20080727 Ver 1_Application_20080423

. / ~.J . - 2008
US Army Corps of Engineers
Asheville Regulatory Field Office
151 Patton Avenue
Roam 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-50tK
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To Whom It May Concern:
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Please accept this letter as an authorization for 81ue Ridge Environmental
Consultants Inc. and its employees to be signatory agents in all matters
related to permitting applications.
Thank You,
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C~ENk - WAf Ei~ C~lAifl v
y~"E1lANDS AND STORMN'A~ER ~~"~

08-0727'
Office Use Only: Form Version March OS
USAGE Action ID No. DWQ No.
(If any particular item is not applicable to this project, please enter "Not Applicable" or "N/A".)
I. Processing
Check all of the approval(s) requested for this project:
® Section 404 Permit ^ Riparian or Watershed Buffer Rules
^ Section 10 Permit ^ Isolated Wetland Permit from DWQ
® 401 Water Quality Certification ^ Express 401 Water Quality Certification
2. Nationwide, Regional or General Permit Number(s) Requested: Nationwidel3
3. If this notification is solely a courtesy copy because written approval for the 401 Certification
is not required, check here: ^
4. If payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement Program (NCEEP) is proposed
for mitigation of impacts, attach the acceptance letter from NCEEP, complete section VIII,
and check here: ^
5. If your project is located in any of North Carolina's twenty coastal counties (listed on page
4), and the project is within a North Carolina Division of Coastal Management Area of
Environmental Concern (see the top of page 2 for further details), check here: ^ 1°
~~
a ~~~ °: i~
II. Applicant Information ~-
1. Owner/Applicant Information A P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~
Name: Ron Darbo °E~r~ - yvArE";;`~.aU K;a;~.rltw
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 2824 ~'~~~N°
Boone. NC 28607
Telephone Number: na Fax Number: na
E-mail Address: na
2. Agent/Consultant Information (A signed and dated copy of the Agent Authorization letter
must be attached if the Agent has signatory authority for the owner/applicant.)
Name: Derek Goddard
Company Affiliation: BREC Inc.
Mailing Address: 162 Helen Court
Boone, NC 28607
Telephone Number: 828.265.4425 Fax Number:
E-mail Address: brec nc(a~,bellsouth.net
III. Project Information
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 5 of 13

Attach a vicinity map clearly showing the location of the property with respect to local
landmarks such as towns, rivers, and roads. Also provide a detailed site plan showing property
boundaries and development plans in relation to surrounding properties. Both the vicinity map
and site plan must include a scale and north arrow. The specific footprints of all buildings,
impervious surfaces, or other facilities must be included. If possible, the maps and plans should
include the appropriate USGS Topographic Quad Map and NRCS Soil Survey with the property
boundaries outlined. Plan drawings, or other maps may be included at the applicant's discretion,
so long as the property is clearly defined. For administrative and distribution purposes, the
USACE requires information to be submitted on sheets no larger than 11 by 17-inch format;
however, DWQ may accept paperwork of any size. DWQ prefers full-size construction
drawings rather than a sequential sheet version of the full-size plans. If full-size plans are
reduced to a small scale such that the final version is illegible, the applicant will be informed that
the project has been placed on hold until decipherable maps are provided.
1. Name of project: Darbo Streambank Stabilization
2. T.LP. Project Number or State Project Number (NCDOT Only):
3. Property Identification Number (Tax PIN):_2921-49-0623-000
NA
4. Location
County: Watauga Nearest Town: Boone
Subdivision name (include phase/lot number): NA
Directions to site (include road numbers/names, landmarks, etc.):
HWY 421 south of Boone to left on old US 421 ~_ 0 1 mile. Take a left on Roby Greene Road
and ao 2 miles. Site is on the left.
5. Site coordinates (For linear projects, such as a road or utility line, attach a sheet that
separately lists the coordinates for each crossing of a distinct waterbody.)
Decimal Degrees (6 digits minimum): 36.24640 °N 81.63206 °W
6. Property size (acres):
7. Name of nearest receiving body of water: South Fork of the New River
8. River Basin: New
(Note -this must be one of North Carolina's seventeen designated major river basins. The
River Basin map is available at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/maps/.)
9. Describe the existing conditions on the site and general land use in the vicinity of the project
at the time of this application: Agriculture
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 6 of 13

10. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used: The
project seeks to Stabilize 500 linear feet of river bank to decrease erosion and improve
wildlife habitat. Specifically the project will utilize to rock vanes and vegetative measures.
The rock vanes will be installed with a track hoe.
11. Explain the purpose of the proposed work: Wildlife habitat and decrease erosion
IV. Prior Project History
If jurisdictional determinations and/or permits have been requested and/or obtained for this
project (including all prior phases of the same subdivision) in the past, please explain. Include
the USACE Action ID Number, DWQ Project Number, application date, and date permits and
certifications were issued or withdrawn. Provide photocopies of previously issued permits,
certifications or other useful information. Describe previously approved wetland, stream and
buffer impacts, along with associated mitigation (where applicable). If this is a NCDOT project,
list and describe permits issued for prior segments of the same T.I.P. project, along with
construction schedules.
None
V. Future Project Plans
Are any future permit requests anticipated for this project? If so, describe the anticipated work,
and provide justification for the exclusion of this work from the current application.
VI. Proposed Impacts to Waters of the United States/Waters of the State
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
wetlands, open water, and stream channels associated with the project. Each impact must be
listed separately in the tables below (e.g., culvert installation should be listed separately from
riprap dissipater pads). Be sure to indicate if an impact is temporary. All proposed impacts,
permanent and temporary, must be listed, and must be labeled and clearly identifiable on an
accompanying site plan. All wetlands and waters, and all streams (intermittent and perennial)
should be shown on a delineation map, whether or not impacts are proposed to these systems.
Wetland and stream evaluation and delineation forms should be included as appropriate.
Photographs may be included at the applicant's discretion. If this proposed impact is strictly for
wetland or stream mitigation, list and describe the impact in Section VIII below. If additional
space is needed for listing or description, please attach a separate sheet.
1. Provide a written description of the proposed impacts: Impact will include 500 feet of
Stream bank stabilization usin opts of natural channel design and bio-engineering.
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 7 of 13

2. Individually list wetland impacts. Types of impacts include, but are not limited to
mechanized clearing, grading, fill, excavation, flooding, ditching/drainage, etc. For dams,
separately list impacts due to both structure and floodins?.
Wetland Impact
Site Number
(indicate on map)
Type of Impact Type of Wetland
(e.g., forested, marsh,
herbaceous, bog, etc.) Located within
100-year
Floodplain
( es/no) Distance to
Nearest
Stream
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)
0

Total Wetland Impact (acres) 0
3. List the total acreage (estimated) of all existing wetlands on the property: 0
4. Individually list all intermittent and perennial stream impacts. Be sure to identify temporary
impacts. Stream impacts include, but are not limited to placement of fill or culverts, dam
construction, flooding, relocation, stabilization activities (e.g., cement walls, rip-rap, crib
walls, gabions, etc.), excavation, ditching/straightening, etc. If stream relocation is proposed,
plans and profiles showing the linear footprint for both the original and relocated streams
must be included. To calculate acreage, multiply length X width, then divide by 43,560.
Stream Impact
Number
(indicate on ma)
Stream Name
Type of Impact
Perennial or
Intermittent? Average
Stream Width
Before Im act Impact
Length
(linear feet) Area of
Impact
(acres)

1
New River
Stabilization
Perennial 30'
500
.344

Total Stream Impact (by length and acreage) 500 .344
5. Individually list all open water impacts (including lakes, ponds, estuaries, sounds, Atlantic
Ocean and any other water of the U.S.). Open water impacts include, but are not limited to
fill, excavation, dred~in~, flooding, drainage, bulkheads. etc.
Open Water Impact
Name of Waterbody Type of Waterbody Area of
Site Number
(if applicable) Type of Impact (lake, pond, estuary, sound, bay, Impact
(indicate on ma) ocean, etc.) (acres)
0

Updated 11/1/2005
Page 8 of 13

Total Open Water Impact (acres) 0
6. List the cumulative impact to all Waters of the U.S. resulting from the project:
Stream Impact (acres): .344
Wetland Impact (acres): 0
Open Water Impact (acres): 0
Total Impact to Waters of the U.S. (acres) .344
Total Stream Impact (linear feet): 500
7. Isolated Waters
Do any isolated waters exist on the property? ^ Yes ®No
Describe all impacts to isolated waters, and include the type of water (wetland or stream) and
the size of the proposed impact (acres or linear feet). Please note that this section only
applies to waters that have specifically been determined to be isolated by the USACE.
8. Pond Creation
If construction of a pond is proposed, associated wetland and stream impacts should be
included above in the wetland and stream impact sections. Also, the proposed pond should
be described here and illustrated on any maps included with this application.
Pond to be created in (check all that apply): ^ uplands ^ stream ^ wetlands
Describe the method of construction (e.g., dam/embankment, excavation, installation of
draw-down valve or spillway, etc.): NA
Proposed use or purpose of pond (e.g., livestock watering, irrigation, aesthetic, trout pond,
local stormwater requirement, etc.):
Current land use in the vicinity of the pond:
Size of watershed draining to pond:-
Expected pond surface area:
VII. Impact Justification (Avoidance and Minimization)
Specifically describe measures taken to avoid the proposed impacts. It may be useful to provide
information related to site constraints such as topography, building ordinances, accessibility, and
financial viability of the project. The applicant may attach drawings of alternative, lower-impact
site layouts, and explain why these design options were not feasible. Also discuss how impacts
were minimized once the desired site plan was developed. If applicable, discuss construction
techniques to be followed during construction to reduce impacts.
All possible erosion and sediment control BMPs will be installed to prevent sedimentation.
Equipment will work on high ground whenever osp sible
VIII. Mitigation
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 9 of 13

