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Farrar Dairy Site
Stream & Wetland Restoration Plan
Harnett County, North Carolina
State Contract No. D06002

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KCI
CIF Landmark Center Q, Suite 220
4601 Six Forks Road
Raleigh, NC 27609
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May 2008
Farrar Dairy Site
Stream & Wetland Restoration Plan
Harnett County, North Carolina
State Contract No. D06002
KCI Project No. 12065438
Prepared for:
NCDENR-EEP
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
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• PROGRAM
Prepared by:
KCI Associates of NC
4601 Six Forks Road, Suite 220
Raleigh, NC 27609
K C I
ASSOCIATES OF NC
Tim Morris, Project Manager
[e-mail]
919-783-9214
• May 2008
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Farrar Dairy Site (FDS) is a full-delivery project being developed for the North Carolina Ecosystem
Enhancement Program (EEP). The site offers the opportunity to restore a heavily impacted wetland and
stream system in order to improve water quality and aquatic and terrestrial habitat. The project proposes
to restore approximately 6,693 linear feet of the North Prong of Anderson Creek (NPAC) as well as
restore approximately 4,844 linear feet and enhance 1,420 linear feet of six tributary streams. Wetland
restoration, enhancement and preservation will also occur along approximately 112 acres of the NPAC
floodplain.
The NPAC is a Sand Hills stream with a contributing drainage area of 5.7 square miles (3,624 acres) at
the downstream limits of the site. The downstream limit of the project site is approximately 5.1 river
miles upstream of the confluence with the South Prong of Anderson Creek, which is the start of Anderson
Creek. The NPAC drains into Anderson Creek, then the Little River to the south, and ultimately to the
Cape Fear River. The surrounding area is predominately rural and has low to moderate development
pressure at this time. Overall, the project watershed is about 71.9% forest, 20.9% agriculture, 5.2%
wetland, 1.3% rangeland, and 0.6% water bodies.
The NPAC has been channelized and straightened beginning in the early 1900's. The entire site has been
utilized for agricultural production to include row crops, cattle, and land application of animal wastes for
at least 70 years. There are very few in-stream habitat features in the channel and the banks are nearly
vertical in many areas. The channel can be characterized as having poor streambed variability and habitat
diversity.
The FDS offers the opportunity to restore a significant headwater stream system within the Cape Fear
River basin. By developing a healthy, interconnected riparian corridor, the site will also help to reduce
nutrient and excess sediment inputs. The proposed project reaches were designed as restoration or
enhancement based on the measured level of departure from a stable stream system. The NPAC stream
will be restored to a C5 type channel, while the tributaries will be restored to C5B5c, E5, and C5 type
channels. Riparian vegetation at the FDS site will be restored using a variety of Coastal Plain Bottomland
Hardwood and Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp species in floodplain areas and Mixed Hardwood
Forest species in the stream valleys and slopes leading away from floodplains.
There are approximately 46 acres of wetland preservation on the project site along with approximately 22
acres of wetland enhancement. Approximately 44 acres of drained wetlands will also be restored on the
FDS. The bulk of the wetland restoration areas are located on the former floodplain of the NPAC. These
areas have been altered through ditching or drain tile installation. Hydrology will be restored by
abandoning existing tile and ditch features and restoring the NPAC and contributing tributaries to
appropriately sized channels to reconnect these streams with their floodplains and reestablish a flooding
regime.
The project goals are to:
• Protect aquatic resources from excess nutrients, sediment, and other pollutants coming from the
agricultural watershed.
• Reestablish a functional Coastal Plain Small Swamp Stream wetland complex that creates
terrestrial and aquatic habitat and connects to the existing floodplain corridor along the NPAC.
In order to meet these goals, the following objectives must be accomplished:
• • Restore 11,517 linear feet of stable stream channel with the appropriate pattern, profile, and
dimension that can support a sand transport system.
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• Connect the streams to functioning floodplains. .
• Fill and plug ditches in the drained hydric soils to restore saturated hydrologic conditions to the
upper soil horizons.
• Plant the NPAC, its tributaries, riparian corridors, floodplains and upland habitats with
herbaceous cover as well as trees and shrubs to create and restore appropriate habitats within the
landscape.
• Eliminate existing nutrient source associated with land application of animal waste in proximity
to project streams.
The following table summarizes the restoration plan activities proposed at the FDS:
Table 1: Mitigation Summarv
Stream Restoration
Reach Proposed Stationing Mitigatipn
Tt Priority,
flpproseh Ming Linear
rootage Designed VWear
Footage
NPAC 10+00-77+24 Restoration P1 4,565 6,693
T1.1 80+00-88+27 Restoration P1 864 827
T1.2 90+00-99+86 Restoration P1 995 986
T1 100+00-108+81 Restoration P1 389 851
T2A 110+00-115+00 Restoration P1 977 500
T2B 115+00-120+09 Restoration P1 509
T3 130+00-141+51 Restoration PI 1,335 1,151
T4 150+00-164+20 Enhancement II 1,420 1420
TOW Stream R"tp"Obp 11,51
..` ., _..: :. 1,42
?
Acreage +eaaiea
Soil Type Mitigation
Designed Community Type
22.3 Wehadkee Enhancement Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp

Acreage Soil Type Mitigation
Type Designed Community Type
43.8 Wehadkee Restoration Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp
AMI?fMM
age
7 Soil Type Mitigation Designed Community Type
.9
45 Wehadkee Preservation Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment
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Restoration Plan Farrar Daia Stream & Wetland Restoration
• TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1
2.0 PROJECT SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION ....................................................1
2.1 Directions to Project Site ............................................................................................................1
2.2 USGS Hydrologic Unit Code and NCDWQ River Basin Designations .....................................1
3.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION ...............................................................................1
3.1 Drainage Area .............................................................................................................................2
3.2 Surface Water Classification/Water Quality ...............................................................................2
3.3 Geology and Soils .......................................................................................................................2
3.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends ...........................................................................2
3.4.1 Historical Resources ...................................................................................................2
3.4.2 Land Use and Development Potential ...................................................................... ..3
3.5 Endangered/Threatened Species ............................................................................................... ..3
3.6 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................................... ..3
3.7 Potential Constraints ................................................................................................................. ..4
3.7.1 Property Ownership and Boundary .......................................................................... ..4
3.7.2 Site Access ................................................................................................................ ..4
3.7.3 Utilities ..................................................................................................................... ..4
3.7.4 FEMA/Hydrologic Trespass ..................................................................................... ..4
4.0 PROJECT SITE STREAMS (EXISTING CONDITIONS) ..................................................4
4.1 General Site Description ........................................................................................................... ..5
4.2 Channel Morphology (Pattern, Dimension, and Profile) .......................................................... ..7
4.3 Channel Stability Assessment ................................................................................................... ..7
• 4.4
4.5 Bankfull Verification .................................................................................................................
Vegetation . ..8
..9
5.0 REFERENCE STREAMS ...................................................................................................... ..9
5.1 Little Rockfish Creek Reference Site ........................................................................................ ..9
5.2 UT to Wilkinson Creek Reference Site ..................................................................................... ..9
5.3 Still Creek Reference Site ......................................................................................................... 10
5.4 Reference Vegetative Communities .......................................................................................... 10
6.0 PROJECT SITE WETLANDS (EXISTING CONDITIONS) ............................................ 10
6.1 Jurisdictional Wetlands ............................................................................................................. 11
6.2 Hydrologic Characterization ..................................................................................................... 11
6.2.1 Groundwater Modeling ............................................................................................. 11
6.2.2 Surface Water Modeling ........................................................................................... 12
6.2.3 Hydrologic Budget for Restoration Site ................................................................... 12
6.3 Soil Characterization ................................................................................................................. 13
6.3.1 Taxonomic Classification ......................................................................................... 14
6.3.2 Profile Description .................................................................................................... 14
6.4 Wetland Plant Community Characterization ............................................................................. 14
7.0 REFERENCE WETLAND .................................................................................................... 14
8.0 PROJECT SITE RESTORATION PLAN ............................................................................ 14
8.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives ................................................................................. 14
8.1.1 Designed Channel Classification .............................................................................. 15
8.1.2 Target Plant Communities ........................................................................................ 16
8.2 Sediment Transport Analysis .................................................................................................... 17
8.3 Wetland Hydrologic Modifications ........................................................................................... 18
•
8.4 8.3.1 Narrative of Modifications .......................................................................................
Natural Plant Community Restoration . . 18
19
8.4.1 Stream Riparian Planting .......................................................................................... 19
iii
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
8.4.2 Wetland Planting ......................................................................................................20
8.4.3 Upland Early Successional Habitat Restoration .......................................................21
8.4.4 Early Successional Habitat Management .......................................................................21
8.4.5 On-Site Invasive Species Management ..........................................................................21
9.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ..............................................................................................22
9.1 Stream Stability .........................................................................................................................22
9.2 Stream Riparian Vegetation ......................................................................................................23
9.3 Wetland Hydrology ...................................................................................................................23
9.4 Wetland Vegetation ...................................................................................................................24
9.5 Schedule/Reporting ...................................................................................................................24
10.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................25
TABLES
Table 1. Mitigation Summary .......................................................................................................... ii
Table 2. Hydrograph Events ............................................................................................................27
Table 3. Drainage Areas ..................................................................................................................28
Table 4. Project Restoration Structure and Objectives ....................................................................28
Table 5. Morphological Design Criteria .................................................................................... 29-30
FIGURES
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
Figure 2. North Carolina Ecoregions
Figure 3. Project Watershed
Figure 4. Project Site NRCS Soil Survey
Figure 5. Project Watershed Land Use
Figure 6. Project Site Floodplain Map
Figure 7. Existing Hydrologic Conditions
Figure 8. Reference Site Vicinity Map (Little Rockfish Creek)
Figure 9. Reference Site Watershed (Little Rockfish Creek)
Figure 10. Reference Site Vicinity Map (UT to Wilkinson Creek)
Figure 11. Reference Site Watershed (UT to Wilkinson Creek)
Figure 12. Reference Site Vicinity Map (Still Creek)
Figure 13. Reference Site Watershed (Still Creek)
Figure 14. Proposed Site Plan
Figure 15. Project Site Topography
PLAN SHEETS
Plan Sheet 1.
Plan Sheet IA.
Plan Sheet 2.
Plan Sheet 3-7
Plan Sheet 8-10
Plan Sheet 11-15
Plan Sheet 16
Plan Sheet 17-20
Plan Sheet 21-24
Title Sheet
General Notes and Project Legend
Details: Stabilization
Site Plan
Site Profile
Plan and Profile
Wetland Overview
Wetland Site Plan
Planting Plan
•

