20060385 Ver 1_Restoration Plan_20060308

Forge Cove Lake
Stream Restoration Plan
Transylvania County, North Carolina
March 3, 2006
Prepared by:

Executive Summary
The Developers of Forge Cove, Paul Fletcher and Robert Johnson, propose
this restoration plan as an outline to remove existing pipe on-site and to
restore the stream channel and adjacent riparian buffer areas. All work will
take place on site using natural channel design techniques. Proposed activities
will occur at one location on site. The plan, as outlined within this document,
serves as guidance for the proposed restoration and will serve as partial
mitigation for dam construction on site.
Restoration will be:
• removal of 345' of pipe from Long Branch stream channel
o removal of rip-rap from both ends of pipe
• restoration of 985' of same stream channel accounting for road
crossings of current pipe and current structures on property altering
natural stream f low
• allow natural unabated stream flow through channel
• creation of aquatic habitat using rock and large woody debris
• stabilization of stream bank with fine grading, if necessary
o addition of topsoil as necessary
• re-vegetation of stream banks as riparian buffers
o temporary and permanent seeding schedule as shown below
o plant list shown below
The restoration of the area will have oversight by WNR, Inc. staff to ensure
proper techniques and success, and to propose alterations during the
restoration process if necessary. Restoration success will be measured in
terms of stream aquatic life and stream buffer plant survival.
Construction Plan and Specifications
The restoration process will begin with the removal of the pipe, rip rap, and
any other stream implements. Any structures that stand in the way of the
natural stream channel will be removed at this time as well. All attempts will
be made to recreate the channel and stream bank slopes and angles as they
were on the site prior to disturbance.
At this point we will begin to harvest on site materials to be used in the
restoration process. Materials such as topsoil, vegetation, and rock will be
harvested on site during other construction activities from areas of similar
slope and aspect.
On site, natural rock will be used in the restoration of natural aquatic habitat
in the stream channel. Large woody debris also harvested on site will be used
as an amendment to the stream channel to create natural aquatic habitat.
Once the stream is restored focus will move on to the stream banks. Topsoil
harvested on site will be added to the stream banks at a minimum depth of six
inches. No soil amendments (fertilizer) will be added in order to keep the
system as natural as possible and to prevent any excess nutrient runoff into
the stream. Fine grading will be used when necessary to recreate side slopes
and micro-topography will be used for soil stabilization and to minimize
runoff.
Planting Plan and Specifications
The slopes will be planted with the appropriate species once the construction
is complete in order to recreate the natural riparian buffers that were once
there. Rosebay Rhododendron will be planted densely along the stream
channel to provide shade, woody debris, and to mimic the natural system
present on site. Rosebay Rhododendron and Dog-Hobble will be planted at a
dense ratio toward the outer edge of the stream buffer to minimize re-
colonization by invasive exotic species and mimic natural conditions on the
site. (A listing of species is found below, additional species may be selected
as needed, due to availability and site need.)
In the rest of the area, trees and shrubs will be mixed and the planting
arrangement will be on 10 X 10 foot spacing, which will result in 436 stems per
acre. Tree shelters may be used to accelerate growth and increase
survivability.
All permanent vegetation will be harvested on site to ensure they are suitable
native species. During other construction, vegetation from similar slope and
aspect will be harvested. This vegetation will be properly excavated and
prepared for transport in order to minimize damage and ensure survivability.
These plants will then be planted in the riparian buffer zone. The objective
will be to mimic most of the natural buffer that is on site, which is mainly
composed of shrubs and trees. However, winter rye will be used initially as a
temporary planting to aid with soil stabilization.
Planting ?Ncfflcations
All areas between shrubs/trees will receive 3" of mulch. The contractor will
assure percolation of all planting beds/pits prior to installation. Large trees
will be anchored into the ground with a'Duckbill' Model No. 88-DTS-0 earth
anchors or approved equal. Evergreen trees will be anchored with three
2"x2"x8' evenly spaced stakes and tied with recycled tire tree ties as
manufactured by Grostrait or approved equal to promote a straight growth
pattern and prevent wind impacts.
Woody Vegetation
Rhododendron maximum
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Tsuga canadensis
Liriodendron tulipifera
Fagusgrandifolia
Acer rubrum
Quercus rubra
Rosebay Rhododendron
Dog-Hobble
Eastern Hemlock
Tuliptree
American Beech
Red Maple
Red Oak
Herbaceous Vegetation
4.

