NC0087840_Permit Issuance_20040728

S
Michael F. Easley, Governor
State of North Carolina
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
July 28, 2004
Honorable Bobby Ray Bissette
Town of Middlesex
P.O. Box 69
Middlesex, North Carolina 27557
Subject: NPDES Permit Issuance
Permit NCO087840
Middlesex WTP
Nash County
Dear Mayor Bissette:
Division personnel have reviewed and approved your application for renewal of the
subject permit. Accordingly, we are forwarding the attached final NPDES discharge permit.
This permit is issued pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143-
215.1 and the Memorandum of Agreement between North Carolina and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency dated May 9, 1994 (or as subsequently amended).
Because of concerns expressed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding this
discharge, the attached final permit includes instream monitoring for total suspended solids,
iron, and manganese.
Before discharge from the subject facility can commence, an Authorization to
Construct permit shall be issued by the Division. Because of concerns expressed by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, the backwash treatment system must consist of a holding tank
upstream of filtration.
If any parts, measurement frequencies or sampling requirements contained in this
permit are unacceptable to you, you have the right to an adjudicatory hearing upon written
request within thirty (30) days following receipt of this letter. This request must be in the
form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B of the North Carolina General
Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings (6714 Mail Service Center,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-6714). Unless such demand is made, this permit shall be final
and binding.
Please take notice that this permit is not transferable. This permit does not affect the
legal requirements to obtain other permits which may be required by the Division of Water
Quality or permits required by the Division of Land Resources, Coastal Area Management Act,
or any other Federal or Local governmental permits which may be required.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate to
contact Mark McIntire of my staff at [phone], extension 508.
Sincerely,
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY
Mark McIntire
Alan W. Klimek, P.E.
cc: Central Files
NPDES Unit Files
Raleigh Regional Office
1617 MAIL SERVICE CENTER, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1617 - TELEPHONE [phone]/FAX [phone]
VISIT US ON THE WEB AT http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES

Permit NCO087840
4
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1, other lawful standards
and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmental Management
Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Town of Middlesex
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwater from a facility located at
Middlesex Water Well No. 4
Nash Street
Middlesex
Nash County
to receiving waters designated as an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek in the Neuse River Basin in
accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts
I, II, III, and IV hereof.
The permit shall become effective September 1, 2004.
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on May 31, 2008.
Signed this day July 28, 2004.
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY
Mark McIntire
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

i
Permit NCO087840 WF
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
Town of Middlesex
is hereby authorized to:
1. After receiving an Authorization to Construct, construct and operate a greensand
filtration system located at the Town of Middlesex Well No. 4, Nash Street, Middlesex in
Nash County; and
2. Discharge greensand filter backwash from the treatment works described in item one at
the location specified on the attached map into an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek,
a class C-NSW water in the Neuse River Basin.

236
Outfan 001
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qs
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Fa
StBethd P
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M lesex
Memqj I Gar
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Town of Middlesex - NCO087840
Facility •
Location
USGS Quad Name: Middlesex
Lat.: 35'47'28"
Receiving Stream: UT to Turkey Creek
Long.: 78011'32"
Stream Class: C-NSW
A
for7th
Not to SCALE
Subbasin: Broad - 030407

s
Permit NCO087840 t
Part I - Section A
1. EFFLUENT LUKITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge
from OutfaU 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the Permittee as specified below:
PARAMETER
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Avera a
Daily
Maximum
Measurement
Fre uenc
Sample
Type
Sample
Location'
Flow (MGD)
0.0034
Instantaneous
Estimate
Effluent
Total Suspended Solids
30.0 mg/L
45.0 mg/L
2/Month
Grab
Effluent, U,D
Iron
Monthly
Grab
Effluent, U,D
Manganese
Monthly
Grab
Effluent, U,D
Fluoride
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
pH
Between 6.0 and 9.0 Standard Units
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Total Residual Chlorine
28 µg/L
2/Month
Grab
Effluent
ZinczI
T Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Notes:
1 U - An accessible location on Turkey Creek upstream of the confluence of the discharge conveyance; D - An
accessible location on Turkey Creek downstream of the confluence of the discharge conveyance. Upstream
and downstream sampling shall be grab samples collected 2/month during the months of June, July,
August, and September.
2 Zinc shall be monitored if the permittee uses any zinc -based additive in the water treatment process.
THERE SHALL BE NO DISCHARGE OF FLOATING SOLIDS OR VISIBLE FOAM IN OTHER THAN TRACE
AMOUNTS.

O� W ATFR
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� r
Michael F. Easley, Governor
William G. Ross Jr., Secretary
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E. Director
Division of Water Quality
o �
aQ �,� - June 17, 2004
Ken Schuster 4
rom: Myrl Nisely/ Wilson Mize
Re: Review of Middlesex Draft Permit
Permit No. NCO087840
Middlesex, NC
Nash County
There was no coversheet from downtown for this draft permit, so this memo is to notify those
concerned that Wilson Mize and I have reviewed this permit and find no changes needed.
Raleigh Regional Office
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Honorable Bobby Ray Bissette
Town of Middlesex
P.O. Box 69
Middlesex, North Carolina 27557
Dear Mayor Bissette:
Michael F. Easley, Governor
State of North Carolina
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environm t and Natural Resources
KlI 9k.P.E., Director
April 14, 2004 p
J
Subject: Draft NPDES Per -nit'' -
Permit NCO087840
Middlesex WI?
Nash County
Enclosed with this letter is a copy of the draft permit for your facility. Please review the draft carefully to
sure thorough understanding of the conditions and requirements -it contains.
Submit any comments to me by May 21, 2004. Comments should be sent to my attention at the address
listed at the bottom of this page. If you have any comments, questions, or concerns regarding this draft
permit, call me at [phone], extension 508.
Sincerely,
Mark D. McIntire, P.E.
NPDES Unit
enclosures
cc: NPDES Unit
Raleigh Regional Office / Water Quality Section (draft permit)
1617 MAIL SERVICE CENTER, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-161 7 - TELEPHONE [phone]/FAX [phone]
VISIT US ON THE WEB AT http://h2o.enr.State.nc.us/NPDES

Permit NCO087840
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of North•Carolina General lStatute 14P-215.1, other lawful standards
and regulations promulgated and adopted by the`, North CaroliO Environmental Management
Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,l
Town of Middlesex is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater and stormwatet from a facility loeated at
Middlesex Water Well No. 4
Nash Street
Mc dlese
Nash County
to receiving waters designated as an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek in the Neuse River Basin in
accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in Parts
1, II, III, and N hereof.
The permit shall become effective
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on May 31, 2008.
Signed this day
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET
Town of Middlesex
is hereby authorized to:
Permit NCO087840
1. After receiving -an Authorization to Construct, construct and operate a greensand
filtration system located at the Town of Middlesex Well No. 4, Nash Street. Middlesex in
Nash County; and
2. Discharge greensand filter backwash from the treatment works described in item one at
the location specified on the attached map into an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek,
a class C-NSW water in the Neuse River Basin.
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Town of Middlesex - NCO087840 Facility
Location 'T1 6
USGS Quad Name: Middlesex Lat.: 35°47'28"
Receiving Stream: UT to Turkey Creek Long.: 78°11'32"
Stream Class: C-NSW Subbasin: Broad - 030407 orth Not to SCALE

