Raleigh Road West_PERMIT PACKET.pdf

Jurisdictional Determination Request
Lai
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Wilmington District
This form is intended for use by anyone requesting a jurisdictional determination(JD) from the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District(Corps). Please include all supporting
information, as described within each category, with your request. You may submit your request
via mail, electronic mail, or facsimile. Requests should be sent to the appropriate project
manager of the county in which the property is located. A current list of project managers by
assigned counties can be found on-line at:
http://www.saw.usace.LM.mil/Missions/Re ug latoiyPennitProgram/Contact/CountyLocator.aspx,
by calling 910-251-4633, or by contacting any of the field offices listed below. Once your
request is received you will be contacted by a Corps project manager.
ASHEVILLE&CHARLOTTE REGULATORY WASHINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
FIELD OFFICES US Army Corps of Engineers
US Army Corps of Engineers 2407 West Fifth Street
151 Patton Avenue,Room 208 Washington,North Carolina 27889
Asheville,North Carolina 28801-5006 General Number:[phone]
General Number:[phone] Fax Number:[phone]
Fax Number:[phone]
WILMINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE US Army Corps of Engineers
US Army Corps of Engineers 69 Darlington Avenue
3331 Heritage Trade Drive,Suite 105 Wilmington,North Carolina 28403
Wake Forest,North Carolina 27587 General Number:910-251-4633
General Number:[phone] Fax Number:[phone]
Fax Number:[phone]
INSTRUCTIONS:
All requestors must complete Parts A, B, C, D,E,F and G.
NOTE TO CONSULTANTS AND AGENCIES: If you are requesting a JD on behalf of a
paying client or your agency, please note the specific submittal requirements in Part H.
NOTE ON PART D—PROPERTY OWNER AUTHORIZATION: Please be aware that
all JD requests must include the current property owner authorization for the Corps to
proceed with the determination, which may include inspection of the property when
necessary. This form must be signed by the current property owner(s) or the owner(s)
authorized agent to be considered a complete request.
NOTE ON PART D -NCDOT REQUESTS: Property owner authorization/notification for
JD requests associated with North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
projects will be conducted according to the current NCDOT/USACE protocols.
NOTE TO USDA PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS: A Corps approved or preliminary JD
may not be valid for the wetland conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of
1985. If you or your tenant are USDA Program participants, or anticipate participation in
USDA programs, you should also request a certified wetland determination from the local
office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service,prior to starting work.
Version:May 2017 Page 1

Jurisdictional Determination Request
A. PARCEL INFORMATION
Street Address: 4269 RALEIGH ROAD PKWY W
City, State: Wilson, NC
County: Wilson
Parcel Index Number(s) (PIN): 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116
B. REQUESTOR INFORMATION
Name: Adam Carter, Wetland Solutions LLC
Mailing Address: PO BOX 244
Bunnlevel NC 28323
Telephone Number: 910 890 2779
Electronic Mail Address: Adam@WetlandNC•com
Select one:
I am the current property owner.
✓❑ I am an Authorized Agent or Environmental Consultant'
❑ Interested Buyer or Under Contract to Purchase
❑ Other,please explain.
C. PROPERTY OWNER INFORMATION
Name: SOUTHBURY DEVELOPMENT, LLC
Mailing Address: 20 Cochrane Castle Cir
Pinehurst, NC 28374
Telephone Number: 760-567-5039
Electronic Mail Address: [e-mail]
' Must provide completed Agent Authorization Form/Letter.
2 Documentation of ownership also needs to be provided with request(copy of Deed, County GIS/Parcel/Tax Record).
Version:May 2017 Page 2

Jurisdictional Determination Request
D. PROPERTY ACCESS CERTIFICATION',4
By signing below, I authorize representatives of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) to enter upon the property herein described for the purpose of conducting on-
site investigations, if necessary, and issuing a jurisdictional determination pursuant to Section
404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. 1,the
undersigned, am either a duly authorized owner of record of the property identified herein, or
acting as the duly authorized agent of the owner of record of the property.
Samuel Adam Carter
Print Name
Capacity: ❑ Owner ❑✓ Authorized Agent'
5/14/2023
Date
Signature
E. REASON FOR JD REQUEST: (Check as many as applicable)
1 intend to construct/develop a project or perform activities on this parcel which would be
designed to avoid all aquatic resources.
❑ I intend to construct/develop a project or perform activities on this parcel which would be
designed to avoid all jurisdictional aquatic resources under Corps authority.
✓❑ I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities on this parcel which may
require authorization from the Corps, and the JD would be used to avoid and minimize
impacts to jurisdictional aquatic resources and as an initial step in a future permitting
process.
❑✓ I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities on this parcel which may
require authorization from the Corps; this request is accompanied by my permit application
and the JD is to be used in the permitting process.
❑ I intend to construct/develop a project or perform activities in a navigable water of the
U.S. which is included on the district Section 10 list and/or is subject to the ebb and flow of
the tide.
❑✓ A Corps JD is required in order obtain my local/state authorization.
❑ I intend to contest jurisdiction over a particular aquatic resource and request the Corps
confirm that jurisdiction does/does not exist over the aquatic resource on the parcel.
❑ I believe that the site may be comprised entirely of dry land.
❑ Other:
3 For NCDOT requests following the current NCDOT/USACE protocols,skip to Part E.
a If there are multiple parcels owned by different parties,please provide the following for each additional parcel on a
continuation sheet.
s Must provide agent authorization form/letter signed by owner(s).
Version:May 2017 Page 3