a
Plant Material Specifications
Bare Root or Container (Herbaceous):
The plants will either be ordered as bare root or in 1-quart containers.
Plants will be planted immediately upon delivery. Plants will be stored in
shade and kept moist otherwise. Once planted, the specimens shall
appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf discoloration,
chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on leaves or
stems.
Balled and Bagged (Woody Plants):
The size of the earthen ball shall at least meet the minimum
requirements in the American Standard for Nursery Stock (1980).
Where plants are to be planted in saturated soils, the bagged root ball
shall have a surface diameter that is at least 2 of the diameter of the
un-pruned drip-line and a depth that is at least 8" per 5' of tree/shrub
height. The hole for the tree/shrub will be the rootball diameter plus
12" around the outer edge. The crown of the rootball will be placed 1"
above finish grade.
Plants will be planted immediately upon delivery. If this does not occur,
plants shall be stored in shade and root balls kept moist through
periodic watering until the time of planting. Once growing, the plants
shall appear healthy with no leaf spots, leaf damage, leaf discoloration,
chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence of insects on leaves.
Container (Woody Plants):
The soil within the root ball shall be field capacity (1/3 atmosphere) or
wetter upon delivery to the job site. Any wilted, dry and/or
lightweight plants shall be rejected. Plants shall be planted
immediately upon delivery. If not then they must be stored in shade
and root balls kept moist through periodic watering until time of
planting.
The shrub species will be either 2' to Tor T to 4' in height. The tree
species will be 8' to 10' for the Red Maples and 7 minimum for the
Willow and Sycamores. Soil and root masses must at least meet the
minimum required container size. If soil/root masses are substantially
smaller, soil around the root mass is loose, indicating the plant has not
been in the container long enough to root itself, it shall be rejected.
If growing, plants shall appear healthy with, no leaf spots, leaf damage,
leaf discoloration, chlorosis, leaf wilting or curling, or evidence,of
insects on leaves.
For trees and shrubs, where spiraling woody roots exist on the outside
f the soil/root mass upon the removal of plants from the containers,
the landscape contractor shall separate (cutting where necessary) and
spread them out prior to planting.
Fertilization
Woody Vegetation-
Fall/Winter plantings-Use Osmocote 18-5-11, twelve to fourteen month
release fertilizer, to be placed in hole or in soil fill/amendment mix at
planting. Use grams (1 ounce) per 1-quart container, 90 grams (3 ounce)
per 1-gallon container (30 grams per each additional gallon). Use 15
grams (1 ounce) per un-rooted cutting for willow whips (if used).
Soil Amendments:
Soil amendments are required around tree and shrub plantings. The
amendments used should be leaf or pine bark compost at rates of one
part compost to one part soil (from planting hole). Fertilizer should be
mixed in with soil amendment mix. No surface mulch is required where
plants are planted at or near original grade, unless tree shelters are
used to promote growth and survival percentage. A 6" soil berm will be
constructed 12" from the outer edge of the rootbalI to hold water.

Potential Sources For Plant Material
Herbaceous Material:
Niche Gardens [phone]
1111 Dawson Road
Chapel Hill, NC 27516
We-Du Nurseries [phone]
Rt. 5, Box 724
Marion, NC 28752
Shrub Material:
Campbell's Nursery [phone]
2816 Campbell Road
Raleigh, NC 27606
Cure Nursery [phone]
880 Buteo Road
Pittsboro, NC 27312
Fern Valley Farms [phone]
1624 Fern Valley Farm Road
Yadkinville, NC 27055
Tree Material:
NC Division of Forest Resources [phone]
Edwards Nursery
701 Sanford Drive
Morganton, NC 28655
Tree Shelters:
Treessentials Company [phone]
2371 Waters Drive
Mendota Heights, MN 55120-1163
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Forge Cove
Stream Restoration
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Page 1 of 1
Subj: Aquatic 10+Data analysis
Date: 11/11!2005 10:47:11 A.M. Eastern Standard Time
From: Ir;ul rC--- !_-,- ?UiwP..'=D-1 U,
To: WIN,R oc"'cC!.Ccrn, 11:`1Qi=a G0i.7T, ? N! - '?
Dear Ms. Robertson,
Attached are the data sheets for the 11 samples that I identified and analyzed.
Based on North Carolina Division of Water Quality bioassesment criteria, most sites were shown to have EPT
taxa scores of 7-19 and this range was categorized as Poor (sites 2, 3, 7 and 11), Fair (sites 1, 5, 6, 9 and 10),
and Good-Fair (sites 4 and 8).
All sites were shown to have Biotic Index scores of 1.4-2.4 and this range was categorized as Excellent.
Drunella conestee (Ephemeroptera), Parapsyche cardis, Psilotreta frontalis, and Rhyacophda nigrita (Trichoptera)
are mayfly and caddisfly species for which the tolerance values indicate that these are extremely sensitive
organisms; they were found at sites 4, 8 and 11.
The % abundance of Chironomid larvae at most sites was 0%, which is Excellent; however, sites 1, 6, and 10 had
more than 1.4% Chironomidae, suggesting little bit problems.
As a result, most of your sites were shown to have NC Biocriteria Scores ranging from 3.0-3.5. Streams with
Biocriteria Scores in this range are categorized as "Good-Fair."
I hope this is the kind of information that you can use. If you need more details or other information, please ask!
For purposes of compensation for my work, I spent 3 hours more for the data analysis.
Sincerely,
Junmi Hur
Ph. D candidate
Dept.of Entomology, Soils & Plant Sciences
Clemson University
114 Long Hail, Box 340315
Clemson, SC 29634-0315
Tel. [phone]
email: [e-mail]
Friday, November 11, 2005 America Online: WNRINC
JAN-31-2006 TUE 03:31 PM FLETCHER MANAGEMENT 00 FAX NO. 9042854157
WNI
Gansu tents, at ral Resource
DeparOcnent of ttie Army
Wl{mingm Dis cl1 corps of Erb
AM: Ken Jolley, Chief Regulatztry Division
PO Eklx 1090
Wllminoon, North Carolina 2f3g42'St
-and-
NC DMdon of Walter QualltV
Attn: Cyndl Km*
2321 CII&M Blvd-
lsilleigh, Worth CaroArm 276W2260
P. 02

