Other Risks_20160418

Technical
Net Environmental Benefits January 17, 2016
Memorandum
As required by the North Carolina Coal Ash Management Act (LAMA), the North Carolina Department
of Environmental Quality (DEQ) has proposed initial risk classifications for each impoundment. Under
CAMA, a given classification is based on consideration of nine different factors, one of which is any
other factor DEQ deems relevant to the establishment of risk.
In the case of off -site impacts to private wells, the data and peer -reviewed modeling confirm that
excavation provides no real benefit in comparison to capping the material in place or other
innovative/sustainable solutions. This conclusion was anticipated by the U.S. EPA in its CCR rule.
Similarly, six Environmental Impact Statements prepared by the Tennessee Valley Authority in
December of 2015 confirmed that excavation would not meaningfully improve groundwater quality while
creating new risks. The EPA explicitly requires consideration of the associated impacts to the
environment with any excavation, transportation, and re -disposal of material (p. 21488, Selection of
Remedy, Part 257.97).
For sites in which groundwater/surface water impacts are the primary risk drivers, employing excavation
as a remedy creates additional risk. The additional risk from excavation and transporting ash from one
location to another is greater than the risk posed by leaving the ash in place. The table below provides
estimates of the risk associated with excavation, transportation and ecological disturbance. For example,
one out of eight traffic fatalities in 2005 resulted from a collision involving a large truck' such as would
be moving ash from various sites. Ecologically, disturbance scales directly with volume of ash moved and
distance traveled.
Consideration
Classification
Low
Excavation
Optional
Intermediate OR
High
Excavation
Required
Fatal In' — For Excavation minimum risk
0
1.10E-7 / hour a
Non -fatal In'u — For Excavation minimum risk
0
6.6E-5 / hour a
Fatal In'u — Transportation minimum risk)
0
2.8E-8 / mile b
Non -fatal In'u — Transportation (minimum risk)
0
8.4E-7 / mile b
Life Cycle Analysis — Carcinogen impact Pt
573 °
22,500 °
Life Cycle Analysis — Ecotoxici Pt
132 °
3,650
Life Cycle Analysis — Fossil Fuels Pt
141,000 °
3,590,000
Life Cycle Analysis — Acidification / Eutro hication Pt
5,540
209,000
Notes:
(a) Risk values for fatalities and injuries taken from Dr. Lisa Bradley, Haley & Aldrich, data from Oak Ridge
National Laboratory.
1.1E-7 = 1.1 x 10-' = 1.1 / 107 = 0.00000011 = One fatality for every 9,090,909 man-hours
6.6E-5 = 6.6 x 10-5 = 6.6 / 105 = 0.000066 = One non -fatal injury for every 15,151 man-hours
(b) Risk values for fatalities and injuries taken from Dr. Lisa Bradley, Haley & Aldrich, data from U.S. Department
of Transportation.
2.8E-8 = 2.8 x 10 = 2.8 / 10' = 0.000000028 = One fatality for every 35,714,285 truck -miles
8.4E-7 = 8.4 x 10-7 = 8.4 / 107 = 0.00000084 = One non -fatal injury for every 1,190,476 truck -miles

(c) Point values taken from SimaPro 8 Analysis, Eco-Indicator Results, as performed by Dr. Krishna Reddy, P.E.,
University of Illinois at Chicago (see Appendix). Point (Pt) values represent a standard Eco-Indicator value, as
computed for one site. Pt values are dimensionless, derived from normalizing impacts relative to established
databases for each category (e.g., ecotoxicity). The absolute number of points is not meaningful except in
comparison across scenarios. Interested readers are directed to PR6 Consultants, where supporting the
publications and case studies can be found: https://www.pre-sustainability.com/.
Reference
'Fact Sheet, NHTSA's National Center for Statistics and Analysis, DOT HS 810 619, Washington, DC,
2005.

Broader Environmental Impacts
for Ash Disposal Scenarios
SimaPro v.8 Analyses Using Eco-Indicator and TRACI Methods

References
• Goedkoop, M., Oele, M., Vieira, M., Leijting, J., Ponsioen, T. and
Meijer, E. (2014). SimaPro 8 Tutorial, PRe Consultants, Netherlands.
• International Organization for Standardization (2006), ISO 14040
Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment -Principles &
Framework, Switzerland.

