Erosion/Sedimentation Control Guidelines

•

•
North Carolina
Department of Transportation
Erosion ar
Guideline
for
Contract C
Division of Highways
0 Table of Contents
Introduction
Erosion Control Responsibilities
Types of Devices and Installation Procedures
Details and Specifications
Location of Devices
Sensitive Areas
Buffer Zones .
Wetlands
High Quality Water Areas
Endangered Species
•
Appendices
A. Erosion Control Policy and Procedures for Contract
Construction Activities
B. Sample ICA and NOV Forms
C. Sample Reclamation Plan
D. Safety Philosophy and Procedures
•
I-1
II-2
III - 1
111-3
IV - 1
V-1
V-1
V-2
V-3
V-4
i
• INTRODUCTION
This North Carolina Department of Transportation Guide for Erosion and
Sediment Control will assist the North Carolina Department of
Transportation (NCDOT) technicians in performing contract
administration duties and responsibilities with greater effectiveness and
economy. The guide is designed to explain the primary standards of the
North Carolina Sedimentation Control Law and define the standard
operating procedures for erosion and sediment control established by the
Chief Engineer-Operations.
The Sedimentation Control Law basically prohibits visible off-site
sedimentation from highway construction sites and allows the Department
to determine the most economical and effective practices to accomplish this
goal. The law has three general requirements:
1) for areas larger than one acre, an erosion and
sedimentation control plan must be approved before
any clearing or grading may occur;
2) surfaces on the construction site must be stabilized;
and
3) sediment must be retained on site.
Implementation of mandatory erosion control practices may vary slightly
across the three zones of North Carolina: The coastal plain, piedmont, and
mountain region. The four principal factors that affect erosion rates are
topography, soils, surface cover, and climate. The sediment and erosion
control plans found in the construction plans have been designed
considering all of these factors and were developed with current
technological data prepared specifically for highway development.
•
I- 1
• EROSION CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES
Regulatory Agencl Responsibility
The Land Quality Section of the Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources (DEHNR) enforces the Sedimentation Pollution Control
Law which affects all individuals conducting land disturbing activities for
public or private development or highway construction and maintenance.
This agency has the authority to perform on-site inspections and issue
notices of violation (NOV'S) which could result in work stoppage,
penalties, or both. Due to the magnitude of land disturbance conducted by
the NCDOT, the DEHNR has delegated monitoring to the Division of
Highways for internal review with periodic inspections to be performed by
their agency. Land Quality has demonstrated fair and prudent judgments in
performing individual inspections as well as reviewing the Department's
annual performance. It is imperative that the Land Quality Section
complete the performance audits with precise and accurate reports due to
economic and environmental implications.
North Carolina Department of Transportation Responsibility
• The NCDOT has the responsibility to comply with all rules and regulations
described in the Sedimentation Pollution Control Law and all requirements
stipulated in the program delegation from the DEHNR. The Chief
Engineer-Operations has implemented, as standard operating procedure,
that the Department's Sediment and Erosion Control Program shall be a
top priority with employees and managers involved in land disturbing
activities. Failure to comply with the requirements of the law may result in
a Notice Of Violation issued to the Department and possible fines levied for
noncompliance. Any employee who does not follow standard operating
procedures in his/her daily duties and responsibilities may be subject to
procedures described in the 12isci lp inary Action Policy.
Roadside Environmental Unit Responsibility
This Unit is assigned the in-house regulatory responsibility with specific
focus on sediment and erosion control issues, policies, and environmental
commitments. This responsibility includes preparing erosion control plans,
implementing and maintaining standard specifications and project special
provisions, and monitoring active work-sites for compliance with the
Sedimentation Pollution Control Law. The Unit demonstrates
professionalism and technical competence in preparing plans as well as
• monitoring and recommending corrective actions when problems arise.
H-1
• Contractor Responsibility
The Contractor has bid on and been awarded a contract to build roads or
structures. This contract includes protecting the environment and
controlling erosion. There are items in the contract that pay the Contractor
to do this work and it is his responsibility. This responsibility is stated in
The Standard-Svecifications for Roads and Structures. Julv 1. 1995. as
follows:
Q Article 107-13 CONTROL OF EROSION, SILTATION, AND
POLLUTION
(A) General:
"The Contractor take whatever measures are necessary to
minimize soil erosion and siltation, water pollution, and air
pollution caused by his operations. The Contractor shall also
comply with the applicable regulations of all legally
constituted authorities relating to pollution prevention and
control. The Contractor 1 keep himself informed of all
such regulations which in any way affect the conduct of the
• work, and l at all times observe and comply with all such
regulations...."
Q Article 200-1 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
Description.
" ... All work under this section be performed in a
manner which will cause a minimum of soil erosion and shall
comply with the requirements of Article 107-13. The work
sbaUl be coordinated with other operations such that, unless
otherwise increased or decreased by the Engineer, no more
than 17 acres of exposed, erodible surface area will be
accumulated at any one given time by the clearing and
grubbing operation until erosion control measures are
provided. The Contractor shall perform such erosion control
work , temporary or permanent, as may be directed by the
Engineer in order to satisfactorily minimize erosion resulting
from the clearing and grubbing operations. The installation of
termporary or permanent erosion control measures shall begin
as soon as clearinn and grubbing or land disturbing activities
• begin...."
11-2
• Article 225-2 EROSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
" ... The grading operation will not be allowed to accumulate
exposed, erodible slope area in excess of 17 acres at any
one given time without the Contractor's beginning permanent
seeding and mulching or other erosion control measures as
directed by the Engineer...."
The Contractor is to have an erosion control coordinator on the
project who has the knowledge and ability to determine where,
when, and what devices are needed in addition to those shown on the
erosion control plan. This individual is to meet with the DOT's
erosion control coordinator and together they will make the decision
as to what is to be installed.
•
•
H-3
• Technician Responsibility
Because erosion control is so important and for the most part common
sense, everyone has the responsibility to observe the project looking for
ways to improve the erosion control and to protect the environment.
Therefore, the technician should begin this work even before knowing
what devices are available, aor what will work, or how they may be paid
for. You should make your ideas known to the party chief or to the project
erosion control coordinator.
The Resident Engineer has the responsibility to assure that the Contractor
adheres to and complies with the responsibilities shown above and any
others required. If this is not done, other agencies will take over the DOT's
authority and responsibilities and fines and /or sanctions may follow. In
order to assure that this is not done, the Chief Engineer-Operations has set
out the EROSION CONTROI. POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. This document states
what is expected of the Technician and a copy is included in the appendix.
It dictates that periodic reviews must be made, a procedure must be
established to notify the Contractor of what is needed, a procedure must be
established for follow up inspections, and that establishment of an early
• stand of grass is essential.
The CONSTRUCTION MANUAL states in Article 107-13: "... It is
the policy of the Department of Transportation to prevent or
retain within the project limits all accumulations of silt and
other matter developed as a result of erosion within the project.
This same policy holds true for waste, borrow, and soil type
base material sources outside the right of way, to the extent that
all accumulations of erodible material will be confined to the
work site area...."
Other sections of the CONSTRUCTION MANUAL give guidance as to
what the Resident Engineer's responsibilities and authorities are. See
Article 225 for additional information.
In order to handle this responsibility and authority, certain plans and
reports need to be made. The plans are the erosion control plans that are
drawn up during the design phase of the project and are a part of the total
job. These plans are to be kept up to date by the erosion control J
coordinator by revising them as the devices are installed, changed, or
eliminated.
•
1 11-4
A weekly inspection is to be made of all devices to assure that they are
• working properly and are properly maintained. A copy of this inspection
report is included in this manual. The results of this inspection shall be
recorded in the Inspector's Daily Report and a list of the needed
corrections given to the Contractor for his immediate attention. A copy of
this list should also be given to the Resident Engineer. As the Contractor
makes the corrections listed, they should be marked off and dated. When
all items on the list are corrected, the completed list should be given to the
Resident Engineer so that he knows that the work has been done.
If it rains enough on the project to cause possible maintenance problems
with the erosion control devices, an inspection will be made immediately. It
is advisable to inspect the project during rains so that you can see how the
devices are working and spot any possible future problems. It is also
advisable to have the Contractor's representative with you during these
inspections. Immediate action should be taken to stop any off-site
sedimentation.
The Roadside Environmental Engineer will also make periodic inspections
of the job and make a report to the Resident Engineer. There should be a
follow-up on these reports to assure that any problems found are corrected
and any suggestions made are implemented.
• Remember you are the Resident Engineer's representative and erosion
control is up to you.
•
H -5
• EROSION CONTROL DEVICES AND INSTALLATION
PROCEDURES
One of the most important factors for a successful erosion and
sedimentation control plan is the timeliness of its installation. In order to
contain sediment on-site, the timing of erosion control device installation
must be coordinated with the progress of construction. Devices should be
installed before the area draining to them is disturbed, if possible. As
grading progresses and as drainage structures and inlets are installed, it is
important that erosion control devices be constructed in intermediate
phases to protect them from off-site sedimentation. This ensures that all
new outlets and/or modified drainage patterns are protected from causing
off-site sedimentation.
One of the most critical times for installing erosion control devices is at the
clearing and grubbing stage. Clearing and grubbing erosion and
sedimentation control plans should be available for most projects where
clearing is necessary. These plans are designed to protect from off-site
sedimentation by utilizing perimeter controls to intercept, divert, and/or
contain sediment-laden runoff to prevent off-site deposits. These plans
• address the first phase of construction and should be followed by
installation of the final plans as construction permits.
A very critical location on these projects during this stage is at or around
streams. Care should be taken to minimize disturbance to the natural
stream bank. Diversions should be placed on both sides of the channel to
intercept the runoff and divert it into devices to allow for entrapment of
the sediment before discharging it into the stream. In addition, vegetative
buffer zones (strips) adjacent to streams should be left in place until
construction progresses in that particular area. This will provide
protection to the stream from the cleared area until the work around the
stream begins.
Many times it is necessary to cross the stream in order for construction to
progress. When temporary stream crossings are required, special
precautions should be taken to limit the impact to the stream. Several
stream crossing options exist. They include lining the crossing with
acceptable size stone, forming a ford across the stream, placing temporary
pipes, fill and stone plating, and/or other acceptable methods of protecting
the equipment from coming in contact with the bare stream bottom.
Temporary stream crossings must be approved by the engineer and
• constructed from appropriate materials.
III -1
The most effective erosion control practice available is proper
• establishment of a good vegetative cover. It is important to establish
seeding and mulching as early as possible on graded surfaces as rg, ading
progresses rather than waiting until the entire slope is graded. Slopes
should be stage seeded in increments of 10 to 20 feet (3 to 7 meters) in
height. By preparing the seedbed on slopes in stages, the equipment can
more effectively prepare a proper seedbed. This practice of early
vegetation establishment minimizes the time of exposure and acreage of
disturbed areas, thus minimizing potential erosion and/or sedimentation
from these sites. This also ensures an established root mat when the project
is accepted and turned over to Maintenance.
•
•
III-2
0 EROSION CONTROL
DETAILS AND
SPECIFICATIONS
Std. # Description Symbol
1630.03 Temporary Silt Fence iii gig
1630.05 Temporary Silt Ditch Tso
1605.01
1622
01 Temporary Diversion --- To
'- '-
. Temporary Slope Drain
1630.01 Silt Basin Type-A
1630.02 Silt Basin Type-B
1633.01 Temporary Rock Silt Check Type-A
1633.02 Temporary Rock Silt Check Type-B
1634.01 Temporary Rock Sediment Dam Type-A
1634.02 Temporary Rock Sediment Dam Type-B U
1635.01 Rock Pipe Inlet Sediment Trap Type-A A
1635.02 Rock Pipe Inlet Sediment Trap Type-B B
1636.01 Rock Silt Screen
1630.04 Stilling Basin
LEJ
Rock Inlet Sediment Trap:
1632.01 Type-A A --OR -- A
1632.02 Type-B B ? -- OR -- B
• 1632.03 Type-C C Ej-. OR -• C
111-3

