20181192_Community Impact Assessment - June 2015_20151201

COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT
For
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
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Wake and Johnston Counties
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829
State Project Nos. 6.401078, 6.401079, and 6.401080
Federal Aid Project Nos. STP-0540(19), STP-0540(20), and STP-0540(21)
WBS Nos. 37673.1.TA2, 35516.1.TA2, and 35517.1.TA1
Prepared for:
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Prepared By:
H.W. Lochner, Inc.
LOCHI�JER
June 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Complete 540 - Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension
Community Impact Assessment
NCDOT STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, R-2829
Wake and Johnston Counties
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................... E-1
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................. 2
2.1 Proposed Action and Project Purpose ........................................................ 2
2.2 Functional Classification ......................................................................... 2
2.3 Project Alternatives ............................................................................... 3
3 PROJECT SETTING .................................................................................... 5
3.1 Geographic and Political Description ......................................................... 5
3.2 Community Description .......................................................................... 5
4 COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS .......................................... 9
4.1 Data/Information Sources ...................................................................... 9
4.2 Community Study Areas ......................................................................... 9
5 COMMUNITY CONTEXT ........................................................................... 11
5.1 Community Demographics .................................................................... 12
5.1.1 Population Trends ............................................................................ 13
5.1.2 Race and Ethnicity .......................................................................... 13
5.1.3 Age ............................................................................................... 15
5.1.4 Income ... .... .... .... ... . ... ........ .... .... . ... .... ... . .... .... ....... .... .... .... .... . ... .... . 16
5.1.5 Environmental Justice Considerations ................................................. 16
5.1.6 Means of Transportation ................................................................... 19
5.1.7 Limited English Proficiency ............................................................... 20
5.2 Housing Characteristics ........................................................................ 21
5.3 Business and Employment Characteristics ............................................... 22
5.4 Community Resources ......................................................................... 25
5.4.1 Educational Facilities ....................................................................... 25
5.4.2 Parks, Recreation and Commmunity Facilities ...................................... 25
5.4.2.1 Public Parks and Recreation .................................................... 26
5.4.2.2 Golf Courses ........................................................................ 28
5.4.2.3 Community Centers and Libraries ............................................ 29
5.4.2.4 Places of Worship .................................................................. 29
5.4.2.5 Medical Centers and Hospitals ................................................. Z9
5.4.2.6 Public Safety Facilities ........................................................... 30
5.4.3 Bicycle and Transit Routes ............................................................... .30
5.4.4 Voluntary Agricultural Districts .......................................................... 32
5.5 Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 32
5.5.1 Electric Power ................................................................................. 3Z
5.5.2 Natural Gas .................................................................................... 32
5.5.3 Water and Sewer ............................................................................ 32
Community Impacf Assessment I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

5.6 Neighborhoods ....................................................................................33
5.7 Plans and Regulations .......................................................................... 35
5.8 Natural Resources ............................................................................... 38
6 POTENTIAL COMMUNITY IMPACTS ......................................................... 40
6.1 Project Area Effects ............................................................................. 40
6.1.1 Visual, Character and Aesthetic Effects ............................................... 40
6.1.2 Transportation Network ................................................................... 41
6.1.2.1 Mobility and Access ................................................................ 41
6.1.2.2 Transit ................................................................................. 42
6.1.3 Economic ....................................................................................... 42
6.1.4 Community Safety .......................................................................... 43
6.1.4.1 Emergency Response ............................................................. 43
6.1.4.2 Pedestrian and Bicycle ............................................................ 43
6.1.5 Land Use ....................................................................................... 43
6.1.6 Farmland ....................................................................................... 44
6.1.7 Natural Resources ........................................................................... 46
6.2 Neighborhood/Community Effects .......................................................... 46
6.2.1 Community Services and Facilities .................................................... .46
6.2.1.1 Schools ................................................................................ 46
6.2.1.2 Parks, Recreation and Community Facilities ............................... 46
6.2.1.3 Places of Worship ................................................................... 48
6.2.1.4 Infrastructure ........................................................................ 48
6.2.2 Relocations and Displacements ......................................................... 48
6.2.3 Neighborhood and Community Cohesion Impacts ................................. 50
6.3 Environmental Justice .......................................................................... 53
6.3.1 Tolling Considerations ...................................................................... 53
6.3.2 Environmental Justice Findings .......................................................... 54
6.4 Section 4(f) Resources ......................................................................... 56
7 IMPACT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................. 61
7.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 61
7.2 Recommendations ...............................................................................62
8 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 62
Community Impacf Assessment I I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Preliminary Corridor Alternatives Comprising Each Detailed Study
Alternative......................................................................................... 3
Table 2. Demographic Study Area Census Block Groups (2010) .............................. 9
Table 3. Population Change - 2000 to 2010 .......................................................12
Table 4. Population by Race, Population by Ethnicity, and Total Minority Population
(2010) ..............................................................................................14
Table 5. Population by Age Group and Median Age (2010) ....................................15
Table 6. Median Household Income ...................................................................16
Table 7. Poverty Status ...................................................................................19
Table 8. Means of Transportation to Work ..........................................................20
Table 9. Percentage of Adults Who Speak English Less than Very Well ...................20
Table 10. Housing Characteristics .......................................................................22
Table 11. Unemployment Rates ..........................................................................23
Table 12. Annual Employment Distribution - 2002/2012 ........................................24
Table 13. Educational Facilities Within the Demographic Study Area ........................25
Table 14. Parks and Recreational Facilities Within the Demographic Study
Area.................................................................................................26
Table 15. Places of Worship Within the DCIA ........................................................29
Table 16. Named Neighborhoods Within the DCIA .................................................33
Table 17. Impacts to Prime Farmland ..................................................................45
Table 18. Relocations Required by DSAs ..............................................................49
Table 19. Neighborhood Impacts of Preliminary Corridor Alternatives ......................52
Table 20. General Environmental Justice Evaluation forToll Facilities .......................54
Table 21. Household Income Levels of Residential Relocations ................................56
Community Impacf Assessment I I
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

Figure 1.
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Figure 17.
Figure 18.
LIST OF FIGURES
(Figures Follow Text)
Project Setting
Project Study Area
Detailed Study Alternatives
Demographic Study Area
Community Context
Minority Population
Hispanic Population
Concentrated Minority Populations
Population Below Poverty Level
Limited English Proficiency Population
Community Resources
Voluntary Agricultural Districts
White Deer Park
Planned Bryan Road Nature Park
Clemmons Educational State Forest
Planned Sunset Oaks Park
Middle Creek School Park
Neuse River Trail
Community Impacf Assessment I II
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

Appendix A.
Appendix B.
Appendix C.
Appendix D,
Appendix E.
Appendix F.
APPENDICES
Local Government Interviews
Detailed Population Characteristics Tables
Adults Who Speak English Less than Very Well
Bicycle Routes Map
Transit Route Maps
Farmland Conversion Impact Rating Forms
Community Impacf Assessment I II
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

EXECUTIVE SU M MARY
This Community Impact Assessment (CIA) evaluates the effects of the subject project on the
surrounding communities and on quality of life in those communities. More specifically, the CIA
assesses and documents the potential direct impacts of the project on several aspects of the human
environment, including social, physical and visual characteristics; land use patterns and economic
trends; mobility and access patterns; and area neighborhoods. The CIA also includes recommendations
for avoiding, minimizing, and mitigating potential impacts.
As iinpacts to communities also can be indirect in nature, a separate assessinent of indirect and
cumulative effects resulting from the proposed project were conducted under a separate technical study,
documented in the project's Indirect and Cumulative Effects Report (Lochner, 2014b).
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), in cooperation with the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), proposes transportation improvements from NC 55 Bypass in Apex to the US
64/LTS 264 Bypass in Knightdale. The focus of these improvements is a potential extension of the
Triangle Expressway (NC 540). This project is designated as three projects in the NCDOT 2012-2018
State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP)—R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829. Together, these
STIP projects would combine to complete the 540 Outer Loop around the Raleigh metropolitan area.
The Complete 540 - Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension (540 Outer Loop) project is also included
in the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro
MPO joint 2035 Long Range TYansportation Plan (LRTP).
Based on the identified transportation needs, the purpose of the proposed action is to improve
transportation mobility for trips within, or traveling through, the project study area during the peak travel
period. A second purpose of the proposed action is to reduce forecast congestion on the existing
roadway network within the project study area. Another desirable outcome of the project is to improve
system linkage in the roadway network in the project study area, in accordance with state and local
plans.
Within southern and southeastern Wake County and northern Johnston County, there are limited
alternatives for efficient local and long distance travel. Many alternative routes consist of unlimited
access primary and secondary roads with no access control, lower posted speed limits, and traffic signals.
Much of I-40, an iinportant transportation corridor for local freight and commuter iraffic, and the major
corridor for interregional traffic across the area, currently operates at unacceptable levels of service
(LOS) of E or F. LOS on this and other major routes across the area is forecast to worsen significantly.
Kev Community Characteristics
Demographics
• Census data show that between 2000 and 2010, the population of the project's Demographic Study
Area grew dramatically. Wake County's population grew by over 43 percent and Johnston County's
grew by over 38 percent, compared to North Carolina's statewide population growth of about 18
percent. The populations of all of the municipalities in the study area increased substantially over
this same time period, with the fastest growth in Holly Springs (over 167 percent), Clayton (over
133 percent) and Fuquay-Varina (over 127 percent). Most of the highest growth areas in the
Demographic Study Area are along its periphery, due in part to the presence of developable land
Community Impact Assessment E-1
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 – June 2015

and proximity to area job centers, particularly in the Apex and Holly Springs area and in
southwestern Clayton.
• Census data indicate a presence of minority and/or low income populations that would meet the
criteria for environmental jusiice consideration within the Demographic Study Area. Possible low-
income populations were observed within the Direct Community Impact Area (DCIA) during site
visits.
Minority populations in the Demographic Study Area are concentrated at the northern edge of the
Demographic Study Area in the Garner, southeast Raleigh and Knightdale areas. Hispanic
populations are concentrated in Garner, Clayton, Knightdale, and near US 401. The Demographic
Study Area has a slightly lower percentage of African American residents (19.0 percent) than Wake
County (20.7 percent) and a slightly higher percentage than Johnston County (15.1 percent). The
Demographic Study Area has a percentage of Hispanic residents (10.4 percent) similar to Wake
County (9.8 percent); Johnston County's percentage of Hispanic residents (12.9 percent) is higher
than in the Demographic Study Area or Wake County.
About 10 percent of individuals in the Demographic Study Area live below the poverty level,
compared to approximately 11 percent in Wake County and 17 percent in Johnston County.
• There do not appear to be any general areas in the Demographic Study Area where the population
composition has unusually high senior or youth populations. The median age in the Demographic
Study Area is about 36, similar to median ages in Wake and Johnston counties.
The lowest reported median incomes are generally located in block groups concentrated in the north
central and northeastern part of the Demographic Study Area, in Garner, southeast Raleigh and
Knightdale. Central areas of Clayton are also characterized by lower median household incomes
than the Demographic Study Area as a whole. Many of these areas also include higher than average
concentrations of minority residents. Median incomes tend to be much higher than the Demographic
Study Area as a whole in the northwestern and western edges of the study area, in southern Cary,
Apex, and Holly Springs.
About 5 percent of individuals within the Demographic Study Area have limited English
proficiency, similar to the percentages in Wake and Johnston counties. Census data indicate the
presence of a Spanish language group that exceeds the Department of Justice's Safe Harbor
threshold of 5 percent or 1,000 persons. Census data also indicate a Spanish language group
exceeding 50 persons that may require language assistance within ihe Demographic Study Area.
Block groups with high percentages of individuals with limited English proficiency are located in
Garner, southeast Raleigh, and Knightdale. More than 20 percent of the individuals in Wake County
Census Tracts 530.09 Block Group 4 and 541.15 Block Group 4 have limited English proficiency.
• The Demographic Study Area features a relatively high median home value and relatively low
percentages of renter-occupied and vacant units, although there is some variation across the area.
The western and southern parts of the Demographic Study Area tend to have higher median home
values and lower percentages of renter-occupied and vacant units. The reverse is true for the areas
in central Garner and southeast Raleigh.
Community Characteristics
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

Land use in the Demographic Study Area and the Direct Community Impact Area (DCIA) is of
mixed intensity and density, although low-density residential subdivisions and rural land uses are
the most prevalent characteristics of the area. Much of the area was, until recently, characterized
by agricultural and rural residential land uses. Many of the communities in the Demographic Study
Area and the DCIA have become increasingly popular locations for suburban development as people
commuting to jobs in Research Triangle Parlc, Raleigh, and other employment centers in the
Research Triangle region seek affordable housing, open space, and the quality of life offered by
southern Wake County and Johnston County.
There are numerous named residential subdivisions in the Demographic Study Area for the
Complete 540 project, along with many smaller, rural residential neighborhoods. The vast majority
of these are single-family residential subdivisions, although there are also a number of mobile home
parks. Residential subdivisions are more prevalent in the western part of the Demographic Study
Area, although areas surrounding Clayton are increasingly popular locations for development of
new subdivisions.
Numerous schools, places of worship, parks, recreation areas, and other community resources are
located throughout the DCIA for the project. Public seroices such as police, fire and rescue, post
offices, and libraries are also present. Several bicycle and pedestrian facilities are located in the
DCIA.
• There are several farms in the DCIA that are part of Walce or Johnston Counties' Voluntary
Agricultural District (VAD) programs. Johnston County's VAD program includes a public hearing
requirement with the local VAD Advisory Board only if land participating in the program is acquired
through eminent domain, but Wake County's does not. Several local land use plans identify a need
to preserve area farmland and agricultural operations.
Local Planning Initiatives/Docuinents
Most of the municipalities in the Demographic Study Area have adopted comprehensive plans,
which include designated future land uses. A number of these plans show the proposed route for
the Complete 540 project and include special land use categories or overlay districts for the proposed
route.
Several municipalities in the Demographic Study Area have adopted transportation plans, which
designate the Complete 540 project as an important transportation need for the area. These
municipalities include Wake County, Garner, Holly Springs, Knightdale, Johnston County, and
Clayton.
The Wake County Land Use Plan includes a special Land Management Plan for the Swift Creek
watershed area. The Land Management Plan identifies the Swift Creek basin's Watershed Critical
Area and watershed buffer areas, within which development activities are limited, and also identifies
appropriate low-density land use categories for the surrounding areas.
Potential Communiry Impacts — Visual/Aesthetic
• All of the DSAs have the potential to offer visually pleasing views of rural, agricultural and natural
areas from the proposed roadway. On the other hand, all of the DSAs have the potential to detract
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

from existing views of rural and natural areas from neighborhoods adjacent to the proposed roadway
by altering those views.
• DSAs using the Red Corridor would cross a developed low-density suburban landscape in Garner.
In addition to numerous residential neighborhoods, this area includes multiple existing and planned
nature-oriented parks. The introduction of the roadway in this corridor would result in more
significant negative visual impacts than DSAs using the Orange Corridor.
DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would cross a developed low-density suburban
landscape in northeastern Holly Springs, southern Cary and Apex, and northeastern Fuquay-Varina.
The introduction of the roadway along this corridor would result in more significant negative visual
impacts than DSAs using the Orange Corridor.
• DSAs using the Orange or Lilac Corridors would cross the same rural and suburban landscape south
of Ten Ten Road and west of NC 50. However, the Lilac Corridor would directly impact more
neighborhoods in this area than the Orange Corridor, displacing more residences and thus possibly
creating a greater visual impact in this area.
Potential Community Impacts — Transportation Network
• The project should enhance mobility and system-wide connectivity in the project area, facilitating
vehicular access to businesses, public services, and other facilities in the area.
• There are limited current transportation options between growing communities in the project area
and major employment and activity centers along the existing 540 Outer Loop and along roadways
connecting to the existing Outer Loop, such as I-40, NC 147, and US 1/64. By providing a
controlled-access, high-speed connection across the project area, the project would improve regional
roadway system linkage, which would help enhance mobility and improve access.
• By reducing travel tiines between residences, employment centers, and commercial areas, and by
reducing congestion on the area roadway network, the project would improve mobility and access
for project area residents and travelers.
Potential Community bnpacts — Economic, Community Safety, Land Use, Farmland
• While economic development is not an explicit component of the purpose of the Complete 540
project, local, regional, and state planners and elected officials believe the project would improve
the economic competitiveness of the project area. The municipalities in the project area anticipate
that the project will spur commercial and industrial growth near interchange areas, increasing local
tax bases and providing new jobs for area workers.
• The project could likely have a long-term positive impact on emergency response times in the DCIA
by shortening some response times and by providing improved east-west mobility in the area. None
of the DSAs would directly impact any fire stations or police stations and none of these facilities
are located adjacent to the any of the DSAs.
• Because it would be a controlled-access toll facility, the proposed project does not include pedestrian
and bicycle facilities. None of the DSAs are expected to affect the overall safety of non-motorist
access to businesses, public services, schools, or other facilities.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

• The project does not conflict with any local land use plans or with any of the jurisdictions' desired
development patterns. Several of these plans include land use policies that explicitly support the
project, and most of the plans that include these policies base them on the assumption that the project
will be located within a corridor protected for the project by NCDOT in the mid 1990s.
• While the Orange Corridor, which generally follows the protected corridor, most closely aligns with
local land use planning objectives and desired development patterns, some of the other corridors
could also either support these objectives or avoid conflicting with them.
• All of the corridors east of I-40 (Green, Mint Green, Brown, Tan, and Teal) would offer at least
partial support to local planning objectives. One notable exception is the Green Corridor's potential
impacts on the Randleigh Farm property, which would disrupt City of Raleigh plans to develop this
site as a mixed-use community. The Mint Green and Tan Corridors also iinpact this property, but
would shifi the impacts closer to the eastern edge of the property.
• The Red Corridor would have notable negative impacts on local land use planning objectives and
desired development patterns. It would limit the Town of Garner's plans to promote orderly growth
and would directly impact the Greenfield South Business Park, the foundation of Garner's local
employment and tax base. This would conflict with the Town's objectives of promoting the
expansion of the local tax base and expanding non-residential uses. Development of the project in
the Red Corridor would require a complete rewrite of Garner's Comprehensive Growth Plan.
The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would also negatively impact local land use planning objectives; in
particular, it would conflict with Town of Holly Springs and Wake County land use plans. It
conflicts with all of Holly Springs's long range plans developed since the time the protected corridor
was established, in 1996 and 1997, conflicting with planned locations of future regional centers for
mixed use development, planned access to the regional transportation network, and desired
connectivity between neighborhoods. Similarly, the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would conflict with
the planned locations of future activity centers in Wake County's land use plan, shifting needed
transportation access away from these areas onto more residential areas.
All proposed DSAs would involve the use of prime, statewide, and locally important farmland, and
other existing agricultural lands, but none would exceed the Farmland Protection Policy Act
threshold requiring mitigation for farmland loss. Three VAD farms would be affected by project
DSAs. The Orange and Lilac Corridors would impact one VAD farm. The Purple-Blue-Lilac
Corridor would impact another VAD farm. The Brown Corridor would impact the remaining VAD
farm.
Potential Community Impacts — Neighborhood/Community Effects
DSAs using the complete Orange Corridor between NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in
substantially fewer relocations than the other DSAs. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
would result in the highest number of relocations, requiring over twice as many relocations as those
using the complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Orange Corridor to the Lilac Corridor between
NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in nearly 80 percent mare relocations as those using the
complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Red Corridor would result in over 60 percent more
relocations as those using the complete Orange Corridor. Nearly all the relocations required by any
of the DSAs would be residential relocations.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

• The project would result in population changes in neighborhoods due to required relocations.
Redistribution of population is most lilcely to occur with DSAs that displace a greater number of
residents in a neighborhood or DSAs that displace residents in the centers of neighborhoods, as
opposed to the edges. This would include DSAs using the Lilac, Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridors.
• All of the project DSAs would have negative impacts on existing neighborhoods. DSAs using the
Orange Corridor would directly impact fewer neighborhoods than DSAs using the Red, Lilac, or
Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridors, which would all bisect multiple residential neighborhoods, with the
Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor bisecting the largest number of neighborhoods.
All of the DSAs would have minimal impacts on low-income and minority communities. While
minority and low-income populations are present in the DCIA, no notably adverse community
impacts are anticipated with this project; thus, impacts to minority and low-income populations do
not appear to be disproportionately high or adverse. A small percentage of the required relocatees
have household incomes at or near the poverty ]eveL In addition, there appears to be only one small
neighborhood with a concentrated population of minoriry residents affected by the DSAs. The
resulting number of the required relocations in this neighborhood is a small percentage of the total
relocations for each DSA. Benefits and burdens resulting from the project are anticipated to be
equitably distributed throughout the community.
DSAs that result in relocations at the edges of neighborhoods are less likely to have substantial
negative impacts on community cohesion than DSAs resulting in more relocations in the centers of
neighborhoods. All of the DSAs would have some effect on community cohesion. The Lilac,
Purple-Blue-Lilac, and Red Corridors would be most likely to disrupt community cohesion than the
other corridors because they would divide more neighborhoods than other corridors. The Red
Corridor would physically divide the Town of Garner, separating lower-income areas to the north
from higher-income areas to the south.
DSAs using the Red Corridor would impact two Town of Garner-owned park properties subject to
Section 4(� requirements: the White Deer Park planned expansion area and the planned Bryan Road
Nature Park. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would impact one planned parlc property
subject to Section 4(� requirements: the planned Town of Holly Springs Sunset Oaks Park. DSAs
using the complete Brown Corridor would directly affect the Watershed Extension Loop Trail in the
Clemmons Educational State Forest; Section 4(� applicability to this resource will be resolved prior
to publication of the Complete 540 project's Final EIS. DSAs using the Orange Corridor east of
Holly Springs Road would impact the Middle Creek School Park, which is eligible for protection
under Section 4(�; however, the impact is not anticipated to adversely affect the activities, features,
and attributes of this park. All DSAs would cross the Neuse River Trail in the eastern project area,
near Auburn Knightdale Road, but none is anticipated to adversely affect the activities, features, and
attributes of the trail.
• Wake Technical Community College is the only educational facility that would be directly impacted
by project DSAs. DSAs using the Orange Corridor would encroach on property at Wake Tech, but
would not impact any buildings on the site.
• All of the DSAs would encroach on a church parcel near the western terminus of the project (Word
of Truth Church of God). DSAs using the Red Corridor would also encroach on a church parcel on
Auburn-Knightdale Road (Springfield Baptist Church).
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

No community centers, libraries, medical facilities or public safety facilities would be directly
impacted by any of the DSAs.
There are several 303(d)-listed streams in the Demographic Study Area. These include portions of
Swift Creek, Middle Creek, Terrible Creek, Little Creek, Beddingfield Creek, and the Neuse River.
While all of the DSAs cross Swift Creek; the Red Corridor also crosses a 303(d)-listed upstream
tributary to Swift Creek. All of the DSAs cross Middle Creek near the western project terminus,
while only those using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor cross Middle Creek a second time. DSAs
using the Purple-Blue Lilac Corridor also cross a 303(d)-listed portion of Terrible Creek. The
Brown Corridar crosses 303(d)-listed portions of Little Creek and Beddingfield Creek. The Green,
Mint Green, and Tan Corridors cross 303(d)-listed portions of the Neuse River. There is also one
water supply watershed, the Swift Creek Critical Watershed. The Red Corridar crosses the Swift
Creek Critical Watershed. The Demographic Study Area does not include any high-quality waters,
outstanding water resources, or trout streams.
All of the DSAs have the potential to affect the Swift Creek Aquatic Habitat Natural Heritage
Program (NHP) Natural Area. The DSAs that include the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor also have the
potential to affect the Middle Creek Aquatic Habitat, Middle Creek Bluffs and Floodplain, and Blue
Pond Salamander Site NHP Natural Areas.
Recommendations
Once a Preferred Alternative is selected, the NCDOT should consider additional mitigation
measures for community impacts, based on the final designs and comments from affected
communities. Mitigation options for lessening neighborhood impacts were incorporated into the
functional engineering designs, where practicable.
• The aesthetic quality of the proposed project areas could be enhanced by the following measures,
which can be considered during final design:
1. Implementation of a roadside landscaping plan
2. Structural design (such as drainage structures and bridges) consideration to enhance visual
appearance
3. Bifurcated roadways (opposing lanes on roadways on different grades) to blend better with
existing topographical features
4. Natural earth berms for mitigation of noise and visual impacts where space permits
• If the Preferred Alternative uses the Green, Mint Green, or Tan Corridors, NCDOT should begin
coordination with the City of Raleigh and Wake County to determine ways to mitigate impacts to
the Randleigh Farm property.
• NCDOT should coordinate with local jurisdictions to discuss accommodations for sidewalks, bike
lanes, and pedestrian crossings where appropriate and feasible.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

A11 DSAs would temporarily impact school bus routes during construction and result in
modifications of existing routes or require new bus routes. NCDOT should coordinate with Wake
and Johnston County schools to identify ways to minimize disruptions to school bus routes once a
Preferred Alternative is identified.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 — June 2015