DWQ - In accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0500, mitigation may be required by the NC
Division of Water Quality for projects involving greater than or equal to one acre of impacts to
freshwater wetlands or greater than or equal to 150 linear feet of total impacts to perennial
streams.
USAGE - In accordance with the Final Notice of Issuance and Modification of Nationwide
Permits, published in the Federal Register on January 15, 2002, mitigation will be required when
necessary to ensure that adverse effects to the aquatic environment are minimal. Factors
including size and type of proposed impact and function and relative value of the impacted
aquatic resource will be considered in determining acceptability of appropriate and practicable
mitigation as proposed. Examples of mitigation that may be appropriate and practicable include,
but are not limited to: reducing the size of the project; establishing and maintaining wetland
and/or upland vegetated buffers to protect open waters such as streams; and replacing losses of
aquatic resource functions and values by creating, restoring, enhancing, or preserving similar
functions and values, preferable in the same watershed.
If mitigation is required for this project, a copy of the mitigation plan must be attached in order
for USAGE or DWQ to consider the application complete for processing. Any application
lacking a required mitigation plan or NCEEP concurrence shall be placed on hold as incomplete.
An applicant may also choose to review the current guidelines for stream restoration in DWQ's
Draft Technical Guide for Stream Work in North Carolina, available at
http:Ilh2o.enr.state.nc.us,/newetlands/strm~ide.html.
1. Provide a brief description of the proposed mitigation plan. The description should provide
as much information as possible, including, but not limited to: site location (attach directions
and/or map, if offsite), affected stream and river basin, type and amount (acreage/linear feet)
of mitigation proposed (restoration, enhancement, creation, or preservation), a plan view,
preservation mechanism (e.g., deed restrictions, conservation easement, etc.), and a
description of the current site conditions and proposed method of construction. Please attach
a separate sheet if more space is needed.
NA
2. Mitigation may also be made by payment into the North Carolina Ecosystem Enhancement
Program (NCEEP). Please note it is the applicant's responsibility to contact the NCEEP at
[phone] to determine availability, and written approval from the NCEEP indicating
that they are will to accept payment for the mitigation must be attached to this form. For
additional information regarding the application process for the NCEEP, check the NCEEP
website at http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wrp/index.htm. If use of the NCEEP is proposed, please
check the appropriate box on page five and provide the following information:
Amount of stream mitigation requested (linear feet):
Amount of buffer mitigation requested (square feet):
Amount of Riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 10 of 13

Amount ofNon-riparian wetland mitigation requested (acres):
Amount of Coastal wetland mitigation requested (acres):
IX. Environmental Documentation (required by DWQ)
1. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or the use of
public (federal/state) land? Yes ^ No
2. If yes, does the project require preparation of an environmental document pursuant to the
requirements of the National or North Carolina Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
Note: If you are not sure whether a NEPA/SEPA document is required, call the SEPA
coordinator at [phone] to review current thresholds for environmental documentation.
Yes ^ No
3. If yes, has the document review been finalized by the State Clearinghouse? If so, please
attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval letter. Yes ^ No
X. Proposed Impacts on Riparian and Watershed Buffers (required by DWQ)
It is the applicant's (or agent's) responsibility to determine, delineate and map all impacts to
required state and local buffers associated with the project. The applicant must also provide
justification for these impacts in Section VII above. All proposed impacts must be listed herein,
and must be clearly identifiable on the accompanying site plan. All buffers must be shown on a
map, whether or not impacts are proposed to the buffers. Correspondence from the DWQ
Regional Office may be included as appropriate. Photographs may also be included at the
applicant's discretion.
1. Will the project impact protected riparian buffers identified within 15A NCAC 2B .0233
(Meuse), 15A NCAC 2B .0259 (Tar-Pamlico), 15A NCAC 02B .0243 (Catawba) 15A NCAC
2B .0250 (Randleman Rules and Water Supply Buffer Requirements), or other (please
identify )? Yes ^ No
2. If "yes", identify the square feet and acreage of impact to each zone of the riparian buffers.
If buffer mitigation is required calculate the required amount of mitigation by applying the
buffer multipliers.
* Impact Required
Zone , ~„~_ ~ ~~ Multiplier ,,,~:~:^ ~,~_
1 3 (2 for Catawba)
2 1.5
Total
* Zone 1 extends out 30 feet perpendicular from the top of the near bank of channel; Zone 2 extends an
additiona120 feet from the edge of Zone 1.
3. If buffer mitigation is required, please discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (i.e.,
Donation of Property, Riparian Buffer Restoration /Enhancement, or Payment into the
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 11 of 13