•
C7
C7
TEMPORARY SILT FENCE:
A temporary silt fence is commonly used at the toe of a fill section to prevent off-site
sedimentation. It is made of permeable filter fabric buried at the bottom, stretched, `and
supported by steel posts. The silt fence reduces the water flow while retammg the sediment.
They may also be used to divert water flow to protected outlets. Silt fences shall Its be installed
across streams, ditches, or waterways.
AREAS OF USE:
• At toe of fill sections where sediment runoff can be contained inside the protect limits.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
Material With Wire Without Wire
Fabric Type 3 Class A Type 3 Class B
Steel posts length 5 ft (15m) 5 ft. (1.5 m)
Wood post length 6 ft. (1.8 m) 6 ft. (1.8 m)
Post spacing 10 ft (3 m) 6 ft. (1.8 m) maximum
• Posts, woven wire, and wire staples shall meet the requirements of Section 1605-2 of the
Standard Specifications.
• Posts shall be installed so that no more than 3 ft. (1 m.) protrudes above the ground.
• Filter fabric shall be attached to woven wire by wine or other acceptable means.
• Filter fabric shall be overlapped a minimum of 18 in. (450 mm) at all splice joints
• Filter fabric shall be buried a minimum of 8 in. (200 mm) deep and soil properly tamped
• Proper filter fabric certifications are required to assure adherance to Specifications.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER.
• Installation of measure -
"Temporary Silt Fence.. ...... ... . ........... ............. L.F. (M)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ........... .. ......... ............. ...C.Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect silt fence on a regular basis and after each significant rainfall.
• Remove and dispose of silt accumulations at silt fence to prevent over-topping during
next rainfall.
• Remove and replace deteriorated or clogged silt fence.
A Silt fence removed for access must be replaced at the end of each day's operation.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Improper installation (bottom of fabric not buried or keyed-in properly)
• Failure due to installation across stream, ditches, waterways, and other areas which
receive concentrated flow.
• Excessive silt accumulations
• Knocked down or cut by fallen trees, excess water flows, or for work access
• Becoming clogged-up with silt particles
III-4
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111-5
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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS W 0
RALEIGH, N.C.
III - 6 METRIC
TSD
TEMPORARY SILT DITCH:
Temporary silt ditches are used at the toe of fill slopes to divert runoff into sediment basins,
temporary rock sediment dams, temporary rock silt checks, and/or other sedimentation control
measures Temporary silt ditches are approximately 1 ft. (350 mm) deep, 2:1 side slopes with an
optional earth berm. A temporary silt ditch may be used in place of silt fence in many situations
AREAS OF USE.
• Toe of fill slopes where fill exceeds 3 ft.(1 m.) in vertical height.
• Along streams to intercept flow and/or divert to a controlled outlet.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS: '
• Approximately 1 ft.(350 mm) deep.
• Side slopes approximately 2:1.
• Earth bens optional.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER.
• Excavation of device and silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation " ............................................ .................. ...C.Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Cleanout silt when silt ditch is one half full.
• Rebuild ditch daily when damaged by equipment or covered by fill
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Excessive silt accumulations
• May be difficult to access when fill is very high.
• Needs to exit at a protected outlet.
• Requires room for stockpiling silt cleanout matenal or material must be hauled off.

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-40- TD -f-
TEMPORARY DIVERSIONS:
• A temporary diversion is an excavated channel with a berm on the lower side (much like a
temporary silt ditch) used to direct sediment laden runoff into erosion control devices. They shall
be incorporated at the clearing and grubbing phase to temporarily control flow patterns until the
final drainage ways can be installed They may be used in coordination with other erosion and
sedimentation devices at drainage outlets to trap sediment.
AREAS OF USE:
• Across unprotected slopes
• Below slopes to divert excess runoff to sediment control measures.
• At or near perimeter of construction area to keep sediment from leaving site.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• 15 ft (450 mm) minimum depth
• Side slopes approximately 2.1.
• Earth berm optional.
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER:
• Excavation of device and silt cleanout of device-
"Silt Excavation .. ........ ....................................................... C. Y (M3).
MAINTENANCE:
• Cleanout silt when silt ditch is one half full.
• Rebuild ditch daily when damaged by equipment or covered by fill.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Excessive silt accumulations.
• May be difficult to access when fill is very high.
• Needs to exit at a protected outlet.
• Requires room for stockpiling silt cleanout material or material must be hauled off.