1 INTRODUCTION
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires agencies to consider how their actions may
impact the human environment, as well as the natural and physical environments. This is accomplished
through development of a Community Impact Assessment (CIA), which evaluates the effects of a project
on the surrounding community and its quality of life. The CIA assesses potential iinpacts on several
aspects of the human environment, including:
• social
• physical
• land use
• economic
• visual
• economic issues
• mobility/access
• displacements
The CIA also assesses the potential for the project to have high and disproportionately adverse effects
on environmental justice and Limited English Proficiency (LEP) populations. Environmental justice
populations are communities of minority and/or low-income people. LEP populations are communities
of people with limited fluency in spoken and written English. These populations have, in the past, been
underrepresented in the decision-making process.
The Community Characteristics Report (CCR) (Lochner, 2011 a) served as the first step in development
of the CIA for the Complete 540 project. The CCR sumi�narized baseline conditions and trends as a
foundation for the CIA. This CIA Report summarizes the next step in evaluating the effects of the
project on the surrounding community. The analysis component of the CIA addresses only the direct
impact of the project on the community. Indirect and cumulative effects, in the form of land use change
resulting from the proposed project, including indirect community impacts, are presented in a separate
technical report, the Indirect and Cumulative Effects Report (Lochner, 2014b).
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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUND
2.1 PROPOSED ACTION AND PROJECT PURPOSE
The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), in cooperation with the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), proposes transportation improvements in the project study area and
surrounding region io address transportation needs as defined in the project's Purpose and Need
Statement (Lochner, 2011b). The focus of these improvements is a potential extension of the Triangle
Expressway (NC 540) from its current tenninus at the NC 55 Bypass in Apex to the US 64/US 264
Bypass in Knightdale. This action is designated as three projects in the NCDOT 2009-2015 STIP: R-
2721, R-2828, and R-2829. Together, these STiP projects would combine to complete the 540 Outer
Loop around the Raleigh metropolitan area. In some instances, for ease of discussing the project, the
project is referred to as having two phases: Phase I is the western portion of the study area between NC
55 Bypass in Apex and I-40 near the Wake/Jobnston County line; Phase II is the eastern portion of the
study area between I-40 and US 64/US 264 Bypass in Knightdale. NCDOT established a protected
corridor for the project between NC 55 Bypass and I-40 in 1996 and 1997. For purposes of ineeting the
requirements of NEPA, both phases are being examined in the current study as a single and complete
project. It is likely that the project would be constructed in phases, but depending on the availability of
funding, may or may not be consistent with the current phase descriptions noted. Figure 1 shows the
general project setting.
The project study area is located south and southeast of the City of Raleigh between the towns of Holly
Springs to the west and Knightdale to the east. The project study area extends as far south as NC 42
between Fuquay-Varina and Clayton. While most of the project study area is within Wake County, a
small portion of western Johnston County is also included. Figure 2 depicts the project study area.
This project, referred to as the Complete 540—Triangle Expressway Southeast Extension, is intended to
improve transportation mobility and reduce forecast traffic congestion. The proposed action is included
in the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro
MPO joint 2035 Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) (2009), as well as the Capital Area MPO
2012-2018 Metropolitan Transportation Improvement Program (MTIP) (2011). In addition, the
proposed action is included in the State's system of Strategic Transportation Corridors (STC) aimed at
providing a safe, reliable, and efficient network of transportation facilities within North Carolina
(NCDOT, 2015).
NCDOT developed the Purpose and Need Statement (Lochner, 2011b) for this project with input from
federal and state environmental regulatory and resource agencies and the Capital Area MPO at Turnpike
Environmental Agency Coordination (TEAC) meetings and at Capital Area MPO meetings held on June
16, 2010, and September 15, 2010. NCDOT also incorparated public input solicited at public meetings
held in September 2010, December 2010, and October 2013.
2.2 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
There are several major travel routes through the project study area; these routes are shown in Figure
1. I-40 is one of the major east-west routes through North Carolina, connecting Raleigh and its
surrounding communiries to southeastern North Carolina and I-95 to the east. To the west, I-40 connects
the area to Research Triangle Park (RTP), Durham, and other cities in central and western North
Carolina. I-440, the Raleigh Beltline, is a partial loop facility around Raleigh, connecting the suburban
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areas surrounding the city. Existing I-540/NC 540 currently extends around the north and west sides of
the Raleigh area, connecting outlying areas in Apex, Cary, northern Raleigh, and Knightdale. US 64 is
another important east-west route through North Carolina; in the project study area, it traverses central
Wake County. US 1 connects areas nartheast of Raleigh to expanding suburban communities southwest
of Raleigh.
Within southern and southeastern Wake County, there are limited alternatives for efficient local and
long-distance travel. For residents in rapidly growing areas of southern and southeastern Wake County
and northwestern Johnston County, routes for travel to many of the region's major employment centers
consist of unliinited access, primary and secondary roads with lower posted speed limits and frequent
traffic signals. Much of I-40, an important transportation corridor for local freight and commuter traffic,
and the major corridor for interregional traffic, currently operates at unacceptable ]evels of service
(LOS) E or F, and LOS on this and other major routes across the area is forecast to worsen significantly.
The proposed project would be a new location fully controlled-access toll facility.
2.3 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
The project's Alternatives Development and Analysis Report (Lochner, 2014a) evaluated several
possible alternatives associated with this project through a three tiered screening process. These
alternatives have been developed and evaluated as color-coded segments termed Preliminary Corridor
Alternatives. Combinations of ihe various Preliminary Corridor Alternatives comprise end-to-end
project alternatives. The end-to-end project alternatives remaining following the screening process
outlined in the Alternatives Development and Analysis Report are termed Detailed Study Alternatives
(DSAs), which will be documented and evaluated in detail in the project's Draft Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS). Figure 3 shows the locations of the Preliminary Corridar Alternatives that make up
the DSAs for the project. Table 1 lists the Preliminary Corridor Alternatives that make up each of the
DSAs.
Table 1. Preliminary Corridor Alternatives Comprising Each Detailed Study
Alternative
DSA Preliminary Corridor Alternatives
� Orange to Green
2 Orange to Green to Mint Green to Green
3 Orange to Brown (South) to Tan (North) to Green
4 Orange to Brown to Green
5 Orange to Green to Teal to Brown to Green
6 Orange to Red to Green
7 Orange to Red to Mint Green to Green
$ Orange to Purple-Blue-Lilac to Green
g Orange to Purple-Blue-Lilac to Green to Mint Green to Green
10 Orange to Purple-Blue-Lilac to Brown (South) to Tan (North) to Green
11 Orange to Purple-Blue-Lilac to Brown to Green
� 2 Orange to Purple-Blue-Lilac to Teal to Brown to Green
13 Orange to Lilac (at Sauls Road) to Green
14 Orange to Lilac (at Sauls Road) to Green to Mint Green to Green
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Table 1. Preliminary Corridor Alternatives Comprising Each Detailed Study
Alternative
DSA Preliminary Corridor Alternatives
15 range to Lilac at auls Road to Brown outh to Tan North to reen
16 Orange to Lilac (at Sauls Road) to Brown to Green
� 7 Orange to Lilac (at Sauls Road) to Green to Teal to Brown to Green
The DSAs under consideraiion are proposed to be toll facilities. An open road (highway speed)
transponder-based system will likely be used as the primary means of toll collection. This would allow
drivers to travel unobstructed through the toll collection points at highway speeds.
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3 PRO�ECT SETTING
3.1 GEOGRAPHIC AND POLITICAL DESCRIPTION
As shown in Figure 1, the proposed project study area is located in southeastern Wake County and
northwestern Jobnston County. Portions of eight incorporated municipalities—Apex, Holly Springs,
Cary, Fuquay-Varina, Garner, Raleigh, Knightdale and Clayton—and numerous unincorporated
communities are located within the study area. As shown in Figure 2, the project study area consists of
the following general boundaries: NC 55 to the west, the existing I-540 interchange at US 64/US 264
Bypass to the east, NC 42 to the south, and the southern outskirts of Raleigh and Cary to the north.
Wake and Johnston counties lie at the eastern point of the area known as the "Triangle" region of North
Carolina. The City of Durham/Durham County and the Town of Chapel Hill/Orange County form the
Triangle's other two points. The Research Triangle Park (RTP), one of the oldest and largest science
parks in North America, lies at the center of the Triangle and is the area's majar economic engine. RTP
is an approximately 7,000 acre development that includes more than 170 companies that employ over
42,000 full-time and 10,000 contract employees (RTP, 2011).
Most of the project study area lies within the Neuse River basin, with a small portion of the southwestern
corner of the study area in the Cape Fear River basin. The Neuse River runs roughly north to south
through Wake and Johnston counties, extending across the eastern edge of the study area. Several other
important streams within the Neuse basin extend across the study area. Swift Creek traverses the study
area from the southern outskirts of Cary, southeast to near the intersection of NC 42 and the Clayton
Bypass (US 70 Bypass). Two large lakes are part of the Swift Creek sub-basin, Lake Wheeler and Lake
Benson; both of these lakes supply drinking water to the area. White Oak Creek, a tributary of Swift
Creek, traverses the study area from north to south, east of I-40. Middle Creek extends across the
southwest corner of the study area and includes Sunset Lake near Holly Springs.
3.2 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION
Portions of seven of Wake County's thirteen incorporated municipalities are located within the project
study area: Apex, Holly Springs, Cary, Fuquay-Varina, Garner, Raleigh, and Knightdale. Clayton, an
incorporated municipality in Johnston County, is also located in the project study area. These
municipalities are each distinct communities that contain neighborhoods of varying characteristics.
General descriptions of each, developed through site visits and interviews with local siaff (Appendix
A) in conjunction with local plans and websites are as follows:
Wake Countv – Walce County is the largest county in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina
and is one of the fastest growing counties in the United States (US Census, 2010). It is currently the
second most populous county in North Carolina and based on current growth trends is set to soon
overtake Mecklenburg County as the most populous. The two largest cities in Wake County are Raleigh,
North Carolina's capital, and Cary, and there are numerous smaller towns and rural communities
throughout the County. The County and many of its communities consistently rank high in national
surveys of livability and economic growth.
Wake County's economy is influencedby State government, numerous universities, and by its proximity
to RTP, the country's largest industrial park (Wake County Economic Developinent, 2013). Important
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industries in the County include electrical, medical and ielecommunications equipment,
pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and information technology.
Wake County is noted for its extensive system of public parks and greenways and their high level of
connectivity. County residents value these resources highly and the County has plans for development
of new park and greenway resources. Sensitive natural resources, including Lake Wheeler, Lake Benson
and the Swift Creek watershed, a Water Supply Watershed, are also an important feature of the County's
landscape; protecting these resources is a key component of the County's vision for the future.
Raleigh — Raleigh is the largest city in Wake County, the capital of North Carolina, and was the nation's
fastest growing large city between 2000 and 2010 (US Census, 2010). The site where the City would
be located was chosen as the State's capital in 1788 and represents one the first examples of a planned
city in the United States. Consequently, State government has historically been one of the foundations
of Raleigh's economic life. The City is home to numerous universities and colleges including North
Carolina State University, Shaw University, Meredith College, William Peace University, and St.
Augustine's College. With a large percentage of the local economy devoted to government and
education, the City has typically weathered broader economic downturns better than many other
communities (Raleigh Economic Development, 2013). Close proximity to RTP and several major
research universities ensures that high technology industries, including information technology,
biotechnology, and nanotechnology, are well represented in the local economy.
According to the Raleigh 2030 Comprehensive Plan, Raleigh ]eaders are interested in promoting
neighborhood quality, environmental sustainability, and strong downtown development (City of
Raleigh, 2009). Development of local infrastructure should support these themes, enabling the City to
address local growth in a way that maintains the area's strong livability.
Carv — Cary is the second largest city in Wake County and the third largest city in the Research Triangle
region of North Carolina; between 2000 and 2010 it was the ninth fastest growing city in the United
States (US Census, 2010). The Town of Cary is noted for its high median household income and far the
large proportion of adult residents who hold a college degree.
Cary is home to SAS Institute, the largest privately-held software company in the world and the Town's
largest employer, and many other high-technology businesses (Cary Economic Development, 2013). In
addition, due to its close proximity to RTP, inany workers at RTP companies make their homes in Cary.
Cary is also noted for its low crime rate, its ethnically diverse population, including a large proportion
of foreign-born residents, its livability, and its progressive approach to conserving natural resources and
preserving open space (Town of Cary, 2013). The Town has many public parks and well-used greenway
and bicycle trails. The Town's aesthetic qualities are important in town planning and development.
Apex — The Town of Apex, at the western edge of the project study area in Wake County, is one of
North Carolina's fastest growing small towns. Between 1990 and 2010, the Town experienced an over
650 percent increase in its population (US Census, 2010), and it is projected to continue its rapid growth.
The Town was incorporated in 1873 and was originally named "Apex" because it was the highest point
on the Chatham Railroad line between Richmond, Virginia, and Jacksonville, Florida (North Carolina
History Project, 2013). Apex was one of the first towns in Wake County to develop and by the late
1800s it evolved into an important local trading and retail center.
The Town values its small-town character, historic downtown, and livability and it seeks to maintain
these characteristics as it experiences future growth (Town of Apex, 2013). The Town is also interested
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in expanding its local employment base as a large proportion of its residents commute to jobs in RTP,
Cary, and Raleigh.
Garner — The Town of Garner is a growing community south of Raleigh in Wake County, located near
the intersection of US 70 and I-40. While Garner has not grown as rapidly as some of the other Wake
County municipalities, it has begun to experience population growth in recent years as local residents
take advantage of the Town's lower housing prices and plentiful stock of newer housing. Manufacturing
has traditionally been a more important industry in Garner than in other nearby towns, although the
Town's manufacturing sector continues to decline, paralleling wider state and national trends. The
older, central area of Garner is one of the few parts of the project study area to contain very high
concentrations of minority and low-income residents.
Hollv Springs — Holly Springs, until recently a small rural community in southwestern Wake County,
has experienced explosive population growth over the last fifteen years as residential development
spreads south into the town from Apex and Cary. It is one of the fastest growing towns in North Carolina
(US Census, 2010). The Town welcomes new growth, particularly to expand its local job base, although
the community also seeks to control the quality and location of new development while preserving open
space and creating public areas (Town of Holly Springs, 2013). In late 2007, international
pharmaceutical company Novartis broke ground on a vaccine production facility in Holly Springs along
NC 55 Bypass; it now employs around 450 workers (Novartis, 2012).
Fuquay-Varina — Fuquay-Varina is a small town in southern Wake County that has begun to experience
rapid suburban growth due to its proximity to the region's employment centers and its lower housing
prices and small-town character. It was traditionally an agricultural center in the area's tobacco trade,
but continues to develop a more suburban residential character. The Town initially developed as two
separate communities, Fuquay Springs, incorporated in 1909, and Varina, a community that developed
around a local train depot. Fuquay Springs annexed Varina in 1963 and the two communities became
one (Fuquay-Varina Economic Development Commission, 2013). The Town seeks to preserve its
historic past and its small-town feel while accommodating new growth.
Knightdale — Knightdale is a small Wake County community east of Raleigh that has been experiencing
rapid population growth as new residential subdivisions are developed in the community, often
providing lower-cost housing opportunities for area residents. The opening of US 64/US 264 Bypass
and I-540 made Knightdale easily accessible from all parts of the Research Triangle region (Knightdale
Chamber of Commerce, 2011). Knightdale seeks to promote growth and economic development while
maintaining its small-town character.
Johnston County — Johnston County lies southeast of Wake County. It is largely a rural county with a
significant agricultural sector. Its location along I-95 midway between New York and Florida helps to
promote commercial, transportation and travel-oriented development in parts of the County (Johnston
County, 2013). In areas near the Wake County border, residential, commercial and industrial growth is
strongly influenced by the area's proximity to Raleigh and RTP.
Clavton — Clayton is a rapidly growing small community in northern Johnston County, near the Wake
County border. The Town's growth is stimulated by its proximity to Raleigh and the Research Triangle
region, its lower housing costs, and its proximity to I-40 and US 70, two important regional
transportation corridors. It is Johnston County's iastest growing municipality (US Census, 2010).
In addition to widespread residential development, the Clayton area has also experienced commercial
and industrial growth. It has become an important part of the region's high-technology industrial
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economy, with several major biopharmaceutical companies, including Talecris, Hospira, and Novo
Nordisk, locating in the area. More than ten percent of the State's biopbarmaceutical jobs are in Clayton
(Town of Clayton, 2013).
Clayton prizes its small-town character, livability, affordability, and its good schools. The community
encourages future development that is consistent with these characteristics.
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4 COMMUNITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT
METHODS
The methods used for this CIA follow the FHWA's 1996 Community Impact Assessment.• A Quick
Reference Guide.
Consistent with FHWA guidance, a community characteristics profile was developed to describe the
basic demographic characteristics of the area, which are used to assess community impacts.
Demographic information from a range of sources was used to provide a general overview of the basic
population and demographic characteristics of the area. The demographic characteristics selected
include: age, race, income, and housing. Other characteristics evaluated include: business and
employment characteristics, community resources, safety, and emergency services.
The CIA is based on functional engineering designs within the project's Detailed Study Alternatives
(DSAs).
4.1 DATA/INFORMATION SOURCES
Information on population and demographic characteristics was gathered from US Census data, in-
person interviews, and project site visits. A complete list of documents referenced for this report is
included in Section 9. The following data sources provided useful information in understanding existing
conditions and likely trends:
• 2010 and 2000 US Decennial Census data
• 2009-2013 American Community Survey Five-Year Estimates from the US Census
• 2013 American Cormnunity Survey One-Year Estimates from the US Census
• North Carolina Department of Commerce Division of Employment Security (NCDES) data on
unemployment rates and employment by indusiry.
• Interviews with county and municipal staff (see AppendiY A).
• Field visits on various dates from late 2009 through late 2012.
Local staff and other community representatives were interviewed to help uncover informaiion not
readily identifiable through the sources listed above. Local governments and agencies interviewed in
order to collect information and assess community impacts included Wake County, Johnston County,
City of Raleigh, Town of Cary, Town of Apex, Town of Holly Springs, Town of Fuquay-Varina, Town
of Garner, Town of Knightdale, Town of Clayton, and the Capital Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization (CAMPO).
4.2 COMMUNITY STUDY AREAS
Consistent with the NCDOT method for CIA, a demographic study area was defined to provide a
baseline framework for preparing an inventory of notable community demographic characteristics,
trends and thresholds. The Demographic Study Area consists of foriy-seven Census Block Groups in
Wake County and six Block Groups in Johnston County (see Table 2 and Figure 4).
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Table 2. Demo ra hic Stud Area Census Block Grou s 2010
Census Block As Shown on Census Block As Shown on
Tract Group Figure 4 Tract Group Figure 4
Wake County
528.01 1 371830528011 531.10 1 371830531101
528.01 2 371830528012 531.10 2 371830531102
528.01 3 371830528013 531.10 3 371830531103
528.01 4 371830528014 531.11 1 371830531111
528.02 3 371830528023 531.11 2 371830531112
528.02 4 371830528024 531.11 3 371830531113
528.03 2 371830528032 532.01 1 371830532011
528.06 4 371830528064 532.01 2 371830532012
528.07 1 371830528071 532.02 1 371830532021
528.07 2 371830528072 532.02 2 371830532022
528.08 1 371830528081 532.03 1 371830532031
528.08 2 371830528082 532.03 2 371830532032
528.08 3 371830528083 534.20 1 371830534201
528.08 4 371830528084 534.20 2 371830534202
528.09 1 371830528091 534.21 1 371830534211
528.09 2 371830528092 541.09 2 371830541092
529.02 1 371830529021 541.14 2 271830541142
529.02 2 371830529022 541.15 3 371830541153
529.03 1 371830529031 541.15 4 371830541154
529.04 1 371830529041
529.04 2 371830529042 Johnston County
529.04 3 371830529043
530.06 1 371830530061 410.02 1 371010410021
530.08 4 371830530084 410.02 2 371010410022
530.09 2 371830530092 410.02 3 371010410023
530.09 3 371830530093 411.02 1 371010411021
530.09 4 371830530094 411.02 2 371010411022
531.09 1 371830531091 411.02 3 371010411023
Source: US Census (2010)
This broad area was established to identify and analyze population growth, household, employment and
other demographic characteristics. This information will be used as a foundation for determining
potential project-related impacts to the human enviromnent.
In accordance with the NCDOT method for CIA, a Direct Community Impact Area (DCIA) was defined
to identify the area with the most potential for direct project-induced community-related effects. Figure
4 shows the DCIA.
Generally, the DCIA boundary was drawn considering such factors as whether a neighborhood would
have relocations or property acquisition as a result of the project, or whether an area would experience
major changes in access. In most cases, if a portion of a neighborhood would be impacted, the entire
neighborhood was included in the DCIA. The DCIA begins at the western project boundary and ends
at the eastern project boundary.
Figure 4 shows the Demographic Study Area. The Demographic Study Area includes block groups
within or adjacent to Detailed Study Alternatives (DSAs) under consideration for the project. The
Demographic Study Area encompasses block groups within incorporated Apex, Holly Springs, Cary,
Fuquay-Varina, Garner, Raleigh, Knightdale, and Clayton, as well as unincorporated Wake and
Johnston counties.
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5 COMMUNITY CONTEXT
Land use in the Demographic Study Area is of mixed intensity, type and density; although low-density
residential subdivision and rural land uses are the most prevalent characteristics of the area (see Figure
5). Low-density residential uses include both single-family subdivisions and mobile home parks.
Interspersed with these land uses are numerous churches, schools, daycare centers, and other similar
types of development. Much of the Demographic Study Area was, until recently, characterized by
agricultural and rural residential land uses. Many of the communities in the Demographic Study Area
have become increasingly popular locations for suburban development as people commuting to jobs in
Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, and other employment centers in the Research Triangle region seek
affordable housing, open space, and the quality of life offered by southern Wake County and Johnston
County.
The western part of the Demographic Study Area includes significant commercial, industrial, and office
development along NC 55 and NC 55 Bypass. There are also commercial shopping centers along Holly
Springs Road and Kildaire Farm Road. The Holly Springs/Apex/Cary area includes numerous large
planned residential subdivisions with homes on lots smaller than one-third acre. There are a few multi-
family residential developments in this part of the study area, generally along Kildaire Farm Road and
Wesi La1ce Road. Downtown Holly Springs features uses such as small offices, government buildings,
and small retail stores.
The southwestern corner of the Demographic Study Area includes the Fuquay-Varina area. This
community's downtown areas also feature retail stores, restaurants, small offces, churches, schools and
government buildings. South and west of Fuquay-Varina, land uses become rural, with numerous farms
along with rural, large-lot residences and farm-oriented commercial uses. Areas north and northwest of
Fuquay-Varina are characterized by a mix of rural and agricultural uses, horse farms and stables, and
newer residential subdivisions. Areas along and near US 401, which connects Fuquay-Varina to Garner
and Raleigh to the north, have a higher concentration of industrial uses including automotive businesses,
light manufacturing facilities and warehouses, along with commercial uses, restaurants, bars, and small
offices.
East of US 401, much of the Demographic Study Area becomes increasingly rural. South of Lake
Benson, low-density residential subdivisions and numerous farms and farm-oriented businesses
predominate. North of Lake Benson, the central area of Garner is characterized by older, more urban
residential development, numerous multi-family residential developments, and significant commercial
development. West and south of central Garner, newer single-family residential developments continue
to be built. The US 70 corridor between Garner and Clayton features regional shopping centers and
numerous industrial developments, including manufacturing and research and development facilities.
Industrial and regional commercial development also characterizes the areas surrounding I-40 east of
Garner.
East of I-40 and US 70, southern Wake County is mostly rural, with widespread agricultural operations
and related rural land uses. Suburban residential development is, however, starting to spread into this
portion of the Demographic Study Area, although this type of development is not as common as in the
western part of the Deinographic Study Area. At the northeastern edge of the Demographic Study Area,
land uses include more commercial and industrial developments, particularly near the US 64/US 264
Bypass and along US 64 Business in Knightdale.
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The portion of northern Johnston County within the Demographic Study Area is also characterized by a
mix of agricultural, rural residential, and newer suburban residential development. The area surrounding
the NC 42 interchange on I-40 includes highway-oriented commercial development, with numerous
motels, restaurants, gas stations, convenience stores and other retail uses. The new Johnston Medical
Center is located on NC 42 east of the US 70 Bypass (Clayton Bypass) interchange. Central Clayton
features a mix of small-town urban land uses and older residential neighborhoods. US 70 Business
through this part of Johnston County features commercial shopping centers, industrial parks, and office
uses.
5.1 COMMUNITY DEMOGRAPHICS
The following sections provide an overview of the Demographic Study Area demographic
characteristics. Comparisons are made to the state, county, and town (where available) demographic
data to uncover notable trends and to draw general conclusions about the area.
5.i.1 Population Trends
Table 3 presents a summary of the population changes in the region and in the Demographic Study Area
between 2000 and 2010. It is important to note that the U.S. Census Bureau modified nearly all of the
block group boundaries in the Demographic Study Area between 2000 and 2010, resulting in a smaller
total area within the Demographic Study Area based on 2010 Census data than that based on 2000 data.
Table 3. Population Change - 2000 to 2010
Population Growth
Jurisdiction 2000 2010 Actual Percent
Difference Change
North Carolina 8,049,313 9,535,485 1,486,172 18.5°/a
Wake Count 627,846 900,993 273,147 43.5%
Ralei h 276,093 403,892 127,799 46.3%
Cary 94,536 135,234 40,698 43.1%
Apex 20,212 37,476 17,264 85.4%
Garner 17,757 25,745 7,988 45.0%
Holl Sprin s 9,192 24,611 15,419 167.7%
Fu ua -Varina 7,898 17,937 10,039 127.1%
Knightdale 5,958 11,401 5,443 91.4%
Johnston County 121,965 168,878 46,913 38.5%
Clayton 6,973 16,116 9,143 131.1%
Total Demo raphic Stud Area* N/A 132,190 -- --
"C:ensus t3iock Group boundanes cnanged between zUUU and zU�U; tneretore tne boundanes ot tne uemographic 5tudy Hrea
changed between 2000 and 2010. The Demographic Study Area based on 2010 Census Block Groups is smaller than the
Demographic Study Area based on 2000 Census Block Groups.
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data),
Summary File 1(100-Percent Data), Table P1 - TOTAL POPULATION (2000)
All of the municipalities in the Demographic Study Area, along with both Wake and Johnston counties,
experienced much greater population growth between 2000 and 2010 than North Carolina as a whole.
Each county's population expanded at more than twice the statewide population growth rate. The
populations of all of the municipalities in the study area increased over this time period, with the fastest
growth in Holly Springs (over 167 percent), Clayton (over 131 percent), and Fuquay-Varina (over 127
percent), due in part to the presence of developable land and proximity to area job centers. All three of
these municipalities had fairly small populations in 2000, and over the next ten years experienced
significant new suburban development and annexations increasing their incorporated areas. The larger,
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more established municipalities in the Demographic Study Area, such as Raleigh and Cary, have also
experienced continued rapid growth.
5.1,2 Race and Ethnicity
Table 4 provides a summary of the major racial and ethnic groups in the region and the project
Demographic Study Area in 2010. A detailed version of this table, including data at the block group
level, is in Appendix B. Whites and blacks are the two largest racial groups within the study area.
Wake and Johnston counties have similar proportions of these racial groups and these proportions are
similar to those for the State as a whole. Walce County is about 68 percent white, 21 percent black, and
5 percent Asian. Johnston County is about 74 percent white, 15 percent black, and less than 1 percent
Asian. The racial makeup of the Demographic Study Area is fairly similar to those of Wake and
Johnston counties. The Demographic Study Area is about 71 percent white, 19 percent black, and 2
percent Asian.
Wake and Johnston counties and the Demographic Study Area also have similar proportions of residents
with Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Wake County is about 10 percent Hispanic/Latino while Johnston
County is about 13 percent Hispanic/Latino. The Demographic Study Area is about 10 percent
Hispanic/Latino.
Block groups with Substantially Higher than Average Populations of Racial Minoritv Groups.
Figure 6 shows the total percentages of minority populations for block groups in the Demographic Study
Area. The total minority population, shown in Tab1e 4, is calculated by subtracting the total non-
Hispanic white population from the total population. About 34 percent of the individuals in the
Demographic Study Area are members of minority groups, compared to 38 percent in Wake County and
30 percent in Johnston County. Most of the block groups in the Demographic Study Area have similar
or smaller minority populations than the Demographic Study Area as a whole. Six block groups have
greater than 50 percent minority populations. All of these are along the north central/northeastern
boundary of the Demographic Study Area, in northeastern Garner, southeastern Raleigh, and
Knightdale. All of these areas also have significantly greater concentrations of black populations than
the Demographic Study Area as a whole.
Census Tract 528.06 Block Group 4, in southeastern Raleigh, has the highest concentration of minority
population (81.5 percent) and black population (64.0 percent) in the Demographic Study Area. Census
Tract 528.03 Block Group 2, in southeast Raleigh, and Census Tract 541.14 Block Group 2, in
Knightdale, have the next highest concentrations of minority population (72.8 percent and 70.0 percent,
respectively).
Figure 7 shows the total percentages of inembers of Hispanic/Latino ethnic groups of any race for block
groups in the Demographic Study Area. The highest concentration of Hispanic/Latino population occurs
in Census Tract 530.09 Block Group 4(42.7 percent), along the west side of US 401, near Wake
Technical Community College, and in Census Tract 541.14 Block Group 2(42.6 percent), in Knightdale
near the eastern tenninus of the project.
One block group contains a significantly higher concentration of Asian population than the
Demographic Study Area. This is Census Tract 534.20 Block Group 2(6.2 percent), in southern Apex.
This percentage is lower than the percentage of Asian population in the Town of Apex,
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

Table 4. Population b Race, Population b Ethnicit , and Total Minority Population 2010
TOTAL
TOTAL POPULATION BY RACE POPULATION BY
TOTAL HISPANIC OR TOTAL
JURISDICTION pOPULATION LATINO ETHNICITY MINORITY
American Native POPULATION*
Black or Indian or Hawaiian Hispanic Not
White African Alaskan Asian or Pacific Other" or Latino Hispanic
American Native Islander (any race) or Latino
North Carolina 9 535 483 6,528,950 2,048,628 122,110 208,962 6,604 620,229 800,120 8,735,363 3,311,488
, , 68.5% 21.5% 1.3°/a 2.2% 0.1 % 6.5% 8.4% 91.6% 34.7%
Wake County 900,933 597,546 186,5�10 4,503 48,553 387 63,43 4 87,92 2 813,00 1 340,457
(66.3 /o) (20.7 /o) (0.5 /o) (5.4 /o) (<0.1 /o) (7.0 /o) (9.8 /o) (90.2 /o) (37.8 /o)
Ralei h 403,892 232,377 118,471 1,963 17,434 173 33,474 46,045 357,847 188,688
g 57.5%) 29.3% 0.5°/a 4.3% <0.1 % 8.3%) 11.4% 88.6% 46.7%
98,907 10,787 559 17,668 46 7,267 10,364 124,870 42,032
Cary 135,234 (73.1 % (8.0% 0.4%) 13.1 % <0.1 % 5.4%) 7.7% 92.3%) 31.1 %
29,796 2,862 106 2,652 31 2,029 2,665 34,811 9,011
Apex 37,476 79.5%) 7.6%) (0.3% 7.1 %) 0.1 %) 5.4%) (7.0% 93.0%) (24.0%)
Garner 25 745 14,888 8,468 140 474 12 1,763 2,561 23,184 11,956
' 57.8% 32.9% 0.5°/a 1.8% <0.1 % 6.8% 9.9% 90.1 % 46.4%
Holly Springs 24 661 19,674 3,101 103 724 13 1,046 1,544 23,117 5,958
' 79.8% 12.6% 0.4°/a) 2.9% 0.1 % 4.2%) 6.3% 93.7%) 24.2%
Fuquay-Varina 17,937 12,967 3,527 110 361 5 967 1,738 16,199 6,017
(72.3%) (19.7%) (0.6%) (2.0%) (<0.1 %) (5.4%) (9.7%) (90.3%) (33.5%)
Knightdale 11401 5,698 4,368 66 193 6 1,070 1,299 10,102 6,166
' 50.0% 38.3% 0.6°/a 1.7% <0.1 % 9.4% 11.4% 88.6% 54.1 %
Johnston County 168,878 125,349 25,546 939 1,021 51 15,972 21,841 147,037 51,009
(74.2%) (15.1 %) (0.6%) (0.6%) (<0.1 %) (9.5%) (12.9%) (87.1 %) (30.2%)
� 11,195 3,507 65 224 2 1,123 1,725 14,391 5,686
Cla on 16,116 69.5% 21.2% 0.4% 1.4% <0.1% 7.0%) 10.7% 89.3%) 35.3%
Total Demographic 132 190 94,362 25,173 842 2,506 121 9,186 13,555 118,635 43,622
Study Area ' (71.4% 19.0% (0.6%) 1.9%) 0.1 % (6.9%) 10.4%) 89.6%) 33.0%)
#Includes individuals reportinq "some other race" or "two or more races."
�Total minority population includes all individuals reporting a race other than white plus all individuals reporting both white race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (data not shown). This is
calculated by subtracting the total non-Hispanic white population (data not shown) from the total population. All other races with Hispanic or Latino ethnicity are included in the race figures
used to determine total minority population.
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table P8. - RACE and Table P9. - HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY
RACE
Community Impact Assessment
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 - June 2015

however, so it does not represent an unusually high concentration of Asians compared to other nearby
areas. In addition, there are no defined Asian cultural centers in this area.
The highest concentrations of white populations occur in southern Cary and northeastern Holly Springs
in Census Tract 530.06 Block Group 1(93.8 percent) and Census Tract 532.02 Block Group 1(93.6
percent).
General Trends. Minority populations make up a larger proportion of the block groups along the
northeastern and north central edge of the Demographic Study Area. Hispanic populations are
concentrated in the Knightdale and Garner areas and near US 401 between Garner and Fuquay-Varina.
5.1.3 Age
As shown in Table 5, the median age for the State is 38.7 years. In both Wake County (35.3 years) and
Johnston County (37.4 years), the median ages are slightly lower than for the State. The median age of
the population in the Demographic Study Area is 36.5 years. A detailed version of this table, including
data at the block group level, is in Appendix B. Median ages for the block groups within the
Demographic Study Area range between 30.4 years (Census Tract 528.06 Block Group 4) and 49.8 years
(Census Tract 530.09 Block Group 3).
As also shown in Table 5, approximately 26 to 36 percent of the populations of most of the jurisdictions
in the Demographic Study Area consist of people aged 20 or younger. All of the jurisdictions have a
smaller percentage of population aged 69 or older than does North Carolina (8.7 percent). All of the
blocic groups in the Demographic Study Area have relatively similar percentages of young residents, but
there is a greater variety of proportions of older residents.
Table 5. Population by Age Group and Median Age (2010)
Area Total Population Percent <_20 Percent Median Age
Years >_69 Years
North Carolina 9,535,483 26.8 8.7 38.7
Wake Count 900,933 28.8 5.5 35.3
Ralei h 403,892 26.9 5.6 32.8
Car 135,234 29.5 5.6 37.3
A ex 37,476 34.7 3.7 35.3
Garner 25,745 26.5 8.2 38.6
Holl Sprin s 24,661 36.8 2.7 33.4
Fuqua -Varina 17,937 31.9 7.7 35.4
Kni htdale 11,401 31.7 4.1 33.7
Johnston County 168,878 30.2 6.5 37.4
Cla ton 16,116 32.9 5.8 34.9
Total Demographic 132,190 31.1 4.7 36.5
Stud Area
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table P12. - SEX BY AGE
General Trends. There do not appear to be any general areas where the population composition has
higher than average senior or youth populations. As described above, there are no block groups in the
Demographic Study Area with notably higher concentrations of younger residents; block groups with
higher than average percentages of older residents are scattered throughout the Demographic Study
Area.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 - June 2015

5.1.4 Income
Data on median household incomes within the region are shown in Table 6. A detailed version of this
table, including data at the block group level, is in Appendix B. As shown in the table, the median
household incomes far Wake County ($66,006), Johnston County ($49,711), and all of the
municipalities in the Demographic Study Area are higher than the State ($46,334). Many of the
municipalities have median household incomes with substantially higher incomes than the State. Cary
($90,250), Holly Springs ($89,644), and Apex ($89,475) all have median incomes almost twice the
State's median. Clayton ($57,456) and Raleigh ($54,448) have the lowest median incomes of the study
area municipalities. The project Demographic Study Area has a median household income ($73,562)
that is higher than either the Wake or Johnston County medians.
Block Groups with Median Incomes Substantially Hi�her or Lower than the Average. There are
three block groups in the Demographic Study Area with ]ower median incomes than the State as a whole.
They are near US 401 between Garner and Fuquay-Varina and in the Clayton area. Census Tract 410.02
Block Group 2 and Census Tract 530.09 Block Group 4 have the lowest median incomes ($25,568 and
$26,860, respectively) in the study area. Nine block groups in the Demographic Study Area have median
incomes higher than any of the Demographic Study Area municipalities. Most of these are in the
northwestern part of the Demographic Study Area. Census Tract 532.02 Block Group 1, in Ho11y
Springs, has the area's highest median income ($136,689). There are numerous high-priced residential
subdivisions in this block group, with little multifamily housing.
General Trends. The lowest reported median incomes are generally located in block groups
concentrated in the north central and northeastern part of the study area, in Garner, southeast Raleigh,
and Knightdale. Areas near Clayton are also characterized by lower median household incomes than
the Demographic Study Area as a whole. Many of these areas also have higher than average
concentrations of minority residents. Median incomes tend to be much higher than the Demographic
Study Area as a whole in the northwestern and western edges of the study area, in southern Cary, Apex,
and Holly Springs.
Table 6. Median Household Income
Total Median Total Median
Jurisdiction Households Household Jurisdiction Households Household
Income ($) Income ($)
North Carolina 3,715,565 46,334 Holly Sprin s 8,621 89,644
Wake County 348,627 66,006 Fuqua -Varina 7,110 58,588
Ralei h 162,573 54,448 Kni htdale 3,754 72,285
Cary 52,340 90,250 Johnston County 60,759 49,711
Apex 13,427 89,475 Clayton 6,335 57,456
Garner 10,581 60,842 Total Demographic 48,263 73,562
Stud Area
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table B19001. — HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE
PAST 12 MONTHS
5.i.5 Environmenta/ Justice Considerations
Federal laws and regulations require the evaluation of effects of transportation actions on minority and
low-income populations that in the past have been under-represented or discriminated against in the
decision-making process.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

Title VI of the Civil Righis Act of 1964 proiects individuals from discrimination on the grounds of race,
age, color, religion, disability, sex, and national origin. Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to
Address Environmental Justice in Minority and Low-income Populations (February 11, 1994), requires
that each Federal agency shall make achieving enviromnental jusiice part of its mission by identifying
and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental
effects on minority and low-income populations. Special populations may include the elderly, children,
the disabled, low-income areas, American Indians and other minority groups. Executive Order 12898
requires that environmental justice principles be incorparated into all transportation studies, programs,
policies and activities.
The three fundamental environmental justice principles are:
1) To ensure the full and fair participation by all potentially affected communities in the
transportation decision-making process.
2) To avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health or
environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority and low-income
populations.
3) To fully evaluate the benefits and burdens of transportation programs, policies and activities
upon low-income and minority populations.
The USDOT Order 5610.2 defines "minority" in the defmition section of its appendix and
provides definitions of four minority groups addressed by Executive Order 12898. These
groups are:
1) Black — a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
2) Hispanic — a person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South America, or
other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
3) Asian — a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East,
Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands.
4) American Indian and Alaskan Native — a person having origins in any of the original
people of North America and who maintains tribal affiliation or community
attachment.
It also defines `low-income' as a person (of any race) whose household income (or in the case of a
community or group, whose median household income) is at or below the US Department of Health and
Human Services poverty guidelines. These guidelines set poverty thresholds for families which vary
according to the size of the family and the ages of its members. If a family's income falls below the
poverty threshold for a family of its size and age characteristics, it is considered by the Census to have
poverty status.
Minoritv Populations. As discussed in Section 5.1.2, whites, blacks, and Hispanics are the three largest
racial/ethnic groups within the study area. Figures 7 and 8 show the general concentrations of minority
and Hispanic/Latino populations. Figure 7 shows the locations of block groups with either greater than
50 percent minority individuals or a minority population at least 10 percentage points higher than the
County averages; these characteristics can help indicate where populations could meet the criteria for
environmental justice consideration. This information is also shown in Table 4.
The black population in the Demographic Study Area is highly concentrated along the northeastern and
northern edges of the study area, in central Garner, southeast Raleigh, and Knightdale. Hispanic
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

populaiions are clustered in various parts of the Demographic Study Area, including in Garner, southeast
Raleigb/Knightdale, along US 401, and in Clayton.
Interviews with local representatives revealed that the Census data are consistent with current locations
of potential environmental justice populations.
Low-income Populations. As shown in Table 7, 9.8 percent of the population in the Demographic
Study Area lives below the poverty level, less than for North Carolina and Johnston County as a whole,
and slightly less than for Wake County. This information was calculated using Census tract-level data,
rather than block group-level data, because block group-level data are not available for poverty status
from the 2009-2013 American Community Survey. A detailed version of this table, including data at
the Census tract level, is in Appendix B. Figure 9 shows concentrations of low-income populations by
Census tract. Two Census tracts have larger percentages of low-income populations than the State
average of 17.5 percent—Census Tract 530.09, along US 401 near Garner, and Census Tract 528.03,
north of US 70 in garner. These two Census tracts, along with Census Tract 531.11, along US 401 in
Fuquay-Varina, are the only ones in the Demographic Study Area with a share of individuals below the
poverty level at least 5 percentage points higher than the county as a whole. There are no Census tracts
in the study area with 50 percent or more individuals below the poverty leveL These two characteristics
would help indicate where populations could meet the criteria for environmental justice consideration.
Table 7 also shows that about 5 percent of the population in the Demographic Study Area can be
considered "very poor", with incomes ]ess than or equal to 50 percent of the poverty ]evel, less than for
North Carolina and Johnston County as a whole, and similar to Wake County. In addition, about 9
percent of the population in the Demographic Study Area can be considered "near poor", with incomes
between the poverty level and 150 percent of the poverty level, slightly less than far North Carolina and
Johnston County as a whole, and slightly more than Wake County. In general, the distribution of
individuals considered to be "very poor" and "near poor" is similar to the distribution of individuals
below the poverty level.
Interviews with municipal staff, field visits to areas within these block groups, and review of Wake
County Public School System's more recent data on percentages of school children eligible for free and
reduced lunch confirmed that the Census data indicate current locations of potential environmental
justice populations.
In general, higher levels of poverty occur in the north-central and northeastern parts of the Demographic
Study Area, with additional higher poverty areas near Clayton and Fuquay-Varina. Households within
the Demographic Study Area tend to have higher incomes than the Wake and Johnston county averages,
with the lowest levels of poverty in the Demographic Study Area concentrated in its western and
southern parts.
Community Impact Assessment 18
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 – June 2015

