20171294 Ver 1_RES_RES Yadkin 01 UMBI_SAW-2017-01467_Twiman_MY4 Monitoring Report_20240906_20240909

3600 Glenwood Avenue. Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612

Corporate Headquarters
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Bellaire, TX 77401
Main: 713.520.5400

res.us

September 6, 2024
Mr. Steve Kichefski
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Regulatory Division
151 Patton Ave. Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-5006

RE: Twiman Year 4 Monitoring Report (SAW-2017-01467 | RES Yadkin 01 Umbrella Mitigation
Bank)

Dear Mr. Kichefski,
Please find attached the Twiman Year 4 Monitoring Report. In Year 4, multiple events were
recorded in 2024 on the stage recorder TC1-A with a max event being 2.59 ft. above the top of
bank. The flow gauge on TC2-A showed flow for 235 consecutive days and the flow gauges on
TC3-A and TC6-A showed flow for 120 and 95 consecutive days respectively, with regular flow
throughout the year across multiple events. Comments from the Monitoring Year Three Credit
Release Letter are located and below with answers detailed in blue text. NCDOT has designed a
permanent drainage easement on Abraham Road. The drainage easement will encroach onto
the existing Twiman conversation easement. RES is continuing coordination with the USACE
Project Manager, long term steward, and NCDOT to determine the appropriate steps to properly
handle this situation.
RES is requesting a 5% stream credit release (290.603 SMUs) for the completion of the MY4
report and a 10% stream credit release (581.207 SMUs) for meeting the stream bankfull standard
for a total of 15% stream credit release (871.81 SMUs). Please see enclosed the credit release
timeline and an updated credit ledger.
Thank you, Jared Howard | Ecologist
[e-mail]

2
NCDWR comments:
1. The pool at cross-section 1 appears to be aggrading slightly.
This was likely due to a debris jam immediately upstream from cross section 1 contributing to
sediment loads settling in the cross section. The debris has been removed and RES will take
adaptive measures if the sediment load does not continue to move through the system.

2. The riffle at cross-section 8 appears to have degraded slightly and has a current bank height
ratio of 1.3.
Cross section 8 has been hand repaired with rock and now appears stable. RES will continue to monitor this location to determine if additional action is necessary.
3. A few vegetation plots still appear to have low species diversity. Are any additional plantings planned for these areas? RES had not planned to specifically plant these areas for diversity because we are confident that the site has acceptable species composition overall. Species composition across the entire site is as follows: - 33% Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) - 22% American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) - 13% Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra) The remaining 32% of species found are a healthy mix of River Birch (Betula nigra),
Buttonbush, Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), Red Bud (Cercis canadensis), Black Walnut
(Juglans nigra), Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipfera), Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and White
Oak (Quercus alba).

Further details can be found in Appendix C.
4. The first CCPV map is blank within the monitoring report. This may be a Laserfiche formatting error, but I wanted to make a note for awareness. Noted. RES has updated the maps into a new format and this issue should be resolved. USACE comments: 5. Thank you for your continued coordination involving the NCDOT encroachment. You’re welcome. RES will continue to update the appropriate parties as this develops. 6. The background imagery on Figure 2 is missing. Not sure if this is a Laserfiche issue, but
several RES maps have had formatting issues this year.
Noted. RES has updated the maps into a new format and this issue should be resolved.
7. Noted aggradation on XS1 is being caused by a debris jam that will be removed, and

3
degradation and scour on XS8 was hand repaired in July with rock and live stakes will be installed. Please include photos of these areas in next year’s report. As mentioned, please continue monitoring the floodplain scour at XS10; would this area benefit from being included in the proposed supplemental planting? RES matted, seeded, and replanted the floodplain at cross section 10. Vegetative growth in the area looks strong and the floodplain appears stable. 8. The report mentions there are several localized areas of minor erosion and shear stress along TC2, and these areas will be planted with live stakes in the winter of 2023/2024. Is the same issue occurring on TC1-A due to high flows? Please consider diversity in future planting efforts. RES has noted areas of bare bank along TC1 in the past that have been live staked in addition to repaired areas of TC2. RES is giving consideration to species diversity in future planting plans. 9. RES noted several structure issues on TC2 that are planned for repair in the upcoming
monitoring year. To confirm, are any of these structures/areas from the previous repairs on
TC2? The issues appear to be migrating upstream. Are the issues systemic due to a design
flaw, or are the issues believed to be localized due to heavy flows and the structures not being installed correctly? Please include photos of any repair areas in next year’s report. These repairs are not located in the same spots as previous repairs. RES believes the issues to be localized due improperly installed structures and heavy flow that moves through TC2. Repairs completed in January 2024 look to be stable when visually assessed in August 2024. Photos of repair areas are included in Appendix B.
10. Noted that live stakes and coir matting will be installed to stabilize the floodplain and
channel where any work is conducted or deemed beneficial. Please be sure to capture the
large area of disturbance on TC2, and some of the supplementally planted areas on TC1-A
with random veg plots in MY5.
RES will ensure that random vegetation plots capture these areas in MY5.

11. The MY3 report noted that geomorphology data for MY3 was collected during May 2023. The MY2 data was collected in June and the MY1 data was collected in July. Each year geomorphology data collection has moved earlier and is too early in the monitoring year to adequately reflect MY3 progression. Please ensure MY4 data collection is done later in the monitoring year and strive for consistency over the length of the entire monitoring period. Noted. RES will conduct stream geomorphology data collection later in the monitoring year to establish a pattern of consistency moving forward.

Project Name:
Sponsor Name:
USACE Action ID:
NCDWQ Action ID:
Non-Forested
Wetland Credits
Warm
Water Cool Water Cold Water Riparian
Riverine
Riparian
Non-Riverine Non-Riparian Coastal
5,848.000
5,812.067
Scheduled
Releases
Warm
Water Base SMUs WQ SMUs Scheduled
Releases
Riparian
Riverine
Riparian
Non-Riverine Non-Riparian Scheduled
Releases Coastal
1 (Bank/Site Establishment)1, 2 15%877.200 12/31/2019 12/27/2019
2 (Year 0/As-Built)3 15%866.420 12/31/2020 12/30/2020
3 (Year 1 Monitoring)10%581.207 12/15/2021 1/14/2022
4 (Year 2 Monitoring)10%581.207 12/31/2022 12/22/2022
5 (Year 3 Monitoring)10%581.207 12/31/2023 11/7/2023
6 (Year 4 Monitoring)5%290.603 10/21/2024
7 (Year 5 Monitoring)10%581.207
8 (Year 6 Monitoring)5%290.603
9 (Year 7 Monitoring)10%581.207
Stream Bankfull Standard4 10%581.207 10/21/2024
Total Credits Release to Date 3487.240
Date
Wilmington District Mitigation Bank Credit Release Schedule
4 - A 10% reserve of credits to be held back until the bankfull event performance standard has been met.
1 - The first credit release milestone is based on the potential credits stated in the approved mitigation plan.
2 - The first credit release shall occur upon establishment of the mitigation bank, which includes the following criteria:
1) Execution of the MBI or UMBI by the Sponsor and the USACE;
2) Approval of the final Mitigation Plan;
3) Mitigation bank site must be secured;
4) Delivery of the financial assurances described in the Mitigation Plan;
5) Recordation of the long-term protection mechanism and title opinion acceptable to the USACE;
6) 404 permit verification for construction of the site, if required.
3 - The second credit release is based on the credit totals from the as-built survey, and may differ slightly from the credit totals stated in the mitigation plan.
Contingencies (if any): The site was built to design plans and guidelines barring a few deviations, including an easement change and stream structure changes. The easement change was a result of an easement area
decrease by the pond adjacent to TC5.
Signature of Wilmington District Official Approving Credit Release
Twiman Stream Mitigation Project
EBX
SAW-2017-01467
20171294v1
Potential Credits from Mitigation Plan
Forested Wetland Credits
Total Potential Credits
Projected
Release Date
Actual Release
Date
Potential Credits from As-Built Survey
Stream Credits
Credit Classification
Non-Forested Wetland
CreditsForested Wetland CreditsStream Credits
Current and Future Credit Releases
Credit Release Milestone
Yadkin
3040101
2020
9/6/2024
County:
8-Digit HUC:
Year Project Instituted:
Date Prepared:
Transaction Credits Released Credits Debited Current Credits
Number To Bank From Bank Credit Balance Reserved Purchaser Project Permit Number Date HUC
1 877.200 12/27/19
2 866.420 12/30/20
4 581.207 1/14/22
5 581.207 12/22/22
6 581.207 11/7/23
Total 3487.241 0.000 3487.241 0.000
RES YADKIN 01 UMBRELLA MITIGATION BANKING INSTRUMENT
TWIMAN STREAM CREDIT LEDGER (HUC 03040101)
Monday, August 5, 2024
Credits Released: Task 1
Credits Released: Task 3
Credits Released: Task 2
Credits Released: Task 4
Credits Released: Task 5
TWIMAN
STREAM MITIGATION SITE
YADKIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
RES YADKIN 01 UMBRELLA MITIGATION BANK
SAW-2017-01467
YEAR 4 MONITORING REPORT
Provided by:
Bank Sponsor: Environmental Banc & Exchange, LLC
An entity of Resource Environmental Solutions
3600 Glenwood Ave, Suite 100
Raleigh, NC 27612
864-567-7761September 2024
Twiman Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
Table of Contents 1.0 Project Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Location and Description ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Project Success Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 2 Stream Success Criteria .................................................................................................................................. 3 Vegetation Success Criteria .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Project Components ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Stream Design/Approach ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Construction and As-Built Conditions .............................................................................................. 6
1.7 Year 4 Monitoring Performance (MY4) ............................................................................................ 6
Vegetation .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Stream Geomorphology ................................................................................................................................ 7
Stream Hydrology ............................................................................................................................................ 7
2.0 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.0 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Appendix A: Background Tables Table 1: Project Mitigation Components Table 2: Project Activity and Reporting History Table 3: Project Contacts Table Table 4: Project Background Information Table Figure 1: Site Location Map Appendix B: Visual Assessment Data Figure 2: Current Conditions Plan View MY3 Vegetation Plot Photos Monitoring Device Photos Crossing Photos Areas of Concern Photos Appendix C: MY3 Vegetation Plot Data Table 5: Planted Species Summary Table 6: Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary Table 7: Stem Count Total and Planted by Plot Species Appendix D: MY3 Stream Measurement and Geomorphology Data Cross-Section Plots Table 8: Baseline Stream Data Summary Table 9: Cross Section Morphology Data Table Appendix E: Hydrology Data Table 10: 2023-2024 Rainfall Summary Table 11: Documentation of Geomorphically Significant Flow Events Stream Flow Hydrographs