Permit NCO087840
Part I - Section A
1. EFFLUENT LIIYIITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Beginning on the effective date of this permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge
from Outfall 001. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the Permittee as specified below:
PARAMETER
FLUENT LIMITATIONS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Mon Y
Avg ...
Vie eWY
Averao
1;..
Mart
�asu�rement
�e tlen
Sate le
P
e
Pie..
can
Flow (MGD)
0.0034
Instantaneous
Estimate
Effluent
Total Suspended Solids
30.0 mg/L
45.0 mg/L
2/Month
Grab
Effluent
Iron
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Manganese
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Fluoride
b
Effluent
PH
�;
Stand
_
b
b
Effluent
Effluent
Total Residual Chlorin
_
/L
2/Mont
Zinc'
:'
`' `
thly
Grab
Effluent
TIP
Notes:
1 Zinc shall be
THERE SHALL BE
AMOUNTS.
e in the wa tment process.
N OTHER THAN TRACE

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, North Carolina 27636-3726
May 21, 2004
Mr. Dave Goodrich
NPDES Unit
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Dear Mr. Goodrich:
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the public notice and draft permit for the
proposed new National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge sought by the Town
of Middlesex (draft permit number NC0087840). The facility proposes to discharge backwash from a
greensand filtration water treatment system for a groundwater well at a rate of 0.0034 million gallons per
day (mgd) to an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek, a Class C NSW stream in the Neuse River Basin.
The area of the confluence of the unnamed tributary with Turkey Creek is known habitat for the federally -
listed endangered dwarf wedge mussel (Alasmidonta heterodon). These comments are submitted in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-
667e), and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S. 1531-1543) (Act).
The Service's primary concern with the draft permit is related to the potential for episodic backwash
events (anticipated to occur during a twenty -minute cycle once every six weeks) to result in discharge of
effluent laden with metals (particularly iron and manganese) and solids to the unnamed tributary to
Turkey Creek. This short drainage pathway above Turkey Creek and sensitive mussel habitats has been
described as a 2,000-foot grassy swale according to NPDES Unit staff; however, a 0.202 cubic feet per
second (cfs) summer 7Q10 flow is reported for the unnamed tributary. These conflicting descriptions
make an assessment of actual receiving stream conditions unclear; however, if the unnamed tributary
functions as a grassy ditch (if only seasonally), it appears that this environment would not afford
sufficient dilution capacity or retention capability to assure that downgradient Turkey Creek mussel
habitats will not be impacted by backwash effluent from the facility. Given the sessile nature of the dwarf
wedge mussel, inputs of solids and metals threaten this species as anchorage of freshwater mussels in the
substrate places them in the environmental compartment where exposure to these constituents is most
likely as materials settle out. With this in mind, additional measures appear necessary to allow for
additional removal of solids, dissolved metals, and other constituents associated with the backwash cycle
(e.g., chlorine and fluoride when finished water is used for flushing). Specific comments related to the
draft permit follow:
We understand through our dialog with the NPDES unit staff that sand filter beds will be used to
remove iron and manganese prior to discharge; however, we remain concerned that sufficient
removal of metals and solids present in backwash water will not be achieved during peak
backwash flows unless sand beds of sufficient surface area are used to promote a slow and thin
layer of sheet flow through the bed material. Given the episodic nature of backwash flows and
the potential for filtration problems associated with sand beds (e.g., scouring of the sand material

during backwash onset, weather -related restrictions on sand filter usage, potential for incomplete
filtration depending on flow rate and depth across the medium), we recommend use of a holding
tank for backwash wastewater in addition to existing sand filter beds. This tank or reservoir will
allow for solid settling and equalization (either through natural settling processes or through use
of chemical additives to facilitate precipitation) prior to routing the clarified water though
existing sand beds for additional filtration. Through maintenance of a settling basin in
conjunction with sand beds, residuals can be routinely managed (via solid waste disposal or other
means) and the supernatant flow into the sand beds can be controlled such that maximum
filtration and removal of metals and other constituents is achieved prior to discharge.
If additional measures to promote settling and filtration are used as described above, we believe
that this treatment along with the anticipated low average effluent flow rate would result in a
discharge that is not likely to negatively affect water quality in downgradient Turkey Creek areas
under normal conditions; however, we recommend that instream monitoring be conducted during
low -flow conditions (e.g., summer months) in addition to routine effluent monitoring
requirements (at least until sufficient data are available to assure that the discharge does not
threaten existing water quality conditions). Given that 1) the success of solids and metals
filtration and removal at the facility has not yet been demonstrated and 2) maintenance of water
quality conditions in Turkey Creek is essential to the viability of the dwarf wedge mussel
population in the area, the additional monitoring requirement allows managers to assess the
potential for impacts to this imperiled species. We would be pleased to discuss specific
monitoring recommendations with you, but options include monitoring of parameters of concern
in the discharge (e.g., iron, manganese, chlorine, and potentially fluoride and zinc if present) or
implementation of a toxicity testing requirement as a surrogate for these chemical analyses. We
also recommend use of standby power sources and other fail safe measures to minimize the
potential for treatment process upsets.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to provide comments on the draft NPDES permit for the
Middlesex WTP facility. The apparent low to absent flow of the receiving stream and the importance of
habitat downgradient means that effluent must be of exceptional quality and monitoring should be robust
for us to conclude the permit is sound. We would be pleased to meet with your staff and facility
representatives at the site to discuss these concerns and resolve any uncertainty related to the dilution
capacity of the receiving waters. Please keep us informed of the status of this proposed action, including
any official determination or additional documentation for technical review. If you would like to meet, or
if you have any questions regarding our comments, please contact me at 919/856-4520 x. 30.
Si cerely, �n %
v vAA4
Sara Ward
Ecologist
cc:
Duncan Powell, USEPA, Atlanta, GA

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LEGALAOVERTISING INVOICE n 0 Q 0
INCDENR
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
I solemnly swear that from my personal
knowledge and from reference to the files of
THE ROCKY MOUNT TELEGRAM, a
newspaper printed and published at Rocky
Mount, in the COUNTY of Nash, STATE of
North Carolina, the Advertisment referred to
on this invoice was published on the date(s)
Indicated.
Legal Advertising Clerk
Sworn to and subscribed before me this
day of
Public
My Commission Expires
'That said newspaper at time of publication of
this notice was qualified under G.S. 1-597 to
publish such legal advertising."
THE ROCKY MOUNT TELEGRAM
PUBLISHED BY ROCKY MOUNT PUBLISHING COMPANY
ROCKY MOUNT, NORTH CAROLINA 27804
June 12, 2004
',n
TOTAL INCHES AMOUNT DUE $� J
DESCRIPTION: Public Notice
Intent to Issue a NPDES
Wastewater Permit
PUBLISHED:
June 12, 2004
Q© ©$T VA V