1, the current lar* mer of the MV M iderMed bow, hereby autftarW WWand and Natural
to
Rewffm COnsylt r Im to ad an my bmW the US ? Dreg my apt du" ft pvcmrJng Of P4mb ed by the Goan Wdff Act and ft
Impact
Impact wetlantr and Waters Rivers and HIVI O S Ate.
Federal and S ago* are authorized to be on said property when oc companied by Wind
and Natural Rwxmce Qxwjbrft? W. staff.
Wet{altd and Nat>< W Regotm oxmAtm*j, kr. is and of the ONO or QpWoerf al
mT?arrnaaon neaded for permit: ptoceon9 at the request
property Owner of RWW'
'
Address: -rho, l'` e ri 3 62s y
Address:
Addr a ks v' )) 2STa
Phorm Number. o? 2.8 5 ~ (o
Property L= don:
owners Sgnature: V'1 asp Poevap,
Bate: ~' . 4
Uxam Umn Pty Boot 224
PO Box am rmrmc=m Nermn Nc 28m
cmmj, Nc 29716 8284"4M
020 448. OI 92t 4waoso ft
82&648 fax 1
APPLICATION FOR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERMIT
(33 CFR 325) OMB APPROVAL NO. 0710-003
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
Searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send
comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to
Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service Directorate of Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite
1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0710-003), Washington, DC 20503.
Please DO NOT RETURN your form to either of those addresses. Completed applications must be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction
over the location of the proposed activity.
PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT
Authority: 33 USC 401, Section 10; 1413, Section 404. Principal Purpose: These laws require permits authorizing activities in, or affecting, navigable
waters of the United States; the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, and the transportation of dredged material for the
purpose of dumping it into ocean waters. Routine uses: Information provided on this form will be used in evaluating the application for a permit.
Disclosure: Disclosure of requested information is voluntary. If information is not provided, however, the permit application cannot be processed nor
can a permit be issued.
One set of original drawings or good reproducible copies which show the location and character of the proposed activity must be attached to this
application (see sample drawings and instructions) and be submitted to the District Engineer having jurisdiction over the proposed activity. An
application that is not completed in full will be returned.
(ITEMS 1 THRU 4 TO BE FILLED BY THE CORPS)
1. APPLICATION NO. 2. FIELD OFFICE CODE 3. DATE RECEIVED 4. DATE APPLICATION COMPLETED
(ITEMS BELOW TO BE FILLED BY APPLICANT)
5. APPLICANT'S NAME 8. AUTHORIZED AGENT'S NAME & TITLE (an agent is not required)
Fletcher Management Company, Robert Johnson Jennifer Robertson, President
6. APPLICANT'S ADDRESS 9. AGENT'S ADDRESS
1548 The Greens Way, Suite 4 P.O. Box 882
Jacksonville, Florida 32250 Canton, NC 28716
7. APPLICANT'S PHONE NUMBERS WITH AREA CODE 10. AGENT'S PHONE NUMBERS WITH AREA CODE
a. Residence 904-704-3405 a. Residence 828-712-9205
b. Business 904-285-6921 b. Business 828-648-8801
11. STATEMENT OF AUTHORIZATION
I hereby authorize Jennifer Robertson to act in my behalf as my agent in the processing of this
application and to furnish, upon request, supplemental information in support of this permit application.
See Agent Authorization Fore
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE DATE
NAME, LOCATION, AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT OR ACTIVITY
12. PROJECT NAME OR TITLE (see instructions)
Forge Cave Lake
13. NAME OF WATERBODY, IF KNOWN (if applicable) 14. PROJECT STREET ADDRESS (if applicable)
Osborne Branch Sutton Creek Road
Brevard, NC

15. LOCATION OF PROJECT

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Transylvania NC r,-.3 @
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COUNTY STATE Z
16. OTHER LOCATION DESCRIPTIONS, IF KNOWN (see instructions)
Tax Pins: 9509-33-7673-000, 9509-40-4384-000, and 9508-59-1007-000
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17. DIRECTIONS TO THE SITE
From Asheville off 1-40 merge onto 1-26 E/US-74 E via Exit 46A toward Hendersonville/Spartanburg, Go 9.2 miles, Take the
NC 280 exit #40 toward Asheville Regional Airport/Arden, At traffic light take right onto NC 280, Foilcw i\lC 280 VV for 12.5
miles, Turn right onto Sutton Creek Road, Go 0.3 miles and turn right into property at hairpin turn.
ENG FORM 4345 - ONLINE CESPK-CO-R
18. NATURE OF ACTIVITY (Description of project, include all features)
This site will be developed as a planned community with a 27 acre amenity lake that will support a reproducing population of
brook trout.
19. PROJECT PURPOSE (Describe the reason or purpose of the project, see instructions)
The project will provide housing opportunities to the surrounding area and will provide an increased tax base to the county.
Impacts are necessary to construct the 27 acre lake.
USE BLOCKS 20-22 IF DREDGED AND/OR FILL MATERIAL IS TO BE DISCHARGED
20. REASON(S) FOR DISCHARGE
Construction of Dam.
21. TYPE(S) OF MATERIAL BEING DISCHARGED AND THE AMOUNT OF EACH TYPE IN CUBIC YARDS
Pipe and Rip-Rap will be placed within stream. Earthen fill will be placed above pipe. 1271382 (riffle/pool) for pipe and 21/62
(riffle/pool) for rip-rap.
22. SURFACE AREA IN ACRES OF WETLANDS OR OTHER WATERS FILLED (see instructions)
Estimated to be 0.65 acres of streams piped/rip-rapped for dam and flooded.
23. IS ANY PORTION OF THE WORK ALREADY COMPLETE? YES 0 NO IF YES, DESCRIBE THE WORK
24. ADDRESSES OF ADJOINING PROPERTY OWNERS, LESSEES, ETC. WHOSE PROPERTY ADJOINS THE WATERBODY (if more than
can be entered here, please attach a supplemental list)
See Attached List
25. LIST OF OTHER CERTIFICATIONS OR APPROVALS/DENIALS RECEIVED FROM OTHER FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL AGENCIES
FOR WORK DESCRIBED IN THIS APPLICATION
AGENCY TYPE APPROVAL* IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DATE APPLIED DATE APPROVED DATE DENIED
* Would include but is not restricted to zoning, building and flood lain permits.
26. Application is hereby made for a permit or permits to authorize the work described in this application. I certify that the information
in this application is complete and accurate. I further certify that 1 possess the authority to undertake the work described herein or am
acting as the duly authorized agent of the applicant.
3-(P-00
71-7
SI A RE OF AGENT DATE
SIGNATURE OF APPLICANT RATE
The application must be signed by the person who desires to undertake the proposed activity (applicant) or it may be signed by a duly
authorized agent if the statement in block 11 has been filled out and signed.
18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides that: Whoever, in any manner within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United
States knowingly and will fully falsifies, conceals, or covers up any trick, scheme, or disguises a material fact or makes any false,
facticious, or fraudulent statements or representations or makes or uses any false writing or document knowing same to contain any
false, fictitious or fraudulent statements or entry, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than five years or both.
ENG FORM 4345 - ONLINE CESPK-CO-R
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Name: PISGAH FOREST Location: 035.3011179° N 082.6752691° W
Date: 12/15/2005 Caption: Forge Cove
Scale: 1 inch equals 4000 feet Transylvania County, NC