Twiman 1 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
1.0 Project Summary
1.1 Project Location and Description
The Twiman Mitigation Site (the “Project”) is located in Yadkin County approximately two miles southeast of Boonville, North Carolina. Water quality stressors that affected the Project included livestock production, agricultural production, impervious surfaces runoff, impoundments, and lack of riparian buffer. The Project presents 8,970 linear feet (LF) of stream restoration and enhancement, generating 5,812.067 Warm Stream Mitigation Units (SMU) along seven unnamed
tributaries that drain to North Deep Creek.

The Project is located in the Yadkin River Basin within Cataloging Unit 03040101, Target Local
Watershed (TLW) 03040101130010, and NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) subbasin 03-07-
02. The Project drains into North Deep Creek which is currently listed as State Classification Class
C (NCDWQ 2011).

The Project’s total easement area is approximately 30.5 acres within the overall drainage area of
810 acres and consisted of agricultural fields, cattle pastures, and wooded areas. The wooded
areas along the easement corridor designated for restoration activities are classified as mixed
hardwoods. Restored channels were incised, both laterally and vertically unstable, lacked riparian
buffers, and did not fully support aquatic life. The stream design approach for the Project combined the analog method of natural channel design with analytical methods to evaluate stream flows and hydraulic performance of the channel and floodplain. The analog method involved the use of a reference reach, or “template” stream, adjacent to, nearby, or previously in the same location as the design reach. The template parameters of the analog reach were replicated to create the features of the design reach. The analog approach is useful when watershed and boundary conditions are similar between the design and analog reaches (Skidmore et al., 2001). Hydraulic geometry was developed using analytical methods to identify the design discharge. The Project will continue to be monitored on a regular basis throughout the seven-year post-construction monitoring period, or until performance standards are met. Upon approval for closeout by the Interagency Review Team (IRT), the Project will be transferred to Unique Places to Save (UP2S). This party shall serve as conservation easement holder and long-term steward for the property and will conduct periodic inspection of the site to ensure that restrictions required
in the conservation easement are upheld. Endowment funds required to uphold easement and
deed restrictions will be finalized prior to Project transfer to the responsible party.
1.2 Project Goals and Objectives
Through the comprehensive analysis of the Project’s maximum functional uplift using the Stream Functions Pyramid Framework, specific, attainable goals and objectives will be realized by the

Twiman 2 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
Project. These goals clearly address the degraded water quality and nutrient input from farming that were identified as major watershed stressors in the 2009 Upper Yadkin Pee-Dee River RBRP. The Project goals are:
• Improve water transport from watershed to the channel in a non-erosive manner in a stable channel;
• Improve flood flow attenuation on site and downstream by allowing for overbanks flows
and connection to the active floodplain;
• Improve ecological processes by reducing water temperature, improving terrestrial and
aquatic habitat, and restoring a native plant community;
• Indirectly support the goals of the 2009 Upper Yadkin Pee-Dee RBRP to improve water
quality and to reduce sediment and nutrient loads.

The Project objectives to address the goals were:
• Designed and constructed stable stream channels with appropriate pattern, dimension,
and profile based on reference reach conditions;
• Added in-stream structures and bank stabilization measures to protect restored and
enhanced streams;
• Installed habitat features such as brush toes, constructed riffles, woody materials, and pools of varying depths to restored and enhanced streams;
• Reduced bank height ratios and increased entrenchment ratios to reference reach conditions;
• Increased forested riparian buffers to at least 50 feet on both sides of the channel along the project reaches with a hardwood riparian plant community;
• Treated exotic invasive species;
• Removed impoundments to restore stream function and habitat;
• Established a permanent conservation easement on the Project that excludes livestock from stream channels and their associated buffers. Limitations to achieving these watershed goals arise by remaining constrained to the Project boundaries. While restoring the habitat and streams to stable and effective conditions that achieve these goals within the project parcels, it is not possible to control the effects of poor riparian buffers and livestock impact in other areas within the watershed. However, through this Project’s
hydrologic connectivity with other project in the watershed and responsible stewardship of
current restoration projects, overall watershed functionality and health will improve to support
the goals of the 2009 Upper Yadkin Pee-Dee RBRP.
1.3 Project Success Criteria
The Project follows the USACE 2003 Stream Mitigation Guidelines and the “Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update” dated October 24, 2016. Cross section and vegetation plot data will be collected in Years 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Stream hydrology data and visual monitoring will be reported annually.

Twiman 3 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
Stream Success Criteria
Four bankfull flow events must be documented within the seven-year monitoring period. The
bankfull events must occur in separate years. Otherwise, the stream monitoring will continue until
four bankfull events have been documented in separate years.

There should be little change in as-built cross-sections. If changes do take place, they should be evaluated to determine if they represent a movement toward a less stable condition (for example down-cutting or erosion), or are minor changes that represent an increase in stability (for example settling, vegetative changes, deposition along the banks, or decrease in width/depth ratio). Cross-sections shall be classified using the Rosgen stream classification method, and all monitored cross-sections should fall within the quantitative parameters defined for channels of the design stream type. Bank height ratio shall not exceed 1.2, and the entrenchment ratio shall be no less than 1.4 within restored reaches. The entrenchment ratio shall be no less than 2.2 for all measured riffle cross-sections on a given reach. Channel stability should be demonstrated through a minimum of four bankfull events documented in the seven-year monitoring period. Digital images are used to subjectively evaluate channel aggradation or degradation, bank erosion, success of riparian vegetation, and effectiveness of erosion control measures. Longitudinal images should not indicate the absence of developing bars within the channel or an excessive increase in channel depth. Lateral images should not indicate excessive erosion or
continuing degradation of the banks over time. A series of images over time should indicate
successional maturation of riparian vegetation.
Vegetation Success Criteria
Specific and measurable success criteria for plant density within the riparian buffers on the Project follow IRT Guidance. Vegetation monitoring plots are a minimum of 0.02 acres in size and cover a minimum of two percent of the planted area. The interim measures of vegetative success for the Project are the survival of at least 320 planted per acre at the end of Year 3, at least 260 planted five-year old trees seven feet in height at the end of Year 5, and the final vegetative success criteria is at least 210 trees per acre with an average height of ten feet at the end of Year 7. Volunteer trees are counted, identified to species, and included in the yearly monitoring reports, but are not counted towards the success criteria of total planted stems. Moreover, any single species can only account for up to 50 percent of the required number of stems within any vegetation plot. Any stems in excess of 50 percent are shown in the monitoring
table but were not used to demonstrate success.
1.4 Project Components
The Project area is comprised of three easement locations along multiple drainage features that flow into North Deep Creek. The northern easement area captures three unnamed tributaries and is divided from the other easements by an agricultural property and Reese Road. The southern easement area is separated into eastern and western portions by Abraham Road. The eastern

Twiman 4 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
portion is smaller and contains two additional unnamed tributaries. The western portion is larger and contains the additional two tributaries, including the confluence that joins all project tributaries. There were a few changes to the easement around TC5 which resulted in 178 LF (35.933 SMUs) reduction. The easement changes are showed on the Redlines in in the As-Built Report. The stream mitigation components are summarized below and are shown in more detail in Appendix A.
Mitigation
Approach Linear Feet Ratio Base SMUs
Restoration 4,074 1: 1 4,074.000
Enhancement I 1,295 1.5: 1 863.333 Enhancement II 342 2.5: 1 136.800
Enhancement II 646 3: 1 215.333
Enhancement II 2,182 5: 1 436.400
Enhancement III 431 5: 1 86.200
8,970 5,812.067