05/21/04 FRI 14:57 FAX [phone] USFWS-RALEIGH.NC 0001
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
ECOLOGICAL SERVICES
P.O. BOX 33726
RALEIGH, NC 27636-3726 K 'l
t k s f ►�Gmt�"v J
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arse p � con cer✓! ,
114,,A,) 4e-
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CA-
FAX COVER SHEET
DATE: May 21, 2004
TO: Dave Goodrich / Mark McIntire
FAX NUMBER: 919/733-0719
FROM: Sara Ward, Ecologist
TELEPHONE NUMBER: 919-856-4520 extension 30
FAX NUMBER: 919/956-4556
NUMBER OF PAGES, INCLUDING COVER SHEET: 3
MEMO:
Hi, Dave / Mark —
I appreciate that you have extended the comment period to allow for our preview of the
draft NPDES permit for the Town of Middlesex WTP (NC0087840). I am sending a
signed original of the attached comments today, but wanted to get a copy to you as soon
as possible for your consideration. I've discussed many of our concerns regarding the
proposed discharge with Mark, but would be happy to meet to discuss the points
highlighted in the attached letter at your convenience. In particular, since the
downstream areas are important habitat for the federally -listed dwarf wedge mussel,
instream monitoring is important in this case. Please give me a call if you have any
questions or would like to meet about the proposed permit.
Again, thanks for your patience in waiting for our comments. 'fake care, Sara

05/21/04 FRI 14:57 FAX [phone] USFWS-RALEIGH.NC 121 002
" Or
United States Department of the Interior
P
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Raleigh Feld Office
o Post Office Box 33726
CH 7 Raleigh, North Carolina 27636.3726
May 21, 2004
Mr. Dave Goodrich
NPDES Unit
Division of Water Quality
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617
Dear Mr. Goodrich:
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has reviewed the public notice and draft permit for the
proposed new National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge sought by the Town
of Middlesex (draft permit number NC0087840). The facility proposes to discharge backwash from a
greensand filtration water treatment system for a groundwater well at a rate of 0.0034 million gallons per
day (mgd) to an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek, a Class C NSW stream in the Neuse River Basin.
The area of the confluence of the unnamed tributary with Turkey Creek is known habitat for the federally -
listed endangered dwarf wedge mussel (Alasmidontat hererodon). These comments are submitted in
accordance with the provisions of the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 661-
667e), and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S. 1531-1543) (Act).
The Service's primary concern with the draft permit is related to the potential for episodic backwash
events (anticipated to occur during a twenty -minute cycle once every six weeks) to result in discharge of
effluent laden with metals (particularly iron and manganese) and solids to the unnamed tributary to
Turkey Creek. This short drainage pathway above Turkey Creek and sensitive mussel habitats has been
described as a 2,000-foot grassy Swale according to NPDES Unit staff; however, a 0.202 cubic feet per
second (cfs) summer 7Q10 flow is reported for the unnamed tributary. These conflicting descriptions
make an assessment of actual receiving scream conditions unclear; however, if the unnamed tributary
functions as a grassy ditch (if only seasonally), it appears that this environment would not afford
sufficient dilution capacity or retention capability to assure that downgradient Turkey Creek mussel
habitats will not be impacted by backwash effluent from the facility. Given the sessile nature of the dwarf
wedge mussel, inputs of solids and metals threaten this species as anchorage of freshwater mussels in the
substrate places them in the environmental compartment where exposure to these constituents is most
likely as materials settle out. With this in mind, additional measures appear necessary to allow for
additional removal of solids, dissolved metals, and other constituents associated with the backwash cycle
(e.g., chlorine and fluoride when finished water is used for flushing). Specific comments related to the
draft permit follow -
We understand through our dialog with the NPDES unit staff that sand filter beds will be used to
remove iron and manganese prior to discharge; however, we remain concerned that sufficient
removal of metals and solids present in backwash water will not be achieved during peak
backwash flows unless sand beds of sufficient surface area are used to promote a slow and thin
layer of sheet flow through the bed material. Given the episodic nature of backwash flows and
the potential for filtration problems associated with sand beds (e.g., scouring of the sand material

05/21/04 FRI 14:58 FAX [phone] USFWS-RALEIGH,NC 0 003
during backwash onset, weather -related restrictions on sand filter usage, potential for incomplete
filtration depending on flow rate and depth across the medium), we recommend use of a holding
tank for backwash wastewater in addition to existing sand filter beds. This tank or reservoir will
allow for solid settling and equalization (either through natural settling processes or through use
of chemical additives to facilitate precipitation) prior to routing the clarified water though
existing sand beds for additional filtration. Through maintenance of a settling basin in
conjunction with sand beds, residuals can be routinely managed (via solid waste disposal or other
means) and the supernatant flow into the sand beds can be controlled such that maximum
filtration and removal of metals and other constituents is achieved prior to discharge.
If additional measures to promote settling and filtration are used as described above, we believe
that this treatment along with the anticipated low average effluent flow rate would result in a
discharge that is not likely to negatively affect water quality in downgradient Turkey Creek areas
under normal conditions; however, we recommend that instream monitoring be conducted during
low -flow conditions (e.g., summer months) in addition to routine effluent monitoring
requirements (at least until sufficient data are available to assure that the discharge does not
threaten existing water quality conditions). Given that 1) the success of solids and metals
filtration and removal at the facility has not yet been demonstrated and 2) maintenance of water
quality conditions in Turkey Creek is essential to the viability of the dwarf wedge mussel
population in the area, the additional monitoring requirement allows managers to assess the
potential for impacts to this imperiled species. We would be pleased to discuss specific
monitoring recommendations with you, but options include monitoring of parameters of concern
in the discharge (e.g., iron, manganese, chlorine, and potentially fluoride and zinc if present) or
implementation of a toxicity testing requirement as a surrogate for these chemical analyses. We
also recommend use of standby power sources and other fail safe measures to minimize the
potential for treatment process upsets.
The Service appreciates the opportunity to provide comments on the draft NPDES permit for the
Middlesex WTP facility. The apparent low to absent flow of the receiving stream and the importance of
habitat downgradient means that effluent must be of exceptional quality and monitoring should be robust
for us to conclude the permit is sound. We would be pleased to meet with your staff acid facility
representatives at the site to discuss these concerns and resolve any uncertainty related to the dilution
capacity of the receiving waters. Please keep us informed of the status of this proposed action, including
any official determination or additional documentation for technical review. if you would like to meet, or
if you have any questions regarding our comments, please contact me at 919/856-4520 x. 30.
Si erely,
Sara Ward
Ecologist
cc.
Duncan Powell, USEPA, Atlanta, GA

PEIRSON
QC
WHITMAN
ARCHITECTS
AND
ENGINEERS,
P.A.
ESTABLISHED 1938
5510
MUNFORD ROAD
P.O. BOX
30398
PHONE
919/782-8300
FAX
919/783-7642
RALEIGH
N.C.
27622-0398
U.S.A.
May 19, 2004
Mr. Mark McIntire, P.E.
NPDES Permitting Unit
Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Re: Draft NPDES Permit
Town of Middlesex
Filter Backwash Water
Permit No. NCO087840
P&W Project No. 1769
Dear Mr. McIntire:
The Town of Middlesex has requested that Peirson & Whitman contact your
office expressing their concerns with the proposed sampling requirements. The
Town has indicated that the proposed monthly and twice monthly sampling
requirements would not be workable and would place a financial burden on the
Town at a time when they can least afford it.
It is requested that the sampling requirements for iron, manganese, fluoride and
zinc be removed from the final permit. It is also requested to reduce the
frequency for sampling of Total Suspended Solids, pH, and Total Residual
Chlorine to once every six (6) weeks. Justifications for these requests are
presented below:
1. The filter manufacturer expects the filters would need to be backwashed once
every six (6) weeks. They have programmed the filters to automatically
backwash on a six -week frequency. Water would be available for sampling
only after the filters are backwashed. A sampling frequency of twice a month
for Solids and Chlorine would not be workable due to the lack of water.
A monthly sampling frequency in this situation would result in a month being
skipped every two to three months due to water being available only once
every six (6) weeks.
2. The Town is not adding fluoride to their water. Also, the sample results
indicate the fluoride in the raw water is below the detection limit of
0.113 mg/l. It is requested that this parameter be removed from the final
permit.