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Date: 12/15/2005 Caption: Forge Cove
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DISCLAIMER: The information contained on this page is NOT to be construed or used as a "legal
description". Map information is believed to be accurate but accuracy is not guaranteed.
http:/twww.webgis.net Anderson & Associates, Inc. http:Uwww.andassoc.com
Transylvania County, NC
MpR g, 2006
DENK vVMi tFC wUrt ; i Y
WETLANDS AND STORtdWATER BRANCH
DISCLAIMER: The information contained on this page is NOT to be construed or used as a "legal
description". Map information is believed to be accurate but accuracy is not guaranteed.
http://www.webgis.net Anderson & Associates, Inc. http://www.andassoc.com
Forge Cove
Transylvania County, NC
PIN numbers:
1. 9509-33-7673-000
2. 9509-40-4384-000
3. 9508-59-1007-000
WebGIS.net
quicksearch Transylvania County, North Carolina
Parcels: Record Details
Pin: 9509-33-7673-000
Owner Name: WINCHESTER ALAN W ET AL
Address: 8520 VALLEY BROOK DR
City: RALEIGH
State: NC
Zip: 27612-1127
County ID: T451 00001 01
Fire District: FR09
Use Code: 0120
Sale Date: 200305
Sale Price: 0
Num. Units: 353.36
Unit Type: AC
Township: 01
Deed Book: 00162
Deed Page: 0272
Sale Inst: QC
Sale Imp: V
Zoning:
Land Value: 1113080
Bldg Value: 0
Year Built: 0
XFOB Value: 0
Assessed Value: 87630
Legal Address: NW OF 1362
Disclaimer:
The information contained on this site is furnished by
government and private industry sources and is
believed to be accurate but accuracy is not
guaranteed. Mapping information is a representation
of various data sources and is not a subsitute for
information that would result from an accurate land
survey. The information contained hereon does not
replace information that may be obtained by
consulting the information's official source. In no
event shall Transylvania County, NC or the
consultants of Transylvania County, NC be liable for
any damages, direct or consequential, from the use
of the information contained on this site.
The WebGIS.net logo is a Registered Trademark of Anderson & Associates, Inc.
This site is best viewed in a modern browser that supports web standards.
Questions, comments or problems? Contact WebGIS Technical Support.

MAR 9 200
L LR: Ii't - VVA{ ER QU,r,
WE f LANDS AND STORUWATER' t ;; Nvvff
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quicksearch
Transylvania County, North Carolina
Parcels: Record Details
Pin:
Owner Name:
Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
County ID:
Fire District:
Use Code:
Sale Date:
Sale Price:
Num. Units:
Unit Type:
Township:
Deed Book:
Deed Page:
Sale Inst:
Sale Imp:
Zoning:
Land Value:
Bldg Value:
Year Built:
XFOB Value:
Assessed Value:
Legal Address:
9509-40-4384-000
JONES RICHARD E
P O BOX 1153
BREVARD
NC
28712
T452 00023 01
FR09
0120
200503
0
61.49
AC
01
00277
0144
CD
I
510370
76490
1963
13100
123330
SR 1362
Disclaimer:
The information contained on this site is furnished by
government and private industry sources and is
believed to be accurate but accuracy is not
guaranteed. Mapping information is a representation
of various data sources and is not a subsitute for
information that would result from an accurate land
survey. The information contained hereon does not
replace information that may be obtained by
consulting the information's official source. In no
event shall Transylvania County, NC or the
consultants of Transylvania County, NC be liable for
any damages, direct or consequential, from the use
of the information contained on this site.
The WebGIS.net logo is a Registered Trademark of Anderson & Associates, Inc.
This site is best viewed in a modern browser that supports web standards.
Questions, comments or problems? Contact WebGIS Technical Support.
WebGIS.net
quicksearch Transylvania County, North Carolina
Parcels: Record Details
Pin: 9508-59-1007-000
Owner Name: CLARK JAMES WALTER
Address: 17 DEERWOODE LN
City: BREVARD
State: NC
Zip: 28712
County ID: T452 00022 01
Fire District: FR09
Use Code: 0120
Safe Date:
Sale Price: 0
Num. Units: 2.80
Unit Type: AC
Township: 01
Deed Book:
Deed Page:
Sale Inst:
Sale Imp:
Zoning:
Land Value: 26600
Bldg Value: 0
Year Built: 0
XFOB Value: 0
Assessed Value: 26600
Legal Address: S R 1362
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9508.02
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irections to Fors Cove Pro eM
From Asheville off of I-40, merge onto I-26 ENS -74 E via
Exit 46A toward Hendersonville/Spartanburg.
® Go 9.2 miles.
® Take the NC-280 exit #40 toward Asheville Regional
Tolerance Values
Tolerance values were taken from NCDWQ Master fist of Bentbic Macroinvertebrates
'laxa without values were not used in calculation of the biotic index
Funtional Feeding Designations
PA Parasite CF Collectorifilter
PR Predator SC Scraper
OM Omnivore SH Shredder
CG Collector/gatherer PI Piercer
HabitiBehavior Designations
cn clinger sw swimmer
cb climber dv diver
sp sprawier sk skater
bu burrower
semi agaubc, taxa not used in final evaluation results