1.5 Stream Design/Approach

Stream restoration and enhancement efforts along the tributaries of the Project were accomplished through analyses of geomorphic conditions and watershed characteristics. The design approach applied a combination of analytical and reference reach-based design methods that meet objectives commensurate with both ecological and geomorphic improvements. Treatment activities ranged from minor bank grading and planting to re-establishing a stable planform and hydraulic geometry. For full restoration reaches, natural design concepts were applied and verified through rigorous engineering analyses and modeling. The objective of this approach was to design a geomorphically stable channel that provides habitat improvements and ties into the existing landscape. Specifically, treatments included Priority I and II Restoration and Enhancement I, II, and III. Two restoration reaches were constructed in the old pond beds. These channels were designed below the surveyed pond bed to promote the removal of any unsuitable material encountered in the pond bed. If unsuitable material extends below the proposed channels, it will be removed and replaced with suitable material generated from onsite excavation.
The Project has been broken into the following reaches:

Reach TC1-A – Reach TC1-A begins at the northern limits of the project and flows south to
easement boundary and Reece Road. The reach totals 1,660 linear feet of offline Priority II
Restoration. The design approach included meandering the channel within the natural valley,
backfilling the existing stream, and excavating a new floodplain.
Reach TC2-A/B/C/D – Reach TC2-A begins at the most northern limit of the northern easement portion of the project and flows south. A 30-foot culvert crossing was constructed along this reach. The reach totals 1,164 linear feet of Enhancement I. Disturbed hardwood forest and pasture

Twiman 5 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
surrounded this reach. The design approach was to address headcuts and bank erosion with a mix of bank grading and structure installation. Reach TC2-B begins at the downstream end of TC2-A and flows southwest to the upstream end of TC2-C. The reach totals 606 linear feet of Priority II Restoration. Enhancement activities on this reach included channel grading on both banks for 400 linear feet, channel restoration for 103 linear feet, and installation of a rock step pool and a diffuse flow structure. An existing impoundment was in the middle of the reach and was breached prior to project construction. Pasture and disturbed riparian habitat surrounded this reach. Reach TC2-
C begins at the downstream end of TC2-B and flows to the upstream end of TC2-D. The reach
totals 131 linear feet of Enhancement I. Disturbed hardwood forest and pasture surrounded this
reach. The design approach for this reach involved bank and floodplain grading. A 30ft culvert
crossing was constructed at the downstream end of this reach. Reach TC2-D begins at the culvert
crossing and flows southwest to a confluence with TC1-A. The reach totals 171 linear feet of offline
Priority I Restoration and was surrounded by disturbed hardwood forest and pasture. Cattle were
excluded from the reach, and riparian plantings occurred to restore the buffer.
Reach TC3-A/B – Reach TC3-A begins in the northern easement portion and flows southwest through a disturbed wooded valley. The reach totals 646 linear feet of Enhancement II. Woodlands
and agricultural practices surrounded this reach. The design approach for this reach was to
stabilize active headcuts and bank erosion with bank grading and structure installation. Reach
TC3-B begins downstream of TC3-A and flows southwest to a confluence with Reach TC1-A,
downstream of the TC2-B and TC1-A confluence. The reach totals 757 linear feet of Priority I
Restoration. An existing impoundment was in the middle of the reach was breached prior to
project construction. Row crops and pasture surrounded this reach.
Reach TC5-A/B – Reach TC5-A begins on the eastern limits of the southern easement portion immediately downstream of a large impoundment and flows southwest to a culvert at Abraham Road. The reach totals 509 linear feet of Enhancement III. Hardwood forests, pasture and row
crops surrounded this reach. Reach TC5-B begins downstream of TC5-A on the opposite side of
Abraham Road and flows southwest at the southern limits of the project. The reach flows through
disturbed hardwood forest and pasture and totals 2,187 linear feet of Enhancement II. Within this
reach, cattle were excluded from the buffer and riparian vegetation was established where
necessary. Major areas of channel instability at existing crossings were stabilized as part of the
project. A 467 linear feet segment in the middle of the reach has strong, desirable bed
geomorphology and received differing enhancement than most of the reach.
Reach TC6-A/B – Reach begins on the eastern side of the southern easement portion and flows
northwest to the top of TC6-B. The reach totals 880 linear feet of inline Priority I Restoration.
Disturbed woodland and row crops surrounded the reach. A significant number of clay plugs were
installed along this reach to promote proper hydrology in the proposed stream. Additionally, an
engineered sediment pack was installed above the top of this reach to attenuate peak sediment
loading. Reach TC6-B begins at the downstream end of TC6-A and flows to a confluence with TC5-
A. The reach totals 95 linear feet of Enhancement III.

Twiman 6 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
Reach TC7 – Reach begins immediately downstream of an existing impoundment and flows north to a confluence with TC5-B. The reach totals 342 linear feet of Enhancement II. The design approach involved stabilizing localized channel erosion with structure installation and pipe removal. Disturbed woodland and row crops surround the reach. 1.6 Construction and As-Built Conditions
Stream construction and planting was completed in June 2020. Overall, the Project was built to design plans and guidelines. There were a few minor structure substitutions. Additionally, there was a change to easement between Mitigation Plan approval and construction that was described in Section 1.4. A redline version of the as-built survey is included in the As-Built Report (submitted October 2020). Project credits are based on design centerline, but as-built stream lengths are shown on Appendix A, Table 1. As requested in the As-Built Credit Release Letter, the future NC DOT encroachment area has been added to Figure 2. There were a few changes to the planting plan due to bareroot availability. Changes are detailed on Appendix C, Table 5. 1.7 Year 4 Monitoring Performance (MY4)
Vegetation
Vegetation monitoring is not required in Monitoring Year 4. Year 3 Monitoring data is included in Appendix C. RES conducted supplemental planting along TC1-A of three-gallon container trees
with a species composition consisting of Rersimmon (Diospyros virginiana), Buttonbush
(Cephalanthus occidentalis), Willow Oak (Quercus phellos), River Birch (Betula nigra), and Northern
Red Oak (Quercus rubra) to slow flow and enhance vegetative maturity. Black Willow (Salix nigra)
live stakes were also planted along the banks of TC1-A to enhance bank stability. Locations of
supplemental plantings are shown in Figure 2.

Species composition across the entire site is as follows:

- 33% Willow Oak
- 22% American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- 13% Northern Red Oak
The remaining 32% of species found are a healthy mix of River Birch, Buttonbush, Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum), Red Bud (Cercis canadensis), Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipfera), Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) and White Oak (Quercus alba).

Twiman 7 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
Stream Geomorphology
Geomorphology monitoring was not required for MY4. Year 3 monitoring data is included in
Appendix D. Overall the current cross section data relatively matches the baseline conditions.
Visual assessment of the stream channel was performed to document signs of instability, such as
eroding banks, structural instability, or excessive sedimentation. The channel is mostly
transporting sediment as designed and will continue to be monitored for aggradation and degradation. RES removed a debris jam immediately above cross section one that was likely contributing to sediment loads settling in the cross section. RES will continue to monitor for continuing signs of aggradation and take adaptive measures if the sediment load does not continue to move through the system. Cross section eight on TC2-A had some scouring and degradation occur after several large flow events passed through the system. This area has been hand repaired with rock on July 14, 2023; and now appears stable. Cross section ten on TC2-B had slight flood plain scour. To remedy this, RES has matted, seeded, and planted the area. RES noticed deterioration of structures on TC2 during MY3. To remedy this, RES reset a rock sill structure (~STA 14+20) and a log sill structure (~STA 14+70) to improve channel flow and reduce the occurrence of piping. An additional log sill was added (~STA 16+80) to reduce the drop at an existing structure. All disturbed areas were live staked and matted and juncus plugs will be added. Repaired areas will be monitored through subsequent monitoring years. Photos of completed
repairs are found in Appendix B.

NCDOT has designed a permanent drainage easement on Abraham Road. The drainage easement
will encroach onto the existing Twiman conversation easement. RES is coordinating with the
USACE Project Manager, long term steward, and NCDOT to determine the appropriate steps to
properly handle this situation. RES is having a surveyor plot out and mark the NCDOT easement
north of the road so the maintenance limits are clear on site.
Stream Hydrology
In July 2020, two stage recorders and three flow gauges were installed to record stream hydrology events. The stage recorders are in place to document bankfull events. One stage recorder was installed on TC1-A and one was installed on TC2-A.
- The stage recorder on TC1-A recorded three bankfull events in MY4; the largest reading was 2.59 feet above the top of bank on 5/18/2024.
- The stage recorder on TC2-A was displaced from a suspected storm event between the
months of January and April 2024 and was promptly replaced in April. However, it was
once again displaced in another suspected storm event between April and August and was
promptly reinstalled again in August. Upon further consideration, RES plans to reinforce
the gauge with structural supports to prevent future issues. Unfortunately, due to these
issues, accurate data was not able to be presented from this stage recorder for this year.
RES has included photos in the surrounding area that we believe justifies the success of
the stream bankfull criteria including matted vegetation in the floodplain as well as a wrack

Twiman 8 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
pile located at the crossing downstream of stage recorder TC2-A. Referenced photos are in Appendix B. The flow gauges are in place to document the presence and persistence of stream flow in intermittent channels. One flow gauge was installed on each of the reaches TC2-A, TC3-A, and TC6-A.
- The flow gauge on TC2-A recorded 235 consecutive days of flow.
- The flow gauge on TC3-A recorded 120 consecutive days of flow when counted from
January 1st, 2024, though the flow event started on November 6th, 2023.
- The flow gauge on TC6-A recorded 95 consecutive days of flow from March 21st, 2024 to June 6th, 2024. However, there was a continuous flow event lasting 212 days from August
13th, 2023 to March 13th, 2024.