H140
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111 -12 METRIC
•
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TEMPORARY SLOPE DRAIN WITH EARTH BERM:
1( F-
A temporary slope drain is a flexible tubing or pipe used to carry concentrated runoff from the
top to the bottom of a cut or fill slope without causing erosion along the slope An earth berm is
an earth barrier designed to channel runoff into a number of erosion control devices A berm is
usually constructed with typical on-site material T -sections and elbows at the inlets are used to
intercept the directional flow of the runoff to protect the temporary slope drains from washouts
The pipe should be long enough to extend down the slope and turned into the ditch.
AREAS OF USE:
• At construction areas where storm water runoff above a cut or fill slope will cause
erosion if allowed to flow over a slope
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• T -section shall be used at inlet for multiple directional flow.
• Elbows shall be used at inlet for single directional flow
• Shall be installed in conjunction with grading and adjusted to coincide with height of
embankment as construction progresses
• Class B stone for erosion control or other erosion control measure is to be used at the
inlet or outlet of temporary slope drain pipe to slow flow and stop erosion
PAYMENT WILL BE MADE UNDER:
• Installation of measure-
"Temporary Slope Drain" .... ......... ........ ................. L.F. (M)
"Inlet Protection at Temporary Slope Drain" .. ......... ... E A.
MAINTENANCE.
• Inspect slope drains after each significant rainfall.
• Rebuild earth berms and inlets that have weakened due to scouring.
• Rebuild slope drains as fill is built, at approximately each 2 feet (600 mm) of height.
• Rebuild or repair slope drains if needed when seeding and mulching is performed
PROBLEM AREAS'
• Slope drains that empty off-site without passing water through a temporary erosion
control measure such as a silt ditch, silt basin, rock silt check, etc.
• Washes under or around (piping) inlet where earth material is not compacted properly
• Pipe is too short
• Pipe is leaking at points or not properly connected together.
• Outlet ends of pipes clogged or under silt so that flow cannot continue
• Silt basins, when built at top of slope drain, can contribute to problems of piping around
inlet.
III-13
•

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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION 1-1N
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS AND SLOPE DRAIN , cv
RALEIGH, N.C
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III-14
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NORTH CAROLINA GUIDE FOR TEMPORARY U.
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION ° N
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS BERMS AND SLOPE DRAINS r cV
RALEIGH, N.C.
r
111 -15 METRIC
-0
•
SILT BASIN TYPE-A:
A silt basin type-A is an earth embankment used to capture sediment and prevent it from
entering off-site streams, lakes, and drainage ways. Type-A silt basms are designed to be utilized
at drainage turnouts that serve a large drainage area. A perforated riser pipe with sediment
control stone around it is used to allow water to escape after reaching a specific level which
_allows for sediment to collect in the bottom of the basin. An overflow spillway, usually lined
with class-B erosion control stone, is provided to control the runoff that exceeds the riser
capacity. It is often used as a final sediment collector prior to runoff exiting construction sites.
AREAS OF USE:
• Those areas where other erosion control devices are not adequate due to large drainage
areas or concentrated flow to prevent off-site sedimentation
•
is
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• Maximum height - 8 ft. (2.7 m)
• Basin design life - 3 years or less.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or #57 stone.
• Barrel size - minimum of 15 inches (375 mm)for corrugated metal pipe.
• Embankment and surrounding areas should be stabilized with vegetation following
installation.
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• Installation of measure -
"Silt Excavation" . .... .......... ......... ....... ........ .C.Y. (M3)
is Inch Perforated C.S. Pipe Tee Riser, _ Thick" ........ ........EA.
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ............................ ... ..................... .C.Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect basin after each significant rainfall.
• Check embankment, emergency spillway, and outlet for erosion damage.
• Inspect riser for proper operation
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Spillway and/or embankment eroded due to inadequate vegetation or side slopes being
too steep.
• Elevation of riser pipe and emergency spillway too high relative to top of dam.
• Lack of anti-flotation measure on riser.
• Inadequate outlet protection on riser pipe.
• No access provided for cleanout
• No stockpile area for silt cleanout material
• Basin too large for equipment to reach middle for cleanuig out silt.
III-16
•
•
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS r M
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111-18
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DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION N O
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS W
RALEIGH, N.C. _ L-
111-20 METRIC

SILT BASIN TYPE-B:
A silt basin type-B is a temporary basin built to collect sediment flowing through a drainage
way. The silt basin is built at the base of the ditch with its length being at least 2 times the width
of the basin. The type-B silt basin is generally built in conjunction with temporary rock silt
checks and other devices that control or slow down water flow. Thus device must be monitored
closely and cleaned out on a regular basis until grass is established along the ditch line and
sedimentation is no longer a problem.
AREAS OF USE:
• In conjunction with temporary rock silt checks and other devices used in drainage
ditches.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• Width - variable (should be wide enough to allow water flow to slow).
• Length - at least 2 times width.
• Depth - 2 ft. (600 mm) minimum
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• Installation of measureand silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation ................................................................ C.Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• • Inspect basin after each significant rainfall.
• Basin should be cleaned out when approximately one half full.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Inadequate basin capacities basins are not constructed to dimensions specified on plans.
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed.
• Basins built in ditch lines in sandy souls may cause sloughing of slopes.
• Erosion occurring at inlet end when basin is too deep.
• Presents a safety problem if basins are too deep.
• May present problems with the grade of water is allowed to stay in them and saturate
area.
•
111-21
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR !V
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NORTH CAROLINA SILT BASIN TYPE
B
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION M
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS F
RALEIGH, N.C.
111-23 METRIC
TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECK TYPE-A:
is A temporary rock silt check type-A is a small dam structure with a weir outlet to be used in
drainage ditches where they outlet off-site or into streams. Type-A temporary rock silt checks
shall be used in the same locations and built in the same manner as the temporary rock sediment
dams. The type-A temporary rock silt check, however, does not have a defined sediment pit but
utilizes a natural formed pit as a silt storage area. The type-A temporary rock silt check utilizes
Class B stone lined with sediment control stone in conjunction with a naturally formed storage
area to trap sediment.
AREAS OF USE:
• At outlets of temporary diversions, temporary silt ditches, channels, and temporary slope
drains.
• In locations where they can be easily cleaned and maintained.
• In locations where runoff is exiting the construction site.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
• Side slopes - 2:1 (or flatter).
• Structural stone - class B stone.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or #57 stone.
• Length of apron - approximately 3 tunes height.
• PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class-B" ........................... TON (MM)
"Sediment Control Stone" ....................................... TON (MIN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" . ........................... ...................... ..C.Y (M3)
MAINTENANCE.
• Inspect after each significant rainfall.
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the height of the weir section.
• Replace or clean sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device
between rainfall events.
• Rebuild and reshape rock weir and dam when the device is damaged.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed.
• Rock structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc.
• Rock weirs are not constructed properly.
• Rock silt checks are constructed higher than drainage ditch causing water to flow around
the measure and erode ditch.
• • Rock structure is not built wide enough to intercept ditch slope at top of dam.
III-24

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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION M
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
RALEIGH, N.C.
III-25
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DEPT OF TRANSPOR
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS SILT CHECK TYPE 'A' , co)
RALEIGH, N.C.
111-26 METRIC
TEMPORARY ROCK SILT CHECK TYPE-B:
• A temporary rock silt check type-B (also called check dam) is a small dam with a weir used to
reduce gullying in drainage ditches that are to be filled or permanently stabilized at a later date.
These type-B rock silt checks help reduce the flow velocity and are generally made of class-B
stone They are used in ditches during construction where the grade meets and/or exceeds 3%.
AREAS OF USE:
• In channels, roadside ditch outlets, temporary silt ditches, and temporary diversions.
• In conjunction with type-B silt basins.
• In channels where sandy soil prolubits the use of type-B silt basins
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
• Center of rock silt check shall be at least 1 foot lower than the outer edges (top of
channel sides)
• The spacing (ft) = (3/ % of ditch grade) X 100 ft.
or
The spacing (in = (3 /.% of ditch grade) X 30 m.
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• Installation of measure -
• "Stone for Erosion Control Class-B" ........ .... ..........TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
,Silt Excavation" .... ................................... ........ . ............ .. CX (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates.
• Rebuild and reshape structure and weir when damaged.
• Ceeanout when clogged by straw, limbs, or other debris.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Rock structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc..
• Rock weir sections are not constructed properly.
• Rock silt checks are constructed higher than drainage ditch causing water to flow around
the measure and erode ditch
• Not built wide enough to intercept ditch slope at top of check dam
•
111-27
•
•
11

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III-28
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR cm
NORTH CAROLINA TEMPORARY ROCK o
DEPT.
TRANSPORTATION ' co)
DIVISION OF HIGHW YS SILT CHECK TYPE `8' W M
RALEIGH, N.C.

