CTS. STA23t42 CONNECTION OF WING FOOTING
IN HEADWALL •
,
4 B3 Q TS.EACH
FACE STAGGERED IN
AND FLOOR SLAB WHEN SLAB
INTERIOR WALL
IS THICKER THAN FOOTING
A100 BARS Q CTS.- BOTTOM OF ROOF SLAB A200 BARS Q CTS: TOP OF FLOOR SLAB
A300 BARS Q CTS.- TOP OF ROOF SLAB A400 BARS Q CTS.- BOTTOM OF FLOOR SLAB
PART PLAN-ROOF SLAB PART PLAN-FLOOR SLAB VERTICAL LEG
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W BAR TYPE
BAR DIMENSIONS ARE OUT TO OUT
N
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Suift 200
(Baker
Pho,e: 919.453."U
NOTES
ASSUMED LIVE LOAD ----------HS20-44 OR ALTERNATE LOADING.
FOR OTHER DESIGN DATA AND NOTES SEE STANDARD NOTE SHEET.
3'0 WEEP HOLES INDICATED TO BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SPECIFICATIONS.
CONCRETE IN CULVERTS TO BE POURED IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER:
1. WING FOOTINGS AND FLOOR SLAB INCLUDING 4"
OF ALL VERTICAL WALLS.
2. THE REMAINING PORTIONS OF THE WALLS AND WINGS FULL
HEIGHT FOLLOWED BY ROOF SLAB AND HEADWALLS.
THE RESIDENT ENGINEER SHALL CHECK THE LENGTH OF CULVERT BEFORE
STAKING IT OUT TO MAKE CERTAIN THAT IT WILL PROPERLY TAKE CARE
OF THE FILL.
THIS BARREL STANDARD TO BE USED ONLY ON CULVERT ON 90° SKEW AND TO
BE USED WITH STANDARD WING SHEET WITH THE SAME SKEW AND VERTICAL
CLEARANCE.
DIMENSIONS FOR WING LAYOUT AS WELL AS ADDITIONAL REINFORCING STEEL
EMBEDDED IN BARREL ARE SHOWN ON WING SHEET.
TRANSVERSE CONSTRUCTION JOINTS SHALL BE USED IN THE BARREL.SPACED
TO LIMIT THE POURS TO A MAXIMUM OF 70 FT.LOCATION OF JOINTS SHALL
BE SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OF THE ENGINEER.
STEEL IN THE BOTTOM SLAB MAY BE SPLICED AT THE PERMITTED CONSTRUCTION
JOINT AT THE CONTRACTOR'S OPTION.EXTRA WEIGHT OF STEEL DUE TO THE SPLICES
SHALL BE PAID FOR BY THE CONTRACTOR.
AT THE CONTRACTOR'S OPTION,HE MAY SPLICE THE VERTICAL REINFORCING STEEL
IN THE INTERIOR FACE OF EXTERIOR WALL AND BOTH FACES OF INTERIOR WALLS
ABOVE LOWER WALL CONSTRUCTION JOINT. THE SPLICE LENGTH SHALL BE AS PROVIDED
IN THE SPLICE LENGTH CHART SHOWN ON THE PLANS.EXTRA WEIGHT OF STEEL DUE
TO THE SPLICES SHALL BE PAID FOR BY THE CONTRACTOR.
AT THE CONTRACTOR'S OPTION HE MAY SUBMIT, TO THE ENGINEER FOR APPROVAL,
DESIGN AND DETAIL DRAWINGS FOR A PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERT
IN LIEU OF THE CAST-IN-PLACE CULVERT SHOWN ON THE PLANS. THE DESIGN SHALL
PROVIDE THE SAME SIZE AND NUMBER OF BARRELS AS USED ON THE CAST-IN-PLACE
DESIGN.FOR OPTIONAL PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE BOX CULVERT,SEE SPECIAL
PROVISIONS.
5S— — — —
TIE EXISTING DITCH INTO \
FIELD TO HYDRATE WETLAND .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. / \ I
AREA PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. I
-
/
m y�
N
%
BCP# 53 NS
®X=2006340
Y=627078.8 /
Z=753.40 O
\ 1
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL PER / /j n O
DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. FILL
gr00 x Lu
/ AMOUNT MAY VARY BASED ON
MATERIAL AVAILABILITY.
x
BAKER PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
V
w 7 I
18.00
18+
lllZf4 4
GG
v
14+00
16+DO 17+00 I6+00
30
PROJECT ENGINEER
30
/x/
m
I
--
30 30
13+00
/ j
STA 10+00.00
Ix
12+00
EXISTING DIRT ROAD
�5T
/
1 /
60, /
!