Riparian Buffer Restoration Fund). Please attach all appropriate information as identified
within 15A NCAC 2B .0242 or .0244, or .0260. NA
XI. Stormwater (required by DWQ)
Describe impervious acreage (existing and proposed) versus total acreage on the site. Discuss
stormwater controls proposed in order to protect surface waters and wetlands downstream from
the property. If percent impervious surface exceeds 20%, please provide calculations
demonstrating total proposed impervious level. The entire property contains pervious grass
fields and dense wooded areas.
XII. Sewage Disposal (required by DWQ)
Clearly detail the ultimate treatment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of
wastewater generated from the proposed project, or available capacity of the subject facility.
NA
XIII. Violations (required by DWQ)
Is this site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500) or any Buffer Rules?
Yes ^ No
Is this an after-the-fact permit application? Yes ^ No
XIV. Cumulative Impacts (required by DWQ)
Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated future impacts) result in additional
development, which could impact nearby downstream water quality? Yes ^ No
If yes, please submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with
the most recent North Carolina Division of Water Quality policy posted on our website at
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands. If no, please provide a short narrative description:
XV. Other Circumstances (Optional):
It is the applicant's responsibility to submit the application sufficiently in advance of desired
construction dates to allow processing time for these permits. However, an applicant may
choose to list constraints associated with construction or sequencing that may impose limits on
work schedules (e.g., draw-down schedules for lakes, dates associated with Endangered and
Threatened Species, accessibility problems, or other issues outside of the applicant's control).
Copy sent to NCWRC.
Updated 11/1/2005
Page 12 of 13

Updated 11/1/2005
Page 13 of 13
(Agent's signature is valid only if an authorization letter from the applicant is provided.)

Darbo- Streambank Stabilization Project
Location- Boone, NC
South Fork of the New River
Prepared For:
Ron Darbo
P.O. Box 2824
Boone, NC 28607
Prepared By:
3REC glue Ridge
INC.
Environmental Consultants Inc.
828-265-4425 162 Helen Court
www.brec.biz Boone, NC 28607
Expertise - Service - Experience

Darbo- Streambank Stabilization Project
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Location Map-Boone, NC

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USGS 1:24,000 Boone Quad
Darbo- Streambank Stabilization Project

Site Plan
S00 Feet
Darbo- Streambank Stabilization Project
Rock Vane
Vertical Banks to be re-sloped,
matted, and planted
to specifications
and details

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COIR MATTI~
BASE FLOV
WATER El~/A
BANK OR BENCH
III-1 T~ 12" ECO-STAKE®
24" ECO-STAKE®
PROFILE VIEW
• TRENCHED TOP OF MATTING TO A
DEPTH OF AT LEAST 12", STAKE
OR STAPLE IN PLACE, ~ BACKFiLL
TO DESIGN GRADE
• MINIMUM 24" ECO-STAKES®
INSTALLED ALONG TOE OF MATTING
(Intercept between water surface and bank)
a 4" FC'
FRONT VIEW
• MINIMUM 2' CENTERS ALONG BOTTOM
• MINIMUM I' OVERLAP AT JOINING
SECTIONS OF COIR MATTING
COIR MATTING DETAIL
(NOT TO SCALE)
Darbo- Streambank
Stabilization Project
Typical Details and
Specifications
2 3
peen planting Place bare-root Gore hde Nnth
hole with seedling m hde - Shovel or Auger-
Shovel or Auger root collar at no air space
surface around roots
BARE-ROOT SEEDLING
PLANTING DETAI L
(NOT TO SCALE)
• UVE STAKES INSTALLED IN BANK
WITH DEAD-GLOW HAMMER
• 4/5 OF STAKE IN GROUND
• BUDS ORIENTED UPWARDS
• 3' CENTERS (APPROX.)
• CUT EXPOSED END OF LIVE STAKE
AFTER INSTALLATION IF DAMAGED
DUE TO INSTALLATION
b.e. damaged bark, split ends, etc.)
LIVE STAKE PLANT! NG DETAI L
{NOT TO SCALE)
ECO-STAKE
• 12" ECO-STAKES INSTALLED IN BANK
FLUSH WITH COIR MATTING ABOVE
BOTTOM ROW OF 24" ECO-STAICESm
• ECO-STAKES® SPACED AT
MAXIMUM 3' CENTERS (APPROX.)
BOTH DIRECTIONS
SLOPE BREAK OR BENCH
BASE FLOW
uiwrco ci c. iwr~~.~ -

PROFILE VIEW

4s Angle
(in degrees)
s Slope
(in percent)
Rock Vane
Plan View
Rock Vane
Cross Section
(after Rosgen)