111-29 METRIC
• TEMPORARY ROCK SEDIMENT DAM TYPE-A:
A temporary rock sediment dam type-A is a large dam structure with a weir outlet that forms a
storage area behind it Type-A rock sediment dams utilize nprap lined with sediment control
stone to detain sediment laden runoff and trap sediment to protect off-site property. They shall
be used at sites where an embankment can be designed to keep outflow shallow and discharge
velocities low They are designed to be utilized at drainage turnouts that serve a large drainage
area They work in much the same way as the silt basin type-A, except they utilize a stone
spillway instead of a perforated riser section
AREAS OF USE
• At large drainage turnouts that serve large drainage areas
• At natural drainage turnouts that form small "valleys".
• In areas accessible for periodic sediment removal
• At edge of right of way out of the construction area
DESIGN CRITERIA.
• Dam height- 8 ft (2 4 m) maximum
• Side slopes for stone- 2:1 upstream min , 3.1 downstream min.
• Length of apron (below weir)- approximately equal to height of dam
• Structural stone- class I nprap
• • Sediment control stone- # 5 or # 57 stone
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER
• Installation of measure -
"Class I Riprap" . TON (MTN)
"Sediment Control Stone ....... .. .... ... ... TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ... .. C Y (M3)
MAIN'T'ENANCE.
• Inspect after each significant rainfall.
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
dam
• Replace or clean sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device
between rainfall events
• Rebuild and reshape rock weir and dam when the device is damaged
• Cleanout when clogged by straw, limbs, or other debris
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc
• • Rock weirs are not constructed properly.
• Stone is not cleaned or replaced when clogged-up
• Stone is not tied into slopes
111-30
•
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STATE OF ENGLISH STANDARD DRAWING FOR *-
NORTH CAROLINA TEMPORARY ROCK SEDIMENT DAM TYPE 'A' "o
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION o
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
RALEIGH, N.C.
III-31
•
•

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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS
RALEIGH, N.C.
METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR
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III-32
METRIC
• TEMPORARY ROCK SEDIMENT DAM TYPE-B:
A temporary rock sediment dam type-B is a small dam structure with a weir outlet and a built-in
sediment basin Type-B temporary rock sediment dams shall be used in drainage ditches to
detain sediment-laden runoff and to trap sediment to protect receiving streams and adjacent
property The type-B temporary rock sediment dams utilize class-B stone lined with sediment
control stone in conjunction with a built in basin to trap sediment. They shall not be used in live
streams.
AREAS OF USE:
• At outlets of temporary diversions, temporary silt ditches, channels, and temporary slope
drains.
• In locations where the dam can be cleaned and maintained on a regular basis.
• In locations where runoff is exiting the construction site
• In small natural drainage turnouts.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
• Side slopes - 2 :1 (or flatter)
• Structural stone - class B stone.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or #57 stone.
• Length of apron - approximately height of dam
• PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class B " ... .................. .... TON (MIN)
"Sediment Control Stone " .................... ...................TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" . .............. .... C.Y (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall.
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
dam
• Replace sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device between
rainfall events
• Rebuild and reshape rock weir and dam when the device is damaged.
• Cleanout when clogged by straw, limbs, or other debris.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc .
• Rock weirs are not constructed properly
• • Stone is not cleaned or replaced when clogged-up.
• Stone is not tied into slopes
III-33

•
•
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NORTH CAROLINA TEMPORARY ROCK S EDIMENT DAM TYPE 'B'
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION et
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS c?
RALEIGH, N.C.
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR N
NORTH CAROLINA TEMPORARY ROCK o 0
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS SEDIMENT DAM TYPE 'B' M
RALEIGH, N C.
111-35 METRIC
A °
• ROCK PIPE SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE-A:
A rock pipe sediment trap type -A is a horseshoe shaped structure with a built-in sediment
storage area around the outside perimeter of the structure. The type-A rock pipe sediment trap
shall be used at pipe mlets no larger than 36 inches in diameter where it is receiving flow from
several directions. The type-A rock pipe sediment trap utilizes class B stone lined with sediment
control stone to protect drainage pipe structures by trapping sediment before it enters. If
required, a sediment storage pit may be designed by the same procedures as a silt basin.
AREAS OF USE:
• At mlets to pipes no larger than 36 inches (90 mm) in diameter where it receives flow
from several directions
• In areas where it can be cleaned and maintained on a regular basis.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
• Structural stone - class-B stone.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or #57 stone.
• Dam height - 18 in. (450 mm) minimum
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class B" ............................TON (MTN)
• "Sediment Control Stone" . . . ........ ............... TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ............... ................ .. ........... ............... ... C Y (M3)
MAWMNANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall.
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
device.
• Replace sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device between
rainfall events.
• Cleanout when clogged by straw, limbs, or other debris.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed causing silt to enter storm system.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc.
• Stone is not cleaned or replaced when clogged-up
• Stone is not tied into slopes.
is
111-36
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STATE OF ENGLISH STANDARD DRAWING FOR
NORTH CAROLINA ROCK PIPE INLET SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE 'A'
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS M
RALEIGH, N.C.
111-37
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR C
NORTH CAROLINA ROCK PIPE INLET
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION ?tA
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE 'A' M
RALEIGH, N.C.

111-38 METRIC
•
i
•
ROCK PIPE SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE-B:
B
a
A rock pipe sediment trap type-B is a horseshoe shaped structure with a built-in sediment
storage area around the outside perimeter of the structure. The type-B rock pipe sediment trap
shall be used at pipe inlets no larger than 18 inches in diameter where it is receiving flow from
several directions. The type-B rock pipe sediment trap utilizes class B stone lined with sediment
control stone to protect drainage pipe structures by trapping sediment before it enters If required
a sediment storage pit may be designed by the same procedures as a silt basin.
AREAS OF USE
• At inlets to pipes no larger than 18 inches in diameter where it receives flow from several
directions.
• In areas where it can be cleaned and maintained on a regular basis
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS
• Structural stone - class-A stone.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or #57 stone
• Dam height - 15 ft (450 mm) minimum.
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class A"
"Sediment Control Stone"
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ..
TON (MTN)
.TON (MTN)
.. ................. CX (MTN)
MAINTENANCE.
• Inspect after each significant rainfall
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
device.
• Replace sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device between
rainfall events.
• Cleanout when clogged by straw, limbs, or other debris.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed causing silt to enter storm system.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc
• Stone is not cleaned or replaced when clogged-up
• Stone is not tied into slopes
III-39
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DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS W
RALEIGH, N.C.
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR !V
NORTH CAROLINA ROCK PIPE INLET O
DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE
RALEIGH, N.C.
111 -41 METRIC
ROCK SILT SCREEN:
• A rock silt screen is a low-level dam structure to be used in streams below culvert sites. Rock
silt screens shall be used to trap sediment transported by running water and shall be placed in the
stream below the construction site within the right-of-way or easement boundary. The rock silt
screen utilizes class B stone lined with sediment control stone to produce a ripple effect in the
stream to settle the larger sediment particles transported in the stream from the construction site.
The trapped sediment shall be cleaned out during a low-flow time before the device is removed
from the stream. Ceeanout should begin at device and continue upstream
AREAS OF USE:
• In live streams below construction sites where construction occurs in or adjacent to the
stream
• In live streams below a culvert construction site
• Where it can be cleaned before it is removed from the stream.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• Structural stone - class B stone
• Sediment control stone - # 5 or # 57 stone
• Dam height- 15 ft. (450 mm) minimum and 3 ft. (900 mm) maximum (shall not be
higher than 1 ft.(300 mm) above normal flow of stream)
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• • Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class B" . ... .. ....... ... TON (MTN)
"Sediment Control Stone" .... ..... ..... .... 'I'ON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ................................... .... ......... ...... C.Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall.
• Remove silt accumulations from device when silt is about half to the top of the device
and before the device is removed from the stream.
• Rebuild and reshape rock weir and dam when the device is damaged
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Device is used as only protection and other devices which protect the stream are not
installed.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc.
• Silt accumulations are not removed before device is removed.
• Sediment control stone is not clean when placed in the stream.
• May cause elevation rise of water in the construction site.
111-42
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NORTH CAROLINA ROCK SILT SCREEN
DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS cl
W
RALEIGH, N.C. =T-
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111-43
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STATE OF METRIC STANDARD DRAWING FOR

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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION - co
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS n th
RALEIGH
N C.
-
, ?
111 -44 METRIC
LPJ
• STILLING BASIN:
A stilling basin is a rectangular shaped basin formed by mounded soil with a permeable stone
drain (constructed of sediment control stone) located in the outlet end. A stilling basin is used
where water is pumped from construction sites Sediment laden water is pumped into earth
dikes, collected, and allowed to drain back to the receiving stream An 8 inch (200 mm) pipe is
used as an overflow pipe to avoid washouts.
AREAS OF USE:
• At culvert construction sites where streams are diverted.
• At construction sites where sediment laden water must first be filtered before returning to
natural streams.
• Where water is pumped from coffer dams
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS.
• Minimum diameter of overflow pipe - 8 inches (200 mm).
• Material for overflow pipe - any DOT approved pipe material
• Height of earth dikes not to exceed 4 feet (12 m)
• Stilling basin size is variable and dependent on site requirements.
• Guide for size of basin - should be 1/2 the volume of the site to be pumped.
• Volume of basin is only that which is above ground water elevation.
• • May have to use filter cloth or other plastic to prevent washing
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER:
• Installation of measure -
"Stilling Basin" . •- .••...... ...... ... ....C Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE.
• Inspect overflow pipe and stone drain for proper operation after each day's use.
• Remove silt accumulations from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin
capacity
• Stabilize earth embankment with temporary mulch, temporary seed, etc.
• Clean or replace sediment control stone as needed
• Remove straw and other debris when needed.
TyPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Silt accumulations are not removed thus reducing basin capacity and efficiency
• Effluent entering device too near the outlet
• Basin does not drain due to clogged filter stone on permeable drain
• Effluent erodes ditch into stream.
• Discharge from large pumps erode basin bottom causing suspended silt and sediments
• Sediment control stone not keyed into natural ground allowing water to wash under the
stone drain.
111-45
C7
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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION ? O
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS M
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N.C. = ca
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111-46