Stream hydrology data is presented in Appendix E, gauge locations can be found on Figure 2,
and photos are in Appendix B.
2.0 Methods
Stream geomorphology monitoring is conducted using a Topcon GTS-312 Total Station. Three-dimensional coordinates associated with cross-section data were collected in the field (NAD83 State Plane feet FIPS 3200). Morphological data are collected at 22 cross-sections. Survey data are
imported into CAD, ArcGIS®, and Microsoft Excel® for data processing and analysis.

Stream hydrology is monitored using stage recorders and flow gauges, which utilize automatic
pressure transducers, and are installed within the channels. The stage recorders record frequency,
duration, and stage of bankfull events and are programmed to record readings at an hourly
interval. A surveyed elevation was recorded at the bed and top of bank at the stage recorder
elevation, allowing for accurate bankfull events to be recorded. Flow gauges record frequency,
duration, and stage of flow events and are programmed to read at an hourly interval. The height
of the adjacent downstream riffle (from the gauge) is used to detect flow.

Vegetation success is being monitored at 10 permanent monitoring plots and five random plots
for a total of 15 plots. Locations of random plots vary from year to year and are shown in Figure 2, and species and height are recorded for all woody stems. Vegetation plot monitoring follows the CVS-EEP Level 2 Protocol for Recording Vegetation, version 4.2 (Lee et al. 2008) and includes analysis of species composition and density of planted species. Data is processed using the CVS data entry tool. In the field, the four corners of each plot were permanently marked with PVC at the origin and metal conduit at the other corners. Photos of each plot are taken from the origin each monitoring year.

Twiman 9 Year 4 Monitoring Report Stream Mitigation Site September 2024
3.0 References
Harman, W., R. Starr, M. Carter, K. Tweedy, M. Clemmons, K. Suggs, C. Miller. 2012. A Function-
Based Framework for Stream Assessment and Restoration Projects. US Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds, Washington, DC EPA
843-K-12-006.
Lee Michael T., Peet Robert K., Roberts Steven D., and Wentworth Thomas R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation Level. Version 4.2 Peet, R.K., Wentworth, T.S., and White, P.S. (1998), A flexible, multipurpose method for recording vegetation composition and structure. Castanea 63:262-274 Resource Environmental Solutions. 2019. Twiman Mitigation Site - Final Mitigation Plan. Rosgen, D. 1996. Applied River Morphology, 2nd edition, Wildland Hydrology, Pagosa Springs, CO. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2003. April 2003 NC Stream Mitigation Guidelines. USACE. 2016. Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update.

Appendix A
Background Tables
Table 1. Twiman - Mitigation Assets and Components
Existing Mitigation
Footage Plan Mitigation As-Built
or Footage or Mitigation Restoration Priority Mitigation Plan Footage or As-Built
Project Segment Acreage Acreage Category Level Level Ratio (X:1)Credits Acreage Credits Comments
TC1-A 1,662 1,660 Warm R 1 1.0000 1660.000 1660 1660.000 Full Channel Restoration
TC2-A 1,163 1,164 Warm EI NA 1.5000 776.000 1164 776.000 Bank Grading & Structure Installation
TC2-B 584 606 Warm R 1 1.0000 606.000 606 606.000 Full Channel Restoration
TC2-C 131 131 Warm EI NA 1.5000 87.333 131 87.333 Bank and Floodplain Grading
TC2-D 84 171 Warm R 1 1.0000 171.000 171 171.000 Full Channel Restoration
TC3-A 646 646 Warm EII NA 3.0000 215.333 646 215.333 Bank Grading & Structure Installation
TC3-B 599 757 Warm R 1 1.0000 757.000 757 757.000 Full Channel Restoration
TC5-A 509 509 Warm EIII NA 5.0000 101.800 336 67.200 Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock
TC5-B 2,187 2,187 Warm EII NA 5.0000 437.400 2182 436.400 Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock
TC6-A 964 880 Warm R 1 1.0000 880.000 880 880.000 Full Channel Restoration
TC6-B 95 95 Warm EIII NA 5.0000 19.000 95 19.000 Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock
TC7 342 342 Warm EII NA 2.5000 136.800 342 136.800 Planted Buffer, Exclusion of Livestock
Project Credits
Non-Rip Coastal
Warm Cool Cold Riverine Non-Riv Wetland Marsh
Restoration 4074.000
Re-establishment
Rehabilitation
Enhancement
Enhancement I 863.333
Enhancement II 788.533
Enhancement III 86.200
Creation
Preservation
Total 5812.067
Restoration Level
Stream Riparian Wetland
Elapsed Time Since grading complete:4 year 3 months
Elapsed Time Since planting complete:4 year 3 months
Number of reporting Years1:4
Data Collection Completion or
Activity or Deliverable Complete Delivery
Mitigation Plan NA Jun-19
Final Design – Construction Plans NA Feb-20
Stream Construction NA Jun-20
Site Planting NA Jun-20
As-built (Year 0 Monitoring – baseline)Jul-20 Oct-20
Supplemental Planting NA Jan-21
Invasive Species Treatment NA Dec-21
Stream Repairs (TC1, TC2, TC3)NA Apr-21
Year 1 Monitoring XS: Jul-21
VP: Sep-21 Sep-21
Supplemental Planting NA Mar-22
Invasive Species Treatment NA Aug-22
Year 2 Monitoring XS: Jun-22
VP: Aug-22 Sep-22
In-Stream Hand Repairs NA Jul-23
Year 3 Monitoring XS: May-23
VP: Aug-23
Sep-23
Supplemental Planting NA Jan-24
Stream Repairs (TC2)NA Jan-24
Year 4 Monitoring Aug-24 Sep-24
Year 5 Monitoring
Year 6 Monitoring
Year 7 Monitoring
1 = The number of reports or data points produced excluding the baseline
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Twiman Mitigation Site
Designer WK Dickson 720 Corporate Center Drive Raleigh, NC 27607
Primary project design POC David Perry
Construction Contractor KBS Earthwork Inc. / 5616 Coble Church Rd., Julian, NC
27283
Construction contractor POC Kory Strader
Survey Contractor Ascension Land Surveying P.C. / 116 Williams Road,
Mocksville, NC 27028
Survey contractor POC Chris Cole
Planting Contractor H&J Forestry
Planting contractor POC Matt Hitch
Monitoring Performers RES / 401 Charles Avenue, Charlotte, North Carolina 28205.
Stream Monitoring POC Daniel Dixon [phone]
Vegetation Monitoring POC Daniel Dixon [phone]
Table 3. Project Contacts Table
Twiman Mitigation Site
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit 3040101
TC1-A TC2-A TC2-B TC2-C TC2-D TC3-A TC3-B TC5-A TC5-B TC6-A TC6-B TC7
1,660 1,164 606 131 171 646 757 509 2,187 880 95 342
2,291 80 93 22 28 904 1,010 19 29
P P P P P I I P P I I P
G4c B4 A4 E4 B4 B5 E4 E4 E4b A5
E4 B4 E4 E4 B4 E4 E4 E4 E4b A5
Evolutionary trend (Simon) (existing)
FEMA classification
Stream Classification (existing)
Stream Classification (proposed)
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
NCDWR Water Quality Classification
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined, unconfined)
Drainage area (Acres)
Parameters
Length of reach (linear feet) (designed)
Reach Summary Information
Project Drainage Area (Acres and Square Miles)796 ac (1.24 mi2)
River Basin Yadkin
USGS Hydrologic Unit 14-digit 3040101130010
DWR Sub-basin 03-07-02
Physiographic Province Northern Inner Piedmont
Table 4. Project Background Information
Project Name Twiman
County Yadkin
Project Area (acres) 30.5
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude)(North Area) Latitude: 36.213241 N Longitude: -80.693855 W
Planted Acreage (Acres of Woody Stems Planted)18.46
Project Watershed Summary Information
(South Area) Latitude: 36.208615 N Longitude: -80.684732 W
© OpenStreetMap (and) contributors, CC-BY-SA
0 2,0001,000
Feet
Figure 1 - Site Location Map
Twiman Mitigation Project
Yadkin County, North Carolina
Legend
Conservation Easement
Service Area - 03040101
TLW - 03040101130010
©Date: 8/28/2024
Drawn by: NLS
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Restoring a resilient earth for a modern world
© OpenStreetMap (and)
contributors, CC-BY-SA
Twiman Project
1:27,340