Scope of Environmental Impact Analysis
Excavation of coal
ash
Loading of ash Transport of
material onto materials for on -
trucks site/ off -site
disposal

Wxq7 9
Basin 3
(270,000 T)
Basin 2 (1,950,000 T)
Basin 1 (2,840,000 T)

Scenario — 1
Excavate, load and transport entire
Basin 3 quantity of ash for a distance of 3 miles
L :
Excavate, load and transport 25% of the
mass of ash in both basins for a distance
of 1 mile

Scenario — 2
Excavate, load and transport the entire
ash from both basins for a distance of 3
miles

Scenario — 3
Excavate, load and transport the entire
ash from both basins for a distance of 3
miles on -site landfill disposal
Excavate, load and transport
for a distance of 3 miles for
temporary storage on site
Load the stored ash and
transport 3 miles for disposal
at on -site landfill

Scenario — 4
Excavate, load and transport the entire
ash from both basins for a distance of 3
miles for on -site landfill disposal
FExcavate, load and transport
for a distance of 25 miles for
off -site landfill disposal

Scenario — 5
Excavate, load and transport the entire
ash from both basins for a distance of 25
miles for off -site landfill disposal

SimaPro 8 Inputs and Assumptions
The total hours of operation for the
L Processes Input Units equipment is calculated by assuming
Excavation (total ash quantity kton that the ash removal rate is 1 million
for a scenario) tons/year.
Loader operation Hours Days of operation = Ash quantity/2740
tons
Transport of total ash Ktkm Time of operation calculated assuming
excavated for each
scenario(diesel powered truck) 8 working hours/day

Sel I Impact category Unit I Scenario-1 I Scenario-2 I Scenario-3 I Scenario-4 I Scenario-5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
SimaPro 8 Analysis,
Eco-Indicator
Results
Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.03 /
Europe El 99 H/H / Single score
Total
Pt
1.76E5
4.18E5
1.2.5E6
2.69E6
4.99E6
®
Carcinogens
Pt
573
1.61E3
5.05E3
1.22E4
2.25E4
®
Resp. organics
Pt
28.6
79.3
249
595
1.1E3
E,?j
Resp. inorganics
Pt
2.66E4
6.57E4
2.08E5
4.43E5
9.6E5
F]
Climate change
Pt
2.34E3
1.07E4
3.77E4
1.07E5
2.04E5
®
Radiation
Pt
1.42
2.14
4.88
4.88
4.88
®
Crone layer
Pt
0.0617
0.0946
0.218
0.229
0.246
[v7]
Ecotoxicity
Pt
132
314
933
2.04E3
3.65E3
®
.Acidification/ Eutrophication
Pt
5.54E3
1.4E4
4.45E4
9.59E4
2.09E5
®
Land use
Pt
x
x
x
x
x
®
Minerals
Pt
3.83
5.8
13.2
13.2
_ _
®
Fossil fuels
Pt
1.41E5
3.25E5
9.51E5
2.03E6
3.59E6
Scenario-1 Scenario-Z Scenario-3
Carcinogens Resp. organics = Resp. inorganics Climate change
Ecotoxicity acidification/ Eutrophication = Land use Minerals
Scenario-4
Radiation
Fossil fuels
Scenario-5
Ozone layer

Sel I Impact category Unit
Scenario-1 I Scenario-2 I Scenario-3 I Scenario-4 I Scenario-5
Eco-Indicator
Results for Damage
Assessment
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Carcinogens
DALY
W
Resp. organics
DALY
r
Resp. inorganics
DALY
C
Climate change
DALY
E%7
Radiation
DALY
Ozone layer
DALY
Ecoto icity
PDF*m2yr
G
IAcidification/ Eutrophication
PDF*m2yr
Land use
PDF*m2yr
Minerals
MJ surplus
r%-.o
Fossil fuels
MJ surplus
0.0294
0.0823
0.259
10.623
1.15
0.00147
0.00406
0.0127
0.0305
0.0564
1.36
3.36
10.6
22.7
49.2
0.12
0.548
1.93
5.47
10.5
7.25E-5
0.00011
0.00025
0.0.0-025
0.00025
3.16E-6
4.84E-15
1.12E-5
1.17E-5
1.26E-5
1.69E3
4.03E3
1.2E4
2.62E4
4.67E4
7.11E4
1.7E5
5.7E5
1.23E-6
2.68E6
x
x
x
x
x
107
163
370
370
37D
3.95E6
9.11E6
2.66E7
15.68E7
1.01EB
Carcinogens Resp. organic Resp. inorgan Climate Radiation Ozone la•.er Ecotoxicity Acidification Land use Minerals Fossil fuels
s ics change J Eutrophicati
E Scenario-1 B Scenario-2 ❑ Scenario-3 0 Scenario-4 ❑ Scenario-5