/
x
PRELIMINARY PLANS
Cj4
UTIA NOTES:
/
W NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
1. REACH UTIA WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
/
VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON GRADING PLAN SHEETS.
((' = —
REMOVE EXISTING SPOIL PILE AM
USE MATERIAL TO FILL CHA�
\
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL2.
0
m
/
/
HARVEST ROOTWADS AND -TRANSPLANTS
PER DIRECTION046INEER.
USING THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
R UN CREEK
/
/
SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY.
EXISTING DIRT ROAD WITH 60' ROW.
/
PLAN VIEW
0
OF ENGINEER, FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED
�
LIJ _ — — — _ —� �� _ — —
— ���
/
3. PER DIRECTION
Q
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY (APPROX. 6" DEEP).
-
25 0 550 100
w
CC
C
/ /
j
. Baker E"01 -11"q NY, Inc.
500 0 RaO W Parkway
• Su ft2W
SCALE (FT)
/
Cay, NORTH CAROLINA 27518
/
Phone: [phone]
F-912. 8 .5480
_
.. .. .. ..
5S— — — —
TIE EXISTING DITCH INTO \
FIELD TO HYDRATE WETLAND .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. / \ I
AREA PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. I
-
/
m y�
N
%
BCP# 53 NS
®X=2006340
Y=627078.8 /
Z=753.40 O
\ 1
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL PER / /j n O
DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. FILL
gr00 x Lu
/ AMOUNT MAY VARY BASED ON
MATERIAL AVAILABILITY.
x
V
w 7 I
18.00
18+
v
14+00
16+DO 17+00 I6+00
30
------__ — —
30
/x/
m
I
--
30 30
13+00
/ j
STA 10+00.00
Ix
12+00
/
1 /
60, /
x
/
N
UTIA NOTES:
1. REACH UTIA WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON GRADING PLAN SHEETS.
((' = —
REMOVE EXISTING SPOIL PILE AM
USE MATERIAL TO FILL CHA�
\
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL2.
0
m
/
/
HARVEST ROOTWADS AND -TRANSPLANTS
PER DIRECTION046INEER.
USING THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
R UN CREEK
I
/
SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY.
EXISTING DIRT ROAD WITH 60' ROW.
/
PLAN VIEW
0
OF ENGINEER, FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED
�
LIJ _ — — — _ —� �� _ — —
— ���
BCP# 48 RS
X=2006968 -
3. PER DIRECTION
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY (APPROX. 6" DEEP).
-
25 0 550 100
w
4. LOG STRUCTURE PLACEMENT WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER
j
x
30
------__ — —
c
30
/x/
m
BEGIN CONSTRUCTION REACH UT1A
--
30 30
m
a
STA 10+00.00
W
/
N
UTIA NOTES:
1. REACH UTIA WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON GRADING PLAN SHEETS.
a
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL2.
THE RESTORED VALLEY BOTTOM WILL THEN BE ROUGHENED,
UT TO JUMPING
c
USING THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
R UN CREEK
rn
SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY.
EXISTING DIRT ROAD WITH 60' ROW.
/
PLAN VIEW
0
OF ENGINEER, FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED
FUTURE PARK ACCESS BY OTHERS.
DITCH PLUG
3. PER DIRECTION
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY (APPROX. 6" DEEP).
50
25 0 550 100
w
4. LOG STRUCTURE PLACEMENT WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER
j
DURING CONSTRUCTION WITHIN REACH UTIA.
SCALE (FT)

m
a
a
w
V
N
i
N
C
a
i
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v / EXISTING DIRT ROAD PROJECT ENGINEER
CE J/?
CE
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
CF t"
EXISTING DIRT ROAD WITH 60PROW
FUTURE PARK ACCESS BY OTHERS.
G
Belu7 E"01-11ny NY, Inc.
CC . 8MO Ra erc ft, y
F,Ha m5
• CBry,NCRTHCAROLINA27543
PY,o,e 949.W54N
A r Fu'. 810.483.5480
CE
CE CE
I
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a I
_ FILL EXISTING CHANNEL PER
G? - - -? _ _ - DIRECTION OF ENGINEER. FILL
1 AMOUNT MAY VARY BASED ON
O MATERIAL AVAILABILITY.