Table 7. Poverty Status
Total Individuals Individuals Individuals
Population with Percent of With Percent of W�th Percent of
Individuals Individuals Individuals
for Whom Income Income in Income in
Jurisdiction poverty Below Below „Ve� in "Very �°Near in "Near
Status is Poverty Poverty poor" PO°r�� Poor" Poor"
Determined Level Level Cate ory* Category* Cate ory# Category#
North 9,396,989 1,643,389 17.5 723,387 7.7 1,018,830 10.8
Carolina
Wake County 906,662 99,679 11.0 46,515 5.1 73,302 8.1
Raleigh 394,492 64,072 16.2 30,450 7.7 40,311 10.2
Cary 140,641 8,663 6.2 3,544 2.5 6,708 4.8
Apex 39,042 965 2.5 411 1.0 1,922 3.5
Garner 25,966 2,235 8.3 1,226 4.7 1,800 6.9
Holly Springs 25,977 798 3.1 121 0.5 727 2.8
Fuquay- 19,009 1,949 9.3 728 3.8 2,120 11.1
Varina
Kni htdale 10,420 532 5.1 434 3.6 703 5.9
Johnston 170,329 29,264 17.2 12,084 7.1 18,513 10.9
County
Cla ton 16,536 2,053 11.0 729 4.4 819 4.9
Total
Demographic 167,668 16,504 9.8 7,638 4.6 15,215 9.1
Study Area
'Income less than or equal to 50 percent of poverty level.
#Income between poverty level and 150 percent of poverty level.
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table 617001. - POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12
MONTHS BY SEX BY AGE; Table C17002. - RATIO OF INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS.
5.1.6 Means of Transportation
American Community Survey 2009-2013 5-year estimates for means of transportation to work were
used to determine the percentages of workers in Demographic Study Area block groups who traveled to
work using different transportation modes. Higher percentages of workers traveling via carpools, public
transportation, or other alternative modes, particularly outside of dense urban areas, can be an indicator
for low-income and disadvantaged populations. Table 8 shows the results of this analysis. A detailed
version of this table, including data at the block group level, is in Appendix B.
There is relatively little variaiion in the shares of Demographic Study Area block groups and
jurisdictions using various transportation modes. About 82 percent of workers across the Demographic
Study Area traveled to work by driving alone, 10 percent by carpooling, 0.2 percent by public
transportation and about 8 percent via other modes (including those who worked at home). Most of the
Deinographic Study Area block groups displayed similar shares of travel modes. Notable exceptions
were Wake County Census Tract 534.20 Block Group 1, where about 67 percent drove alone, ] 0 percent
carpooled, and 23 percent used other modes; Wake County Census Tract 530.06 Block Group 1, where
about 70 percent drove alone, 9 percent carpooled, and 21 percent used other modes; Wake County
Census Tract 531.10 Block Group 3, where about 70 percent drove alone, 18 percent carpooled, and 12
percent used other modes; and Wake County Census Tract 530.09 Block Group 2, where 72 percent
drove alone, 23 percent carpooled, and 5 percent used other modes. Median household income data,
however, show that all of these block groups have median incomes similar to or higher than the County
as a whole.
Community Impact Assessment 19
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 - June 2015

Table 8. Means of Trans ortation to Work
Percent Who
Percent Who Percent Who Percent
JurisdiCtion Drove Alone Carpooled Took Public Walking/Biking/Other
Transportation
North Carolina 81.1 10.4 1.1 7.4
Wake Count 80.1 9.5 2.1 9.1
Ralei h 79.3 10.0 2.1 8.8
Cary 80.2 8.4 0.6 10.8
Apex 80.5 9.4 0.6 9.6
Garner 81.5 9.1 0.3 9.0
Holl Sprin s 79.9 8.6 0.2 11.4
Fu ua -Varina 78.9 11.5 0.0 9.6
Knightdale 80.9 12.2 0.0 6.9
Johnston County 82.8 11.1 0.2 5.9
Clayton 82.4 15.4 0.0 2.2
Total Demographic 82.3 9.6 0.2 7.9
Study Area
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Communfty Survey Table 808301 - MEANS OF TRANSPORT TO WORK
5.1,7 Limited Eng/ish Proficiency
Executive Order 13166 "Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency"
requires all recipients of federal funds to provide meaningful access to persons who are limited in their
English proficiency (LEP). The US Department of Justice defines LEP individuals as those "who do
not spealc English as their primary language and who have a limited ability to read, write, speak, or
understand English" (67 FR 41459). Data about LEP populations are gaihered as part of the American
Community Survey.
American Community Survey 2009-2013 5-year estimates for language spoken at home were used to
determine if there were block groups within the project Demographic Study Area containing a high
percentage of individuals with limited English proficiency. Figure 10 shows the percentage of adults
who speak English less than very well for the block groups in the Demographic Study Area. Table 9
shows the percentages of adults (18 years of age or older) who speak English less than very well by
language category. Appendix C lists the percentages of adults who speak English less than very well
in all block groups and jurisdictions in the Demographic Study Area.
Table 9. Percenta e of Adults Who Speak En lish Less than Ve Well
Total Adult Primary Language Group of Adults Who Speak English
Population Less than Very Well
for Whom
Jurisdiction Language Other Indo- Total LEP
Data is Spanish European Asian/Pacific Other
Available
Total 5,688 318 404 418 6,808
Demographic 126,729 (4.5%) (0.3°/a) (0.3%) (0.3°/a) (5.4%)
Stud Area
Johnston 10 240 203 137 99 10.679
County 159,865 (6.4%) (0.1 °/a) (0.1 %) (0.1 °/a (6.7%)
Wake County 863,927 35,131 6,714 10,092 3,060 54,997
(4.1 % 0.8%) (1.2% (0.4% (6.4%
Source: U5 Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Gommunity Survey Table B16004. - LANGUAGE SP�KEN AT H�ME
BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 - June 2015

The data indicate the presence of a Spanish language group that exceeds the Department of Justice's
Safe Harbor threshold of 5 percent or 1,000 persons. In accordance with the Safe Harbor provisions,
written translations of vital documents will be provided for the LEP language group in addition to other
measures assuring meaningful access. These other measures include notice of Right of Language
Access for future meetings for this project. According to Executive Order 13166, federal and state
agencies are directed to "take reasonable steps to ensure `meaningful' access to information and
services." In order to meet this requirement, NCDOT has translated, and will continue to translate, vital
documents into Spanish and to notify LEP communities of their right to language access in regards to
study materials, public outreach, and other components of the project. In so doing, NCDOT believes
the requirements of Executive Order 13166 will be satisfied.
5.2 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS
A review of Census data shows that much of the project Demographic Study Area consists of newer
housing, built since 1990. Much of the housing in the western part of the study area in particular was
built after 2000. Older housing is mainly clustered in the central areas of Garner, Fuquay-Varina and
Clayton. Wllile the most recent recession has stemmed the rapid pace of residential development in the
Demographic Study Area, local planners expect the pace of development to resume as the region's
economy begins to improve.
Table 10 provides a summary of the housing ownership and value characteristics of the Demographic
Study Area. A detailed version of this table, including data at the block group level, is in Appendix B.
The percentage of renter-occupied housing units is about 35 percent in Wake County, 27 percent in
Johnston County, and 33 percent statewide. Raleigh has a much higher percentage of renter-occupied
housing units (46.5 percent) than other jurisdictions in the area, owing partly to the large number of
university students living in the city. About 19 percent of the housing units in the Demographic Study
Area are renter-occupied, a smaller percentage than in the wider region.
As shown in Table 10, there is a smaller percentage of vacant residential units in all study area
jurisdictions as compared to the State's 13.5 percent average.
As shown in Table 10, the median value of owner-occupied housing units for the State between 2009
and 2013 was $153,600. The median value of owner-occupied housing units for Wake County
($229,000) is much higher than the State and for Johnston County ($141,200) is similar to the State. All
of the study area municipalities have higher median owner-occupied housing values than the State, with
the highest inedian value in Cary ($303,700) and the lowest in Clayton ($152,600).
Block Groups with Hi�hest and Lowest Percent of Renter-Occupied Units. The block groups with
the highest percent of renter-occupied units are located in Clayton (Census Tract 410.02 Block Group 2
— 58.7 percent) and Garner (Census Tract 528.08 Block Group 4— 57.5 percent). Block groups with the
lowest percent of renter-occupied units are scattered across the western half of the Demographic Study
Area. The lowest percentages are in Census Tract 532.02 Blocic Group 2(2.9 percent), in southeastern
Holly Springs, and Census Tract 530.06 Block Group 1(3.4 percent), in southern Cary.
Community Impact Assessment 21
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

i aaie �u. housm cnaracteristics
Renter- Median value
Jurisdiction occupied Vacant Housing owner-occupied
housing units Units (percent) units ($)
percent
North Carolina 33.3 13.5 149,100
Wake Count 34.9 7.0 222,300
Ralei h 46.5 7.5 203,300
Ca 31.2 3.3 289,000
Apex 25.3 5.0 246,700
Garner 34.1 7.0 162,300
Holly Sprin s 12.6 5.9 231,800
Fuqua -Varina 26.8 8.6 185,100
Kni htdale 32.0 10.5 171,600
Johnston County 26.8 8.5 136,200
Clayton 34.6 9.0 151,000
Total Demographic 18.7 6.0 206,077
Stud Area
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table H1 &
H3 - OCCUPIED STATUS; 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table B25077 - MEDIAN VALUE
OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
Block Groups with Highest and Lowest Percent of Vacant Units. There is relatively little variation
across the Demographic Study Area in the percent of vacant units in each block group. Johnston County
Census Tract 410.02 Block Group 2, in Clayton, has the highest percentage of vacant units (14.4
percent). Census Tract 528.01 Block Group 1, in rural southwestern Garner near Lake Benson, has the
lowest percentage of vacant units (1.8 percent).
Block Groups with the Highest and Lowest Median Home Values. All of the block groups in the
Demographic Study Area have median home values that are above $]00,000. Census Tract 530.09
Block Group 4, in southern Raleigh west of US 401, has the lowest median home value ($117,700).
Census Tract 532.02 Block Group 2, in Holly Springs has the highest median home value ($375,200).
General Trends. While the Demographic Study Area has relatively high median home values and
relatively low percentages of renter-occupied and vacant units, there is some variation across the area.
The western and southern parts of the Demographic Study Area tend to feature higher median home
values and lower percentages of renter-occupied and vacant units. The reverse is true for the areas in
Clayton, Garner, and southeast Raleigh.
5.3 BUSINESS AND EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Home to North Carolina's capital and numerous universities, and adjacent to Research Triangle Park,
Wake County has a robust and diversified economy featuring many of the State's largest employers.
State government has always been the foundation of the area's job base, but biotechnology, information
technology, higher education, and health care are also important and growing components of the area's
industrial mix.
Table 11, which compares unemployment rates over time for Walce and Johnston counties and the
Raleigh-Cary Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which includes Wake, Johnston, and Franklin
counties, to State unemployment rates, illustrates that the Demographic Study Area maintains a stronger
job base than the State as a whole. Unemployment rates in all areas have risen since 2002, due primarily
to the recent economic recession, but have been steadily decreasing since early 2010, when
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 - June 2015

unemployment rates peaked. Unemployment rates are consistenily lower in Walce County and the
Raleigh-Cary MSA than in Johnston County or the State.
Table 121ists the shares of total employment in various super-sectors or domains for industries in North
Carolina, Wake and Johnston counties, and the Raleigh-Cary MSA. These proportions are shown for
2002 and 2012 to illustrate employment trends in each of these areas.
Table 11. Unem
Area
North Carolina
Wake County
Johnston County
Raleiah-Carv MSA
nt Rates
2002 Annual
Averaae
6.4 %
5.6%
5.7%
5.5%
2012 Annual
Average
9.5%
7.5%
8.4%
7.7%
Source: North Carolina Division of Employment Security.
Notes: Year 2012 most recent year in which annual data available.
October 2013
8.0%
5.9%
6.5%
6.0%
The Wake County and Raleigh-Cary MSA employment distributions each display some key differences
relative to North Carolina's distribution. In both 2002 and 2012, Wake County and the Raleigh-Cary
MSA had a greater concentration of jobs in service-providing industries and a lower concentration of
jobs in goods-producing industries than ihe Staie as a whole. This result was largely due to the much
lower concentration of manufacturing jobs in Wake Counry and the Raleigh-Cary MSA relative to the
State. The concentration of service-providing jobs, however, was slightly greater in Johnston County
than far the State in both 2002 and 2012. This was largely due to the greater concentration of jobs in
natural resources, which includes agricultural jobs, and in construction than the State averages. Jobnston
Counry continues to have a inuch greater concentration of employment in goods-producing industries
than Wake County and the Raleigh-Cary MSA as a whole.
Within the service-providing domain, Wake County and the Raleigh-Cary MSA had greater
concentrations of employment in the professional/business, information, and public administration
sectors in both 2002 and 2012. Johnston County had a much lower concentration of jobs in
professional/business industries than in Wake and the MSA; its concentration of jobs in this area was
also lower than the State's in 2002 and 2012. Relative to Wake and the MSA, Johnston continues to
have a greater concentration of jobs in trade/transportation/utilities and education/health industries and
a lower concentration of jobs in information, fnancial, professional/business and public administration
industries.
The manufacturing sectar continues to decline in both Wake and Johnston counties, although it still
malces up a larger share of Johnston's employment distribution than Wake's. The education and health
sectors make up a growing share of each county's job base. The distribution in other sectors has been
fairly consistent between 2002 and 2012 in the two counties, although Johnston County has experienced
a slight decline in its share of private sector jobs and an increase in its share of government jobs. Much
of this shift is due to the continued loss of manufacturing jobs, reflecting a larger statewide and
nationwide trend. Wake County's lower dependence on manufacturing jobs has helped make its
economy somewhat more resilient than in other areas of the State.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

Table 12. Annual Employment Distribution - 2002/2012 (Percent)
2002 2012
Employment Industry North Wake Johnston Raleigh- North Wake Johnston Raleigh-
Carolina County County Cary MSA Carolina County County Cary MSA
Goods-Producing Domain
Natural Resources/Mining 1.0 0.6 2.7 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.0 0.4
Construction 5.8 7.3 8.7 7.4 4.4 5.5 7.6 5.7
Manufacturing 17.2 6.3 19.0 7.7 11.3 4.1 14.8 5.3
Service-Providing Domain
Trade/Transportation/Utilities 20.1 20.0 21.3 20.1 19.7 18.6 21.6 18.8
Information 2.1 4.6 1.4 4.2 1.8 3.8 0.5 3.5
Financial Activities 4.9 5.5 2.7 5.5 5.1 5.5 2.6 5.2
Professional/Business 11.3 20.1 7.3 16.0 13.8 20.1 8.3 18.9
Education and Health 20.2 19.3 19.3 17.5 23.9 19.3 24.0 19.8
Leisure and Hospitality 9.0 11.1 9.5 9.3 10.8 11.1 10.5 11.0
Other Services 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.5 3.2 2.3 3.1
Public Administration 5.7 8.5 5.8 8.4 6.0 8.5 5.8 8.3
Total Government Sector 16.0 17.7 17.5 17.8 17.7 17.0 21.5 17.5
Total Private Sector 84.0 82.3 82.5 82.2 82.3 83.0 78.5 82.5
Source: North Carolina Dfvfsfon ot Employment Security.
Notes: Employment numbers are Annual Average Employment for aggregate of all types by Super sector or pomain. Year 2012 most recent year in which
annual data available.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2828, and R-2829 - June 2014 24

5.4 COMMUNITY RESOURCES
5.4,1 Educational Faci/ities
Two major public school districts are located in the Demographic Study Area. Wake County Public
Schools, the nation's sixteenth largest school district, educates nearly 150,000 students. As shown in
Table 13, twenty-five of the district's 170 schools are located within the Demographic Study Area for
the project, and six of these are in the DCIA. Many of these schools currently operaie over capacity.
Property has been acquired for three new schools east of Garner—Bryan Road Elementary, Bryan Road
Middle, and an as yet unamed high school—but construction has not yet been scheduled.
Johnston County Schools, a rapidly-growing school system with forty-one schools, educates
approximately 30,000 students. As shown in Table 13, six of the district's schools are located within
the project Deinographic Study Area. None of these schools is within the DCIA.
As shown in Table 13, several private schools are located within the project Demographic Study Area.
The New School Montessori Center, on Sunset Lake Road in Holly Springs, includes preschool through
sixth grade. Hilltop Christian School, on Fayetteville Road in Fuquay-Varina, includes Kindergarten
through twelfth grade. Wake Christian Academy, west of US 401 near Garner, includes Kindergarten
through twelfth grade. Academy of Hope, on Covered Bridge Road in Clayton is an alternative school
for girls in grades eight through twelve. None of these schools is witin the DCIA. Dozens of private
daycare centers and preschools are located throughout the Demographic Study Area.
The main campus of Wake Technical Community College is located on the east side of US 401, just
south of Donnybrook Road; part of the campus is within the DCIA. The Clarksville Theological
Seminary, on West Main Street in Clayton, offers degrees in theology and religious education; it is not
within the DCIA.
The locations of public and private schools and colleges in the Demographic Study Area and the DCIA
are shown in Figure 11.
5.4.2 Parks, Recreation and Community Faci/ities
Figure 11 shows the locations of local parks, recreation facilities, golf courses, and other community
centers and facilities in the DCIA.
Draft Community Impact Assessment
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 – Apri12014
25

Table 13. Educational Facilities Within the Demo ra hic Stud Area
Name School S stem Location In DCIA? Corridor
Holl Sprin s Elementar Wake Count Holl Sprin s No
Holl Rid e Elementar Wake Count Holl Sprin s No
Holl Rid e Middle Wake Count Holl S rin s No
Middle Creek Elementar Wake Count Apex Yes Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
Middle Creek Hi h Wake Count Apex Yes Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
West Lake Elementar Wake Count Apex Yes Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
West Lake Middle Wake Count Apex Yes Pur le-Blue-Lilac Corridor
Ballentine Elementary Wake County Fuquay-Varina No
Fuqua -Varina Elementar Wake Count Fuqua -Varina No
Willow Sprin s Elementar Wake Count Willow Sprin No
Banks Road Elementar Wake Count Ralei h No
Vance Elementar Wake Count Ralei h Yes Oran e Corridor
Rand Road Elementary Wake County Garner No
Smith Elementar Wake Count Garner No
Garner Hi h Wake Count Garner No
Vandora S rin s Elementar Wake Count Garner No
Timber Drive Elementar Wake Count Garner Yes Red Corridor
Aversboro Elementary Wake County Garner No
North Garner Middle Wake County Garner No
Creech Road Elementar Wake Count Garner No
East Garner Elementar Wake Count Garner No
East Garner Middle Wake Count Garner No
Barwell Road Elementary Wake County Raleigh No
Hod e Road Elementary Wake County Knightdale No
Kni htdale Elementar Wake Count Kni htdale No
Riverwood Elementar Johnston Count Cla ton No
West View Elementar Johnston Count Cla ton No
West Clayton Elementary Johnston County Clayton No
Clayton Middle Johnston County Clayton No
Riverwood Middle Johnston Count Cla ton No
Cla ton Hi h Johnston Count Cla ton No
New School Montessori Private Holl S rin s No
Hilltop Christian School Private Fuquay-Varina No
Wake Christian Academy Private Raleigh No
Academ of Hope Private Cla ton No
Wake Technical Communit Colle e Post-Secondar Ralei h Yes Oran e Corridor
Clarksville Theolo ical Semina Post-Secondar Cla ton No
5.4.2.1 Public Parks and Recreation
As shown in Table 14, there are several park and recreational facilities located in the Demographic
Study Area. All have the poieniial to be subject to Section 4(� of the Department of Transportation Aci
of 1966, as amended (49 USC 303).
Descriptions of each of the park and recreational facilities are as follows:
Clemmons Educational State Forest — This state forest is located on Old US 70 on the Wake/Johnston
county border, northwest of Clayton. It features self-guided trails, ranger-conducted tours and classes,
and interpretive exhibits (NC Farest Service, 2013). Tl�ere are four main trails in the forest. Two of
them are short trails (less than one mile long) that feature audio recordings about the history of the forest,
information about the trees, and information about area geology. There are picnic sites as well as a large
Community Impact Assessment 26
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

covered picnic shelter available for public use near these two trails. The other two trails are the two-
mile long Demonstration Trail and the three-mile long Watershed Extension Loop Trail.
Crowder District Park — Wake County operates this 33-acre park on Ten Ten Road in Apex. It features
landscaped grounds and hardwood forests and its amenities include three playgrounds, three picnic
shelters, a sand volleyball court, play field, an outdoor amphitheater, and a 3-acre pond with a boardwalk
and an observation deck (Wake County Government, 2013).
Table 14. Parks and Recreational Facilities Within the Demo raphic Stud Area
Name Location In DCIA? Corridor
Clemmons Educational State Forest Old US 70, Clayton Yes Brown and Tan Corridors
Crowder District Park Ten Ten Road, Apex No
Middle Creek School Park Optimist Farm Road, Cary Yes Oran e Corridor
Bass Lake Park and Retreat Center Bass Lake Road, Holly Springs No
Sunset Oaks Park (proposed) Sunset Oaks neighborhood, Holly Springs Yes Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor)
Southeast Re ional Park (proposed) Barber Bridge Road, Willow Spring Yes Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
Lake Benson Park Buffaloe Road, Garner No
White Deer Park Aversboro Road, Garner Yes (Red Corridor)
existin and ro osed ex ansion
Br an Road Nature Park (proposed) Bryan Road, Garner Yes Red Corridor
Thompson Road Park Central Garner No
Centennial Park New Bethel Church Road, Garner No
South Garner Park Heather Hills neighborhood, Garner Yes Red Corridor
Garner Recreational Park Central Garner No
Neuse River Trail Along Neuse River southeast of Raleigh Yes (Green, Tan, and Brown
Corridors
Le end Park Northern Clayton No
Cla ton Communit Park Amelia Church Road, Clayton No
Middle Creek Schoo] Park — Operated by the Town of Cary, this park features lighted baseball/softball
fields and tennis courts, basketball courts, a greenway trail and a community center (Town of Cary,
2012). It is located near Middle Creek High School.
Bass Lake Park and Retreat Center — The Town of Holly Springs operates this site, located on scenic
Bass Lake. It includes an environmental education center, conference facilities, observation decks, and
a hiking irail (Town of Holly Springs, 2012).
Sunset Oaks Park — The Town of Holly Springs plans to develop 95 acres within the Sunset Oaks
neighborhood as a Town-Wide Entertainment Park (Town of Holly Springs, 2007). The Town owns a
portion of the planned park property and is continuing to acquire the remaining property. Beyond the
Green, the Town's 2007 park and recreation master plan, designates the park for passive recreational
use, but also recommends that the park include two soccer fields and connect to the surrounding
greenway trail system. The Town has not begun development of this park.
Southeast Re�;ional Park — Wake County plans to develop a park near the intersection of NC 42 and
Barber Bridge Road, in the Willow Spring area. The County has identified several parcels in this area
for purchase for the park and has received a North Carolina Clean Water Management Trust Fund grant
to purchase the parcels. The County has purchased the parcels at the southern end of the planned park
and is worlcing to purchase parcels at the northern end; however, the remaining parcels are currently in
private ownership. Under the grant, all of the parcels must be part of the park.
Community Impact Assessment 27
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

Lake Benson Park — Located on Buffaloe Road and operated by the Town of Garner, this park is an
approximately 63-acre park featuring a walking trail (1.8 miles), and accommodating a variety of
activities from family gatherings at the park's picnic shelters to town wide special events at the park's
50-seat amphitheater. Fishing and boat rentals are also available at the Lake Benson Boat House (Town
of Garner, 2013).
White Deer Park — Garner opened this 96-acre nature park and environmental education center in
November 2009. The parlc features five picnic shelters, two playgrounds, two miles of paved trails and
a 2,500 square foot nature center; it is the largest municipal park in Garner. Garner also owns a 35-acre
parcel adjacent to the White Deer Park property, and has plans to expand White Deer Park into this
parcel, although no development has taken place. When the town purchased this adjacent parcel in
2006, the Wake County deed transfer included a stipulation that the parcel must be developed for use as
a park and community center. The Town of Garner Comprehensive Parks and Recreation, Open Space
and Greenways Master Plan (Town of Garner, 2007), recommends continued design and
implementation of planned expansions of this parcel, in conjunction with the existing White Deer Park
parcel, with amenities such as signage, nature trails, picnic shelters, and boat access.
Bryan Road Nature Park — The Town of Garner has owned this 20-acre site since 1989 and has plans to
develop it with an environmental education center. When the town purchased this parcel, the Wake
County deed transfer included a stipularion that the parcel must be developed as a public nature park.
The town has also proposed the Mahler's Creek Greenway to run north to south through this site. The
Town of Garner Comprehensive Parks and Recreation, Open Space and Greenways Master Plan states
that the town should pursue funding for completion of a feasibility and easement and acquisition study.
The Plan also states that scenic passive recreation opportunities should be evaluated for the Bryan Road
Nature Park site in conjunction with development of Mahler's Creek Greenway.
Thompson Road Park — Garner operates this 13-acre park, which provides two multipurpose recreational
fields. It is located in central Garner.
Centennial Park — Garner operates this 10-acre park, located on New Bethel Church Road in southern
Garner, featuring soccer fields, a playground, and a walking traiL There is also a public shelter with a
seating capacity of 50.
South Garner Park — Garner operates the South Garner Park, an approximately 34-acre park located in
the Heather Hills subdivision. This park has three softball fields, a multipurpose field, tennis courts, a
hiking trail, and a large playground.
Garner Recreational Park — Located in the Garner historic district, this Town of Garner park features
two ball fields, a playground, and mountain biking trails.
Neuse River Trail — This 28-mile long greenway trail is a pedestrian and bicycle trail adjacent to the
Neuse River southeast of Raleigh. It is part of the City of Raleigh's Capital Area Greenway System.
Le�end Park — The Town of Clayton operates Legend Park, located in northern Clayton. This parlc
features mountain biking trails, hiking trails, and ball fields.
Cla_yton Communit_� — This 42-acre park, operated by the Town of Clayton, is located on Amelia
Church Road in southern Clayton. It features six tennis courts, eight bocce courts, three ball fields,
walking trails, and a community center.
Community Impact Assessment 28
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

5.4.2.2 Golf Courses
There are numerous golf courses in the Demographic Study Area—many are part of residential
subdivisions. Devils Ridge Golf Club is a private, 18-hole golf course in Holly Springs. Bentwinds
Golf and Country Club is a private golf course and recreation facility in northern Fuquay-Varina; it is
within the DCIA. Crooked Creek Golf Club, also located in northern Fuquay-Varina, is a private 18-
hole golf course. Riverwood Golf and Athletic Club operates two private golf courses in the
Demographic Study Area: Riverwood Golf Club in northeastern Clayton and Eagle Ridge Golf Club
southwest of Garner near US 401. Garner Golf Club is a private 9-hole course in southern Garner. 401
Par Golf, on US 401 in south Raleigh, is a miniature golf course and driving range. Eagle Ridge Golf
Club, located on Auburn-Knightdale Road south of Knightdale, is a private, l 8-hole golf course. Pine
Hollow Golf Club is a private, 18-hole golf course near US 70 near the Wake/Johnston county line.
Meadowbrook Golf Club is a public 9-hole golf course in southern Garner; it is the only public golf
course in the Demographic Study Area. It is within the DCIA.
5.4.2.3 Community Centers and Libraries
Libraries. There are two libraries in the Demographic Study Area—the Southeast Regional Library, in
central Garner, and the Hocutt-Ellington Memorial Library, in downtown Clayton. Neither of these
facilities is within the DCIA.
Post Offices. There are two post offices located in the Demographic Study Area. One is on Timber
Drive in Garner—this post office is within the DCIA. The other is near the intersection of NC 42 and
Cleveland Road in Clayton; it is not in the DCIA.
Communitv Centers. There are three community centers in the Demographic Study Area. The Middle
Creek Community Center, operated by the Town of Cary near Middle Creek High School, has classroom
space and a gymnasium and hosts dance, arts, and wellness classes. It also features public meeting
space. The Barwell Road Communiry Center, operated by the City of Raleigh and located in southeast
Raleigh, features a broad range of youth and adult educational programs. The Garner Senior Center, on
East Garner Road in northeastern Garner, is a multi-purpose facility serving as a focal point for local
programs and activities far older adults. It also features public meeting space. None of these facilities
is within ihe DCIA.
5.4.2.4 Places of Worship
Places of Worship. There are numerous places of worship within the Demographic Study Area in Wake
County and 19 in Johnston County. Table 15 lists the places of worship within the DCIA.
I aqle 'I b. F'laces ot worsfllp Wltflln tfle UGIA
Name Location Corridor
Word of Truth Church of God Eddie Creek Drive, Apex Oran e
Fuqua -Varina Church of Christ Whitted Road, Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Evan el Pentacostal Fa etteville Road, Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Wooten Chapel Sauls Road, Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Quest Fellowship Church Raynor Road, Garner Red
Sprin field Baptist Church Auburn Kni htdale Road, Garner Red
Trian le Baptist Church Old Sta e Road Oran e
Juni er Level Ba tist Church Sauls Road, Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Turner Memorial Baptist Church Benson Road, Garner Lilac
Mt. Herman Christian Church Raynor Road, Garner Green
Faith Tabernacle Ministr Gu Road, Cla ton Brown
Community Impact Assessment 29
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 – June 2015

5.4.2.5 Medical Centers and Hospitals
There are two medical centers in the Demographic Study Area. Johnston Medical Center – Clayton, on
NC 42 east of I-40, is a new facility including emergency care, outpatient surgery and diagnostic and
laboratory services. WakeMed Clayton Medical Park, part of the WakeMed system, is on US 70
Business near Clayton. It provides outpatient care and rehabilitation services. None of these facilities
is within the DCIA.
5.4.2.6 Public Safety Facilities
Police stations in the region are located in the downtowns of Holly Springs, Garner, and Clayton. There
is also a North Carolina Highway Patrol Training Center north of downtown Garner. None of these
facilities is within the DCIA. There is a Raleigh Police Department shooting range just off Battle Bridge
Road—this facility is within the DCIA.
Fire stations and emergency medical services (EMS) stations typically are co-located. There are several
scattered throughout the Demographic Study Area, as shown on Figure 11. Stations within or near the
limits of the Demographic Study Area are listed below; none of these facilities is within the DCIA.
Apex
Cary
Apex Volunteer Fire Department – NC 55, south of US 1
Fairview Rural Fire Department – near the intersection of Ten Ten Road and Holly Springs
Road.
Cary Fire Department Station No. 6– Ten Ten Road, near Kildaire Farm Road
Holly Springs
• Holly Springs Fire Siation No. 1– Holly Springs Road east of downtown Holly Springs
Garner
• Garner Fire-Rescue Station 1– West Main Street in downtown Garner
• Garner Fire-Rescue Station 2– Sauls Road south of Ten Ten Road
• Garner Fire-Rescue Station 3– Timber Drive at Vandora Springs Road
• Garner Fire-Rescue Station 4– Near Raynor Road
Raleigh
Raleigh Fire Department Station No. 26 – Rock Quarry Road near Battle Bridge Road
Knightdale
. Eastern Wake Fire Rescue Deparhnent – Clifton Road south of US 64/US 264 Bypass
Clayton
Clayton Fire Department – downtown Clayton
Clayton Emergency Services – downtown Clayton
5.4.3 Bicyc/e and Transit Routes
Bicycle and Pedestrian Routes. The Town of Cary maintains two existing multi-use trails in ihe
Demographic Study Area, and has several other proposed multi-use trails and bicycle routes in the area
(Town of Cary, 2008). Multi-use trails are designed for bicycle and pedestrian use. The two existing
trails are the 0.7-mile Camp Branch Greenway, north of Ten Ten Road near Kildaire Farm Road, and
Community Impact Assessment 30
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 – June 2015

the 0.5-mile Churchill Estates Greenway, south of Ten Ten Road near Crowder District County Park.
Roadways with striped bicycle lanes or wide curb lanes tend to be found in the more urban areas north
of the study area. Within the Demographic Study Area, no roadways with designated bicycle lanes or
wide curb lanes are specifically designated on state or local maps. In the eastern section of Raleigh, east
of I-40, several roadways are identified as having planned bicycle lanes in the 2030 Comprehensive
Plan (City of Raleigh, 2009). A map showing the location of proposed and existing routes and trails is
shown in Appendix D. There is one NCDOT bicycle route in the Demographic Study Area, the NC
5/Cape Fear Run, which follows Kildaire Farm Road and travels south along Sunset Lake Road, crossing
the DCIA.
The Neuse River Greenway is a 33-mile long paved multi-use trail that follows the Neuse River from
Clayton to Falls Lake Dam in North Raleigh. It crosses the Demographic Study Area in the vicinity of
Auburn-Knightdale Road. The portion of the trail in Wake Counry is managed by the City of Raleigh,
and the portion in Johnston County is managed by the Town of Clayton.
In general, sidewalks within the Demographic Study Area are limited to more urbanized areas and in
residential areas, with newer subdivisions generally having a comprehensive and well-maintained
system of sidewalks. Most sidewalks in the Demographic Study Area are separated from moving traffic
by a]andscaped or grassed buffer and are generally found along both sides of the roadway.
In general, outside of town ceniers bicycling and walking facilities in the Demographic Study Area are
for recreational purposes only. Generally low levels of bicycling and walking are observed except near
trails and parks.
Public Transit Routes. Maps of fixed public transit routes in the Demographic Study Area are shown
in Appendix E.
Within the Demographic Study Area, Raleigh's transit system, called GoRaleigh (formerly known as
Capital Area Transit) provides fixed route bus service between downtown and Wake Technical
Community College along US 401 (Route 40e) and between downtown and Garner, with park-and -ride
lots at two shopping centers along US 401 (Route 7). Route 40e is within the DCIA. GoRaleigh also
operates Accessible Raleigh Transportation (ART), which provides flexible para-transit services to
disabled Raleigh residents (CAT, 2015).
Triangle Transit (TTA) provides fixed route service connecting the major centers of the Research
Triangle region and coordinates vanpools in the area (TTA, 20l ]). One fixed TTA bus route serves the
project Demographic Study Area. Route 102 connects downtown Raleigh to Garner and serves a park-
and-ride lot at the Forest Hills Shopping Center. It is within the DCIA. During the I-40/I-440 "Fortify"
project, which will rebuild existing portions of I-40 and I-440 south of Raleigh, TTA is operating a
Johnston County Express route, between the Cleveland Crossing shopping center in Johnston County
and downtown Raleigh.
The Town of Cary's transit service, GTran, operates six fixed bus routes, but none of these are within
the Demographic Study Area (GTran, 2015). GTran also operates door-to-door transit service for Cary
residents who are at least 60 years old or disabled.
5.4.4 Vo/untary Agricu/tural Districts
Community Impact Assessment 31
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