Jurisdictional Determination Request
F. JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION(JD)TYPE (Select One)
❑� I am requesting that the Corps provide a preliminary JD for the property identified herein.
A Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination(PJD)provides an indication that there may
be "waters of the United States"or"navigable waters of the United States"on a property.
PJDs are sufficient as the basis for permit decisions. For the purposes of permitting, all
waters and wetlands on the property will be treated as if they are jurisdictional "waters of
the United States". PJDs cannot be appealed(33 C.F.R. 331.2); however, a PJD is
"preliminary"in the sense that an approved JD can be requested at any time. PJDs do
not expire.
❑ I am requesting that the Corps provide an approved JD for the property identified herein.
An Approved Jurisdictional Determination(AJD) is a determination that
jurisdictional "waters of the United States"or"navigable waters of the United
States" are either present or absent on a site. An approved JD identifies the limits of
waters on a site determined to be jurisdictional under the Clean Water Act and/or
Rivers and Harbors Act. Approved JDs are sufficient as the basis for permit
decisions. AJDs are appealable (33 C.F.R. 331.2). The results of the AJD will be
posted on the Corps website. A landowner,permit applicant, or other"affected
party" (33 C.F.R. 331.2)who receives an AJD may rely upon the AJD for five years
(subject to certain limited exceptions explained in Regulatory Guidance Letter 05-
02).
❑ I am unclear as to which JD I would like to request and require additional information
to inform my decision.
G. ALL REQUESTS
Map of Property or Project Area. This Map must clearly depict the boundaries of the
review area.
✓❑ Size of Property or Review Area 125 acres.
❑✓ The property boundary(or review area boundary) is clearly physically marked on the site.
Version:May 2017 Page 4

Jurisdictional Determination Request
H. REQUESTS FROM CONSULTANTS
Project Coordinates (Decimal Degrees): Latitude: 35.752876
Longitude: -77.983760
A legible delineation map depicting the aquatic resources and the property/review area.
Delineation maps must be no larger than I Ix17 and should contain the following: (Corps
signature of submitted survey plats will occur after the submitted delineation map has been
reviewed and approved).6
■ North Arrow
■ Graphical Scale
■ Boundary of Review Area
■ Date
■ Location of data points for each Wetland Determination Data Form or tributary
assessment reach.
For Approved Jurisdictional Determinations:
■ Jurisdictional wetland features should be labeled as Wetland Waters of the US, 404
wetlands, etc. Please include the acreage of these features.
■ Jurisdictional non-wetland features (i.e. tidal/navigable waters, tributaries,
impoundments) should be labeled as Non-Wetland Waters of the US, stream, tributary,
open water, relatively permanent water,pond, etc. Please include the acreage or linear
length of each of these features as appropriate.
■ Isolated waters, waters that lack a significant nexus to navigable waters, or non-
jurisdictional upland features should be identified as Non-Jurisdictional. Please
include a justification in the label regarding why the feature is non jurisdictional (i.e.
"Isolated", "No Significant Nexus", or"Upland Feature"). Please include the acreage
or linear length of these features as appropriate.
For Preliminary Jurisdictional Determinations:
■ Wetland and non-wetland features should not be identified as Jurisdictional, 404,
Waters of the United States, or anything that implies jurisdiction. These features can be
identified as Potential Waters of the United States, Potential Non-wetland Waters of
the United States, wetland, stream, open water, etc. Please include the acreage and
linear length of these features as appropriate.
❑ Completed Wetland Determination Data Forms for appropriate region
(at least one wetland and one upland form needs to be completed for each wetland type)
6 Please refer to the guidance document titled"Survey Standards for Jurisdictional Determinations"to ensure that the
supplied map meets the necessary mapping standards.http://www.saw.usace.army.mil/Missions/Re ulatory-Permit-
Pro gram/Jurisdiction/
Version:May 2017 Page 5