LIVE STAKES CAN 2 ft_ x 3 ft_ SPACING
BLACK WILLt~W ~Salix nig~ra) AMID
SILKY D{)GWQ(?D (Corpus amomupi)
PLANT DISTURBED SLGIPES AND FLC~GDPRCNVE BENCHES
WITH NATIVE SHRUBS AS 1 GALLON QR BARE RCC7T AS
AVAILABLE_ SPECIES AND PLANTING RATE TC} BE
DETERMINEC~ BY PR©JE+C`~ MANAGER_
DC?UBLE NET
STRAW B~.ANKET
SECURE WITURF STAPB..ES
1 PER SQ_ YARi7
~~..~.. .~ ~ IVE GRASS SPECIES
VIRGINIA WILD RYE - EJymus vi~rnr~us
CANADIAN WILD RYE - Lymus cenadepsis
SWITCH GRASS - Panrcum ve~g+etum
7©4 gm_ COIR MAT
SECURE WITH QAK
DEAD-STNS
1 PER SQ_ YARD
BANKFULL /
DEPTH
3 fL LIVE STAKES
CHANNEL
TYPICAL. BANK STABILIZATIt~N REVEGETATICaN
NOT TO SCALE

. ,
Map Unit Description (Brief, Generated)
Watauga County, North Carolina
[Minor map unit components are excluded from this report]
Map unit: RoA -Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Component: Rosman (80%)
The Rosman component makes up 80 percent of the map unit. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. This component is on flood plains, valleys. The
parent material consists of loamy alluvium. Depth to a not restrictive layer is greater than 60 inches. The natural drainage class is well
drained. Water movement in the most restrictive layer is high. Available water to a depth of 60 inches is moderate. Shrink-swell
potential is low. This soil is occasionally flooded. It is not ponded. A seasonal zone of water saturation is at 51 inches during January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Organic matter content in the surface
horizon is about 6 penent. Nonirrigated land capability class cation is 2w. This soil does not meet hydric criteria.
US~~1 Natural Resources
Tabular Data Version: 5
Conservation Service Tabular Data Version Date: 07/17/2007
Page 1 of 1

Riparian Seeding and Planting Guidelines
These guidelines will provide the methods to be used for reestablishing riparian vegetation.
They will include seedbed preparation, nutrient enhancement, temporary seeding, permanent
seeding, and erosion control. Methodology for planting sod mats, live stakes, and trees will also
be presented.
Herbaceous Vegetation
Sod mats
Prior to sloping stream banks within easement areas the sod on these banks will be removed.
Mats should be deep enough to contain a majority of the roots. These mats should be stockpiled
for later use. After banks are sloped the mats should be placed from the bankfull elevation down
to the normal water line or onto the interberm feature. Mats should be laid as close to one
another as possible and pushed into the under laying soil. Openings between mats should be
filled with soil and seeded with temporary seed mix. Mats should be fertilized at a rate of 25 lbs.
per 1000 sq. ft. and watered using a pump or by dipping water out of the creek with a clean
track-hoe bucket
Seed
Seedbed Preparation: On sites where equipment can be operated safely the seedbed shall be
adequately loosened and smoothed. This may require disking and dragging. On sites where
equipment cannot operated safely, the seedbed shall be prepared by hand scarifying to provide
a roughened surface so that seed will stay in place. If seeding is done immediately following
construction, seedbed preparation may be required only on areas where heavy equipment has
caused compaction of the ground.
Fertilizing: Evenly distribute lime and fertilizer over the area to be seeded using a tractor
mounted fertilizer spreader or with a hand held fertilizer spreader. Uniformly mix lime and
,fertilizer into the top 3 inches of the soil using a drag or hand rake. Where surface materials
are predominately gravel and/or cobble, no incorporation is required. Apply lime and fertilizer
according to soil test or at the following rates.
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Lime 1001bs. 2 ton
18-46-00 Fertilizer* 12 lbs. 500 lbs.
*(half of fertilizer will be applied in fall at planting and other half in spring)
Seeding:
Temporary seeding -Use where needed for erosion control, when permanent vegetation
cannot be established due to planting season and where temporary ground cover is needed to
allow native or woody vegetation to become established. Apply the following vegetation at the
listed rates.