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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION p
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS r M
RALEIGH, N.C. = trD
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111-47 METRIC
i ALEJ] --OR --A))
ROCK INLET SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE-A:
• A rock inlet sediment trap type-A is a doughnut shaped dam structure with a built-in sediment
storage area around the outside perimeter of the structure The type-A rock inlet sediment trap
shall be used at drop inlets which have a large drainage area or receive high velocity water flow
and utilize a built-in silt storage area around the drop inlet Type-A rock inlet sediment trap
utilizes class B stone lured with sediment control stone to trap sediment before it enters the drop
inlet. They shall be used far enough away from the traffic lane so as not to cause a safety
problem. The type-A rock inlet sediment trap can be modified to protect one side if the drop
inlet is receiving flow from only one direction
AREAS OF USE:
• At drop inlets which receive heavy flow from one or several directions
• At least 30 ft (9 m) from the travel lane.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS'
• Structural Stone - Class B stone
• Sediment Control Stone - # 5 or # 57 stone
• Dam height - 2 ft. (600 mm) minimum
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class B" ..TON (MTN)
"Sediment Control Stone " ......... ........... ... ... TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ..C Y (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
device.
• Replace or clean sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device
between rainfall events
• Rebuild and reshape device when damaged.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed causing silt to enter storm system
• Sediment control stone becomes clogged and device does not drain properly.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc
• Device not built wide enough to prevent water from washing around (Water should
always flow through or over the device - not around )
•
111-48
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DEPT. OF TRANSPORTATION -cm
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS M
RALEIGH, N.C.
III-49
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DEPT OF TRANSPORTATION ? N
DIVISION OF HIGHWAYS SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE 'A' M
RALEIGH, N.C.
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111-50 METRIC

B OR -- B )
ROCK INLET SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE-B:
• A rock inlet sediment trap type-B is a small doughnut shaped dam structure constructed around
the drop inlet or catch basin. The type-B rock inlet sediment trap shall be used at drop inlets
where a type-A rock inlet sediment trap device would be unsafe due to adjacent traffic flow
and/or where flow velocities are too large for type-C rock inlet sediment trap or silt fence. The
type-B rock inlet sediment trap utilizes class A stone, lined with sediment control stone, to
detain sediment laden water long enough to settle silt particles. The type-B rock inlet sediment
trap can be modified to protect one side if the drop inlet is receiving flow from only one
direction
AREAS OF USE:
• At drop inlets which receive moderate to heavy flow from one or several directions
• In areas where a type-A would be unsafe due to traffic
• Around catch basins in curb and gutter sections
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS'
• Structural Stone - Class A stone
• Sediment Control Stone - #5 or #57 stone
• Height - 15 feet (450 mm) minimum
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• • Installation of measure -
"Stone for Erosion Control Class A "... .. . .. ..TON (MTN)
"Sediment Control Stone" TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" ...... .... C.Y (M3)
MAINTENANCE
• Inspect after each significant rainfall
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the basin area formed by the
device
• Replace sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device between
rainfall events
• Rebuild and reshape device when damaged
TYPICAL PROBLEMS.
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed causing silt to enter storm system.
• Sediment control stone becomes clogged and device does not drain properly
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc
• Device not built wide enough to prevent water from washing around. (Water should
always flow through or over the device - not around )

111-51
•
•
E
0 N `H0131VU ? N
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•
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? -OR 'C
ROCK INLET SEDIMENT TRAP TYPE-C:
A rock inlet sediment trap type-C is a hardware cloth device with a small doughnut shaped
stone structure at the base of the hardware cloth Type-C drop inlet sediment trap shall be used at
drop inlets where flow velocities are too fast for silt fence alone. The type-C rock inlet sediment
trap utilizes sediment control stone in conjunction with hardware cloth and may also be used in
conjunction with silt basins. The type-C rock inlet sediment trap can be modified to protect one
side if the drop inlet is receiving flow from only one direction
AREAS OF USE.
• Around drop inlets wluch receive light to moderate flow from one or several directions
• Around catch basins in curb and gutter sections.
CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS:
• Height of stone - 1 ft. (300 mm) minimum.
• Height of wire mesh - 2 ft. (600 mm) minimum.
• Wire mesh size - 1/4 inch (6 mm) mesh.
• Posts - (standard silt fence post) 5 ft. (1.5 m) high and shall meet the requirements of
section 1632-2 of the Standard Specifications.
• Sediment control stone - #5 or # 57 stone.
PAYMENT WILL BE PAID UNDER.
• Installation of measure -
"114 " (6 mm) Hardware Cloth"............ ........ ............... L.F (M)
"Sediment Control Stone ".. . .......... ... ..... ...... .....TON (MTN)
• Silt cleanout of device -
"Silt Excavation" . ............ .. ...... ............. ...... C Y. (M3)
MAINTENANCE:
• Inspect after each significant rainfall
• Remove silt from device when silt accumulates to one-half the height of the sediment
control stone
• Replace sediment control stone when water no longer drains through the device between
rainfall events.
• Rebuild and reshape device when damaged.
TYPICAL PROBLEMS:
• Silt accumulations are not removed when needed causing silt to enter storm system.
• Sediment control stone becomes clogged and device does not drain properly.
• Structure is not rebuilt when damaged by storms, equipment, etc.
• Device not built wide enough to prevent water from washing around (Water should
always flow through or over the device - not around )
III-54

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. LOCATION OF DEVICES
Plans
As has been stated earlier in this manual, the erosion control plans have
been designed and drawn just like the roadway and structure plans and
they must be given the same attention and importance. Many factors
have been taken into account, such as topography, hydrology, desired
trapping efficiency for a certain designed storm, sensitivity of the site,
etc. Inspections of the site and knowledge of the erosion and
sedimentation control devices and their uses make the designer and
their advisers the most capable people to decide what measure is best
for each location. The location and size of each device have been given
careful consideration by the Roadside Environmental Unit and are
designed to stop and/or control the anticipated erosion in the area.
The devices are designed to slow down the water flow in ditches and
along roadway sections so that the silt will either settle out or it will be
filtered out. This also reduces the cutting effect of fast moving water.
The size of the devices is such that it will be able to handle the volume
of water it will receive and slow it enough to be effective. However,
these devices are not normally placed in active streams because we do
not want to restrict the flow of "clean" water.
For these reasons it is important that each device be placed as close as
possible to the location shown on the plans and be built to the designed
size. This is because we have a responsibility to keep the surrounding
area clean and because the Land Quality representative will expect all
of these erosion control measures to be installed as shown on the plans.
After all, what good is a plan if it is not followed?
Reclamation Plans
In addition to the erosion control plan discussed above, the Contractor
develops and designs erosion and sedimentation control plans used on
the project. They are the plans to control erosion in the borrow pits
and on the waste areas. They are a three-way contract between the
Contractor, the property owner, and the State. They are called
Reclamation Plans and become as much a part of the original contract
as the original plans. These plans show what exists now, what is
planned, and how the area will be left.