Appendix B
Visual Assessment Data

Cartographer: nshive | POC: XXXX | Path: R:\Resgis\Projects\NC\100152_Twiman\PRO\6_MonitoringMaintenance\MY0-MY7\MY0-MY7_Twiman.aprx | Layout: Figure 2a - CCPV - MY4 2024- Twiman
www.res.us
Reference: This information is not to be used as final
legal boundaries.
Spatial Reference:
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N
Date Exported: 9/6/2024
­N 0 210105
Feet
1 in = 208 ft
when printed at 11x17"
Monitoring Devices
!R Ambient
!.Flow Gauge
!>Stage Recorder
Cross Section
ReachLines_Twiman
MY2 RVP Plot Locations
MY3 RVP Locations (>320
stems/acre)
Fixed Vegetation Plot
MY3 Fixed Veg Plots (>320
stems/acre)
Conservation Easement
Structure
Stream Mitigation
Restoration
Enhancement I
Enhancement II
Enhancement II (3:1)
Enhancement II (5:1)
Enhancement III
MY3 Supplemental Planting
Top of Bank
Twiman
Yadkin County, North Carolina
80.6923°W 36.2148°N
Figure 2a
Current Conditions Plan View
MY4 2024
!R
!.
!.
!>
!>TC2-D
TC2-C
TC3-B
TC2-
B
TC3-A
TC2-A
TC1-A
7
3
2
1
6
54
1
0
9
4
7
5
12
1
1
1
8
2
3
61
2
3
4
AbsentMarginalPresent
Absent
Present
Target Community
In
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S
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Vegetation Condition Assessment
Scouring hand repaired 7/14/23. Live stakes installed 01/24.
Supplemental Live Staking completed 01/2024.
Rock Sills reset 01/24.
Log Sills reset 01/24.
Log Sills added 01/24.
Debris jam treated 01/24.
Supplemental Like Staking completed 01/24.
Cartographer: nshive | POC: XXXX | Path: R:\Resgis\Projects\NC\100152_Twiman\PRO\6_MonitoringMaintenance\MY0-MY7\MY0-MY7_Twiman.aprx | Layout: Figure 2b - CCPV - MY4 2024- Twiman
www.res.us
Reference: This information is not to be used as final
legal boundaries.
Spatial Reference:
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 15N
Date Exported: 9/6/2024
­
N
0 200100
Feet
1 in = 200 ft
when printed at 11x17"
NCDOT Future Encroachment
Supplemental Planting
Monitoring Devices
!R Ambient
!.Flow Gauge
!>Stage Recorder
Cross Section
ReachLines_Twiman
MY2 RVP Plot Locations
MY3 RVP Locations (>320 stems/
acre)
Fixed Vegetation Plot
MY3 Fixed Veg Plots (>320
stems/acre)
Conservation Easement
Structure
Stream Mitigation
Restoration
Enhancement I
Enhancement II
Enhancement II (3:1)
Enhancement II (5:1)
Enhancement III
Top of Bank
Twiman
Yadkin County, North Carolina
80.6851°W 36.2072°N
Figure 2b
Current Conditions Plan View
MY4 2024
!.
TC6-B
TC5-A
TC7
TC6-A
TC5-B
10
9
8
13
1
4
5
AbsentMarginalPresent
Absent
Present
Target Community
In
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S
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Vegetation Condition Assessment
Twiman MY4 Monitoring Device Photos (08/22/2024)

Stage Recorder (TC1-A)

Stage Recorder (TC2-B)

Flow Gauge (TC2-A)

Flow Gauge (TC3-A)

Flow Gauge (TC6-A)

Twiman MY4 Crossing Photos

TC2-C Upstream (08/22/2024)

TC2-C Downstream (08/22/2024)
TC2-A Upstream (08/22/2024) TC2-A Downstream (08/27/2024)

Twiman MY4 Vegetation Photos
Matted and reseeded area by TC2 repair areas (08/27/2024)

Black willow live stakes surrounding TC2 repair areas (08/27/2024)

Successful buttonbush (8/22/2024)

Willow Oak starting to out-compete herbaceous vegetation (8/22/2024)

3 gallon supplemental planted January 2024 (8/22/2024)

Twiman MY4 Bankfull Evidence Photos

Matted vegetation in floodplain located upstream of SR TC2 (08/27/2024)
Matted vegetation in floodplain located downstream of SR TC2 (08/22/2024)
Wrack pile located above crossing downstream of SR TC2 (8/22/2024)
Twiman MY4 Repair Photos

Hand repairs completed 14 July 2023 upstream of XS8 stabilized bank (08/22/2024)

XS1 Debris Jam cleared January 2024 (TC1-A) (01/19/2024)

Rock Sills reset January 2024 ~STA 14+20 (TC1-A) (08/27/2024)

Rock Sills reset January 2024 ~ STA 14+20 (08/27/2024)

Log Sills reset in January 2024 ~STA 14+70 (08/27/2024)

Log Sill added in January 2024 to reduce drop ~STA 16+80 (08/22/24)

Appendix C
Vegetation Plot Data
MY3 Data
Appendix C. Vegetation Assessment Data

Table 5. Planted Species Summary

Table 6. Vegetation Plot Mitigation Success Summary
Plot #
Planted
Stems/Acre
Volunteer
Stems/Acre
Total
Stems/Acre
Success
Criteria
Met?
Avg Planted
Stem Height
(ft)
1 526 0 526 Yes 8.4
2 931 0 931 Yes 2.6
3 647 0 647 Yes 1.7
4 526 0 526 Yes 5.1
5 486 0 486 Yes 6.1
6 567 0 567 Yes 3.4
7 567 0 567 Yes 13.5
8 486 202 688 Yes 3.0
9 971 121 1093 Yes 4.4
10 971 0 971 Yes 5.2
R1 486 0 486 Yes 8.1
R2 526 0 526 Yes 2.8
R3 364 0 364 Yes 3.0
R4 364 0 364 Yes 2.9
R5 769 0 769 Yes 6.9
Project Avg 612 22 634 Yes 5.1
Wetland/Stream Vegetation Totals
(per acre)
Appendix C. Vegetation Assessment Data

Table 7 Stem Count Total and Planted by Plot Species

PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T
Betula nigra river birch Tree 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2
Cephalanthus occidentalis common buttonbush Shrub 5 5 5 1 1 1
Cercis canadensis red bud tree
Cornus amomum silky dogwood Shrub 9 9 9
Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Tree 2 2 2 1 1 1
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Tree
Juglans nigra black walnut Tree 1 1 1 3 3 3
Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree Tree 1 1 1 2 1
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore Tree 11 11 11 7 7 7 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 6 7 7 10 2 2 4 1 1 1
Prunus serotina black cherry Tree 3 3 3
Quercus alba white oak Tree 8 8 8 1 1 1
Quercus lyrata overcup oak Tree
Quercus nigra water oak Tree 1 1 1
Quercus phellos willow oak Tree 1 1 1 15 15 15 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 2 18 18 18 11 11 11
Quercus rubra northern red oak Tree 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 9 9 9
13 13 13 23 23 23 16 16 16 13 13 13 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 14 14 12 12 17 24 24 27 24 24 24
3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5
526 526 526 931 931 931 647 647 647 526 526 526 486 486 486 567 567 567 567 567 567 486 486 688 971 971 1093 971 971 971
PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T
Betula nigra river birch Tree 4 4 4 10 10 10 21 21 22 14 14 14 14 14 14
Cephalanthus occidentalis common buttonbush Shrub 5 5 5 3 3 3 14 14 14 16 16 16 12 12 12 12 12 12
Cercis canadensis red bud tree 3 3 3 1 1 1
Cornus amomum silky dogwood Shrub 9 9 9 11 11 11 10 10 10 15 15 15
Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Tree 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7 14 14 14 3 3 3
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Tree 1 1 1 1 1 1
Juglans nigra black walnut Tree 1 1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 5
Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree Tree 3 3 3 7 7 7 11 11 14 2 2 5 16 16 19 3 3 3
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore Tree 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 1 1 1 49 49 54 65 65 93 50 50 157 54 54 54
Prunus serotina black cherry Tree 5 5 5 8 8 8 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3
Quercus alba white oak Tree 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
Quercus lyrata overcup oak Tree 3 3 3
Quercus nigra water oak Tree 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 12 12 12
Quercus phellos willow oak Tree 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 74 74 74 76 76 76 90 90 164 120 120 120
Quercus rubra northern red oak Tree 1 1 1 2 2 2 29 29 29 35 35 35 35 35 35 94 94 94
12 12 12 13 13 13 9 9 9 9 9 9 19 19 19 227 227 235 258 258 290 252 252 436 343 343 343
5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 13 13 13 12 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 12
486 486 486 526 526 526 364 364 364 364 364 364 769 769 769 612 612 634 696 696 782 680 680 1176 925 925 925
0.37 0.37
Species count
Stems per ACRE
R5R4R1R2R3
15
0.37
MY2 (2022)MY1 (2021)
0.37
15 15
0.02
15size (ares)1 1 1 1 1
size (ACRES)0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
1
0.02
MY3 (2023)MY0 (2020)
Stem count
Annual Means
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type
Current Plot Data (MY3 2023)
0.02
1
0.02
1
0.02
Stem count
size (ares)
size (ACRES)
Species count
Stems per ACRE
1
0.02
07172020-01-0007 07172020-01-0008 07172020-01-0009
1
0.02
1
0.02
1
0.02
1
0.02
1
0.02
1
07172020-01-0010
Current Plot Data (MY3 2023)
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type
07172020-01-0001 07172020-01-0002 07172020-01-0003 07172020-01-0004 07172020-01-0005 07172020-01-0006