•
IV
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration

APPENDICES
Appendix A. Historical Aerial Photographs
Appendix B. Correspondence
Appendix C. Conservation Easement
Appendix E Existing Conditions Data
Appendix D Project Site Photographs
Appendix F NCDWQ Stream Forms
Appendix G Reference Streams
Appendix H Jurisdictional Wetland Map
Appendix I Groundwater Modeling
Appendix J Water Budget
Appendix K Upland Early Successional Habitat Management
•
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairv Stream & Wetland Restoration
1.0 INTRODUCTION •
The Farrar Dairy Stream and Wetland Restoration Site (FDS) is a full-delivery project that is being
developed for the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP) to mitigate stream and wetland
impacts within the 8-digit hydrologic cataloging unit 03030004. The entire length of the North Prong of
Anderson Creek (NPAC) within the project area will be restored or preserved. Where practical, the
stream will be relocated to its historic floodplain position. In addition, six tributaries to the NPAC will be
restored or enhanced. The project will also incorporate the restoration of approximately 44 acres of
drained wetlands, the preservation of 46 acres of existing wetlands and the enhancement of approximately
22 acres of existing degraded wetlands. Upland species management will also be incorporated as a
component of the restoration plan.
The work needed to meet the project goals will require the relocation of the NPAC, removal of ditches
and underdrains, reforestation of bottomland hardwood forest communities, incorporation of
supplemental planting in degraded forest and wetland communities, and the restoration of seeps and six
tributary streams. Degraded wetlands and stream buffers will also be enhanced through supplemental
planting and the removal of invasive species. This restoration plan presents the existing site and
watershed conditions, the restoration design criteria, the design summary, and the proposed monitoring
protocol.
2.0 PROJECT SITE IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION
2.1 Directions to Project Site
The FDS occupies portions of three parcels owned by Sandra Pait, James and Angela Farrar, and Brigham
and Kathleen Wilson. The site is located approximately 8.5 miles southwest of Lillington, North Carolina
in Harnett County (Figure 1).
To reach the site from Raleigh:
Proceed south out of Raleigh on US 401/US-421/ Capital Drive towards Fuquay-Varina, continuing south
from Fuquay-Varina on US-401/US-421 towards Lillington. Turn right onto NC-210 and continue south
through Lillington for approximately 6.5 miles to Darroch Road. Turn right onto Darroch Road and
continue approximately 3 miles to Powell Farm Road. Turn left onto Powell Farm Road, drive
approximately 1.5 miles and the entrance to the site will be on the left through the driveway of the red
ranch style home.
2.2 USGS Hydrologic Unit Code and NCDWQ River Basin Designations
The NPAC is a second and third order perennial stream that flows from northwest to southeast for
approximately 7,750 linear feet through the project site.
The project site is situated within the 03030004 Watershed Cataloging Unit (8-digit HUC) and the Local
Watershed Unit (14-digit HUC) 03030004110010 (Anderson Creek). It is within the North Carolina
Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ) Subbasin 03-06-14. The FDS was not included in the area covered
by North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program's (EEP) most recent publication of excluded and
targeted Local Watersheds/Hydrologic Units.
3.0 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION
The project watershed is predominantly forested with agricultural inclusions. Rural residential and
suburban development is evident along the western edge of the project watershed. The project drainage is
within the Sand Hills ecoregion of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province and the surrounding
topography is characterized as rolling to hilly (Figure 2). The site is mapped in close proximity to both 40
the Rolling Coastal Plain and the Northern Outer Piedmont and displays characteristics of both
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• ecoregions. The elevation in the project watershed ranges from approximately 165 to 460 feet above
mean sea level.
3.1 Drainage Area
The project watershed drains toward the southeast with a contributing area of approximately 5.7 square
miles (3,624 acres) at the downstream limits of the site (Figure 3). The downstream limit of the project
site is approximately 5.1 river miles upstream of the confluence with the South Prong Anderson Creek,
which is the start of Anderson Creek. The NPAC drains into Anderson Creek, then the Little River to the
south, and ultimately to the Cape Fear River. The project area is located in the United States Geological
Survey (USGS) Anderson Creek Quadrangle.
3.2 Surface Water Classification/Water Quality
NCDWQ assigns surface water classifications in order to help protect, maintain, and preserve water
quality. The NPAC is classified as Class C waters from its source to Anderson Creek. The DWQ
categorized Anderson Creek as having a good bioclassification rating in 2003, which is an improvement
from good-fair in 1998 (NCDENR, 2005).
• Class C waters are protected for secondary recreation, fishing, wildlife, fish and aquatic life
propagation and survival, agriculture, and other uses suitable for Class C. Secondary recreation
includes wading, boating, and other uses involving human body contact with water where such
activities take place in an infrequent, unorganized, or incidental manner. There are no restrictions
on watershed development or types of discharges. (NCDENR, 2006).
3.3 Geology and Soils
The underlying rocks of the site are Cretaceous sediments. The formation underlying the site is the
Middendorf Formation, which is described as sand, sandstone and mudstone; gray to pale gray with an
orange cast, mottled; clay balls and iron cemented concretions common; beds laterally discontinuous,
cross-bedding common (NCGS, 1985).
The soils within the project site are defined by the Harnett County Soil Survey as Altavista, Augusta,
Bibb, Blaney, Gilead, Roanoke and Wehadkee. According to the NRCS, Harnett County Soil Survey,
Wehadkee loam is the dominant soil type in the project area (Figure 4). Altavista fine sandy loam
consists of nearly level, very deep, moderately well drained soils on terraces. Augusta fine sandy loam
consists of nearly level, very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils on stream terraces. Bibb loam consists
of nearly level, very deep, poorly drained soils on floodplains and in small natural drainageways. Gilead
loamy sand consists of gently sloping, very deep, moderately well drained soils on side slopes in the
uplands. Roanoke loam consists mainly of nearly level, very deep, poorly drained soils on low flats and
in depressions or drainageways. Wehadkee loam consists of nearly level, very deep, poorly drained soils
on floodplains. The Bibb, Roanoke and Wehadkee soils are listed as hydric (federal, state and county
hydric soils lists) due to prolonged saturation for a significant portion of the growing season (USDA, SCS
1984).
3.4 Historical Land Use and Development Trends
3.4.1 Historical Resources
Historical aerial photographs were obtained from the Harnett County Natural Resources Conservation
Service (NRCS) office in order to enhance the assessment of existing site conditions. All available aerial
photographs were reviewed in order to create a chronology of land disturbance and aid in the evaluation
of the site. Aerial photographs of the site were obtained from 1938, 1949, 1955, 1972, 1981, 1988, 1993,
1998 and 2004 (Appendix A). Overall, the land use surrounding the site has not changed significantly
since 1938. Forest and agricultural land dominate the landscape with scattered residential development
2
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
occurring within the general area. The historic aerial photographs elucidate several features pertinent to •
the proposed environmental improvements to the property. They are:
1. At some time before 1938 the mainstem of the NPAC was altered to maximize the use of an
agricultural field adjacent to Powell Farm Road.
2. The headwaters of the NPAC west of Powell Farm Road have remained primarily
undeveloped through the period of photographic record with the exception of two residential
developments in the southwestern portion of the watershed. A significant portion of the
watershed will remain undeveloped as Harnett County Economic Development has acquired
approximately 1,000 acres of the NPAC headwaters.
3. Between 1955 and 1972, additional channel manipulations along the mainstem of the NPAC
and three tributary systems are evident. These manipulations general appeared to have been
completed to more efficiently convey water through the property. Several ponds were also
constructed during this period.
4. Significant land clearing along the mainstem of the NPAC occurred between 1981 and 1988,
apparently to expand production of pasture and commodity crop acreage.
5. Minor land use changes were apparent between 1988 and 2004. A pond (the largest on the
property) was constructed and hydrologic manipulations were noted in the central portion of
the site where shallow ponds and ditches were created for the purpose of attracting migratory
waterfowl.
6. A dendritic channel pattern is apparent in the eastern portion of the 2004 photograph that is
not evident in the 1988 photo. This is along the NPAC and is likely caused by beaver
activity, as confirmed during site visits to the property.
3.4.2 Land Use and Development Potential
The project watershed is approximately 3,624 acres in size as seen in Figure 3. The land use in the
project watershed consists of Forest Land (2,606 ac/71.9%), Agricultural (756 ac/20.9%), Wetland (189
ac/5.2%), Rangeland (47 ac/1.3%), Water Bodies (21 ac/0.6%) and Urban or Built-up (5 ac/0.2%). The
approximate total impervious cover of the project watershed is 2.7% (98 ac). This estimate was
developed using the following percent impervious estimates: Water (100%), Urban or Built-up (55%),
Wetland (30%), Barren (10%), Rangeland (5%), Agricultural (2%), and Forest (0%). The surrounding
area is rural with low to moderate development pressure. Land use was based on the North Carolina GAP
land use classification using 1992 aerial photography (McKerrow, 2003).
3.5 Endangered/Threatened Species
KCI requested a formal review by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) in July 2006 to
evaluate the presence of any rare species, critical habitats, and priority natural areas on the project site and
to determine the potential impact of the proposed project on these resources. In their findings letter dated
August 1, 2006 (Appendix B), the NCNHP indicated "no record of rare species, significant natural
communities, or priority natural areas at the site." NCNHP did indicate that there is a County-significant
natural area known as the Barbecue Pine Forest that is located to the west of the site. However, that site
is located upstream of the FDS and no detrimental impacts are anticipated to occur to the County-
significant parcel. In addition, no threatened or endangered species were identified in the project area
during the existing conditions site assessment. Also, a formal review by the United States Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) was requested in July 2006, but no correspondence was returned.
3.6 Cultural Resources
To evaluate the presence of significant cultural resources on the subject property, KCI requested a formal
review at the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, State Historic Preservation Office
(SHPO). The formal SHPO review, dated August 23, 2006, found no historic properties within the project
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• area (See Appendix B). A formal review by the State Archeology Office identified no potential
archeology sites on or around the subject property.
3.7 Potential Constraints
The site was evaluated for any constraints that could hinder the implementation of a successful mitigation
project. In addition, any field conditions that could restrict the restoration design and implementation
were documented during the field investigation.
3.7.1 Property Ownership and Boundary
The project site is located on three different parcels: James and Angela Farrar, 1395 Farrar Dairy Road,
Lillington, NC 27546; Sandra Pait, 5407 Willington Drive, Fort Lawn, SC 29714; and Brigham and
Kathleen Wilson, 300 Wilson Run, Bunnlevel, NC 28323. On the area identified for stream and wetland
mitigation, KCI acquired a conservation easement that is now held by the State of North Carolina. The
conservation easement boundary (plat with legal description) has been included in Appendix C.
3.7.2 Site Access
There will be one access point to the project site off of Powell Farm Road at the western corner of the
project site. This is a legal access point guaranteed with an ingress/egress easement. During the
restoration of the stream and wetland components, construction equipment will be able to maneuver up
and down the site as necessary.
3.7.3 Utilities
There are no utilities located on the project site.
3.7.4 FEMA/Hydrologic Trespass
The NPAC and the wetland restoration site are both located within the 100-year floodplain (Zone AE)
(Figure 6). As such, any modifications that would result in the increase of the 100-year flood elevation
would require a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR). It is the intent of the restoration design
to maintain the existing 100-year flood elevations. A proposed hydrology and hydraulics (H&H)
summary will be submitted with a letter indicating that an increase in the 100-year flood elevation is not
anticipated (No-Rise Certification).
KCI has acquired the existing HEC-RAS model from FEMA for the FDS as shown on DFIRM Panels
Number 0506J and 0526J. KCI has developed a conditional floodplain model by updating the published
hydraulic data with the detailed topographic survey used to prepare the construction drawings for the
NPAC. The proposed model represents the conditions following changes to the channel and floodplain as
a result of the restoration. Following completion of the final design, the proposed model will be updated
and submitted to Harnett County for approval. Preliminary indications are that the proposed project will
not produce hydrologic trespass conditions on any of the three adjacent properties to the FDS.
4.0 PROJECT SITE STREAMS (EXISTING CONDITIONS)
A site field assessment was conducted in the fall of 2007 to document existing conditions and evaluate the
potential for stream and wetland restoration. The existing site conditions and site assessment locations for
cross-sections and longitudinal profiles are shown in Figure 7 and documented in the site photographs
(Appendix D). Observations and collected data are summarized below. All the project streams receive
perennial flow and the DWQ stream identification forms that were completed in March 2006 are included
in Appendix F.
•
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
4.1 General Site Description •
Livestock, crop production, vegetation removal, and other human induced disturbances have impacted all
the project streams. The site has a documented history of disturbance beginning before the 1900's. In
addition, the NPAC within the study area has been relocated to facilitate drainage and maximize use of
the adjacent agricultural fields. The USGS quadrangle documents the radical movement of the NPAC to
its current location. In its current condition, the site contributes significant nutrient loading from the land
application of animal waste and offers limited terrestrial and aquatic wildlife habitat.
The FDS consists of approximately 4,565 existing linear feet of the NPAC and approximately 5,980
linear feet of six tributaries Tributary 1 (T 1.1), Tributary 1 (T 1.2), Tributary 1 (TI), Tributary 2 (T2A-
T2B), Tributary 3 (T3), and Tributary 4 (T4) as shown in Figure 7. Four of these tributaries drain into the
NPAC: T1 at existing Station 25+75, T213 at existing Station 35+50, T3 at existing Station 45+33, and T4
at the limits of the preservation area at existing Stations 150+00-164+20. Tributary 2 has been divided
into two reaches as A (steep slope) and B (flat slope), according to the change in slope for each tributary.
? NPAC - 4,565 Linear Feet
The NPAC begins at Powell Farm Road on the western property boundary of the site at existing
Station 10+00. The NPAC is a second-order stream that flows west to east for approximately
7,750 linear feet toward the project end at the property line at Station 58+00. The first 3,000 feet
of the NPAC have been straightened over the past 80 years, showing significant variation from
the alignment as identified on the USGS quadrangle and historic aerial photographs. The portion
of the stream from Station 10+00 to 31+00 was excavated to follow a property line and is deeply
incised. This section of channel was actually excavated through an existing drainage divide. The
stream is bordered to the south by an agricultural field that contains three drainage features along
with several tile drains that enter the NPAC. This section contains a gravel bottom with the banks
consisting of sand and clay layers. The tops of the banks are heavily vegetated with dense roots.
The majority of the banks along this reach have surface protection provided by a moderately
dense herbaceous cover. Downstream at Station 28+00 to 31+00, cattle have access to the stream
resulting in an absence of vegetation along the stream banks. This section of the stream is narrow
with low banks. The stream flows into a corrugated metal culvert under a farm road near Station
28+50. Downstream of the farm road, the stream remains narrow with low banks until the
confluence with T2 at Station 35+50, where the channel starts to widen and again becomes
incised. An agricultural field borders the stream to the west. Further downstream at Station
45+33, T3 enters the NPAC and the stream remains overwidened and deeply incised.
Downstream of the confluence with T3, there are three man-made ponds that border the NPAC to
the north. These ponds were constructed as habitat for migratory waterfowl by the existing
landowner. The NPAC then flows into a corrugated metal pipe under a farm road at Station
50+55. From Station 50+55 to Station 58+00, the stream has been channelized to drain the
existing adjacent agricultural fields, and presumably to allow the construction of the adjacent
ponds. Due to the presence of a 300-foot wide beaver dam downstream, the NPAC channel
begins to braid at Station 58+00. The braided channel feature extends approximately 2,750 linear
feet to the downstream limits of the project site. This area encompasses the wetland preservation
portion of the project and contains a diverse vegetated mosaic of forested, scrub shrub and
emergent wetlands that offer significant habitat and water quality benefits to the NPAC
watershed.
? Tributary 1.1 (T1.1) - 864 Linear Feet
This tributary is located at the northern extent of the project site and flows south to join T1. T1.1
originates from a wetland seep located within a forested area that has been impacted by livestock
grazing. The beginning of T1.1 has low banks and appears relatively stable. Downstream, the
adjacent topography to the south slopes toward the stream where the channel becomes more
5
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
incised. Several mature trees exist within this riparian zone and the root systems have served as
grade control in some areas. Headcuts have migrated to these roots systems from downgradient,
causing several significant hydraulic drops. Uncontrolled cattle grazing are evident throughout
this area, contributing to the destabilization of the banks within this tributary.
? Tributary 1.2 (T1.2) - 995 Linear Feet
This tributary parallels TL1 approximately 300 feet to the northwest. T1.2 is a first-order
hydrologic features that flow south for approximately 995 linear feet. T1.2 and TLI join together
at the confluence of T1. The beginning of T1.2 starts at a culvert where the channel is
approximately 5 feet incised. The stream is located in a cattle pasture and has undergone severe
degradation with two significant headcuts.
? Tributary I (TI) - 389 Linear Feet
T1 is a second order hydrologic feature that begins at the confluence of TLI and T1.2. As a
result of cattle activity, there are no defined banks where the two streams join, making it difficult
to define a stream centerline. T1 flows south into a low-lying wetland area. The tributary joins
the NPAC below the existing farm pond.
? Tributary 2A (T2A) - 977 Linear Feet
This tributary is located on the western edge of the project site and is a first-order hydrologic
feature. T2A is a single-thread channel originating from a large seep on the adjacent valley wall.
T2A flows east to a road crossing, where T213 begins as the slope changes. The channel has been
ditched with spoil piles located along the banks.
? Tributary 2B (T2B) - 977 Linear Feet
This tributary is a continuation of T2. It begins at the culvert crossing and flows northeast before
joining the NPAC. Two drainage features originating in the adjacent cattle pasture to the north
enter T213. The channel is ditched to its confluence with the NPAC and spoil piles exist along the
banks.
? Tributary 3 (T3) -1,335 Linear Feet
This tributary is located on the southwestern edge of the project site and is a first order hydrologic
feature. T3 originates from seeps on the west side of NC 1126. The stream enters the FDS and
flows northeast for approximately 1,335 linear feet before joining the NPAC. Two drainage
features enter T3. The first feature joins T3 from the west, while the second feature joins T3 from
the northwest. T3 has been extensively ditched and the downstream section experiences
backwater from the NPAC.
? Tributary 4 (T4) -1,420 Linear Feet
This tributary is located on the southeastern edge of the project site. T4 is a first order hydrologic
feature that flows northeast for approximately 1,420 linear feet before joining an area that has
been significantly altered by beaver activity. The tributary flows onto the property into a field
that has been logged and is heavily overrun with common greenbrier. T4 has significant debris
blockages from the logging activities; however, the channel itself is relatively stable with
appropriate dimension and pattern. Downstream, the channel begins to braid into a small wetland
just before flowing into an eight-inch (8") diameter pipe under a farm road crossing. The road
embankment together with the small pipe impounds the stream upstream of the road.
Downstream of the pipe crossing, the channel has been backwatered due to beaver activity
• approximately 800 feet downstream.
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
4.2 Channel Morphology (Pattern, Dimension, and Profile)
A Rosgen Level III assessment was conducted to gather existing stream dimension, pattern, and profile
data and determine the degree of channel instability. Channel cross-sections were surveyed at eleven
representative locations along the NPAC, two locations each along T1.1, T1.2, and T3, while one location
each on T2A and T2B. Data developed from these surveys are presented in a channel morphology
summary in Appendix E.
4.3 Channel Stability Assessment
A qualitative stability assessment was performed to estimate the level of departure and determine the
likely causes of the channel disturbance. This assessment facilitates the decision-making process with
respect to restoration alternatives and establishing goals for successful restoration.
Bank Erodibility Hazard Index (BEHI) rating forms were prepared for the NPAC and its tributaries
(Appendix E). Two BEHI rating forms were performed on the NPAC, two forms were performed on
T1.1, and one form each for T1.2, T2B, and T3.
The NPAC exhibits the characteristics typical of an unstable stream channel. Most notably, the stream
has been channelized and is experiencing bank erosion along portions of the reach. The upstream portion
of the NPAC exhibited a very high BEHI rating with bank height ratios ranging from 1.9 to 2.5. High
bank height ratios (>1.2) are typical of incised and/or channelized streams. The steep banks and lack of
vegetation in this reach creates a high potential erosion condition. Further downstream, there are areas
where cattle are regularly crossing the stream. This has resulted in significant physical disturbance to the
stream channel. This portion of the NPAC lacks stream bank vegetation and consequently lacks rooting
strength and cover. This area exhibited a high BEHI rating with bank height ratios as high as 1.9. Of the
two areas with lower bank heights, the first section is where the stream gauge was installed. It has been
stabilized by rip rap backfilled in the channel. The second section consists is a local area with a narrower
channel and lower banks. The downstream portion of NPAC is channelized and exhibits the same
characteristics found in the upstream section. NPAC flows through a culvert that creates backwater for
several hundred feet upstream and disrupts the normal baseflow. Due to the backwater, large amounts of
fine sediment have deposited throughout this portion of the stream.
The tributaries draining to the NPAC all show signs of instability as well. TLI does not exhibit specific
bed features, rather it consists of grass sporadically covering the channel bed and banks. Further
downstream, the channel changes with the steeper topography, becoming severely incised as a result of
poor grazing management and increased slope. Downstream, a 6-foot head cut is migrating upstream
resulting in a narrow channel and steep banks. The stream remains unstable until the confluence with
T1.2. There were two BEHI forms performed on T1.1, because the upstream portion of the stream varies
considerably from the downstream portion. T1.1 upstream exhibited a low BEHI rating while the
downstream section exhibited an extreme rating with bank height ratios ranging from 1.7 to 4.4. T1.2 is
an unstable, incised channel. Sparse trees exist along the banks with minimal vegetation protecting the
bank surface. The tributary remains unstable throughout the entire reach. T1.2 exhibited an extreme
BEHI rating with bank height ratios ranging from 1.1 to 2.0.
T2 had a very high BEHI rating with bank height ratios ranging from 3.2 to 3.5. This tributary has been
channelized, which has resulted in a deep and narrow channel with a constricted floodprone area. The
tributary has a thin row of mature trees bordering the channel to the right. There is cattle pasture located
adjacent to the left bank (northern side) of the stream and as a result, there is no riparian vegetation along
the stream to stabilize the bank. is
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
T3 flows onto the property from an upstream drainage. Approximately 270 linear feet downstream, the
tributary flows into a culvert at a farm road crossing. Upstream of the crossing, the channel has high
unstable banks and there is a deep, wide pool with a large amount of residual fine sediment. Downstream
of the culvert, the tributary has a narrow channel with steep banks. A drainage feature enters the stream
where the channel begins to widen. T3 exhibited a very high BEHI rating with bank height ratios up to
1.4. T3 flows through a second culvert just before it enters NPAC. The resulting backwater conditions
deposits large amounts of fine sediment throughout this portion of the stream.
4.4 Bankfull Verification
The standard methodology used in natural channel design is based on the ability to select the appropriate
bankfull discharge and generate the corresponding bankfull hydraulic geometry from a stable reference
system(s). The determination of bankfull stage is the most critical component of the natural channel
design process.
Bankfull can be defined as "the stage at which channel maintenance is most effective, that is, the
discharge at which moving sediment, forming or removing bars, forming or changing bends and
meanders, and generally doing work that results in the average morphologic characteristics of the
channels" (Dunne and Leopold, 1978). Several characteristics that commonly indicate the bankfull stage
include: breaks in slope, changes in vegetation, highest depositional features (i.e. point bars), and highest
scour line. Using these indicators to the extent practical in a degraded system, a bankfull stage height of
2.6 feet was identified on the NPAC.
Because the identification of bankfull stage in a degraded system can be difficult, verification measures
were utilized to facilitate the correct identification of the bankfull stage on the NPAC. To validate
bankfull stage at the site, a pressure transducer/data logger combination gauge monitored actual stream
stage throughout the study period. Stream stage data were collected from a pressure transducer on the
NPAC for twelve months (March 2007 through February 2008). The hydrograph events are included in
Table 2. Water levels were correlated to an estimated discharge using a rating curve generated for the
gauged cross-section. Based on the stream dimensions at the gauge, the discharge at which water accessed
a bankfull elevation was approximately 100 cfs during a precipitation event on March 16, 2007. This
event occurred at the same stage height (2.6 ft) identified as bankfull in the field. This storm produced 2.9
inches of rain over 12 hours. Using precipitation frequency estimates, the March event has an average
reoccurrence interval of approximately 1 to 2 years using the published margins of error (NOAA, NWS
2007). Because of drought conditions beginning in May 2007 and extending into February 2008, there
were no other large storm events that provided reliable stream hydrograph responses to evaluate bankfull
discharge.
A regional curve has not been developed for the Sand Hills Ecoregion and therefore this verification
method was not employed. In lieu of a published relationship describing drainage area and hydraulic
geometry, KCI investigated the relationship between drainage area and discharge among available USGS
gauge data in the Sand Hills Ecoregion (Level IV - 65c). Discharge data from 15 available gauges with at
least 10 years of annual maximum discharges and drainage areas less than 350 square miles were used in
the analysis. The annual maximum discharges were used with a Log-Pearson Type III Distribution to
produce approximate discharges for 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 year events. Unfortunately, no statistically valid
relationships could be developed from the available data.
Other methods used to evaluate the bankfull determination included an ecoregion-based effective
discharge calculation method put forth by Simon et al. (2003). This relationship looks at the effective
• discharge (channel-forming discharge) measured by the maximum suspended sediment transport and
predicts that the project drainage area of this size in the Southeastern Plains Ecoregion (Level III) would
have an effective discharge of 125 cfs with a 1.2 year frequency.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
4.5 Vegetation
The existing riparian areas throughout the FDS are in pasture, agricultural fields, and wetlands. The cattle
keep the vegetation to a minimum. There are no distinct community types present along the NPAC and its
tributaries. Any vegetation along the stream channels is comprised mainly of small brushy shrubs
sporadically interspersed with larger trees. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), red maple (Acer
rubrum), blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda),
southern red oak (Quercus falcata), swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora), water oak (Quercus nigra), and
common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia) are predominant species along the riparian corridor. Along the
upstream section of the NPAC to the north, there is a young forest dominated by red maple, sweet gum,
and American elm (Ulmus americana). The understory is dense and is dominated by American holly
(Ilex opaca), sweetgum and common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia). Along T4, the dominant species
were similar with the exception that more blackgum were present.
5.0 REFERENCE STREAMS
A reference reach is a channel with a stable dimension, pattern, and profile within a particular valley
morphology. The reference reach is used to develop dimensionless morphological ratios (based on
bankfull stage) that can be extrapolated to disturbed/unstable streams to restore a stream of the same type
and disposition as the reference stream (Rosgen, 1998). For this project, three reference reaches were used
to design the proposed restored reaches for the NPAC and its tributaries: Little Rockfish Creek in
Cumberland County, UT to Wilkinson Creek in Chatham County, and Still Creek in Wayne County (see
Appendix G for detailed reference reach data).
5.1 Little Rockfish Creek Reference Site
A section of Little Rockfish Creek, located southwest of Fayetteville off of Gills Hills Road, was
identified as a reference reach to use for the restoration design for the NPAC and T3. Little Rockfish
Creek flows southeast through the southern portion of Cumberland County (Figure 8). The reference site
selection was based on the location in the same physiographic province and watershed, similar valley
morphology, and similar sediment regime to the project stream. The NPAC is a C5 stream while its
reference Little Rockfish Creek is an E5 stream. The designed width to depth ratio for the NPAC is 12,
which is a low width to depth ratio C5 classification. Earth Tech surveyed approximately 620 linear feet
of Little Rockfish Creek in July 2002. This reach of Little Rockfish Creek was classified as a Rosgen E5
channel type and has a valley slope of approximately 0.2%.
Little Rockfish Creek is situated in the Coastal Plain physiographic province and the Atlantic Southern
Loam Plains Ecoregion. The Little Rockfish Creek watershed is located within the NCDWQ Subbasin
03-06-15 of the Cape Fear River Basin and the (USGS 14-digit Hydrologic Unit 03030004150050). The
reference reach watershed drains approximately 16.50 square miles of low-density residential and
forested lands, including a military reservation (Figure 9). The headwaters of Little Rockfish Creek start
north of US-401 and flow south/southeast toward the Town of Hope Mills and BUS-95 where the stream
meets Rockfish Creek.
5.2 UT to Wilkinson Creek Reference Site
A section of an Unnamed Tributary to Wilkinson Creek, located southwest of Chapel Hill, was identified
and surveyed as a reference reach for the T1.1, T1.2, T1, and T2A restoration. UT to Wilkinson Creek
flows west through Chatham County towards its confluence with Wilkinson Creek (Figure 10). It drains
approximately 105 acres of low-density residential, agriculture, and forested lands (Figure 11). The
reference reach is situated within the southeastern portion of the Piedmont physiographic province and its
watershed (USGS 14-digit Hydrologic Unit 03030002050100) is located within the NCDWQ sub-basin is
03-06-04 of the Cape Fear River Basin. Approximately 205 linear feet of the UT to Wilkinson Creek
were surveyed in May 2006. This reach of UT to Wilkinson Creek was classified as a "B4c" channel
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• type. The dimensionless hydraulic geometry relationships were developed from stable channel
dimensions to facilitate the design of the proposed channel cross-sections for the restoration reaches.
5.3 Still Creek Reference Site
A section of Still Creek, located southeast of Goldsboro in Cliffs of the Neuse State Park, was identified
as a reference reach to use for the restoration design for T2B. Still Creek flows south through the
southern portion of Wayne County (Figure 12). The reference site selection was based on the location in
the same physiographic province and watershed, similar valley morphology, and similar sediment regime
to the project stream. Buck Engineering surveyed approximately 529 linear feet of Still Creek. This reach
of Still Creek was classified as a Rosgen E5 channel type and has a valley slope of approximately 0.8%.
Still Creek is situated in the Coastal Plain physiographic province and the Southeastern Floodplains and
Low Terraces Ecoregion. The watershed is located within the DWQ Subbasin 03-04-05 of the Neuse
River Basin. The reference reach watershed drains approximately 0.35 square mile of forested lands
including a state park (Figure 13). The headwaters of Still Creek originate from a small pond in the State
Park and flow northwest crossing over NC-111 to join the Neuse River.
KCI spent considerable time searching for suitable reference reaches for the FDS. Finding a reference
stream for the tributaries proved to be particularly hard. No stable B5c streams with the appropriate slope
in the coastal area could be found. Even though the UT to Wilkinson site is not as close to the project site
geographically, the desired stream type and valley slope is the same as the project tributaries.
5.4 Reference Vegetative Communities
A survey was conducted to identify and document the dominant plant communities associated with the
different reference reaches. Several distinct communities were recognized and species lists were
compiled. These lists were used to identify two communities described by Schafale and Weakley (1990)
that are representative of the reference systems appropriate for the FDS.
The natural community identified as representative of the reference reach floodplain areas was the Coastal
Plain Small Stream Swamp (Brownwater Subtype). This community type is described as being palustrine,
intermittently, temporarily, or seasonally flooded. Generally this community will exist on alluvial soils
such as Bibb and Wehadkee as is the case for the FDS. This community is generally limited to areas just
below the Fall Zone, where small Piedmont streams flow into the Coastal Plain. Although the streams on
the FDP originate in the Sand Hills, they closely fit the description of this community type. The canopy
species that are typically found within a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp include black willow (Salix