Mr. Mark McIntire, P.E.
NPDES Permitting Unit
Division of Water Quality
May 19, 2004
Page 2
3. The Town is not adding any zinc -based products to the water. Chlorine and
caustic are the only chemicals being used. Zinc concentrations in the raw
water are less than 0.05 mg/l. It is requested that this parameter be removed
from the final permit.
4. It is requested that iron and manganese be removed from the proposed
sampling requirements. The nearest surface water is approximately
2,000 feet to which the effluent from the sand drying beds would travel. It is
not expected that the effluent would actually reach the surface waters before
it is absorbed into the ground. Therefore, any iron and manganese in the
effluent would not cause a discoloration of the surface water.
If there are any questions, or if additional information is needed, please do not
hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
PEIRS & WHI CHITECTS AND ENGINEERS, P.A.
Steve Scruggs, P.E.
cc: Town of Middlesex
Project File

Michael F. Easley, Governor
State of North Carolina
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Alan W. Klimek, P.E., Director
Division of Water Quality
January 14, 2004
Mr. Steve Scruggs, P.E.
Peirson & Whitman, P.A.
5510 Munford Road
Raleigh, North Carolina 27622-0398
Subject: Additional Information Request
NPDES Application - NCO087840
Middlesex Greensand Filter
Nash County
Dear Mr. Scruggs:
The Division has completed its review of the application package submitted for the above
referenced project. In order to complete the draft permit for the subject facility, source water
data is needed. Specifically, a minimum of four analytical results of the source water for the
following parameters must be submitted before the permit drafting process can be completed:
Alkalinity (as CaCO3)
Ammonia (as N)
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Fluoride
Iron
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Nitrate plus Nitrite
Phosphor —us
Selenium
Silver
Total Kieldahl Nitrogen (TKN)
Zinc
Please forward this information to me as soon as it becomes available. Upon receipt of the
needed data, a draft permit will be finalized and sent to public notice. If you have any questions
about this matter, please contact me at [phone], extension 508.
Sincerel ,
& —_
Mark McIntire, P.E.
NPDES Permitting Unit
cc: NPDES File
Raleigh Regional Office, Water Quality
Mayor Bissette, Town of Middlesex, P.O. Box 69, Middlesex, NC 27557
1617 MAIL SERVICE CENTER, RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27699-1 617 -TELEPHONE [phone]/FAX [phone]
VISIT US ON THE WEB AT http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES

.SIT
PEIRSON
WHITMAN
ARCHITECTS
AND
ENGINEERS,
PA.
ESTABLISHED 1938
5510
MUNFORD ROAD
P.O. BOX
30398
PHONE
919/782-8300
FAX
919/783-7642
RALEIGH
N.C.
27622-0398
August 26, 2003
AUG 2 1 2003
Mr. David A. Goodrich
NPDES Unit Supervisor
Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
NCCO rygo
Re: NPDES Application
Town of Middlesex
Filter Backwash Water
P&W Project No. 1769
Dear Mr. Goodrich:
The Town of Middlesex requests an NPDES permit for the discharge of backwash
water from proposed greensand iron removal filters for Well No. 4. Please find
enclosed the NPDES Application and supporting information:
1. NPDES Application — Short Form "A".
2. Application Fee in the amount of $715.00.
3. EPA Form 1.
4. Treatment plant flow diagram and description. The description includes
water production and backwash flow rates the solids handling plan and
justification for the discharge.
5. Location map.
6. Flow data calculated for the receiving stream.
7. An Engineering Alternatives Analysis.
8. Speculative Limits.
9. Projected effluent/backwash data from a similar installation in the Town of
Mount Olive titled "Backwash Gordon Street (Testing)." At this installation,
the backwash water from the greensand filters is discharged into a holding
basin before being discharged. The precipitated iron and manganese solids
settle out in this basin. Sand drying beds will be used to filter out the solids
at Middlesex.
U.S.A.

Mr. David A. Goodrich
Division of Water Quality
August 26, 2003
Page 2
An NPDES Permit was originally issued for this application on February 12, 1998
under Permit No. NC0086118. The Town had this permit rescinded since they did
not install the greensand filter. Now they want to install the filters and discharge
the backwash water. Sand drying beds were constructed along with the well and
will be used to filter out the precipitated iron and manganese from the filter
backwash water.
It does not appear that an Environmental Assessment is required for this project
judging by the guidelines listed in Section 15A NCAC O1C .0408 of the
regulations.
With reference to the speculative limits, it is requested that monitoring for the
following parameters not be included in the NPDES permit as the pollutants are
not found or associated with filter backwash water:
1. NH3 as N, 5. NO3 N+NO2-N,
2. Dissolved Oxygen, 6 TN,
3. Temperature, 7. TN Load, and
4. TKN, 8. Total Phosphorus.
At your earliest convenience, please review the Application and supporting data
for approval. If there are any questions, or if additional information is needed,
please do not hesitate to contact us.
Sincerely,
PEIRSON & WHITMAN ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS, P.A.
Steve Scruggs, P.E.
Enclosures
cc: Peggy Bissette
Project File

NPDES APPLICATION FOR PERMIT RENEWAL - SHORT FORM A
For municipal discharges <1 MGD without a pretreatment program (or similar publicly owned
discharges <1MGD)
N. C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality / NPDES Unit
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES/
NPDES Permit COO
1. Contact Information:
Facility Name
Owner Name
Street Address
City
State / Zip Code
Telephone Number
Fax Number
e-mail Address
Operator Name
Street Address
City
State / Zip Code
County
Telephone Number
Please print or type
Well No. 4
Town of Middlesex
Nash Street
Middlesex
NC 27557-0069
[phone]
[phone]
Jeff Waddel
Nash Street
Middlesex
NC 27557-0069
Nash
[phone]
2. Location of facility producing discharge:
Check here if same as above
Facility Name (If different from above)
Street Address or State Road
City
State / Zip Code
County
3. Design flow of facility 0.0034 MGD. Average monthly flow 0.0034 MGD
4. Population served:
❑ 1-199 ❑ 200-499 ® 500-999 ❑ 1,000-4,999 ❑ 5,000-9,999 ❑ 10,000 or more
S. Do you receive industrial waste? ❑ Yes ® No
If yes, enter approximate number of industrial dischargers into system
1 of 2 12102

NPDES APPLICATION FOR PERMIT RENEWAL - SHORT FORM A
For municipal discharges <1 MGD without a pretreatment program (or similar publicly owned
discharges <1MGD)
6. List all permits, construction approvals and/or applications:
TvPe
RCRA
UIC
NPDES
PSD
NESHAPS
Permit Number
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Type Permit Number
Non -Attainment N/A
Ocean Dumping N/A
Dredge / Fill Permits N/A
Other Public Water Sumly
No. 97-13254
7. Name of receiving stream(s) (Provide a map showing the exact location of each outfall):
Unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek
S. Is this facility located on Native American lands? (check one)
YES F1 NO
I certify that I am familiar with the information contained in the application and that to the
best of my knowledge and belief such information is true, complete, and accurate.
Bobby Ray Bissette Mayor
Printed name of Person Signing Title
Signatu of Ap cant Date
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6 (b)(2) states: Any person who knowingly makes any false statement
representation, or certification in any application, record, report, plan, or other document files or required to be
maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the Environmental Management Commission implementing that
Article, or who falsifies, tampers with, or knowly renders inaccurate any recording or monitoring device or method
required to be operated or maintained under Article 21 or regulations of the Environmental Management
Commission implementing that Article, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed
$10,000, or by imprisonment not to exceed six months, or by both. (18' U.S.C. Section 1001 provides a
punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment not more than 5 years, or both, for a similar
offense.)
2 of 2 12102