Voluntary Agricultura] District (VAD) programs allow farmers to establish areas where cominercial
agriculture is encouraged and protected (North Carolina Agricultural Development and Farmland
Preservation Trust Fund, 2013). Authorized by ihe North Carolina General Asseinbly in the 1985
Farmland Preservation Enabling Act (6l :106-738) and implemented at the county level through the
adoption of an ordinance, VADs form partnerships between farmers, county commissioners and land
use planners. Farm landowners receive a set of benefits in exchange for restricting development on their
land for a specific time period. VADs raise public awareness in agricultural activity and help leaders
plan future development that will support and encourage the continued viability of local agriculture.
Wake and Johnston Counties each have a VAD program. Each program has numerous participating
farms. There are six VAD farms in the DCIA; Figure 12 shows the locations of these. Johnston
County's VAD program includes a public hearing requirei�nent but Wake County's does not.
5.5 INFRASTRUCTURE
This section describes the various utility systems operating throughout the project area, including
electricity, water, sewer and gas services.
5, 5,1 E/ectric Po wer
Most of the Demographic Study Area is served with electric power by Duke Energy. The Town of Apex
Electric Division provides service via the North Carolina Eastern Municipal Power Agency to some
parts of Apex (Town of Apex Electric Division, 2013). The Town of Clayton owns and operates an
electric distribution system (Town of Clayton, 2012). There are two electric power substations in the
DCIA—one on Battle Bridge Road and another on Ten Ten Road near Sauls Road.
5.5.2 Natura/ Gas
Natural gas services are provided to the Demographic Study Area by PSNC Energy, which supplies and
distributes natural gas throughout 28 counties in North Carolina. The major natural gas pipeline in the
DCIA is the Colonial Pipeline. It extends from west to east across the DCIA south of Ten Ten Road.
5.5,3 Water and Sewer
The City of Raleigh is the major provider of water and sewer service in Wake County. The City of
Raleigh provides water and sewer service to approximately 450,000 customers in Raleigh, Garner, and
Knightdale, as well as the Wake Forest, Rolesville, Knightdale, Wendell, and Zebulon areas (City of
Raleigh Public Utilities, 2013). Raleigh also is a wholesale seller of bulk water supply to customers
including the Town of Fuquay-Varina. Raleigh operates two water treatment plants. One of these, the
Dempsey E. Benton Water Treatment Plant, is in the Demographic Study Area just west of I-40. Raleigh
also operates three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). One of these, the Neuse River WWTP, is in
the Demographic Study Area east of Auburn Knightdale Road. Incorporated areas in the eastern and
north central portions of the Demographic Study Area are served by City of Raleigh water and sewer.
The Towns of Cary and Apex jointly own the Cary/Apex Water Treatment Plant, a water treatment plant
(WTP) west of the project area. This WTP has a treatment capacity of 40 million gallons per day
(MGD). Each of these towns maintains a water distribution system; together these two systems serve
over 65,000 customers (Town of Apex Public Works and Utilities Department, 2013, and Town of Cary
Public Works and Utilities Department, 20l 3). Cary and Apex each also provide sewer service to large
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parts of western Walce Couniy. The Town of Cary currently operates two WWTPs—one of these is the
South Cary Water Reclamation Facility, just south of the Demographic Study Area in the West Lake
area. The Town of Apex operates the Apex Wastewater Treatment Plant, near the western terminus of
the proj ect. Areas in the northwestern part of the Demographic Study Area are served by Cary and Apex
water and sewer.
Holly Springs receives its public water supply from Harnett County and is also able to purchase water
supply from the City of Raleigh. Holly Springs operates a wastewater treatment plant and provides
wastewater treatment to over 25,000 residents, with the capacity to treat 6 MGD of wastewater (Town
of Holly Springs Public Utilities Department, 2013). The Holly Springs service area includes the
western part of the Demographic Study Area.
A new Western Wake Regional WWTP recently opened west of the project area. It serves Cary, Apex,
Holly Springs, and Morrisville (Western Wake Partners, 2011). It will eventually increase the region's
wastewater treatment capacity by 18 MGD.
The Town of Clayton provides water distribution and sewer service to areas in the southeastern corner
of the Demographic Study Area. Clayton operates the Little Creek Water Reclamation Facility, which
has a treatment capacity of 2.5 MGD. Clayton augments its wastewater treatment capacity through
agreements with the City of Raleigh and Johnston County. Clayton purchases its water supply from
Johnston County.
In general, non-commercial development in unincorporated areas, which comprise large parts of the
Demographic Study Area between US 401 and US 64/264 Bypass, is limited to septic systems and well
water.
5.6 NEIGHBORHOODS
There are over 1,000 named residential subdivisions in the Demographic Study Area for the Complete
540 project, and numerous smaller, rural residential neighborhoods. The majority of these are single-
family residential subdivisions, although there are also a number of mobile home parks. Table 16 lists
those neighborhoods that are within the DCIA.
Table 16. Named Nei hborhoods Within the DCIA
Nei hborhood Municipal Location Corridor
Neighborhoods from NC 55 to US 401
Sunset Hills Apex Oran e
Fair Oaks A ex Oran e
Woodcreek Holl S rin s Oran e
Fairview Wooded Acres Holly Sprin s Oran e
Sancroft Holly Sprin s Oran e
South Lake Apex Oran e
Jamison Park Apex Oran e
Sunset Oaks Holl S rin s Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Talicud Trail Apex Purple-Blue-Lilac
Park at West Lake Apex Purple-Blue-Lilac
Crofts at Brackenrid e Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Hi h Grove Fu ua -Varina Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Bentcreek Fuqua -Varina Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Bentwinds Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Sprin field North Fuquay-Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Au usta Place Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
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Table 16. Named Nei hborhoods Within the DCIA
Nei hborhood Municipal Location Corridor
Johnson Pointe Fuquay-Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Meadowview Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Forest Rid e Fuqua -Varina Purple-Blue-Lilac
Brookshire Manor Ralei h Oran e
Langston Apex Oran e
Oxford Greene Apex Oran e
Bells Pointe Apex Oran e
Hi hland Creek A ex Oran e
Blue Skies Mobile Home Park Ralei h Oran e
Carria e Villa e Apex Oran e
Deerfield Park Apex Oran e
Rid ebrook Bluffs Ralei h Oran e
Woods of Ashbur Ralei h Oran e
McCullers Pines Ralei h Oran e
Nei hborhoods from US 401 to I-40
Vandora Pines Garner Red
Tiffan Woods Garner Red
Lakewood Garner Red
Breezewa Garner Red
Heather Sprin s Garner Red
Heather Hills Garner Red
Heather Rid e Garner Red
Summers Walk Garner Red
The Villa e at Aversboro Garner Red
Heather Woods Garner Red
Van Story Hills Garner Red
Forest Landin Garner Red
South Creek Garner Red
Everwood Garner Red
Lanerid e Raleigh Oran e
Rolling Meadows Ralei h Orange
Old Sta e Place Ralei h Oran e
Pine Meadow Willow Sprin Purple-Blue-Lilac
Rowland Hei hts Willow Sprin Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Woodson Willow Sprin Purple-Blue-Lilac
Whitefield Raleigh Purple-Blue-Lilac
Saddle Acres Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Little'ohn Acres Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Willow Bluffs Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
S rin haven Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Middle Creek Acres Raleigh Purple-Blue-Lilac
Blalock Forest Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
T ler Farms Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Nathans Landin Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Brookstone Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Hadley Meadows Raleigh Purple-Blue-Lilac
Ormond Plantation Raleigh Purple-Blue-Lilac
Little Creek Hei hts Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Southern Meadows Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Lassiter Farms Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Windy Hills Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Brittany Hills Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Laurel Grove Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
Hoke Landin Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Jacobs Rid e Ralei h Pur le-Blue-Lilac
Hunt Farms Ralei h Purple-Blue-Lilac
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Table 16. Named Nei hborhoods Within the DCIA
Nei hborhood Municipal Location Corridor
rest of Carolina Ralei h range
Autumn Crest Farm Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Tavernier Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Turner Farms Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Shannondale Raleigh Lilac
Britt Estates Ralei h Lilac
Heather Glen Ralei h Lilac
Wakefield Ralei h Lilac
S uire's Kee Ralei h Lilac
Grissom Farms Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Upchurch Farms Ralei h Orange, Purple-Blue-Lilac
Stevens Oaks Ralei h Oran e
Southern Trace Ralei h Lilac
Nei hborhoods from I-40 to US 64/US 264 B pass
Camelot Garner Red, Green
Barrington Hills Raleigh Lilac
Hillin ton West Ralei h Oran e, Lilac
Meadowbrook Estates Ralei h Lilac, Green
White Oak Landin Ralei h Brown
Avalon Ralei h Brown
Stone Creek Ralei h Brown, Tan
Preserve at Lon Branch Farms Ralei h Tan
Poplar Villa e Kni htdale Green
Pine Count Estates Kni htdale Green
Dreamland Mobile Cit Kni htdale Green
5.7 PLANS AND REGULATIONS
The following sections include a summary discussion of relevant planning documents and initiatives in
the Complete 540 study area. These plans will are further reviewed in the project's Indirect and
Cumulative Effects Report (Lochner, 2014b).
Wake County. The Wake County Land Use Plan, last updated in March of 2004, establishes policies
designed to influence the timing, type, location, and quality of future development in Wake County's
planning jurisdiction. These policies are intended to accommodate growth of urbanized areas within or
adjoining tbe County consistent with the Plan's goals and strategies. The Plan includes several small
area land use plans. Two of these plans cover areas within the Complete 540 project study area. The
East Raleigh-Knightdale Area Land Use Plan identifies areas along a representative corridor for Phase
II of the Complete 540 project with a Special Transportation Corridor designation. The Fuquay-Varina—
Garner Area Land Use Plan identifies areas along the protected corridor for Phase I and a representative
corridor for Phase II as a Special Highway Overlay District. The Wake County Land Use Plan also
includes a special Land Management Plan for Swift Creek. The Land Management Plan, adopted in
1990, identifies the Swift Creek basin's Watershed Critical Area and watershed buffer areas, within
which development activities are limited, and appropriate low-density land use categories for the
surrounding areas.
The Wake County Ti^ansportation Plan (2003) identifies mobility needs in unincorporated parts of Wake
County. It identifies the Complete 540 project ("Outer Loop") as a primary transportation need for the
area, indicating that completion of the Outer Loop was a stated objective of the Citizen Advisory Group
involved in the Plan's development. The Outer Loop is identified as a primary travel corridor for Walce
County.
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Raleigh. The City of Raleigh adopted a new 2030 Comprehensive Plan in November of 2009. The
Plan is the City's key policy document shaping all aspects of the community's physical development
and influencing related economic and social issues. One of the goals of the Plan is to enhance land use
and transportation coordination. The Complete 540 project is not specifically mentioned in the Plan,
although the Plan does identify an objective of coordinating transportation planning and funding with
neighboring jurisdictions and local transportation agencies so that sufficient right-of-way for future
transportation corridors may be preserved. The Complete 540 project would be consistent with the Plan.
Cary The Town of Cary's Comprehensive Plan is a compilation of several separate plans and elements
that together describe the Town's official vision for Cary's future. The plan addresses issues including
growth, land use, transportation, and housing. The Town of Cary Land Use Plan, adopted in 1996 and
last amended in 2009, is the land use component of the Comprehensive Plan. The Land Use Plan
presents the Town's official policy regarding the form and pattern of future development. One of its
functions is to direct provision of public infrastructure. The Land Use Plan Map identifies the protected
corridor for Phase I of the Complete 540 project as "Planned Outer Loop Right of Way."
The Town's Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP), adopted in 2008, identifies goals and
recommendations farprovision oftransportation facilities in the Town. The CTP identifies the Triangle
Expressway as a planned project, but does not specifically identify the Complete 540 project.
Apex. The Town of Apex adopted its Peak Plan 2030 comprehensive plan in 2013 with a goal of
presenting a vision of the community's future to inform development decisions. The Plan includes a
map illustrating proposed land uses in the Town in 2030. The map designates several acrivity centers—
key areas to accommodate higher-density, mixed-use growth. One of the proposed activity centers is
just north of the western terminus of the Complete 540 project at NC 55. Office space in larger buildings
is envisioned as a key element of this activity center.
Some of the transportation-related goals of Peak Plan 2030 include "efficient traffic circulation" and
"infrastructure that helps achieve land use and growth management objectives."
Fuquay-Varina. The Town has a Comprehensive Land Use Plan, adopted in 2005 and amended
regularly as needed. The Plan seeks to guide future development within the Town's Urban Services
Area (USA). The plan includes a Land Use Map, which designates desired future land uses in the USA.
The alignment of the protected corridor for the Complete 540 project is shown as a recomtnended major
thoroughfare on the Land Use Map.
The Town also has a Community Transportation Plan, which was adopted in 2006 and is also amended
regularly. This plan serves to guide the successful implementation of the Town's transportation system.
A key plan goal is "supporting economic vitality" through transportation improvements. The alignment
of the protected corridor for the Complete 540 project is shown as a recommended thoroughfare in this
plan, and proposed interchanges along this alignment are shown at Bells Lake Road and US 401. The
project is expected to improve access to other municipalities and regions throughout Wake County.
Garner. Garner's Comprehensive Growth Plan (2006) is intended to provide a long-range vision for
land development and redevelopment opportunities, community infrastructure decisions and community
image. Water quality issues in the Lake Benson area are especially prominent. The Plan identifies
several activity centers, where commercial, higher density residential, and mixed uses can be located.
The area surrounding the intersection of US 401 and the protected corridor for Phase I of the Complete
540 project is identifed as an activity center.
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The Garner Transportation Plan (2010) was approved by the Garner Town Council in Ociober 2010
after a year-long public process to discuss the future transportation needs of the Town and Region. This
intensive citizen engagement process led to a plan that depicts 540 in its traditionally planned location
(Orange Corridor). As early as 1999, Garner had placed emphasis on the original planned route of the
Complete 540 project (Orange Corridor). This route was central to the Town's previous transportation
plan. The community has been advocating, supporting, and waiting on the orange route for many years.
All of the Town's land-use planning for southern Garner has been centered on this proposed
transportation facility. The 20l 0 Transportation Plan noted the following:
"The Southern Wake Freeway (now termed the "Southeast Extension" of 540 by the
NC Turnpike Authority) has started forward movement through the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) planning process. The Town of Garner should
request quarterly small group meetings with the project consultant and NEPA manager
of NCTA/NCDOT to ensure that this project is designed in accordance with the goals
of Garner. This recommendation is critical: no other single project stands to impact
the traffic and travel patterns of automobile traffic to the degree of this proposed
proj ect."
Hollv Sprin�s. Vision Holly Springs is the Town of Holly Springs Comprehensive Plan. It was last
revised in 2008. The Plan seeks to establish and enhance a town-wide identity, encourage economic
development, and pramote livability. It establishes a future land use strategy, including a map of
planned future land uses. The Plan identifies regional centers for mixed use development along major
transportation routes through the town to ensure the best possible access while minimizing negative
impacts on area residential development. One of these regional centers, surrounding the intersection of
Kildaire Farm Road and Holly Springs Road, is in the vicinity of the protected corridor for Phase I of
the Complete 540 project.
Vision Holly Springs includes a transportation element, which establishes a vision for the future
transportation system in the town. The transportation element identifies the Complete 540 project
("Wake Freeway") as the largest and most significant planned road improvement that will impact the
town. The plan identifies the Complete 540 project as a future freeway facility through the Holly Springs
area.
Knightdale. The Town of Knightdale's 2027 Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2003, is a direct response
to the community's rapid growth, creating the building blocks far the Town's future development. It
includes a section outlining the Town's vision for its future and sections addressing individual topics
including land use and transportation.
The transportation element of the 2027 CompNehensive Plan, titled the Transportation Master Plan,
seeks to encourage the development of a transportation network that disperses traf�c while connecting
and integrating the Town's neighborhoods. I-540 is identified as an important regional roadway facility
that will both provide access to all parts of the Research Triangle region and spur development in
Knightdale; however, the Plan's discussion of I-540 focuses on the portion north of US 64/US 264
Bypass. The Complete 540 project would be consistent with the Plan.
Johnston Countv. The Johnston County 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted in March 2009, is
organized around seven goals for County growth including managing growth and infrastructure,
expanding economic opportunities, preserving farmland and rural character, and enhancing mobility.
The Plan indicates that the County's growth patterns have typically been driven by the location of major
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transportation facilities and that the County will continue to support key roadway improvements. While
promoting future growth the County seeks to protect area farming operations, both for community
character and economic benefits.
The Complete 540 project is shown as a planned transportation improvement in the Comprehensive
Plan. The Swift Creek watershed area, east of Clayton, is shown as an Environmental Sensitive Zone.
Johnston County also has a Comprehensive Transportation Plan, adopted in 2011.
Clayton. The Town of Clayton adopted a Strategic Growth Plan in March 2008 to prepare for
increasing population growth and its effects on transportation, open space, and other community
features. The Plan addresses the incorporated town as well as its extraterritorial jurisdiction, which
extends approximately two miles around the town limits. The Plan indicates that much local traffic
congestion is attributable to the many Clayton residents that commute to jobs in Raleigh and other
surrounding areas. The Plan includes a map designating proposed land uses within the town and its
extraterritorial jurisdiction. The Complete 540 project is shown as a Proposed Freeway on this map.
Parts of the project study area within Clayton are generally designated for moderately dense residential
development, with areas along US 70 Business designated for commercial development.
5.8 NATURAL RESOURCES
This section summarizes the natural resources located within the Demographic Study Area and is based
on the Natural Resources Technical Report (Mulkey, 2014), prepared for the Complete 540 project.
Much of the area within the Detailed Study Alternatives (DSAs) consists of maintained/disturbed lands.
The other major land cover types in the DSAs are dry-mesic oak-hickory forest and agricultural/pasture
lands. Land use in the Demographic Study Area and the DCIA ranges from urban to agricultural. Water
resources in the study area are mainly located in the Neuse River basin (USGS Hydrologic Unit
03020201), with resources at the western edge of the study area within the Cape Fear River basin (USGS
Hydrologic Unit 03030004).
Numerous named and unnamed streams are within the Demographic Study Area. There are three
general watersheds within this area: Middle Creek and its tributaries, Swift Creek and its tributaries, and
the Neuse River and its tributaries. The Swift Creek Critical Watershed Area is located in the northern
part of the Demographic Study Area and the DCIA; it is a water supply watershed encompassing Lake
Wheeler and Lake Benson and Swift Creek between these two lakes. As described in Section 5.7,
development in the Swift Creek watershed area is limited by watershed protection policies within Walce
County's Swift Creek Land Management Plan (1990). Swift Creek is classified as a Water Supply-III
waiershed with nutrient sensiiive waters (WS-III NSW) by the North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Division of Water Resources (NCDENR, 2014).
There are several streams within the project study area that are included on the North Carolina 303(d)
list, in which NCDENR identifies impaired waters as required under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water
Act of 1972 (NCDENR, 2014). Middle Creek and Swift Creek, two of the major streams within the
immediate project area are both included on 303(d) lisi. Middle Creek, which is classified as a Class C
watershed with nutrient sensitive waters, is listed as impaired from south of US 1 to the backwaters of
Sunset Lake due to fair benthic integrity. From the dam at Sunset Lake to just upstream of US 401,
Middle Creek is listed as impaired due to poor fish coinmunity. Terrible Creek, a tributary of Middle
Creek, is also identified as an impaired water body between Johnson Pond and Middle Creek due to fair
benthic integrity.
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Several other waterways in the Neuse River basin are also included on the North Carolina 303(d) list.
Beddingfield Creek from its source to the Neuse River is listed as impaired due to fair benthic integrity.
Little Creek in Johnston County is listed as impaired from its source, near Clayton, to Swift Creek, about
eleven miles south, due to fair benthic integrity. The Neuse River itself in the vicinity of Auburn
Knightdale Road is listed as impaired due to a fish tissue advisory of potential PCB contamination.
None of the water bodies in the project study area are classified as High Quality Waters or Outstanding
Resource Waters.
There are four federally protected species within the Demographic Study Area: the Red-cockaded
woodpecker (Picoides borealis), Michaux's sumac (Rhus michauxii), the Dwarf wedgemussel
(Alasmidonta heterodon) and the Tar River spinymussel (Elliptio steinstansana).
There are several sites in the Demographic Study Area that are designated by the North Carolina Natural
Heritage Program (NCNHP) as Natural Heritage Program (NHP) Natural Areas (NCNHP, 2001 and
2003). These include the following:
Blue Pond Salamander Site — In the Sunset Lake area in Holly Springs, this is one of Wake County's
most important amphibian breeding sites.
Middle Creek Aquatic Habitat — This designation covers Middle Creek from the area near Sunset Lake
Road in Holly Springs to Smithfield in Johnston County. It is significant because it supports several
rare aquatic species.
Middle Creek Bluffs and Floodplain — This is a segment of the Middle Creek system in the area between
Holly Springs and Fuquay-Varina. It features a wide floodplain and slopes supporting an extensive
mesic mixed hardwood forest natural community and good quality alluvial forest communities.
Neuse River (Clayton� Forests — This is an area along the Neuse River south of the US 64/LTS 264
Bypass. It contains several types of forested natural communities.
Swift Creek Aquatic Habitat — This designation covers Swift Creek from downstream of Lake Benson
to Smithfield in Johnston County. It is significant because it supports several rare mussel species,
including the federally proiected Dwarf wedgemussel.
Walnut Creek Sumac Site — Near Barwell Road in southeastern Raleigh, this area supports one of North
Carolina's best known populations of the federally protected MichauX's sumac.
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6 POTENTIAL COMMUNITY IMPACTS
6.1 PRO]ECT AREA EFFECTS
The project has the potential to cause impacts on the human environment at both a broad, project area
level and a more site-specific neighborhood level. This section considers impacts at the project area
level, focusing on project effects at the DCIA level or greater. These effects generally apply equally to
all the Detailed Study Alternatives (DSAs), except where noted. Section 6.2 addresses impacts at the
DSA and/or neighbarhood level for project impacts that are more local in nature.
6.1.1 Visual, Character and Aesthetic Effects
Most of the DCIA is low-density suburban and rural in nature. The major exceptions to this are the
areas near I-40, US 401, and US 70, and the eastern and western project termini, which include
commercial and industrial development. Residential neighborhoods are more numerous along the
western end of the Orange Corridor and along the Purple-Blue-Lilac and Red Corridars. The DCIA,
particularly in the western part of the area, continues to grow and become more suburban.
The introduction of any large roadway facility in a rural area can alter the local perception of the visual
environment. While aesthetic and landscape features such as open agricultural iields, pastures, forest-
lined streams and woodland areas are present throughout the project study area, they are not limited to
the DCIA. For this reason, the landscape within ihe DCIA is noi characterized by unique aesthetic
features. All of the DSAs have the potential to offer visually pleasing views of these landscape features
from the proposed roadway. Conversely, all of the DSAs have the potential to detract from existing
views of rural and natural areas enjoyed by residents adjacent to the proposed roadway. Groups that
may experience negative visual impacts include those with a view of the roadway, such as users of
adjacent property (residents, employees, recreational users, etc.)
Overall, visual changes along the DSAs would be intermittent, with some residents subjected to a view
of the roadway, and others shielded from the roadway by topography and vegetation. The visual and
aesthetic effects likely for each of the color-coded Preliminary Corridor Alternatives are discussed
below.
Orange Corridor — Residential neighborhoods are adjacent to much of the Orange Corridor; however,
many of these neighborhoods have been developed prior to establishment of the protected corridor
within the Orange Corridor or developed adjacent to the protected corridor in accordance with local land
use plans that took the protected corridor into account. For this reason, many of these neighborhoods
have wooded buffers or other open space between residential lots and the proposed right-of-way within
the Orange Corridor. A notable exception is the area between Rhodes Road and Johnson Pond Road,
where the Orange Corridor would displace existing residences and create a possible visual impact.
Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor — This corridor extends through a developed low-density suburban
landscape in northeastern Holly Springs, southern Cary, and northeastern Fuquay-Varina, then crosses
a rural and suburban landscape between US 401 and NC 50. The southernmost part of this corridor
features more rural land uses. The introduction of the roadway along this corridor would create a notable
visual impact in this area.
Lilac Corridor — The Lilac Corridor crosses the same rural and suburban landscape south of Ten Ten
Road and west of NC 50 that the Orange Corridor crosses. However, the Lilac Corridor would directly
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impact more neighborhoods in this area, displacing more residences, and thus may create a greater visual
impact in this area.
Red Corridor — This corridor extends through a developed, low-density suburban landscape in Garner.
In addition to numerous residential neighborhoods, this area includes multiple existing and planned
nature-oriented parlcs. The introduction of the roadway in either of these two corridors would create a
notable visual impact in this area. A DSA using the Red Corridor would likely result in the most notable
negative impacts to the visual and aesihetic environment.
Green and Mint Green Corridors — Most of the area in the vicinity of these corridors is rural, with
scattered low-density residential development. These corridors would change the visual nature of the
area by introducing a major roadway facility into a fairly rural landscape. In addition, these corridors
cross the Randleigh Farm property, a 417-acre tract on Battle Bridge Road jointly owned by the City of
Raleigh and Wake County. Multiple uses, including parkland and an environmental education center,
are planned for the property. Introducing the roadway in this area could change the visual nature of this
property. The Green Corridor bisects the property, while the Mint Green Corridor is shifted to the
eastern side of the property, shifting the impacts to the edge of the property.
Tan Corridor — Most of the area in the vicinity of this corridor is rural, with scattered ]ow-density
residential development. This corridor would change the visual nature of the area by introducing a
major roadway facility into a fairly rural landscape. The Tan Corridor would directly impact more
residential lots than the Green Corridor and thus may create a greater visual impact in this area. The
Tan Corridor would also cross the northwestern corner of the Clemmons Educational State Forest,
possibly changing the visual nature of this area. However, the location of the corridor on the periphery
of this area could limit the magnitude of this change.
Brown Corridor — Most of the area in the vicinity of this corridor is rural. This corridor would change
the visual nature of the area by introducing a major roadway facility into a fairly rural landscape. The
Brown Corridor would directly impact fewer residential lots than the Tan, Green, or Mint Green
Corridors, so the visual changes in this area could be experienced by fewer people. Like the Tan
Corridor, the Brown Corridor would cross the northwestern corner of the Clemmons Educational State
Forest, possibly changing the visual nature of this area.
Teal Corridor — This is a short connector corridor between the Green Corridor and the Brown Corridor
in a fairly rural area. This corridor would change the visual nature of the area by introducing a major
roadway facility into a somewhat rural landscape.
6.1.2 Transportation Network
The Complete 540 project would enhance the existing transportation network by improving east-west
transportation mobility and reducing congestion in the project area. The project is anticipated to
influence mobility and accessibility between places of residence and wark and travel time.
6.1.2.1 Mobility and Access
The project is likely to improve mobility and system-wide connectivity in the project area, facilitating
vehicular access to businesses, public services, and other facilities in the area. For residents in rapidly
growing communities throughout the Demographic Study Area, there are limited transportation options
between these communities and major employment and activity centers along the existing 540 Outer
Loop and along roadways connecting to the existing Outer Loop, such as I-40, NC 147, and US 1/64.
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The existing routes for travel between these areas are limited to primary and secondary roads with lower
posted speed limits, no control of access, and frequent traffic signals. By providing a controlled-access,
high-speed connection across the project area, the project would improve regional roadway system
linkage, which would help enhance mobility and improve access.
As shown in the Southeast Extension First Tier Screening Ti^a�c Memorandum (HNTB, May 2011)
prepared for this project, the new location highway concept for this project would reduce travel times
between key destinations in the project area and major nearby employment centers such as Research
Triangle Park (RTP) by l0 to 25 percent over currently forecast 2035 travel times. The new location
highway concept would also reduce the congested vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the project area by
as much as 26 percent as compared to 2035 forecast conditions. By reducing travel times beiween
residences, employment centers, and commercial areas, and by reducing congestion on the area roadway
networlc, the project would improve mobility and access for project area residents and travelers.
6.1.2.2 Transit
As described in Section 5.4.3, fixed-route public transportation is very limited in the project area. The
project is unlikely to have a notable effect on existing public transportation services. However, the
project would provide enhanced regional east-west travel, which could provide an opportunity for east-
west transit service.
6.1.2.3 Bicycle and Pedestrian Routes
Interchanges and intersections along the project will be grade-separated from existing roadways. For
this reason, the project is unlikely to have a notable effect on existing bicycle and pedestrian routes. All
of the DSAs would cross the Neuse River Trail, but because the crossing would be grade-separated from
the existing trail, effects on the trail will be limited. DSAs using the Brown or Teal Corridor would also
require a slight modification to the existing trail, but existing bicycle and pedestrian use of the trail
would be maintatined.
6.1.3 Economic
Population and employment in the vicinity of the project are expected to continue to increase rapidly.
According to CAMPO, more than twice as many jobs are expected in Wake County in 2035 as in 2005
(CAMPO, 2009). Johnston County is expected to see similar job growth.
While economic development is not an explicit component of the purpose of the Complete 540 project,
local, regional, and state planners and elected officials believe this project will enhance the economic
coinpetitiveness of the project area. The municipalities in the project area anticipate that the project will
spur commercial and industrial growth near interchange areas, increasing local tax bases and providing
new jobs for area workers. For instance, the Town of Apex expects that the Veridea development, a
large mixed-use development planned near the western terminus of the Complete 540 project, will
ultimately bring 30,000 jobs and $6 billion in new tax revenue to the Town. However, the full build-
out of this development is dependent upon construction of the Complete 540 project. All of the
municipalities have policies in place to encourage more commercial and industrial development, given
that much of the area currently consists of lower-density residential development.
Business relocations are discussed in Section 6.2.2 of this report. Business relocations include those
that are within the right-of-way limits or are denied access according to the functional engineering
designs for the DSAs.
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The Greenfield South Business Park is located in Garner between I-40 and US 70 Business. This 416-
acre commercial and industrial development is Garner's primary industrial recruitment area and is a
foundation of the town's local employment base. The Red Corridor would extend across Greenfield
South, between I-40 and US 70 Business, requiring acquisition of 26 lots (in eight parcels) within the
Business Park, directly impacting approximately 44 acres. The Town of Garner estimates that these 26
lots have a total Wake County tax value of over $30 million and would therefore decrease its tax base
by over $30 million. Garner's current Economic Development Policy, as outlined in the town's 2006
Comprehensive Growth Plan, emphasizes the need to expand the town's tax base and to achieve a more
balanced mix of non-residential and residential development by expanding non-residential uses. By
eliminating a substantial area of land targeted for coinmercial and industrial development, the Red
Corridor would conflict with this goal.
6.1.4 Community Safety
6.1.4.1 Emergency Response
The project could likely have a long-term positive impact on emergency response rimes in the DCIA.
The project could shorten some response times for emergency services by decreasing travel times within,
as well as outside of, the DCIA, and by providing improved east-west mobility in the area. None of the
DSAs would directly impact any fire stations or police stations and none of these facilities are located
adjacent to any of the DSAs.
6.1.4.2 Pedestrian and Bicycle
The proposed project does not include pedestrian and bicycle facilities because it would be a controlled-
access toll facility. In general, none of the DSAs are anticipated to affect the overall safety of non-
motorist access to businesses, public services, schools, or other facilities in consideration of general
pedestrian and bicycle access and safety within the DCIA. It is possible that new interchanges on
existing roadways could afFect pedestrian and bicycle safety in those individual locations, but this effect
would be common to all of the DSAs.
6.1.5 Land Use
As described in Section 5.7, most of the jurisdictions in the project area have adopted land use plans
that acknowledge the planned Complete 540 projeci. Several of ihese plans include land use policies
that explicitly support the project, and most of the plans that include these policies base them on the
assumption that, in the Phase I area, the project will be located within the protected corridor. In fact,
six of the jurisdictions have indicated that construction of the project within the protected corridor is
required in order for their currently adopted planning objectives to be met.
While the Orange Corridor, which generally follows the protected corridor, most closely aligns with
localland use planning objectives and desired development patterns, some of the other corridors could
also either support these objectives or avoid conflicting with them. Based on reviews of local plans and
discussion with local planning staff, all of the Phase II corridors (Green, Mint Green, Brown, Tan, and
Teal) would offer at least partial support to local planning objectives. One notable exception is the
Green Corridor's impacts on the Randleigh Farm property, which would disrupt City of Raleigh plans
to develop this site as a mixed-use community. The Mint Green and Tan Corridors also impact this
properry, but would shift the impacts closer to the eastern edge of the property.
As compared to the other corridors under consideration, the Red Corridor would have significant
negative impacts on local land use planning objectives and desired development patterns. They would
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

