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HomeMy WebLinkAbout20161130 Ver 1_Bridge 100592 Buncombe Archaeology No Effect_20161116Project Tracking No. (Internal Use) 12-10-0034 NO PREHISTORIC OR HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRESENT/AFFECTED FORM PROJECT INFORMATION Project No WBS No: F.A. No: Str.# 100592 17BP.13.R.38 na Fede�al (USACE) Permit Required? Project Description: County: Document Buncombe Minimum Criteria Sheet Funding: � State ❑ Federal � Yes ❑ No Permit Type: Corps 404/DWQ 401 The project calls for the replacement of Bridge No. 592 on SR 2785 (Dye Leaf Road) over Cane Creek in Buncombe County. The archaeological Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the project is defined as a 400 foot (121.92 m) long corridor running 200 feet (60.96 m) north and 200 feet (60.96 m) south and west along 5R 2785 from the center of Bridge No. 592. The corridor is approximately 100 feet (30.48 m) wide extending 50 feet (15.24 m) on either side of the road from its present center. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) reviewed the subject project and determined: Archaeology � There are no National Register-listed or Study Listed properties within the project's area of potential effects. ❑ No subsurface archaeological investigations are required for this project. � Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources. ❑ Subsurface investigations did not reveal the presence of any archaeological resources considered eligible for the National Register. ❑ All identified Archaeological sites located within the APE have been considered and all compliance for archaeological resources with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and GS 121-12(a) has been completed for this project. � There are no historic properties present or affected by this project. (Attach any notes or documents as needec� "No Historic Properties Present" form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups 12-10-0034 SUMMARY OF CULTURAL RESOURCES REVIEW Brief description of review activities, results of review, and conclusions: Bridge No. 592 is northeast of Fairview and south of Black Mountain in the southeastern corner of Buncombe County, North Carolina. The project area is plotted near the eastern edge of the Black Mountain USGS 7.5' topographic quadrangle (Figure 1). A map review and site file search was conducted at the Office of State Archaeology (OSA) on October 30, 2012. No previously recorded archaeological sites have been identified within or adjacent to the APE, but one site (31BN925) is recorded within a mile radius of bridge. In addition, no existing National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), State Study Listed (SL), Locally Designated (LD), Determined Eligible (DE), or Surveyed Site (SS) properties are within or adjacent to the archaeological APE according to the North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office online data base (HPOWEB 2012). Topographic maps, USDA soil survey maps, aerial photographs (NC One Map), and historic maps (North Carolina maps website) were utilized to gage environmental factors that may have contributed to prehistoric or historic settlement within the project limits and to assess the level of ground disturbance. An archaeological field and reconnaissance survey was conducted on November 6, 2012, to evaluate the proj ect area. Bridge No. 592 and SR 2785 cross Cane Creek roughly north to south (Figure 2). The stream drains south and west to join eventually with the French Broad River. The project area is situated along the Cane Creek floodplain, its stream terraces, and a hillside slope in the southeast quadrant (Figures 3-4). On the north side of the bridge, the landscape of the APE is characterized as open with residential properties and vegetable garden plots, while a forest encompass the entire area to the south. A storage garage it the only structure near the APE south of the bridge, but it fall just outside of the project limits. Overall, ground disturbance appears minimal. However, a large drainage ditch runs alongside SR 2785 in the northwest quadrant. A review of the USDA soil survey map indicates that the project area is composed of four soil series (Figure 5). The floodplain is made up of the Rosman fine sandy loam (RsA) or the Dellwood-Reddies soil complex (DeA). The Rosman series covers most of the APE and is described as a well drained soil with slope of 3 percent or less. The Dellwood- Reddies complex is found at the eastern edge of the APE and is moderately well drained sandy soils that also have a slope of 0 to 3 percent. Both series are subject to occasional floods, but only for brief periods of less than two days out of the year. The stream terraces to the north of the bridge are part of the Tate loam series (TaC). This series is well drained with a slope of 8 to 15 percent. There is no hazard of flooding and soil erosion is slight. Typically, less than 25 percent of the original surface layer has been removed. These three series have a high potential of yielding archaeological sites due to being fairly level, well drained, and close to fresh water. For these reason, subsurface testing was required along the floodplain and stream terraces. The final series is the Edneyville-Chestnut soil complex (EdF). This series consists of loamy soils located on the southeastern hillside. It is considered well drained, but slope is very steep at 50 to 95 percent. Slope of 15 percent or more is not suited for settlement activities and is generally not likely to yield significant archaeological sites. No testing was carried out on this landform. Only one previous archaeological investigation has been conducted in the vicinity of the bridge. This investigation was performed by TRC Environment in 2008 for the proposed Cliffs at High Carolina development project. The investigation resulted in the identification of only one site (31BN925). Site 31BN925 is a small prehistoric site dating to an unidenti�ed period. It yielded only quartz and quartzite debitage along a terrace next to an unnamed tributary to Cane Creek. The site