nigra), river birch (Betula nigra), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
sweetgum, sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), and various species of oak. Species that dominate the
understory are ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), American holly, and Carolina ash (Fraxinus
caroliniana) (Schafale and Weakley, 1990).
The second community type identified was the Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment. This
community type covers areas on the property that have been manipulated by physical disturbance,
whether that be from man induced disturbance (pond creation, dam installation) or by natural measures
(beaver dams). These areas are permanently flooded, grading outward to the prevailing hydrology of the
surrounding area. Vegetation is dominated by floating or submerged aquatics, with a canopy of tupelo or
cypress around the periphery.
6.0 PROJECT SITE WETLANDS (EXISTING CONDITIONS)
• There were twelve existing wetlands identified on the project site (Figure 7). The soils in the project area
were delineated by using data from soil borings throughout the site. The jurisdictional wetland delineation
for the project site was approved by the USACE on August 20, 2007 and is included in Appendix H.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
6.1 Jurisdictional Wetlands •
Existing wetlands were delineated in September 2006 using the methods outlined by the US Army Corps
of Engineers (USACE, 1987). Twelve existing wetland communities were mapped on the Farrar Dairy
Property (Appendix H). Many of these wetlands extend beyond the conservation easement limits of the
FDS, as indicated by the acreages below. Wetland WI is located in the southern portion of the project
site on the floodplain of T4 and includes approximately 1.7 acres of forested wetlands dominated by red
maple, sweet gum, water tupelo and loblolly pine. Wetland W2 is located in the southeastern corner of the
property within and surrounding the braided channel portion of the NPAC. This wetland area is
approximately 60.60 acres in size and contains a mixed mosaic of herbaceous, scrub shrub and forested
wetlands along the floodplain of the NPAC. This area has been impounded by a series of beaver dams.
Wetlands W3 and W4 comprise approximately 13.15 acres of palustrine forested wetlands that have been
impacted by cattle grazing and sedimentation. Many of the trees within this wetland are dead, apparently
because of excessive sedimentation and prolonged inundation. The herbaceous ground cover, consisting
of a broad range of wetland sedges, rushes and grasses, thrives due to the lack of canopy cover.
Unfortunately, a strong invasive component dominated by Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum)
also is abundant throughout this wetland. Wetlands W6 and W7 are both small seep wetlands that provide
hydrology to T1.1. These areas have also been impacted by cattle grazing. Wetland W8 is a 0.10-acre
pond located on the northwestern portion where T1 enters the NPAC. Wetlands W9 and W10 are located
on the western portion of the project near the confluence of the NPAC and T2 and are approximately 1.56
acres and 0.62 acre, respectively. These wetland areas were created through the installation of berms that
were installed to create shallow water impoundments. Wetland W 11 is located in the central portion of
the project near the confluence of T3 and is approximately 2.28 acres in size. This is also a wetland that
has been developed by the landowner using shallow berms to hold water. The area relies on floodwaters
from the NPAC for hydrology. Wetlands P1 and P2 are located in the central portion of the project
adjacent to the NPAC and are approximately 1.11 and 7.09 acres in size, respectively. Wetlands P1 and
P2 are manipulated ponds that create a series of shallow impoundments intended to attract migratory
waterfowl. The deepwater impoundments range in depth from 1 foot to 4 feet.
6.2 Hydrologic Characterization
6.2.1 Groundwater Modeling
The numerous modifications to the hydrology of the FDS have effectively drained significant areas of
historic wetlands on-site. The development of a network of ditches up to three feet deep has significantly
altered the influence and frequency of flooding in these areas. The effect of ditching on wetland
hydrology was evaluated using DRAINMOD (Skaggs, North Carolina State University). The model
simulates the hydrology of poorly drained, high water table soils on an hour-by-hour, day-by-day basis
for long periods of climatological record (e.g. 50 years). DRAINMOD was used as a predictive tool for
the FDS using the following data:
1. NRCS model Map Unit Users File (MUUF) for Wehadkee soils;
2. Daily rainfall and daily maximum and minimum temperatures for Fayetteville Public
Works Commission and Smithfield Airport for the period from 1960 to 2000 (National
Climatic Data Center);
3. Harnett County growing season (16 March to 11 November).
In addition to the data collected from available literature, soil borings were emplaced within the wetland
restoration areas to determine the depth to a confining layer. These data showed an impermeable layer at a
depth of approximately 90 cm (±3 ft) from the ground surface throughout the majority of the proposed •
wetland restoration area.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
The DRAINMOD simulations were run based on the input data above. The site specific data suggest that
jurisdictional wetland hydrology would occur only if the drain spacing was 125 in (410 ft) or more, but
the existing drainage ditches on site are generally closer together than this. Additional simulations were
run using the proposed conditions (restored channel depth and increased surface storage through the
creation of microtopography). Based on this data, wetland hydrology is forecast to be achieved for post-
restoration conditions at a drain spacing of 117 in (351 ft) or greater for the restored channel brought up
to the floodplain with an effective depth of 75 cm (2.5 ft). The distance between the proposed tributary
channels is significantly larger than 117 meters throughout the wetland restoration area. In addition to the
drain spacing information, the results indicate that the drainage network has contributed to the removal of
jurisdictional wetland hydrology. Restoration of these wetlands will be dependent on eliminating
(filling) the existing field drains to the extent practical, maximizing the spacing of existing jurisdictional
streams within the wetland area, increasing surface storage through the creation of microtopography and
increasing the frequency of flooding between the restored jurisdictional tributaries and the adjacent
wetland restoration areas.
The data output files for the existing conditions as well as proposed conditions are included in Appendix
1. Excel charts of the analytical simulations that allowed the determination of the specific simulations to
run are also included in Appendix I.
6.2.2 Surface Water Modeling
T2, T3, and the wetland restoration areas are all located within the 5-year floodplain of the NPAC (Figure
6). The 5-year floodplain extent serves to differentiate between riverine and non-riverine wetland
restoration types. The discharge associated with a 0.20 (20%) exceedence probability or 5-year return
period was calculated using the Rural Regression Equation published in the USGS Fact Sheet 007-00,
. January 2002. The rural peak discharge associated with a 0.01 (1%) exceedence probability or 100-year
return period as published in FEMA's Flood Insurance Study (FIS) for Harnett County was computed
using the Rural Regression Equations for the Sand Hills hydrologic region of the state. The drainage area
of 3.7 square miles, as published in the FIS, began 0.05 miles downstream of Powell Farm Road. The
drainage area for calculation of the peak discharge changes 1.04 miles downstream of Powell Farm Road.
The project area lies within these boundaries.
KCI performed an analysis of surface water inputs in order to differentiate between riverine and
nonriverine wetlands. HEC-GeoRAS was used to develop cross-sections through the project at the same
locations as published in the Flood Insurance Study for Harnett County. The 2-foot LIDAR DEM was
used to provide the elevations for the cross-sections. The cross-sections were exported to HEC-RAS and
used to develop a model within the project area. The 5-year water surface elevations were generated and
exported to HEC-GeoRAS, and the limits of the 5-year floodplain were converted into boundary limits.
All of the areas within the boundary represent riverine wetland restoration, while those identified outside
of the boundary represent the non-riverine wetland restoration portions of the FDS. For the FDS, all of the
wetland restoration proposed will be riverine in nature.
6.2.3 Hydrologic Budget for Restoration Site
Existing Conditions
Existing site hydrology was modeled by developing an annual water budget that calculates hydrologic
inputs and outputs in order to calculate the change in storage on a monthly time step (Appendix J).
In order to set up the water budget, historic climatic data were obtained from the North Carolina State
Climatic Office. The weather station Fayetteville, Public Works Commission in Fayetteville, North
• Carolina was used, because it is the nearest station with daily precipitation and temperature records. The
station is located approximately 25 miles to the south of FDS. Monthly precipitation totals from the
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entire period of record (1960-2000) were reviewed and three years were selected to represent a range of
precipitation conditions: dry year (1981), average year (1979), and wet year (2000).
Potential inputs to the water budget include precipitation, groundwater, and surface inputs. For
precipitation, the data from the three selected years were used in the budget. Groundwater inputs likely
exists, but were considered to be negligible for the purposes of this study. Surface water input was
calculated using the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff curve number equation (USDA, SCS
1986).
Outputs from the site include potential evapotranspiration (PET), groundwater, and surface water outlets.
PET was calculated by the Thornthwaite method using mean monthly temperatures determined from the
chosen years of record: 1981, 1979, and 2000. On the FDS, a substantial amount of water is lost through
the existing ditches. The DRAINMOD simulation above modeled the effect of the existing drainage
network on wetland hydrology. The model results were used to determine the input parameter for annual
surface water loss associated with the ditch network on site.
Once the inputs and outputs were determined, a net monthly total was calculated in inches and used to
estimate a yearly water budget. The model assumes unsaturated conditions at the beginning of the year.
A maximum wetland water volume of 5.4 inches was calculated based on the specific yield of 0.15 for 36
inches of Wehadkee soil. The resulting hydrographs for the average, dry, and wet years show a seasonal
pattern. The model shows that the majority of hydrologic inputs to the site come during the rainy spring
months. The site begins to lose saturation in the upper twelve inches in the late spring and early summer
months. The late fall sees an increase in hydrologic inputs again. The dry year shows very little
hydrology overall. A chart showing existing conditions for dry, wet and average years is included in
Appendix J. It is clear from the existing model output that the ditches within the site are exerting a larger
influence on the site than the water budget is accurately able to predict. The site is currently not
achieving the wetland hydrology that the model predicts.
Proposed Conditions
A modified water budget was developed to analyze the effect of restoration actions on the site hydrology.
Because the majority of the ditches on the site will be filled, reducing or eliminating surface water losses,
the loss of water from the existing ditches was removed from the calculations. To estimate the impact
from re-creating wetland microtopography, an additional two inches of hydrologic capacity was added to
the calculations. Based on these changes, the budget shows a small increase in jurisdictional wetland
hydrology in the spring for dry, average and wet years, when compared to the existing conditions. All
three scenarios (dry, wet and average rainfall years) forecast that wetland hydrology will be met for the
proposed wetland condition.
6.3 Soil Characterization
A soils investigation at the proposed wetland restoration site was conducted by a licensed soil scientist to
determine the extent and distribution of the hydric soils and to classify the predominate soils to the soil
series level. The investigation consisted of delineating the hydric soil boundaries with pink flagging in
accordance with the US Army Corps of Engineers, Wetland Delineation Manual (1987). Areas that were
identified as possible hydric soil mapping units were surveyed at a higher intensity until the edge of the
mapping unit was identified. The boundary of the hydric and non-hydric soil mapping units were then
followed by continual sampling and observations as the boundary line was identified and delineated.
Several soil borings were emplaced on the site in the general hydric soil areas identified by landscape
position, vegetation and slope. Once the hydric soil borings were identified, the soil scientist marked the
points and established a visual line to the next auger boring where again hydric soil conditions were
confirmed by additional borings. The soil scientist moved along the edges of the mapping unit and
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• marked each point along the line. The soil profile descriptions identified the individual horizons in the
topsoil and upper subsoil as well as the depth, color, texture, structure, boundary, and evidence of
restrictive horizons and redoximorphic features. Delineated hydric soils boundaries were similar to those
mapped in the Soil Survey of Harnett County, North Carolina, however, in several areas the hydric soil
boundaries extended into areas that were mapped as being either Altavista fine sandy loam, Augusta fine
sandy loam or Gilead loamy sand, all non-hydric soil types. The delineated hydric soil boundaries are
shown in Figure 7.
6.3.1 Taxonomic Classification
The following soil types were found along the existing wetlands: Altavista fine sandy loam (Ata) and
Bibb loam (Bb) with Gilead loamy sand (GaB) and Wehadkee loam (Wh) being the most dominant.
6.3.2 Profile Description
The Wehadkee series is described as very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils typically
found along floodplains. The soil is formed by loamy sediments with slopes ranging from 0 to 2 percent.
The Gilead series is described as very deep, moderately well drained, firm, clayey soils in the Upper
Coastal Plain. These soils are typically found on uplands with slopes ranging from 0 to 25 percent. The
Wehadkee and Gilead series are listed by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) as hydric
soils.
6.4 Wetland Plant Community Characterization
The wetland restoration site is currently under seasonal agricultural production. There are some
indications of wetland vegetation in the farmed area in the form of various wetland sedges and rushes,
especially surrounding the man-made drainage features. The bottoms of the ditches do contain a few
species typically found in wetlands such as cattail (Typha latifolia), water primrose (Ludwigia spp.) and
knotweed (Polygonum spp.), but in general, there are no woody species within the wetland restoration
areas.
7.0 REFERENCE WETLAND
A suitable reference wetland was found along Tributary 4 on the site. A species list has been prepared
based on the reference site condition. The site is consistent with a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp
community type. A groundwater monitoring well has also been installed to document the reference
wetland hydrology during the course of monitoring.
8.0 PROJECT SITE RESTORATION PLAN
8.1 Restoration Project Goals and Objectives
The NPAC and its tributaries have experienced degradation as a result of poor grazing management and
channelization. These impacts have left the streams with large amounts of excess sediment, unstable
banks, and incised streambeds.
The project goals are to:
• Protect aquatic resources from excess nutrients, sediment, and other pollutants coming from the
agricultural watershed.
• Reestablish a functional Coastal Plain Small Swamp Stream wetland complex that creates
terrestrial and aquatic habitat and connects to the existing floodplain corridor along the NPAC.
In order to meet these goals, the following objectives must be accomplished:
• • Restore 11,517 linear feet of stable stream channel with the appropriate pattern, profile, and
dimension that can support a sand transport system.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Daia Stream & Wetland Restoration
• Connect the streams to functioning floodplains. •
• Fill and plug ditches in the drained hydric soils to restore saturated hydrologic conditions to the
upper soil horizons.
• Plant the NPAC, its tributaries, riparian corridors, floodplains and upland habitats with
herbaceous cover as well as trees and shrubs to create and restore appropriate habitats within the
landscape.
• Eliminate existing nutrient source associated with land application of animal waste in proximity
to project streams.
The ecological diversity and water quality values of the site are significantly limited under the existing
conditions. This project aims to restore terrestrial and aquatic diversity and improve water quality
through stream and wetland restoration. These goals will be accomplished through the reestablishment of
fluvial geomorphic features, wetland hydrology, and reforestation. These activities will reduce both point
source and nonpoint source nutrient and sediment inputs into the system and improve aquatic and
terrestrial habitat. The restored stream and wetland will provide a buffer between the existing functioning
wetlands along the NPAC and the agricultural activities in the local watershed.
8.1.1 Designed Channel Classification
The NPAC and its tributaries are divided into reaches based on the drainages entering the streams and the
restoration or enhancement approach needed to design the proposed channels (Table 3 and Table 4). The
morphological design criteria for each of the reaches are found in Table 5. The proposed reaches are
identified in Figure 14.
The design for the NPAC proposes constructing approximately 6,693 linear feet of C5 channel. The
restoration design for the upstream portion of the NPAC is based on a Priority I approach as described in
Rosgen (1997). This Priority 1 reach will create a C5 channel and associated floodplain by re-
establishing the channel on the existing floodplain and relocating the existing stream to its historic
floodplain derived from existing and historic topography and field indicators (Figure 15). The new
channel will be designed to an appropriate dimension, pattern and profile using data obtained from a
stable reference stream system, while the existing channel will be abandoned and filled. At station 10+00
the channel begins online at the culvert on Powell Farm road. At Station 21+00 the channel meanders into
the adjacent forest in the location of the historic channel. Due to the presence of existing wetlands and
forested areas, disturbance in this area will be minimized to the extent practical. The new channel will
again cross the existing channel at Station 45+00 where it remains offline through Station 73+41 where it
crosses the existing NPAC. The new channel will come back online at the end of the restoration project
reach at Station 77+00. Further downstream, the NPAC is a stable DA stream/wetland complex. No
restoration actions are proposed for this braided channel section of the NPAC. The entire area will be
encompassed within the conservation easement and be credited as wetland preservation.
The design for T1.1 and T1.2 proposes constructing approximately 827 linear feet and 986 linear feet of
C5/135c channel, respectively. The restoration design for T1.1 and T1.2 is based on a Priority 1 approach.
The new planform for T1.1 and T1.2 will include more sinuosity than currently exists in these tributaries.
T1.1 begins at Station 80+00 and meanders away from and then back along the existing channel, avoiding
unstable areas when possible until Station 84+20. The new channel will meander to the north of the
existing channel at Station 84+20 and remain there until the confluence with T1.
T2 has been divided into two different reaches each in order to develop the appropriate design as the slope
decreases downstream. The design for T2 proposes constructing approximately 1,009 linear feet of
C5/135c for T2A and an E5 channel for T213 and is based on a Priority 1 approach. T2A begins at Station is
110+00 approximately 70 feet to the north of the existing channel. The existing large seep will be the
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
hydrology source for the new channel. The new channel crosses the existing channel at Station 115+25
where it meanders to the south until the confluence with the NPAC at Station 120+09.
The design for T3 proposes constructing approximately 1,151 linear feet of C5 channel. The restoration
design for T3 is based on a Priority 1 approach. T3 begins at Station 130+00 where it meanders through
the floodplain south of the existing channel. T3 crosses over a drainage feature at Station 133+35. The
new channel remains to the north of the existing channel and crosses a second drainage ditch at Station
135+62. Both drainage features will both be filled and graded during construction. T3 crosses the
existing channel at Station 138+73 and meanders to south side of the channel to join the confluence with
the NPAC at Station 141+50
Approximately 1,420 linear feet of T4 will be enhanced upstream of the road crossing at T4. Under
Enhancement II, the stream banks and buffer areas will be modified where necessary and planted with
vegetation to stabilize any erosion. Debris resulting from a recent logging operation will also be removed
from the channel. Invasive species control will occur along T4 to remove invasive vines and multiflora
rose.
In-stream structures, including log sills, log drops, riffle grade controls, and offset rock cross vanes, will
be used to stabilize the restored channels (Refer to Plan Sheets 2 and 2A). These structures are designed
to reduce bank erosion, influence secondary circulation in the near-bank region of stream bends, provide
grade control and promote efficient sediment transport. The log sill and log drop structures will
produce/enhance in-stream habitat for pools by creating a scouring obstruction, maintaining pool depths
and providing habitat cover. Coir fiber matting, seeding, and mulching will be used to provide temporary
stabilization on the newly graded stream banks and live stakes will be planted to provide long term
• rooting strength to the stream banks.
8.1.2 Target Plant Communities
The project will restore a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp (Brownwater subtype) along the floodplains
of the NPAC as described by Schafale and Weakley (1990). This community will fit into the natural
topography and setting created by the newly restored channel. The Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp is
characterized by a variable canopy, which can be dominated by combinations of bald cypress (Taxodium
distichum), water tupelo, and various bottomland hardwoods such as swamp chestnut oak (Quercus
michauxii), Shumard oak (Q. shumardii), cherrybark oak (Q. pagoda (falcata var. pagodaefolia)), laurel
oak (Q. laurifolia), black oak (Q. nigra), willow oak (Q. phellos), sweetgum, sugarberry, sycamore, river
birch (Betula nigra), green ash, black willow (Salix nigra), and swamp cottonwood (Populus
heterophylla). Understory species include American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), Carolina ash
(Fraxinus caroliniana), American holly (Ilex opaca), and red maple (Acer rubrum).
The buffer areas outside of the stream floodplains will be planted as a variant of the Mesic Mixed
Hardwood Forest (also described in Section 5.7). This community typically exists along lower slopes,
north-facing slopes, ravines, and occasionally on well-drained small stream bottoms (Schafale and
Weakley, 1990).
In addition to the community types listed above, two areas on the property have been identified as being
suitable for restoring Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and early-succession songbird habitat in an
agriculture-dominated landscape within the inner Coastal Plain. Early succession habitat---characterized
by grasslands or herbaceous ground cover-is critically scarce in the Southeast due to the suppression of
fire, agricultural conversion, and rural development (Gill et al., 2006). As a consequence, wildlife and
• bird species found only in early-succession plant communities have dramatically declined over the past
four decades (Riddle, 2007; Gill et al., 2006). Analyses of breeding bird survey data gathered since 1965
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
show declines in most species associated with early-succession habitat (Smith, 2007). These areas will be
replanted with a variety of native warm-season grasses using no-till drill methods.
In addition to restoring this important plant community, the inclusion of linear and nonlinear field borders
will also be an important component in order to reverse the decline in early-succession species. The term
`field border' refers to areas of maintained herbaceous vegetation (grass and/or forbs, sometimes with a
shrub component) along field margins, established specifically for wildlife, but also providing other
environmental benefits (Smith et al., 2005). When field borders are managed for northern bobwhite and
other early-succession bird species, they usually are disturbed with periodic selective herbicide
application for woody vegetation control and/or with rotational mowing, rotational grazing, or prescribed
fires every three years to keep them in a perpetual state of early-succession. A variety of field border
practices for bobwhite and other early-succession birds currently are promoted and subsidized by federal
and state programs, including the Conservation Reserve Program's (CRP) Upland Bird Habitat Buffer
(CP-33; USDA 2004) and the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission's (NCWRC) Cooperative
Upland Habitat Restoration and Enhancement (CURE) Program (Cobb et al., 2002). Field borders have
the potential to provide nesting habitat, movement corridors, and cover for bobwhite (Burger et al., 1995;
Puckett et al., 1995; Puckett et al., 2000) by providing usable space (Guthery, 1997).
The establishment of field borders is a proven restoration technique as it has nearly doubled the number
of bobwhite coveys on farms in eastern North Carolina (Palmer et al., 2005). The subsidization of field
border practices, combined with their apparent high potential for increasing bobwhite populations, makes
them a cost-effective conservation solution for private landowners. However, the CP-33 and CURE
programs do not encourage or cost-share the establishment of field borders that average widths of less
than 9.1 or 6.1 m, respectively (Riddle, 2007). As a result, in places where primary farm production
functions will not be compromised, KCI proposes planting nonlinear field borders, which reduces •
negative edge effects by decreasing edge-to-area ratios (Johnson and Temple 1990), of up to 10 in, and
narrow (-3 m) borders in other areas where they are the only option.
Two areas on the property that are best described as Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundments
(Schafale and Weakley, 1990). These areas will be planted with wetland trees and shrubs such as
buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), water tupelo, Atlantic white cedar, and bald cypress. The
modified waterfowl impoundments and the periodically flooded area surrounding Tributary 1 will be
planted with these species.
8.2 Sediment Transport Analysis
The NPAC and its tributaries comprise a sand-dominated system. Sand channels have a unique transport
process where particles are suspended in the water column during turbulent flows. During fully turbulent
flow, all of the sand can move, but this is rarely the case. In partial transport scenarios, there is a complex
relationship between the sand being suspended and the sand slowly depositing back on the bed.
Sand bed streams contain smaller grain size particles, therefore the beds are highly mobile and can mould
into different bedform shapes due to flow pattern conditions. During low flow conditions, sand streams
have thick plane beds. Bed variations (pools) only result from scenarios (i.e., objects in the stream) that
would induce local scour. At smooth flows, ripples form with small ridges in the bed and sharp crests. At
rough flows, dunes form large rounded crests. Both ripples and dunes can migrate downstream by eroding
their faces and re-depositing downstream. In the proposed restoration, this process provides the
mechanism by which sediment transport will occur and provide bed heterogeneity. (Gordon, et al., 2004)
The NPAC has been extensively channelized resulting in an alteration of the channel bed. The NPAC •
channel bed has deeply incised and currently resides in a gravel layer. During the field assessment, the
banks were observed for sediment transitional changes from sand to gravel. At a depth of 4.2 feet below
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• the existing top of bank, the stream bank begins to change from sand to gravel. No pebble counts were
performed on the NPAC because the data would be extraneous to the restoration design, due to the current
residence of the stream bed in gravel. A visual inspection of the tributaries was performed and it was
concluded that all the channel beds were dominated by coarse sand. The stream restoration will raise the
current incised bed elevation to the existing floodplain elevation, which is within the sand layer.
Sand channels must have adequate capacity to allow dunes to form and move. This design capacity is
related to the available sediment supply. Observations of the existing condition, upstream of the NPAC,
provide evidence of an adequate sand sediment supply to support the proposed restoration design. The
adjoining upstream property is owned by the county and is under low pressure for any development that
would impact the sediment regime. While much of the existing sediment produced by the site will
become residual as a benefit of the restored wetlands, the low gradient of the proposed NPAC will allow
for the continual transport and transition of sand-bed features through the restored reach stabilizing with
time as the site becomes an integrated wetland and stream complex that is visible in others areas
throughout the watershed.
The design channel for the NPAC will be a C5 type with sand banks while all tributaries will be C5/135c
with the exception of T213 (E5 channel). As has been previously discussed in Section 8.1.1, several rigid
structures and wood have been designed to serve as grade control and compliment the sand-channel
design by inducing scour to maintain deeper features as prescribed in certain locations throughout the
NPAC. At bankfull stage, the designed channel has adequate transport competence to mobilize the entire
bed. At intermediate high flows, the channel shape and dimension will create a transport capable of
progressing features slowly through the reach, as discussed previously.
• 8.3 Wetland Hydrologic Modifications
Hydrologic modifications will focus on enhancing hydrology to the proposed wetland enhancement and
restoration areas by improving the hydroperiod of the wetlands. Currently, ditches in the areas drain the
surface water directly into the NPAC. The ditches prevent surface water from remaining on-site and
recharging groundwater. These ditches will be filled and stabilized to allow longer retention times and
reduce/eliminate shallow groundwater loss from the area. The proposed wetland restoration areas will
exist on the floodplains of the NPAC.
In addition to blocking the major non jurisdictional outlets from the site, KCI will also re-create wetland
microtopography to reestablish a Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp community. The site will be graded
to form small depressions and rises throughout the site that will resemble the minor variations in elevation
found in a natural wetland system. Seeps at the toe of slopes surrounding the floodplain will be re-
developed to alleviate compaction and will be incorporated into the overall design to maximize available
ecological niches.
8.3.1 Narrative of Modifications
The following modifications are planned within the designated wetland enhancement and preservation
areas below. The wetlands are specifically identified in Figure 14.
Wetland Area 1 - 45.93 acres of preservation
Wetland 1 will preserve approximately 46 acres of palustrine forested, scrub shrub and emergent wetlands
that are diverse and well vegetated along the floodplain of the NPAC. The preservation area is dominated
by various wetland sedges, rushes and persistent emergent vegetation, but also contains large scrub-shrub
alder thickets that are permanently inundated.
•
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
Wetland Area 2 - 6.88 acres of enhancement
Starting from the west and working east, the first enhancement area is located in the general vicinity of
Tributary 1. This area, which includes jurisdictional wetlands W3 and W4, receives significant runoff
contributions from the nearby pasture as well as the cattle feed lots and adjacent farm buildings. This
area will be enhanced through planting of bare root material as per the project planting plan. Invasive
species such as Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum) will be treated with a glyphosate herbicide,
approved for use in aquatic environments.
Wetland Area 3 - 2.57 acres of enhancement
The second wetland enhancement area is located in the central portion of the site and includes
jurisdictional wetland W9. The area includes a shallow man-made pond and adjacent overbank areas of
the NPAC. This area is located adjacent to an area of the NPAC where existing overbank flows have
regular access to the floodplain, providing the hydrology to wetland W9. This area will be planted with
wetland trees and shrubs and graded to eliminate the man-made berms that serve to impound excess
surface water.
Wetland Area 4 -12.67 acres of enhancement
The third enhancement area is located in an area that was heavily manipulated by the landowner to create
a series of shallow impoundments intended to attract migratory waterfowl. The impoundments contain
water control structures that, prior to the purchase of the easement, allowed the landowner to manipulate
water levels within the impoundments. This enhancement area is made up of jurisdictional wetlands W11,
Pl, P2, and W2. Wetland W2 is not an impoundment, but is a transitional area between the impounded
features and the wetland preservation area. This area will be planted with bare root seedlings and treated
to control invasive species.
•
Wetland Area S - 43.8 acres of restoration is
Wetland Area 5 includes all the wetland areas within the floodplain of the NPAC and it's tributaries that
have been hydrologically altered to allow for agricultural production. Four main construction techniques
will be utilized to restore these wetland areas. They include:
1. Raising the elevation of the NPAC and its tributaries to re-establish an active floodplain.
2. Fill in existing ditches and remove existing tile drains to discourage rapid groundwater
discharge to surface water receptors.
3. Scarify top 05-1.0' of organic surface soil to re-establish soil structure and allow for
increased surface storage (microtopography). This material will not be removed from the
site, simply re-worked to maximize the ability of the surface soils to retain surface and
groundwater hydrology.
4. Plant species of wetland plants and shrubs typically adapted to live in areas of saturated or
periodically inundated soil.
8.4 Natural Plant Community Restoration
8.4.1 Stream Riparian Planting
On the restored stream banks, live stakes will be used in conjunction with the native herbaceous seed mix
to provide natural stabilization. Appropriate species identified for live staking include:
Zone A (Stream Bank Stabilization-Live Stakes)
Common Name Scientific Name Indicator Status (Region 2)
Silky dogwood Cornus amomum FACW+
Silky willow Salix sericea OBL .
Black willow Salix nigra OBL
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• Riverine plantings shall consist of native woody species planted at 436 stems per acre (10 feet by 10 feet
spacing) to achieve a mature survivability of 320 stems per acre. Plant placement and groupings will be
randomized during installation in order to develop a more naturalized appearance. Woody vegetation
planting will be conducted during dormancy. Species to be planted in the lower floodplain area (50 feet
from the top of bank) will consist of the following:
Zone B (Lower Riverine Planting Zone - Bare Root)
Common Name Scientific Name Indicator Status (Region 2)
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica FACW
River Birch Betula nigra FACW
Silky Dogwood Cornus amomum FACW+
Swamp Tupelo Nyssa biflora OBL
Laurel Oak Quercus laurifolia FACW-
Sugarberry Celtis laevigata FACW
Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis OBL
8.4.2 Wetland Planting
Plantings shall consist of n ative species commonly found in Coastal Plain Small Stream Swamp
communities, Coastal Plain Bottomland Hardwood communities and Coastal Plain Semipermanent
Impoundments. Trees and shrubs will be planted at a density of 436 trees per acre (10 feet by 10 feet
spacing) to achieve a mature survivability of at least 320 trees per acre. Plant placement and groupings
will be randomized during i nstallation in order to develop a more naturalized appearance. Woody
• vegetation planting will be conducted during dormancy. Tree species to be planted within the wetland
site will consist of the following species:

Zone C (Upper Riverine Planting Zone - Bare Root)
Common Name Scientific Name Indicator Status (Region 2)
Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica FACW
Pin Oak Quercus palustris FACW
Laurel oak Quercus laurifolia FACW
Swamp chestnut oak Quercus michauxii FACW-
Cherrybark oak Quercus pagoda FAC+
Willow oak Quercus phellos FACW-
Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana FACW+
Zone D (Seasonally Inundated Palustrine Forested Wetland)
Common Name Scientific Name Indicator Status (Region 2)
Black Willow (Cuttings) Salix nigra OBL
Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides OBL
Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum OBL
Water Tupelo Nyssa aquatica OBL
Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis OBL
Overcup Oak Quercus lyrata OBL
Zone E (Permanently Inundated Palustrine Forested Wetland)
Common Name Scientific Name Indicator Status (Region 2)
• Bald Cypress
Atlantic White Cedar Taxodium distichum
Chamaecyparis thyoides OBL
OBL
Black Willow (Cuttings) Salix nigra OBL
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
8.4.3 Upland Early Successional Habitat Restoration •
No-till drill methods will be used to plant a variety of USDA-recommended native warm season grasses.
The seed mix represents a particular vegetation growth stature; quantities may be constrained by
availability, but will consist of the following species:
Common Name
Big Bluestein
Bushy Bluestein
Eastern Gamagrass
Indiangrass
Little Bluestein
Little Bluestein
Prairie Wildrye
Virginia Wildrye
Sideoats Grama
Switchgrass
Purpletop
Scientific Name
Andropogon gerardii
Andropogon glomeratus
Tripsacum dactyloides
Sorghastrum nutans
Schizachyrium scoparium
Schizachyrium scoparium
Elymus canadensis
Elymus virginicus
Bouteloua curtipendula
Panicum virgatum
Tridens flavus
Seeding rates will range from 2 lbs pure live seed (PLS) per acre to 5 lbs PLS per acre, except for
Switchgrass which should be planted no greater than 1.25 lbs PLS per acre, due to its ability to out
compete other warm-season native grasses.
8.4.4 Early Successional Habitat Management •
In order to establish and maintain an early successional upland habitat, integrative management protocols
will be necessary (Appendix K). This will include mowing during establishment, rotational mowing or
prescribed fire on a 3-year cycle, and the application of herbicides for invasive species control as needed.
Rotational mowing is used to maintain native grassland communities in various stages of growth and
vegetative diversity to promote the use of this habitat for wildlife. According to the NRCS (Smith, 2007),
this management option is conducted by dividing an area into 15 to 25-foot wide strips that are separated
from one another by another 50 to 85 feet. Wider strips may be used to provide larger habitat blocks. A
single strip is mown to a height of 4 to 8 inches either once or twice a year, depending on the presence of
wildlife in that area. The mowing cycle would be once in early spring (mid-March to mid-April) before
nesting birds commence activities, and then again in the late summer after nesting activities are
completed. The following year, the second strip would be mowed during the same months. The third
strip would be mowed in year three, and so forth. Larger areas evenly divided into six or more strips can
be rotationally mown in pairs so that strip one is worked with strip 4, strip 2 with strip 5, strip 3 with strip
6, and so forth. If it is possible to use prescribed fire to manage the site, it is recommended that burns be
conducted on a rotational basis during the dormant season. Dividing the proposed burn area into strips or
plots will leave undisturbed escape and nesting cover for wildlife adjacent to burned plots. Disked
firebreaks would be incorporated into the proposed burn plots.
To create and manage a field border, approximately 50 feet of untilled field along any edge adjacent to
woody growth should be cut (Smith, 2007). Every three years, this border should be mowed and disked
lightly to maintain an early-succession state. A plan sheet showing the location proposed location and
dimensions of the Early Successional Habitat Management area is included in Appendix K.
8.4.5 On-Site Invasive Species Management •
Invasive species management within wetlands will occur during construction in conjunction with several
areas on the property that contain a predominance of invasive species. These include the floodplain of
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• T1, the floodplain of T4 and scattered areas along the NPAC. Work will be conducted using a glyphosate
herbicide formulated for use in aquatic environments. Mechanical removal during construction will also
be used on woody material such as privet and multiflora rose.
9.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Both the stream and wetland restoration sites will be monitored to evaluate project success. For the
stream, monitoring shall consist of the collection and analysis of stream stability and riparian/stream bank
vegetation survivability data to support the evaluation of the project in meeting established restoration
objectives. Specifically, stream success will be assessed utilizing measurements of stream dimension,
pattern, and profile, site photographs, and vegetation sampling. The wetland site will be deemed
successful once hydrology is established and vegetation success criteria are met.
9.1 Stream Stability
The purpose of monitoring is to evaluate the stability of the restored stream. Following the procedures
established in the USDA Forest Service Manual, Stream Channel Reference Sites (Harrelson et al., 1994)
and the methodologies utilized in the Rosgen stream assessment and classification system (1994 and
1996), data collected will consist of detailed dimension and pattern measurements, longitudinal profiles,
and bed materials sampling. Due to the project stream's sand bed channel, which is designed to undergo
variation as sand moves through the channel in the form of ripples and dunes, typical riffles and pools
will not be measured.
Dimension
Permanent cross-sections will be established 36 locations along the project reaches. The following cross-
sections will be used to evaluate stream dimension:
.
¦ 14 cross-sections on NPAC
¦ 4 cross-sections each on T1.1, T1.2 and T1
¦ 5 cross-sections each on T2 and T3
Permanent monuments will be established by conventional survey. The cross-section surveys shall
provide a detailed measurement of the stream and banks and will include points on the adjacent floodplain
or valley, at the top of bank, bankfull, at all breaks in slope, the edge of water, and thalweg. Width/depth
and entrenchment ratios will be calculated for each cross-section based on the survey data.
Profile - Longitudinal profiles will be conducted on approximately 5,500 linear feet of the project reaches
as described below:
¦ 3,000 linear feet along NPAC
¦ 500 linear feet each along T1.1, T1.2, T1, T2, and T3 (2,500 linear feet total)
Cross-section measurements should also show little or no change from the as-built cross-sections. Annual
slope measurements should indicate that bedform features are stable with little change from the as-built
survey. The pools should maintain their depth with lower water surface slopes, while the riffles should
remain shallower and steeper than the average values for the stream.
Sediment transport should remain relatively unchanged with respect to aggradation and deposition of
sediments. Due to the nature of a sand channel, it is expected that the bed will vary due to the movement
of dunes and anti-dunes along the profile. This will create variation in the yearly monitoring of the cross-
sections and longitudinal profiles. If changes to occur, they will be evaluated to determine whether they
• are minor adjustments associated with the movement of the sand bed and increasing stability or whether
they indicate movement toward an unstable condition.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
Pattern
Measurements associated with the restored channel pattern shall be taken on the section of the stream
included in the longitudinal profiles. These data will include belt width, meander length, and radius of
curvature. Subsequently, sinuosity, meander width ratios, radius of curvature, and meander
length/bankfull width ratios will be calculated.
Bed Materials
Pebble counts will be conducted at each representative cross-section for the purpose of repeated
classification and to evaluate sediment transport.
Verification of Bankfull Events
During the monitoring period, a minimum of two bankfull events must be recorded within the five-year
monitoring period. These two bankfull events must occur in separate monitoring years. A bankfull event
will be verified using methods such as a crest gauge, a pressure transducer logger, or an on-site
photograph during the actual event.
Photograph Reference Points
Thirty photograph reference points (PRP) will be established to assist in characterizing the site and to
allow qualitative evaluation of the site conditions. The location and bearing/orientation of each photo
point will be documented to allow for repeated use.
Cross-section Photograph Reference Points
Each cross-section will be photographed to show the form of the channel with the tape measure stretched
over the channel for reference in each photograph. An effort will be made to consistently show the same
area in each photograph.
Longitudinal Photograph Reference Points •
Additional PRPs will be located, as needed, to document the condition of specific in-stream structures
such as log sills, log drops, riffle grade controls, and offset rock cross vanes.
9.2 Stream Riparian Vegetation
The success of the riparian buffer plantings will be evaluated using fifteen ten by ten meter vegetative
sampling plots and will use the CVS stream vegetation monitoring protocol set out by the EEP. The
corners of each monitoring plot will be permanently marked in the field. The coordinates of the plot
corners as well as the individual trees will be recorded using conventional survey. The monitoring will
consist of the following data inventory: composition and number of surviving species, total number of
stems per acre, diameter at decimeter height (DDH), diameter at breast height (DBH) for trees greater
than 5 feet in height, and vigor. Additionally, a photograph will be taken of each plot that will be
replicated each monitoring year. Riparian vegetation must meet a minimum survival success rate of 320
stems/acre after five years. If monitoring indicates that the specified survival rate is not being met,
appropriate corrective actions will take place, which may include invasive species control, the removal of
dead/dying plants and replanting.
9.3 Wetland Hydrology
Groundwater elevations will be monitored to evaluate the attainment of jurisdictional wetland hydrology.
The reference wetland will also be monitored using the same procedures for comparative analysis.
Verification of wetland hydrology will be determined by automatic recording well data collected within
the project area and reference wetland. Five automatic recording gauges will be established within the •
restoration areas. Daily data will be collected from the automatic gauges over the 5-year monitoring
period following wetland construction.
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• Wetland hydrology will be considered established if well data from the site indicates that the water table
is within 12 inches of the soil surface for a continuous 5% of the growing season (NRCS published or
locally calculated) during normal weather conditions. A "normal" year is based on NRCS climatological
data for Harnett County, and using the 30th to 70`h percentile thresholds as the range of normal, as
documented in the USACE Technical Report "Accessing and Using Meterological Data to Evaluate
Wetland Hydrology, April 2000." According to the Harnett County Soil Survey, the growing season is
considered to extend from March 16 to November It, yielding 240 days. Therefore, success will be
achieved if the water table is within 12 inches of the soil surface for at least 12 consecutive days during
the growing season.
9.4 Wetland Vegetation
The success criteria for the planted species in the wetland restoration area will be based on survival and
growth. Beginning at the end of the first growing season, KCI will monitor vegetation for five years
following the planting.
Thirty permanent monitoring plots (10 by 10 meters) will be established in the wetland restoration area at
a density that will ensure adequate coverage of the total restoration acreage. Plots will be systematically
located to ensure even placement. Data will be collected at each plot for composition and number of
surviving species, differentiation between planted individuals and volunteers, and total number of stems
per acre.
Survival of planted species must be 320 stems/acre at the end of five years of monitoring. Non-target
species must not constitute more than 20% of the woody vegetation based on permanent monitoring plots.
• 9.5 Schedule/Reporting
The first scheduled monitoring will be conducted during the first full growing season following project
completion. Monitoring shall subsequently be conducted annually for a total period of five years or until
the project meets its success criteria. Vegetation monitoring will be conducted as near to the end of the
growing season as possible.
Annual monitoring reports will be prepared and submitted after all monitoring tasks for each year are
completed. The report will document the monitored components of the restoration plan and include all
collected data, analyses, and photographs. Each report will provide the new monitoring data and compare
the most recent results against previous findings. The monitoring report format will be similar to that set
out in the most recent EEP monitoring protocol.
Variations from the designed project reaches can be anticipated due to unknown site conditions, inputs
from outside the restoration site, regional climatic variations, or acts of God, etc. Regular management
activities will be implemented as necessary to ensure that the goals and objectives of the project are met.
These activities will be conducted throughout the year and may include invasive species control or other
management activities. If the monitoring identifies failures in the project site, a remedial action plan will
be developed to investigate the causes of the failure and propose actions to rectify the problem.
•
24
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
10.0 REFERENCES •
Burger, L. W., Jr., M. R. Ryan, T. V. Dailey, and E. W. Kurzejeski. 1995. Reproductive strategies,
success, and mating systems of northern bobwhite in Missouri. Journal of Wildlife Management
59:417-426.
Cobb, D. T., T. L. Sharpe, D. Sawyer, and D. O. Baumbarger. 2002. Integrating early-successional
wildlife and habitats into North Carolina's 21st century landscape. Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 56:124-135.
Dunne, T. and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. New York: W.H. Freeman and
Company.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical Report
Y-87-1. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
Gill, D.E. et al. 2006. Plants and bird breeding response on a managed conservation reserve program
grassland in Maryland. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4): 944-956.
Gordon, Nancy D et al. 2004. Stream Hydrology. An Introduction for Ecologists. Second Edition.
Guthery, F. S. 1997. A philosophy of habitat management for northern bobwhites. Journal of Wildlife
Management 61:291-301.
Harrelson, C.C., C.L. Rawlins, and J.P. Potyondy. 1994. Stream channel reference sites: an illustrated •
guide to field technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: US Forest Service, Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 61 p.
Johnson, R. G, and S. A. Temple. 1990. Nest predation and brood parasitism of tallgrass prairie birds.
Journal of Wildlife Management 54:106-111.
McKerrow, A. 2003. North Carolina GAP Land Cover. Raleigh, North Carolina: North
Carolina Gap Analysis Project Office.
North Carolina State University. The Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Computer
Model. Dr. Wayne Skaggs.
NCDENR. Basinwide Planning Program: Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan. http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/draftCPFApri12005.litm
NCDENR, Division of Water Quality. 2006. Surface Water Classification.
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/csu/index.htmi
NCGS. 1985. Geologic Map of North Carolina
Palmer, W. E., S. D. Wellendorf, J. R. Gillis, and P. T. Bromley. 2005. Effect of field borders and nest-
predator reduction on abundance of northern bobwhites. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:1398-1405.
Puckett, K. M., W. E. Palmer, P. T. Bromley, J. R. Anderson, Jr., and T. L. Sharpe. 1995. Bobwhite •
nesting ecology and modern agriculture: a management experiment. Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 49:505-515.
25
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• Skaggs, R.W., G.M. Chescheir and B.D. Phillips. 2005. Method to determine lateral effects of a drainage
ditch on wetland hydrology. Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 48(2):577-584.
Puckett, K. M., W. E. Palmer, P. T. Bromley, J. R. Anderson, Jr., and T. L. Sharpe. 2000. Effects of filter
strips on habitat use and home range of northern bobwhites on Alligator River National Wildlife
Refuge. Proceedings of the National Bobwhite Quail Symposium 4:26-31.
Riddle, J.D. 2007. Maximizing the impact of field borders for quail and early-succession
songbirds: What's the best design for implementation? Doctoral dissertation, Forestry and
Environmental Resources. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University.
http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09042007-184724/
Rosgen, D.L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22: 169-199.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books.
Rosgen, D.L. 1997. A geomorphological approach to restoration of incised rivers. In: Wang, S.S.Y.,
E.J. Langendoen, and F.D. Shields, Jr. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Conference on Management of
Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incision. pp. 12-22.
Rosgen, D.L. 1998. The Reference Reach - a Blueprint for Natural Channel Design. Presented at ASCE
Conference, Denver, CO - June 1998.
• Schafale, M.P. and A.S. Weakley. 1990. Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina,
P Approximation. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, NCDEHNR, Division of Parks
and Recreation. Raleigh, NC. 109 p.
Simon, et al. Revised July 16, 2003. Suspended-sediment transport rates at the 1.5-year recurrence
interval for ecoregions of the United States: transport conditions at the bankfull and effective
discharge? USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory.
Smith, E.T. 2007. Early Successional Habitat. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Leaflet No. 41.
Washington, DC: Wildlife Habitat Council, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
http://directives.nres.usda.gov/media/pdf/tn-b-67_a.pdf
Smith, M. D., P. J. Barbour, L. W. Burger, Jr., and S. T. Dinsmore. 2005. Density and diversity of
overwintering birds in managed field borders in Mississippi. Wilson Bulletin 117:258-269.
USDA, Soil Conservation Service. 1984. Raleigh, NC: Soil Survey of Harnett County.
USDA. 1986. Urban hydrology for small watersheds. Technical Release 55. Washington, DC: Soil
Conservation Service.
USDA. 2004. Farm Service Agency Notice CRP-479. Washington, DC: Farm Service Agency.
USDA., NRCS. Historical Aerial Photographs. 1938, 1949, 1955, 1981, 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2004.
• USAGE, 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual.
26
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•