Tolerance
Values Functional
Feeding
Designations Habitt
Behavior
Designations

9

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Crustacea
Order Decapoda
s. 1 1
Cambaridas
Cambarus . 7.6 CG 1 9
Class Ott ochasta
sp. 1

Class Insecta
Order Collembola
Entomo idae
s p. CG s 4

Order E hemerora
Baetidae
eaetis s p. CG sw 1 3 4

E hemerelfidae
E io hells . CG cnisp 1
Drunelta conestee 0 SC cnt 2 2 9

H eniidae
E rus dispar 1 CG cn 2
Epecrus sp. 1.3 CG cn 1
Stenonema carisoni 2.1 CG cn 1
Stenonsma terminatum 4.1 CG cn 9 1 6 3 2 9 5 3 11 12 10
Stenonema s. CG cn 4 6 7 2 4 3

Le to hlebiidae
Para) to lebia sp. 0.9 CG sw 1
sp. CG sw 1 3

Ison iidas
I is . 3.5 CF sw 1 1 13 5 10 8

Order Odonato
Cordul tridae
Cordul asters . 5.7 PR bu 1 2 1 3 1 12 1 8

Gom hidae
Lanthus s. 1.8 PR bu 1 3 3 5 1 5 5 9 1 8
s p. PR bu 1

Order Pleco tera
Pterona idae
Pterona s p. 1.7 SH cn I 3 1

Peito idae
Tall eria s p. 1.2 SH an 14 2 21 15 9 47 3 69 41 i 57 69

Pertodidae
Madirekus hastatus 1.2 PR cn 3 1 1
Yu us s p. 0 PR cn 2 1
s. PR cn 9 6 1 19 7 16 11
t
Leuctridae

Leuctra sp.
2.5
SH
s
6
4 G 3
96
15
3

4

4

10

Nemouridae
Am hinemura s p. 3.3 SH 5

Perlidae
Acroneuria abnormis 2.1 PR cn 3
Acroneuria arenose 2.3 PR cn 4
Acroneuria s p. PR cn 1 1 2
Ecao tuna xanthenes 3.7 PR cn 2 2 2 2 2
sp. PR cn 9 1 4 1 1 2

Order Megalopetra
Corydalidae
Ni nia fasciatus 5.6 PR an 2 1 1 2 1 1
Ni nia s p. PR cn 1

Order TrIchoptera
Sericostomatidae
Fatti is ele 0.9 SH (?) s ? 2 1

Philo otamidae
Wonnaldia s p. 0.7 FC cn 1 2
Dolo hilodes s p. 0.8 FC on 1 4 1

Glossosomatidae
Glossosoma s. 1.6 Sc I cn 2 2 9

Le idostomatidae
Le idostoms s. SH cb 3 1 1 1 1 2 1

Limns hildae
sp. SH cb 1

H romchidae
Diplectrona modesta
2.2
FC
cn
12
11
11
16
21
16
21
34
49
16
26
Paraps the cardis 0 FC en 11 9 1

Ps chom iidae
Lype diverse 4.1 SC cn 1

Odontoceridae
Psilotreta frontalis 0 SC sp 1 1 2

Rh acophilidae
Rhyacophila fuscula 1.9 PR cn 4 1
Rh co hila ni rita 0 PR cn 1 9

Order L ido tera
Crambidae
Crambus s p. SH bu 1

Order Coleo tera
Ps henidae
Edo ria . Sc cn 2

Order Di tera
Chironomidne
Micro sedra s p. 1.5 GC cb 1
Parametriocnemus s p. GC sp 2
Pol dilum avice s 3.7 SH cb 9
PI ittia fimbriatta 1
s. 2

Dixidae
Dixa s p. 2.6 GC sw 1 9

Ti ulidae
Hexatoma s p. 4.3 PR bu 3 1 1
Limno hila s p. PR bu 1
Ti ula s. 7.3 SH bu 1 5 9 1 2 1 4
Pedicia s p. PR bu 1