IV -1
In March 1989, the Department of Environment, Health and Natural
• Resources (DEHNR) expressed concern over the quality of the ground
cover being established and maintained on borrow and waste sites utilized
in conjunction with projects constructed by contract for the Department
of Transportation. While the quality of the ground cover was adequate at
the time of the final inspection, incidences were occurring where long-
term serviceability was absent. It was agreed that DOT needed to improve
their procedures. NCDOT currently enjoys an exemption from the
Mining Act of 1971 that would require a mining permit for each borrow
site.
Representatives of DEHNR make annual inspections of our waste and
borrow sites on behalf of the State Mining Commission to check for the
compliance and adequacy of the reclamation plans. The borrow and waste
sites are checked for adequate sediment and erosion control measures,
slope stability, buffer zones, revegetation, and implementation of the
approved plans. It is important that each of these items be accomplished
and properly maintained so that we may continue to be exempted from
the Mining Act.
The Resident Engineer on each project has the responsibility to review,
correct, approve, and distribute the reclamation plans for each site. We
are to continuously monitor each borrow and waste site to ensure that all
requirements of the plans are carried out through the life of the project.
The borrow and waste sites are to be stage seeded with the same
frequency that we seed our cuts, fills, and shoulders. If changes are made
that materially affect the pit or the erosion control measures, revised
plans will be required.
The drainage must be addressed so that it will essentially remain the same
down stream as before the area was used. No pocket of water can be left
unless it has an average of four feet of water and is agreed to by
everyone. Slopes are to be no steeper than 2:1 and must be retainable with
vegetation. All erosion must be retained within the site at all times. In
most instances several other agencies need to review the area and the
plans and approve before the State agrees with the plan. The areas and
pits must be left with permanent erosion controls in place. A set of the
requirements and reclamation plans on a borrow pit and on a waste area
is included in Appendix C.
•
IV -2
0 Adapting to Field Conditions
Most projects have two sets of erosion control plans, one on devices to
be installed during the clearing and grubbing operations and one that is
for the job during the time when the fills are up and the earth is in
place and as a final result. But because of construction phases and field
conditions, some minor adjustments will normally be necessary.
However, care must be taken to assure that you know who can make
what changes and not overstep your authority. You may not know or
understand the full reason and design of each device.
In order for us to be able to show that DOT has the ability and` desire
to design, adapt and install an effective erosion control system on our
projects, we must keep UP-TO-DATE erosion control plans. These
plans show what has been installed, what has been changed (added,
deleted, or moved), and who gave permission for the change. The date
the permission was given and any additional notes of explanation should
also be included. These UP-TO-DATE plans must be kept on each
project regardless of the size or scope. The reasons to keep the plans so
current are to assure that each device is in place and none have been
overlooked, that any revisions made have been properly authorized and
dated, and to show the Land Quality section inspector that we can and
are doing what we have said we would do to control erosion on the
project.
These plans will be checked and reviewed during an In-Depth-
Erosion-Control-Inspection by the Construction Unit and possibly
by the Roadside Environmental Engineer, and DEHNR Engineers
during their inspections. They can also serve as a check to the pay
record books to assure that proper payment is made.
Be sure that no changes are made unless the proper person has
authorized it as denoted in the Chief Engineer's memorandum, dated
March 15, 1991, Modifications to Erosion Control Plans as
pointed out earlier in this manual. The memorandum from the Chief
Engineer-Operations (Modifications to Erosion Control Plans) is
included in Appendix A.
Should Changes Be Made?
Keep in mind that the Sedimentation Pollution Control Act is
performance oriented. So the question is: "Does it work and is it
needed?" Erosion control measures on a construction site must be
C7
IV -3
• effective in controlling erosion and in preventing off site sedimentation
for the project to be in compliance. Even following the plans and
installing the devices as shown may not be enough. So look at each site
to see if additional devices are needed. Always look ahead to see if
erosion can be stopped before it occurs.
Final Results
The end result is to have a site that has the proper final devices
installed, the vegetation and trees established, and all earth protected
from eroding. This point needs to be reached as early as possible on as
many areas of the project as possible. If no erosion and/or
sedimentation occurs, then it doesn't have to be caught or controlled.
The earlier the vegetation is planted the sooner the area is less erodible
and the more root mat will be established when the project is accepted
and turned over to the Maintenance Department. This also benefits the
Contractor because of reduced slope maintenance for the remainder of
the project.
•