Sel I Impact category Unit
Scenario-1 I Scenario-2 I Scenario-3 I Scenario-4 I Scenario-5
Eco-Inclicator Results
for Impact Assessment
(Weighting)
Total
Pt
1.76E5
4.18E5
1.25E6
2.69E6
4.99E6
Carcinogens
Pt
573
1.61E3
15.05E3
1.22E4
2.25E4
®
Resp. organics
Pt
28.6
79.3
�249
595
1.1E3
0
Resp. inorganics
Pt
2.66E4
6.57E4
2.08E5
4.43E5
9.6E5
Climate change
Pt
2.34E3
1.07E4
�3.77E4
1.07E5
2.04E5
[l
Radiation
Pt
1.42
2.14
�4.88
4.88
4.88
P]
Ozonelayer
Pt
0.0617
0.0946
0.218
0.229
0.246
[l
Ecotoicity
Pt
132
314
933
2.04E3
3.65E3
P]
Acidification/ Eutrophication
Pt
5.54E3
1.4E4
�4.45E4
9.59E4
2.09E5
®
Land use
Pt
x
x
Ix
x
x
Minerals
Pt
3.93
15.9
13.2
13.2
13.2
®
Fossil fuels
Pt
1.41E5
13.25E5
9.51E5
2.03E6
3.59E6
3.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.8-------------------------------------------------.. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.6-------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.4----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.2------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------..
0 .
Carcinogens Resp. organic Resp. inorgan Climate Radiation Ozone layer Ecotoxicity Acidification Land use Minerals Fossil fuels
s ics change / Eutrophicati
E Scenario-1 E Scenario-2 0 Scenario-3 E Scenario-4 a Scenario-5

170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
ii 90
2z
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SimaPro 8 Results — Eco Indicator (Scenario 1)
Damage Assessment Per Impact Category
carcinogens Resp. organics = Resp. inorganics
Ecotoxicity Acidification; Eutrophication = Land use
Scenario-1
Climate change 0 Radiation Ozonelayer
Minerals 0 Fossil fuels

Eco-Indicator 99 (H) Impact Categories
• Human Health (Includes number and duration of diseases, life years lost due to
premature death from environmental causes)
• Climate change
• Ozone layer depletion
• Carcinogenic effects
• Respiratory effects
• Ionizing (nuclear radiation)
• Ecosystem Quality (Includes the effect on species diversity, namely, vascular
plants and lower organisms)
• Ecotoxicity
• Acidification
• Eutrophication
• Land -use
• Resources (Includes the surplus energy needed in future to extract lower quality
minerals and fossil resources)
• Minerals
• Fossil fuels

170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
a. 90
80
70
60
50
40
-o
20
10
it
SimaPro 8 Results — Eco Indicator (Scenario 1)
L-----------------------------------------------------------------
Scenario-1
M Human Health M Ecosystem Qualit, 0 Resources

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
Eco-Indicator Results — Process Contribution
(Scenario 1)
L Damage Category - Human Health -j
-J---J---J---1---1 ---L---L---L---L ---1----I---J---J---J---J---1---1---L---L---L ---L ---I----I---J---J---J---J---J ---1---1---L---L ---L ---L---I----I---J---J---J---J---1---1---L---L---L---L ---I----I---J---J--
__ _! __ _�__ __�_ ___1___ _�__ _!_ __!___!__ _!__ _! _ __! ___! __ _! _ __�_ ___�___ _�__ _
Total
Excavator, technology mix, 500 l: J, Mining GLO
Transport, single unit truck, diesel poi„ ered;'US
Transport, ocean freighter, residual fuel oil po}„-ered'US
Crude ail, at production/RNA
Natural gas, processed, at plant'US
Natural gas, combUsted in industrial boiler/US
Bituminous coal, at mine/US
Electricit�, lignite coal, at power plantr'US
Natural gas, at extraction site., -US
Transport, train, diesel powered/US
Analyzing 1 p 'Scenario-1';
Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.08 ,r Europe EI 99 H,'H / V-.feighting
Diesel, combusted in industrial equipment -US
Diesel, from crude oil, consumption mix, at refinery, 200 ppm sulphur EU-15 S
Diesel, at refiner,r'I;'US
Electricity, bituminous coal, at power plantrUS
Residual fuel oil, combusted in industrial boilerr'US
Transport, ocean freighter, diesel powered/US
Residual fuel oil, at refiner /l!US
Electricity, natural gas, at power plant/US
Gasoline, combusted in egLiipment;'US
Electricity, residual fuel oil, at power plant,. -US