impact five of the Town of Garner's six iargeted growth areas, liiniting the town's plans to promote
orderly growth in these areas. The Red Corridor would also directly impact the Greenfield South
Business Park, the foundation of Garner's local employment and tax base. By eliminating a substantial
area of land targeted for commercial and indusirial development, the Red Corridor would conflict with
the town's objectives of promoting the expansion of the local tax base and expanding non-residential
uses. Development of the project in the Red Corridor would require a complete rewrite of Garner's
Comprehensive Growth Plan.
The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would also negatively impact local land use planning objectives. It
conflicts with all of Holly Springs's long range plans developed since the protected corridor was
established in 1996 and 1997. The Town's Vision Holly Springs comprehensive plan establishes
regional centers for mixed use development along major transportation routes through the town to ensure
the best possible access while minimizing negative impacts on area residential development. By shifting
a majar transportation route from the planned Orange Corridor to a different, unplanned alignment, the
Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would not provide transportation access in the most appropriate locations
and would not minimize negative impacts on residential development. The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
would also conflict with the vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian connectivity between neighborhoods that
Holly Springs's plans have shaped over the years. Similarly, the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would
conflict with the planned locations of firture activity centers in Wake County's land use plan, shifting
needed transportation access away from these areas onto more residential areas.
Indirect and cumulative effects and changes in land use as a result of the project are further evaluated in
the Indirect and Cumulative Effects Report prepared for the project (Lochner, 2014b).
6.1,6 Farm/and
In 2011, the average annual employment in the agricultural sector accounted for 0.2 percent of total
employement in Wake County and 2.0 percent of total employment in Johnston County (NCDES, 2012).
According to the Census of Agriculture (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007), the number of farms in
Wake Counry decreased from 846 to 827 between 2002 and 2007, and the median farm size decreased
from 57 acres to 38 acres. In Johnston County, the number of farms increased from 1,144 to 1,245, but
median farm size decreased from 78 acres to 48 acres. As shown in the Natural Resources Technical
Report (Mullcey, 2014) about 15 percent of the land within the DSAs is considered to be in agricultural
use.
As described in Section 5.4.4, Wake and Johnston Counties both have a VAD program. Both programs
have numerous participating farms; six VAD farms are within the DCIA. The first is just north of the
Clayton Bypass along the Wake-Johnston County line—the Orange and Lilac Corridors would each
cross this farm. The second is on Ten Ten Road east of Old Stage Road—it would not be impacted by
any corridors. The third is on US 70 in Johnston County just south of the county line—the Brown
Corridor would cross the western edge of this farm. The reinaining three farms are on Old Stage Road
near NC 42—the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would impact one of these three farms.
In accordance with the Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA) of 1981 (7 CFR Part 658) and State
Executive Order Number 96, an assessment was conducted for the potential impacts of land acquisition
and construction activities on prime, unique, and local or statewide important farmland soils, as defned
by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS).
The FPPA defines farmland as either prime farmland, unique farmland, farmland other than prime or
unique that is of statewide importance, or farmland other than prime or unique that is of local importance.
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These types of farmland are defined by Section 1504(c)(1) of the Act. These definitions refer to areas
where the soils are conducive to agricultural production, not just areas currently or historically used as
farmland. According to the Act, prime farmland does not include land already in or committed to urban
development or waier storage.
The NRCS assigns ratings to potential farmland impacts in order to determine the level of significance
of impacts. The ratings are coinprised of two parts. The Land Evaluation Criterion Value represents
the relative value of the farmland to be converted and is determined by the NRCS on a scale from 0 to
100 points. The Corridor Assessment, which is rated on a scale of 0 to 160 points, evaluates farmland
soil based on its use in relation to the other land uses and resources in the immediate area. The two
ratings are added together for a possible total rating of 260 points. Sites receiving a total score of 160
points or more are given increasingly higher levels of consideration for protection.
All proposed DSAs would involve the use of prime farmland and state and locally important farmland
soils. In accordance with the FHWA Guidelines for Implementing the Final Rule of the Farmland
Protection Policy Act for Highway Projects, a Farmland Conversion Impact Rating (FCIR) for Corridor
Type Projects (NRCS CPA-106) was prepared and submitted to the NRCS. Table 171ists the total acres
of prime farmland soil types in each DSA, along with ihe total FCIR score for each. Copies of the FCIR
forms, which show the calculation of each score, are in Appendix F. It is important to note that because
separate Land Evaluation Criterion Values are assessed for each of the two counties in this project, these
values had to be combined in order to assign a total value to each DSA. A weighted average of the two
values for each alternative (one for its portion in Wake and one for its portion in Johnston) was calculated
based on the percent of the DSA's length in each county.
'able 17. Im acts to Prime Farmland b DSA
DSA Corridors in DSA Total Acres Prime FCIR Total
Farmland Soil* Points
� Orange - Green 2,051 116
2 Orange — Green — Mint Green — Green 2,040 117
3 Orange — Brown — Tan — Green 2,035 128
4 Orange — Brown — Green 2,049 128
5 Orange — Green — Teal — Brown — Green 2,056 118
6 Orange — Red — Green 1,972 101
7 Orange — Red — Mint Green - Green 1,949 103
$ Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green 2,328 129
g Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green — Mint Green — Green 2,310 128
10 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown — Tan — Green 2,286 136
11 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown — Green 2,300 136
12 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green — Teal — Brown — Green 2,332 128
13 Orange — Lilac — Green 2,175 121
14 Orange — Lilac — Green — Mint Green — Green 2,165 121
15 Orange — Lilac — Brown — Tan — Green 2,122 128
16 Orange — Lilac — Brown — Green 2,146 128
� 7 Orange — Lilac — Green — Teal — Brown — Green 2,164 120
* Within the right-of way based on preliminary functional designs plus 40 feet on each side.
Each of the DSAs would result in a total FCIR score of less than 160 points. Therefore, in accordance
with the Farmland Protection Policy Act, no mitigation for farmland loss is required for the project.
There is relatively little variation in the total acreage of prime farmland soil types among the DSAs.
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STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

6,1.7 Natura/ Resources
All of the DSAs cross Swift Creek, which is a 303(d)-listed stream. The Red Corridor also crosses a
303(d)-listed upstream tributary to Swift Creek; DSAs using the Red Corridor also cross the Swift Creek
Critical Watershed Area. All of tbe DSAs have the potential to affect the Swift Creek Aquatic Habitat
NHP Natural Area. All of the DSAs also cross a 303(d) listed portion of Middle Creek near the western
terminus of the project; the DSAs that include the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor cross Middle Creek in a
second 303(d)-listed location and also cross a 303(d) listed portion of Middle Creek. All the DSAs have
the potential to affect the Middle Creek Aquatic Habitat, Middle Creek Bluffs and Floodplain, and Blue
Pond Salamander Site NHP Natural Areas. The Brown Corridor crosses 303(d)-listed portions of Little
Creek and Beddingfield Creek. The Green, Mint Green, and Tan Corridor cross 303(d)-listed portions
of the Neuse River.
As described in Section 5.9, there are four federally protected species within the Demographic Study
Area. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has concurred that the project will have no effect on the Red-
cockaded woodpecker or Michaux's sumac. Surveys and research are being conducted to identify the
potential impacts of the project on the two freshwater mussel species. The Dwarf wedgemussel is found
throughout Swift Creek through the Demographic Study Area; however, the portion of Swift Creek
downstream of the Lake Benson dam is particularly important for the long-term survival of this species
in the region. DSAs using the Red Corridor would cross Swift Creek upstream of the Lake Benson dam
and would therefore avoid this downstream area. All of the other DSAs would cross Swift Creek in the
downstream area.
6.2 NEIGHBORHOOD/COMMUNITY EFFECTS
6,2,1 Community Services and Faci/ities
6.2.1.1 Schools
As show in Table 13, there are several educational facilities within the DCIA. The DSAs would avoid
directly impacting any of these sites except Wake Tech. The Orange Corridor would directly impact
property at the northeastern corner of Wake Tech, but the corridor would not impact any buildings on
the site.
All DSAs would temporarily impact school bus routes during construction and result in modifications
of existing routes and/or require new bus routes.
6.2.1.2 Parks, Recreation and Community Facilities
Parks, recreation and community facilities in the Demographic Study Area and the DCIA are described
in Section 5.4.2. Five existing and planned park and recreation sites within the DCIA would be impacted
by the project's DSAs. Those impacts are described below.
Clemmons Educational State Forest — The right-of-way within the Brown Corridor and the Tan
Corridor would directly impact the northwest corner of the Clemmons Educational State Forest. The
Brown Corridor would directly impact about 500 feet of the Watershed Extension Loop Trail, one of
the trails in the northwest corner of the State Forest; the Tan Corridor would not affect this trail. Shifting
these corridors to avoid these direct impacts would result in increased impacts to nearby streams and to
the adjacent Stoney Creek neighborhood.
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Southeast Regional Park (planned facility) — The right-of-way within the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor
would avoid directly impacting all of the land currently in public ownership for the planned Southeast
Regional Park. The right-of-way would, however, directly impact privately-owned parcels that Wake
County intends to purchase for development as part of the park. There is no feasible way to shift the
corridor to avoid the privately-owned parcels without incurring major impacts to nearby neighborhoods.
Middle Creek School Park — The southern edge of the right-of-way within the Orange Corridor would
affect the far northern edge of Middle Creek School Park. However, this part of the park is a narrow
strip of land at the northern edge of the Jamison Park neighborhood, and there are no active recreational
uses within this area.
Sunset Oaks Park (planned facility) — The right-of-way within the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would
impact the eastern portion of the planned Town of Holly Springs Sunset Oaks Park. The only way to
avoid crossing the planned park would be shifting the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor to the east into the
Parlc at West Lake neighborhood, a large, densely developed residential coi�nmunity.
White Deer Park planned expansion area — The right-of-way within the Red Corridor would directly
impact this expansion parcel and it would be very difficuli to shift the alignment without directly
impacting one of several other parks in this area and impacting several additional neighborhoods. Even
if an alignment were shifted to either the northern or southern edge of the parcel, the impacts would
completely span the parcel from west io east, a distance of about a quarter of a mile.
The White Deer Park expansion area, along with the existing White Deer Park, and several other Town
of Garner parks form a linear chain of recreational resources. The Town of Garner CompYehensive
Parks and Recreation, Open Space and Greenways Master Plan (Town of Garner, 2007) underscores
the value placed on maintaining connections between these resources by encouraging the development
of trails and paths between them. Disruption of this connection would be a negarive impact to the
Town's overall plans for recreational facilities in this area.
Bryan Road Nature Park (planned facility) — The right-of-way within the Red Corridor would bisect
this park, making it difficult to develop a portion of it with its intended uses. Shifting the corridor would
be constrained by the location of Centennial Park, to the south. Plus additional neighborhood impacts
would result from a shift out of the park either to the north or the south.
Neuse River Trail — All of the DSAs would cross the Neuse River Trail, but because the crossing would
be grade-separated from the existing trail, effects on the trail will be limited. DSAs using the Brown or
Teal Corridor would also require a slight modification to the existing trail, but existing recreational use
of the trail would be maintained.
No community centers, libraries, medical facilities or public safety facilities would be directly impacted
by any of the DSAs.
6.21.3 Places of Worship
As described in Section 5.4.2.4, there are several places of worship in the DCIA. The Word of Truth
Church of God is located at the western edge of the Orange Corridor, just of NC 55. All of the DSAs
would require acquisition of about 1 acre of this church's 1.5 acre parcel, although the church building
likely would be able to remain. The Red Corridor would require acquisition of property through the
middle of a large parcel owned by Springfield Baptist Church, on Auburn-Knightdale Road in Garner.
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There would be no impact to any buildings on the parcel, but the impact would split the parcel into one
20 acre section to the north and a 19 acre section to the south.
6.2.1.4 Infrastructure
Utilities and non-transportation infrastructure are concentrated in the more developed areas, but serve
communities throughout the DCIA. Duke Energy transmission lines and transmission stations are found
in the DCIA and may be impacied by any of the DSAs. There are also natural gas transmission lines
scattered throughout the project, as well as water and sewer facilities.
Detailed informarion about the potential impacts of the DSAs on utilities in the DCIA is in the project's
Utility Impact Report (Hinde Engineering, 2014).
6.2.2 Re/ocations and Disp/acements
Potential relocation impacts based on preliminary functional designs for each DSA are shown in Table
18. This information was obtained from the project's Relocation Reports (HDR, 2015).
There is a wide range in the number of relocations that would be required as a result of the different
DSAs, but for all the DSAs, the vast majority of the relocations would affect residential properties.
DSAs 1 through 5, which all use the complete Orange Corridor between NC 55 Bypass and I-40, would
result in far fewer relocations than the other DSAs. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor between
NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in the most relocations, requiring over twice as many relocations
as the DSAs using the complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Orange Corridor to the Li1ac Corridor
between NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in nearly 80 percent more relocations than those using the
complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Red Corridor would result in greater than 60 percent more
relocations than those using the complete Orange Corridor.
There is relatively little variation among each group of DSAs using a particular alignment between NC
55 Bypass and I-40, indicating that there is relatively little variation in the number of relocations required
by the various corridors east of I-40. Among these groups, alignments following the complete Brown
Corridor would result in somewhat fewer relocations than alignments following the other corridors east
of I-40.
It is the policy of NCDOT to ensure that comparable replacement housing is available for relocatees
prior to construction of state and/or federally assisted projects. Furthermore, the NCDOT has three
programs to minimize the inconvenience of relocation: relocation assistance, relocation moving
payments, and relocation replaceinent housing payments or rent supplements.
With the Relocation Assistance Program, experienced NCDOT staff will be available to assist displacees
with information such as; availability and prices of homes, apartments, or businesses for sale or rent,
and financing or other housing programs. The Relocation Moving Payment Program, in general,
provides for payment of actual moving expenses encountered in relocation. Where displacement will
force an owner or tenant to purchase or rent property at higher cost or to lose a favorable financing
arrangement (in case of ownership), the Relocation Replacement Housing Payments or Rent Supplement
Program will compensate up to $22,500 to owners who are eligible and qualify, and up to $5,250 to
tenants who are eligible and qualify.
The relocation program for the proposed action will be conducted in accordance with the Federal
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-
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646) and the North Carolina Relocation Assisiance Act (GS-133-5 through 133-18). This program is
designed to provide assistance to displaced persons in relocation to a replacement site in which to live
or do business. At least one relocation officer is assigned to each highway project for this purpose.
Table 18. Relocations Required b DSA
DSA Corridors in DSA Relocations
Residential Business Farm Non rofit TOTAL
1 orange - Green 269 6 0 3 278
2 Orange — Green — Mint Green — Green 271 6 1 3 281
3 Orange — Brown — Tan — Green 256 5 1 3 265
4 Orange — Brown — Green 234 5 1 3 243
5 Orange — Green — Teal — Brown — 263 6 0 3 272
Green
6 Orange — Red — Green 435 12 0 2 449
7 Orange — Red — Mint Green - Green 437 12 � 2 451
8 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green 548 16 1 1 566
9 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green 550 16 2 1 569
— Mint Green — Green
10 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown 537 16 2 1 556
— Tan — Green
11 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown 515 16 2 1 534
— Green
� 2 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green 542 16 1 1 560
— Teal — Brown — Green
13 Orange — �ilac — Green 466 14 0 1 481
14 Orange — Lilac — Green — Mint Green — 46H 14 1 1 484
Green
15 Orange — Lilac — Brown — Tan — Green 455 14 1 1 471
16 Orange — �ilac — Brown — Green 433 14 1 1 449
� � Orange — Lilac — Green — Teal — Brown 460 14 0 1 475
— Green
5ource: c;ompiete b4u Keiocauon Kepons, zu�5.
The relocation officer will determine the needs of displaced families, individuals, businesses, non-profit
organizations, and farm operations without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The
NCDOT will schedule its work to allow ainple time, prior to displaceinent, for negotiation and
possession of replacement housing that meets decent, safe, and sanitary standards. The relocatees are
given a 90-day written notice after NCDOT purchases the properiy. Relocation of displaced persons
will be offered in areas not generally less desirable in regard to public utilities and commercial facilities.
Rent and sale prices of replacement housing will be within the 6nancial budget of the families and
individuals displaced and will be reasonably accessible to their places of employment. The relocation
officer also will assist owners of displaced businesses, non-profit organizations, and farm operations in
searching for and moving to replacement property.
All tenant and owner residential occupants who may be displaced will receive an explanation regarding
all available options, such as: 1) purchases of replacement housing; 2) rental of replacement housing,
either private ar public; and 3) moving existing owner-occupied housing to another site (if practicable).
The relocation officer also will supply information concerning other state or federal programs offering
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assistance to displaced persons and will provide other advisory services as needed in order to minimize
hardships to displaced persons in adjusting to a new location.
Last Resort Housing is a program used when comparable replacement housing is not available, or is
unavailable within the displacee's iinancial means, and the replacement payment exceeds the federal
and state legal limitation. The purpose of the program is to allow broad latitudes in methods of
implementation by the state so that decent, safe, and sanitary replacement housing can be provided.
Since opportunities for replacement housing appear adequate within the study area, it is not likely that
the Last Resort Housing Program would be necessary for the proposed project. However, this program
will still be considered as mandated by State law.
6.2.3 Neighborhood and Community Cohesion Impacts
NCDOT's environmental planning process places a high priority on the avoidance and minimization of
neighborhood disruption in defining, evaluating, and selecting the DSAs and developing functional
engineering designs within the DSA corridors. The initial land suitability mapping process for the
project included identifying residential areas along with other constraints in the project study area.
Alternative alignments were developed to achieve a balance between impacts to residentia]
developments and sensitive natural and cultural features in the study area.
Numerous cohesive neighborhoods are located within the DCIA. These include areas such as residential
subdivisions, rural communities near crossroads areas, and communities with strong ties to local
churches, etc. DSAs that result in relocations at the edge of communities are less likely to have
substantial negative impacts on community cohesion and social interaction or changes in neighborhood
social patterns. Neighborhoods with displacement impacts in more central locations are more likely to
experience a barrier effect, with negative impacts on cohesion, because the project's right-of-way width
would separate parts of the neighborhoods.
All of the DSAs would directly impact existing neighborhoods, and all would affect community
cohesion to some extent. Table 19 shows the neighborhood impacts of the Preliminary Corridor
Alternatives that comprise the DSAs. DSAs using the Orange Corridor would have more minor impacts
on community cohesion than DSAs using other corridors in the Phase I area. This is because the Orange
Corridor follows the project's protected corridor fairly closely and much development in this vicinity
has occurred after corridor protection. For this reason, neighborhoods have generally developed either
north or south of the protected corridor, but do not cross the corridor. A notable exception is the
Deerfield Park neighborhood, which would be bisected by the Orange Corridor, resulting in numerous
relocations and changes in access to remaining properties. The Orange Corridor would also bisect the
nearby Blue Skies Mobile Home Park, requiring relocations of several of the mobile homes, and the
Fairview Wooded Acres neighborhood. The Orange Corridor would directly impact the edge of the
Sancroft neighborhood near Holly Springs Road. It would also direcily impact ihree communities in
the vicinity of US 401: Oxford Greene, the Woods of Ashbury and the McCullers Pines neighborhoods.
The Orange Corridor would require relocations of properties at the edges of these communities and
would alter the neighborhoods' existing access to the surrounding road network.
The Red, Lilac, and Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridors would all bisect several large communities and would
impact the edges of several others, inaking these the most disruptive options from a
neighborhood/community cohesion perspective. The Red Corridor would bisect the Brookwood,
Tiffany Woods, Heather Ridge, Village at Aversboro, and Forest Landing neighborhoods and would
impact the edges of Vandora Pines, Vandora Village, and Van Story Hills. The Lilac Corridor would
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bisect neighborhoods in the central part of the project area: Turner Farms, Britt Estates, Barrington Hills,
and Hillington West. It would also directly impact the edge of the Southern Trace neighborhood.
The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would bisect the largest number of neighborhoods, disrupting the
cohesion ofthese communities: Talicud Trail, High Grove, Johnson Pointe, Rowland Heights, Littlejohn
Acres, Springhaven, Blalocic Forest, and Southern Meadows. The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would
impact the edges of many more neighborhoods, including Sunset Oaks, the Crofts at Brackenridge,
Springfield North, Willow Bluffs, Tyler Farms, Hadley Meadows, Brookstone, Jacobs Ridge, Hoke
Landing and Grissom Farms.
Table 19. Nei hborhood Im acts of Prelimina Corridor Alternatives
Preliminary Corridor Alternative
T pe of Effect
Purple- Mint
Neighborhood Orange Blue- Lilac Red Green Green Tan Brown Teal
Lilac
Nei hborhoods from NC 55 to US 401
Fairview Wooded Acres 5
Sancroft 2
Sunset Oaks 3
Talicud Trail 5
Crofts at Brackenridge 2
High Grove 5
Bent Creek 1
Berrington 1
Bentwinds 1
Springfield North 3
Johnson Pointe 5
Oxford Greene 3
Bells Pointe 1
Blue Skies MHP 4
Deerfield Park 5
Woods of Ashbury 3
McCullers Pines 3
Neighborhoods from US 401 to I-40
Brookwood 5
Vandora Pines 3
Tiffany Woods 5
Vandora Village 3
Breezeway 1
Heather Ridge 4
The Village at Aversboro 5
Van Story Hills 3
Forest Landing 5
South Creek 1
Laneridge 1
Rolling Meadows 1
Old Stage Place 1
Pine Meadow 1
Rowland Heights 5
Littlejohn Acres 5
Willow Bluffs 3
Blalock Forest 5
Springhaven 5
Middle Creek Acres 1
Tyler Farms 2
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Table 19. Nei hborhood Im acts of Prelimina Corridor Alternatives
Preliminary Corridor Alternative
T e of Effect
Purple- Mint
Neighborhood Orange Blue- Lilac Red Green Green Tan Brown Teal
Lilac
Hadley Meadows 3
Brookstone 3
Southern Meadows 5
Windy Hills 1
Hoke Landing 2
Jacobs Ridge 2
Crest of Carolina 1 1
Tavernier 1 1
Autumn Crest Farm 1 1
Turner Farms 5
Shannondale 1
Britt Estates 5
Grissom Farms 1 3 1
Upchurch Farms 1 1
Stevens Oaks 1
Southern Trace 3
Neighborhoods from I-40 to US 64/US 264 Bypass
Barrington Hills 1 5
Hillington West 5
Meadowbrook Estates 3
White Oak Landing 1 3
Avalon 1
Stoney Creek 1
Farmdale Acres 2
Preserve at Long Branch Farms 2
Key: 1— Change in access only
2— Relocations at edge of neighborhood only
3— Relocations at edge of neighborhood and change in access
4— Relocations through middle of neighborhood only
5— Relocations through middle of neighborhood and change in access
Due to the more rural landscape east of I-40, the corridors in this part of the project area would have
fewer impacts to larger residenrial neighborhoods. The Green Coridor would directly impact the edge
of Meadowbrook Estates, the Mint Green Corridor would directly impact the edge of Farmdale Acres,
and the Brown Corridor would directly impact the edge of the White Oak Landing neighborhood. The
Tan Corridor would also directly impact the edge of the Preserve at Long Branch Farms, near Battle
Bridge Road in the eastern part of the project area. The Teal Corridor would not bisect any cohesive,
developed communities.
By forming a notable physical barrier between older parts of Garner to the north, and newer residential
subdivisions to the south, the Red Corridor would have the effect of dividing the town. Lower-income
areas with higher concentrations of minority residents would be north of these corridors and higher-
income areas with lower concentrations of minority residents would be south of them. This effect is
particularly important because many Garner residents view US 70 Business, constructed in the 1950s,
as having had the same effect of physically dividing the Garner community.
Because most of the DCIA is suburban or rural in nature, much of the area experiences relatively 1ow
existing noise levels. Communities adjacent to the proposed project in suburban and rural areas would
experience a general increase in noise levels.
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Inforrnation about the potential noise impacts to properties near the DSAs is described in detail in the
Traffic Noise Analysis prepared for the project (Lochner, 2015). DSAs using the Red Corridor will
impact notably more noise receptors (residences, schools, churches, recreational facilities and other
similar sites) than the other DSAs. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor will impact fewer noise
receptors than the other DSAs. The noise analysis found that numerous noise barriers along each DSA
would be feasible and reasonable; further analysis to determine which noise barriers will be incorporated
inio the design of the project will be completed after a Preferred Alternative has been identified.
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
6,3,1 To//ing Considerations
The consideration of environmental justice impacts in the development of toll projects is a relatively
new endeavor. FHWA's Environmental Justice Emerging Trends and Best Practices Guidebook is the
primary guidance available for assessment of such effects for toll projects (November, 2011). This
resource describes potential issues that could apply to all toll road scenarios, including a toll road on
new location. Potential issues with respect to tolling and environmental justice for the Complete 540
project are listed and evaluated in Table 20.
Table 20. General Environmental Justice Evaluation for Toll Facilities
Pro'ect Consideration Comment
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Non-toll
Availability of non-toll facilities facilities remain available as alternate routes, including I-40, I-440, US 70,
NC 55, Ten-Ten Road, and NC 42.
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Non-toll
Adequate north-south and east-west corridors corridors are available to continue to serve as alternate north-south (e.g.,
to serve as alternate routes I-40 and NC 55) and east-west (I-440, US 70, Ten-Ten Road, and NC 42)
routes.
Potential for minimal impact. All travelers would continue to have access
Non-toll alternatives equitable in terms of travel to existing non-toll corridors (e.g., I-40, I-440, US 70, NC 55, Ten-Ten
time or distance Road, and NC 42). If travelers choose to use existing routes, their travel
distances will remain the same. It is possible that travel times for drivers
usin non-toll routes could be slightly greater than usin the new facility.
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Project is
Tolling effect on transit unlikely to affect transit service. There is minimal existing transit service in
the project area. Project could provide opportunities for transit service
enhancement.
Cost of toll to be added after traffic and revenue study
Specific payment options have not yet been determined. In addition to
paying tolls, electronic toll collection may involve establishing an account.
100% Electronic Tolling Some low-income users may not be willing or able to establish an
account. Electronic tolling options that do not require an account are
planned to be available. Tolls on the existing Triangle Expressway are
sli htly hi her for those without accounts.
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Very limited
Diversion of traffic through neighborhoods potential for diverted traffic through neighborhoods containing special
populations.
Increased air quality/noise issues in Some neighborhoods could experience noise level increases, but project
neighborhoods is not likely to cause disproportionately high and adverse impacts to
nei hborhoods with special populations.
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Location of
Access to businesses the project alternatives in an area mainly limited to low-density suburban
development means that the project is unlikely to have a notable effect on
existin access to businesses.
No potential for disproportionately high and adverse impact. Relatively
Impact to businesses small numbers of relocations required by any of the alternatives would
affect businesses. Based on a review of Census data, interviews with
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Pro'ect Consideration Comment
oca p anners, an win s ie surveys, t e a ecte usinesses are not
likel to serve concentrated minorit or low-income o ulations.
Denial of benefits or disproportionate impacts Minimal potential for disproportionately high and adverse impacts. While a
to low-income drivers new toll facility could be cost-prohibitive to low-income drivers, non-toll
routes will continue to be available.
In addition to the factors described in Table 20, the projeci would provide a new route in the region,
reducing traffic and congestion on existing alternate non-toll routes such as I-40, I-440, US 70, NC 55,
Ten Ten Road, and NC 42. By providing the opportunity for accelerated project delivery, using tolling
as a funding source could help provide the benefit of reduced congestion sooner than with traditional
funding sources. Completing the project would benefit all motorists, including low-income motorists
who may choose not to use the toll facility or may tend to use it less frequently. Benefits and burdens
resulting from the project are anticipated to be equitably distributed throughout the community.
6.3.2 Environmenta/ lustice Findings
Based on available data, while low-income and minority populations are located in various parts of the
Demographic Study Area, these populations are generally not concentrated within the DCIA. The low-
income and minority populations near the project DSAs are generally located north and east of the DCIA
boundary. While there are low-income and minority populations along US 401 between Garner and
Fuquay-Varina, the DSAs generally avoid these populations.
The project's Relocation Reports (HDR, 2015) indicate the likely household income level for residential
relocations. Median household size in the Demographic Study Area is slightly under three individuals
per household. The federal threshold for poverty for a household of three individuals is an annual
household income of no more than $20,090. As discussed in Section 5.1.5, about 10 percent of
households in the Demographic Study Area have incomes below the federal poverty level and another
9 percent have incomes in the "near poor" category (between the poverty level and 150 percent of the
poverty level). Table 21 lists the number of residential relocations for each DSA with likely annual
household incomes under $25,000 per year and those with incomes between $25,000 and $35,000.
Based on the relocation surveys, a very small proportion of the total relocations will affect households
with annual incomes under $25,000. The proportion of relocatees with incomes between $25,000 and
$35,000 is also relatively small. All households with incomes below $35,000 account for six io thirteen
percent of the total relocations, depending on DSA. These percentages are well below the 19 percent
of residents of the Demographic Study Area with incomes below the poverty level or in the "near poor"
category. This suggests that none of the DSAs would result in a disproportionate relocation effect on
low-income individuals.
There are two locations in the DCIA that account for the largest number of low-income relocatees. One
is the Blue Skies Mobile Home Park on Rhodes Road, south of Ten Ten Road. All of the DSAs except
those using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would affect this neighborhood, requiring relocation of ] 7
homes. The other location is Dreamland Mobile City on Knightdale Estates Drive, east of Hodge Road
near the eastern terminus of the project. A portion of the Green Corridor included in all 17 DSAs would
affect this neighborhood, requiring relocation of six homes.
Based on a review of 2010 Census data at the block group and block level, the area around the
Dreamland Mobile City neighborhood appears to be the sole cluster of minority residents affected by
the DSAs. Census data indicate that a majority of the residents of this area are of Hispanic/Latino
ethnicity. Since this area is near the eastern terminus of the project, all of the DSAs impact this
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neighborhood. Each DSA would require relocation of six homes in this neighborhood. This is a very
small proportion of the total relocations for each of the DSAs. Because this proportion is very small,
and because all of the DSAs would have the same effect, none of the DSAs would likely result in a
disproportionate relocation effect on minority individuals.
Table 21. Household Income Levels of Residential Relocations
Total Relocations with Relocations with
DSA Corridors in DSA Residential Income Under Income Between
Relocations $25,000 $25,000 and $35,000
1 Orange - Green 269 5 28
2 Orange - Green - Mint Green - Green 27� 5 2$
3 Orange - Brown - Tan - Green 256 5 27
4 Orange - Brown - Green 234 5 25
5 Orange - Green - Teal - Brown - Green 263 5 27
6 Orange — Red — Green 435 6 28
7 Orange — Red — Mint Green - Green 437 6 2$
8 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green 548 3 32
9 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green — 55O 3 32
Mint Green — Green
10 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown 537 3 2$
— Tan — Green
11 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Brown 515 3 26
— Green
� 2 Orange — Purple — Blue — Lilac — Green — 542 3 31
Teal — Brown — Green
13 Orange — Lilac — Green 466 5 48
14 Orange — Lilac — Green — Mint Green — 46$ 5 48
Green
15 Orange — Lilac — Brown — Tan — Green 455 5 44
16 Orange — Lilac — Brown — Green 433 5 42
17 Orange — Lilac — Green — Teal — Brown — 46� 5 47
Green
Source: c.:ompiete b4U Keiocation Keports, 'LU1b.
At the time of this report, it was unknown whether discounts for toll transponders would be available io
special groups, such as low-income commuters. However, low-income commuters would have the
option to use non-toll alternate routes such as I-40, I-440, US 64/264 Bypass, NC 55, NC 42, and Ten
Ten Road. These non-toll alternate routes would have reduced traffic after the project is constructed
and open to traffic, so users of non-toll routes would indirectly benefit from the project without paying
tolls.
Impacts to low-income or minority populations resulting from implementing the Complete 540 project
as a toll facility are not anticipated to be "disproportionately high and adverse." Benefits and burdens
resulting from the project are anticipated to be equitably distributed throughout the community.
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6.4 SECTION 4(F) RESOURCES
Section 4(f� of the US Department of Transportation Act (49 USC 303) applies to transportation projects
that use lands from publicly owned parks, recreational areas, wildlife refuges, or historic sites. Under
Section 4(�, FHWA cannot approve a transportation project that requires the use of any of these
resources unless certain conditions are met, including demonstration that there are no feasible and
prudent alternatives that avoid impacring the resource and that the project includes all possible planning
to minimize harm to the property as a result of the use.
As described in Section 6Z.1.2, there are multiple park and recreation sites that potentially would be
impacted by the project's DSAs. Each of the DSAs has some involvement with one or more park
properties. Additionally three historic properties along the DSAs are subject to Section 4(�
requirements.
White Deer Park Planned Expansion Area
The White Deer Park planned expansion area is included in the Town of Garner Comprehensive Parks
and Recreation, Open Space and Greenways Master Plan (Town of Garner, 2007) and is in public
ownership by the Town of Garner. Figure 13 shows the location of this park expansion area and the
potential impacts of the Red Corridor. The Red Corridor impacts 9.4 acres of the park expansion area
and leaves a 12.2 acre isolated section of the expansion area north of the Red Corridor.
When Garner purchased the 35-acre White Deer Park planned expansion parcel in 2006, the Wake
County deed transfer included a stipulation that the parcel must be developed for use as a park and
coinmunity center. The Comprehensive Parks Master Plan recommends continued design and
implementation of planned expansions of this parcel, along with the existing 96-acre White Deer Park
parcel and Thompson Road Park. The Plan also recommends further development of this parcel, in
conjunction with the existing 96-acre White Deer Park parcel, with amenities such as signage, nature
trails, visual accesses and overlooks, wildlife viewing stations and birding trails, picnic shelters, a new
fishing pier, and boat access to water bodies. The Plan also discusses the possibility of shifting a planned
community arts center from the 96-acre White Deer Park parcel to the expansion parcel.
Based on the available information, the White Deer expansion parcel is eligible for protection under
Section 4(� because it:
• is in public ownership by the Town of Garner,
• will permit visitation by the general public at any time during the normal operating hours of the
facility,
• will have no fees associated with its use, other than rental fees for amenities such as picnic
shelters,
• is primarily intended for recreational use, and
• Garner has formally designated and determined it to be significant for park and recreational
purposes.
Bryan Road Nature Park
The planned Bryan Road Nature Park is also included in the Town of Garner Comprehensive Parks and
Recreation, Open Space and Greenways Master Plan (Town of Garner, 2007) and is in public ownership
by the Town of Garner. Figure 14 shows the location of this park and the potential unpacts of the Red
Corridor. The park is bisected by the Red Corridor with 5.7 acres directly impacted; leaving 10.2 acres
north of the road and 4.2 acres south of the road.
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The town has owned the 20-acre Bryan Road Nature Park site since 1989 and has plans to develop it
with an environmental education center. When the town purchased this parcel, the Wake County deed
transfer included a stipulation that the parcel must be developed as a public nature park. The town has
also proposed the Mahler's Creek Greenway to run north to south through this site. The Comprehensive
Parks Master Plan states that the town should pursue funding for completion of a feasibility and
easement and acquisition study. The Plan also states that scenic passive recreation opporiunities should
be evaluated for the Bryan Road Nature Parlc site in conjunction with development of Mahler's Creek
Greenway.
Based on the available information, the Bryan Road Nature Park is eligible for protection under Section
4(fl because:
• it is in public ownership by the Town of Garner,
• it will permit visitation by the general public at any time during the normal operating hours of
the facility,
• it will have no fees associated with its use, other than rental fees for the environmental education
center,
• its major purpose and function will be for recreational use, and
• Garner has identified it as a significant recreational resource.
Clern�nons Educational State Forest
The Clemmons Educational State Forest is an 830-acre site in public ownership by the State of North
Carolina, and managed by the North Carolina Forest Service. North Carolina's Forest Resources
Assessment, adopted in 2010, is the North Carolina Forest Service action plan. It establishes a vision
for protecting North Carolina forest values and benefits and establishes a strategic plan for implementing
that vision. The primary goal of the plan is forest resource management. Another of the elements of
the vision established by the plan is enhancing the benefits of North Carolina's forests, and one
component of this addresses recreation resources of the State's forests. This component describes the
importance of the recreational resources of the State's forests in encouraging protection and sound
management of the State's forests. According to the policy established in FHWA's 2012 Section 4(�
Policy Pape�, if recreation has not been established as the primary purpose of a resource, it does not
qualify as a recreational resource under Section 4(�. However, the Watershed Extension Loop Trail
within Clemmons may independently qualify as a recreational resource under Section 4(�. FHWA and
NCDOT are continuing to coordinate with the North Carolina Forest Service to further clarify Section
4(� applicability to the Watershed Extension Loop Trail and will resolve the applicabiliry prior to
preparing the project's Final EIS.
Both the Brown and Tan Corridors cross the northwestern corner of this resource, affecting 17.6 and 7.0
acres, respectively. However, as described above, Section 4(� would not apply to the Clemmons
Educational State Forest property, although it may be applicable to the Watershed Extension Loop Trail.
Figures 15, 15a, 15b, and 15c show the location of this resource with respect to the Brown, Tan and
Teal Corridors. The Brown Corridor would directly affect about 500 feet of the 3-mile long Watershed
Extension Loop Trail at its westernmost reach, but it would not affect any of the other trails within the
forest ar access to any trails. None of the other corridors would affect any of the forest trails. More
information about this is provided in the Draft Section 4(f) Evaluation, which is an appendix to the
project's Draft Environmental Impact Statement (Lochner, 2015).
Sunset Oaks Park
The 78-acre parcel designated for development of Sunset Oaks Park is in public ownership by the Town
of Holly Springs. The planned park is described in Beyond the Green, the parks and recreation master
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plan for Holly Springs, published in 2007. The Town-owned land is open to the public, and both passive
and active recreational uses are planned for the park. The Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would cross the
planned park, directly affecting 9.6 acres and separating a 4.5 acre section of the park east of the
highway. Figure 16 shows the location of the planned park and the potential impacts of the Purple-
Blue-Lilac Corridor on it. Plans for the park are not yet detailed enough to determine exactly how the
Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would affect recreational uses planned for the park.
Based on the available information, the planned Sunset Oaks Park is eligible for protection under Section
4(f� because:
• it is in public ownership by the Town of Holly Springs,
• it will permit visitation by the general public at any time during its normal operating hours,
• it will have no fees associated with its use, other than rental fees for amenities,
• its major purpose and function will be for recreational use, and
• the Town of Holly Springs has identified it as a significant recreational resource.
Middle Creek School Park
The 105-acre Middle Creek School Park is in public ownership by the Town of Cary. This park opened
in 2001 and is included in the Town of Cary's 2012 Parks, Recreational and Cultural Resources Master
Plan. The park is open to the public and includes a wide range of public recreational facilities. The
Orange Corridor crosses a small portion of the extreme northern edge of Middle Creek School Park,
directly affecting 1.6 acres. The area affected is a narrow strip of open space along the northern edge
of a residential neighborhood. There are no active recreational uses in this part of the park—all of the
park's recreational facilities are well to the south of this area. Figure 17 shows the location of Middle
Creek School Park and the potential impacts of the Orange Corridor on it.
Middle Creek School Park is eligible for protection under Section 4(� because:
• it is in public ownership by the Town of Cary,
• it permits visitation by the general public at any time during its normal operating hours,
• it has no fees associated with its use, other than rental fees for amenities,
• its major purpose and function is for recreational use, and
• the Town of Cary has identified it as a significant recreational resource.
While Middle Creek School Park is eligible for protection under Section 4(�, the right of way needed
within the DSAs affecting the park are not anticipated to adversely affect the activities, features, and
attributes of the park. More information about this is provided in the project's Draft Section 4(�
Evaluation (Lochner, 2015).
Southeast Regional Park
While some of the land intended for development of the Wake County Southeast Regional Park is in
public ownership by Wake County, the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would only impact land currently in
private ownership. The FHWA Section 4(� Policy Paper indicates that "when privately held properties
[planned for park development] are formally designated...for future park development, Section 4(fl is
not applicable." Because the affected parcel is in private ownership, Section 4(� would not apply.
Neuse River Trail
The section of the Neuse River Trail in the vicinity of the DSAs is in public ownership within land
owned by the City of Raleigh. This section of the Neuse River Trail opened to the public in 2013. The
trail is included in the City of Raleigh's 2014 Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources System Plan.
All of the DSAs would cross the trail.
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DSAs using the Green Corridor in the vicinity of the Neuse River would cross the trail on the same
bridge that would cross the Neuse River. This is shown on Figure 18a. For DSAs using the Mint or
Tan Corridor in this area, the trail would be accommodated under the new road with an appropriately
sized box culvert to accommodate the trail. These are shown on Figures 18b and 18c. For the Tan
Corridor, there is a potential impact south of the crossing on the east side of the highway. This could
be addressed and avoided during �nal design of the highway.
DSAs using the Brown Corridor in this area (including DSAs connecting to the Brown Corridor via the
Teal Corridor), would affect the trail in two places. This is shown on Figure 18d. These options would
cross the existing trail where it parallels Old Baucom Road and would also affect the existing trail where
it parallels Brownfield Road. However, the existing trail could be modified as part of the project design
to maintain public use of the trail. As an alternative to replacing the trail along Brownfield and Old
Baucoin Roads as it is currently configured, the trail could possibly cross under 540 in a culvert or could
go north along Brownfeld Road to Battle Bridge Road and cross under 540 in conjunction with the
bridges at this location. In either of these options the trail would be located east of 540 with a connection
back to the current trail along Old Baucom Road east of the 540 interchange.
The Neuse River Trail is eligible for protection under Section 4(� because:
• it is on land in public ownership by the City of Raleigh,
• it permits visitation by the general public at any time during its normal operating hours,
• it has no fees associated with its use,
• its major purpose and function is for recreational use, and
• the City of Raleigh has identified it as a significant recreational resource.
While the Neuse River Trail is eligible for protection under Section 4(�, the DSAs affecting the park
are not anticipated to adversely affect the activities, features, and attributes of the park. Under the Brown
Corridor scenario, the existing trail would need to be modified as part of the Complete 540 project design
to inaintain public use of the traiL Mare information about this is provided in the project's Draft Section
4(f� Evaluation (Lochner, 2015).
Historic Properties
Through consultation wiih the North Carolina State Historic Preservaiion Office (HPO), it was
determined that there are 25 historic sites included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Resiter of
Historic Places (NRHP) in the vicinity of the DSAs that are subject to Section 4(� requirements. Of
these 25 sites, six have the potential to be affected by Complete 540 DSAs. Through this consultation,
it was determined that three of these sites have the potential to be adversely affected and have potential
Section 4(� use by DSAs. These three sites are the Baucom-Stallings House, which would be impacted
by the Tan Corridor, and the Faulhaber Farm and Bryan Farm Historic District, which would both be
impacted by the Red Corridor. These properties are discussed in detail in the Historic Architectural
Resources Survey Report prepared for this project (Mattson et al., 2014).
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7 IMPACT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 CONCLUSIONS
DSAs using the complete Orange Corridor between NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in
substantially fewer relocations than the other DSAs. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac
Corridor would result in the highest number of relocations, requiring over twice as many
relocations as those using the complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Orange Corridor to
the Lilac Corridor between NC 55 Bypass and I-40 would result in nearly 80 percent more
relocations as those using the complete Orange Corridor. DSAs using the Red Corridor would
result in over 60 percent more relocations as those using the complete Orange Corridor. Nearly
all the relocations required by any of the DSAs would be residential relocations.
All of the project DSAs would have negative impacts on existing neighborhoods. DSAs using
the Orange Corridor would directly impact fewer neighborhoods than DSAs using the Red,
Lilac, or Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridors. They would also require far fewer relocations. The Red,
Lilac, and Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridors would all bisect multiple residential neighborhoods,
affecting the existing cohesion in these neighborhoods. The Red Corridor would physically
divide the Town of Garner, separating lower-income areas to the north from higher-income
areas to the south.
• All of the DSAs would result in access changes to existing neighborhoods, including notable
changes in travel patterns to and from some neighborhoods.
• The DSAs would have minimal impacts on low-income and minority communities. While
minority and low income populations are present in the DCIA, no notably adverse cammunity
impacis are anticipated with this project; thus, impacts to minority and low income populations
do not appear to be disproportionately high or adverse. Benefits and burdens resulting from the
project are anticipated to be equitably distributed throughout the community.
• DSAs using the Red Corridor would eliminate a portion of the Greenfield South Business Park,
the foundation of Garner's local employment and tax base. By eliminating a substantial area of
land targeted for commercial and industrial development, the Red Corridor would conflict with
the town's objectives of promoting the expansion of the local tax base and expanding non-
residential uses.
• The project would provide opportunities for aesthetically pleasing views from the highway, but
could also detract from the existing views of rural areas from adjacent properties.
• DSAs using the Red Corridor would impact two park properties subject to Section 4(�
requirements: the White Deer Park planned expansion area and the planned Bryan Road Nature
Park. DSAs using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor would impact one planned park property
subject to Section 4(fl requirements: the planned Town of Holly Springs Sunset Oaks Park.
DSAs using the complete Brown Corridor would directly affect the Watershed Extension Loop
Trail in the Clemmons Educational State Forest; Section 4(� applicability to this resource will
be resolved prior to publication of the Complete 540 project's Final EIS. DSAs using the
Orange Corridor east of Holly Springs Road would impact the Middle Creek School Park, which
is eligible for protection under Section 4(�; however, the impact are not anticipated to adversely
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affect the activities, features, and attributes of this park. All DSAs would cross the Neuse River
Trail in the eastern project area, near Auburn Knightdale Road, but none are anticipated to
adversely affect the activities, features, and attributes of the trail.
• All of the DSAs would encroach on a church parcel near the western terminus of the project.
DSAs using the Red Corridor would also encroach on a second church parcel, on Auburn-
Knightdale Road.
• The Orange Corridor would encroach on property at Wake Technical Community College but
would noi directly impact any buildings on the property. No other educational facilities would
be directly impacted by any of the DSAs.
• No community centers, libraries, medical facilities or public safety facilities would be directly
impacted by any of the DSAs.
• There are several 303(d)-listed streams in the Demographic Study Area. These include portions
of Swift Creek, Middle Creek, Terrible Creek, Little Creek, Beddingfield Creek, and the Neuse
River. While all of the DSAs cross Swift Creek; the Red Corridor also crosses a 303(d)-listed
upstream tributary to Swift Creek. All of the DSAs cross Middle Creek near the western project
terminus, while only those using the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor cross Middle Creek a second
time. DSAs using the Purple-Blue Lilac Corridor also cross a 303(d)-listed portion of Terrible
Creek. The Brown Corridar crosses 303(d)-listed portions of Little Creek and Beddingfield
Creek. The Green, Mint Green, and Tan Corridors cross 303(d)-listed portions of the Neuse
River. There is also one water supply watershed, the Swift Creek Crirical Watershed. The Red
Corridor crosses the Swift Creek Critical Watershed.
• All of the DSAs have the potential to affect the Swift Creek Aquatic Habitat Natural Heritage
Program (NHP) Natural Area. The DSAs that include the Purple-Blue-Lilac Corridor also have
the potential to affect the Middle Creek Aquatic Habitat, Middle Creek Bluffs and Floodplain,
and Blue Pond Salamander Site NHP Natural Areas.
• Temporary impacts associated with construction and operation of the proposed project are
anticipated for adjacent neighborhoods and businesses. These effects may include changes in
traffic patierns to community services/facilities through temporary detours, changes to access
points, and increases in noise. They may also include changes in access for emergency vehicles,
public services, and school buses.
7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
This section includes suggestions for minimizing or mitigating impacts, and measures that could become
part of project commitrnents. Specific project activities and features will be further evaluated in later
design phases for the Preferred Alternative. The implementation of recommendations is at the discretion
of NCDOT, in consultation with FHWA.
Once a Preferred Alternative is selected, NCDOT should consider additional mitigation
measures for community impacts, based on the final designs and comments from affected
communities. Mitigation options for lessening neighborhood impacts were incorporated into
the functional engineering designs, where practicable.
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• The aesthetic quality of the proposed project areas could be enhanced by the following
measures, which can be considered during final design:
L Implementation of a roadside landscaping plan
2. Structural design (such as drainage structures and bridges) consideration to enhance
visual appearance
3. Bifurcated roadways (opposing lanes on roadways on different grades) to blend better
with existing topographical features
4. Natural earth berms for mitigation of noise and visual impacts where space permits
• If the Preferred Alternative uses the Green, Mint Green, or Tan Corridors, NCDOT should begin
coordination with the City of Raleigh and Wake County to determine ways to mitigate impacts
to the Randleigh Farm property.
• NCDOT should coordinate with local jurisdictions to discuss accommodations for sidewalks,
bike lanes, and pedestrian crossings where appropriate and feasible, particularly at proposed
interchange locations and approaches along y-lines.
• All DSAs would temporarily impact school bus routes during construction and result in
modifications of existing routes or require new bus routes. NCDOT should coordinate with
Wake and Johnston County schools to identify ways to minimize disruptions to school bus
routes once a Preferred Alternative is identifed.
• NCDOT should consult with public safety departments to ensure response times are maintained
during project construction
• To avoid disruptions in utility service and delivery, NCDOT should coordinate any required
relocation of utility lines with the utility providers, prior to construction.
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8 REFERENCES
Capital Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (CAMPO). 20ll. 2012-2018 Metropolitan
Transportation Improvement Program.
CAMPO and Durham-Chapel Hill-Carrboro Metropolitan Planning Organization. 2009. Joint 2035
Long Range Transportation Plan.
GoRaleigh. 2015. Bus routes and schedules. March 31, 2015 from
http://www.raleighnc. gov/services/content/P WksTransit/Articles/B usRoutes.html.
Cary Economic Development. 2015. Business life. Retrieved March 31, 2015 from
http://caryeconomicdevelopment.com/business-climate.
City of Raleigh. 2009. Raleigh 2030 Comprehensive Plan. Retrieved March 31, 2015 from
http://www. raleighnc.gov/business/content/P1anLongRange/Articles/203 OComprehensivePlan.html.
City of Raleigh. 2014. Parks, Recreation and Cultural Resources System Plan. Retrieved March 31,
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Community Impact Assessment 63
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