Simuliidae
Simulium s. 6 FC en 1 3

Total 70 , 38 , 63 106 70 139 148

g
Site Number

Biotic index - Mountain
score 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.4 2. 1.9 8 2.2 1.8
>7.0 = Poor value E E E E E E E E E E E
5.75-7.00 = Fair 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4.895.74 = Good-Fair
4.064.88 = Good
<4.05 = Excellent
EPT Taxa - Mountain
score 12 8 7 19 12 13 8 19 12 14 9
0-10 = Poor value F P P G-F F F P G-F F F P
-11-18=Fair 1.6 1 1 2 1.6 1.6 1 2 1.6 2 1
19-27 = Good-Fair
Iaat = r-.,...r
>35 = Excellet

Final Bloclassification
score 3.3 3 3 U 3.3 3.3 3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3
Bfocriteria -Mountain value G-F G-F G-F G-F G-F G4F G-F G-F G-F G-F G-F
1 = Poor
2 = Fair
3 = Good-Fair
4 - Good
5 = Excellent

ategory

etric

efinition Predicted
response to
increasing
erhwbadon

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1
Richness
measure Total No. taxa Measures the overall variety of the
macroinvertebrete assemblage Decrease 18 18 12 22 16 18 12 26 16 19 12
No. EPT taxa Number of twm in the insect orders
Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Decrease 12 8 7 19 12 13 8 19 12 14 9
and Trich tera caddisfl'ies
No. Ephemeroptera taxa Number of mayfly texe (usually genus or species
level Decrease 4 1 2 6 4 4 2 6 2 3 2
No. Plecoptera taxa Number of stonefly taxa (usually genus or species
level Decrease 4 3 4 7 6 6 4 7 7 4 5
No. Trichoptera taxa Number of caddisfly taxa (usually genus or species
level Decrease 4 4 1 6 2 3 2 6 3 7 2
No. Diptera taxa Number of "true" taxa which includes midges Decrease 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 0
No. Chironomidae taxa Number of taxe of chironomid (midge) larva Decrease 2 1 2
--
No. Pteronarcys sp. The presence or absence of a Ion ived atonally Decrease 1 1
genus 23 year life cycle)
Total No. Individuals Measures the overall abundance of o isms identifi Variable? 70 38 63 106 70 139 58 202 139 133 148
Composition
measures % EPT Percent of the composition of mayfly, stonef y,
and caddisfllarvae Decrease 91 61 81 91 81 82 84 Si 88 87 89
% E hemeroptera Percentage of mayfly nymphs Decrease 17 2.6 11 13 14 23 12 9.9 15 17 7.4
% P era
% Tricho era Percentage of stoned nymphs
Percentage of caddisfl larvae Decrease
Decrease 49
26 18
39 52
17 47
31 33
36 55
13 34
38 50
24 42
38 59
17 63
18
% Di tern Percent of all "true" fl larvae increase 5.7 13 11 2.8 13 2.2 13.4 1 4 2.9 3 0
% Chironomidea Percent of mid a larva Increase 2.9 0 0 0 0 1.4 0 0 0 2.3 0
% Corbicula Percent of asistic clam in the benthic assemble Increase 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
% Oli ochaeta Percent of aquatic worms Variable 0 2.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