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Table 3: Pro'ect Drainage Areas
Reach . Drainage Area
(Square Wes '
NPAC 3.92
T1.1-T1.2 0.18
T1 0.18
T2A-B 0.04
T3 0.39
T4 0.38
Table 4! Praiect. Restoration Structure and Obiectives

R : , '
Yat On #ta?ge Restorataon
Type
_ llo
fA?pitt??? Designed
Linear
Footage
NPAC 10+00-77+24 Restoration P1 6,693
T1.1 80+00-88+27 Restoration P1 827
T1.2 90+00-99+86 Restoration P1 986
T1 100+00-108+81 Restoration P3 *851
T2A 110+00-115+00 Restoration Pi 500
T213 115+00-120+09 Restoration P1 509
T3 130+00-141+51 Restoration P1 1,151
T4 150+00-164+20 Enhancement E II 418
*T1 designed linear footage excludes a 30' crossing, therefore Station range excludes 30 feet.
28
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
it Figures
0

•
Figure 1. Vicinity Map
•
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Project Site Location
Major Roads
-- Other Roads
K C I Major Rivers
Municipalities
TECHNOLOGIES 0 County Boundaries
Hamett County, North Carolina
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WAKE

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HOKE
`- _ Selected North Carolina Level IV Ecoregions
- Atlantic Southern Loam Plains
7
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Rolling Coastal Plain
ROBESON Sand Hills
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County Boundaries
Project Site Location " KCI
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C 1:633,600
K I 5
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GaD
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Figure 4. Project Site NRCS Soil Survey
Soils
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ASSOCIATES OF NC
1:12,000
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TECHNOLOGIES Source:SSURGODataset/romNRCSbasedon ENwRoNwNULTEeNNOLoGies
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2005 Onhoimaeery from Harnen County GISILand Records

•
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Figure 5. Project Watershed Land Use
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Project Easement Boundary K C I
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Project Site
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s
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Reference Reach Watershed (0.16 sq. mile)
14-digit HUC Boundaries KCI
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Figure 12. Reference Site Vicinity Map (Still Creek)
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
• Appendix A
Historic Aerial Photographs
0
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
•
Appendix B
Agency Correspondence
0
•
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission F -1
Richard B. Hamilton, Executive Director
MEMORANDUM
To: Elizabeth S. Solchik
KCI Technologies
Landmark Center 11, Suite 220
4601 Six Forks Road
Raleigh, NC 27609
Ai"
From: Steven H. Everhart, PhD
Southeastern Permit Coordinator
Habitat Conservation Program
127 Cardinal Drive Ext.
Wilmington, NC 28405
• Date: August 11, 2006
RE: Farrar Creek EEP Stream and Wetland Restoration Site in Harnett County
Biologists with the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) have reviewed the subject project for
impacts to wildlife and fishery resources. Our comments are provided in accordance with provisions of the Fish and
Wildlife Coordination Act (48 Stat. 401, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 661 et. seq.), and Sections 401 and 404 of the Clean
Water Act (as amended).
The project is located west of NC 210, east of Powell Farm Rd., on Anderson Creek in Harnett County. A letter and
vicinity map was submitted for review of fish and wildlife issues associated with the project.
The applicant proposes to restore approximately 1.5 mile of natural form stream on which several sections have
been converted to pasture. Anderson Creek is a tributary of the Cape Fear River. The mitigation is intended to
satisfy needs of the NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP).
There do not appear to be any threatened or endangered species that would be impacted by the project and we do not
foresee any fish and wildlife issues that might arise from the project. Thank you for the opportunity to review and
comment on this project. If you have any questions or require additional information regarding these comments,
please call me at [phone].
•
Mailing Address: Division of Inland Fisheries - 1721 Mail Service Center - Raleigh, NC 27699-1721
Telephone: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
?e0 AATf a
ae u
North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
State Historic Preservation Office
Peter 11. Sandheck, Administrator
Michael h. I .aslcv, Governor Office of Archives and I listory
l.ishcth C. !:vans, Secretary Division of 1 Iistorical Resources
David
Jeffrey.). Crow, D(1)uty Secretary Brook, Director
August 23, 2006
Elisabeth S. Solchik
KCI Technologies
Landmark Center II, Suite 220
4601 Six Forks Road
Raleigh, NC 27609
Re: EEP, Farrar Dairy Stream and Wetland Restoration, Intersection of Powell Farm and Lemuel Black
Roads, Harnett County, ER 06-2009
Dear Ms. Solchik:
Thank you for your letter of July 19, 2006, concerning the above project.
We have conducted a review of the proposed undertaking and are aware of no historic resources that would be •
affected by the project. Therefore, we have no comment on the undertaking as proposed.
The above comments are made pursuant to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation's Regulations for Compliance with Section 106 codified at 36 CFR
Part 500.
Thank you for your cooperation and consideration. If you have questions concerning the above comment,
contact Renee Gledhill-Earley, environmental review coordinator, at 919/733-4763. In all future
communication concerning this project, please cite the above referenced tracking number.
Sincerely,
Peter Sandbeck
Location Mailing Address Telephone/Fax
ADMINISTRATION 507 N. Blount Street, Raleigh NC 41117 Mail Service (:enter, Raleigh NC 276)9-4(17 ()19)733-4763/733 8653
RESTORATION 515 N. Blount Street, Raleigh NC 4617 Mail Service (inter, Raleigh NC 27199-4617 [phone]/715-484&11
f11
SURVEY & PLANNING 515 N. Blount Street, Raleigh, NC 4617 Mail Service (:enter, Raleigh NC 27699-4617 C)19)733-0545/715
• USDA
August 3, 2006
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Elisabeth S. Solchik
KCI Technologies
4601 Six Forks Road Suite 220
Raleigh, NC 27609
Dear Ms. Solchik;
Natural Resources
Conservation
Service
530 West Innes Street
Salisbury, NC 28144
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Here is the Farmland Conversion Impact Rating, form AD1006 for the Farrar Dairy stream/wetland
restoration project in Harnett Co, NC. If you need additional soils information, please contact either myself
or Parks Blake at the Harnett County NRCS office in Lillington, NC.
Please send me a copy of both AD1006 forms after section VII has been completed. We keep track of
the number of these we do and what the outcomes are.
Thanks, - J,
• Alan Walters
Resource Soil Scientist
0
PUG-4-2006 07:54 FROM:HARNETT COUNTY FSA F 910-893-2795 1U:1ruqtD,5 (tser( r:r,r
U.S. Department of Agrfeultum
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
PART I (To be can lefed by Fedenel AgwW) Wft Of land Evatuaaon ftequsst 7119d0fi -
Mw" Of Pro)scl Farrar Dairy Stream S Wetland ft$W etion Pnjed FedwW Apsnq krrotvaa U3DOT~A
Proposed Larne Uae Riparian Buller and Wetfando Cw * And 8'45 Hemett County, NC
PART N (7b be oompbted by NRCS) f Date RMW Ranived By NRC$ 91116("0
DOeEi the site contain pr(rne, unique. Slatewida OP IOCat hpOrtaM fsnnlard? No
Of no, the FPPA does ew sA* - dam camp/ets additrawi pens of this form). es r' ?
mew cm0s) Fam+abre Land Ina C1fOn

klj
?•' FlfdnB Qr taw EvaltaaMyn umw ` ift of Lowl sae Asasumat won _ Acm Avow* Farm
IS-7
AmOUrR Of in
FPPA , ,
?a
cola Law