Fall, Winter, and Spring Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Japanese Millet '/2 lb. 201bs.
Winter Wheat 1 lbs. 401bs.
Summer Seeding
Per 1000 sq. ft. Per Acre
Sudangrass 1 lb. 401bs.
Browntop Millet 1 lb. 40 lbs.
Permanent Seeding -Use in combination with woody plantings on the up-slope side of
the riparian area and down to the bankfull elevation. This mixture can be planted at any time but
will do best in spring or late fall. Spring planted seed should be treated with a cold wet chill
process to maximize germination. Fall plantings should be planted with a lightly sown cool
season annual to hold soil and does not need to be chilled. Seeding should be done evenly over
the area using a mechanical or hand seeder. A drag should be used to cover the seed with no
more than'/z inch of soil. Where a drag can not safely be utilized the seed should be covered by
hand raking.
All seasons: WNC Riparian Diversity Mix (as described on the attached sheet)
'/41b. per 1000 sq. ft. and 10 lbs. per Acre
Erosion Control: All seeded areas, areas disturbed by heavy equipment, or other areas disturbed
by mitigation activities should be protected from erosion by installation of erosion control
blankets or matting.
Woody Vegetation
Live stakes (uprooted material)
Live stake material should be dormant and gathered locally or purchased from a reputable
commercial supplier. Stakes should be %2 to 3 inches in diameter and living based on the
presence of young buds and green bark. Stakes should be kept cool and moist to improve
survival and to maintain dormancy. Stakes should be driven into the ground using a rubber
hammer or by creating a hole and slipping the stake into it. The ground around the stake should
be firmed against the stake after planting. Stakes should be placed so that 75% of the stake is
below the ground and 2 or 3 buds are above ground. Stakes should be planted on a 2 - 3 foot
spacing and at a density of 160 - 360 stakes per 1000 sq. ft.
Bare rooted or potted stock
Care and handling: Desirable trees and shrubs on the construction site should be dug and stored.
These plants should be stored in a cool moist environment or heeled in. Roots of bareroot
stock should be kept moist during planting operations. Bareroot material should only be
planted during Winter and early Spring. Container or potted stock shall be kept moist at all
times. Do not let roots freeze or dry out prior to planting.
2

Site Preparation: The soil in the area of tree planting should be loosened to a depth of at least 1
foot. This is only necessary on hard compacted soil.
Planting:
On site material -Transplants should be replanted to the same depth they were originally
growing.
Potted stock -Planting should be done mechanically or by hand using a shovel. The planting
trench or hole must be deep enough and wide enough to permit roots to spread out and down
without J-rooting. Potted stock should be planted in a hole 2-3 times the diameter of the root
ball and at the same depth as the root ball. When setting plants, be certain to plant them high.
Locate the root ball on solid soil and not loose backfill. Wire baskets do not need to be
completely removed from large field grown trees. Be sure to remove plastic liners or synthetic
burlap materials. Construct an earthen dam 4-6 inches high around the drip zone area of the
plant after planting. This will allow for self watering and runoff will be minimized.
Bare rooted stock -Bare rooted material can be planted using a hoedad or a dibble bar (see
diagram below). Planting slits for bare rooted material should be 6-8 inches in diameter and
should be at least 8-12 inches deep. Damaged roots should be trimmed. Plants should be
placed with the root collar slightly below the soil surface. Holes and slits should be closed
completely, including and especially at the bottom of the hole.
Guidelines far Planting Bare-Root Plantg
V1E~lll~ ifaf'IIfIC~ 8, k~ ~ tik?tS C~~1"~7 ~I"Id (X.~ Qf -~
the StX1. (; ~fl-!~Y' c..C~.'`$i~t6 2~ ~~3(1tS ~. t~ n6C~.S~
orb ~ to ane-tturr~ t~f the ra3t system. To m~e ~ ade- '~l,
c~uate hale far , ~e a ,aiarsti~g d t ar shoes. \
t ~ a hgie deep h so the roots rerrta~ :ttraiyht ~~',
and spre~c! aut. if av, ~ tert~zer ra U7e hole:
~2 Set the ~ ~ the '
3 C;bse h~ at bottom and top
dtibie t>ar or shaven in Girt above
coat aa~: .
1,~et~~tra;~,t
~. s~ to
.--'
t, ~,, ~
~ _ ~~,~ .:
~~ ~ -
\~
Spacing of rooted Woody Vegetation -the following guidelines should be used for spacing
rooted woody vegetation.
Type sp acing # per 1000 sq. ft.
Shrubs, less than 10 ft. in height 3 - 6 ft. 27 - 111
Shrubs and Trees, 10 -25 ft. in height 6 - 8 ft. 15 - 27
Trees greater than 25 ft. in hei;;ht 8 - 15 ft. 4 - 15
3