Appendix D
Stream Measurement and
Geomorphology Data
MY3 Data
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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(
f
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)
Distance (ft)
Twiman -Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 1 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 893.3 893.1 893.2 893.2
Bankfull Width (ft)1 16.6 19.4 18.7 16.0
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)893.3 892.8 892.9 893.2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2 21.4 16.5 16.9 14.6
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio1 ------------
Cross Section 1 (Pool - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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(
f
t
)
Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 2 -Riffle -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 893.3 893.3 893.4 893.4
Bankfull Width (ft)1 15.7 19.9 16.8 19.9
Floodprone Width (ft)1 49.9 >50.0 >50.2 >50.2
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)893.3 893.2 893.3 893.4
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 20.9 19.2 19.8 18.9
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 3.2 >2.5 >3 2.5
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Cross Section 2 (Riffle - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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(
f
t
)
Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 3 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 890.9 891.0 891.1 891.3
Bankfull Width (ft)1 17.1 25.0 16.9 16.2
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)890.9 891.0 891.0 891.3
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 23.1 22.0 22.0 22.6
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 3 (Pool - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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n

(
f
t
)
Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 4 -Riffle -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 890.9 890.7 890.8 891.0
Bankfull Width (ft)1 19.5 16.9 16.9 13.3
Floodprone Width (ft)1 49.9 >50.0 >49.7 >45.4
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.4
Low Bank Elevation (ft)890.9 890.9 890.9 891.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 25.5 28.4 27.3 26.3
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 2.6 >3.0 >2.9 3.4
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Cross Section 4 (Riffle - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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(
f
t
)
Distance (ft)
Twiman -Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 5 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 886.4 886.1 886.3 885.9
Bankfull Width (ft)1 17.1 23.4 20.7 13.6
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.6
Low Bank Elevation (ft)886.4 885.8 886.1 885.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 29.7 23.9 26.0 21.1
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 5 (Pool - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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(
f
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)
Distance (ft)
Twiman -Reach TC1-A -Cross Section 6 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 886.0 886.1 886.2 886.1
Bankfull Width (ft)1 18.9 17.4 18.1 19.6
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)886.0 886.0 886.0 885.8
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 24.8 22.4 22.3 22.6
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 6 (Pool - Reach TC1-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC2-A -Cross Section 7 -Riffle -Enhancement I
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 929.7 929.9 929.9 929.8
Bankfull Width (ft)1 7.1 11.9 8.2 6.1
Floodprone Width (ft)1 32.2 31.8 30.8 29.1
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9
Low Bank Elevation (ft)929.7 929.6 929.8 929.8
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 4.8 2.6 4.3 3.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 4.5 2.7 3.8 4.8
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0
Cross Section 7 (Riffle - Reach TC2-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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f
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC2-A -Cross Section 8 -Riffle -Enhancement I
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 929.1 929.2 929.2 929.1
Bankfull Width (ft)1 7.6 9.5 7.8 8.1
Floodprone Width (ft)1 24.4 24.7 25.3 25.9
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.7
Low Bank Elevation (ft)929.1 929.3 929.1 928.7
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 5.6 6.4 4.7 8.1
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.3
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8
Cross Section 8 (Riffle - Reach TC2-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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f
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC2-B -Cross Section 9 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 903.5 903.5 903.6 903.7
Bankfull Width (ft)1 7.0 7.8 7.7 6.6
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.5
Low Bank Elevation (ft)903.5 903.5 903.6 903.7
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.8
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 9 (Pool - Reach TC2-B)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC2-B -Cross Section 10 -Riffle -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 902.7 902.7 902.7 902.9
Bankfull Width (ft)1 6.2 7.7 8.9 7.2
Floodprone Width (ft)1 47.5 >49.1 48.6 45.7
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.8
Low Bank Elevation (ft)902.7 902.7 902.6 902.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 4.4 4.3 3.9 6.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 7.7 >6.4 >5.4 6.4
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0
Cross Section 10 (Riffle - Reach TC2-B)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
El
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC3-B -Cross Section 11 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 911.7 911.8 912.0 911.9
Bankfull Width (ft)1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.1
Low Bank Elevation (ft)911.7 911.8 912.0 911.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.2
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 11 (Pool - Reach TC3-B)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC3-B -Cross Section 12 -Riffle -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 911.3 911.5 911.7 911.6
Bankfull Width (ft)1 11.6 8.7 9.0 11.8
Floodprone Width (ft)1 50.0 >49.8 >50.0 >50
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4
Low Bank Elevation (ft)911.3 911.5 911.5 911.4
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 6.6 6.3 5.4 5.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 4.3 >5.7 >5.6 4.2
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9
Cross Section 12 (Riffle - Reach TC3-B)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC6-A -Cross Section 13 -Riffle -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023
Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation Floodprone Area
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 907.7 907.7 907.6 907.7
Bankfull Width (ft)1 11.7 13.8 8.6 7.8
Floodprone Width (ft)1 48.1 >45.6 >47.1 41.4
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)907.7 907.6 907.6 907.6
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.2
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 4.1 >3.3 >5.5 8.2
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
Cross Section 13 (Riffle - Reach TC6-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Upstream Downstream
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48
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(
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Distance (ft)
Twiman-Reach TC6-A -Cross Section 14 -Pool -Restoration
MY0 2020 MY1 2021 MY2 2022 MY3 2023 Approx. Bankfull Low Bank Elevation
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 907.1 907.1 907.1 907.0
Bankfull Width (ft)1 4.1 5.7 5.5 4.7
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5
Low Bank Elevation (ft)907.1 907.1 907.0 907.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft 2 )2 3.7 3.9 3.5 2.9
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio 1 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio 1 ------------
Cross Section 14 (Pool - Reach TC6-A)
3x Vertical
Exaggerration
Parameter Gauge
2
Dimension and Substrate - Riffle Only LL UL Eq. Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n Min Med Max Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n
Bankfull Width (ft)--- --- ------ --- 16.7 --- --- 1 4.4 8.9 7.1 15.3 --- 3 14.9 --- 17.0 15.7 17.6 --- 19.5 2.7 2
Floodprone Width (ft)--- --- 20.0 --- --- 1 >10 --- >16 >30 --- 3 80.0 --- 115.0 49.9 49.9 --- 49.9 0.0 2
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)--- --- ------ --- 1.5 --- --- 1 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.6 --- 3 1.7 --- 1.8 --- --- --- --- --- ---
1Bankfull Max Depth (ft)--- --- 2.0 --- --- 1 0.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 --- 3 2.2 --- 2.3 1.9 2.5 --- 3.0 0.8 2
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)--- --- ------ --- 25.3 --- --- 1 2.8 11.1 6.7 23.9 --- 3 24.6 --- 30.5 20.9 23.2 --- 25.5 3.32
Width/Depth Ratio --- --- 11.0 --- --- 1 6.9 8.0 7.4 9.8 --- 3 9.0 --- 9.5 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Entrenchment Ratio --- --- 1.2 --- --- 1 >2.2 >2.2 >2.2 >2.2 --- 3 >2.2 --- >2.2 2.6 2.9 --- 3.2 0.4 2
1Bank Height Ratio --- --- 3.9 --- --- 1 1.0 1.2 --- 1.3 --- 3 1.0 --- 1.0 1.0 1.0 --- 1.0 0.0 2
Riffle Length (ft)------ ---
------ ---
2 --- ---
35 --- ---
12 --- 41 9.5 19.0 18.8 36.1 6.3 20
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)------ --------- --------- --------- ------ --- --- 0.4 2.6 2.7 5.3 1.5 20
Pool Length (ft)------ --------- ---2 --- ---18 --- ---3 --- 21 19.3 60.4 57.6 107.5 26.0 19
Pool Max depth (ft)--- --- --- --- --- --------- --------- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Pool Spacing (ft)------ --------- ---8 --- ---62 --- ---29 --- 72 32.9 79.2 74.5 125.3 28.5 19
Channel Beltwidth (ft)--- --- --- --- --- --- 18 --- --- 114 --- --- 29 --- 83 29 --- --- 83 --- ---
Radius of Curvature (ft)--- --- --- --- --- --- 6 --- --- 73 --- --- 34 --- 75 34 --- --- 75 --- ---
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft)--- --- --- --- --- --- 1 --- --- 5 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- --- 5 --- ---
Meander Wavelength (ft)--- --- --- --- --- --- 28 --- --- 345 --- --- 75 --- 235 75 --- --- 235 --- ---
Meander Width Ratio --- --- --- --- --- --- 2 --- --- 8 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- --- 5 --- ---
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f2
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m2
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Velocity (fps) --- --- ---
Bankfull Discharge (cfs) --- --- ---
Valley length (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
3Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Channel Stability or Habitat Metric
Biological or Other
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.
1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudinal profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
3. Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from the top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Profile
Pattern
Transport parameters
Additional Reach Parameters
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary
Twiman Mitigation Site - Reach TC1-A
Regional Curve Pre-Existing Condition Reference Reach(es) Data Design Monitoring Baseline
G4c E4 E4 E4
--- --- --- ---
------
1668 1500 900 ---
1478 1238 802 ---
---
0.007 --- 0.007 ---
--- ---
--- ---
--- ---
0.006 0.01
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
---
0.006 ---
--- ---------
1.13 1.21 1.12
Parameter Gauge
2
Dimension and Substrate - Riffle Only LL UL Eq.Min Mean Med Max SD5 n Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n Min Med Max Min Mean Med Max SD5 n
Bankfull Width (ft)--- --- ------ --- 8.0 --- --- 1
4.4 8.9 7.1 15.3 --- 3 5.4 --- 8.0 --- --- 6.2 --- --- ---
Floodprone Width (ft) --- --- 10.0 --- --- 1
>10 --- >16 >30 --- 3 >12 --- >18 --- --- 47.5 --- --- ---
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)--- --- ------ --- 0.8 --- --- 1
0.6 1.1 1.0 1.6 --- 3 0.7 --- 0.8 --- --- --- --- --- ---
1Bankfull Max Depth (ft)--- --- 1.0 --- --- 1
0.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 --- 3 0.8 --- 1.0 --- --- 1.0 --- --- ---
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)--- --- ------ --- 6.4 --- --- 1
2.8 11.1 6.7 23.9 --- 3 3.7 --- 6.0 --- --- 4.4 --- --- ---
Width/Depth Ratio --- --- 9.8 --- --- 1
6.9 8.0 7.4 9.8 --- 3 7.9 --- 10.7 --- --- --- --- --- ---
Entrenchment Ratio --- --- 1.3 --- --- 1
>2.2 >2.2 >2.2 >2.2 --- 3 >2.2 --- >2.2 --- --- 7.7 --- --- ---
1Bank Height Ratio --- --- 3.1 --- --- 1
1.0 1.2 --- 1.3 --- 3 1.0 --- 1.0 --- --- 1.0 --- --- ---
Riffle Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
235--- ---5 --- 19 0.6 9.1 6.8 27.6 6.2 19
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- 0.4 13.4 4.0 171.9 38.6 19
Pool Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