RI?IrJ?I By t?C,$
PART i1 (To be compWW b
enc
)
Federal A
y
g
y tbte A 3tk B Sys C
_ A. Total Acr" To Be Cornarled Mvc?y
B. Thiel Apds To 86 Convened Ndir!E8E 176.2
C. Told Acres In SM 1782 0.0 D.0 0.0
PART IV (ro be oompbtad by NRCS) Land EVakmdm InfonY?2l M
A Total Aou Phtte And Ud ' - Fam*vid
91 Total ArOIM.`a Stgfewida And Lod Imporgnt Rans>fartd
K
C. PeroerAsge Of Fa mWW In Cm* Or Local OwA. unit To Be Converted _
0. Pmmlove Of Famrlsnd In OWL iu tadWm IMN1 Sarno Or How IiaMft Vane
PART V (robe completed by MRCS) Land EVakm4m CrIbrion
Rela n Value O( Familand To Be Cwrmrted of 0 to 100 Fbinrs 0
PART VI (To be compA*d by federal Apenoy)
Sire Aasesanmit Crbm (Tftm oAierie se vgD &tmdM 7 CFR 66 *b) fNsiQrtsan
POIrNs
1. Aron In Nonurban LIs.
2. Piedmal r in Nonurbon Use _
3. Poesnt Of Site Being Fanned
_
-a, ProAacEion 5te1a And LoW Govenrrnent
5. Distance From Urban Di ttup Mee

6. D*onca To Urban Support Somicea _
7. Size of Prowd Fans Unit Compered To Avwa p
a. Creation Of Nonfamiahle Formleml
Awdablity Of Fenn Support Swvk=
" 9
.
investrnenb
10. warm --
_
t'?faCts Of Convaraion On Farm Support 3arvK.eG
11
.
12. Compsomty VWh Emting A?r+wftutal use .._
_
TOTAL SITE ASSESSMENT POINTS 1410 0 0 0 0
PART Vil (To be oom**d by Fodomf Agency)
ReW4W Vokie Of Farmland (From Pert h 100 0 M
T sII (From Part Vf abow are kcal 160 0 0 0 " 0
TOTAL POINTS (Toth of abow 2 Arm) 260 0 0 0 0

Sipe SeieA :
Data Of Seleaion Was A LCCdI Site AesesarMM Used?
Yes D No 13
seen For 9o1acilor.
(See lrubuelsns on r*vavse sidYgl FennAo-10Ya (10 e3i
m am.? ?d.ovAdh oioaure ey Nouoial nm.ra+ srweaar sear
•
0
•
NCDENR
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Michael F. Easley, Govemor
August 1, 2006
•

Ms. Elisabeth S. Solchik
KCI Technologies
Landmark Center 11, Suite 220
4601 Six Forks Road
Raleigh, NC 27609
Subject: Farrar Dairy Stream and Wetland Restoration Project; Harnett County
Dear Ms. Solchik:
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
The Natural Heritage Program has no record of rare species, significant natural communities, or
significant natural heritage areas at the site. Our program shows a County-significant natural area known
as Barbecue Pine Forest across SR 1126 to the west of the project area. I have enclosed a map and brief
text for the site, which is completely unprotected and probably heavily degraded, either by fire'
suppression or development, since the last site visit.
You may wish to check the Natural Heritage- Program database website at www.ncnhp.org for a listing of
rare plants and animals and significant natural communities in the county and on the topographic quad
map. Alternatively, the NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (CGIA) provides digital
Natural Heritage data online on a cost recovery basis. Subscribers can get site specific information on
GIS layers with Natural Heritage Program rare species occurrences and Significant Natural Heritage
Areas. The CGIA website provides Element Occurrence (EO) ID numbers (instead of species name), and
the data user is then encouraged to contact the Natural Heritage Program for detailed information. This
service allows the user to quickly and efficiently get site specific NHP data without visiting the NHP
workroom or waiting for the Information Request to be answered by NHP staff. For more information
about data formats, pricing structure and ordering procedures, visit
http://www.cgia.state.nc.us/cgdb/datalist.html, or call CGIA Production Services at [phone].
Please do not hesitate to contact me at 919-715-8697 if you have questions or need further information.
Sincerely, Pp
Harry E. LeGrand, Jr., Zoologist
Natural Heritage Program
Enclosures
1601 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1601
Phone: [phone] - FAX: [phone] - Internet: www.enr.state.nc.us
An Equal Opportunity - Aftmative Action Employer - 50 % Recycled 1 10 % Post Consumer Paper
Noe Carolina
Natumilif
Significant Natural Heritage Area Report 01 August 2006
Name Barbecue Pine Forest
IDENTIFIERS
Site ID 41
Site Alias
Macro Site Name
Mega Site Name
Site Relations
Owner Abbr. Owner Owner Comments
ARV PRIVATE
LOCATORS
County Harnett (NC)
Latitude 351829N Longitude 0785753W
Quad Anderson Creek Watershed Upper Cape Fear
Directions Both sides of Nursery Road (SR 1117), west to SR 1116 and east to SR 1126, north of SR 1125. Along North Prong
Anderson Creek in central Harnett County.
SITE DESCRIPTION
Minimum Elevation: 200.00 Feet 61.00 Meters Survey R
Maximum Elevation: 400.00 Feet 122.00 Meters
Site Description Large area of typical Sandhills Region terrain, including broad upland ridgetops, slopes, and ravines. Communities
include Xeric Sandhill Scrub, Pine/Scrub Oak Sandhill, and Sandhill Seep. Most of the site was cut over in 1992
and communities are in fair to poor condition. It remains signficant as a large expanse of typical sandhill •
communities on the edge of the region.
Key Enviro Factors
Climate Description
Land Use History
Cultural Features
Additional Topics WI
SITE DESIGN
Site Mapped Y - Yes Mapped Date
Designer Schafale
Boundary Justification Boundary on NHP map very rough. Includes substantial degraded area.
Primary and Secondary Area 1,792.75 Acres Primary Area 1,753.37 Acres
Site Comments
Last Visit 1992-06-16
SITE SIGNIFICANCE
Site Significance D
Site Significance Comments Natural communities
Biodivsig rating B4 - Moderate •
Biodivsig Comments CD-ranked Xeric Sandhill Scrub
Other Values V3 - Moderate values
Other Values Comments
Signific -it Natural Heritage Are- Report 01 August 2006
Name Barbecue Pine Forest
Stection Urgency P3 - Definable threat/opportunity but not within 5 years
Protection Urgency Comments
Management Urgency M2 - Essential within 5 years to prevent loss
Management Urgency Comments Communities are continuing to deteriorate in the absence of fire.
REAL ESTATE/PROTECTION
Conservation Intentions Registry
Number of Tracts
Designation
Protection Comments No protection status
MANAGEMENT
Land Use Comments The area was heavily timbered in 1992, but was apparently not site prepped. Several old home sites and a couple of
old fields occur on the site.
Natural Hazard Comments
Exotics Comments
Offsite Most of surrounding area is farm land or rural housing.
Information Needs
agement Needs
naged Area Relations
ELEMENT OCCURRENCES
Scientific Name Common Name G Rank S Rank EO Rank EO ID
Pyxidanthera barbulata var. brevifolia Sandhills Pyxie-moss G4T3 S3 D 3242
Pine/scrub oak sandhill G4 S3 D 10434
Sandhill seep G2 S2S3 D 1698
REFERENCES
Reference Code Full Citation
U91CAROINCUS Carter, J.H. III. 1991. Longleaf Pine Survey of the Sandhills and Southwestern Coastal Plain of
North Carolina, 1989-1990.
VERSION
Version Date 1993-09-29
Version Author Schafale
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U.S. Department of Agriculture
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
I (To be completed by Federal Agency)
Date Of Land Evaluation Request 7/19/06
Name Of Project Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration Federal Agency Involved USDOT-FHWA
Proposed Land Use Riparian Buffer and Wetlands County And State Harnett County, NC
PART 11 (To be completed by NRCS) Date Request Received By NRCS 6/1/06
Does the site contain prime, unique, statewide or local important farmland? Yes No
(If no, the FPPA does not apply -- do not complete additional parts of this form). ® ? Acres Irrigated
0 Average Farm Size
157
Major Crop(s)
Corn Farmable Land In Govt. Jurisdiction
Acres: 327,789 % 85.1 Amount Of Farmland As Defined in FPPA
Acres: 239,304 % 75.5
Name Of Land Evaluation System Used
Harnett County LE Name Of Local Site Assessment System
None Date Land Evaluation Returned By NRCS
8/4/06
Alternative Site Ratin
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency) Site A Site B Site C Site D
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly 176.2
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly
C. Total Acres In Site 176.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 57.9
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 4.28
C. Percentage Of Farmland In County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.026
D. Percentage Of Farmland In Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 85.1
PART V (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Criterion
Relative Value Of Farmland To Be Converted (Scale of 0 to 100 Points) 30 0 0 0
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency)
Site Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(b) Maximum
Points
1. Area In Nonurban Use 15 0
2. Perimeter In Nonurban Use 10 0
3. Percent Of Site Being Farmed 20 10
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20 20
5. Distance From Urban Builtup Area 15 15
6. Distance To Urban Support Services 15 5
7. Size Of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10 10
8. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 10 0
9. Availability Of Farm Support Services 5 5
10. On-Farm Investments 20 15
11. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 10 0
12. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10 0
TOTAL SITE ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 80 0 0 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal Agency)
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V) 100 30 0 0 0
Total Site Assessment (From Part VI above or a local
site assessment) 160 80 0 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2 lines) 260 110 0 0 0

Site Selected: Farrar Dairy

Date Of Selection 8/8/06
A Local Site Assessment Used?
Was
Yes [3 No M
Reason For Selection: This site offers a valuable opportunity to restore a portion of the North Prong of Anderson Creek and surrounding
wetlands. Widespread ditching across the site combined with years of dairy production have degraded the natural stream and wetland
conditions. The project will create buffers to protect water quality from surrounding agricultural drainage and restore functioning aquatic
Ond wetland habitat to the site.
(See Instructions on reverse side) Form AD-1006 (10-83)
This form was electronically produced by National Production Services Staff
Restoration Plan Farrar Dai Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
•
A,pendix C
Conservation Easement
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Restoration Plan Farrar DaLU Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
r?
Appendix D
Project Site Photographs
C]
• PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
NPAC
•
NPAC
NPAC
0
NPAC
NPAC
NPAC
NPAC- Start of project looking upstream at
Powell Farm Road
•
•
•
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
NPAC
NPAC- Bedrock
NPAC
a?
r •s tip kr
" ,-
a
?
l
jf

?4 y SSSS
'
y 4-

i. • t e

NPAC
NPAC
NPAC- Cattle have access to stream to the left
NPAC- Stream banks eroding downstream
from culvert crossing
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
NPAC
NPAC
r ,

=
'mac"- ?.:,r
•-: ,_

NPAC- T2B entering NPAC

NPAC NPAC
NPAC
-PAC
U
r?
U
C
? 0
1 0
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
NPAC

s
.r

NPAC- View of T3 joining NPAC
NPAC- View of stream at culvert crossing
Fi

t ?
9? fir' , a

If
1 L

e g
NPAC

s
+ +
i
4pp??

NPAC NPAC- End of NPAC restoration reach
NPAC- View of culvert crossing
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 1.1
Tributary 1.1- Start of stream looking
downstream
Tributary 1.1
Tributary 1.1
y
Tributary 1.1- Headcut 1 approximately 6-7
feet in depth
•
•
•
Tributary 1.1- Large seep (existing Wetland
1) that feeds the tributary
Tributary 1.1
•
•
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 1.1 and 1.2
Tributary 1.1- Headcut 2 further downstream
Tributary 1.1
• Tributary 1.2- Start of Tributary 1.2. Channel
depth is approximately 5 feet.
Tributary 1.1
Confluence of T1.1 and T1.2
Tributary 1.2
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 1.2
•? •?# ? ft.r +fc#r^ Wit. ??? -
.max. +Y -.
Tributary 1.2

-JIL

a
MA
{ it ?A
Tributary 1.2- Cattle crossing

Tributary 1.2
•
•
0
Tributary 1.2
Tributary 1.2 Headcut 1
Tributary 1.2- Headcut 2
• PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 1
Tributary 1- Stream flowing in existing
Wetland 2
•

Tributary 1- Start of T1
Tributary I- Braided stream channel
Tributary 1- NPAC is located beyond the far
left tree line
•
•
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 2A and 2B
Tributary 2A- Culvert
0
Tributary 2A
Tributary 2A- Large seep providing
groundwater to the tributary
Tributary 2A
Tributary 2B
Tributary 213- Cattle pasture to the left
LJ
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 3

•
Tributary 3- Beginning of T3

Y ?

l

V
Tributary 3- Channel is narrow
0 Tributary 3
Tributary 3- Tributary at culvert
Tributary 3- A drainage feature entering T3
to the left
Tributary 3- End of Tributary
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributarv 4
a
ti V .10
Tributary 4- Start of Tributary 4
?J
t J
! r ??
R
i1 V
Rr
t
?{# wC

? V
Tributary 4
•,,?_ _ r`? 4r77,:
v_s
Tributary 4
r
f }.
Tributary 4

i
9
j
c
.

L

•
•
Tributary 4- Tributary flows through culvert Tributary 4- T4 downstream of road crossing,
under road crossing where it flows into existing Wetland 2 •
•
•
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Tributary 4
flows into the NPAC braided wetland area
L?
Tributary 4- End of Tributary 4, where it
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Existing Jurisdictional Wetlands
Wetlands 3 and 4
•

C]
View of Wetland 7, which is a seep that
provides hydrology to T 1.1
Beginning of Wetlands 3 and 4
Wetlands 3 and 4
Wetlands 3 and 4
Wetlands 3 and 4 with a view of T1 in the
background
•
•
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Existing Jurisdictional Wetlands
Wetland 9
Wetland 9
Wetland 9

e ,1P ??aJ a ti „.,r
Ve
P
y r
1 4 -- ?"?
M
10
a " " 5 4
Wetland I 1
Wetland P I
View of Wetland 8 to the far left
PROJECT SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
Existing Jurisdictional Wetlands
Wetland 1
•
L?
0
Wetlands P1 and P2
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
?I
Appendix E
Existing Conditions Data

Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
NP?,,-?C
0
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1 p
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1 oc
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River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach 1st Field Day
• Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets
Stream: t_ocatiom rav
Station: Observers: 1 1
Date: i - ? - (? Stream 'Cope: Vallev Tvoe:
BEHI Score
Studv Bank Heiaht / Bankfutl Heiaht ( C 1 Win- A.Bt
Study
Bank
(?7• Bankfuil
Hei
ht ~?
Z
(A) / (B
TT

Height n)
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Kat]t L)eDtn / StutlV bank Heiaht ( E i

Root
De
th
L
? Study
Bank
(D)1(A)-
p
ft = .
(D} Hei ht R
1=
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vveigntea Knot uensity ( iu
)
Root
Density (F) x (E)
a5%= F IIQ

E I
Bank Angle ( H )
Bank
Angle
as Degrees = H
/?-
lSJ ' ,
Surface Protection ( I }
Surface
Protection
as% (I} Lt'
•
e roc (vermll very Low BEHI) 75
Boulders (overall Low BEHq -- Bank Material
t,-? Ad usttnent
Cobble (Subtract 19 points if uniform medium to large cobble)
Gravel or Composite MatHx (Add 8-10 points depending on Stratification Adjustment
percentage of bank material that Is composed of sand) Add 5-10 points, depending on
Sand (Add 10 points) position of unstable layers in
SIItiClay (no adjustment) relation to bankfuli stage

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Extreme Adjective stating ,

5 - 9.5 10 -19.5 20 - 29.5 30 - 39.5 40 - 45 46 - 50 and
Total Scare 1 i
Bank Sketch f"^

12
11
1a
9
m 9
e 7
a 6
m 5
:E 4
2-
0.