Eco-Indicator Results — Inventory List (Scenario 1)
Damage Category - Human Health
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon dioxide, fossil
Sulfur dioxide
Arsenic
Arsenic
Dinitrogen monoxide
Particulates, < 10 um
Cadmium
Lj Cadmium
Benzo(a)anthracene
Analyzing 1 p 'Scenario-1';
Method; Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.03 / Europe EI 99 H/H J Weighting
Particulates, < 2.5 um
Particulates, > 2.5 um, and < 10um
Sulfur monoxide
Methane
Particulates, unspecified
Arsenic
Cadmium
Carbon monoxide, fossil
NMVOC, non -methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin
Ammonia

4,CIC
1500
4.1
IL
1000
500
Eco-Indicator Results — Process Contribution
(Scenario 1)
Damage Category -Ecosystem Quality
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I 1 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 1 I I 1 1 1 I I I I I 1 1 I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
1___1___1___L___L___LI_______l___l___l___I____I__
I I 1 1 I 1 I I I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I 1 1 1 I I I I I 1 1 I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
I 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 I I I I I 1 1 1 I 1 I I 1 I I 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I I I 1 1 1 I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
---J---J---J--_
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I
Tota I
Excavator, technology mix, 500 kW, Mining GLC
Transport, single unit truck, diesel powered/US
Transport, ocean freighter, residual fuel oil powered/US
Residual fuel oil, combusted in industrial boiler US
Crude oil, at production/RNA
Natural gas, processed, at plant/US
Residual fuel oil, at refinery/l/US
Electricity, residual fuel oil, at power plant/US
Transport, train, diesel powered/US
Transport, combination truck, diesel powered/US
,analyzing 1 p 'Scenario-l';
Method Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.03 J Europe EI 99 H/H / Weighting
Diesel, combusted in industrial equipment`US
Diesel, from crude oil, consumption mix, at refinery, 200 ppm sulphur EU-1F S
Diesel, at refinery/l/US
Electricity, bituminous coal, at power plant'US
Transport, ocean freighter, diesel powered/US
Natural gas, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Electricity, lignite coal, at power plan US
Gasoline, combusted in equipment US
Electricity, natural gas, at power plant/US
Transport, barge, residual fuel oil powered/US

Eco-Indicator Results — Inventory List (Scenario 1)
Damage Category - Ecosystem Quality
Nitrogen oxides
I I Nickel
Chromium
Chromium
Ammonia
ChromiLiM
Copper
Copper
Cadmium
Zinc
Analyzing 1 p 'Scenario -I'.,,
Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H;, LCa Food V2.03 ' Europe EI 99 H.°H ? ','e.°eighting
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur monoxide
Nickel
Zinc
Lead
Zinc
Nickel
Cadmium
Copper
Cadmium

100000
90000
800�0�0
70000
60000
i-=
5j0}}j0}}j0}}j0}}
441000
30000
20000
10000
Eco-Indicator Results — Process Contribution
(Scenario 1)
Damage Category -Resources
-
I
-1---1---T---T---r---r---r---1---------1---1---T---r---r---r---1----1---1---1---1---T---T---r---r---r---1----1---1---1---1---T---T---r---r---r---1---------1---1---T---r---r---f---1----1---------1--
I
I
I___I___r___r___r___r___r___1___-___-___-___-___r___r___r___r___1____1___-___-___-___r___r___r___r___r___1____1___-___-___-___r___r___r___r___r___1___-___-___-___-___r___r___r___r
I
I
I
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I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
___1____1___-___-___-__
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Tota I
Diesel, from crude ail, consumption mix, at refinery, 200 ppm sulphur EU-15 S
Natural gas, at extraction site/US
Lignite coal, at surface mine/US
Transport, single unit truck, diesel powered/US
Transport, ocean freighter, diesel polmered/US
Transport, combination truck, diesel powered/US
Transport, barge, residual fuel oil powered/US
Transport, barge, average fuel mix./US
Residual fuel oil, at refinery///US
Natural gas, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Analyzing 1 p 'Scenario-1';
Method; Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.03 J Europe EI 99 H,+H / Weighting
Crude oil, at production/RNA
Bituminous coal, at mine/US
Transport, train, diesel powered/US
Transport, ocean freighter, residual fuel ail powered/US
Transport, ocean freighter, average fuel mix,'US
Transport, combination truck, average fuel mi) US
Lj Transport, barge, diesel powered/US
Residual fuel oil, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Natural gas, processed, at plant,/(US
Loader operation, large, NE -NCB RNA