+ ff I >` HARVEST ROOT WADS AND TRANSPLANTS - y? r - - - - - - _ O
M Q ? I J PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER.
N
rr ??? _= O
IQ 3a-00
e.- M
h
24.oo co
W
I 25 31+00 L co
-160 0, to
Z 28+00
co
f?
REMOVE EXISTING 36" CONCRETE PIPE
INSTALL (2) 2'X5'X5O' BOX CULVERTS WITH ,. J
WING WALLS. (SEE DETAIL SHEET2-D)
INV. IN = 150.6 /
INV. OUT = 150.76
(INVERT ELEVATIONS ALLOW FOR CULVERT
TO BE BURIED ONE FOOT)
FENCING SHALL BE REMOVED BY THE
J NATURE CONSERVANCY (TNC) BEFORE
.[+ n!^ CONSTRUCTION BEGINS.
3S?
UT1A NOTES:
1. REACH UT1AVIALL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
v ~'' \ VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON GRADING PLAN SHEETS. /
? UT TO JUMPING
2. THE RESTORED VALLEY BOTTOM WILL THEN BE ROUGHENED, RUN CREEK
USING THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
- ® FILL EXISTING CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY. PLAN VIEW
3. PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER, FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED 50 25 0 50 100
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY (APPROX. 6" DEEP).
® DITCH PLUG 4. LOG STRUCTURE PLACEMENT WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER
DURING CONSTRUCTION WITHIN REACH UTIA. SCALE (FT)
BAKER PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET NO.
111274
PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
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EXISTING DIRT ROAD
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BCPA 57 RS
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Y=529506.4
Z=152.07
BCP# 54 RS FILL EXISTING CHANNEL PER DIRECTION OF
X4007925 ENGINEER FILL AMOUNT MAY VARY BASED ON
Y=528882.9 ® MATERIAL AVAILABILITY. HARVEST ROOT WADS
Z=151.77
AND TRANSPLANTS PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER.
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BEGIN CONSTRUCTION REACH UT113 BCP#58RS
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(SEE DETAIL SHEET 2-C)
RIM;
FENCING SHALL BE REMOVED BY THE
NATURE CONSERVANCY (TNC) BEFORE
CONSTRUCTION BEGINS.
UTIA NOTES',
1. REACH UTIA WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY FIRST RESTORING
VALLEY TOPOGRAPHY AS SHOWN ON GRADING PLAN SHEETS. JUMPING
FILL EXISTING CHANNEL 2. THE RESTORED VALLEY BOTTOM WILL THEN BE ROUGHENED, UT [ TO USING THE TECHNIQUES DESCRIBED IN THE CONSTRUCTION RUN CREEK
SPECIFICATIONS FOR RESTORATION OF WETLAND MICROTOPOGRAPHY. PLAN VIEW
® DITCH PLUG 3. PER DIRECTION OF ENGINEER FLOW PATHS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED `L.f1J11 YY
BY GRADING SHALLOW SWALES ALONG THE VALLEY(APPROX. 6" DEEP). 50 25 0 50 100
4. LOG STRUCTURE PLACEMENT WILL BE DETERMINED BY THE ENGINEER
DURING CONSTRUCTION WITHIN REACH UTIA. SCALE (FT)
EXISTING DIRT ROAD
WITH 25'ROW
PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
,? DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
ur Engineering NY, Inc. I
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810.183.5180
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END CONSTRUCTION REAGH UT1 B
i BEGIN ENHANCEMEJVT REACH UT1C —
STA 82+18.77 \
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PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
I Baker E"01 -11"q Wfty NY, Inc. I
. S000 ReBenq Parkway
SUSe 300
� • Cay, NORTH CAROLINA Y, I
Phone: [phone]
Faz: 919.953.5980
UT TO JUMPING
R UN CREEK
PLAN VIEW
50 25 0 50 100
SCALE (FT)

PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
=Baker E"01 -11"q NYS Inc. I
5000 Reger Parkway
Suite 200
Cay, NORTH CAROLINA 2]515
Phone: [phone]
F.: 818.953.5980
TO JUMPING
iUN CREEK
PLAN VIEW
0 25 50
SCALE (FT)

T ENGINEER
ARY PLANS
'OR CONSTRUCTION
IBakerE"01 Parkwayp fte y NY, Inc. I
5000 R ge
Suite 200
Cay, NORTH CAROLINA 2]515
Phone: [phone]
F.: 818.953.5980
., . JUMPING
I R UN CREEK
PLAN VIEW
50 25 0 50 100
SCALE (FT)

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■■■■■ ■w_J■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■! lo..! M..o! lo..M E■E■■ E■E■■ E■■.■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■■E■■ ■■■■M ■■■■■ ■o■■■ doom■ ■■■■M =■E■ ■■■■M E■■■■ ■o■■■ doom■ ■■■■M ■EEE■ ■■■■M doom■ ■o■■■
■■■■■ ■n.-1xM doom■ doom■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ 1111E ElaaE 1111E ElaaE 1111E Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE Elaa! EaalE E■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■aE Elaa! �laE Elaa! EalaE Elaa! EalaE ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■