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Community Impact Assessment 64
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

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Community Impact Assessment 65
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

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Community Impact Assessment 66
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

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Community Impact Assessment 67
STIP Project Nos. R-2721, R-2728, and R-2729 — June 2015

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(ENGLISH) :� � \ � ' �+ ' _ �` ��V,;; .
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`'� Figure 18D Neuse River Trail

APPENDICES

Appendix A
Triangle Expressway — Southeast Extension
Local Government Interviews
Name/Title Re resentin Time Other Name/Title
Januar 29, 2010
Gina Clapp, Planning Holly Springs 10:00 a.m. Heather Keefer, Elizabeth Goodson, and Stephanie
Director Sudano (Town Engineering Dept.)
Jenny Mizelle (Town Econ. Dev. Dept.)
Dick Sears (Town Mayor)
Kendra Parish (Town Planning Dept.)
Len Bradley (Town Parks & Rec. Dept.)
Februar 1,2010
Chris Hills, Planning Knightdale 4:00 p.m. Terry Gleason (Town Council)
Director Russel1 Killen (Town Mayar)
Fred Boone (Town Engineer)
Seth Lawless and Jennifer Currin (Plannin = De t.)
Februar 3, 2010
Berry Gray, Planning Johnston 2:30 p.in.
Director Count
Februar 10,2010
Dianne Khin, Planning Apex 3:00 p.m. Reed Hugerich (Transportation Planner)
Director Russell Dalton (Transportation Engineer)
Michael Dean (Planner)
Februar 11, 2010
Brad Bass, Planning Garner 3:00 p.m.
Director
Februar 16,2010
Michael Sorenson, Fuquay-Varina 9:30 a.m. Andy Hedrick (Town Manager)
Planning Director
Februar 18,2010
Mitchell Silver, Raleigh l l:00 a.m. Eric Lamb (Public Works Manager)
Planning Director Ken Bowers and Karen Duke (Planning Dept.)
Julian Prosser (Asst. City Manager)
Robert Hinson and Robert Massengill (Public Urilities
Dept.)
Victor Lesbock (Parks and Rec. Dept.)
Februar 23,2010
Jeff Ulma, Planning Cary 2:00 p.in. Ricky Barker, Phillip Smith, and Wayne Nicholas
Director (Planning Dept.)
Kristen Dwiggins and Lori Cover (Engineering Dept.)
Februar 25, 2010
Tim Gardiner, Long Wake County 9:00 a.m. Larry Morgan and Lynn Patrie (Planning Dept.)
Range Transportation Ti�n Maloney (Interim PDI Director)
Planner Mark Edmonson (Real Estate Pro'ect Mana er)
Februar 26,2010
Skip Browder, Clayton 10:00 a.m.
Plannin Director

2010 Local Government Interview Questions
Specific questions were tailored to the interview participant to encourage participants to share points
of view. Example questions included:
:�
0
9.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Are there any additional plans, policies, etc., that are relevant to our project?
Ask for a summary of current development trends, patterns, etc. Are there any proposed majar
development projects?
Ask for a summary of the community/organization's vision.
Does this project support local goals, objectives and policies? Is the project a specific component
of any local plans (e.g., is it a part of an economic development plan).
What are the current faciors influencing development in the community?
What are the major employers in the community; do residents generally wark within the
community or commute to jobs elsewhere?
What (recent) past projects (development, transportation, etc.) have had a major impact on the
community?
What are the key elements of the community's history?
What are the jurisdictions' annexation plans (where applicable)?
What new schools are being planned or proposed?
What are the pedestrian and bike needs/plans in the project study area?
Is public transportation available in the area? How much is it used? Who uses it?
What local transportation projects are planned? Whai is the status of those plans?
What are the majar transportation routes through the area? What are the characteristics of traffic
on those routes?
What are the key truck/freight movement routes?
Verify the locations of rail lines/facilities.
Are there any cohesive Limited English Proficiency communities in the area? If so, could they
recommend any community contacts?
Verify demographic data we've collected; ask for any more current data available.
Are there any seniar facilities in the area?
What are the most important community landmarks? Community gathering places?
What are the most significant community boundaries/barriers?
Are there working agricultural operations, agricultural conservation districts, or agricultural
preservation policies?
Are there organized community groups who should be involved in the project?
What are the general community feelings about the project?
What are the area's key crime statistics, trends, etc.
Are there any proposed recreation facilities?
Are there any redevelopment plans in the area?
What are the plans for future water/sewer service extension?
What are the key considerations for EMS services?
What input would the jurisdiction like to provide into the study process?
What is the best way to maintain contact with the jurisdiction to receive regular updates on
development projects, socioeconomic trends, etc.

APPENDIX 6
Detailed Population Characteristics Tables

Table 4. Population by Race and Ethnicity (2010)
Race Hispanic or Latino
Ethnicity* Total
Black or American Native Not Minority
Jurisdiction Total yyhite African Indian or Asian Hawaiian Hispanic Hispanic Population"
Population American Alaskan or Pacific or Latino or Latino
Native Islander
North Carolina 9 535 483 6,528,950 2,048,628 122,110 208,962 6,604 800,120 8,735,363 3,311,488
' ' 68.5% 21.5% 1.3% 2.2% 0.1 % 8.4% 91.6% 34.7%
Wake County 900 933 597,546 186,510 4,503 48,553 387 87,922 813,011 340,457
' 66.3% 20.7% 0.5% 5.4% <0.1 % 9.8% 90.2% 37.8%
Raleigh 403,892 232,3�77 118,4�71 1,963 17,43 4 1�73 46,045 357,847 188,688
(57.5 /o) (29.3 /o) (0.5 /o) (4.3 /o) (<0.1 /o) (11.4 /o) (88.6 /o) (46.7 /o)
98,907 10,787 559 17,668 46 10,364 124,870 42,032
Cary 135,234 73.1 % 8.0% 0.4% 13.1 % <0.1 % 7.7% 92.3% 31.1 %
Apex 37,476 29,796 2,862 106 2,652 31 2,665 34,811 9,011
(79.5%) (7.6%) (0.3%) (7.1 %) (0.1 %) (7.0%) (93.0%) (24.0%)
Garner 25 745 14,888 8,468 140 474 12 2,561 23,184 11,956
' 57.8%) 32.9%) 0.5%) (1.8%) <0.1 %) 9.9%) (90.1 %) 46.4%
Holly Springs 24 661 '19,674 3,101 103 724 13 1,544 23,117 5,958
' 79.8% 12.6% 0.4% 2.9% 0.1 % 6.3% 93.7% 24.2%
Fuquay-Varina 17 937 12,967 3,527 110 361 5 1,738 16,199 6,017
' (72.3% 19.7% 0.6%) (2.0%) <0.1 % 9.7%) 90.3% 33.5%
Knightdale 11401 5,698 4,368 66 193 6 1,299 10,102 6,166
' 50.0% 38.3% 0.6% 1.7% <0.1 % (11.4% 88.6% 54.1 %
37-183-52801-1 1,371 950 329 7 33 5 71 1,300 465
69.3% 24.0% 0.5% 2.4% 0.4% 5.2% 94.8% 33.9%
37-183-52801-2 1,334 955 316 2 16 0 72 1,262 422
71.6%) (23.7% (0.1 % 1.2%) (0.0% (5.4%) (94.6%) (31.6%)
37-183-52801-3 1,825 1,331 373 6 22 0 104 1,721 546
72.9% 20.4% 0.3% 1.2% 0.0% 5.7% 94.3% 29.9%
37-183-52801-4 621 472 95 2 4 0 58 563 170
76.0%) 15.3%) 0.3% (0.6% 0.0% 9.3% (90.7% 27.4%
37-183-52802-3 1,591 989 408 5 6 0 321 1,270 752
62.2% 25.6% 0.3% 0.4% 0.0% 20.2% 79.8% 47.3%
37-183-52802-4 1,296 898 284 4 9 0 114 1,182 436
69.3% 21.9% 0.3% 0.7% 0.0% 8.8% 91.2% 33.6%
37-183-52803-2 1,841 554 1,111 12 13 0 169 1,672 1,340
(30.1 %) (60.3%) (0.7% (0.7%) 0.0%) (9.2% (90.8%) (72.8%)
37-183-52806-4 6,970 1,654 4,460 27 121 5 1,070 5,900 5,681
23.7% 64.0% 0.4% 1.7% 0.1 % 15.4% 84.6% 81.5%
37-183-52807-1 1,539 1,057 338 6 28 0 141 1,398 538
68.7% 22.0% 0.4%) (1.8% 0.0% 9.2% 90.8% 35.0%
37-183-52807-2 2,g4g 1,028 1,485 20 26 6 397 2,452 1,960
36.1 % 52.1 % 0.7% 0.9% 02% 13.9% 86.1 % 68.8%
37-183-52808-1 1,699 1,059 552 4 9 0 84 1,615 667
62.3% 32.5% 0.2% 0.5% 0.0% 4.9% 95.1 % 39.3%
37-183-52808-2 2,g2� 1,434 950 28 51 3 284 2,343 1,333
54.6% 362% 1.1 % 1.9% 0.1 % 10.8% 89.2% 50.7%
37-183-52808-3 2,pgg 1,448 559 4 19 0 132 1,967 705
69.0%) 26.6% 0.2% (0.9% 0.0% (6.3%) 93.7% 33.6%)
37-183-52808-4 2,721 1,719 726 33 90 0 263 2,458 1,146
63.2% 26.7% 1.2% 3.3% 0.0% 9.7% 90.3% 42.1 %
37-183-52809-1 1,168 694 335 16 11 0 191 977 552
59.4 28.7%) 1.4% (0.9%) 0.0%) 16.4% 83.6% 47.3%)
37-183-52809-2 1,426 900 305 7 15 0 219 1,207 570
63.1 % 21.4% 0.5% 1.1 % 0.0% 15.4% 84.6% 40.0%
37-183-52902-1 3,270 2,�35 307 7 30 0 249 3,021 631
83.6% 9.4% (0.2% 0.9% 0.0% 7.6% 92.4% 19.3%

Table 4. Population by Race and Ethnicity (2010)
Race Hispanic or Latino
Ethnicity* Total
Black or American Native Not Minority
Jurisdiction Total yyhite African Indian or Asian Hawaiian Hispanic Hispanic Population"
Population American Alaskan or Pacific or Latino or Latino
Native Islander
37-183-52902-2 2,23g 1,799 289 13 27 2 168 2,070 541
80.4% 12.9% 0.6% 1.2% 0.1 % 7.5% 92.5% 24.2%
37-183-52903-1 2,914 2,266 464 14 26 2 161 2,753 691
77.8% 15.9% 0.5% 0.9% 0.1 % 5.5% 94.5% 23.7%
37-183-52904-1 2,853 2,249 375 11 22 6 261 2,592 704
78.8%) 13.1 % 0.4% 0.8%) 0.2% (9.1 %) 90.9%) (24.7%)
37-183-52904-2 2,658 2,173 314 26 12 0 200 2,458 590
81.8% 11.8% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 7.5% 92.5% 22.2%
37-183-52904-3 1,749 1,429 198 5 5 6 79 1,670 360
(81.7%) (11.3%) (0.3%) (0.3%) (0.3%) (4.5%) (95.5%) (20.6%)
37-183-53006-1 3,143 2,948 58 11 56 0 113 3,030 271
93.8% 1.8% 0.3% 1.8% 0.0% 3.6% 96.4% 8.6%
37-183-53008-4 785 698 32 7 20 0 17 768 91
88.9% 4.1 % 0.9% 2.5% 0.0% 2.2% 97.8% 11.6%
37-183-53009-2 3,847 2,586 379 189 127 12 1,184 2,663 1,752
672% 9.9% 4.9% 3.3% 0.3% 30.8% 69.2% 45.5%
37-183-53009-3 953 799 8� 22 3 0 65 888 175
83.8% 9.1 % 2.3% 0.3% 0.0% 6.8% 93.2% 18.4%
37-183-53009-4 1,171 �27 76 8 2 2 500 671 585
62.1 % 6.5% 0.7% 0.2% 0.2% 42.7% 57.3% 50.0%
37-183-53109-1 5,750 4,900 451 10 78 9 426 5,324 1,045
85.2%) (7.8% (0.2% 1.4%) (0.2% (7.4%) (92.6%) (18.2%)
37-183-53110-1 2,2pg 1,639 391 20 33 0 174 2,034 649
74.2% 17.7% 0.9% 1.5% 0.0% 7.9% 92.1 % 29.4%
37-183-53110-2 1,801 1,393 234 8 3 0 233 1,568 521
77.3%) 13.0%) 0.4% (0.2% 0.0% 12.9% (87.1 % 28.9%
37-183-53110-3 1,514 1,293 124 4 5 1 142 1,372 294
85.4% 8.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1 % 2.5% 97.5% 19.4%
37-183-53111-1 1,373 1,131 156 11 10 0 133 1,240 324
82.4% 11.4% 0.8% 0.7% 0.0% 9.7% 90.3% 23.6%
37-183-53111-2 1,986 1,601 249 12 13 3 144 1,842 445
(80.6%) (12.5%) (0.6% (0.7%) 0.2%) (7.3%) (92.7%) (22.4%)
37-183-53111-3 1,953 1,320 339 19 35 2 397 1,556 808
67.6% 17.4% 1.0% 1.8% 0.1 % 20.3% 79.7% 41.4%
37-183-53201-1 5,910 5,177 375 20 127 0 331 5,579 937
87.6% 6.3% 0.3%) (2.1 % 0.0% 5.6% 94.4% 15.9%
37-183-53201-2 4,467 3,845 286 9 164 10 232 4,235 776
86.1 % 6.4% 02% 3.7% 02% 5.2% 94.8% 17.4%
37-183-53202-1 2,266 2,120 90 1 26 0 86 2,180 220
93.6% 4.0% 0.0% 1.1 % 0.0% 3.8% 96.2% 9.7%
37-183-53202-2 1,968 1,774 125 2 15 3 76 1,892 244
90.1 % 6.4% 0.1 % 0.8% 0.2% 3.9% 96.1 % 12.4%
37-183-53203-1 2,961 2,064 532 24 15 8 206 2,755 996
69.7%) 18.0% 0.8% 5.2% 0.3% (7.0%) 93.0% (33.6%)
37-183-53203-2 3,775 3,158 301 19 177 4 174 3,601 754
83.7% 8.0% 0.5% 4.7% 0.1 % 4.6% 95.4% 20.0%
37-183-53420-1 1,954 1,374 423 20 38 6 153 1,801 660
(70.3% 21.6%) 1.0% (1.9%) 0.3%) 7.8%) 92.2% 33.8%)
37-183-53420-2 4,064 2,460 942 25 251 11 528 3,536 1,800
60.5% 23.2% 0.6% 6.2% 0.3% 13.0% 87.0% 44.3%
37-183-53421-1 4,946 3,827 561 15 350 0 363 4,583 1,345
77.4% 11.3% (0.3% 7.1 % 0.0% 7.3% 92.7% 27.2%

Table 4. Population by Race and Ethnicity (2010)
Race Hispanic or Latino
Ethnicity* Total
Black or American Native Not Minority
Jurisdiction Total yyhite African Indian or Asian Hawaiian Hispanic Hispanic Population"
Population American Alaskan or Pacific or Latino or Latino
Native Islander
37-183-54109-2 1,618 1,091 356 17 12 0 201 1,417 599
67.4% 22.0% 1.1 % 0.7% 0.0% 12.4% 87.6% 37.0%
37-183-54114-2 2,403 1,005 612 27 7 4 1,023 1,380 1,683
41.8% 25.5% 1.1 % 0.3% 02% 42.6% 57.4% 70.0%
37-183-54115-3 1,932 965 761 6 36 1 226 1,706 1,063
49.9%) 39.4% 0.3% 1.9%) 0.1% (11.7%) 88.3%) (55.0%)
37-183-54115-4 1,654 1,066 361 3 5 1 319 1,335 703
64.4% 21.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.1 % 19.3% 80.7% 42.5%
Johnston 125 349 25,546 939 1,021 51 21,841 147,037 51,009
County 168,878 (74�2%) (15.1%) (0.6%) (0.6%) (<0.1%) (12.9%) (87.1%) (30.2%)
Clayton 16116 11,195 3,507 65 224 2 1,725 14,391 5,686
' 69.5%) (21.2%) 0.4%) 1.4%) <0.1 %) 10.7% 89.3%) (35.3%)
37-101-41002-1 2,632 2,084 414 8 33 0 141 2,491 629
79.2% 15.7% 0.3% 0.3% 0.0% 5.4% 94.6% 23.9%
37-101-41002-2 1,743 1,219 345 5 12 0 184 1,559 561
69.9% 19.8% 0.3% 0.7% 0.0% 10.6% (89.4%) 322%
37-101-41002-3 3,117 2,491 366 4 23 0 321 2,796 748
79.9% 11.7% 0.1 % 0.7% 0.0% 10.3% (89.7%) 24.0%
37-101-41102-1 4,186 3,432 386 36 38 4 331 3,855 880
82.0% 9.2% 0.9% 0.9% 0.1 % 7.9% (92.1 %) 21.0%
37-101-41102-2 2,690 2,261 343 13 10 5 101 2,589 507
84.1 % 12.8% 0.5% (0.4%) 02% 3.8% (96.2%) 18.9%
37-101-41102-3 2,761 2,121 445 8 48 0 223 2,538 757
76.8% 16.1 % 0.3% 1.7% 0.0% 8.1 % (91.9%) 27.4%
Total 94 362 25,173 842 2,506 121 13,555 118,635 43,622
Demographic 132,190 (71 �4%) (19.0%) (0.6%) (1.9%) (0.1%) (10.4%) (89.6%) (33.0%)
Stud Area
'Hispanic or Latino of any race(s).
�Total population minus non-Hispanic white population.
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table P8. - RACE and Table P9. - HISPANIC OR
LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE
Table 5. Population by Age Group and Median Age (2010)
Area or Census Percent <_20 Percent
Tract and Block Total Population Years >_69 Years Median Age
Group
North Carolina 9,535,483 26.8 8.7 38.7
Wake Count 900,933 28.8 5.5 35.3
Ralei h 403,892 26.9 5.6 32.8
Ca 135,234 29.5 5.6 37.3
Apex 37,476 34.7 3.7 35.3
Garner 25,745 26.5 82 38.6
Holl Sprin s 24,661 36.8 2.7 33.4
Fuqua -Varina 17,937 31.9 7.7 35.4
Knightdale 11,401 31.7 4.1 33.7
37-183-52801-1 1,371 16.8 6.6 40.0
37-183-52801-2 1,334 27.9 8.1 44.1
37-183-52801-3 1,825 25.3 8.9 43.6
37-183-52801-4 621 23.2 18.4 48.9
37-183-52802-3 1,591 20.6 8 40.3