Jurisdictional Determination Request
Completed appropriate Jurisdictional Determination form
• PJDs,please complete a Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination Form'and include the
Aquatic Resource Table
• AJDs,please complete an Approved Jurisdictional Determination Form'
Vicinity Map
a Aerial Photograph
USGS Topographic Map
Soil Survey Map
❑ Other Maps, as appropriate (e.g. National Wetland Inventory Map, Proposed Site
Plan,previous delineation maps, LIDAR maps, FEMA floodplain maps)
❑� Landscape Photos (if taken)
❑ NCWAM and/or NCWAM Assessment Forms and Rating Sheets
❑ NC Division of Water Resources Stream Identification Forms
❑ Other Assessment Forms
' www.saw.usace.gM.mil/Portals/59/docs/regulatoM/regdocs/JD/RGL 08-02_App_A_Prelim_JD_Form_fillable.pdf
' Please see http://www.saw.usace.army.mil/Missions/Re ug latory-Permit-Program/Jurisdiction/
Principal Purpose:The information that you provide will be used in evaluating your request to determine
whether there are any aquatic resources within the project area subject to federal jurisdiction under the regulatory
authorities referenced above.
Routine Uses:This information may be shared with the Department of Justice and other federal,state,and local
government agencies,and the public,and may be made available as part of a public notice as required by federal
law.Your name and property location where federal jurisdiction is to be determined will be included in the
approved jurisdictional determination(AJD),which will be made available to the public on the District's website
and on the Headquarters USAGE website.
Disclosure:Submission of requested information is voluntary;however,if information is not provided,the
request for an AJD cannot be evaluated nor can an AJD be issued.
Version:May 2017 Page 6

i r
i a
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Wilmington District Survey Standards for Jurisdictional Determinations
Please note that the approval and signature of survey plats will only be done in association with
an Approved Jurisdictional Determination. The Corps accepts both electronic and hardcopy
plats for signature, however this will be at the discretion of the project manager. If a hard copy
is submitted, the Corps requires that all hard-copy submittals include at least one original Plat
(to scale)that is no larger than 11"x17". Submitted plats must be legible, including labeling(the
use of match lines for larger tracts are encouraged). Additional copies of a plat, including those
larger than 11"x 17", may also be submitted for Corps signature as needed. Prior to final
production of a plat, the Wilmington District recommends that the surveyor electronically
submit a draft of the survey to the Corps project manager for review.
PLATS SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL
Must be signed and sealed by a licensed professional land surveyor
Must be to scale (all maps must include an accurate graphic scale and verbal
scale)
Must include a North Arrow, Scale(s), Title, Property Information
Must clearly depict surveyed property or project boundaries
Must clearly identify the known surveyed point(s)used as reference (e.g.
property corner, USGS monument)
Jurisdictional wetlands depicted on the survey should:
• Be labeled as Wetland Waters of the US, 404 wetlands, wetlands, etc.
• Include acreage (or square footage) of wetland polygons
• Identify each wetland polygon using an alphanumeric system
Jurisdictional non-wetland waters (non-wetland tidal/navigable waters,
tributaries, impoundments, ditches, etc.) depicted on the survey should:
• Be labeled as Non-Wetland Waters of the US, stream, tributary,
open water, relatively permanent waters (RPW),pond, etc.
• Mark the centerline of linear waters (tributaries), with
approximate widths to the Ordinary High Water Mark
(OHMW) OR a surveyed OHWM boundary of the tributary.
• List the linear footage of linear features and area(using
approximate widths)
• Mark the extent of OHMW for non-linear waters such as lakes,
ponds, etc.
• List the acreage of non-linear features
• Identify each feature using an alphanumeric system
Version: May 2017 Page 1

Isolated waters, waters that lack a significant nexus to navigable waters, or non-
jurisdictional upland features should be identified as non jurisdictional. Please
include the acreage and/or linear length of these features as appropriate.
Must include a legible Waters of the United States (wetlands and other
waters) Delineation Table of distances and bearings/metes and bounds/GPS
coordinates of all surveyed delineation points
Must ensure that all depicted wetlands or other waters intersect or tie-to
surveyed project/property boundaries
CERTIFICATION LANGUAGE
❑ Plats submitted for Corps approval should include the following Certification language
when the entire actual Jurisdictional Boundary is depicted:
"This certifies that this copy of this plat accurately depicts the boundary of the jurisdiction
of the Section 404 of the Clean Water Act as determined by the undersigned on this date.
Unless there is change in the law or our published regulations, this determination of Section
404 jurisdiction may be relied upon for a period not to exceed five years from this date. The
undersigned completed this determination utilizing the appropriate Regional Supplement to
the 1987 U.S.Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, 33 C.F.R. part 328
and other U.S.Army Corps of Engineers guidance."
Regulatory Official:
Title:
Date:
USACE Action ID No.:
Version: May 2017 Page 2