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=oo■ vi.n moo moo oo■ moo oo■ moo oo■ moo oo■ moo oo■ moo oo■ moo oo■ moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo loll moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo■ moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo moo
�EEo! ■a�21 0000■ 0000■ 0000■ nommo mmoom momma nommo nommo mmomm ommon ommon ommom mmmom moEME NEENE.................... nommo mmomm ommon nommo nommo mmomm ommon ommon ommom momma mmomm omomm ommom momma nommo mmmon nommo mmomm omoon MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM moon moomm doom■ moomm MENEM MENEM MENEM ■DEED 1. No! ■o..M
moomm on 1111 ■momm ommon ommo...0000. !0000....0000. l0000....0000. !0000....0000. !0000....0000. l0000on nommm momon.................... ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■................ nommo nommo nommo .0000....0000! .■.■...mom moomm momom momm ommom momma mmo■!.■.■...0000! .■.■...0000! .■.■...0000!
l0000...L.w...■....0000. !0000.. ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■mm mmmmm mmmm...0000l .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000! .0000....0000■.0000....0000! .0000. M ENEEM ENEEM ENEEN E■■■■ illi■ ■illi ■■0000! .■■■...0000! �.on ..0000! .■.on Ellam■ ll■ll ■l■ll illi■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■
■0000■■ ■w: ■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ mm■■m m■mm■ mm■■■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■.0000ME NEEME NEENN ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000 ME NNEEM ENNEE NNEEM ■MO■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■0000■■ ■■0000■ ■■■■■ ■M1100 ■■m■■ 0011100 c■■m 0011100 no■■■m 0010000■ ■■■■■ ■■0000■ ■■■■■ MENEE MENEE NEENE -
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momma mm.7o ommom mommo mmomm ommoo mmoom mommo mmo■n nommm mmmom mommm ............................mo mmomm ommom moomm ommoo mmomm ommom momom momom mom..............................on MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM mooMo doom■ MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM moon moomm doom■ moomm doom■ moomm MENEM MENEM MENEM MENEM
1 M..o!la=11■■■■■■■■■■■■■■o■■o■■■■..■■■■..■■..o!■o■■■■■■o■■o■■■■..■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■E■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■..■■..■■■■..■■.■o!lo..Ml..o!!■E■■E■E■EE■E■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■o■■o■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■o■■■o■■■■■■■EE■E■■mo■■■o■■■■■o■■■■■■■■■o■■■■■■■■■o■■■o■■■■■o■■lo..■ 1
■■■■■Elan■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■.........■........■.........■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!x.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!
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■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■o■■■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■■■■■ ■o■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■■E■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■■■■ ■■■o■ ■■■■■ ■■■o■ ■o■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■o■■■ ■E■■■ E■■■■ E■E■E E■■■■ ■■■■■ ■o■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■M moo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M
!0000.. Elan .0000...■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■......... ■......0000. l0000....0000. !0000....0000. !0000....0000. !0000....0000■ E■■■■ E■■■■■..............................MENN ■.0000!.0000....0000!.0000....0000! ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■0000....0000!.0000....0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000! �.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!.■.■...0000!
!■■1111 Elan 11..11■ ■.... ■......... ■......... ■......■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ moll■ ■■■l■ ■l■■■ ■■■l■ ■l■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■0000■■ 1111■■■ 11..11■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■ =■■■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■ 11.11■■ 1111■■■
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■■■■■ Elan ■■■■■ ■moon ■■■.. E■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■....■■. ■■■....■■■.■■....■■■.■■.■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■.............. ■■............. ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■0000■■ 0.000 ■0000■■ 0.000 moo -O 0.000 ■0000■■ 0.000 ■■■■■ 0.000 ■■■■■ 0.000 �■■...0000!.■.■..■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■!