IV -4
• BUFFER ZONES
Many highway projects in North Carolina involve construction over and/or
adjacent to streams. When this situation occurs care shall be taken to
minimize the extent and duration of disruption to the stream channel,
stream banks, and buffer zone. A buffer zone is defined as the strip of
land between a lake, natural watercourse, or wetlands and the land-
disturbing activity. It is important to maintain an undisturbed buffer zone
around streams for a period of time as long as the scope of construction
allows.
At locations where it is necessary to disturb the buffer zone, erosion and
sediment control devices must be installed before construction to stop or
minimize the amount of sediment lost downstream during construction.
This must include, but not necessarily be limited to, temporary sediment
dams, temporary silt check dams, temporary diversions, silt ditches, silt
fences, and silt basins.
Buffer Zones Around Trout Streams:
More stringent requirements are enacted when performing work
• around trout streams. The requirements for buffer zones adjacent to
trout waters are outlined as follows:
1) A 25 foot (7.6 m) minimum undisturbed buffer
zone, measured horizontally from top of bank, is
required.
2) Where temporary disturbance is permitted, land
disturbance shall be limited to 10 percent of total
length of buffer zone.
3) No land disturbing activity shall be undertaken
within a buffer zone which will cause adverse
temperature fluctuations.
It is important for the Department to take measures to prevent erosion of
fill slopes and to provide temporary and permanent erosion and sediment
control devices sufficient to stop or limit siltation of all streams By
minimizing the extent and duration of disturbance around the stream and
by leaving an undisturbed buffer zone where and when feasible, NCDOT
will fulfill its commitment to protect streams from off-site sedimentation.
•
V-
• WETLANDS
Wetlands are defined as lands that are continually, seasonally, or
periodically submerged by surface water for at least 15 days and which
support emergent, submerged, or floating aquatic plants. There are five
basic types of wetlands: Tidal Marshes, Non Tidal Marshes, Swamps,
Bogs, and Submerged Grasses.
Wetlands have many valuable functions that directly and indirectly affect
our everyday lives:
1. They provide food supply to a large array of animals (micro-
organisms, invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals, and reptiles).
2. They purify water by filtering out suspended material and utilize
dissolved contaminates for plant growth and development.
3. They provide flood control by storing and detaining storm
water.
4. They provide ground water recharge for underground water
supplies. -
5. They control shore erosion in sheltered areas of creeks, bays,
and lakes.
As we realize the importance of wetlands, we must strive to protect them
by implementing and enforcing stringent erosion control practices. The
guidelines that shall apply when working along wetlands are as follows:
1. Take extra precautions to trap sediment by placing temporary
rock sediment dams (type-B) in ditches before runoff water
enters wetlands.
2. Pipe flows exiting directly into wetlands require rock inlet
sediment traps or other devices at inlets to trap sediment before
it enters the pipe system.
3. Place silt fence or temporary silt ditches outside slope stake lines
before construction of fills to trap sediment or divert it into
other trapping devices.
It is important to understand what a wetland is and its many valuable
functions. It is also important to follow proper procedures and policies by
obtaining the required permits from the regulating agency in your area.
The department needs to protect these quality areas with stringent erosion
and sedimentation control measures. By following the above mentioned
guidelines, NCDOT can become a contributing factor to environmental
protection and wetland preservation.
V-2
HIGH QUALITY WATERS
High quality waters (HQW) are waters with quality higher than the standards.
These waters are rated as excellent on biological and physical/chemical
characteristics designated by the Wildlife Resources Commission, Marine
Fisheries Commission, and the Department of Agriculture. Water Supply waters,
such as those classified WS-1 or WS-II, and Class SA tidal salt waters are also
classified as high quality waters. Outstanding resource waters (ORW) are
considered unique and special waters of exceptional recreational or ecological
significance and are a special subset of high quality waters.
For sedimentation control purposes the Department is concerned mainly with
land disturbance within high quality water zones. High quality water zones are
defined as areas in the coastal counties which are within 575 feet of a HQW. In
the remainder of the state, the high quality water zones are areas within one mile
and drain into a HQW. To check the current status of any stream or for a
determination of the exact high quality water zone limit, contact the Area
Roadside Environmental Engineer.
In these sensitive watersheds the sedimentation control design standards are more
stringent and require higher settling efficiencies. The design criteria of the
devices in this manual willJsatisfy the design standard required by the high quality
i water regulations. There are five basic design standard changes which would be
incorporated into the erosion control procedure for HQW zones and are as
follows:
1. Uncovered areas are limited at any given time to a maximum total area of 20
acres. (However, for NCDOT the limit is 17 acres.)
2. Erosion and sedimentation control measures shall be designed to provide
protection from the 25-year storm.
3. Large type-A basins shall be designed and constructed with a settling
efficiency of at least 70% for the 40 micron soil particle size transported by
runoff from the 2-year storm.
4. Newly constructed channels shall be constructed with side slopes no steeper
than 2:1, unless slopes are to be stabilized by methods other than vegetation.
5. A ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion must be provided for any
portion of the project within 15 working days or 60 calendar days following
completion of any portion of the project.
Since the emphasis on environmental protection is prevalent now and most likely
throughout the 1990's, it is important that NCDOT's overall awareness of high
quality water protection be extended throughout the work force. By following
these more stringent design standards, NCDOT will be able to construct and
maintain highways while maintaining a safe and healthy environment.
0 -
V-3
• ENDANGERED SPECIES
Endangered species are plant and animal species that are faced with the
danger of extinction due to such detrimental factors as disease, adverse
environmental conditions, and loss of suitable habitat areas.
There are various populations of endangered species which exist
throughout North Carolina that are State and Federally listed wildlife
species. These species have been granted protection by the United States
Fish and Wildlife Service under the Federal Endangered Species Act and/or
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission under the State
Endangered Species Act. Extreme care shall be taken to design and
implement stringent sedimentation and erosion control measures to help
protect these endangered or threatened species.
The guidelines that shall apply when working near endangered
species habitat areas are as follows:
1. Designate areas on the plans and on site if possible where
endangered species exist as Critical Habitat Areas.
2. Prepare erosion control plans utilizing High Quality Waters
(HQW) design standards.
3. Install erosion control measures such as silt ditches,
diversions, temporary rock sediment dams (type-B), etc. to
trap sediment in areas where runoff water is leaving the
project.
4. Coordinate the installation of the appropriate erosion
control measures to correspond with each phase of
construction.
5. Install barriers such as forest protection fences to prevent
physical damage to protected species and/or habitat areas by
equipment and personnel. ,
The Department is committed to preserving North Carolina's natural
resources and places special emphasis on the protection of the state's
endangered plant and animal population. Therefore, it is extremely
important that the highest priority be given to design and implementation
of stringent sedimentation and erosion control measures. Construction and
maintenance activities adjacent to critical habitat areas should be carefully
planned to provide the maximum protection possible for the endangered
species.
V-4
• EROSION CONTROL POLICY
AND PROCEDURES
FOR
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Preconstruction Activity
The Resident Engineer is expected to review the erosion control
plans with the inspection technician and engineering personnel who will be
assigned to the project. This review should be accomplished prior to the
preconstruction conference such that any questions raised may be properly
and expeditiously answered so a complete understanding of the plans is
presented to the Contractor. This review shall be conducted by the Resident
Engineer. The Area Roadside Environmental Engineer is to be asked to
participate in the Resident Engineer's review of the plans with his project
staff whenever the contract contains phased erosion control plans. If there
are questions as to concept, intent, phasing, etc., the Roadside
. Environmental Unit in the Central Office should be consulted to obtain
necessary clarification.
Preconstruction Conference
The Division Engineer shall include the Regional Land Quality
Engineer on the list of invited attendees for preconstruction conferences
for projects involving significant land disturbing activities. As a part of the
conference activity, erosion control shall be discussed in depth. It is
important that Subcontractors that disturb land as a part of their operations
also attend the preconstruction conference. Particular emphasis shall be
placed on the expectations of the Department with regard to individual and
corporate attitudes toward erosion control. The Contractor and
Subcontractors should understand at the conclusion of the erosion control
discussion that the Department will demand timely implementation of each
erosion control measure or activity and that failure to respond in such a
manner may lead to sanctions imposed under the provisions of Article 102-
16 and/or Article 107-13 of the Standard Specifications.
•
A-1
0 Beginning of Construction
For each project involving land disturbing activities of one acre or
more, the Resident Engineer shall notify the Regional Land Quality
Engineer when construction has begun. As a part of that notification, the
Resident Engineer shall advise Land Quality the name of the technician
who will be on the project responsible for inspecting sediment and erosion
control activities and who will be maintaining the continuously updated
erosion control plans in accordance with the Department's program
delegation. The Resident Engineer shall include as a part of the transmittal
to the Regional Land Quality Engineer one set of erosion control plans for
the project. I
Inasmuch as it is the policy of the Land Quality Section to contact
the project personnel when visiting NCDOT projects, other than
semiannual rating visits, it is important that the person identified to the
Land Quality Regional Engineer be consistently on the project. Should
personnel requirements necessitate a change of assignment, the Regional
Land Quality Engineer shall be notified. is important the Technician
selected to represent the Engineer be a person who will be on the project
the majority of the time: be a person who champions timely proper. and
effective erosion control techniques: and be a person who. most
importantly. will portray a positive image to the Land Quality staff.
Monthly Construction Conferences
For contract construction projects, recurring monthly conferences have
long been the Department's standard practice. The use of recurring dates,
such as the 3rd Tuesday, allow all participants to plan their schedules. Such
a practice shall be established for each project involving significant land
disturbing activities and the Regional Land Quality Engineer should be
notified of the recurring date, time, and location of the construction
conference. Whether or not the Regional Land Quality staff choose to
attend, erosion control shall be discussed and documented at each
conference. It is expected that the Contractor's future grading activities be
closely coordinated with needed erosion and sediment control measures
such that the needed devices are in place before the areas are disturbed and
sediment loss risks have increased.
During Construction
During the construction of the project, the Resident Engineer shall
take the necessary measures to ensure that the project is constructed and
A-2
maintained in accordance with the erosion control plans or needed and
• documented modifications to the plans. In order to provide this assurance,
the Resident Engineer shall establish a procedure that meets the following
criteria:
1. Before land disturbing activity begins, the Contractor should be
specifically advised that he must install the required perimeter
controls or other appropriate measures before he begins
grubbing the project site and creating erodible surfaces. He
should not be allowed to grub the project and then begin
installing sediment control devices.
2. Periodic review of erosion control measures and/or devices shall
be made. The Division Engineer or his representative shall take
into consideration such factors as exposed acreage and the phase
of construction to determine the frequency of this review on a
project specific basis.
3. A procedure for notifying the Contractor of deficiencies which
establishes deadlines for corrective action by the Contractor shall
be established.
4. A procedure that provides for follow-up by project personnel to
ensure the Contractor has implemented the corrective actions
needed shall be established.
5. A procedure that promotes the early establishment of vegetation
followed up by fertilizer top dressing to better assure an early,
mature stand shall be established.
Whenever an ICA (Immediate Corrective Action) or a NOV
(Notice of Violation) is issued for a project, the Contractor shall begin
corrective action within 24 hours of notification. Should the Contractor not
institute such corrective action, the Resident Engineer shall contact the
Division Engineer. The Division Engineer will arrange for the use of State
forces, trained in the proper installation of erosion and sediment control
devices, to implement the corrective measures necessary to bring the
project into compliance.
Additionally, when a Notice of Violation is received, the Resident
Engineer shall write the Chief Engineer - Operations, through the Division
Engineer, 'describing the deficiencies that caused the NOV to be issued, the
actions taken to satisfy the NOV, and the measures the Resident Engineer
has taken to ensure that there will be no reoccurrence.
•
A-3
0 Final Notification
Three weeks prior to the anticipated completion of the project
involving major land disturbing activities, the Resident Engineer shall so
advise the Roadway Construction Engineer. Serving as facilitator, the
Roadway Construction Engineer in cooperation with the Resident
Engineer, Division Construction Engineer, and Area Roadside
Environmental Engineer will review the project, including waste and
borrow sites. The review shall address the retention of temporary
measures, status of permanent measures, supplemental and repair seeding,
and fertilizer top dressing. Borrow and waste sites shall be treated in the
same manner as the project itself.
This review is intended to identify a plan to accept the project from
the Contractor in a condition that will satisfy the Department's sediment
and erosion control responsibilities. A mature stand of vegetation on all
previously disturbed areas is the ultimate objective for acceptance of the
project for maintenance. This will require Contractors to cooperate in
finishing graded slopes as soon as feasible such that seeding and mulching
can occur. This objective needs to be built into all planning on the project
from the time of the preconstruction conference and needs to be constantly
emphasized and reinforced by the Resident Engineer.
0
A-4
SEDIINIENTA'I'l(M INSPECTION REPORT
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
CountyProject Case #
WIect Location
Person(s) Finan cially Responsible
1 Pictures Yes ? No[] Number Prints ? Slides ? Video ?
2 Weather & soil conditions
3 Is site currently under Notice of Violation 9 Yes[] No[-]
4 Is the site in compliance with the S P C A and Rules 9 Yes? No? If no check violations below
5 Violations
? a No approved plan, G S 113A-57 (4) and 15A N C A C 4B 0007(c) ? f Failure to take all reasonable measures, 15A N C A C 4B 0005
? b Failure to follow approved plan, G S 113A-61 1 ? g Inadequate buffer zone, G S 113A-57(1)
? c Failure to submit revised plan, G S 113A-54 i(b) and
15A N C A C 4B 0018(a)
? d Failure to provide adequate groundcover, G S 113A-57(3) and
15A N C A C 4B 0007 (b) or 15A N C A C 4B 0024 (e)
? e Insufficient measures to retain sediment on site, G S 113A-57(3)
? h Graded slopes and fills too steep, G S 113A-57(2) or 15A
N C A C 4B 0024 (d)
? i Unprotected exposed slopes, G S 113A-57(2)
? Failure to maintain erosion control measures,
15A N C A C 4B 0013
? k Other (describe)
6 Has off-site sedimentation occurred since last inspection ? Yes ? No ? Remarks
Degree Slight ? Moderate ? Severe ? Remarks
7 Contact made with (Name) Title (Name)
Inspection Report given to
8 Copy of inspection report to be sent to person(s) responsible
0 Other (Name) Date Sent
9 Corrective actions needed
10 Comments
Report by: Others present
W ate of inspection
Time arriving on site - Time leaving site
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C .A.
Immediate Corrective Action
Date of ICA Notice /_
Project No.: TIP:
Project Description:
Evaluator
County: Length.
Y N
1. Is there a S & E plan for the project?
2. Are measures shown on the plan installed -
on the project?
*3. Are measures on the project sufficient to
retain sediment on site?
4. Has off-site sedimentation occurred?
5. List corrective measures and station numbers:
Corrective Measure
? ?
? ?
? ? Ntentkal
? ? ?
Station Number
0 6. Other comments:
•
Reclamation Plan
Waste Area
Date' January 1, 1994
Project No' 6123456
County: Guilford
Contractor: Highway-Construction Co, Inc.
Address: P O Box 1000, Greensboro, N C 28600
Property Owner: John D Smith
Address- Rt 1, Box 100, Asheboro, N C 28600
1. Total acreage of proposed waste area 2 0 acres (0 8 hectares)
2. Expected depth of waste 0-5' (0-15m)
3. Present use of land Farm Field
4. Proposed use after reclamation Farm Field
5. Is Corps of Engineers or CAMA approval required for this site? No
Any required approval must be obtained and furnished to the Resident
Engineer prior to placement of any waste in the site.
6. Is the site adjacent to any High Quality Water (HQW) as defined by the
Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources? (Yes or No)
N
If so, the design of all sediment control devices and buffer zones must
meet the requirements of the Department of Environment, Health, and
Natural Resources (DEH&NR).
•
7. Proposed sequence of placing waste
install erosion control devices, place unsuitable material and cover with topsoil
8. State the method of reclaiming sediment and/or stilling basins.
After permanent vegetation is established, fill basins to match existing contours and
seed and mulch
C-1
9. Describe your intended plan for the reclamation and subsequent use of all
affected lands, and indicate the general methods to be used in reclaiming
. this land, including haul roads and ditches. Attach a map which illustrates
this plan, showing the location and design of all temporary erosion and
sediment control devices. All features must comply with the appropriate
specifications and standards.
Site will be graded to dram into existing ditches along the right of way as shown on
reclamation map
10. Describe the proposed schedule of permanent seeding and mulching.
Include any proposed reforestation.
Area to be stage seeded as per attached seeding and mulching specifications
11. Signatures
(a) Contractor
(Must be by a person who is authorized to sign
Supplemental Agreements)
(b) All Owners of Record
Witness
•
Attachment: Site Map
Owner (s
Approved:
Resident Engineer
Date:
Exceptions:
•
C-2
0 I. Signed statement by both contractor and property owner certifying
thQ intended plan.
(a) Contractor's Statement:
I (we) hereby certify that this plan, when
approved, will be utilized for the development, use, and
reclamation of this site.
Signature(s)
(Must be by a person who is authorized to
sign Supplemental Agreements)
(b) Property Owner's Statement:
I (we) hereby certify that I am in agreement with this
development, use, and reclamation plan, and that I understand
that I will be responsible for the site upon completion of its use in
the construction of the project in the map legend.
Owner ()
•
(Must be signed by all owners of record.)
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0 Safety
"All employees have the right to a working environment that is safe and healthful."
This is the policy which NCDOT affirms. This policy should not be compromised
for erosion and sedimentation work, or any other type of work. To support this
concept "everyone must be responsible for safety."
Because of the importance of safety in the workplace, NCDOT has prepared a
Workplace Safety Manual. Refer to this manual for the Safe Operating
Procedures (SOP's) related to work encountered while performing erosion and
sedimentation control practices. Listed below are only a few of the SOP's which
may apply to this work:
r
Accident and Injury Response
Cold Weather Safety
First Aid
Hot Weather Safety
Poisonous Snakes, Insects and Plants
Workzone Safety/Traffic Control
Borrow Pit, Waste Pit and Stockpiling Operations
Earth Moving
. Pipe Installation
Rip Rap Installation/Removal
Seeding, Mulching, and Top Dressing
Excavating, Trenching and Shoring
These SOP's are not necessarily the only ones applicable to the type of work
encountered when working with erosion and sedimentation practices. Please refer
to the Workplace Safety Manual for a complete listing and descriptions for each.
•
D-1
t A wa&c, ?J?
4.0 LAND DISTURBANCE ASSOCIATED WITH ROAD CONSTRUCTION
AND BORROW PIT MINING
t
4.1 Pollutant Sources
The applicable poinVsource discharges are a result of stormwater runoff from construction
activities and borrow pit nunmg including clearing, grading, and excavation activities resulting in
disturbing of land The point source discharges will also include wastewater discharges from
dewatering of borrow pits
Specific pollutant parameters of concern are identical to those pollutants of concern for industrial
activities that have General Permits such as mining and construction projects greater than five
acres\ Data submitted to the N C Division of Water Quality from mining facilities covered under
the Musing General Permit during the permit term from 1992-1995 include quantitative analyses of
grab samples for the following pollutants in stormwater runoff from land disturbing activities pH,
Settleable Solids, Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity Analysis of this data indicates that
pollutants parameter of particular concern in this type of industrial activity are pH, Settleable
Solids, Total Suspended Solids, and Turbidity Oil and Grease and fuel (detected by the presence
of oil sheens and fuel odors) are potential pollutants from equipment and machinery as a result of
vehicle maintenance activities Other potential pollutants include insecticides, herbicides,
fertilizers, etc
4.2 Best Management Practices
Stormwater associated with borrow pit mining and construction where stormwater is contaminated
with or has come in contact with any overburden, raw material, intermediate product, finished
product, byproduct or waste products, can be described as generated from land disturbance areas
Sediment as well as pollutants adsorbed to sediments generated from land disturbance activities are
by far the primary pollutants of concern Effective stormwater controls for pollutants generated
from borrow pits and construction activities are sediment controls and erosion controls Erosion
controls are designed to control erosion of soils contacted by stormwater runoff by protecting the
soil surface Sediment controls are designed to remove sediment from runoff before the runoff is
discharged Erosion and sediment controls can further be divided into two subclasses of controls
vegetative practices and structural practices Mayor types of sediment and erosion control practices
approved for use in North Carolina and developed under the Division of Land Quality's
Sedimentation and Erosion Control Plan are listed below
Vegetative Practices
Temporary seeding
Permanent seeding
Sod stabilization
Vegetative buffer strips
Preservation of Natural Vegetation
Structural Practices
Earth dike
Earth berm
Rip-rap lined channels
Drainage swales
Check dams
Level spreader
Subsurface drain
i