i
Osborne Branch Brook -trout Survey
Mike LaVoie and Charles Lawson
Western Carolina University
Department of Biology
132 (Natural Science Building
Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
Methods and Site Descriptions:
Brook trout were sampled from Osborne Branch and its tributaries (Pisgah Forest Quad)
on 1011105 and 10/2/05 with a backpack electro-fishing unit in order to determine their
distribution throughout the watershed. Relative abundance estimates were also obtained
from a single electro-fishing pass of four 100 meter reaches in the main stem of Osborne
Branch. Site 1 consisted of a 100 meter reach beginning 1.3 meters downstream of flag
C7. Site 2 consisted of a 100 meter reach ending at flag C-32. Site 3 consisted of a 100
meter reach ending at the confluence of the mainstem (C) and tributary H. Site 4
consisted of a 100 meter reach ending at flag l Of3. The wetted stream area sampled was
calculated at each site in order to estimate brook trout densities. Water temperature,
conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were measured with a YSI meter at six main-stem
sites and nine tributary sites within the Osborne Branch watershed.
Results and Discussion:
Brook trout were the only fish found throughout the main stem (C) of Osborne Branch.
Their range ended 3.7 meters downstream of flag C-105. No brook trout were found in
any of the tributaries throughout the Osborne Branch watershed. Their absence is
attributed to low water conditions and the lack of suitable habitat. Brook trout may
utilize these tributaries on a seasonal basis when conditions permit.
A total of 42 brook trout were collected from the four 100 meter Osborne Branch
sampling sites. These samples consisted of 29 (69%) adult and juvenile brook trout and
13 (31 %) age-0 brook trout (Table 2). The presence of multiple year classes suggests a
robust self sustaining population. (Mean density of brook trout in Osborne Branch was
estimated as .041 fish / e of wetted stream. It must be stated that these abundance
estimates (Table 2), obtained from a single pass without barriers to immigration and
emigration, are conservative and not an accurate estimate of population size. In order to
obtain an accurate measure of population size a more intensive sampling procedure, such
as a three-pass depletion estimate, would be required.
The mean temperature of Osborne Branch and its tributaries on 10101105 and 10/02/05
was 14.3 °C (Table 1). Mean dissolved oxygen and conductivity was 7.56 mg/I, and 9.2
microSiemens respectively (Table 1).
Table 1: Osborne Branch water quality data
Site Date and Time Temperature Dissolved Conductivity
Collected (°C) Oxygen (mg/L) (microSiemens)
C-14 (Site 1) 10/1/2005 - 10:58 13.5 6.66 10.6
C-40 (Site 2) 10/1/2005 -14:34 14.4 7.65 10.8
C-65 (Site 3) 10/2/2005 -10:39 14.2 7.73 7.1
C-85 (Site 4) 10/2/2005 -13:45 14.3 8.01 11.3
C-104 (Last bt found) 10/2/2005 -15:20 14.4 7.89 10.1
C-142 10/2/2005 -15:05 14.5 7.54 11.4
S-7 10/1/2005 -12:55 15.8 7.47 10.1
F-14 10/1/2005 -14:50 14.5 7.68 10.1
G-40 10/1/2005 - 16:14 14.7 7.31 8.7
G-16 10/1/2005 - 18:02 13.6 7.74 8.2
3G-1 10/1/2005 -17:55. 14 6.68 9.7
H tributary 10/2/2005 -10:50 13.6 7.74 7.1
51 tributary 10/2/2005 -14:06 14.1 7.63 10.8
J tributary 10/2/2005 -15:48 15.1 7.77 2.2
K tributary 10/2/2005 -16:20 14 7.83 9.6
Mean: 14.3 7.56 9.2
Table 2: Osborne Branch Brook Trout population estimates for four 100 meter reaches
site Wetted Area Adult and Juvenile Adult and Juvenile Young of the Year Young of the Year
Area (ma) Total (# of fish) Density (# of fish/m2) Total (# of fish) Density (# of fish/ma)
1 376 14 0.037 4 0.011
2 231 4 0.017 2 0.009
3 214 6 0.028 3 0.014
4 202 5 0.024 4 0.02
Mean: 256 7 0.027 3 0.014
Osborne Branch Brook "rout Survey (addendum)
Mike LaVoie and Wes Corneilson
Department of Biology
932 Natural Science Building
Western Carolina University
Cullowhee, North Carolina 28723
Methods:
Brook trout were sampled from the lower main stem (C) of Osborne Branch and two
small tributaries (Pisgah Forest Quad.) on 11/2/05 with a backpack electro-fishing unit in
order to determine their distribution.
Results and Discussion:
Brook trout were the only fish found throughout the remainder of the main stem (C) of
Osborne Branch. 'heir range extended to the property boundary. No brook trout were
found in the two tributaries sampled below the proposed dam site. Their absence is
attributed to low water conditions and the lack of suitable habitat. Approximately 150
meters of stream was sampled downstream of the property line. Brook trout were the
only fish present in this reach. Additionally, no significant barriers to upstream migration
were found in this section of the stream.
Brook. Trout Genetics Report for
Osbourne Branch, Transylvania County, North Carolina
Prepared by:
Dike LaVoie and
Wes Cornelison
Blue Ridge Fisheries
1198 Walker Road
Waynesville, NC 28786
828-400-4163
Introduction
The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis is the only salmonid species native to the
southern Appalachian Mountains (Ding 1937; Lennon 1967). Its original range in streams
and rivers extended from about 2,000 feet elevation, upstream to the headwaters (Lennon
1967). Following the turn of the 20th century, the brook trout's original range became
significantly reduced resulting in wild populations now being restricted to headwater
streams. The reduction in range can be attributed to a number of environmental
disturbances associated with logging, road and railroad construction, frequent fires, and
harmful fishing practices. In addition, state and federal agencies, as well as private
companies, initiated stream stocking programs to supplement the sport fishery with two
exotic salmonid species: rainbow trout ®nchorynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo
truua. These stream supplementation programs also included the stocking of hatchery-
reared brook trout from the northeastern United States, specifically Bellefonte,
Pennsylvania and Berlin, New Hampshire fish hatchery's (McCracken et al. 1993).
Attempts to culture native southern brook trout in local hatcheries were unsuccessful (PF
Galbreath, personal communication). To an undetermined extent, these hatchery-derived
fish have established populations or interbred with wild brook trout in southern
Appalachian streams (Lennon 1967; Kreigler et al. 1995).
Decent research, however, indicates that brook trout native to the southern
Appalachians represent a distinct meta-population or strain relative to populations from
the northern portion of its range. Fishery managers and fisherman have long suspected
phylogenetic differences to exist between northern hatchery-derived brook trout and
brook trout native to the southern Appalachians (King 1937; Lenon 1967; Stoneking et al.
1981). Local lore suggests the term "speckled" trout originated from local anglers
differentiating native from stocked brook trout. Lennon (1967) found that New England
strain brook trout were less hardy than the native southern Appalachian strain in softer
waters. He identified specific differences among the southern Appalachian and northern
Appalachian brook trout including size, age, fecundity and morphology and concluded
the two strains were different at either a specific or sub-specific level.
The development of protein electrophoresis in the late 1960's and early 1970's
gave scientists and researchers a diagnostic tool for strain differentiation within a species.
Protein electrophoretic studies demonstrated that native southern Appalachian and
northern hatchery-derived wild populations of brook trout are fixed for alternative alleles
at the creatine kinase A2* (CK-A2*) locus and show significant allele frequency
heterogeneity between strains at an additional 10 of 11 polymorphic loci (Stoneking et al
1981; McCracken et al 1993; Kreigler et al. 1995; Guffey 1998). The differences
observed in these studies are indicative of a substantial divergence within the species and
are of a magnitude consistent with sub-specific differentiation recognized among other
salmonids (Stoneking et al. 1981; McCracken et al 1993; Kriegler et al. 1995; Guffey
1998). Results of this research have identified wild brook trout populations as being: 1)
unaltered native southern Appalachian brook trout versus 2) purely northern-hatchery
derived origin or 3) mixed genetic origin, the result of interbreeding between the two
strains (McCraken et al. 1993; Guffey 1998).
Methods
On October 4th, 2005, 20 brook trout were collected from Osbourne Branch,
Transylvania County, NO between flag C-7 and the confluence of C and tributary F using
backpack electroshockers. Two samples of dorsal muscle tissue were collected non-
lethally using a 18-gauge Monopty Biopsy Instrument (C.R. Bard, Inc., Covington,
Georgia). For each site, therefore, two sample sets. , were obtained, one for initial
laboratory analysis and a second for re-analysis if necessary. Tissues were placed in
separate labeled microcentrifuge tubes, frozen over dry ice, transported to Western
Carolina University (WCU), and stored at -70° C in an ultra-cold freezer..
Samples were later thawed and analyzed by cellulose acetate gel protein
electrophoresis for the creatine kinase enzyme according to those procedures described
by Hebert and Beaton (1993). Nomenclature was from that of Stoneking et al. (1981) and
McCracken et al. (1993). All enzymes were electrophoresed in tris-glycine buffer
adjusted to pH 8.0 - 8.2 and run times were 25-minutes per 10 fish. Optimal resolution
was obtained after the boundary had migrated about 5 cm beyond on the origin. Specific
staining procedures for CIS activity followed those described by Duffey (1998). The CIS
allele was assigned numbers (100,78) reflecting its relative mobility (distance traveled on
the gel) with the largest number indicating the furthest migration on the gel. Allele
frequencies were calculated for the CIS-A2 locus based on the number of resolved
samples within each sample set. Genetic origin determinations were based on allele
frequencies for creatine kinase: 100% CIS-A2* 100 = native Southern Appalachian strain,
100% CK-A2*78 = northern hatchery-derived strain, and presence of both CK-A2*100
and CK-A2*78 = mixed genetic origin.
Results
Our results indicate the southern CK 100/100 allele is present in the population
however, hybridization has occurred between northern and southern strain brook trout
resulting in a population containing both homozygous (100/100) and heterozygous
(78/100) individuals (Tables 1 and 2). Six individuals were of southern origin, and the
retraining fourteen were of mixed genetic origin. No pure northern fish were present in
the population.
Table 1. Electrophoresis results for the CK-A2 locus for fish 1-10 and 1 known standard (4).
CK 1 2 3 4* 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
100 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
78 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Table 2. Electrophoresis results for the CK-A2 locus for fish 11-20 and 1 known standard (17).
CK 11 12 13 14 15 16 17* 18 19 20 21