P; ease print or type in the unshaded areas only
, ".U;,_ #,,.... ; e ,9 nhomrle.olo 1,I For Approved. OMB No. 2040-0086. Approval expires 5-31-92
FORM
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
I. EPA I.D. NUMBER
GENERAL INFORMATION
F
Zt
G Consolidated Permits Program
\�/G��
2 13
GENERAL
Read the "General Instructions" before starifn .
LABEL ITEMS GENERAL. INSTRUCTIONS
If a preprinted label has been provided,
I. EPA I.D. NUMBER affix It in the designated sppace. Review the
it is
information carefully; li_ any of
Income cross through It and enter the
correct data in the appropriate fill-in area
111. FACILITY NAME below. Also, if any of the preprinted data is
absent the area to the le R of the label
fists that
serum
PLEASE PLACE LABEL IN THIS SPACE space the r6vi mti fill -
V. FACILITY appear) please provide it in the properete
In tielow. If the label is coinplete
area
MAILING LIST and correct you need not complete Items
VI(except VI-B be
I, III, V, and which must
completed regardless). Complete all items
VI. FACILITY if no label has been proved. Refer to the
instructions for detailed it descriptions
LOCATION and for the legal authorization under which
this data is collected:
II. POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS
INSTRUCTIONS: Complete A through J to determine whether you need to submit any permitappliccation forms to the EPA. If you answer 'yes" to any
questions, you must submit this form and the supplemental from listed in the parenthesis following the question. Mark "X" in the box in the third column if
"no"
the supplemental form isatfached. If you answer "no" to each question, you need not submit any of these forms. You may answer if your activity is
excluded from ermit re uirements: see Seclion.C. of the instructions. See also Section D of the insiructions for definitions of. bold-faced terms.
"A"
MARK "X". MARK
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS FORM SPECIFIC QUESTIONS Yes No FORM
YES. NO ATTACHED ATTACHED
A. s this facility a publicly owned treatment works
in a discharge to waters of the
®
❑
❑
B. Does or will this facildy ether existing or
proposed) include a concentrated animal
❑
®
❑
which results
U.S.? (FORM 2A)
feeding operation or aquatic animal
production facility which results ina discharge
to waters of the U.S.? (FORM 2B)
16'
17
- - 18
is]
20
21
C. s this acility which currenly resu is m
❑
®
❑
Is this proposal facility (ot er Nan those descd ed
in A.qr 8 above) which will result in a discharge
❑
®
❑
discharges to waters of the U.S. other than
Itrose described in A or B above? FORM 2C
towaters of the U.S.? FORM 2D
-22
23
24 -
25
26
27
. Does or will this cility treat, store, or dispose of
hazardous wastes? (FORM 3)
❑
®
❑
F. Do you or will inject at this facility industrial or
municipal effluent below the lowermost stratum
❑
®
❑
,u
containing, within one quarter mile of the well
bore, underground sources of drinking water?
26'
—2g,
30
(FORM 4)
31
32
33
- Do you or wi I you inject at this aulity any
produced water other Fluids which are brought to
Do you or will you inject at t Is facility Fluids for
special processes such as mining of suffer by the
of minerals, in
❑
®
❑
the surface in connection with conventional oil or
❑
®
❑
Frasch process, solution mining
combustion of fossil fuel, or recovery of
natural gas production, inject fluids used for
enhanced recovery of oil or natural gas, or Inject
situ
geothermal energy? (FORM 4)
fluids for storage of liquid hydrocarbons?
34'.
❑
35
®
- 36.
❑
37
❑
3a
®
39
❑
FORM 4
s this lacilily a propose slagonary source
which is one of the 28 industrial categories listed
-
s this acility a. propose SWNonarysource
which is NOT one of the 28 industrial categories
in the instructions which will potentially
in the instructions and which will ten all emit
listed and
emit 250 tons per year of any air pollutant
100 tons per year of any air pollutant regulated
the Clean Air Act and me affect or be
regulated under the. Clean Air Act and may affect
4a
44
45
4a
<'
42
under
located in an aftainment area? FORMS
or be,located .in an attainment are?' FORM5
III. NAME OF FACILITY
C SKIP Town of Middlesex
69
15 1629 30
IV. FACILITY CONTACT
A. NAME & TITLE last, first, & title,I B. PHONE area code &: no.
Ray Bissette, Mayor
252 235 5761
46 43 49 51 52 55
EBobby
2
15
45
16
V. FACILITY MAILING ADDRESS
A. STREET OR P.O, :BOX
D. ZIP CODE
27557
47 ... 51
P.O. Box 69
3
15 16 45.
B. CITY OR TOWN C. STATE
Middlesex NC
a
15
16 40 41 42
VI. FACILITY LOCATION
A. STREET, ROUTE NO. OR OTHERSPECIFIC IDENTIFIER
c Intersection US 264A and NC 231
5
15 16 45
B. COUNTY NAME
Nash
46 70
C. CITY OR TOWN D. STATE E. ZIP CODE F. COUNTY CODE
C
Middlesex
NC
27557
Nash
6
41 42
47 51
52 54
5
1 15 40

VVIY IIIYVGL,rRvm I
VII. SIC CODES (4-digit, in order of priorit
A. FIRST - - .' `'- B. SECOND
c 4941 (specify) (specify)
Public Water Supply s 6 9
15 i6 17
C. THIRD D. FOURTH
c
(specify)
7 (specify)
15 16 19
1
15
1
16 t7
V III. OPERATOR 'INFORMATION
A. NAME B. Is the name listed in Item
C TOWn of MiddleSeX VIII-A also the owner?
®YES ONO
to 1 19
C_ STATUS OF OPERATOR Enter the ad p roate letterinto the�answer box: if"Other,"s eci D$PHONE area code 8 no.
F = FEDERAL M = PUBLIC (other than federal or stale) M (specify) A 252 235 5761
A
'S = STATE O = OTHER (specify) Public - 15 16 is is 21 22 25 .
P =PRIVATE 56,.
E. STREET OR PO BOX
P.O. Box 69
26 .. 56
'F. CITY OR TOWN G. STATE H. ZIP CODE IX. INDIAN LAND
C Middlesex NC 27557 Is the facility located oh Indian lands?
❑ YES N NO
6
15 16 40 42 4 d] 51
X. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS
A. NPDES Discha es to Sudace Water. D. PSD Air Emissions from Proposed Sources
C r I C T 8
9. N. 9, P
15 16 17 18. :- 30 15. i6 17 18 30
B. UIC. (Underground Injection of Fluids E. OTHER (s eci (specify)
C T I C e
9
9 U
15 16' 17 -. 18 30 15 16 17. `18 30
C. RCRA Hazardous: Wastes E. OTHER (s city) (Specify)
C T I c T e
19
9 R
15 16 17 18 30 - 15 - 16 17 18 30
XI. MAP
Attach to this application a topographic map of the area extending to at least one mile beyond property boundaries. The map must '
show the outline of the facility, the location of each of its existing and proposed intake and discharge structures, each of its
hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facilities, and each well where it injects fluids underground. Include all springs,
rivers and other surface water bodies in the map area. See instructions for revise requirements.
XI1. NATURE OF BUSINESS(provide a brief descri lion
The discharge would be from iron removal filters at the Towns potable water supply well No. 4. Sand drying
beds would be used to remove the precipated iron and manganese from the filter backwash water.
XII1. CERTIFICATION see instructions
I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information submitted in this application and
and that, based on my inquiry of those persons immediately responsible for obtaining the information contained in
all attachments
the application, I believe that the information is true, accurate and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, includin the ossibilft of fine and im risonment. C. DATE SIGNED
A. NAME 8 OFFICIAL TITLE (type or print) B. SIGNATURE
Bobby Ray Bissette, Mayor
COMMENTS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
c
C ss
15 1 16