❑ Plats submitted for Corps approval should include the following Certification language
when uplands may be present within a depicted Jurisdictional Boundary
"This certifies that this copy of this plat identifies all areas of waters of the United States
regulated pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act as determined by the
undersigned on this date. Unless there is change in the law or our published regulations,
this determination of Section 404 jurisdiction may be relied upon for a period not to exceed
five years from this date. The undersigned completed this determination utilizing the
appropriate Regional Supplement to the 1987 U.S.Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands
Delineation Manual,33 C.F.R.part328 and other U.S.Army Corps of Engineers guidance."
Regulatory Official:
Title:
Date:
USACE Action ID No.:
GPS SURVEYS
For surveys prepared using a Global Positioning System (GPS), the survey must include all of
the above, as well as:
�✓ be at sub-meter accuracy at each survey point.
include an accuracy verification. One of more of the known points (property
corner, monument) shall be located with the GPS and cross referenced with the
existing traditional property survey(metes and bounds).
�✓ include a brief description of the GPS equipment utilized.
Version: May 2017 Page 3

PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION (PJD) FORM
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A. REPORT COMPLETION DATE FOR PJD:#CURRENT DATE TRADITIONAL#
B. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERSON REQUESTING PJD:Adam Carter,Wetland Solutions,LLC PO Box 244
Bunnlevel,NC 28323
C. DISTRICT OFFICE, FILE NAME,AND NUMBER: Wilmington,#FOLDER_NAME#,
#FOLDER DA NUMBER#
D. PROJECT LOCATION(S) AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION: 4269 RALEIGH ROAD PKWY W
(USE THE TABLE BELOW TO DOCUMENT MULTIPLE AQUATIC RESOURCES AND/OR
AQUATIC RESOURCES AT DIFFERENT SITES)
State:NC County/parish/borough:Wilson City: Wilson
Center coordinates of site (lat/long in degree decimal format): Lat.: 35.753694'Long.: -77.982888"
Universal Transverse Mercator: 17N
Name of nearest waterbody: Bloomery Swamp(Class:WS-IV;NSW)
E. REVIEW PERFORMED FOR SITE EVALUATION(CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):
❑ Office (Desk) Determination. Date:
❑ Field Determination. Date(s):
TABLE OF AQUATIC RESOURCES IN REVIEWAREA WHICH"MAY BE"SUBJECT TO REGULATORY
JURISDICTION.
Site Latitude(decimal Longitude Estimated amount of Type of aquatic Geographic authority to
Number degrees) (decimal degrees) aquatic resources in resources(i.e., which the aquatic resource
review area(acreage wetland vs.non- "may be"subject(i.e.,
and linear feet,if wetland waters) Section 404 or Section
a licable 10/404
W 1 35.752309 -77.984341 32.56 acres Wetland Section 404
W2 35.749623 -77.987171 12.37 acres Wetland Section 404
Sl 1 35.749374 -77.987014 1,7901f Non-wetland Section 10/404
S2 35.755162 -77.984525 1201f Non-wetland Section 10/404

1) The Corps of Engineers believes that there may be jurisdictional aquatic resources in the
review area, and the requestor of this PJD is hereby advised of his or her option to request
and obtain an approved JD (AJD) for that review area based on an informed decision after
having discussed the various types of JDs and their characteristics and circumstances when
they may be appropriate.
2) In any circumstance where a permit applicant obtains an individual permit, or a Nationwide
General Permit (NWP) or other general permit verification requiring "pre-construction
notification" (PCN), or requests verification for a non-reporting NWP or other general permit,
and the permit applicant has not requested an AJD for the activity, the permit applicant is
hereby made aware that: (1)the permit applicant has elected to seek a permit authorization
based on a PJD,which does not make an official determination of jurisdictional aquatic
resources; (2)the applicant has the option to request an AJD before accepting the terms and
conditions of the permit authorization, and that basing a permit authorization on an AJD could
possibly result in less compensatory mitigation being required or different special conditions;
(3)the applicant has the right to request an individual permit rather than accepting the terms
and conditions of the NWP or other general permit authorization; (4) the applicant can accept
a permit authorization and thereby agree to comply with all the terms and conditions of that
permit, including whatever mitigation requirements the Corps has determined to be necessary;
(5)undertaking any activity in reliance upon the subject permit authorization without
requesting an AJD constitutes the applicant's acceptance of the use of the PJD; (6) accepting a
permit authorization (e.g., signing a proffered individual permit) or undertaking any activity in
reliance on any form of Corps permit authorization based on a PJD constitutes agreement that
all aquatic resources in the review area affected in any way by that activity will be treated as
jurisdictional, and waives any challenge to such jurisdiction in any administrative or judicial
compliance or enforcement action, or in any administrative appeal or in any Federal court;
and(7)whether the applicant elects to use either an AJD or a PJD,the JD will be processed
as soon as practicable. Further, an AJD, a proffered individual permit (and all terms and
conditions contained therein), or individual permit denial can be administratively appealed
pursuant to 33 C.F.R. Part 331. If,during an administrative appeal, it becomes appropriate to
make an official determination whether geographic jurisdiction exists over aquatic resources
in the review area, or to provide an official delineation of jurisdictional aquatic resources in
the review area,the Corps will provide an AJD to accomplish that result, as soon as is
practicable. This PJD finds that there "may be"waters of the U.S. and/or that there "may be"
navigable waters of the U.S. on the subject review area, and identifies all aquatic features in
the review area that could be affected by the proposed activity, based on the following
information:

SUPPORTING DATA. Data reviewed for PJD (check all that apply)
Checked items should be included in subject file. Appropriately reference sources below where
indicated for all checked items:
❑ Maps, plans, plots or plat submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor:
Map:
® Data sheets prepared/submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor.
❑Office concurs with data sheets/delineation report.
❑Office does not concur with data sheets/delineation report. Rationale:
❑ Data sheets prepared by the Corps:
❑ Corps navigable waters'study:
❑ U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas:
❑USGS NHD data.
❑USGS 8 and 12 digit HUC maps.
®U.S.Geological Survey map(s).Cite scale&quad name: 24K; Wilson and Winstead Crossroads Quads
® Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey. Citation: SSURGO, 20220121
®National wetlands inventory map(s). Cite name: USFWS,Dec 2021
❑State/local wetland inventory map(s):
®FEMA/FIRM maps: FIRM Panels: 3720279200, 3720370200, 3720370300
❑ 100-year Floodplain Elevation is: (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929)
®Photographs: ®Aerial(Name & Date): Maxar 6/16/2018
or[-]Other(Name&Date):
❑ Previous determination(s). File no. and date of response letter:
❑Other information(please specify):
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information recorded on this form has not necessarily been
verified by the Corps and should not be relied upon for later jurisdictional
determinations.
:3a,,4 5/14/2023
Signature and date of Regulatory Signature and date of person
staff member completing PJD requesting PJD(REQUIRED,
unless obtaining the signature
is impracticable)1
1 Districts may establish timeframes for requester to return signed PJD forms. If the requester does not respond within the
established time frame, the district may presume concurrence and no additional follow up is necessary prior to finalizing
an action.

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Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC Figure.
ONE"° PINs: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000;
P.O.Box 244 3702-09-1421.000 May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323

Delineation Flags • M1-M8
• Al-A95 O Ditch
O B1-B113 (B1-B39 x2 sets) • Manhole
O J1-J52 O Top of Bank '
O K1-K39
AML
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of Wilson County (sheet 1 of 9), the NRCS Soil
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Raleigh Road West Parcels-131.5 acres
- Proposed_Utility Easement(20')
Utility Line Wetland Impacts-0.23 acre
}�- ®X1 -4,126 sq ft
• .: 2_ '^ ®X2-6,286 sq ft
- Proposed_Utility_Line_Buffer_Impact-2,114 sq ft
Raleigh Road WOUS 50'Buffer
Preliminary WOUS-1,910 ft
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Feet '
r Prelim Sec 404 Wetlands-44.93 acres .
I I I I I " = Sour e: E-sri, Ma ar Earhhs4ar Geo raphics,an the GIS User Commuy
Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
•a PINs: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 2a
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 Wetland Overview (Aerial: Maxar 6/16/2018) May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323

Stream S2 is not depicted on itch
the NRCS Wilson County soil lo
survey (sheet 1 of 9), the S2
NRCS Soil Survey
Geographic, or the USGS ditc%a86
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an hole Proposed Utility Line 50' Buffer Impact(2,114 sq ft)
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Delineation Flags • M1-M8 ® X1 —4,126 sq ft
• Al-A95 O Ditch ® X2 — 6,286 sq ft
O 131-13113 (131-1339 x2 sets) • Manhole ♦'N.* Preliminary WOUS — 1,910 ft
O J1-J52 O Top of Bank = Raleigh Road WOUS 50' Buffer
O K1-K39 Prelim Sec 404 Wetlands—44.93 acres
Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
PI Ns: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 2 b
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 UtilityEt Crossing Details May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323 asemen ross g

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Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
In—o"Num PI Ns: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 3
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 USGS 7.5-Minute Top o: Wilson and Winstead Crossroads Quads May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323

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NoB Raleigh Road West Parcels- 131.5 acres
• Soil Map Units
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GoA—Goldsboro sandy loam,0 to 2 percent slopes
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NoB—Norfolk loamy sand,2 to 6 percent slopes
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WaB—Wagram loamy sand,0 to 6 percent slopes
Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
0"LAM
PI Ns: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 4
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 NRCS Soil Survey Geographic SSURGO May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323 y