M..o! lo... l..o! E■E■E ■..■■ E■■■E M..o! lo..! M..o! lo..! M..o! !o■■■ ■E■■■ E■EE■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■o■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■..■■ ■■..■ ■..■■ ■■■Ew l..o! lo..M l..o! ■■■■M ■E■■■ ■■■■M ■E■■■ ■■■■M ■E■■■ ■■■■M ■E■■■ ■■■■M ■E■■■ ■■■■M ■EEE■ ■■■■M ■EEE■ ■■■■M M■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■moon ■■EEw leo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M leo.! lo..M
!11.00 Elan 0011■■ ■■■■■ ■00■■■ doom■ ■■■.. ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■■..■■. ■.... ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM 0011■■ 0011■■ 0011■■ ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■ENEM ■■NEM ■■■■■ ■■NEM ■■■■■ ■■NEM m■■■ ■■NEM ■■■■■ ■■■■■ 0011■■ 0011■■ 0011■■ 0011■■ 0011■■ ■■■■■
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WETLAND GRADING PLAN
NOTE:
ONCE DESIGN GRADES ARE ACHIEVED, WETLAND RESTORATION AND FLOODPLAIN
X594_ AREAS WILL BE ROUGHENED TO RESTORE MICROTOPOGRAPHY AS DESCRIBED 80 40 0 80 160
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IN CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
SCALE (FT)

PROJECT ENGINEER
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PRELIMINARY PLANS
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ONCE DESIGN GRADES ARE ACHIEVED, WETLAND RESTORATION AND FLOODPLAIN
AREAS WILL BE ROUGHENED TO RESTORE MICROTOPOGRAPHY AS DESCRIBED
IN CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)

PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
Bring NY, Inc.
ROLINA 2]878
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1. TOTAL PLANTING AREA = 153.8 AC.
2. TOTAL CONSERVATION EASEMENT AREA = 225.3 AC.
3. SEE VEGETATION SELECTION TABLES ON SHEET 1-A.
- I PLAN
VDAR
80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)
It PROJECT REFERENCE NO. SHEET N0.
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PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
00 NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
EIaRR! Engineering . y NY, Inc.
8000 RBge'w BenBY PBHwry
Sk 205
C." NORTH CAROLINA 21518
Phone: BiB.4E954&B
FazBiB.4ES.54B0
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PROPOSED PLANTING ZONES
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HEADWATER
RIPARIAN
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2. TOTAL CONSERVATION EASEMENT AREA = 225.3 AC.
3. SEE VEGETATION SELECTION TABLES ON SHEET 1-A.
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?VEGETATION BOUNDAR
PLAN
80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)
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CONTAINERIZED
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HEADWATER
RIPARIAN
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MINIMAL
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PLANTING NOTES:
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° 1. TOTAL PLANTING AREA = 153.8 AC.
2. TOTAL CONSERVATION EASEMENT AREA = 225.3 AC.
3. SEE VEGETATION SELECTION TABLES ON SHEET 1-A.
PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
UU NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
10+00 80Ilike, 00P "wft w
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80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)
PROJECT ENGINEER

PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
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PLANTING NOTES:
1. TOTAL PLANTING AREA = 153.8 AC.
2. TOTAL CONSERVATION EASEMENT AREA = 225.3 AC.
3. SEE VEGETATION SELECTION TABLES ON SHEET 1-A.
TION BOUNDAR
PLAN
80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)
PROJECT ENGINEER
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LINA 2]518
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SCALE (FT)
PRELIMINARY PLANS
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PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
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Baker Engineering NY, Inc.l
8000 Regency P.n .y
Suih 200
Cery, NORTH CAROLINA 27518
Phone: gig.a .Mae
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UPLAND AREA (63.9 AC)
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° NON-RIPARIAN WETLAND AREA (17.3 AC)
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EXISTING POND
WETLAND BOUNDARY
PLAN
80 40 0 80 160
SCALE (FT)
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PROJECT ENGINEER
PRELIMINARY PLANS
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RIPARIAN WETLAND AREA (78.7 AC) ,/r /
INCLUDES WETLAND ENHANCEMENT AREA (3.4 AC) m /
UPLAND AREA (63.9 AC)
? NON RIPARIAN WETLAND AREA (17 3 AC)
1
SCALE (FT)
PROJECT ENGINEER

PRELIMINARY PLANS
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION
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RIPA
INCLI
UPLP
NON-RIPARIAN WETLAND AREA (17.3 AC)
TLAND BOUNDARY
PLAN
80 40 0 8,0 160
SCALE (FT)