was determined to be ineligible for the NRHP. Overall, additional investigations are needed in this area of the county in order to draw any �rm conclusions on the predictability of site locations based upon previously recorded sites. Since the current project area is situated on well drained soils along a floodplain and stream terraces, "No Historic Properties PresenY' form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups 12-10-0034 subsurface testing from the current investigation will provide data needed to predict future site location and density models for the region. The preliminary background check also includes a historic map review. Most early maps from the 18th and 19th centuries provide only general details concerning the region illustrating just major roads and settlements. It is not until the 20th century that more accurate maps are published. The 1902 Mt Mitchell USGS topographic map is likely one of the first in which the project area can be located (Figure 6). This map plots a road similar to SR 2785 with a crossing over Cane Creek near the current bridge location. The map also illustrates no structures near the project area. Later maps such as the 1920 Buncombe County soil survey map continues to show the same road lay-out with no major changes (Figure 7). As a result of this review, it is very unlikely for significant deposits associated with former historic structures to be impacted during the proposed bridge replacement. The archaeological field investigation at Bridge No. 592 consisted of five STPs (see Figures 2 and 5). All STPs were placed either along the floodplain or stream terraces with two each in the northeast and southwest quadrants at 30-m intervals and only one in the southeast quadrant. No STPs were excavated on hillside slope in excess of 15 percent, and none were dug in the northwest quadrant due to disturbance from a wide ditch which occupied most of the project area in this section. STPs in the floodplain display a surface layer of very dark grayish brown (lOYR 3/2) loam that is approximately 10 cm (4 in) thick. It is followed by a dark yellowish brown (lOYR 4/4) loam that extends at least 50 cm (20 in) below the surface. A rock layer was encountered beneath this stratum which prevented further excavations. The stratigraphy along the stream terraces consists of an upper layer of yellowish brown (lOYR 5/4) loam approximately 30 cm (12 in) thick. Below this is subsoil, which is a strong brown (7.SYR 5/8) clay. No cultural material was identified at any of the STPs and attempts at a surface inspection fail due to poor visibility. Results of the field investigation suggest that it is very unlikely for a significant site to be impacted within project limits. This is mostly due to a lack of cultural material, but also to ground disturbance in the northwest quadrant and slope in excess of 15 percent in the southeast. The archaeological investigation for the proposed replacement of Bridge No. 592 is situated along the Cane Creek floodplain, its stream terraces, and an adjacent hillside slope in the southeast. The investigation suggests no significant archaeological sites are within the APE. The reconnaissance and field survey identified soil disturbance to the northwest and steep slope to the southeast, which are undesirable for intact or significant archaeological sites. Subsurface testing along the fairly level floodplain and stream terraces produced no cultural material. In addition, the historic map review suggests that no deposits associated with former structure are present as no historic features were identified within the project limits. As long as impacts to the subsurface occur within the defined APE, no further archaeological work is required for the replacement of Bridge No. 592 in Buncombe County. If construction should affect subsurface areas beyond the defined APE, additional archaeological consultation might be necessary. SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION See attached: Map(s), Previous Survey Info, Photos, Correspondence, Photocopy of notes from survey. Signed: � C. Damon Jones Cultural Resources Specialist, NCDOT "No Historic Properties Present" form for Minor Tansportation Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programmatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historic Architecture Groups 11/15/12 Date i z-i o-oo3a r " '� � y ���, . ' 1 r-. �.J ! � . ' � ' o `�,,, , . 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"No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups � 2-t o-oosa ,r � �{ - . � � �'� . � .r .� - ,��, , _ , , �• F� : - � �"' � � r � • 1 �� g • 1 ► , � _ ' � . '.� ' `. ' - `� ' �e�, _ . � . � �� -- , � '�'! �fn� � � � � ;�� . �,� �, "� � �d;,, p� � �`� , � w � , � ' �r s r 7 ` • ..1 � �i � � � � �. � - �� ,�`` � r � ` �.. I' . .�''� '�' .. �1, 1 � -� Bridge 592 �, * � � � �� "�'r ' �, � ' � Project Area �Red) �'� _°,,. a , "�,, .... �` `�'°.�i .� F� � i 1:�. , � y , 't � + y ._p � . � 1 � � i r � �1 ' � � V � - ' �. _` • �F � f L � . . :� �. ' _ " } ' � �`• 1�. �y� ��.I� .� '+�� .�1 .:tl..� "��f�y ,1, ;����. �,�.. � � � ` � - i . t ' ; � . � � �, _ . , �``�� � � � ' '+ � ..,, � y �I ; -�' ���� � M/ ,` ".'� 7� � �" `R : r�► ��"�� y, ` "� � � ,J1- �,• K ��, A� � �� �^ . � ^ � �,s�. `� • G•`r`�l.f �, .�+� r � , �� � 1 � `�•. ��Y � ..�. -�i - _ . � 1 `R � i� „� �, r � ` ��`�.� • , - ,,,, :: � � �_ �� 4 � f, r � � �� f� I ._ � f � , I^ Y ,� p I. r ;�- � ��. • �� T � ,�•-'f �'_ �:= ���. � STPs ,. ,' � �� � • � ',� �` ' "�' , .� , - � �'. 0 200 N Feet 0 50 �'•�4� F B1.lncombe County Meters � Figure 5. Aerial photograph of the APE showing development, soils, and STPs within the project area. "No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups % . .b.. .... ... ..... . �..<. .�.�"., ,..... ,..........,.. ....t...b..�t...... ....�t. �.........b �..., t....�....� ....,... Figure 7. The 1920 Buncombe Counry soil survey map showing the project area. "No Historrc Properfies PresenX" form,for Minor TransportaXion Projects as Qualified in the 2007 Programniatic Agreement. NCDOT Archaeology & Historrc Architecture Groups g