100 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1

78 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
* Known northern brook trout standard.
The allele frequencies of the prescribed allele among the 20 individuals collected were
determined to be:
CK100: 0.65
CK 78: 0.35
This is simply the proportion of all alleles at the CK-A2 locus that are of the prescribed
type: 100, 78 (numbers reflect relative mobility).
Discussion
Given previous levels of stocking and transplantation and the relatively long
history of human habitation in this region, there was concern that native southern
Appalachian brook trout allele might not be present in Osbourn Branch. The frequency
of the CK 1001100 allele in this population (65%) is consistent with similar studies
performed here in southern Appalachia (Kreigler 1995;Guffey 1990. These population
genetic studies have shown that the majority of wild brook trout populations in western
North Carolina are descendents from mixed stocks and the genetic composition of many
of these mixed populations is predominantly the CK-A2* 100 allele. This high degree of
establishment of the native southern Appalachian CK-A2* 100 allele indicates a large
portion of wild brook trout populations in North Carolina are entirely or predominantly
descended from native stocks.
In an effort to preserve rare alleles, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources
Commission (NCWRC) is currently creating a trout species distribution database for
western North Carolina to determine the genetic origin of all wild brook trout
populations. The information from this study is valuable in the sense that large gaps still
exists for trout species distribution on private lands in western North Carolina. Filling
these gaps will give fishery managers the information they need to properly manage
southern Appalachian brook trout.
Literature Cited
Bivens RD, Strange RJ, Peterson DC. 1985. Current distribution of the native brook
trout in the Appalachian region. Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of
Science 60:101-105.
Flebbe PA. 1994. A regional view of the margin: salmonid abundance and distribution
in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina and Virginia.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:657-667.
Guffey SZ. 1998. A population genetics study of Southern Appalachian brook trout.
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
Kelley GA, Griffith JS, Jones RD. 1980. Changes in the distribution of trout in the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park. 1900-1977. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Technical Paper 102. U.S. Department of the Interior. Washington, D.C.
King W. 1937. Notes on the distribution of native speckled and rainbow trout in the
streams at Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Jowl of the Tennessee
Academy of Science 12:351-361.
Kreigler FJ, McCracken GF, Flabera JW, Strange RJ. 1995. Genetic characterization of
Tennessee brook trout populations and associated management implications.
North America Journal of Fisheries Management 15:804-813.
Kmeger CC, May B. 1991. Ecological and genetic effects of salmonid introductions in
North America. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48: 66-77.
Lennon RE. 1967. Brook Trout of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. U.S.
Bureau of Sport Fish Technical Paper 15. Department of the Interior, Washington,
D.C.
McCracken GF, Parker CR, Guffey SZ. 1993. Genetic differentiation and hybridization
between stocked hatchery and native brook trout in Great. Smoky Mountains
National Park. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 122:533-542.
Stoneking MD, Wagner DJ, Hildebrand AC. 1981. Genetic evidence suggesting
subspecific differences between northern and southern populations of brook trout.
Copeia 1981: 810-819.