218--- ---2 --- 10 5.7 22.0 19.8 47.5 11.9 19
Pool Max depth (ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Pool Spacing (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
862--- ---6 --- 34 15.8 31.1 32.6 57.5 13.3 19
Channel Beltwidth (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
18 --- --- 114 --- --- 13 --- 26 13 --- --- 26 --- ---
Radius of Curvature (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
6 --- --- 73 --- --- 9 --- 35 9 --- --- 35 --- ---
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
1 --- --- 5 --- --- 2 --- 4 2 --- --- 4 --- ---
Meander Wavelength (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
28 --- --- 345 --- --- 25 --- 85 25 --- --- 85 --- ---
Meander Width Ratio --- --- --- --- --- ---
2 --- --- 8 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- --- 5 --- ---
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f2
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m2
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Velocity (fps)--- --- ---
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)--- --- ---
Valley length (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
3Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Channel Stability or Habitat Metric
Biological or Other
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.
1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudinal profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
3. Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from the top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Profile
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary (continued)
Twiman Mitigation Site - Reach TC2-B
Regional Curve Pre-Existing Condition Reference Reach(es) Data Design Monitoring Baseline
Pattern
Transport parameters
------ ---
------ ---
------ ---
Additional Reach Parameters
A4 E4/E4B E4
--- ---
---
---
---
---
435 ------
551 ---
498
607
1.27 ------
0.057 ------
1.22
0.057
0.047 ------
---------
0.025
---
------
------
------
Parameter Gauge
2
Dimension and Substrate - Riffle Only LL UL Eq.Min Mean Med Max SD5 n Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n Min Med Max Min Mean Med Max SD5 n
Bankfull Width (ft)--- --- ------ --- 4.5 --- --- 1
4.4 8.9 7.1 15.3 --- 3 --- 4.8 --- --- --- 11.6 --- --- ---
Floodprone Width (ft) --- --- 7.0 --- --- 1
>10 --- >16 >30 --- 3 --- >11 --- --- --- 50.0 --- --- ---
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)--- --- ------ --- 0.5 --- --- 1
0.6 1.1 1.0 1.6 --- 3 --- 0.5 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
1Bankfull Max Depth (ft)--- --- 0.8 --- --- 1
0.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 --- 3 --- 0.7 --- --- --- 1.6 --- --- ---
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)--- --- ------ --- 2.4 --- --- 1
2.8 11.1 6.7 23.9 --- 3 --- 2.5 --- --- --- 6.6 --- --- ---
Width/Depth Ratio --- --- 8.7 --- --- 1
6.9 8.0 7.4 9.8 --- 3 --- 9.1 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Entrenchment Ratio --- --- 1.6 --- --- 1
>2.2 >2.2 >2.2 >2.2 --- 3 --- >2.2 --- --- --- 4.3 --- --- ---
1Bank Height Ratio --- --- 3.2 --- --- 1
1.0 1.2 --- 1.3 --- 3 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 --- --- ---
Riffle Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
235--- ---3 --- 17 1.3 7.6 6.0 17.8 4.3 27
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- 0.3 9.1 5.1 61.4 13.6 27
Pool Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
218--- ---3 --- 9 2.5 22.0 18.2 80.0 16.6 26
Pool Max depth (ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Pool Spacing (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
862--- ---11 --- 32 3.7 29.3 23.5 85.8 16.9 26
Channel Beltwidth (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
18 --- --- 114 --- --- 10 --- 22 10 --- --- 22 --- ---
Radius of Curvature (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
6 --- --- 73 --- --- 10 --- 23 10 --- --- 23 --- ---
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
1 --- --- 5 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- --- 5 --- ---
Meander Wavelength (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
28 --- --- 345 --- --- 32 --- 82 32 --- --- 82 --- ---
Meander Width Ratio --- --- --- --- --- ---
2 --- --- 8 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- --- 5 --- ---
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f2
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m2
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Velocity (fps)--- --- ---
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)--- --- ---
Valley length (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
3Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Channel Stability or Habitat Metric
Biological or Other
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.
1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudinal profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
3. Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from the top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Profile
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary (continued)
Twiman Mitigation Site - Reach TC3-B
Regional Curve Pre-Existing Condition Reference Reach(es) Data Design Monitoring Baseline
Pattern
Transport parameters
------ ---
------ ---
------ ---
Additional Reach Parameters
B5 E4/E4b E4
E4
--- --- ---
---
------
748 --- 790
---
535 --- 715
---
0.067 --- 0.067
---
1.4 --- 1.1
---
------------
0.043 --- 0.028
---
------
------
------
Parameter Gauge
2
Dimension and Substrate - Riffle Only LL UL Eq.Min Mean Med Max SD5 n Min Mean Med Max SD
5 n Min Med Max Min Mean Med Max SD5 n
Bankfull Width (ft)--- --- ------ --- 5.2 --- --- 1
4.4 8.9 7.1 15.3 --- 3 --- 4.0 --- --- --- 11.7 --- --- ---
Floodprone Width (ft) --- --- 16.0 --- --- 1
>10 --- >16 >30 --- 3 --- 27.0 --- --- --- 48.1 --- --- ---
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)--- --- ------ --- 0.6 --- --- 1
0.6 1.1 1.0 1.6 --- 3 --- 0.4 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
1Bankfull Max Depth (ft)--- --- 0.9 --- --- 1
0.9 1.4 1.2 2.0 --- 3 --- 0.6 --- --- --- 1.0 --- --- ---
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)--- --- ------ --- 2.9 --- --- 1
2.8 11.1 6.7 23.9 --- 3 --- 1.8 --- --- --- 3.2 --- --- ---
Width/Depth Ratio --- --- 9.1 --- --- 1
6.9 8.0 7.4 9.8 --- 3 --- 8.9 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Entrenchment Ratio --- --- >2.2 --- --- 1
>2.2 >2.2 >2.2 >2.2 --- 3 --- >2.2 --- --- --- 4.1 --- --- ---
1Bank Height Ratio --- --- 1.6 --- --- 1
1.0 1.2 --- 1.3 --- 3 --- 1.0 --- --- --- 1.0 --- --- ---
Riffle Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
2 --- ---
35 --- ---3 --- 14 3.2 11.6 9.6 21.8 5.7 24
Riffle Slope (ft/ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- 0.2 3.6 3.2 8.3 2.2 24
Pool Length (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
2 --- ---18 --- ---2 --- 7 5.5 24.3 21.9 99.1 19.2 23
Pool Max depth (ft)--- --- --- ------ ---
------ --------- ------ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Pool Spacing (ft) ------ ------ --- ---
8 --- ---62 --- ---9 --- 27 15.6 35.5 30.0 111.8 19.7 23
Channel Beltwidth (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
18 --- --- 114 --- --- 12 --- 19 12 --- ---
19 --- ---
Radius of Curvature (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
6 --- --- 73 --- --- 8 --- 19 8 --- ---
19 --- ---
Rc:Bankfull width (ft/ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
1 --- --- 5 --- --- 2 --- 5 2 --- ---
5 --- ---
Meander Wavelength (ft) --- --- --- --- --- ---
28 --- --- 345 --- --- 22 --- 57 22 --- ---
57 --- ---
Meander Width Ratio --- --- --- --- --- ---
2 --- --- 8 --- --- 3 --- 5 3 --- ---
5 --- ---
Reach Shear Stress (competency) lb/f2
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Stream Power (transport capacity) W/m2
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Velocity (fps)--- --- ---
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)--- --- ---
Valley length (ft)
Channel Thalweg length (ft)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
Channel slope (ft/ft)
3Bankfull Floodplain Area (acres)
4% of Reach with Eroding Banks
Channel Stability or Habitat Metric
Biological or Other
Shaded cells indicate that these will typically not be filled in.
1 = The distributions for these parameters can include information from both the cross-section measurements and the longitudinal profile. 2 = For projects with a proximal USGS gauge in-line with the project reach (added bankfull verification - rare).
3. Utilizing XS measurement data produce an estimate of the bankfull floodplain area in acres, which should be the area from the top of bank to the toe of the terrace riser/slope.
4 = Proportion of reach exhibiting banks that are eroding based on the visual survey for comparison to monitoring data; 5. Of value/needed only if the n exceeds 3
Profile
Table 8. Baseline Stream Data Summary (continued)
Twiman Mitigation Site - Reach TC6-A
Regional Curve Pre-Existing Condition Reference Reach(es) Data Design Monitoring Baseline
Pattern
Transport parameters
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Additional Reach Parameters
--- E4/E4b E4
E4
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--- --- 924
--- --- 843
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--- --- 0.036
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--- --- 1.1
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--- --- 0.028
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Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 893.3 893.1 893.2 893.5 893.3 893.3 893.4 893.6 890.9 891.0 891.1 891.2 890.9 890.7 890.8 890.9 886.4 886.1 886.3 886.4
Bankfull Width (ft)1 16.6 19.4 18.7 23.6 15.7 19.9 16.8 18.9 17.1 25.0 16.9 23.1 19.5 16.9 16.9 15.3 17.1 23.4 20.7 29.9
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------49.9 >50.0 >50.2 50.1 ------------49.9 >50.0 >49.7 50.0 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.0
Low Bank Elevation (ft)893.30 892.8 892.9 893.3 893.3 893.2 893.3 893.4 890.9 891.0 891.0 891.2 890.9 890.9 890.9 890.8 886.4 885.8 886.1 886.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2 21.4 16.5 16.9 16.0 20.9 19.2 19.8 18.8 23.1 22.0 22.0 21.7 25.5 28.4 27.3 23.7 29.7 23.9 26.0 21.5
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 ------------3.2 >2.5 >3 2.7 ------------2.6 >3.0 >2.9 3.2 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio1 ------------1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 ------------1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ------------
Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 886.0 886.1 886.2 886.1 929.7 929.9 929.9 929.8 929.1 929.2 929.2 928.4 903.5 903.5 903.6 903.4 902.7 902.7 902.7 902.6
Bankfull Width (ft)1 18.9 17.4 18.1 26.6 7.1 11.9 8.2 9.0 7.6 9.5 7.8 6.3 7.0 7.8 7.7 7.8 6.2 7.7 8.9 5.7
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------32.2 31.8 30.8 29.5 24 24.7 25.3 17.9 ------------48 >49.1 48.6 47.5
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.8
Low Bank Elevation (ft)886.0 886.0 886.0 886.1 929.7 929.6 929.8 929.8 929.1 929.3 929.1 928.7 903.5 903.5 903.6 903.7 902.70 902.7 902.6 902.9
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2 24.8 22.4 22.3 22.6 4.8 2.6 4.3 3.5 5.6 6.4 4.7 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.9 6.8 4.4 4.3 3.9 6.4
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 ------------4.5 2.7 3.8 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.8 ------------7.7 >6.4 >5.4 8.4
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio1 ------------1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.3 ------------1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2
Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) - Based on AB-XSA1 911.7 911.8 912.0 911.9 911.3 911.5 911.7 911.6 907.7 907.7 907.6 907.7 907.1 907.1 907.1 907.1
Bankfull Width (ft)1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 11.6 8.7 9.0 19.9 11.7 13.8 8.6 13.1 4.1 5.7 5.5 7.3
Floodprone Width (ft)1 ------------50.0 >49.8 >50.0 49.7 48.1 >45.6 >47.1 47.1 ------------
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5
Low Bank Elevation (ft)911.70 911.8 912.0 911.9 911.3 911.5 911.5 911.4 907.67 907.6 907.6 907.6 907.1 907.1 907.0 907.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.2 6.6 6.3 5.4 5.4 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.5 2.9
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 ------------4.3 >5.7 >5.6 2.5 4.1 >3.3 >5.5 3.6 ------------
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio1 ------------1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 ------------
1 - Uses the as-built cross sectional area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
2 - Uses the current years low top of bank as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation
Appendix D. Table 9 - Monitoring Data - Dimensional Morphology Summary (Dimensional Parameters – Cross Sections)
Project Name: Twiman
Cross Section 1 (Pool)Cross Section 2 (Riffle)Cross Section 3 (Pool)Cross Section 4 (Riffle)Cross Section 5 (Pool)
Cross Section 14 (Pool)
Cross Section 9 (Pool)Cross Section 10 (Riffle)
Cross Section 11 (Pool)Cross Section 12 (Riffle)
Cross Section 6 (Pool)Cross Section 7 (Riffle)Cross Section 8 (Riffle)
Cross Section 13 (Riffle)
Appendix E
Hydrology Data
Table 10. 2023-2024 Rainfall Summary