Eco-Indicator Results — Inventory List (Scenario 1)
Damage Category -Resources
Energy, from oil
Energy, from gas, natural
Coal, 26.4 Ma per kg
Lead
Iro n
Nickel
Manganese
Molybdenum
Zinc oxide
Zinc
Analyzing 1 p 'Scenario-1';
Method: Eco-indicator 99 (H) LCA Food V2.03 } Europe EI 99 H/H / Weighting
Oil, crude
Gas, natural
Energy, from coal
Copper
Zinc
Aluminium
chromium
Tin
Zinc
Zinc

Sel I Impact category I Unit I Scenario-1 I Scenario-2 I Scenario-3 I Scenario-4 I Scenario-5
100
95
90
85
60
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
rv'
ozone depletion
kg CFC-11 eq
0.00327
0.00502
0.0116
rv-
Global warming
kg COO eq
2E6
4.77E6
1.41E7
TRACIResults
r
Smog
kg 03 eq
3.02E5
7.58E5
2.42E6
r
acidification
kg S02 eq
1.01E4
2.62E4
8.35E4
(Comparison)
r
Eutrophication
kg N eq
576
1.48E3
4.73E3
r
Carcinogenics
CTUh
0.00814
0.0361
0.127
rv-
Non carcinogenics
CTUh
0.0755
0.343
1.21
r7o
Respiratory effects
kg PM2.5 eq
371
754
2.16E3
Comparing product stages;
rv-
Ecotoxlclty
CTUe
1.42EG
6.57E6
2.33E7
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Characterization
F%P'
Fossil fuel depletion
Ma surplus
13.94E&
19.1EG
2.66E7
Ozone depletio
n
Global warmin Smog Acidification Eutrophication Carcinogenics Non carcinoge Respiratory
g nics effects
Scenario-1 0 Scenario-2 0 Scenario-3 N Scenario-4 E Scenario-5
0.0122
3.09E7
5.2E6
1.84E5
1.04E4
0.356
3.42
3.94E3
6.6E7
5.67E7
0.0131
5.45E7
1.14E7
3.92E5
2.24E4
0.688
6.61
7.94E3
1.28E8
1E8
Ecotoxicit7y Fossil fuel
depletion

Sel I Impact category Unit I Scenario-1 I Scenario-2 I Scenario-3 I Scenario-4 naricy-5
28000
26000
24000
22000
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2.000
0
TRACT Results
(Comparison)
Comparing product stages;
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Normalization
17
Ozone depletion
0.818
1.26
2.89
3.05
3.28
rv-
Global warming
86.7
207
611
1.34E3
2.36E3
r
Smog
163
410
1.31E3
2.81E3
6.17E3
rv-
,acidification
76.3
197
629
1.39E3
2.95E3
r
Eutrophication
44.4
114
365
799
1.73E3
F
Carcinogenics
351
1.55E3
5.47E3
1.53E4
2.96E4
r7e
Non carcinogenics
84.1
382
1.35E3
3.81E3
7.37E3
r
Respiratory effects
4.64
9.43
27
49.3
99.2
F7
Ecotoxicity
I136
631
2.24E3
6.33E3
1.23E4
r
Fossil fuel depletion
I118
273
798
1.7E3
3.01E3
---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- I ---------------- -------------------------------
------------------ j -------------------- in ------------------------------ -------------- ---------------------
Ozone depletio Global warmin Smog Acidification Eutrophication Carcinogenics Non carcinoge Respiratory Ecotoxicity Fossil fuel
n g nits effects depletion
Scenario-1 E Scenario-2 El Scenario-3 ■ Scenario-4 E Scenario-5