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... _ .F •.•?..
. r. Root
r' Depth
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a i Bank

? Angle
f (H?
--- --------------
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Horizontal distance (ft)
PC ?a
m y ?
t=i;r a
?• `::?' Start
:,.:.. Bank
•
A60
Copyright © 2007 Wiidland Hydrology
River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach 151 Field Day
Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets
Stream: } Locatlon: ( ms iC
Station: C! ,Cl 1u C? 1,.?1? Observers:
Date: 1- ?? Stream Type: Valley Type:
BEHI Score I
Studv Bank Heiaht / Bankfull Heiaht ( C I (Fici. A.9}
Study
Bank Bankfuli
Hei
ht
C
(A)/(B)

EI

FZ7

Height (a) _ ,
(A)
g
(ft) _
?
B
Hoot ueotn 1,tuav tsanK r'telant I r- )
Root
Depth
I Study
Bank
?
(D) (A }

ft =
(d)
Height tt) = (A ( )
l=
weignted Root uensity { u j
Root
Density
_ ?1--
•
(F) x (E)
`?
as % (
G
F
Bank Angle ( H )
Bank
Angle
as Degrees ' H
Surface Protection ( I )
Surface
Protection
% _ €)
Bank Material Adjustment as
Bedrock (Ovarall Very Low BEHI) .5
Boulders (overall Low BEHI) Bank Material
Adjustment
Cobble (Subtraet 10 points it uniform medium to large cobble)
Gavel or Composite Matrix (Add 5-10 points depending on Stratification Adjustment
percentage of bank material that is composed of sand) Add 5-10 poktta, depending on
Sand {Add t 0 points) position of unstable layers In {
relation to benldull stage
Silt/Clay (no adjustment) ,

Very Low Low Moderate High Very H10 Extreme Adjective Rating
and
5 - 9.5 10 -19.5 24 - 29.5 30 - 39.5 40 - 4S46 - 50 Total Score

Bank Sketch
Root
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11.
10
?. 9
m g
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m 5
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3-
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Horizontal distance (ft) '•`" `:`
•
•
•
A60 Copyright 0 2007 Wildland Hydrology
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
T1.1
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•
•

•
U
River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach
Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets
1St Field Day
Stream: -TA., - Location: Fw, m'v aAe
Station: pp Observers:
Date: I -?p Stream Tvoe: Valiev Tvoe:
BEHI Score
Studv Bank Heiaht ! Bankfull Heiaht f C 1 rin_ A.91
Study
Bank
1 Bankfuil
Height

(A)/(B)
=

4
1 E I
Height In)
_ (A) f) = B )
KOOt Death / Study 13ank Heiaht f E I
Root
Depth
?? Study
Bank
? j
Q
(D) / (A )-
',
.
fl = (D) Hei ht tt) _ ,
(A) (E)
ti
•
•
weigntea Koot vensity ( G )
Root
Density i (F)X(E) _ -ID
as % = F (C?)
Bank Angle ( H }
Bank
Angle
as Degmes
Surface Protection (1 }
Surface
Protection O
Bank Material Adjustment:
Bedrock (overall Very Low BEHI) Bank Material
Boulders (overall Low BEHI) Ad ustment
Cobble (Subtract 10 points if undone medium to large Cobble)
Gravel or Composite Matrix (Add 5-10 points depending on Stratification Adjustment
percentage of bank materiel that Is composed of sand) Add 5-10 points, depending on
Sand (Add 10 points) position of unstable layers in
Slit/Clay (no adjustmenl) rotation to bankfull stags
Very Low Low Moderate High Very Hi h Extreme Adjective Rating
and
5 - 9.6 10 -19,6 20 - 29.6 30 - 39.5 40 - 45 46 - 50 Total Score
Bank Sketch
I 12
11
10
x 9
a, g
c 7
FA
ro
m 5
:E 4
7 3-
2
1
0
r

•

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r •'
aptlr
a
D)
Bank
Angle

0 1 2 3 4 5 a
Horizontal distance (ti)
o
o.
or
..'' .•.. t.:..t .::. _ start
':_,.".%`"•::'''• Bank
A60
Copyright 0 2007 Wildland Hydrology
River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach 1st Field Day
Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets •
Stream: - Location: ( • w
Station: Observers:
Date:- - l Stream Type: Valley Type:
BEHI Score I
Study Bank Height ! Bankfull Height ( C { (Fin. A-91
Study
Bank
, Bankfull
Height
?.
(A)/(B)
Hei ht (R = A) (ft} = B
Root Depth ! Study Bank Height ( E )
Root
D
th Study
Ba
k
(D)1(A)
??

F
]
Tt
ep n ti )
ft = (D} Hei ht ni = (A (E}
Weighted Root Density (G )
Root
Densit
(F)x(E)
?
y }
as % = F (G}
Bank Angle ( H }
Bank
Angie
as Degrees = H
Surface Protection ( I }
Surface
Protection C j
as% = (1) ?
Bedrock (Overall Very Low BEHI) Bank Material
BOUldens (Overall Low BEHI) Ad ustntent
Cobble (Subtract 10 points ti uniform medium to large cabbie)
Gravel or Composite Matrix (Add 5-10 points depending on Stratification Adjustrrlent
percentage of bank material that is composed of send) Add 5-10 points, depending on
Sand (Add 10 points) position of unstable layers in
SIIVClayr (no adjustment) relation to bankfult stage ?

Very Low Low Moderate High Very Hi h Extreme Adjective Rating
and
"

.5 40 - 45 4S - 50
5 - 9.5 10-19.51 20 - 29.5 130-319
Total Saone
Bank Sketch f"
11
10
9
m g
u
c 7
m 6
9
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t 4
j 3-
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c ?• Bank
• Angle
a v)
?9
LL? I.I V
' {? ' : is •(, Y '•.' •.:? 7
E
o.
Start
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0
•
A60 Copyright @ 2007 Wildland Hydrology
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
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•
•
•
River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach 1" Field Day
• Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets
•
•
Stream: Location: t 1
Station: Observers:
Date: Stream Type: Valley Type:
BEHI Score
Study Bank Height I Bankfull Height ( C j (Fig. A-9)
_•? Height ???
(A } ? (B } - ?IF
?A}
Height (n) _ ?) _ 13
Root Depth I Study Bank Height ( E }
? Bank
Depth lJ ? ? j {D}/(A}=
.
Weighted Root Density ( G j

as ?a = ?
Bank Angle ( H }
Bank
Angle
as Degrees = H
Surface Protection ( I j
Surface
7

Protection
3
V
t }
% - L
Bank Material Adjustment as
Bedrock (overall Very Low BEHI) ?--1 Bank Material
Bodlders (overall Low BEHI) Ad UStmant
Cobble (subtract to points it uniform medium to large cobble)
Gravel or Composite Matrix (Add 5-10 points depending on Stretlilcation Adjustment
percentage of bank material that is composed of sand) Add 5-110 points, depending on
Sand (Add 10 points) position of unstable layers in
relation to benklull stage
SIWClay (no adjustment)
Very Low Low Moderate High Very Hight Extreme Adjective Rating 1 1
and
S
5 - 9.5 10 -19.5 20 - 29.5 30 - 39.5 40 -? 45 core
46 - 50 Total ..K=V

Bank Sketch
--='; Root
12-
? Depth
t1 Y ' :...
i• (Di
10
';' Bank
g •
+ e t
: Angle
o ,
::•
1
1
k -' f
tu1
3arZ
-------------
--- -
d
5

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3
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•

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orizontal distance
it
1 ?t-:ice
?:?..•r I?:

A60 Copyright ® 2007 Wlldland Hydrology

t

i

Study ? ,•,` Bankfuli
?
:
Root
h Study
ft = (a) Hei ht itt = (A) (E}
Root

Den ity
s (

(F } x (E } (?

Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
s
? 12

Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
•
Reference Stream
Still Creek
C
T-T
A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0 A
0
E
levation (ft)
A b J
h ? O
2 2 2 2 ? J N i
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0
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W O
a
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N V O C.n tD O V O? O (T tT ? C)
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•
9
River Assessment and Monitoring: Reference Reach 15t Feld Day
Additional BEHI and NBS worksheets

•
Stream: location: VhLi 1
Station: Observers:
Date: Stream Type: Valley Type:
BEHI Score
Study Bank Height J Bankfull Height ( C) (Fig. A-9)

Height to
Root Depth J Study Hank Height ( E )

Weighted Root Density (G )
i
as % (F)
Bank Angle (H)

.
Bank
Angle
?

H
=
as Degrees
Surface Protection ( I)
Surface
rfj?
Protection (Li t i } jg
%
L 1
Bank Material Ad ustlnent: as
Bedrock (Overall Very Low BEHI) -----r? Bank Material
Boulders (Overall Low BEHI) Ad ustment
Cobble (Subtract 10 points if uniform medium to large cobble)
Grave) or Composite MaWX(Add 5-10 points depending on Stratificatlon Ad)uaUrlent
percentage of bank material that is composed of sand) Add 5-10 paints. depending on
Sand (Add 10 Points) postilon of unstable layers in
SIIVCIay (no adjustment) relation to bankfull stage
Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Extreme Adjective Rating
and
5 - 9.5 10 -19.5 20 - 29.5 30 - 39.5 40 - 45 46 - 50 Total Score

Bank Sketch
i
•
__"?'
'; Root
12
11 oep",
1 D

.
Bank
9
8 i!. Angle

6 ---BajLkfitll---------
? 1 O

:E 4 y
3

2
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Stan

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 :tit„r:';r.'.(f?i till: °;i:: r: :. :i . .:'•: " :::•;::: ;.}:

Horizontal distance Ift} : ` :r::.r::•,:.a ::, ` ;• _ :='

A60 Copyright ® 2007 Wldland Hydrology

Study
Bank

ankfuil
Height

{ A) J (B }
= lA) (f?}
= i3 )
Root
Depth ?
C) , Study

Hank

-3
Q
(D) / (A)
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
• Appendix F
NCDWQ Stream Identification Forms
C]
North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
F_ -I
L_J
•
Date: ?,O -Cto Project: o- Latitude:
Evaluator: CC Site., Longitude:
'total Points: Other
Stream is at feast Intermittent County:\AQ& RQ
e.g. Quad /Name:
14Q I
if ;t 19 or perennial If a 30
A. Geomorphology Subtotal =t? Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 3
2. Sinuosity 0 1 2
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 1 2
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 1 2 3
5. Active/relic floodplain 0 i 2 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 2 3
7. Braided channel 0 1 2
8. Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 2 3
9 8 Natural levees 0 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 0 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway 0 0.5 1 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No tJ
Yes = 3
° Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions In manual
R Wvrlr lnnv fC11htntal = 1 {l {1 1
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 1 2 3
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel - d or growing season 0 1 2 C3
16. Leaflitter 1.5 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0. 1 1.5
18. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 0. 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes 1.5
C. Rinioav (Subtotal= T 1 )
20t'. Fibrous roots in channel 3 2 1 0
21 . Rooted plants in channel 3 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 0.5 1 1.5
23. Bivalves 0 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 0.5 1 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 2 f-AN
3
28. Iron oxidizing bacterialfungus. 0 0.5 1 1.5
29 . Wetland plants in streambed FAG = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL = 1.5 SAV = 2.0; Other = 0
Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants, Item 29 focuses an the presence of aquatic or weuend plants.
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Sketch:
0
North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
•
0
Date: - to - Project: VOXca?- Latitude:
Evaluator: Longitude:
Total Paints: County: "o' other
Stream is at least intermittent ? C. Coun e.g. Quad Name'
if z Igor perennial if 2 30
A. Geomorphology Subtotal = ) Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 3
2. Sinuosity 0 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riftle-poot sequence D 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 1 2 3
5. Active/relic floodplain 0 1 2 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 2 3
7. Braided channel D 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits 1 2 3
9 a Natural levees 0 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 0 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainageway o 0.5 1 i
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No CC-))
Yes = 3
" Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions In manual
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 1 2 3
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel - d or roWn season 0 1 2
(2)
16. Leaflitter 1.5 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0.5 1 1.5
1 B. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 0.5 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes 1.5
!` t2inlnnv fCFiM?ntal ^ ?l ) 1
20 . Fibrous roots in channel 3 2 1 0
21 . Rooted plants In channel 3 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 0.5 1 1.5
23. Bivalves 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 015 1 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 2 3
28. Iron oxidizing bacterialfungus. 0 0.5 1 1.5
F2_957, Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL =1.5 SAV = 2.0; Other = 0
" Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of upland plants. uem xa rocuses on the presence w aquauc w weudnu pianw.
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Sketch:
0
North Carolina Division of Water Quality -- Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
L.J

0
Latitude:
Date: -,? _ Project: V04 cc
Longitude:
Evaluator: SS Site: TIC` '_
Total Points: County., \ `IQL? ??Ll Other
Stream is at least Intermittent e.g, Quad Name:
If z 19 or perennial ff a 30
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal= Absent Weak Moderate Strong
1a. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 3
2. Sinuosity 0 1 2 3
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 1 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 1 2 3
5. Activelrelic floodplain 0 1 2 3
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 2 3
7. Braided channel 0 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits E
E 1 2 3
9 8 Natural levees E
J 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 0 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0 0.5 1 1.5
12. Natural valley or drainagewa 0 0.5 1 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No
Yes = 3
a Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions In manual
u. 1 1
14. Groundwater flow/discharge
0
1
2
3
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or
Water in channel -- d or growing season 0 1 2
(D
16. Leaflitter 1.5 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 .5 1 1.5
18. Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 07 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes 1.5
r• 01-1-.,.. retA'f^f.l - 1
20 . Fibrous roots in channel 3 2 1 0
21b, Rooted plants in channel 3 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 0.5 1 1.5
23. Bivalves 000 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 0.5 1 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 2 3
28. Iron oxidizing bacterialfungus. 0 0.5 1 1.5
29 . Wetland plants in streambed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; 08L = 1.5 SAV = 2.0; Other = 0
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
-items 20 and 21 locus on Vie presence or uplano pian[s, Iten] L`.J' IQGIISCM UPI II IV PIP=01 PUG W A4- v1 .,o..4z... r.?...
Sketch:
North Carolina Division of Water Quality -Stream Identification Form; Version 3.1
U
•

Date:,-" 10 , Project: C Latitude:
Evaluator: Site Longitude:
Total Points: Other
Stream is at least intemiittanu , t, County: e.g. Quad Name:
if a 19 or erennial if a 30
A. Geomorphology Subtotal =Q)-') y Absent Weak Moderate Strong
18. Continuous bed and bank 0 1 2 3
2. Sinuosity 0 1 2
3. In-channel structure: riffle-pool sequence 0 1 2 3
4. Soil texture or stream substrate sorting 0 1 2 3
5. Activelrelic floodplain 0 1 2
6. Depositional bars or benches 0 1 2 3
7. Braided channel 0 1 2 3
8. Recent alluvial deposits 0 1 2 3
9° Natural levees 0 1 2 3
10. Headcuts 0 1 2 3
11. Grade controls 0 0.5 1 13
12. Natural valley or drainageway 0 0.5 1 1.5
13. Second or greater order channel on existing
USGS or NRCS map or other documented
evidence.
No (D
Yes = 3
° Man-made ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
R 4.IvAminnv /6?F?4n4o1 - i ? ?
14. Groundwater flow/discharge 0 1 2 3
15. Water in channel and > 48 hrs since rain, or.
Water in channel - d or growing season 0 1 2 rte.
l
16. Leaflitter 1.5 1 0.5 0
17. Sediment on plants or debris 0 0.5 1 1.5
18.Organic debris lines or piles (Wrack lines) 0 0.5 1 1.5
19. Hydric soils (redoximorphic features) present? No = 0 Yes 1.5
C Rininrni tS:uhtnt?l c 11?.? 1
2V. Fibrous roots in channel 3 2 1 0
21 . Rooted plants in channel 3 2 1 0
22. Crayfish 0 0.5 1 1.5
23. Bivalves 0 1 2 3
24. Fish 0 0.5 1 1.5
25. Amphibians 0 0.5 1 1.5
26. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance) 0 0.5 1 1.5
27. Filamentous algae; periphyton 0 1 2
28. Iron oxidizing bacteria/fungus. 0 0.5 1 1.5
29 . Wetland plants in streembed FAC = 0.5; FACW = 0.75; OBL =1.5 SAV = 2.0; Other = 0
Notes: (use back side of this form for additional notes.)
Items 20 and 21 focus on the presence of uplanO piants, item zu iocuses on the presence of aquauc or weuano pianw.
Sketch;
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
•
Appendix G
Reference Reach Data
0
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
.7
•
Reference Stream
Little Rockfish Creek
0
L'

Channel Materials
Percent Silt/Clay b%
Percent Sand 81%
Percent'Gravel 1S%)
Percent Cobble. `
'Percent Boulder:.

Percent Bedrock ---
D 16
l
D35 `.? . 0.18 (mm)
D50 i 0.25 .(mm)
D8a 8 {mm)
`D95 s L ^_ - 91 (mm)
-Note: 2,049 mra ouresponds.to BEDROCK
i

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CA

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D'trrl@I1S1o11 Rat?S Mean. Minimum Maximum
Bankful Width: Depth Ratio 9.13
Entrenchment Ratio . v?-^414.884 `?lw14.29 __._ 15.38
Bank Height Ratio
Pool width: Bankfull width* 0.791 0.79 0.79
Max pool depth: Bankfoll depth* ; 2.35 2.35 2.35
Mean pool depth: Bankfull depth *= 8 1.4$ 1.48 "
Pool area: RiM6. area* 1.17 1.17 1.17
* Ratio denominators are the-riffle mean. hankfull.value.
Pa@t'lt RatiaS Mean , .. Minimum maximum:
Fool tv pooi Spacing: Bkfi width _ 4.38.
Meander length ratio 10.47 ?5.8$ _ 16.05
Radius of curvature ratio 1.09
Meander-Width ratio
1.45:
- 1.23
1.78 "

Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
Reference Stream
• UT to Wilkinson Creek

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•
•
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration

1?1
Reference Stream
Still Creek

•
Stream YD El
Stream Name. till Creek
Contact Kevin Tweed
Organization [Buck En ig neenng?
Email [e-mail] I
Date Surveyed
Location
River Basin Neuse
8-digit WC `03020202
Locatrion Cliffs of the Neuse State Park
Reach Visitors should check in at the Ranger
Description Station before conducting surveys.
State' NC
Latitude (decimal degrees)
Longitude (decimal degrees)
County Wayne
Physio. Region Coast (coast, Piedmont, mtns)
Ecoregion
Public/Private U
Right of Entry El (check for yes) .
Hydraulics
Bankfull'Dh"arge r 7.3 (ds)
Bank full Velocity (ft S)
Manning's n 0.04}
Method of Calculating -? Observation!
Manning 's n

Channel Materials
!Percent Silt/Clay
- ---------------

.Percent Sand `
F ^^?
Percent Gravel ??
Percent Cobble
Percent Boulder
Percent Bedrock ?yy
D16 I Q.28 (mm)
D35 6. 7
D50 0.44 (mm)
D84 ?_,._.. 0.82 (mm)
D95 i ' -- - 4.97 (mm)
Note: 2,049 mm' corresponds to BEDROCK