30 Percent 70 Percent
August 4.49 3.11 5.34 4.80
September 4.31 2.69 5.21 7.81
October 3.23 1.90 3.89 0.98
November 3.10 1.67 3.78 1.75
December 3.77 2.59 4.50 6.56
January 3.63 2.63 4.28 7.31
February 3.35 2.36 3.97 1.85
March 3.65 2.55 4.34 4.71
April 4.01 2.52 4.84 2.70
May 3.93 2.57 4.71 8.31
June 4.38 3.18 5.17 1.60
July 4.96 3.55 5.87 7.94
August 4.49 3.11 5.34 3.79
Total Annual **46.80 42.02 50.84 55.32 ***
Above Normal
Limits
Below Normal
Limits
2023
2024
Month Average Normal Limits Project Location
Precipitation*
WETS Station: Yadkinville 6E. Approximately 6 miles from site.
*Project Location Precipitation is a location-weighted average of surrounding gauged data retrieved by the
USACE Antecedent Precipitation Tool. Gauges used include Elkin, Jonesville 2.0 WSW, Yadkinville 0.2 E,
Dobson 2.3 SE, and Yadkinville 6 E.
**Total Annual represents the average total precipitation, annually, as calculated by the 30-year period.
***Total Annual Project Location Precipitation is a sum of the 12 month period from September 2023 to August
2024.
Table 11. Documentation of Geomorphically Significant Flow Events

MY0/1 2020 8 2.07
MY1 2021 3 0.69
MY2 2022 3 1.57
MY3 2023 4 2.70
MY4 2024 3 2.59
MY0/1 2020 2 0.79
MY1 2021 2 0.21
MY2 2022 7 5.19
MY3 2023 1 0.30
MY4 2024 ------
MY0/1 2020 1 161 161 7/24/2020 - 12/31/2020
MY1 2021 1 264 264 1/1/2021 - 9/23/2021
MY2 2022 1 229 229 1/1/2022 - 8/17/2022
MY3 2023 1 225 225 1/1/2023 - 8/14/2023
MY4 2024 1 235 235 1/1/2024 - 8/22/2024
MY0/1 2020 1 161 161 7/24/2020 - 12/31/2020
MY1 2021 1 265 265 1/1/2021 - 9/23/2021
MY2 2022 1 150 192 1/1/2022 - 5/30/2022
MY3 2023 1 225 225 1/1/2023 - 8/14/2023
MY4 2024 4 120 222 1/1/2024 - 4/30/2024
MY0/1 2020 1 161 161 7/24/2020 - 12/31/2020
MY1 2021 1 265 265 1/1/2021 - 9/23/2021
MY2 2022 7 51 103 1/1/2022 - 2/21/2022
MY3 2023 1 225 225 1/1/2023 - 8/14/2023
MY4 2024 5 95 211 03/21/2024 - 06/24/2024
Stage Recorder TC2-C
11/12/2020
11/12/2020
2/15/2021
7/7/2022
4/28/2023
5/18/2024
Year Number of Bankfull
Events
Maximum Bankfull
Height (ft)Date of Maximum Bankfull Event
Stage Recorder TC1-A
Flow Gauge TC2-A
Flow Gauge TC3-A
Flow Gauge TC6-A
7/2/2021
1/22/2022
4/28/2023
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Year Number of Flow
Events
Maximum Consecutive
Flow Days
Maximum Cummlative Flow
Days
Maximum Consecutive Flow
Date Range
0
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Twiman MY4 Stage Recorder TC1-A
Daily Precip (in)SR TC1-A Top of Bank
Max Event -2.59 ft. above TOB
05/18/2024
Hardware malfunction 04/16/2024, device
replaced 05/14/2024
0
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Twiman MY4 Flow Gauge TC2-A
Daily Precip (in)FG TC2-A Downstream Riffle Elevation
235 Days of Consecutive Flow
01/01/2024-08/22/2024
0
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Twiman MY4 Flow Gauge TC3-A
Daily Precip (in)FG TC3-A Downstream Riffle Elevation
120 Days of Consecutive Flow
01/01/2024-04/30/2024
0
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-1
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Twiman MY4 Flow Gauge TC6-A
Daily Precip (in)FG TC6-A Downstream Riffle Elevation
95 Days of Consecutive Flow
03/21/2024-06/24/2024