Plant List
Herbaceous, permanent seed mixture labeled "WNC Riparian Diversity Mix"
Common Name Botanical Name
5.00% Sensetive Fern Onoclea sensibillis
2.50% Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistulosa
2.50% Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata
2.50% Eastern Gamagrass Tripascum dactyloides
5.00% Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovirens
5.00% Hop Sedge Carex lupilina
10.00% Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides
2.50% Soft Rush Juncus effusus
2.50% Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus
2.50% Three Square Spikerush Scirpus americanus
10.00% Va Wild rye Elymus virginicus
10.00% Woolgrass Scirpus cypemus
2.50% Deertongue Panicum clandestinum
5.00% Button Bush Cephalanthus occidentalis
5.00% Elderberry Sambucus canadensis
2.50% Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia
5.00% Silky Dogwood Comus amomuin
2.50% Winterberry Ilex verticillata
2.50% Black Gum Nyssa sylvatica
2.50% Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
2.50% Red Maple Acer rubrum
2.50% Pin Oak Quercus palustris
2.50% Wild Black Cherry Prunus serotina
2.50% Silver Maple Acer saccharium
This mixture was taken from the list of plants that begins on the following page. It was created
from a database compiled by TVA and distributed on CD format as a product called "Banks &
Buffers" (Tennessee Valley Authority. 1996. Banks & Buffers, A guide to selecting native
plants for streambanks and shorelines; Riparian Plant Selector, Version 1.0; Environmental
Research Center and Clean Water Initiative, Muscle Shoals, AL.). As more information
becomes available we will add to this list in an effort to encompass as many riparian species
native to Western North Carolina as possible.
Shrub and tree species listed on the following pages will be planted at mitigation sites as either
live stakes, potted stock, balled stock or bare root stock. These plantings will take place in the
winter or early spring. Spacing suggestions should be used as guidelines, but can be varied
depending on species requirements and landscape objectives. For example species that are
commonly found growing in clumped distributions should be planted that way. It is desirable for
the final distribution of trees and shrubs to have a more natural, random appearance. In order to
accomplish this exact spacing should be avoided and mixing of various species should be done.
4

Plants native to the riparian and wetland areas of Western North Carolina
Type Common Name Scientific Name Flooding Light Wetland pH wildlife region
val.
1 American Pillwort Pilularia americans Reg sun obli 0-7 birds all
1 Cinnamon Fern Osmunda cinnamomea Irreg to reg Part to shade Fac.wet 0-7 birds all
1 Netted Chain Fern Woodwardia areolata seas to reg all obli less birds all
1 Royal Fern Osmunda regalis seas to reg Part to shade obli 0-7 birds, sm all
1 Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Irreg to reg all facu 0-7 birds all
2 American Lotus Nelumbo lutes reg to perm sun oblig 0-7 birds,SM all
2 American Pondweed Potamogeton nodosus perm sun oblig 7 birds,SM all
2 Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia seas-perm sun to shade oblig all B, Sm all
2 Broad-leaf Cattail Typha latifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis irreg-seas sun fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Hollow Joe-pye-weed Eupatoriadelphus fistulosus irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
2 Narrow-leaf Cattail Typha angustifolia seas-perm sun oblig all B, Sm all
2 Pickerelweed. Pontederia cordata seas-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Spotted Touch-me-not Impatiens capensis irreg-seas part.sh fac.wet 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata irreg-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Swamp Rose Mallow Hibiscus moscheutos seas-reg sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Virginia Blueflag Iris virginica seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 birds all
2 Water Plantain Alisma subcordatum seas-perm sun oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Waterwillow Justicia americans reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 White Waterlily Nymphaea odorata reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
2 Yellow Cowlily Nuphar luteum reg-perm sun-part.sh oblig 0-7 B, Sm all
3 Creeping Spikerush Eleocharis palustris seas-perm sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Green Bulrush Scirpus atrovi seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Hop Sedge Carex lupulina seas-reg sun-part. oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Rice Cutgrass Leersia oryzoides reg-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Cane Arundinaria gigantea irreg-seas sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Slender Spikerush Eleocharis acicularis seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Soft Rush Juncus effusus seas-perm sun-part. fac.wet 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Softstem Bulrush Scirpus validus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Square-stem Spikerush Eleocharis quadrangulata seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Three-square Bulrush Scirpus americanus seas-perm sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
3 Virginia Wildrye Elymus virginicus irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
3 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus seas-reg sun oblig. 0-7 B,Sm all
Bluet Houstonia serpyllifolia
4 Bushy St. Johnswort Hypericum densiflorum irreg-seas sun-part fac.wet 0-7 birds all
4 Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis seas-perm sun-part oblig all B,Sm,Lm all
4 Wild Hydrangea Hydrangea arborescens irreg part.-shade fac.upl 0-7 B,Sm all
4 Yellowroot Xanthorhiza simplicissima irreg-seas part.-shade fac.wet 0-7 birds all
5 American Witch-hazel Hamamelis virginiana irreg part fac upl 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Brookside Alder Alnus serrulata irreg-reg sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
5 Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana irreg part fac upl all B,Sm all
5 Carolina Willow Salix caroliniana seas-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Common Pawpaw Asiminia triloba irreg-seas part.-shade facu 0-7 Sm all
5 Elderberry Sambucus canadensis irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Red Chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5 Silky Dogwood Cornus amomuin irreg-seas sun-part. fac wet all B,Sm all
5 Silky Willow Salix sericea irreg-reg sun-part. oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
5