4. O Cems+r C;6 e -

Pipe slope drain
Temporary storm drain diversion
Temporary or permanent stream diversion
Storm drain inlet protection
Rock outlet protection
Sediment traps and basins
Other controls

LJ,? s-? ?CQS 6,P
Also at nunmg operations, there are vehicles, heavy equipment, and machinery that require
maintenance and repairs Activities such as fueling, lubrication, mechanical repairs, and cleaning
may occur on site at such facilities At such locations on a site where these activities occur,
treatment or control practices to minimize or prevent stormwater contamination may consist of oil
water separators, dikes and secondary containment around fuel storage areas, and conducting the
activities offsite in an indoor or covered location to prevent exposure to stormwater
4.3 Reclamation
The construction sites and borrow pits areas are to be reclaimed in accordance to reclamation
standards approved by the Mining Comnussion
4.4 References:
Draft Fact Sheet NCG020000 General Permit for Mining North Carolina Department of
Environment and Natural Resources June 24, 1997
Fact Sheet NCGO100000 General Stormwater Permit for Construction North Carohna
Department of Environment and Natural Resources January 31, 1992
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Manual North Carolina Department of
Natural Resources and Community Development September 1, 1988
Borrow Pit and Waste Site Reclamation Procedures North Carolina Department of
Transportation October 1995
Sieber, Philipp 1995 Effects of Storm Water Regulations on Colorado Department of
Transportation, Transportation Research Record, Vol 1483
hcv)-t C..
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