CHLORINE
M
IRON IRON
REMOVAL REMOVAL
FILTER FILTER
0
a
v
co
EFFLUENT N
INN
A KWA H
DUAL SANG DRYING BEDSPIPE 3
PUMP =
WATER N
LJ
WELL
FLOW SCHEMATIC
IRON REMOVAL FTLT
DISTRIBUTION TOWN OF MIDDLE
SYSTEM

TREATMENT PROCESS DESCRIPTION
WELL No. 4
TOWN of MIDDLESEX
The existing water supply well house and backwash drying beds are located approximately
4,100 feet east from the intersection of US 264 Alternate and NC Highway 231. The well
and drying beds were constructed in 1997.
The well has a pumping capacity of 200 gallons per minute and can be operated for up to
twelve (12) hours per day. This would produce a maximum of 144,000 gallons of water per
day.
The well water has a higher than allowable manganese level and an iron concentration that
is near the allowable limit. The manganese concentration in the water has been reported to
be 0.450 mg/1 with the iron concentration being 0.257 mg/l.
It is proposed to reduce the iron and manganese levels with the addition of chlorine and
passing the water through two (2) filters. The filter media consist of manganese dioxide
coated sand particles and anthracite. It will not be necessary to regeneration of the filters
with potassium permanganate. The flow rate through each filter is 100 gpm.
The filters will be backwashed approximately three (3) times a week with the wash water
being discharged to sand drying beds. Approximately 24,000 gallons per week of
backwash water would be produced and discharged to the drying beds. The backwash
rate is for each filter is 200 gpm and the backwash time is approximately 20 minutes. This
produces a total backwash volume of 8,000 gallons per cycle.
The filter backwash water will be filtered through two (2) existing sand drying beds
before it is discharged. The backwash drying beds will filter out the iron and manganese
from the backwash water prior to discharge. Each drying bed has 8" of sand, 12" of gravel
and a water storage volume of 6,300 gallons.
The filtered effluent from the sand drying beds would be discharged to the ditch along
US Highway 264 Alternative. This ditch flows to an un-named tributary of Turkey
Creek. Periodically, the sludge would be removed for the sand drying beds and disposed
of at the local landfill. Additional sand would be added as needed.
There is a sewer collection system in close proximity to the sand drying beds that
discharges to a lift station. The lift station has a pumping capacity of 100 gpm, which is
only half of the required backwash rate. Also, it is not desirable to introduce a source of
clean water to the Town's collection system. The collection system has a high rate of
inflow and infiltration, which must be pumped to the Town of Zebulon for treatment.
Well No. 4 at Middlesex Page-1 of 1
Peirson & Whitman Architects and Engineers, P.A. Project No. 1769 August 2003

PROJECT: PEIRSON & WHITMAN A&E
TOWN OF MIDDLESEX 5510 MUNFORD ROAD
WELL No. 4 RALEIGH, NC 27612
ACTIVITY: NPDES PERMIT APPLICATION PROJECT NO.: 1769
LOW FLOWS
DATA:
HYDROLOGIC AREA: EASTERN SLATE BELT (HA4) (Ref. No. 1)
DRAINAGE AREA (sq miles) 40.4
(Area measured form confluence of un-named tributary and Turkey Creek)
LOW FLOWS:
75 th (Ref. No. 1)
percentile
LOW FLOW cfs per FLOWS (Note No. 1)
CHARACTERISTICS sq mile (cfs}
7Q10
0.005
0.202
W7Q10
0.065
2.626
7Q2
0.060
2.424
30Q2
0.130
5.252
(Note No. 1) FLOWS CALCULATED FROM DATA PRESENTED IN TABLE No. 1 OF Ref. No. 1.
(Ref. No. 1) "LOW -FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF STREATS IN NOTH CAROLINX
BY G.L. GIESE AND R.R. MASON, Jr., 1991
PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH NCDEHNR BY DEPT OF INTERIOR,
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
PH E N SS,���.•
++++vrfia.6'sIt$"S0
Sheet1
1769 LOW FLOW CALCULATIONS Page 1 of 1 8/14/2003

1�
►i
__:_�..
__`_

Table 1.--Summary of low -flow frequency characteristics of unregulated streams draining less
than 400 square miles in North Carolina, by hydrologic area
((A). lover drainage area limit of zero flow not determined, but probably less than 0.5 square mile)
Flow,
Drainage area, in square
Low -flow
in cubic feet per second
per square
mile
miles, below which indicated
Hydrologic area
Humber
charac-
75th per-
50th per-
25th per-
low -floe statistic generally
name and number
of sites
teristics
Maximum Gentile
Gentile
Gentile
Hinimum has a zero value
Coastal
Plain
Clay soils
11
7Q10
0.019
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
35
(HA1)
W7Q10
.060
.010
.008
.000
.000
3
7Q2
.028
.012
.001
.000
.000
2
30Q2
.053
.032
.010
.000
.000
2
Sandy soils
38
7Q10
.135
.022
.006
.001
.000
2
(RA2)
W7Q10
.340
.104
.065
.015
.000
2
7Q2
.250
.083
.043
.009
.000
2
30Q2
.340
.152
.090
.034
.002
2
Sand Hills
24
7Q10
.694
.489
.318
.212
.112
(A)
(HA3)
W7Q10
1.053
.711
.600
.508
.221
(A)
7Q2
.876
.618
.495
.391
.217
(A)
30Q2
1.053
.789
.637
.504
.320
(A)
Eastern and central Piedmont
Eastern Slate Belt 4
7Q10
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
18
(HA4)
W7Q10
.065
.065
.045
.007
.000
8
7Q2
.063
.060
.038
.007
.000
8
30Q2
.140
.130
.083
.016
.000
8
Raleigh Belt 25
7Q10
.216
.123
.065
.016
.004
2
(HAS)
W7Q10
.432
.256
.177
.109
.044
2
7Q2
.378
.248
.187
.092
.048
(A)
30Q2
.486
.330
.269
.154
.095
(A)
Triassic Basin
10
7Q10
.004
.000
.000
.000
.000
•45
(RA6)
W7Q10
.015
.005
.000
.000
.000
15
7Q2
.015
.004
.000
.000
.000
22
30Q2
.025
.014
.005
.001
.000
13
Carolina Slate
58
7Q10
.131
.015
.005
.000
.000
3
Belt (HA7)
W7Q10
.223
.079
.048
.013
.000
1
7Q2
.211
.069
.038
.016
.000
1
30Q2
.254
.104
.071
.028
.000
1
Carolina Slate
9
7Q10
.009
.007
.001
.000
.000
12
Belt (argillite
W7Q10
.026
.017
.007
.005
.001
(A)
zone) (HA8)
7Q2
.035
.019
.007
.006
.000
5
30Q2
.060
.029
.014
.010
.002
(A)
Charlottg Belt
38
7Q10
.160
.104
.064
.031
.000
.1
and Hilton Belt
W7Q10
.330
.232
.164
.090
.027
1
(NA9)
7Q2
.304
.210
.149
.088
.026
1
30Q2
.365
.271
.201
.125
.045
1
Western Piedmont and mountains
Western Piedmont
301
7Q10
1.062
0.451
0.317
0.200
0.000
(A)
and mountains
W7Q10
1.357
.583
.448
.338
.098
(A)
(RA10)
7Q2
1.585
.716
.548
.387
.046
(A)
30Q2
1.819
.851
.671
.475
.180
(A)
CONVERSION FACTORS AND VERTICAL DATUM
Multiply by To obtain
Length
inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter

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ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
MIDDLESEX WATER SUPPLY WELL NO.4
NASH COUNTY
Revised August 2003
PEIRSON & WHITMAN ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS, P.A.
5510 MUNFORD ROAD
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27612
P&W PROJECT NO.1769

ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
MIDDLESEX WATER SUPPLY WELL NO.4
NASH COUNTY
Revised August 2003
I. DESCRIPTION:
The existing water supply well house and backwash drying beds are located approximately
4,100 feet east from the intersection of US 264 Alternate and NC Highway 231. The water
supply has a higher than allowable manganese level and an iron concentration that is near
the limit. The iron and manganese level will be reduced with the addition of chlorine and
passing the water through two (2) greensand type filters. The filters will be backwashed
approximately three (3) times a week. The backwash time for each filter is approximately
20 minutes at a rate of 200 gpm, which yields a total backwash volume of 8,000 gallons.
The backwash drying beds will filter out the iron and manganese from the backwash water
prior to discharge. The flow rate through each filter is 100 gpm. The backwash rate is
higher, 200 gpm, in order to fluidize the sand bed and clean the sand.
II. DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES:
A. CONNECTION TO A PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS (POTW):
There is gravity sewer line in the vicinity of Well No. 4, which flows to a 100 gpm
wastewater lift station with a 2-inch force main. This station pumps to another
100 gpm lift station. The 200 gpm flow from the well would require a totally new
pump station with a capacity of 300 gpm with a minimum of 1.5 miles long 6-inch
force main. The total project cost is outlined in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1. OPTION "A" COST ESTIMATE
Pump Station
1.7 Miles (8,976 LF) of 6-inch Force Main
Pump Station Property
Total Construction Cost
Legal and Administrative
Engineering Design
Inspection, O&M Manual
Contingency Fund (10%)
$ 151,200
178,200
10,000
$ 339,400
5,000
40,000
15,000
34,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST $ 4339400
Engineering Alternatives Analysis

B. LAND BASED DISPOSAL
The Town of Middlesex does not own land in the area to implement a land based
disposal system. Suitable land in the vicinity could be obtained. According to the
Soil Survey of Nash County, North Carolina by the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
the soils in the Well No.4 area are Norfolk-Georgeville-Rains. Based on a
hydraulic loading rate of 1.0 inches of water per acre per week for the soils above,
25 percent set -aside for crop harvesting and planting, and 25 percent unusable land
due to internal roads and 150 feet buffer zone, a total of seven (7) acres would be
required. Note, the actual hydraulic loading rate will not be known until the land
selected is tested. The cost of constructing a lagoon storing 90 days of backwash
water, a pump station a 4-inch transmission line to the site and spray irrigation
equipment is summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2. OPTION "B" COST ESTIMATE
Land (7 acres)
Lagoons Construction
Pump Station
Force Mains (5,000 LF)
Irrigation System
Monitoring Wells (5)
Total Construction Costs
Legal and Administrative
Engineering Design
Inspection
000
:1 111
140,000
97,000
30,000
20,000
$ 4372000
15,000
60,000
20,000
Contingency Fee (10%) 431,000
TOTAL PROJECT COST $ 575,000
2 Engineering Alternatives Analysis

C.
BACKWATER WATER RE -USE:
Backwash water re -use is not a viable option.
SURFACE WATER DISCHARGE:
Surface water discharge is the proposed method of backwater disposal. The
backwash water from the drying beds would discharge into the US 164 Alternate
southern ditch. The roadside ditch runs in an easterly direction approximately
360 feet and then crosses under US 264 Alternate with an 18-inch culvert. The
ditch runs in a northerly direction until it meets with a tributary of Turkey Creek.
The total cost of the drying beds was approximately $46,000 as shown in Table 3.
The drying beds require no maintenance except for breaking up the top
three (3) inches of sand with a rake periodically.
TABLE 3. OPTION "D" COST ESTIMATE
Drying Bed
4" Backwash Line (259 LF)
Valves, Manhole, Etc.
Total Construction Costs
Legal and Administrative
Engineering Design
Inspection
Contingency Fee (10%)
III. ANALYSIS
$ 28,000
3,000
6,000
37,000
300
3,200
1,500
4,000
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $ 469000
The surface water discharge is the most economically feasible and environmentally viable
option. The construction cost is much lower for surface water discharge option, and it has
virtually no operation and maintenance cost. The connection to a POTW and land based
disposal options both have high operation and maintenance costs.
3 Engineering Alternatives Analysis 3

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources • • I -��:
Division of Water Quality
-I_
Michael F. Easley, Governor NCDENR
William G. Ross, Jr., Secretary
Alan W. Klimek, P. E., Director
The Honorable Bobby R. Bissette, Mayor
Town of Middlesex
P.O. Box 69
Middlesex, North Carolina 27557
July 31, 2003
Subject: Town of Middlesex WTP
Speculative Limits Request
Nash County
Dear Mayor Bissette:
This letter is in response to the request for speculative effluent limits for a proposed new discharge for a
new greensand filtration water treatment plant serving the Town of Middlesex. Be advised that providing
speculative limits do not guarantee that the Division will issue an NPDES permit to discharge treated wastewater.
Moreover, since no flow estimate was provided, monitoring frequencies and limits may change upon
establishment of effluent flow. Any finalized permit will be subject to review and scrutiny by the State, resource
agencies (such as U.S. Fish and Wildlife) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency- Note that some of the
resource agencies have been copied on this request. This is due to potential concerns about habitat, endangered
species and water quality. The Division encourages you to contact these agencies individually to address their
concerns early in the planning process.
It should be noted that the Town of Middlesex should reference 15A NCAC O1C .0408 to determine if
construction activities for the relocation will require the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA). If the
EA demonstrates that the project may result in a significant adverse effect on the quality of the environment, an
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is required. DWQ will not accept a permit application for a project
requiring an EA or EIS until: (1) the document has been approved by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources and, (2) d_ftjha' g of No Significant Impact (FONSI) has been sent to the State Clearinghouse for
review and comment or an EIS has been approved. The Division of Water Quality's Planning Branch can
provide further information regarding the requirements of the N.C. Environmental Policy Act. Please contact
Alex Marks of the DWQ Planning Branch at [phone] ext. 555 if you have questions on this subject.
The proposed location is an unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek in the Neuse River Basin. These waters
are classified as C- NSW. The best usage of these waters is aquatic life propagation and maintenance of
biological integrity (including fishing, and fish), wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture. The NSW
classification also indicates Nutrient Sensitive Waters, and it should be noted that this discharge will be subject
to any requirements of the Neuse River TMDL. The current monitoring requirements for such discharges include
total monthly flow, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
Based on available information, the tentative effluent limits for oxygen -consuming constituents and
toxicants in the proposed discharge are included on the attached effluent sheets. Upon formal permit application,
if there are any chemical additions in the process or metals in the source water, an evaluation of limits and
monitoring requirements for metals and other toxicants will be addressed through a reasonable potential analysis
1617 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1617 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Alfirmative Action Employer 50 % recycled/ 10 % post -consumer paper