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Source: Esri, Maxar,cartm tar t�eog-apnics,ana ine Rio user community
Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
In—o"m LAM PINS: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 5
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 USFWS National Wetland Inventor Dec 2021 May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323 y

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Source: :sri, Maxar, cartnstar t�eograpnics,ana the ui- user ommantry�
Project Name: Raleigh Road West N
Location: Raleigh Road Pkwy, Wilson, NC
PI N s: 3703-11-8405.000; 3703-21-4116.000; 2792-98-7921.000; Figure: 6
3702-09-1421.000
P.O.Box 244 NC Flood Risk Information System May 13, 2023
Bunnlevel, NC 28323 y

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Soil Map—Wilson County, North Carolina 3:
M (Raleigh Road West)
229400 229600 zn800 230000 230200 230400 230600 230800
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N Meters
0 100 200 400 600
Feet
0 450 900 1800 2700
Map projection:Web Mercator Comer coordinates:WGS84 Edge tics:UTM Zone 18N WGS84
UsDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 2/4/2022
�iiiiO Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 1 of 3

Soil Map—Wilson County,North Carolina
(Raleigh Road West)
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
0 Area of Interest(AOI) Stony Spot 1:24,000.
Soils Very Stony Spot Warning:Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
0 Soil Map Unit Polygons
Wet Spot Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
ry Soil Map Unit Lines misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
Other line placement.The maps do not show the small areas of
p Soil Map Unit Points Special Line Features contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
.�
Special Point Features scale.
Vo Blowout Water Features
Streams and Canals Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Borrow Pit measurements.
Transportation
Clay Spot _ Rails Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Closed Depression Web Soil Survey URL:
rwr Interstate Highways Coordinate System: Web Mercator(EPSG:3857)
Gravel Pit US Routes
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
Gravelly Spot Y Major Roads projection,which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area.A projection that preserves area,such as the
Landfill Local Roads Albers equal-area conic projection,should be used if more
Lava Flow Background accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
Marsh or swamp . Aerial Photography This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s)listed below.
+ Mine or Quarry
Soil Survey Area: Wilson County, North Carolina
Miscellaneous Water Survey Area Data: Version 20,Jan 21,2022
Perennial Water Soil map units are labeled(as space allows)for map scales
Rock Outcrop 1:50,000 or larger.
Saline Spot Date(s)aerial images were photographed: Apr 23,2015—Oct
25,2018
4 Sandy Spot
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
Severely Eroded Spot compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor
Sinkhole shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
U}DA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 2/4/2022
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 2 of 3

Soil Map—Wilson County, North Carolina Raleigh Road West
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
Bb Bibb loam,0 to 2 percent 14.9 11.3%
slopes,frequently flooded
Co Coxville sandy loam,0 to 2 12.7 9.7%
percent slopes
GoA Goldsboro sandy loam,0 to 2 23.9 18.2%
percent slopes
GtB2 Gritney sandy loam,2 to 5 5.1 3.9%
percent slopes,moderately
eroded
NoA Norfolk loamy sand,0 to 2 1.9 1.4%
percent slopes
NoB Norfolk loamy sand,2 to 6 25.3 19.3%
percent slopes
Ra Rains sandy loam,0 to 2 30.6 23.3%
percent slopes
Tt Tomotley fine sandy loam,0 to 5.4 4.1%
2 percent slopes,rarely
flooded
WaB Wagram loamy sand,0 to 6 11.6 8.8%
percent slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 131.5 100.0%
usDA Natural Resources Web Soil Survey 2/4/2022
Conservation Service National Cooperative Soil Survey Page 3 of 3

_USDA United States A product of the National Custom Soil Resource
Department of Cooperative Soil Survey,
Agriculture a joint effort of the United Report for
RCS States Department of
Agriculture and other Wilson County,
Federal agencies, State
Natural agencies including the
Resources Agricultural Experiment North Carolina
Conservation Stations, and local
Service participants
Raleigh Road West
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February 4, 2022

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres)or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist(http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice)or(202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
SoilMap.................................................................................................................. 8
SoilMap................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
MapUnit Legend................................................................................................ 11
MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Wilson County, North Carolina........................................................................13
Bb—Bibb loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded.......................... 13
Co—Coxville sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.........................................14
GoA—Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.................................. 16
GtB2—Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, moderately eroded...... 17
NoA—Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes........................................18
NoB—Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes........................................19
Ra—Rains sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes............................................20
Tt—Tomotley fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded..........22
WaB—Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes.....................................24
References............................................................................................................26
4

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
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Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
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Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
7