Sel I Impact category Unit I Total I Scenario,-1
r7o Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 0.00327 0.00327
global warming kg CO2 eq 2E6 J2EG
Si ma Pro 8 Analsis Smog kg 03 eq 3.0E 3.OE
v
rv—o Acidification kg S02 eq 1.01E4 1.01E4
TRACI 1 rv—o Eutrophication kg N eq 576 6
r7o Carcinogenics CTUh 0.00814 O.14
Non carcinogenics CTUh 0.0755 0.0755
Scenario 1;
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Characterization Respiratory effects kg FM.S eq 37171
r%o- Ecotoxicity CTUe 1.42E& 1.42E
rv—o Fossil fuel depletion MJ surplus 3.94E&r 13.94E6
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
13
10
i7
Ozone depletio Global 5.-�drmin Smog-_idification Eu•trophicatiorn Carcinogenics Non carcinoge Respiratory Ecotoxicity Fossil fuel
n 9 nics effects depletion
Scenario-1

Sel I Impact category
Tota I
Scenario-1
340
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
SimaPro 8 Analysis TRACI (Scenario 1)
Scenario 1;
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Normalization
ozone depletion
0.818
8.818
f7
Global warming
86.7
86.7
Wo,
Smog
163
163
IV
Acidification
76.3
76.3
W
Eutrophication
44.4
44.4
lr
Carcinogenics
351
351
r7o,
Non carcinogenics
84.1
84.1
Respiratory effects
4.64
4.64
1`
Ecotoxicity
136
136
Fossil fuel depletion
118
118
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---- -------------------------- ------ -------
---- --------------------------- ------ -------
---- -------------------------- ------- -------
---- 0 -------------------------- ------- -------
Ozone depletio Global warming Smog Acidification Eutrophication Carcinogenics Non carcinogen
n ics
N Scenario-1
Respiratory Ecotoxicity Fossil fuel
effects depletion

150
TRACT Results (Scenario 1) — Process Contribution for
Carcinogenic Impacts
Comparing product stages;
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Normalization
I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i i f 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
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I 1
I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I
I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I 1 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I 1 I I I I I
-J---J---J-_-J----I--_-I----I-_--I----I--- !----I-_-!----1-_-l---l_-_l---l-_-l---l_-_l_--L---L---L---L--'L---L---L---L---L---1---1---1---1---1---1---1---1---J---J---J---J---J---J---J---J ---J-_-J---J---J---J-_
1
Scenario-1
Crude oil, at production/RNA
Diesel, at refinery/I/US
Diesel, combusted in industrial equipment,/US
Electricity, bituminous coal, at power plant/US
Natural gas, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Electricity, lignite coal, at power plant,�US
Liquefied petroleum gas, at refinery/I/US
Diesel, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Lj Excavator, technology mix, 500 M, Mining GLO
Fuel grade uranium, at regional storage/US
Comparing product stages;
Method; TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Normalization
Diesel, from crude oil, consumption mix, at refinery, 200 ppm sulphur EU-15 S
Natural gas, at extraction site/US
Residual fuel oil, at refinery/I/US
Residual fuel oil, combusted in industrial boiler/US
Electricity, biomass, at power plant/US
Gasoline, at refinery/I/US
Electricity, residual fuel oil, at power plant/US
Electricity, natural gas, at power plant/US
Gasoline, combusted in equipment/US
Bituminous coal, combusted in industrial boiler/US

TRACT Results (Scenario 1)
Carcinogenic Impacts
Comparing product stages;
Method: TRACI 2.1 V1.01 / Canada 2005 / Normalization
— Inventory List for
Chromium
chromium III
Chromium VI
chromium
Arsenic
Mercury
Nickel
Arsenic
PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Chromium VI
Comparing product stages;
Method: TRAC:I 2.1 V1.01 r' Canada 2005 J Normalization
Chromium
Chromium
Arsenic
chromium
Formaldehyde
Nickel
Arsenic
Chromium ffi
Nickel
Lead

TRACT Results (Scenario 1) — Network Analysis for
Carcinogenic Impacts
1.31 E6 tkni
Transport,
6' 13
1P
Scenario-1
0 0 %
1p
Scenario-1
0 i i (.14,]
1.47E9 kg
Excavato rr
i,40;�
1455E
Loader
6.Q�,'3