Town of Middlesex WTP Speculative Limits Request
Page 2
(RPA) at that time. In addition, instream monitoring requirements for parameters such as dissolved oxygen,
temperature and pH may be implemented.
In addition, please note that the Division of Water Quality is requiring chlorine limits for all new or
expanding dischargers proposing the use of chlorine for disinfection. Dechlorination of the backwash water
should allow the facility to comply with this requirement. Note that the NPDES Unit has a new fast track process
for construction of dechlorination facilities, available on the NPDES website at:
http://h2o.eiir.state.nc.us/NPDES/NPDESweb-htmi.
Final NPDES effluent limitations will be determined after a permit application has been submitted to the
Division. This application should include the following (at a minimum):
• A water treatment plant (WTP) process description and flow diagram
• The total potable water flow rate and backwash rate
• Flow justification (along with a proposed flow limit for the discharge)
• Chemicals proposed in the water treatment process, such as chlorine, fluoride or zinc orthophosphate
• Source water data for metals, nutrients, BOD and TSS
• A solids handling plan
• Proposed treatment for the WTP backwash
• Projected effluent/backwash data
• Map indicating the location of the facility and the location of the discharge
• 7Q10, 30Q2 and average flow for the receiving stream. If these data are not available, the Town may
obtain measurements from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Contact Mr. Curtis Weaver of
USGS at [phone] for more information.
• An Engineering Alternatives Analysis (EAA), which should contain a defensible justification for the
proposed discharge and an analysis of potential alternatives, which should include a thorough
evaluation of non -discharge alternatives. Non -discharge alternatives, such as spray irrigation, water
conservation, or reuse, are considered to be environmentally preferable to a surface water discharge.
In accordance with the North Carolina General Statutes, the practicable waste treatment and disposal
alternative with the least adverse impact on environment must be implemented. In addition, you
should also provide the Present Value Cost (PVC) of locating the outfall on a receiving stream with
greater flow than the unnamed tributary to Turkey Creek.
Be sure to include the proper fee and application, both of which are available on the NPDES website under the
Documents section at: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/NPDES/NPDESweb.html.
If there are any additional questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Natalie Sierra of
my staff at [phone] ext. 551.
Respectfully,
David A. Goodrich
NPDES Unit Supervisor
cc: Raleigh Regional Office/Ken Schuster
NPDES Permit File
NC DEH
Wildlife Resources Commission — Division of Inland Fisheries
Sara Ward. US Fish and Wildlife Service
f6Won•.&;Whi1man Architects and Engineers, P.A.
5510 Munford Road
P.O. Box 30398
Raleigh, North Carolina 27622

Town of Middlesex WTP Speculative Limits Request
Page 3
SPECULATIVE EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS -
MIDDLESEX WTP — DISCHARGE TO AN UNNAMED TRIBUTARY TO TURKEY
CREEK
EFFLUENT
CHARACTERISTICS
LIMITS
MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
Monthly
Average
Weekly
Avenge
Daily
-Maximum
Measurement
Frequency
Sample
Type
Sample Location
Flow
Continuous
Recording
Effluent
Total Monthly Flow
Monitor and Report
Monthly
Recorded or
Calculated
Effluent
Total Suspended
Solids
30.0 mg/L
45.0 mg/L
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
NH3 as N
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Dissolved Oxygen
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Temperature
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
pH1
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Total residual chlorine
17 u /L
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
TKN m /L 2
Monitor and Report
Mon thl
Grab
Effluent
NO3-N+NO2-N m Ly
Monitor and Report
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
TN (m L)2
Monitor and Report
Mon thl
Grab
Effluent
TN Load3
Monitor and Report (Ib./mo.)
Monthly
Calculated
Effluent
Monitor and Report lb./yr.)
Annuall
Calculated
Effluent
Total Phosphorus
Monthl
Grab
Effluent
Iron
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Manganese
Monthly
Grab
Effluent
Other Metals and
toxicants
Will be evaluated by Permit Writer after review of source water data
Notes:
1. The pH shall not be less than 6.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units.
2. For a given wastewater sample, TN = TKN + NO3-N + NO2-N, where TN is Total Nitrogen, TKN is Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen, and NO3:X and> NO2-N are Nitrate and Nitrite Nitrogen, respectively.
3. TN Load is the mass quantity of Total Nitrogen discharged in a given period of time and is calculated as TN Load
(monthly) = TN X TMF X 8.34 where TN is the average total nitrogen concentration (mg/L) of the samples collected
during the month, TMF is the total monthly flow of wastewater and 8.34 is a conversion factor. Annual TN Load is
calculated by summation of the 12 monthly TN Loads for the calendar year.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.

1
Ig99 1
a . c� C C
r15
a as Gordon Street (Testing)
08-30-99 Monday Evening Dump into Hold Tank (1" Time)
08-31-99 Tuesday Backwash into Holding Tank 2 filters in morning and 2
filters in afternoon like we had been doing
09-01-99 Wednesday Still back washing 2 filters in morning and 2 filters in
afternoon (may have to change and backwash all 4 filters in
morning)
Test Results
P.H.
Settle Matter
Total Suspended
Residue
Turbidity
DATE
LIMIT AMOUNTS-->
6-9
Trace (0.1)
30
50
6.5
-0-
7.6
2.8
09-01-99
09-02-99
6.8
-0-
6.0
3.4
09-03-99
6.7
-0-
7.5
4.0
09-07-99
6.9
-0-
7.0
5.1
6.8
-0-
14.0
5.4
09-08-99
09-09-99
6.8
-0-
• . 13.5
4.2
6.8
-0-
9.7
3.2
09-10-99
09-13-99
6.8
-0-
6.0
2.7
09-14-99
7.0
-0-
..10.0
3.5
09-15-99
6.9
-0-
9.0
3.5
09-17-99
6.8
-0-
9.0
3.4
09-20-99 6.9 -0- 4.8
09-21-99 6.9 -0- 6.7
09-22-99 7.0 -0- 3.5
09-23-99 6.9 -0- 3.2
09-24-99 6.8 -0- 4.3
1.9
2.9
1.5
1.6
1.7
09-27-99
09-28-99
6.7
-0-
5.5 2.3
6.8
-0-
7.0 2.9

Test Results (Continued)
DATE
P.H.
Settle Matter
Total Suspended
Residue
Turbidity
LIMIT AMOUNTS-->
6-9
Trace (0.1)
30
50
09-29-99
6.6
-0-
6.8
2.6
09-30-99
6.8
-0-
7.0
2.7
10-01-99
6.9
-0-
6.0
2.9
10-06-99
6.8
-0-
3.6
1.4