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
M Soil Maps
229400 229600 2298W 230000 230200 230400 230600 230
35o 45 38"N QQ I _ 35°45'38"N
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264A
7.
10
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350 44'36"N - 350 44'36"N
229400 229600 229800 230000 230200 230400 230600
3 3
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Map Scale:1:9,460 if printed on A portrait(8.5"x 11")sheet.
N Meters
0 100 200 400 600
Feet
0 450 900 1800 2700
Map projection:Web Mercator Comer coordinates:WGS84 Edge tics:UTM Zone 18N WGS84
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Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest(AOI) Spoil Area The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
Area of Interest(AOI) Stony Spot 1:24,000.
Soils Very Stony Spot
0 Soil Map Unit Polygons Warning:Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Wet Spot
P1 0 Soil Map Unit Lines Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
Other misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
� Soil Map Unit Points 9 pp 9 Y
.- Special Line Features line placement.The maps do not show the small areas of
Special Point Features contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
Lo Blowout Water Features scale.
- Streams and Canals
Borrow Pit
Transportation Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
Clay Spot 1-44 Rails measurements.
Closed Depression
Interstate Highways
Gravel Pit Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
US Routes Web Soil Survey URL:
Gravelly Spot Major Roads Coordinate System: Web Mercator(EPSG:3857)
0 Landfill Local Roads Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
Lava Flow Background projection,which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area.A projection that preserves area,such as the
Marsh or swamp Aerial Photography Albers equal-area conic projection,should be used if more
Mine or Quarry accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
Miscellaneous Water This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
Perennial Water of the version date(s)listed below.
Rock Outcrop Soil Survey Area: Wilson County,North Carolina
Saline Spot Survey Area Data: Version 20,Jan 21,2022
Sandy Spot Soil map units are labeled(as space allows)for map scales
Severely Eroded Spot 1:50,000 or larger.
Sinkhole Date(s)aerial images were photographed: Apr 23,2015—Oct
Slide or Slip 25,2018
Sodic Spot The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps.As a result,some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
Bb Bibb loam,0 to 2 percent 14.9 11.3%
slopes,frequently flooded
Co Coxville sandy loam,0 to 2 12.7 9.7%
percent slopes
GoA Goldsboro sandy loam,0 to 2 23.9 18.2%
percent slopes
GtB2 Gritney sandy loam,2 to 5 5.1 3.9%
percent slopes,moderately
eroded
NoA Norfolk loamy sand,0 to 2 1.9 1.4%
percent slopes
NoB Norfolk loamy sand,2 to 6 25.3 19.3%
percent slopes
Ra Rains sandy loam,0 to 2 30.6 23.3%
percent slopes
Tt Tomotley fine sandy loam,0 to 5.4 4.1%
2 percent slopes, rarely
flooded
WaB Wagram loamy sand,0 to 6 11.6 8.8%
percent slopes
Totals for Area of Interest 131.5 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
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Custom Soil Resource Report
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
Iandform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Wilson County, North Carolina
Bb—Bibb loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x4m
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Bibb, undrained, and similar soils: 80 percent
Johnston, undrained, and similar soils: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Bibb, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Toeslope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Sandy and loamy alluvium
Typical profile
A -0 to 6 inches: sandy loam
Cgl - 6 to 60 inches: sandy loam
Cg2- 60 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: FrequentNone
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Description of Johnston, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Sandy and loamy alluvium
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Typical profile
A -0 to 30 inches: mucky loam
Cg1 -30 to 34 inches: loamy fine sand
Cg2-34 to 80 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Ponded
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 inches
Frequency of flooding: NoneFrequent
Frequency of ponding: Frequent
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 9.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Co—Coxville sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x4n
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Coxville, drained, and similar soils: 85 percent
Coxville, undrained, and similar soils: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Coxville, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions, carolina bays
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Clayey marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 9 inches: loam
Eg- 9 to 11 inches: loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Btg- 11 to 72 inches: sandy clay
Cg- 72 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Description of Coxville, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions, carolina bays
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Clayey marine deposits
Typical profile
A -0 to 9 inches: loam
Eg- 9 to 11 inches: loam
Btg- 11 to 72 inches: sandy clay
Cg- 72 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
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Custom Soil Resource Report
GoA—Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x4s
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Goldsboro and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 2 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Goldsboro
Setting
Landform: Flats on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 8 inches: sandy loam
E- 8 to 15 inches: sandy loam
Bt- 15 to 45 inches: sandy clay loam
Btg-45 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Rains, undrained
Percent of map unit:2 percent
Landform: Flats on marine terraces, carolina bays on marine terraces, broad
interstream divides on marine terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
GtB2—Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, moderately eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x4w
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Gritney and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Gritney
Setting
Landform: Ridges on marine terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Clayey marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt- 9 to 58 inches: clay
C- 58 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 18 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Hydric soil rating: No
NoA—Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2v75w
Elevation: 10 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 200 to 280 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Norfolk and similar soils: 83 percent
Minor components: 17 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Norfolk
Setting
Landform: Broad interstream divides on marine terraces, flats on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional):Talf
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 8 inches: loamy sand
E- 8 to 14 inches: loamy sand
Bt- 14 to 65 inches: sandy clay loam
BC- 65 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 40 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 1
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Goldsboro
Percent of map unit: 9 percent
Landform: Flats on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional):Talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Wagram
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Broad interstream divides on marine terraces, ridges on marine
terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, talf
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
NoB—Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2v75y
Elevation: 30 to 450 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 200 to 280 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Norfolk and similar soils: 83 percent
Minor components: 17 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Norfolk
Setting
Landform: Broad interstream divides on marine terraces, flats on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional):Talf
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex, linear
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 8 inches: loamy sand
E- 8 to 14 inches: loamy sand
Bt- 14 to 65 inches: sandy clay loam
BC- 65 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 40 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Wagram
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Broad interstream divides on marine terraces, ridges on marine
terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser, rise
Down-slope shape: Convex, linear
Across-slope shape: Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Goldsboro
Percent of map unit: 7 percent
Landform: Flats on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional):Talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Ra—Rains sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2v760
Elevation: 30 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 200 to 280 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained
Map Unit Composition
Rains, undrained, and similar soils: 58 percent
Rains, drained, and similar soils:24 percent
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor components: 18 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Rains, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Carolina bays on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine
terraces, flats on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip, talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
A -0 to 6 inches: sandy loam
Eg- 6 to 12 inches: sandy loam
Btg- 12 to 65 inches: sandy clay loam
BCg- 65 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Description of Rains, Drained
Setting
Landform: Carolina bays on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine
terraces, flats on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip, talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 6 inches: sandy loam
Eg- 6 to 12 inches: sandy loam
Btg- 12 to 65 inches: sandy clay loam
BCg- 65 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
21