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.7
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
Appendix H
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Restoration Plan Farrar Daia Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
Appendix I
40 Groundwater Modeling
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is
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
Existing Conditions for Farrar Dairy DRAINMOD Simulations
* DRAINMOD version 5.1
* Copyright 1980-99 North Carolina State University *
-----------------------------------------------------
•
C ?1
ANALYSIS OF WETLAND HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA for Wehadkee soil at Harnett Co, N.C.
for Ag field:15.2 m D/SPACING, STMAX=2.5cm, thwtd=30cm/12days, Ksat=8.80, 2.78,
********************************************************************************
----------RUN STATISTICS ---------- time: 3/
input file: C:\DRAINMOD\inputs\FARA60115.PRJ
parameters: free drainage and yields not
drain spacing = 12500. cm drain depth
---------------------------------------------------------
*
5/2008 @ 17:11
calculated
60.0 cm
---------------
YEAR RAINFALL INFILTRATION ET DRAINAGE RUNOFF SEW TWLOSS PUMPV
1960 120.73 120.24 88.18 4.45 .49 184.07 5.01 .00
1961 123.06 122.02 101.43 17.01 1.04 519.17 18.14 .00
1962 117.32 113.42 92.38 17.98 1.70 186.95 19.71 .00
1963 104.24 101.06 87.66 15.59 5.39 .00 21.00 .00
1964 147.90 127.34 99.06 26.70 20.56 980.00 47.31 .00
1965 117.91 103.67 98.73 17.45 14.23 184.38 31.74 .00
1966 106.91 103.13 84.30 7.85 3.78 .00 11.71 .00
1967 127.76 114.75 92.84 19.77 11.28 601.11 31.09 .00
1968 96.60 92.78 84.16 10.78 5.55 .00 16.35 .00
1969 128.32 117.46 93.20 23.35 10.86 730.37 34.26 .00
1970 104.77 104.18 96.74 14.01 .59 86.40 14.64 .00
1971 115.19 104.36 96.26 14.44 10.83 103.62 25.30 .00
1972 130.51 128.54 98.02 16.36 .81 .05 17.26 .00
1973 123.37 106.56 93.34 18.31 17.96 204.02 36.31 .00
1974 148.54 131.74 106.07 20.57 16.64 914.36 37.32 .00
1975 136.60 124.52 104.35 20.17 11.10 48.05 31.34 .00
1976 103.05 99.64 86.86 12.78 3.66 .00 16.46 .00
1977 117.22 111.15 97.09 14.07 6.04 .00 20.17 .00
1978 118.44 110.83 92.30 21.77 8.52 440.45 30.37 .00
1979 119.94 117.49 92.79 22.00 2.45 123.86 24.51 .00
1980 117.04 113.91 92.17 21.20 2.26 190.54 23.49 .00
1981 82.37 83.24 84.31 7.58 .00 .00 7.60 .00
1982 115.39 111.51 96.83 13.99 3.88 .00 17.93 .00
1983 126.09 109.26 83.14 18.16 15.35 528.81 33.52 .00
1984 117.20 113.30 98.70 26.46 5.38 754.54 31.90 .00
1985 112.98 109.99 97.18 7.03 2.99 .00 10.03 .00
1986 92.61 92.54 81.73 6.00 .07 220.77 6.13 .00
1987 106.15 87.01 79.74 15.45 19.14 .26 34.62 .00
1988 125.04 119.28 93.42 19.91 5.77 1241.03 25.77 .00
1989 162.05 133.85 103.55 27.44 28.20 1575.99 55.71 .00
1990 104.98 104.98 103.37 5.87 .00 .00 5.95 .00
1991 110.62 110.62 108.70 5.96 .00 .00 6.01 .00
1992 95.17 95.17 88.36 1.85 .00 .00 1.96 .00
1993 99.87 94.55 75.31 18.32 5.33 269.60 23.67 .00
1994 120.27 117.38 101.57 16.10 2.89 .00 19.05 .00
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
1995 149.99 121.08 96.35 23.28 28.90 978.41 52.23 .00

1996
135.05
122.29
94.18
27.97
12.76
1407.66
40.74
.00
is
1997 99.57 98.14 85.91 11.58 1.42 .00 13.02 .00
1998 122.99 97.42 91.51 18.10 25.56 397.07 43.68 .00
1999 137.08 120.65 94.97 15.49 16.43 1050.18 31.97 .00
2000 162.86 100.32 78.02 20.58 62.54 1541.35 83.16 .00
AVG 119.60 110.03 93.04 16.19 9.57 377.15 25.81 .00
-----------------------------------------------------
* DRAINMOD version 5.1
* Copyright 1980-99 North Carolina State University
-----------------------------------------------------
ANALYSIS OF WETLAND HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA for Wehadkee soil at Harnett Co, N.C.
for Ag field:15.2 m D/SPACING, STMAX=2.5cm, thwtd=30cm/12days, Ksat=8.80, 2.78,
********************************************************************************
----------RUN STATISTICS ---------- time: 3/ 5/2008 @ 17:11
input file: C:\DRAINMOD\inputs\FARA60115.PRJ
parameters: free drainage and yields not calculated
drain spacing = 12500. cm drain depth = 60.0 cm
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C,
D R A I N M 0 D--- HYDROLOGY EVALUATION
****** INTERIM EXPERIMENTAL RELEASE ******
Number of periods with water table closer than 30.00 cm
for at least 12 days. Counting starts on day
75 and ends on day 315 of each year
YEAR Number of Periods Longest Consecutive
of 12 days or Period in Days
more with WTD
< 30.00 cm
------------------ --------------------
1960 0. 7.
1961 1. 23.
1962 0. 9.
1963 0. 5.
1964 2. 27.
1965 1. 21.
1966 0. 0.
1967 1. 15.
1968 0. 1.
1969 3. 13.
1970 0. 9.
1971 1. 19.
1972 0. 1.
Restoration Plan Farrar Daia Stream & Wetland Restoration
• 1973
1974 1.
1. 17.
26.
1975 1. 22.
1976 0. 0.
1977 0. 9.
1978 1. 12.
1979 0. 6.
1980 1. 21.
1981 0. 0.
1982 0. 4.
1983 1. 43.
1984 1. 27.
1985 0. 0.
1986 0. 9.
1987 0. 3.
1988 2. 18.
1989 4. 25.
1990 0. 0.
1991 0. 3.
1992 0. 0.
1993 2. 19.
1994 0. 3.
1995 1. 35.
1996 1. 30.
1997 0. 2.
1998 2. 18.
1999 2. 22.
• 2000 2. 43.
Number of Years with at least one period = 21. out of 41 years.
Proposed Post Restoration Conditions Farrar Dairy DRAINMOD simulations
-----------------------------------------------------
* DRAINMOD version 5.1
* Copyright 1980-99 North Carolina State University
-----------------------------------------------------
ANALYSIS OF WETLAND HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA for Wehadkee soil at Harnett Co, N.C.
for Ag field:15.2 m D/SPACING, STMAX=10cm, thwtd=30cm/12days, Ksat=8.80, 2.78,
********************************************************************************
----------RUN STATISTICS ---------- time: 3/ 5/2008 @ 8:37
input file: C:\DRAINMOD\inputs\FAPT60105.PRJ
parameters: free drainage and yields not calculated
drain spacing = 10700. cm drain depth = 60.0 cm
------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR RAINFALL INFILTRATION ET DRAINAGE RUNOFF SEW TWLOSS PUMPV
1960 120.73 120.73 88.06 5.54 .00 164.73 5.61 .00
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
1961 123.06 123.06 101.43 18.41 .00 335.33 18.50 .00

1962
117.32
115.79
91.79
20.10
.00
159.17
20.13
.00 •
1963 104.24 105.78 87.41 20.91 .00 .00 20.93 .00
1964 147.90 144.92 99.36 43.02 2.65 1499.24 45.70 .00
1965 117.91 118.24 99.97 29.66 .00 617.06 29.71 .00
1966 106.91 106.91 85.34 12.75 .00 .00 12.81 .00
1967 127.76 126.14 92.84 30.73 .00 1242.38 30.74 .00
1968 96.60 98.22 84.08 16.80 .00 .00 16.82 .00
1969 128.32 128.32 93.20 33.73 .00 967.38 33.79 .00
1970 104.77 104.78 96.04 15.32 .00 37.94 15.36 .00
1971 115.19 114.38 96.87 23.85 .81 344.05 24.67 .00
1972 130.51 130.25 98.02 18.04 .00 .00 18.14 .00
1973 123.37 120.93 95.53 30.49 2.69 569.24 33.24 .00
1974 148.54 143.83 106.07 32.99 4.71 1678.32 37.76 .00
1975 136.60 136.12 105.22 30.59 .00 287.68 30.66 .00
1976 103.05 102.34 86.70 15.64 .00 .00 15.65 .00
1977 117.22 118.05 96.99 21.05 .00 .00 21.12 .00
1978 118.44 118.81 92.30 30.66 .00 362.28 30.73 .00
1979 119.94 119.94 92.25 24.69 .00 122.86 24.74 .00
1980 117.04 116.98 91.41 24.62 .00 139.91 24.65 .00
1981 82.37 82.43 83.30 7.52 .00 .00 7.54 .00
1982 115.39 115.39 96.28 18.40 .00 .00 18.47 .00
1983 126.09 121.66 86.28 27.51 3.36 889.77 30.89 .00
1984 117.20 118.26 98.70 32.02 .00 734.41 32.06 .00
1985 112.98 112.98 97.47 9.40 .00 .00 9.41 .00
1986 92.61 92.61 81.36 7.06 .00 194.79 7.13 .00
1987 106.15 99.86 80.40 26.71 6.29 98.45 33.03 .00
1988
1989 125.04
162.05 125.04
153.01 93.42
103.55 26.42
46.14 .00
9.05 1452.51
2797.83 26.51
55.22 .00
.00 •
1990 104.98 104.98 102.64 6.72 .00 .00 6.81 .00
1991 110.62 110.62 107.89 6.38 .00 .00 6.42 .00
1992 95.17 95.17 88.29 2.30 .00 .00 2.41 .00
1993 99.87 99.87 76.00 22.91 .00 474.28 22.93 .00
1994 120.27 120.27 101.53 19.41 .00 .00 19.47 .00
1995 149.99 141.20 99.50 39.49 8.79 1491.03 48.34 .00
1996 135.05 133.72 93.36 40.62 1.33 2134.36 41.97 .00
1997 99.57 99.57 85.29 13.56 .00 .00 13.58 .00
1998 122.99 111.51 91.93 31.53 11.48 815.96 43.02 .00
1999 137.08 131.40 94.40 25.47 5.68 1740.12 31.19 .00
2000 162.86 116.92 78.59 37.54 45.94 2344.54 83.51 .00
AVG 119.60
------- 117.10
--------- 93.20
---------- 23.09
-------- 2.51
------- 577.94
--------- 25.64
--- .00
* DRAINMOD version 5.1
* Copyright 1980-99 North Carolina State University
-----------------------------------------------------
ANALYSIS OF WETLAND HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA for Wehadkee soil at Harnett Co, N.C.
for Ag field:15.2 m D/SPACING, STMAX=10cm, thwtd=30cm/12days, Ksat=8.80, 2.78,
********************************************************************************
----------RUN STATISTICS ---------- time: 3/ 5/2008 @ 8:37
input file: C:\DRAINMOD\inputs\FAPT60105.PRJ
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
• parameters: free drainage and yields not calculated
drain spacing 10700. cm drain depth-=---60_0-cm
------------------------------ -------------- ----
D R A I N M 0 D--- HYDROLOGY EVALUATION
****** INTERIM EXPERIMENTAL RELEASE ******
Number of periods with water table closer than 30.00 cm
for at least 12 days. Counting starts on day
75 and ends on day 315 of each year
YEAR Number of Periods Longest Consecutive
of 12 days or Period in Days
more with WTD
<
------- 30.00 cm
----------
- --------------------
1960 0. 7.
1961 1. 22.
1962 0. 9.
1963 0. 6.
1964 2. 41.
1965 2. 34.
1966 0. 5.
• 1967
1968 1.
0. 44.
3.
1969 3. 19.
1970 0. 6.
1971 1. 34.
1972 0. 0.
1973 2. 27.
1974 1. 58.
1975 1. 36.
1976 0. 0.
1977 1. 12.
1978 0. 11.
1979 0. 5.
1980 1. 18.
1981 0. 0.
1982 0. 3.
1983 1. 56.
1984 1. 27.
1985 0. 0.
1986 0. 8.
1987 1. 23.
1988 1. 44.
1989 3. 45.
1990 0. 0.
1991 0. 0.
1992 0. 0.
1993 2. 20.
1994 0. 4.
1995 2. 47.
1996 1. 66.
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
199 0. 2.
1998 8 1. 54.
1999 1. 52.
2000 1. 80.
Number of Years with at least one period = 22. out of 41 years.

0
Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
•
r- 'I
Appendix J
Water Budget
n
•
•
Farrar Dairv Water Budget - Existina Conditinns
D Year Water Inputs Water Outputs Changein Excess Wetland
1961 P Si' Gi PET So Go Infiltration/Lose to Ditches Storage Water Volume
Jan-81 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 1.22 -0.48 0.00 0.00
Feb-01 2.46 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.73 0.00 023
Mar-81 1.53 0.00 0.00 1.06 0100 0.00 0.58 -0.11 0.00 0.61
Apr-81 0.35 0.00 0.00 3.17 0.00 0.00 0.08 -2.90 0.00 0.00
Ma 81 4.05 0.01 0.00 3.69 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.36
Jun-81 1.89 0.00 0.00 6.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.65 0.00 0.00
Jul-81 6.16 0.12 0.00 6.44 0.12 0.00 0.00 -0.28 0.00 50
A 1 6.72 0.34 0.00 5.42 0.34 0.00 0.01 1.29 0.00 129
Se 81 1.24 0.00 0.00 3.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.71 0.00 0100
Oct-81 2.02 0.00 0.00 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.14 0.00 0.00
Nov-81 0.68 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.49 0.00 0.00
Dec -81
4.50
0.01
0.00
0.11
0.01
0.00
0.00
4.39
0.00
4.39
Annual Totals 32.40 0.48 0.00 34.41 0.48 0.00 2.98 4.99 0.00 0.00
Avg. Year Water in uts Water Outputs Change in Excess Wetla
d
1979 P SI. Gi PET So Go infiltration Store Water n
Volume
Jan-79 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.78 0.00 1.78
Feb-79 4.11 0.02 0.00 026 0.02 0.00 1.70 2.15 0.00 313
Mar-79 3.41 0.06 0.00 1.52 0.06 0.00 1.78 0.11 0.00 4.04
Apr-79 2.65 0.02 0.00 2.94 0.02 0.00 0.35 -0.64 0.00 3.41
Ma 79 3.54 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.02 -0.58 0.00 2.83
Jun-79 3.26 0.10 0.00 4.86 0.10 0100 0.00 -1.60 0.00 123
Jul-79 4.97 027 0.00 5.84 0.27 0.00 0.00 -0.87 0.00 0.36
A W79 1.46 0.17 0.00 5.77 0.17 0.00 0.00 -4.31 0.00 0.00
Sep-79 11.32 0.40 0.00 4.21 0.40 0.00 0.06 7.05 2.37 5.40
Oct-79 1.09 0.00 0.00 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.50 -1.46 0.00 3.94
Nov-79 6.16 0.01 0.00 1.27 0.01 0.00 1.23 3.66 2.92 5.40
Dec-79 1.74 0.04 0.00 0.41 0.04 0.00 1.53 -020 0.00 5.20
Annual Totals 47.31 1091 0.00 33.55 1.09 0.00 8.66 5.10 5.62 5.40
Wet Year taster Inputs Water Outputs Chan
e in Excess W
tl
d
2000 P S1. Gi PET So Go infiltration g
store" Water e
an
Volume
Jan-00 5.79 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.00 0.93 4.84 0.16 4.84
Feb-00 1.73 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.01 0.00 1.61 -0.58 0.00 4.25
Mar-00 2.18 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.44 0.02 4.70
Apr-00 2.65 0.02 0.00 2.18 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.48 5.16
Ma 0.54 0.00 0.00 4.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.95 0.00 121
Jun-00 4.88 0.01 0.00 5.96 0.01 0.00 0.00 -1.08 0.00 0.13
Jul-00 8.11 027 0.00 5.86 0.27 0.00 0.08 2.17 0.00 2.30
A -00 26.61 0.17 0.00 5.52 0.17 0.00 2.23 18.86 16.48 5.40
Sep-00 7.31 0.40 0.00 4.01 0.40 0.00 1.63 1.67 2.39 5.40
Oct-00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.63 -2.79 0.00 2.61
Nov-00 2.00 0.01 0.00 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.19 1.00 0.00 3.60
Dec-00 2.31 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.04 0.00 0.57 1.65 0.57 5.25
MnualTotais 64.11 1.04 0.00 33.32 1.04 0.00 8.11 22.68 23.26 5.40
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ear ter ?n uts
ut uts
ter O
Change in
Excess
Wetland
1 P Si Gt PET So Go InfiltrationlLoss to Ditches Stora a Water Volume
81
R 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.00 0.74
F,b-81
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0.64
0,00
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1.82
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2.56
81 1.53 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.00 3.03
81 0.35 0.00 0.00 3.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.82 0.00 0.21
4.05 0.01 0.00 3.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.58
1.89 0.00 0.00 6,54 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.65 0.00 0.00
6.16 0.12 0.00 6.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00
Au81
P 6.72 0.34 0.00 5.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.64 0.00 1.64
1.24 0.00 0.00 3.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.71 0.00 0.00
81 2.02 0.00 0.00 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.14 4 0.00 0.00
Nov-81 0.68 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.49 0.00 0.00
Dec-81 4.50 0.01 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.40 0.00 4.40
Annual Tote 32.40 0.48 0.00 34.41 0.00 1 1 1.53 0.00 2.87
Avg. Yea W ater th uts Water Outputs change in Excess Wetland
1979 P Si • G1 PET So Go Infiltration Storage Water Volume
Jan-79 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.28 0.00 3.28
Feb-79 4.11 0.02 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.87 2.47 5.40
Mar-79 3.41 0.06 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.95 2.67 5.40
Apr-79 2.65 0.02 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.27 0.45 5.13
May-79 3.54 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.56 0.00 4.57
Jun-79 3.26 0.10 0.00 4.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1,50 0.00 3.07
Jul-79 4.97 0.27 0.00 5.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 •0.60 0.00 2.47
Aug-79 1.46 0.17 0.00 5.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 -4.14 0.00 0.00
Sep-79 11.32 0.40 0.00 4.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.51 2.83 5.40
00-79 1.09 0.00 0.00 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.96 0.00 4,44
Nov-79 6.16 0.01 0.00 1.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.90 4.66 5.40
Dec-79 1.74
l 0.04 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.37 2.09 5.40
Annual Tota 47.31 1.09 0.00 33.55 0.00 0.00 14.85 15.57 5.40
Wet Year W ater Inputs Water Outputs Change to Excess Wetland
2000 P Si ` Gi PET So Go Infiltration Storage Water Volume
Jan-00 5.79 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.88 1.20 5.40
Feb-00 1.73 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.04 1.76 5.40
Mar-00 2.18 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 1.38 5.40
Apr-00 2.65 0.02 0.00 2.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 1.21 5.40
May-00 0.54 0.00 0.00 4.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 -3.95 0.00 1.45
Jun-00 4.88 0.01 0.00 5.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.07 0.00 0.38
Jul-00 8.11 0.27 0.00 5.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.52 0.00 2.90
Aug-00 26.61 0.17 0.00 5.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.26 19.48 5.40
Sep-00 7.31 0.40 0.00 4.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.70 4.42 5.40
Oct-00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2.16 0.00 124
Nov 2.00 0.01 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.00 4.44
Dec-00
l 2.31 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.26 2.02 5.40
Annual Tota 64.11 1.04 0.00 33.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 31,83 32.55 5.40

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Restoration Plan Farrar Dairy Stream & Wetland Restoration
is
Appendix K
4p Upland Early Successional Habitat Management
41
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