Table 5. Population by Age Group and Median Age (2010)
Area or Census Percent <_20 Percent
Tract and Block Total Population Years >_69 Years Median Age
Group
37-183-52802-4 1,296 25.6 10.3 43.7
37-183-52803-2 1,841 242 7.7 37.1
37-183-52806-4 6,970 30.1 2 31.4
37-183-52807-1 1,539 36.7 6.2 37.1
37-183-52807-2 2,849 25.9 4.6 33.9
37-183-52808-1 1,699 31.6 13.5 42.1
37-183-52808-2 2,627 20.4 5.5 38.1
37-183-52808-3 2,099 28.2 8.3 44.5
37-183-52808-4 2,721 26.7 4.4 31.7
37-183-52809-1 1,168 25.2 4.5 32.6
37-183-52809-2 1,426 32.7 6.5 39.0
37-183-52902-1 3,270 27.2 5.1 38.3
37-183-52902-2 2,238 29.0 6.2 41.9
37-183-52903-1 2,914 28.4 5.4 41.9
37-183-52904-1 2,853 28.8 4.4 37.9
37-183-52904-2 2,658 26.8 3.4 37.4
37-183-52904-3 1,749 32.1 4.2 40.8
37-183-53006-1 3,143 27.8 4.9 43.9
37-183-53008-4 785 30.8 4.7 47.1
37-183-53009-2 3,847 23.2 3.2 33.0
37-183-53009-3 953 332 16.1 49.8
37-183-53009-4 1,171 19.4 4.6 32.3
37-183-53109-1 5,750 33.9 7.6 33.2
37-183-53110-1 2,208 29.3 4.9 37.6
37-183-53110-2 1,801 29.2 4.7 37.8
37-183-53100-3 1,514 34.5 3.2 34.5
37-183-53111-1 1,373 29.0 3.6 37.0
37-183-53111-2 1,986 29.5 4.7 41.9
37-183-53111-3 1,953 27.6 3.7 32.1
37-183-53201-1 5,910 32.4 2.4 35.0
37-183-53201-2 4,467 38.0 3.7 37.4
37-183-53202-1 2,266 34.4 3.3 40.2
37-183-53202-2 1,968 35.1 3.7 44.1
37-183-53203-1 2,961 32.0 2.5 31.9
37-183-53203-2 3,775 34.9 1.8 33.0
37-183-53420-1 1,954 39.8 3.2 33.9
37-183-53420-2 4,064 36.4 2.2 31.5
37-183-53421-1 4,946 34.0 3.8 36.3
37-183-54109-2 1,618 31.9 5.8 40.0
37-183-54114-2 2,403 26.7 3.1 30.4
37-183-54115-3 1,932 34.0 2.1 31.8
37-183-54115-4 1,654 34.1 6.5 39.1
Johnston Count 168,878 30.2 6.5 37.4
Cla ton 16,116 32.9 5.8 34.9
37-101-41002-1 2,632 27.8 4.2 34.8
37-101-41002-2 1,743 25.2 10.3 41.4
37-101-41002-3 3,117 28.4 6.5 40.7
37-101-41102-1 4,186 33.0 4.5 37.5
37-101-41102-2 2,690 30.9 4.1 38.6
37-101-41102-3 2,761 31.5 4.2 35.1
Total Demographic 132,190 31.1 4.7 36.5
Stud Area
Source: U5 Census Bureau (2010) 5ummary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table P12. - SEX BY AGE

Table 6. Median Household Income
Block Group or Total Median Block Group or Total Median
Jurisdiction Households Household �urisdiction Households Household
Income Income
North Carolina 3,715,565 46,334 371830530092 1,269 80,215
Wake Count 348,627 66,006 371830530093 361 81,597
Raleigh 162,573 54,448 371830530094 415 27,039
Cary 52,340 90,250 371830531091 2,001 87,371
Apex 13,427 89,475 371830531101 838 75,066
Garner 10,581 60,842 371830531102 517 59,455
Holly Springs 8,621 89,644 371830531103 558 57,813
Fuqua -Varina 7,110 58,588 371830531111 469 62,942
Knightdale 3,754 72,285 371830531112 770 62,383
371830528011 565 89,526 371830531113 698 36,932
371830528012 533 64,489 371830532011 2,075 105,746
371830528013 795 60,488 371830532012 1,404 88,524
371830528014 373 70,734 371830532021 840 136,689
371830528023 577 64,837 371830532022 714 108,913
371830528024 563 74,250 371830532031 1304 66,558
371830528032 775 61,128 371830532032 1,160 86,210
371830528064 2,287 57,512 371830534201 503 82,802
371830528071 770 52,250 371830534202 1,430 67,500
371830528072 908 49,292 371830534211 1,744 90,903
371830528081 651 56,595 371830541092 496 47,976
371830528082 1371 46,958 271830541142 691 64,583
371830528083 714 98,750 371830541153 474 88,387
371830528084 1122 55,455 371830541154 604 63,542
371830528091 g37 83,021 Johnston County 60,759 49,711
371830528092 523 42,157 Clayton 6,335 57,456
371830529021 1,182 61, 032 371010410021 1,284 60, 526
371830529022 796 79,643 371010410022 595 25,568
371830529031 1,142 86,364 371010410023 1,212 72,500
371830529041 970 84,000 371010411021 1,508 55,550
371830529042 1049 58,750 371010411022 818 100,664
371830529043 656 65,818 371010411023 1,191 75,647
371830530061 1,088 107,043 Total Demographic 48,263 73,562
371830530084 401 99,688 Study Area
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table B19001. - HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE
PAST 12 MONTHS

Table 7. Poverty Status
Total Individuals Individuals Individuals
Population with Percent of With Percent of With Percent of
Individuals Individuals Individuals
Census TraCt for Whom Income Income in Income in
or Jurisdiction Poverty Below Below „Ve1„y in "Very ��Near in "Near
Status is Poverty Poverty Poor„ Poor" poor" Poor" #
Determined Level Level Cate ory* Category Catego Category
North Carolina 9,396,989 1,643,389 17.5 723,387 7.7 1,018,830 10.8
Wake County 906,662 99,679 11.0 46,515 5.1 73,302 8.1
Raleigh 394,492 64,072 16.2 30,450 7.7 40,311 10.2
Ca 140,641 8,663 6.2 3,544 2.5 6,708 4.8
Apex 39,042 965 2.5 411 1.0 1,922 3.5
Garner 25,966 2,235 8.3 1,226 4.7 1,800 6.9
Holly Springs 25,977 798 3.1 121 0.5 727 2.8
Fuquay-Varina 19,009 1,949 9.3 728 3.8 2,120 11.1
Kni htdale 10,420 532 5.1 434 3.6 703 5.9
37-183-52801 6,378 199 3.1 145 2.3 320 5.0
37-183-52802 6,030 754 12.5 567 9.4 363 6.0
37-183-52803 9,565 1,976 20.7 444 4.6 443 4.6
37-183-52806 15,102 1,917 12.7 1,149 7.6 2,268 15.0
37-183-52807 4,480 509 11.4 346 7.7 655 14.6
37-183-52808 9,248 788 8.5 255 2.8 910 9.8
37-183-52809 3,248 264 8.1 200 6.2 322 9.9
37-183-52902 5,430 358 6.6 224 4.1 694 12.8
37-183-52903 3,187 190 6.0 81 2.5 198 6.2
37-183-52904 7,414 269 3.6 226 3.0 450 6.1
37-183-53006 3,066 38 1.2 15 0.5 99 3.2
37-183-53008 8,421 1,068 12.7 685 8.1 1,011 12.0
37-183-53009 7,693 1,960 25.5 1,092 142 1,065 13.8
37-183-53110 5,738 286 5.0 75 1.3 955 16.6
37-183-53111 5,078 891 17.5 164 3.2 297 5.8
37-183-53201 10,928 578 5.3 160 1.5 786 7.2
37-183-53202 5,030 139 2.8 31 0.6 146 2.9
37-183-53203 7,473 434 5.8 0 0.0 410 5.5
37-183-53420 5,266 456 8.7 310 5.9 839 15.9
37-183-53421 5,010 252 5.0 56 1.1 303 6.0
37-183-54109 3,344 354 10.6 192 5.7 171 5.1
37-183-54114 4,675 560 12.0 501 10.7 769 16.4
37-183-54115 8,160 592 7.3 158 1.9 397 4.9
Johnston 170,329 29,264 17.2 12,084 7.1 18,513 10.9
Count
Cla ton 16,536 2,053 11.0 729 4.4 819 4.9
37-101-41002 7,491 907 12.1 286 3.8 397 5.3
37-101-41102 10,213 765 7.5 276 2.7 947 9.3
Total
Demographic 167,668 16,504 9.8 7,638 4.6 15,215 9.1
Stud Area
`Income less than or equal to 50 percent of poverty level.
�Income between poverty level and 150 percent of poverty level.
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table B17001. - POVERTY STATUS IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
BY SEX BY AGE; Table C17002. - RATIO OF INCOME TO POVERTY LEVEL IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS.

Table 8. Means of Transportation to Work
Block Group or Percent Who Percent Who Percent Who percent
JurisdiCtion Drove Alone Carpooled Took Public Walking/Biking/Other
Transportation
North Carolina 81.1 10.4 1.1 7.4
Wake Count 80.1 9.5 2.1 9.1
Raleigh 79.3 10.0 2.1 8.8
Ca 80.2 8.4 0.6 10.8
Apex 80.5 9.4 0.6 9.6
Garner 81.5 9.1 0.3 9.0
Holly Springs 79.9 8.6 0.2 11,4
Fuqua -Varina 78.9 11.5 0.0 9.6
Kni htdale 80.9 12.2 0.0 6.9
37-183-52801-1 90.1 5.4 0.0 4.5
37-183-52801-2 96.0 2.0 0.0 2.0
37-183-52801-3 83.1 6.6 0.0 10.3
37-183-52801-4 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
37-183-52802-3 72.6 17.0 0.0 10.5
37-183-52802-4 80.3 7.9 0.0 11.7
37-183-52803-2 79.7 12.2 0.0 8.1
37-183-52806-4 75.9 19.3 1.1 3.6
37-183-52807-1 95.9 1.1 0.0 3.0
37-183-52807-2 75.4 20.9 0.0 3.7
37-183-52808-1 72.7 22.1 0.0 5.1
37-183-52808-2 79.4 10.5 0.0 10.1
37-183-52808-3 88.2 3.8 0.0 8.1
37-183-52808-4 79.8 8.8 1.4 10.0
37-183-52809-1 87.5 9.8 1.8 0.9
37-183-52809-2 87.1 9.6 0.0 3.3
37-183-52902-1 87.1 7.9 0.0 5.0
37-183-52902-2 88.2 8.5 0.0 3.2
37-183-52903-1 88.9 8.4 0.0 2.7
37-183-52904-1 89.2 5.0 0.0 5.8
37-183-52904-2 78.6 6.0 0.0 15.4
37-183-52904-3 80.2 8.1 0.0 11.7
37-183-53006-1 69.8 9.4 0.0 20.8
37-183-53008-4 73.2 6.1 0.0 20.8
37-183-53009-2 72.1 22.5 0.0 5.4
37-183-53009-3 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
37-183-53009-4 78.8 17.7 0.0 3.5
37-183-53109-1 80.8 9.2 0.0 10.0
37-183-53110-1 87.2 8.9 0.2 3.6
37-183-53110-2 83.7 6.3 0.0 9.9
37-183-53110-3 70.3 17.8 0.0 12.0
37-183-53111-1 78.7 13.6 0.0 7.7
37-183-53111-2 90.3 3.6 0.0 6.1
37-183-53111-3 87.4 8.7 0.0 3.8
37-183-53201-1 72.7 9.6 0.0 17.7
37-183-53201-2 76.3 8.7 0.0 15.0
37-183-53202-1 77.5 7.1 0.0 15.4
37-183-53202-2 81.5 9.5 0.0 9.1
37-183-53203-1 87.2 8.5 0.0 4.2
37-183-53203-2 76.0 8.9 0.0 15.0
37-183-53420-1 67.0 9.9 3.3 19.8
37-183-53420-2 92.1 5.7 0.7 1.6
37-183-53421-1 86.2 4.0 0.0 9.8
37-183-54109-2 82.2 7.4 0.0 10.4
37-183-54114-2 77.0 15.5 0.0 7.4

Table 8. Means of Transportation to Work
Block Group or Percent Who Percent Who Percent Who percent
JurisdiCtion Drove Alone Carpooled Took Public Walking/Biking/Other
Transportation
37-183-54115-3 75.8 23.9 0.0 0.2
37-183-54115-4 94.8 5.2 0.0 7.4
Johnston County 82.8 11.1 0.2 5.9
Cla ton 82.4 15.4 0.0 2.2
37-101-41002-1 84.4 11.5 0.0 4.1
37-101-41002-2 94.1 0.0 0.0 5.9
37-101-41002-3 89.0 7.7 0.0 3.4
37-101-41102-1 84.3 9.9 0.0 5.8
37-101-41102-2 94.0 3.5 0.0 2.5
37-101-41102-3 89.1 9.6 0.0 1.3
Total Demographic 82.3 9.6 0.2 7.9
Stud Area
Source: US Gensus f3ureau ZUUy-"LU13 Hmencan Gommunity Survey I able tiUt33U1. - MtANS UF I KHNSF'UK I I U
WORK
Table 10. Housin Characteristics 2010
Renter- Median value
Block Group or occupied Vacant Housing owner-occupied
Jurisdiction housing units Units (percent) units ($)
ercent
North Carolina 33.3 13.5 153,600
Wake Count 34.9 7.0 229,000
Ralei h 46.5 7.5 207,000
Cary 31.2 3.3 303,700
Apex 25.3 5.0 258,500
Garner 34.1 7.0 165,600
Holl Sprin s 12.6 5.9 236,300
Fuqua -Varina 26.8 8.6 191,500
Knightdale 32.0 10.5 168,800
37-183-52801-1 5.5 1.8 221,900
37-183-52801-2 16.5 4.6 174,700
37-183-52801-3 20.9 3.9 153,100
37-183-52801-4 14.3 7.6 115, 500
37-183-52802-3 24.3 7.6 145,400
37-183-52802-4 18.9 5.8 150,700
37-183-52803-2 45.6 11.5 182, 300
37-183-52806-4 12.7 4.8 163,300
37-183-52807-1 15.6 5.3 148,000
37-183-52807-2 25.6 10.4 145,100
37-183-52808-1 44.5 7.0 144,900
37-183-52808-2 27.4 8.2 155,900
37-183-52808-3 7.4 5.2 257,600
37-183-52808-4 57.5 6.3 159, 300
37-183-52809-1 19.2 6.3 127,800
37-183-52809-2 16.0 7.2 122,200
37-183-52902-1 10.6 5.0 182,000
37-183-52902-2 16.4 6.9 259,700
37-183-52903-1 7.2 5.2 216,000
37-183-52904-1 7.7 4.4 210,400
37-183-52904-2 9.0 4.9 210,600
37-183-52904-3 10.2 4.6 164,200
37-183-53006-1 3.4 3.4 357,600

Table 10. Housin Characteristics 2010
Renter- Median value
Block Group or occupied Vacant Housing owner-occupied
Jurisdiction housing units Units (percent) units ($)
ercent
37-183-53008-4 9.0 5.0 285,600
37-183-53009-2 11.6 6.4 245,900
37-183-53009-3 18.6 7.6 183,800
37-183-53009-4 36.7 9.3 117,700
37-183-53109-1 8.6 5.1 249,400
37-183-53110-1 12.8 5.4 156,800
37-183-53110-2 15.1 7.5 174,600
37-183-53110-3 12.8 5.2 154,500
37-183-53111-1 12.2 3.6 182,500
37-183-53111-2 14.2 4.7 197,500
37-183-53111-3 40.2 4.7 155,000
37-183-53201-1 4.8 4.0 324,400
37-183-53201-2 10.7 4.0 252,900
37-183-53202-1 2.9 6.1 358,600
37-183-53202-2 5.6 2.8 375,200
37-183-53203-1 21.3 5.1 172,400
37-183-53203-2 8.6 1.8 261,800
37-183-53420-1 11.5 5.4 213,200
37-183-53420-2 36.9 5.9 182,900
37-183-53421-1 27.2 4.2 309,100
37-183-54109-2 23.0 6.4 165,900
37-183-54114-2 29.0 13.7 140,400
37-183-54115-3 17.6 12.4 183,200
37-183-54115-4 23.7 10.2 157, 300
Johnston County 26.8 8.5 141,200
Cla ton 34.6 9.0 152,600
37-101-41002-1 41.5 6.8 147,400
37-101-41002-2 58.7 14.4 129,600
37-101-41002-3 17.4 9.1 176,900
37-101-41102-1 11.1 6.3 206,500
37-101-41102-2 15.3 2.2 210,400
37-101-41102-3 12.2 4.5 180,400
Total Demographic 18.7 6.0 206,077
Stud Area
Source: US Census Bureau (2010) Summary File 1 Total Population (100-Percent Data), Table H1 &
H3 - OCCUPIED STATUS; 2009-2013 American Community Survey Table B25077 - MEDIAN VALUE
OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS

APPENDIX C
ADULTS WHO SPEAK ENGLISH LESS THAN VERY WELL
Total Adult Primary Language Group of Adults Who Speak
Population En lish Less than Ve Well
Block Group or for Whom Total LEP
Jurisdiction Language Spanish Other Indo- Asian/Pacific Other
Data is European
Available
Total 5,695 354 404 461 6,914
Demographic 126,729 (4.5°/a) (0.3%) (0.3%) (0.4%) (5.5%)
Stud Area
37-101-41002-1 2�ggg 44 0 0 0 44
(1.5%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (1.5%)
37-101-41002-2 985 24 0 0 0 24
(2.4%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (2.4%)
37-101-41002-3 3,104 63 0 0 0 63
�Z.o°io� �o.o°ia� �o.o°io) (o.o°io) (2.o°io)
37-101-41102-1 4,032 492 0 0 0 607
12.2%) 0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (12.2%)
37-101-41102-2 2,237 0 0 0 0 15
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
37-101-41102-3 3,144 89 0 0 0 195
2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.2%
37-183-52801-1 1,522 38 0 0 0 38
(2.5%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (2.5%)
37-183-52801-2 1,284 0 22 0 0 22
0.0%) 1.7%) 0.0% 0.0% 1.7%)
37-183-52801-3 1,976 0 0 0 0 0
(0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%)
37-183-52801-4 914 0 0 0 0 0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
37-183-52802-3 1,499 191 0 0 0 191
(12.7°/a) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (12.7%)
37-183-52802-4 1,380 0 15 0 0 15
�o.o°io� (1.1°ia� �o.o°io> (o.o°io) (1.1°io)
37-183-52803-2 2,111 24 0 0 0 24
1.1 °/a 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4%
37-183-52806-4 6,239 426 0 96 16 538
(6.8%) (0.0%) (1.5%) (0.0%) (8.6%)
37-183-52807-1 1,653 6 0 0 0 6
�o.a°io> �o.o°io� �o.o°io) (o.o°io) (o.a°io)
37-183-52807-2 2,471 481 0 34 0 515
19.5% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 20.8%
37-183-52808-1 1,411 17 0 0 0 17
(1.2%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (1.2%)
37-183-52808-2 3,466 49 0 0 76 125
(1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.2% 3.6%
37-183-52808-3 1,668 23 0 0 0 23
1.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4%
37-183-52808-4 2�2�g 53 0 0 0 53
(2.4%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (2.4%)
37-183-52809-1 1,238 48 0 0 6 54
3.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 4.4%
37-183-52809-2 1,674 73 22 0 0 95
(4.4%) (1.3%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (5.7%)
37-183-52902-1 3,016 184 103 0 0 67
(6.1 %) (3.4%) (0.0%) (0.0% (2.2%)
37-183-52902-2 2,080 108 0 0 0 108
5.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.2%
37-183-52903-1 3,040 15 0 0 0 15
(0.5%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.5%)

37-183-52904-1 2,596 20 0 0 0 20
0.8%) 0.0% 0.0%) 0.0% 0.8%
37-183-52904-2 2,830 150 0 0 0 150
(5.3°/a (0.0%) (0.0%) 0.0% 5.3%)
37-183-52904-3 1,585 0 11 0 0 11
0.0°/a 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7%
37-183-53006-1 3,029 17 0 0 4 21
(0.6%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.1 %) (0.7%)
37-183-53008-4 951 0 0 0 0 0
0.0°/a 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
37-183-53009-2 3,325 606 25 51 0 682
(18.2°/a) (0.7%) (1.6%) (0.0%) (20.5%)
37-183-53009-3 733 0 0 0 0 0
(0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%)
37-183-53009-4 1,116 314 0 0 0 314
28.1 % 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 28.1 %
37-183-53109-1 5,649 124 12 0 0 136
2.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4%)
37-183-53110-1 2,542 64 0 0 8 72
(2.5%) 0.0%) (0.0%) (0.3%) (2.8%)
37-183-53110-2 1,424 6 0 0 0 6
0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.4%
37-183-53110-3 1,416 55 0 0 0 55
(3.9%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (3.9%)
37-183-53111-1 1,126 0 0 0 0 0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
37-183-53111-2 2,015 55 17 0 0 72
(2.7%) (0.8%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (3.6%)
37-183-53111-3 1,557 132 0 0 29 161
(8.5%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (1.9% (10.3%)
37-183-53201-1 6,388 72 102 29 0 203
1.1 % 1.6% 0.5% 0.0% 3.2%
37-183-53201-2 3,516 36 0 24 0 60
(1.0%) (0.0%) 0.7%) (0.0%) (1.7%)
37-183-53202-1 2,725 29 0 0 12 41
(1.1%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.4%) (1.5%)
37-183-53202-2 2,p72 0 0 0 0 0
0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
37-183-53203-1 3,216 55 15 0 227 297
(1.7% (0.5%) (0.0% (7.1 % (9.2%
37-183-53203-2 3,409 0 0 23 29 52
�o.o°io> �o.o°io� �o.7°io� �o.s°io) (1.5°io)
37-183-53420-1 1,211 13 0 0 0 13
1.1°/a 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1%
37-183-53420-2 3,530 362 0 0 0 362
(10.2%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (10.2%)
37-183-53421-1 4,606 95 15 101 0 211
2.1 % 0.3% 2.2% 0.0% 4.6%
37-183-54109-2 1,333 47 0 0 0 47
(3.5%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (3.5%)
37-183-54114-2 2,193 695 43 46 0 784
(31.7%) (2.0%) (2.1 %) (0.0% (35.8%)
37-183-54115-3 1,397 119 24 0 54 197
8.5%) 1.7% 0.0% 3.9% 14.1 %
37-183-54115-4 1,888 329 0 0 0 329
(17.4% (0.0%) (0.0%) (0.0%) (17.4%)
Johnston 159,865 10,240 203 137 99 10.679
Count 6.4°/a 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 6.7%
Wake County 863 927 35,131 6,714 10,092 3,060 54,997
' 4.1 % 0.8% 1.2% 0.4% 6.4%
Source: US Census Bureau 2009-2013 American Communfty Survey Table 816004. - LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME
BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH

APPENDIX D
Bicycle Routes Map

_ � _ _ _ _ _ DURHAM COUNTY _ s :;,
------ �--------- --- -------- �"-�
---- �`- -----
;� WAKE COUNTY
To Durham Z i � a
County Segment � � ..
of the American O � ��
�-
Tobacco Twil V� ni:co� a�dge �%
a , eieme��a�y K�� cr
(zoo9) ���������ekRtl
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2 i � �
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� V Q I '� /� 1
' W � PARK 1 \
, Q � �i►� ; �� Research Triangle
� y� �'�Y. ��
��, � ,.-�_: �
� Park
N B �� � ``�� O
O F� � i\ SO
a • `� . � � �
� . -��� �� 54 i_iinep
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.`_' O'Ke11Y Cha�>el Rd qs `\ �
Q 1 � �nqve � �� .
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f/ i � � _ f
e4� � 1 �-�" � .
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�� � �� Pkw' Goory `� ,\ i� \h♦ m
@ c� � Mc� mJ yO�'e �����1__,�i���� \`��\ Twin p
���-�� � i P��1 � � �'� I �� ����Lakes
� � I
Amberly� ��_��..-• � `�/►'� � `_��-� �'�.���--__� � �� ��i��
�akeaa i m � e�ie� F��eis�a��o� R� i ��s� +a Mo ��� ���.
� y o�e � � � Ca�P ir�►1 �.-O i r�►1 S'"'ii ca, �����
r
Poved � � � � �`,���_��� 1 �` `/�� Aeh�e Rn �1��
�eo«e���° r �� �� , � , ' Ra � � �
P �, „ �
'� r�►� CaryPnrk ��io �dek 1 4' �od�ao`N 1 �
k opN �,..I �r�^� Lake cencer 1 � � Carpenter. �
�n�,�� � . ��� n � - �-- --
Unpaved ��hR� � �•�(� � t � �/ 1 i Q .. ��.,Lake�_���1 �� �
fea�es-�sl� '.►.+� 1 Q \lA ��. ^ � �l % Co�
� 1 LY I Wackena Rd � .% � M�
{iARJ I 1 �6���� �` MiIlsPark 1 _�1� �°� Mlestern
"�s` �� � 1 Cary G\e Middle i 1 �� '�.I Wake
� � �zoo9) ` �'' � �Carpenter � Regional �- Morrsv'lle r
� 1 �� h� j �� �i�� �Elementary j Library -��� Elementary
/ / ' k � � �` \
, F' \
� (D
` � � Rid9z Ln L� �
'` � Lanlcrn � MiIlsPark X� `I 1 � e �a
,� �� �� 1 Elementary � � �
�� � ��♦ '$- / m 1 1. � O�
l�y � , Rd �', GreenHopes 1 � � � � �, �a
� J.
I` m e0 �,eve1 Gh�cch ♦.. � °or� � 1 6 G er en i� O JQ� y u/i' s/ No9�y
I � IGc 1 1 tl 1 Hope �a�° d9ew'
�� � � Highcroft High � � ay �
� � `� � � � � � Elementar � Green Hope �i, � N' CP
/ / ♦`` � 1` `' NoPeSchpo�R O J Y � Elementary , \ eAve � `'.P�ParkDr �
/
��o � i �� ��ce %��� � P G��. 55 � �c�`� �
�. � __�.-' � � o � �a �-, �
/ %' � : p � � � �
Green Level�� � , � O, �' � e F
� A �;l a
h��ch Rd - r Ston
' '' � , � •Connemara Dr o Creek
' � � � � � �� ^�,d� , �;� h House ftA
� � ; hip p \ °' , ; n e�� �
m s��
2 0 ; / I ` v2pe`I � o
� � � �„� �, / �� ; � � � cornerstone _
.� � � ♦ /
�
Q' ��'o� ',\�j��� 1 �' H�gh■ � Park u'y
Place
_ � J / � �� House
_� Z ; 1� Crossing �� Colli�sQ(1 Cetlar Pc
u� � ,� , �
� � 1 � Green Leve��est Rd � � a Wa�o
'(,J / � ` DavisDrive �loo�B�Jd
Y � .a U Elementary� I
I� s O
�� ; L _
' �'�/' : ? DMiddleV�
�I ���
I\ I �� 1 PARK
� i ��►� � C��zza or p � � d
�i � � �� M��nt H��n o�� /�-+ �a
I ..9 1 j S O ,ParkVillayt'�J�. 1Q �D
f � i
- � � � � TurnerCreek
� n \ � Elementary � �
� � �/ � herwooh Fores P
/ Q l�' � Nolt Rd , �"a
� � � o t
-1 / 6 ` _ �
� d i m r. /� � i��
`,U���_ - - - ___ _
- - ____- -__\ �
40
�
RDU Airport
,�
�
i� ' N
� ��..<--`� `
Creek
�Trdil
�
a William B. Umstead
m State Park
0
a � Lake Crabtree See Website For Park Hours
� � Count Park And Information
��� � Y � �� www.ncparks.gov
f .
.
�\ : � ._ ,. �i
a
Apex 0 qpex�
Community - Lake o '
Park
Hwy 6q
� °'�a � S
�, �o�-�u. � ,
aaR'� sn ``` Q 64
R,r i
Lake Crabtree �
n
�
. ... ._II/__ �\�. �G
American Tobacco Trail 4.67 mi Mills Park (opening in 2010) "��, � �Maccregor
Green Level roburham Road Mills Park Orive - Villa e
� aiham Counry Segment ot 23 mile long ATT �. � \ g
ThomasBrooksPark � ��� -�� �� � �,A_ 3�
Amberly Lake Greenway 0.95 mi sooa cree� �e�ei a,�ron Road L] ``
.:zs smre Rd, w�in�� Ameady aia��ad oe�aioPmem Sears Farm Road Park `
� 50]] sears Farm ftoad ncy Pkwy �+ � p�
Cary Park Lake Greenway 1.87 mi Green Hope High School/Park Q-ege
�rer� Laval to Durhem Roetl, WitFin Gery Park PDD Q'
� zsoo ca�Pe��e� uP�n�.�n aoaa p
Green Ho e Elementa School/Park Symphony
Southbridge Greenway 028 mi P ry 1 Lake
� _.n em R�tlge Lane Within Southbridge POO Z��O Louis StepM1ans Drive
White Oak Park
Green Hope School Greenway 1.04 mi �Zis�enascarpemerRoaa
� .:��s va,m aoaa aa�k m eamneior e�a��n c,ee�way Davis Drive School/Park
zioi oa��s o�we
Batchelor Branch Greenway 078 mi Davis Drive Park a�
.�in Reserve Subtlivision. NG 55 to PeFlmeyer Place 1810 �avis ��ivo
Preston Soccer Fields
NC Hwy 55 Multi-Use Trail 121 mi aoi H�9n House Roaa � HeR
N.,,�.s�e„e �aoa m co��ema�a od�e �
- Fred G. Bond Metro Park e - � Penny noad PL
White Oak Creek Greenway 3.86 mi 8o� ���n Ho��sP Ro�a �TQ' � v ele�„e�eary
o:+�;��. odve Pare ro cree� �evei cnumn aoad North Cary Park qo. _ � �
i�ooNorwaus we�era p w
-= Whi[e Oak Creek Greenway 1.56 mi Robert V. Godbold Park
8ond Park to MacAhhur D�ive 2151 NW Mayna�tl Ro24
-_ Park Village Greenway 0.69 mi soi N�e Laoe Park �/
': a- ti iu 9eRe�.earo�n.eamaa�kvna9eo.�e Urban Park F C
/14 E Chatham SVeet [(�
Sherwood Greens Greenway 0 26 mi d
... ooaFo�es�aiacecoParkvnaqecree�way HeaterPark(naturalarea) -
� aoo s w�s� sv�e� � a`°
� Indian Creek Greenway 0.37 mi Dorothy Park (natural area) r
: i�or1 Boulevard lo Tawn Hall Drive l20 Griffis Streat
� Rose Street Park T n rN Mill Pond
- Davis Drive Multi-Use Trail 329 mi iio Rose svee� q� wllage
oa��s o���e aa�x�o Mo�ds�aie ca�pe�ce�aoad R.S. Dunham Park *�
519 Walnul Sheet Wake Tech
Stonecreek Greenway 0.60 mi Lions Park western
�� oavison�amCarpe��erupcnurrnRoan a�sra�giewoodori�e [ampus
Harrison
Painte
•���������� �
U �
1
0 �
�
S �
R i
J� East ��
cary
beY ��Middle � �
Adams �
!le Shop Elemy�enfary � �
�'� � O , Je�eg\ �/
��'. CaryVillag Squarg��G2�y�� 'ARK
♦���*/� F�'�q.�
� � � Ca Towne �vMichaeql a.
� ry � CurranA tic
� � Center � �enter
ICary� '
High �
�},� /
m ..•. j %
- � J �`�%
o . � rs,
� B' �haLe� �r
Penn G
y Rd j �D
i� �emgary �` g \5`�\�`��
\' �
� m
� gel9ium Dr -�
♦
3 a �
- �' " I
'� �"�l 1
\ 1
♦` f�
�J
Louis Ste hens Multi-Use Trail 1.36 mi Cary High School _ ;
� p 638 WaInul5lreet �. `
-+- lennle Park to Mort evllle Parkwey Walnut Street Park �
� . B shops Gate Greenway 1.39 mi iazo wam�i svaai � o„cDr �
:�:�,a,��yn svee�w�m�� s��snoPs cace aoo Annie L. Jones Park . ����
1d14TarbertStreel 1 T
. Annie Jones Greenway 1.17 mi MacDonald Woods Park v j PO P
4�,iiiieJonasParkGatehouseDrlvetoLekePlneDrrve 160�SeabrookAvenue �'� e��� ?'ijrv , �R
Marla Dorrel Park (Kids Together Playground) �q � d .o. \ d
' Oxxford Hunt Greenway 1.21 mi iii rn��sm� o���e ° n9�°` 1 �
� we:� cnamam svee� w eo�d Pa.k Harold D. Ritter Park �
" P�
�P \
3oi �o�nmere or�e wes� Pa � SW Wake Y
Black Creek Greenway 1.80 mi T��, � ;+vMCq
sond Park eoamou�e m Maynard Road Hembck Bluffs Nature Preserve .
261fi K Itlaire Farm Roatl �� '� . v� *
- Black Creek Greenway 3.80 mi Future Park j � �
Chapel H'ill Ruad lo Old Reedy Creek Road 9]01 Penny Roatl 1
Middle Creek School/Park � �
Glenkirk Greenway 023 mi i5i m��ddiec�eek aa�knvenue �a \ `'���
� oic. woamars�o�e way. wanm oie�e��u aoo �
SK-8 Cary (at Godbold Park) co,y �,.
2040 NW Maynard Roatl (9�9) 380.29]0
Northwoods Greenwa 0.87 mi 5p 1
�. ;.,��.r.�maa�k�oNortnwoodse�me��ary GodboldDogPark ,p� I
:��auel H'ill Road) 2�36 NW Meynartl Road � �
Higgins Greenway 0.55 mi Koka Booth Amphitheatre ��
� SW Maynard Road fo Den(orth Drlve 8003 Ragency Porkway [phone] �
Future Dog Park �
- Hinshaw Greenway 1 66 mi w ae��y aoaa �
M,��aoo��e�Pa.k�oMa�oo�a�dwoodsPa,k West Ridge Trail (2.1 miles� MpcGregor Loo�(2.8 miles� �
mcreenwoodcrcie USABaseballNationalTrainin Complex Bike Route Deseriptions .- �
;; c���� Nooe smoa R�aa �s,9� sa�-3�eaa This shori loo can be combined with ihe Three Lakes
. P rates Cove Greenway 078 mi The WesT Ridge Trail is a spur off }he EasT Ridge Loop P
<,.
Cary 7ennis Park Loo for a uie} and leasant ride ihrou h one of �
_..�,���oac�,�iemcie�9a„yo,roe � ,,.i�.,�ssiePne�son�e�sis�asz-zosi LoChmefe LoOp (6.5 mlles�; and provides access to ihe Block Creek Trail via P Q P 9
� connection oin}s alon D nas Drive. The irail Cary's best-known neighborhoods. There are a few �
wakeMed Soccer Park p 9 Y »'
Tryon Village Greenway 0.42 mi � This souTheast Cary loop encircles two lokes and short, sTee hills and several olf cart crossin s.
- �,�<. ���n so-ee�ror o� ma�o� o���e ase e cnamam s„ee� �e,9� asa-oaea coniin�es north along Thorpe Dme, a residential road P 9 9 �
� ry provides greenway access thro�gh Ritter Park. Ca�tion sfri ed with bike lanes. A short section on Ca �� `
Cary Senior Center ihould be vsed when iravelin alon hi h vol�me p ry I°'' NC BIkE ROUf@ 1 8.5 miles : o
SpeightBranchGreenway0.72mi �..���ti�a��yoaeuai��e�sis�aes-aosi g g g Parkway leods to Norwell Boulevard and access To I � �- t
n„�,�, Roaa m ca�y Pa�kway thoroughfares in ihe north. These include Tryon Road �
Bond Park Communit Center Southeast Cary Parkwoy and a crossing over Kildaire Along Davis Drive. This route is part of ihe Carolina m
Swift Creek Greenwa 0.88 mi i'�.'�` hie«o Pa�k o���e �sis�as�as�o East Ridge Trail (1.6 miles� a
Y Farm Road. ConnecTion, which NCDOT has designated as a portion d
� �`°'P F�°» Ro2tl `° `2e9e°°Y °ark""aY � eond Park Boathouse This short northeast Cary loop is bcated at the eastem of US Bike Route 1, which r�ns from Maine to Florida �
Symphony Lake Greenway 1.33 mi �"" g�„d Pa�ko���etsis�ass-aioo Tafbeli Loop (2.6 miles� end of ihe West Ridge Troil. WyaWs Pond Lane and I ��
�<„�,�,eoomnmPn��meave,w�m��Re9e��y❑a�kPoo ReedyCreekRoadtakeridersposTReedyCreekMiddle I`' NC Bike RoUfe2 (11.2 miles� ��
Jordan Hall Arts Center Located on ihe wesTern edge of the Three Lakes Loop, �
�c�n N�nn Ha„�so� a�e��e �9�e�ae9-aose School. East Dynasty Drive forms fhe souThem bound- l
- Regency Park Greenway 0.58 mi � � ihis shorter route traverses rolling hills along wide, Along High House Road from Davis Drive. This is port of ���
nio�9 ae9e��y ❑a.kway m symPno�y �ake Herbert C. Young Community Center residential sheets. This route provides access to Annie L. a�Y of The loop. the Mountains-to-ihe-Sea RouTe, which exTends 700 �
��� n�,vok���so� n�e��e �sis� aso-asss Jones Park and ihree greenway inTersections. Two miles from M�rphy to ManTeo, NC. Extending inTo rural �
. Kildaire Farm Multi-Use Treil 1.30 mi �� greenways are bcated adjacent to Tarbert Drive, with Park Central L000 (5.5 miles): westem woke and easTem Chatham Co�ny, this route
�� :,�„�„ aeek c�eenway m Fo.esi R�n Pia�e . Pa e-Walker Arts & Histo Center .
� ��� �:��.�„nassaeo� �ooP �s�e� aso-a9srsY the Third greenway occessible by sidewalk aT The is a favorite of Triangle d�b cydisis for recreaTional rides
Camp Branch Greenway 0.62 mi � Stevens Nature Center at Hemlock inTeaection of Lake Pine Drive and Souihwest Cory Characterized by wide sireets and genTly rolling terrain, }o Green Level and Jordan Lake.
r�, Te�, aoaa, s�a�ro� s��a���sm� eiuffs Nature Preserve Parkwoy. CauTion sho�ld be exercised when crossing ihis cen}ral Cary route haverses through some of The
-eieKiaa��eFa�mrzoaaisi9�ae�-seeo Town's oldest neighborhoods. The Ellyn Drive spur Cafy Bike ROUfe #3 (7.8 mile5):
... Churchill Estates Greenway 0.50 mi $W Ctlry Parkway.
-:�„ r��, aoaa, cn�,�mu e��a�es s�ea ms�o� Middle Creek Communit Center accesses both the Hinshaw and Pirate'S Cove Green- � This si ned route runs alon so�thwest and norThwest
���. Mamec�eekaa�kn�e��e�s��ni-izss ways. Both greenways are bcated off of Greenwood � g 9
NOffhWOOdS LOOp (2.3 milES� Circle. Use cauTion along Wrenn Drive and Bargaie - Cary Parkway and serves as a connection between
waTch for backing cars from apartmenT parking areas. numerous bicycle loops. Portions of the rouTe have 14�
For information about public tranzit connections look for the CTran Bus Map Bordered on three sides by major Thoroughfares, wide outside lanes, while other segments are narrow
cyclists should exercise caution when iraveling this loop 7h�ee Lakes L000 (6.2 miles): with IiTtle or no sho�lder. This route is recommended for
or the Triangle Transit Map at Town of Cary facilities and other locations connecting �aers to the Black Creek Trail, Godbold experienced cyclisTs only.
around Cary. Information can be found at the following websites: Park and Cary's Skate Park. Cyclists heading nor}h This apTly named loop route is both challenging and �
towards Umsiead Siate Park will want to use the Black Serene. Caich glimpses of MacGregor powns and Cary Bike Route #7 (3.0 miles�:
www.townofcary.org www.gotriangle.org Creek hailhead located on NW Moynard Road, across Kildaire Farms Lakes and }he Apex Reservoir as you ride °� Serving ihe norfhern half of Cary, this signed route r�ns
* from Godbold Park. Sudbury Drive, with its sTriped bike a rouTe ihat is almosT enTirely residential in nature. South along Hanison Avenue in the north forming the easiern
- (919)485-RIDE Sil �is:'�y„ =_L�� �' lanes and residenTial naT�re, makes a good af Cary Parkway ihe Terrain becomes moderately edge of }he West Ridge and Northwoods Loops.
� norfh/souTh altemative to Harrison Aven�e to access rolling with sTeep (b�t shorT) segments along Queens- Located on a major throughfare, This rouTe is recom-
The West Ridge Trail and Eas} Ridge Loop to ihe north. fem/ Road. mended for experienced cyclisTs only.
RALEIGH
/
�
N�tlin9�am Dr 440
Qa- 5ouch
Devonshire e H'lls Lake JohnsOn
Place �� � � Park
\0� aty ot aaie�gh � �
�REI
C J�
1. er��
S • oads 40
e`c9
S r
� � piU a
� Tne � ar Or
/� centrum _ O
1�
1
�
/
I
� Middle
� Creek
� Elementary j
I i
� g i
I
/ /
i S� i
� i
A Middle +
� �� Creek - �
� O High ,
� m 1
1
�, O� _ o timisr Fa�m Ra i
west � p yyese
Lake �� Lake �-�
�� Elemen[ary Middle /
i �
� �
� �
\ /
1 �
� �
.`, _'�
i
�� r--__
J

APPENDIX E
Transit Route Maps

Durant Rd.
TTA to
Wake Forest %�
Wc�keMecl North
Henitlzplex
Capital Area Transit ��°�
.,.
.
ShnppiriyCerter e =� Cenite��ig t ,•D'•�n:;1 ��������►�.
ISttiCkland Rd. �05 �����c ���
Brennan � Sr���k�an '�r�� •� a ��a\\ �•����
Brerinan Statiori■ Sia Forks Smtiai dR 540 0� � �� DurcoitRoad ���
Shoppirag Center �� Ce�t�� �a�� Y Fleinentary ���
Shoppiri� Center dg � x ��
FOrUm � C����a BentTree � Seoqt��� ��divrsiorz�� ��������������t,,
Gead Mine Road �t Plaza � '�
Elementary WestMillbrooA � � � ■ ���
■ Mic/dle Schoof ��� HatPs Mill � Durant ��
� � � ■ Nnture Park ��
� Expps�t�on � Lirchford �
�pWard Rd. Stonehenge � � S�z��°�e� %
Shoppirag Center � � 7 P �b 1 �
� ♦ CerVer �
�, TTA to RTP, •tonehe�ge�C g �QS��\` ,' �% wRA�
°' FiOUt@ %�@ I1011—StOp Norlh Raledgh Ravenscr-oft �� � Soccer
o � ,�y�tt��� Y Acndemy ■ � � � �elds
�t0 BPIeY �',YE2�( Re�ional Librar ■ � �
m
T GI2f1 Ro al o North Ridge y��
y o Celebration -� ■ ELementary ������� �'r�, �� Nor'th Raleigh
� nt Six Forks ■ � °¢ �� Christiara
The Henlin,� � Shopping Center � �p-�i�Acadenry
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d �� J'� Sutton S uare � C�`°� ■ FOx Rtl. ��
70 �O� 90' t � y • aa� �uu���u��� ��
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� Z orXh Rid e 0� Par'k � Aa Trinn !e Town �, �♦
a 8 e O 8 •nnn�u�� Wnke
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� = o�,�� ���r.�.�� � High O�Q ��
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i h�, � , ■ rra�� n
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: � 1 1 1 Townrirlge Nlillbr SheA���� ����� Park■ �� ������ .�
Sho �in� Ce�ater ��k Rtl. � N� Bend Fa\\s
Pl 4 Sheldey Lake- /.��/-�,
�� Serlonia �� Sanderson ��bDnP`d' Cedar Hills m
i � Arts Center �' E. Millbrook
� R2gU�df ROUt@�RUfa Ci@ SUt0�7US p Creedmoor Crossing p•. High Schonl ,p 407
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o � ■
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00 Deviated Service/ Q �'e P a � C•on� ���� � o��� � �� �o,
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p p ��ep HoA\o� pa� Oho �dnk �����t Elernentark ■ � �� Cenrer- ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� Millb�o0k Rtl. � �� pkRd � �'��`
� Landmark/Senales np g °o y : ■ � � � � � � �• � M���p�o ,
Ceriter O' �����oi�ae�aor �� Sii�='•�
G��ace Qunil Cor�riers � � �o�
���' �o Ludiermi Church Shopping Center ■ '�s Q■
�Moore S. Station Transit MaIU �,� � nrtin�,-��k �
M Q ■ � Capitnl Mini
L8 EStaC1017 �B �OS BUSBS �p a� � Elenxentary o a� G�os� ��rY ��
� �� " � �'.•i�• � �x
State Capitol/Capital del Estado `��` � a': � ¢ _�e,�'�� �l °jIDj a;�Oa�y a� N
� � d � "' Carroll " �� �o � `
,�`� o a■ Middle Sdiool � Green Roncl ��
Q Hospital/Hospital �, ,�,. � �, °�
�� Crabh�ee Q Park ■ ^
i�81'k&f�ld0/Pdi' U2 M011�d Va[ley Mall Q . 3 Green Rond �' 401
� p � ����AARd. � o East a1e I.ibrary■� � Ashtore
0 Transfer Point/ �,a ,���;�e�y� oa��mouth�a ■Pnrk ����rdirnpnt � Tarrvmore ■S�uare
Punto De Trasferencia �a •' ' : :� '•"'• ., • �quQYe■
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Transferencia De CAT y TTA ,�� �\\�e Hr°' %� S( q�b �Q %
OO 2014, Cit of Ralei h DOT •�°� pe� �' i a�sp� Bre�itwod �'
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Designed by Smartmaps, Inc. t Q P�a9 e�.s g ;� � ���•���••"
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o ��`� �g � 440 Duke Raleigh �o
k, 0 440 $ Root ' Hospiral �
Olde Ruleigh Vi/lage '�7� y Elemerelnry ■ �• � a
Shopping Center■ 9s�� Glen Ed� m Sx. DavicYs � �m" • Vena Wilhurn �
�' � �� � School � S e�o ,' ■ Elernentary �
� ���kFp a� Holly Park School .
TO RTP, � ������•������ Plcz��n� �����������n
�UY�18111 � � y High���oods CShG :
' m Rex Lnke Boone Higl�lnnd Uni��ed >, ■ � Ma ♦•
Chapel Hill ' • �'`
a Hospifal Sl�opping Center Methodist Church Bntes � ���a• �P �i
� Elemer�tmy � �aA ��
�, Q ■ ■ Q ' Joyner ap� .•
= Lake Boone Trail ■ � � G • � � �
F,lenzentary � o
°' Lncv GlenH�ood ■ tiI�N � a
■Elemen�ar � � Dnriiels ey a� :��. �
Villa e � � �
� Sj7opp{nK Middle \� Q Hodges St. b 9 =
NC Martin Cer�ter Schaol o c` �'� �°� $
■ Art Museunr Middle School ■ � �u 9 � SkyCfBSt Df. m
mQ a ti������::.���������T'�a
�iy o Cathnlic 1� ��
o a> Purish ■ •
a� � �y a �II Rd Oun�each �Ja' 75L �
� � Whitaker M � 0 �
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District Dr. ao, � � erM`���- Tillery abt��'e ����'� Y
wadeAve. � �� � S1r�ta� Place ���a 31 Q
Ridgewood Fi ve � �
ShoppingCc:nrer N ot� Barkstlale 31 LakeWoodard ~ o�ai\o�
■ PNCArenri � Pninis■ ��g'0 �
� W8d0 Ave. Jaycee Undermood ��a \ ,o� �GOj .. � � �� Beacon c>°� ,
Cnrter-Finlev Park � Elementmy �� s�0 J� Tower� Plaza� � ' ■ S/zo ���i��Center ons
■ � �� O Sho »i� 11 8 TO
Qi. ■ Stadium Tf1111t Rd. Meredrth In�eract �ennis �� as��� Center �
� y ■ �v � � 6a Knightdale,
.�' College
� aa�, a� ' conn Millban �o
� Ralei h Q �, � � Powell Maitla Wi��r'�Gr�ove �/gn�Je�� an�J
�' NCState H���Sb�C��g� � Q� G�ar�r ��A/a�St � Elem�tar � Lions �Elementnrv nd
stio t,� cer�rnr Zebulon
�
Beryl Rtl. � Fred H.S.� � � Pork \a' �
a Fnirgroisnds ■ � p/��,�� � �, ¢� S
Flercher Cetlar a, Glascock �, ,� ��e "
'�'O a� � NC Stnze � Methnd Park �� ■ F_leme�itmy p'o Park a �� �y 31 ��- � Vr`a G�7SCOCk � �~ ��
Arbnretinn � � m c6 � � � 31
Cary sa �x � �� Cameron Broughro�r �� .� � � Vir inia � � �Q�
r� � -o 0 o ark High � dlliam o g Y Q
ChapelHillRd. � `�� m � �Pj chool ��� Pec4ce m ,Franklin � i�ips �� � VaM� Ca�U t
Westgrove � �� F/j/j Ca»ieron ��G � P28ce �;� Unii�. �a g ��bU�r Longvieov bp� . WakeMed n7e
HiIISbOrp� Purk & RiOde o �'�. Sbor U9h p�jlug� �oo. � St. Au ustdrie's School M Oi� Hospitul
9h St. � � G� 0 8 ■ Schoo!
Western B�vd. Jackson St. �d� � � � o°«e�� � o�.�` gerC�e �c
K-mart �r Nor�th Carolina Wiley � � o _ Bo � ,�� �� HOISt011
� State Unii�ersitv i Elementary � .o — ro �2 440
' � ,��, �, _ �� Oakwootl � 31 �r %
Plcrz� West ,o • � � ■ � �est�� Cdt�SRp�a�� �i�� NCSU � St Sch ol � M� L2nB��� �Lon �view Frzloe ��?p ���0 0
�Shopping Center m�:' �B�D Be(Itoover ■ � � ' �High School � �0 � Division of
� .c McKimmon 0! �������� EdOnton Shopping �o � Employme�lt
a �o° ��� Cer�ter MOfrlll 1� � , Ceriter Holly Hill � �
Q. � �, s� � : � ew Bern New Bern Ave. ta� Secuy-iry
es O� ♦♦ � m Pullen ������ � Hospital Fa� �
o . �` � � Carl Santlburg
�o Y -� �■ Park ■ MOr 8n � p � `� Wnke County �
■ d 9 (SEE OTHER SIDE) Hargett DMV■ o �%, � Humnn Sernices ■ �"
e� Goverraor
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�,� � � Shopping Center � � .o � 9�, Kidtl � U,
� �, Kaplan Dr. ap �ec� Schoo/ ■ Pri,ron ��p Martin � �d� � [/A Cldraic ,�tie� �
� � � b` _, m° Davie � � 0�`0'
�, �� ■ Cornbs ��'� L� i ,�' �'
oFt �� Elemeritni-v Q ■ '- -. � oc
'� Poole Rtl.
�� ��Uirypt�r ��� ��� Centennio] TO Moore v AmtraK' Lenolr Ligon � �
• d� � � �� .- Cnmpus SqUare M.'h���� r Kln Jr BIVd
40 ._ : � � 'i `�� Station out St. ,, „ � �'i, � '
• p�' �'• 440 �i �"� o dVls �� �,U�he o ■ Wake Coa�r�7y Offi�ce Park
y . �. � � hnw'�° o a
�� �`�� ��'4Yh� Dorothea Dix ■ ersitv °' m ■ 0 Chnvis �a a c� Ffl2r TUCk Rd. ■ Historic Ook View Pnrk
� o� Atliens Drive����s Campus Heights � tie � ��' PooIB Rd.
� � � � � � High School ■ ��- ; ��yF�d' � W nut Park � � _� ��
�� e�tFe iP � T rc,ce Lee N o �� �` ge// � ■ � ��
P`� e�e � � ��' � oQ Ed�sO Wn[nur � m CAT ■�
� � �"�'�� � � � � � Averet Ferry ,�e � � Br29g � � �Q o -o m
d/ryUtS � ��u ,��,e � � � z � Wake o �¢, BuSS Fuciliry
IN c �'� 0■ Shopprng Center � „a> @ o A d � m�c 1
a G Creek SC O�e�-ations
t � i � � e� � Hoke �I Correctional � ��� m Elem. B an�eh
� L�r��N /� �Jer�l, m x ;c � m Littte John
�� � � Lake Johnson Farnaer's Keetel' Cnrnage � Cenler � Ra�ph Be�mo� ■
64 y Market Cam bell Worthdnle
TO o ■ City Purk ��� � Ma � Middle Scdtool ■ NC Correctioual � P pk Pnrk
R�p� � ��,� �� YWood Ave. � o petefSotl Ins�itute for a Y
�� o m Womeri o
C+aCy �o �,��iln��� �i<<� � m SouXhgate a
� � City Fafm � Shopping Center � � � � �
ThlStle ee`t'�ay 440 m � E Fulle�� �d� Soutlrgnte� <n
qo Ft N �i
�y gCadsha`t`� � Flen��eritnr>> `O � ar
Dipar °°r Snomas "' .� • ��,.o�,, j:p;tor ,y, Radial Routes / Rutas Radiales
aDr. 40 440 5 . . .�a �
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� , � a � w - y� Falls of Neuse
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o Shop��in8 r0�� Co�nmunih� � �� �' �� " ■
%ryQ�g� �p.� CenFer a�e��� Cerzter �� �'��� �eS '�F �:� SoukheastRnleigh 40
� � �,�� � ��� �o ��eag y�: � � HighSchool � R2X FiOSplta�
1 ' ' 1 � 1 ' 1 ' �� � �� �• Cedar o � Sanderford
����Q� TryonRa �' ���� ��,��5,�::., C�estApts.■ �,'Seab�ook ■RoadPcnk � Biltmore Hills
� �� Wake Tech Express � �.,.,,�,�..•� � sa°ann�"
Crabtree
Poole Road Ex ress � � `� ��e�'°eo� South Saunders
e �a �
� p � � `" \�\\\ag NorthClift
� Brier Creek Express � Chapanoke �
� -�
� . � � , � � � . � Chnpanoke Syuare � LOIlgV12W
Shopping Cerzter
Tryon Rd. � � i � Avent Ferry
Trian le Transit Service to •
g T,_v�n H�r�s � ��:���: Method
� Cary, Garner, Knightdale, shonnrf�x
Research Triangle Park cen'eY � Chavis Heights
(RTP), Wake Forest, Garner'sStationBlvtl. Mechanica�eja � WakeMed
Wendell and Zebulon. Thes,ur,�,,, ■ � �.
TTA routes do not change on the same a sti�,E�,�„zK -
� Cesrter � �
schedule as CAT routes. For current TTA Q c�'re"'°`' Oberlin
0 Plnza
information please call 919-485-RIDE � se�Ysourier■ `� Worthdale
(7433) or visit www.gotriangle.org. �
p�rser Rd. ■ � o,�nY., ��r pM � Apollo Heights
Las rutas del TTA no cambian durante la
misma programacion como las rutas del
CAT. Para informacion actual del TTA por
favor Ilame al 919-485-RIDE (7433) o visite
www.gotriangle.org.
I ' � 1 � I
� I ► ' ' � .
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Q � Capital & Spring Forest
Q � Triangle Town Center
�� � Crabtree Valley Mall
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To Wake Technical College
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D E 7 4 3 ��R�� { •
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s�r�� � �:�` vu�,�sr�m siv
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s�rr�,n� � � the Train Depot making one stop at Maynard Road. �� � �� ��CROSSROADS�� '�
Elemerztari� � � 1 � � �
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� �jL" � �� ' Tr' fi��'�Hwy 64 MacGre or '�C Park � � Sw�ft � EJementar}�
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Wct,acha�+s� � � vu�do5t ❑ Shopping Center B00% � � �.a�' Tr,�ate►� � '
�''� � Q� ! --. Post��ce � � � SCil00� Ainphittieater Lowe's Home � N # � r'
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■ � R �I . �S'4' tt sl�s
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Printed: 04/2014

APPENDIX F
Farmland Conversion Impact Rating Forms
NOTE: FCIR scores are calculated by County. To determine a complete score for the DSAs for this project,
which is in two counries, a weighted average of the score for each DSA in Wake and Johnston Counties was
prepared based on the relative length of the DSA in each county. The weighted averages are highlighted on the
attached FCIR forms.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
PART I(To be completed by Federal Agency) a. uaie or4ana cvaivacion Kequesc Sheet 1 or ��
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved FHWA
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State WAKE COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Compl
9/15/14 Milton Cort
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigate er e Fa m�
YES p No ❑ n/a 103 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined
CORN ,4cres: 467,992 �� 85
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
WAKE Co., NC LESA n/a
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres:446,451 o�a 79
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4
��n � ��as a 9190 3 2209.4
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 995.31
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 958.92
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.4317
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 58
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 69
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
964.03
980.07
0.4355
58
7�
976.40
885.35
0.4169
58
71
1033.84
841.92
0.4202
58
71
0 I 0
10o I 69 I 70 I 71 I 71
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0 0 Q
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
26o I69 I70 I71 I 71
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State WAKE COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Comp
9/15/14 Milton Cort s
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigate ver e F m�
YES p No ❑ n/a 103 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined
CORN ,4cres: 467,992 �� 85
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
WAKE Co. NC LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet2 of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 446,451 o�a 79
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 5 Alternative 6 Alternative 7 Alternative 8
311 R 99d5 R ���Q 7 2657.7
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 1009.80
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 949.16
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.4388
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 58
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 7,�
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
1098.86
873.28
0.4220
58
73
10o I 71 � 73
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
1078.25
870.58
0.4345
58
75
1146.86
1140.67
0.5124
58
72
0 0
75 72
0 Q
260 I71 I73 I75 I 72
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State WAKE COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Comple
9/15/14 Milton Corte
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigated A era Far Si
YES p No ❑ N/A 103 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined ir
CORN ,4cres: 467, 992 �� 85
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Wake Co., NC LESA N/A
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet3 of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 446, 451 o�a 79
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 9 Alternative 10 Alternative 11 Alternative 12
aa� a ���� a ��3� � 2659.3
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 1142.98
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 1127.22
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.5101
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 58
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 7,�
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
1128.71
1041.32
0.4902
58
�2
1186.32
998.02
0.4842
58
70
1197.75
1094.52
0.5134
58
71
0 I 0
100 � 71 � 72 � 70 � 71
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0 0 Q
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
260 I71 I72 I70 I 71
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State WAKE COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Comple
9/15/14 Milton Corte
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigated A era Far Si
YES p No ❑ n/a 103 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined ir
CORN ,4cres: 467,992 �� 85
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Wake Co., NC, LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet4 of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 446,451 o�a 79
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 13 Alternative 14 Alternative 15 Alternative 16
a�a � �a�n n ��an � 2309.1
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 1070.02
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 1064.48
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.4781
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 58
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 73
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
1073.45 1051.81 1109.78
1051.03 954.32 920.18
0.4737 0.4446 0.4476
58 58 58
73 72 72
0 I 0
100 � 73 � 73 � 72 � 72
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0 0 Q
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
26o I73 I73 I72 I 72
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State WAKE COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Compl r
9/15/14 Milton Corte
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigate er e Fa
YES p No ❑ n/a 103 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined ir
CORN ,4cres: 467,992 �� 85
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Wake Co., NC LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
SheetS of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 446,451 o�a 79
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment
Alternative 17
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 1105.90
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 1018.33
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.4672
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 58
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 72
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
�oo I 72 I o
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
0 0
0 0
0 Q
260 I 72 I � I 0 I 0
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
PART I(To be completed by Federal Agency) a. uaie or4ana cvaivacion Kequesc sheet6 of �u
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved FHWA
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State �OHNSTON COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Com
9/15/14 Milton Co s
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigat ve e F rm '
YES p No ❑ n/a 156 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined ir
CORN ,4cres: 390,735 �� 76
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Johnston Co., NC LESA n/a
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
Acres: 379,107 o�a 74
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Alternative 4
19 79 719 79 19fi 0 196.0
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 35.86
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 33.41
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.0255
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 69
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 49
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
63.32 121.48 121.48
33.41 51.25 51.25
0.0255 0.0456 0.0456
69 69 69
49 53 53
100 � 49 I 49
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
0 0
53 53
0 Q
260 I49 I49 I53 I 53
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State �OHNSTON COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be Completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Completi
9/15/14 Milton Cortes
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigated v rag Far Si
YES p No ❑ n/a 156 acres
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined ir
CORN ,4cres: 390,735 �� 76
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Johnston Co., NC LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet �of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
Acres: 379,107 o�a 74
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment
Alternative 5 Alternative 6 Altern
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 60.87
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 35.86
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.0255
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 69
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 49
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
�oo I 49 I o
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
0 0
0
0
Alternative 8
48.66
��
30.32
9.35
0.0105
69
51
0 0
0 51
0 Q
260 I 49 I � I 0 I 51
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uaie or4 ana cvaivacion Kequesc
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved FHWA
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State �OHNSTON COUNTY NortF
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Com
9/15/14 Milton Co :
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigat d�
vEs ❑� No ❑ n/a
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmla
CORN ,4cres: 390,735 �� 76
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Johnston Co., NC LESA n/a
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet$ of
156 Acres
Acres:379,107 o�a 74
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 9 Alternative 10 Alternative 11 Alternative 12
R'� 7�7 1 137 1 48.3
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 30.32
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 9.35
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.0105
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 69
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 51
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
88.48 88.48 30.32
27.19 27.19 9.35
0.0305 0.0305 0.0105
69 69 69
54 54 51
10o I 51 � 54
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
0 0
54 51
0 Q
260 I51 I54 I54 I 51
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State �OHNSTON COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Com
9/15/14 Milton Co s
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigat ve e F rm '
vEs p No ❑ n/a 156 A�res
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Defined in
CORN ,4cres: 390,735 �� 76
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Johnston Co., NC LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet9 of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 379,107 ��a 74
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment N/A
Alternative 13 Alternative 14 Alternative 15 Alternative 16
R'� dR � 137 1 137.1
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 30.32
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 9.35
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.0105
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 68
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 51
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
30.32
9.35
0.0105
68
51
10o I 51 � 51
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
88.48
27.19
0.0305
68
54
88.48
27.19
0.0305
68
54
0 0
54 54
0 Q
260 I51 I51 I54 I 54
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Natural Resources Conservation Service
FARMLAND CONVERSION IMPACT RATING
FOR CORRIDOR TYPE PROJECTS
PART I(To be Completed by Fedel'al AgenCy) a. uate or �ana cvaivacion
4
1. Name of Project Complete 540 - TriEx Southeast Extension 5. Federal Agency Involved
2. ryPe of Pro�eot New Location Roadway 6. County and State �OHNSTON COUNTY North Carolina
PART II (To be Completed by NRCS) 1. Date Request Received by NRCS 2. Person Compl ' or
9/15/14 Milton Corte
3. Does the corridor contain prime, unique statewide or local important farmland? 4. Acres Irrigated er e Fa
vEs p No ❑ n/a 156 A�r
(If no, the FPPA does not apply - Do not complete additional parts of this form).
5. Major Crop(s) 6. Farmable Land in Government Jurisdiction 7. Amount of Farmland As Define
CORN ,4cres: 390,735 �� 76
8. Name Of Land Evaluation System Used 9. Name of Local Site Assessment System
Johnston Co., NC LESA n/a
FHWA
NRCS-CPA-106
(Rev. 1-91)
Sheet� �of
PART III (To be completed by Federal Agency)
A. Total Acres To Be Converted Directly
B. Total Acres To Be Converted Indirectly, Or To Receive Services
C. Total Acres In Corridor
PART IV (To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information
,o,cres: 379,107 ��a 74
10. Date Land Evaluation Returned by NRCS
09/30/2014
Alternative Corridor For Segment
Alternative 17
A. Total Acres Prime And Unique Farmland 30.32
B. Total Acres Statewide And Local Important Farmland 9.35
C. Percentage Of Farmland in County Or Local Govt. Unit To Be Converted 0.0105
D. Percentage Of Farmland in Govt. Jurisdiction With Same Or Higher Relative Value 68
PART V(To be completed by NRCS) Land Evaluation Information Criterion Relative 51
.,.,�,,,. ,.s c.,.».�.,.,..r s,, c,, c,,...,;,.,..r ... r,....,,..+,.,r ic...,�,. ..s n_ �nn n,.:.,f� �
PART VI (To be completed by Federal Agency) Corridor Maximum
Assessment Criteria (These criteria are explained in 7 CFR 658.5(c)) Points
1. Area in Nonurban Use 15
2. Perimeter in Nonurban Use 70
3. Percent Of Corridor Being Farmed 20
4. Protection Provided By State And Local Government 20
5. Size of Present Farm Unit Compared To Average 10
6. Creation Of Nonfarmable Farmland 25
7. Availablilit Of Farm Su ort Services 5
8. On-Farm Investments 20
9. Effects Of Conversion On Farm Support Services 25
10. Compatibility With Existing Agricultural Use 10
TOTAL CORRIDOR ASSESSMENT POINTS 160 0
PART VII (To be completed by Federal AgencyJ
Relative Value Of Farmland (From Part V)
100 151 lo
Total Corridor Assessment (From Part Vl above or a local site
assessment) 160 0 0
TOTAL POINTS (Total of above 2lines)
or
5. Reason For Selection:
ioiai Hcres or rarmiai
Converted by Project:
0 0
0 0
0 Q
260 I 51 I � I 0 I 0
3. Date Of Selection: 4. Was A Local Site Assessment Used?
YES � NO �
Signature of Person Completing this Part: DATE
NOTE: Complete a form for each segment with more than one Alternate Corridor