5 Spicebush Lindera benzoin
5 Winterberry Ilex verticillata
5 Sweet Azalea Rhododendron arborescens
5 Rhododendron Rhododendron catawbiense
6 American Hornbeam Carpinus caroliniana
6 Eastern Hornbeam Ostrya virginiana
7 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum
7 Black Walnut Juglans nigra
7 Black Willow Salix nigra
7 Blackgurn Nyssa sylvatica
7 Boxelder Acer negundo
7 Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides
7 Green Ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
7 Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos
7 Persimmon Diospyros virginiana
7 Red Maple Acer rubrum
7 Red Mulberry Morus rubra
7 River Birch Betula nigra
7 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum
7 Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua
7 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
7 American Basswood Tilia americana
7 Eastern Hemlock Tsu~a canadensis
Plant Typ e
Fern or fern allies 1
Em, float, or wetl herb 2
Grass, sedge, or rush 3
Small Shrub 4
Large Shrub 5
Small Tree 6
Large Tree 7
irreg-seas part.-shade fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg-reg part.-shade fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg part fac wet acid B,Lm F,H,Lt
irreg-seas all facu acid B,Sm all
irreg part.-shade fac. Upl 0-7 B,Sm all
all sun -part oblig 0-7 birds all
irreg sun -part fac upl 0-7 Sm all
seas perm sun oblig 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all oblig-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 birds all
irreg-reg all fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg-seas sun facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas sun -part facu 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-reg all obli-fac 0-7 B,Sm,Lm all
irreg-seas part -shade facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg -seas sun fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg all fac wet 0-7 birds all
irreg -reg sun facu 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg -seas sun -part fac wet 0-7 B,Sm all
irreg all fac upl 0-7 B,Sm Ho,F,Lt
6

CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATION
INSTREAM STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED OF ROCK
1) SCOPE
This specification covers the installation of Rock Vanes, at locations as shown on the
construction plans and as directed by the Project Manager.
2) PURPOSE
Redirect erosive velocities away from streambanks
Provide aquatic habitat
Cross Vanes may be used for grade control
3) DEFINITIONS
ROCK VANE - A deflective structure installed pointing upstream, beginning at bankfull sloping
down to the streambed. The angle at which the vane points upstream from the
bank shall be 20-30 degrees. The slope of the top surface of the vane will be 5-7
percent. The vane should extend from the bank to approximately 1/3 of channel
width.
J-HOOK - A rock vane with a hooked portion on the streambed. The hook provides
additional habitat.
CROSS VANE - A rock vane from both sides of the stream with a connecting bar on the
streambed. If this structure is used for grade control, the existing streambed
elevation may be increased by no more than 10 percent of bankfull, unless a
greater increase is provided for in the approved design.
STREAMBANK - portions of intermittent or perennial streambanks which are eroding at an
accelerated rate due to the effects of stream flow near banks without adequate
vegetative cover and supporting riparian area.
BANKFULL - The stream flow level at which the stream channel is formed and maintained.
The term "bankfull" should not be confused with "the top of the bank". Persons
who have received training in Natural Stream Channel evaluation shall identify
the bankfull elevation.
THALWEG - The deepest part of the channel where the highest channel velocities occur.
4) PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

This practice should be applied as a part of a total Natural Stream Channel Restoration design.
These structures are not intended to be a total solution to the streambank erosion problem in
themselves. They are to be used as a component of a total streambank management plan, which
may require a number of associated practices. In some cases modification of the stream
dimension, pattern and profile may be required before structures are installed. The use of rock
structures without considering the stable dimension, pattern, and profile of the stream will most
likely result in failure.
5) PERMITTING
No work, which is covered by this specification, shall be performed until the Army Corp of
Engineers has issued a Section 404 permit and the Division of Water Quality has issued a
Section 401 certification (if required). The final construction plans and specifications must be
prepared and approved prior to the beginning of construction.
6) EQUIPMENT
• A hydraulic excavator (trackhoe) with a hydraulic "thumb" shall be used to handle and install
the rocks
• All required safety equipment shall be available during construction. Safety equipment
includes but is not limited to hard hats, gloves, and eye and hearing protection.
7) INSTALLATION
• The Project Manager shall place a marker at the point where the last rock of the structure will
meet the Streambed. This marker shall be set at a point, which represents the planned angle
from bankfull and the planned sloe of the structure. The Project Manager should check to
see if this point is approximately /3 of the total channel width.
• Holes for footer rocks shall be excavated in the Streambed at the location, elevation and
orientation as directed by the Project Manager.
• A footer rock of the size and shape as directed by the engineer shall be installed in the hole.
Multiple footer rocks may be required, at the discretion of the Project Manager or as
provided for in the approved plan.
• A structure rock of the size and shape as directed by the Project Manager shall be installed on
top of the footer rock.
• Streambed material will be removed as directed by the Project Manager if it is required to
move the thalweg of the stream to the point of the structure.
• Streambed material shall be placed on the upstream side of the structure near the bank.
• Equipment shall be operated from the streambank whenever possible.
• Equipment which appears to be leaking fluids shall be removed to a safe site away from the
stream corridor until it is repaired and confirmed that no leaks exist.