Custom Soil Resource Report
Depth to water table:About 12 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Lynchburg
Percent of map unit: 10 percent
Landform: Flats on marine terraces, broad interstream divides on marine terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional):Talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Pantego, undrained
Percent of map unit: 8 percent
Landform: Stream terraces, flats, broad interstream divides
Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread, talf
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Tt—Tomotley fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x5h
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained
Map Unit Composition
Tomotley, drained, and similar soils: 80 percent
Tomotley, undrained, and similar soils: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Tomotley, Drained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces, flats on stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
22

Custom Soil Resource Report
Parent material: Old loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
BA -5 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
Btg-9 to 31 inches: clay loam
BCg-31 to 40 inches: sandy loam
Cg-40 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Description of Tomotley, Undrained
Setting
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces, flats on stream terraces
Down-slope shape: Linear
Across-slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old loamy alluvium derived from igneous and metamorphic rock
Typical profile
A -0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
BA -5 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
Btg-9 to 31 inches: clay loam
BCg-31 to 40 inches: sandy loam
Cg-40 to 80 inches: loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.20 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
23

Custom Soil Resource Report
Hydric soil rating: Yes
WaB—Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3x5p
Elevation: 80 to 330 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 55 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 70 degrees F
Frost-free period: 210 to 265 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Wagram and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Wagram
Setting
Landform: Broad interstream divides on marine terraces, ridges on marine
terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest
Down-slope shape: Convex
Across-slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Loamy marine deposits
Typical profile
Ap- 0 to 8 inches: loamy sand
E- 8 to 24 inches: loamy sand
Bt- 24 to 75 inches: sandy clay loam
BC- 75 to 83 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water(Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 60 to 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Hydric soil rating: No
24

Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Bibb, undrained
Percent of map unit: 3 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Toeslope
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Johnston, undrained
Percent of map unit:2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Down-slope shape: Concave
Across-slope shape: Linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
25

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres 142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
26

Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nres142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290.pdf
27

United States Department of the Interior #�
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
i�c 03 �/ Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh,NC 27636-3726
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
In Reply Refer To: May 14, 2023
Project Code: 2023-0081754
Project Name: Raleigh Road West
Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project
location or may be affected by your proposed project
To Whom It May Concern:
The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed and candidate species, as
well as proposed and final designated critical habitat, that may occur within the boundary of your
proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The species list fulfills the
requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the
Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended(16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). If your project area
contains suitable habitat for any of the federally-listed species on this species list, the proposed
action has the potential to adversely affect those species. If suitable habitat is present, surveys
should be conducted to determine the species'presence or absence within the project area. The
use of this species list and/or North Carolina Natural Heritage program data should not be
substituted for actual field surveys.
New information based on updated surveys, changes in the abundance and distribution of
species, changed habitat conditions, or other factors could change this list. Please feel free to
contact us if you need more current information or assistance regarding the potential impacts to
federally proposed, listed, and candidate species and federally designated and proposed critical
habitat. Please note that under 50 CFR 402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the
Act, the accuracy of this species list should be verified after 90 days. This verification can be
completed formally or informally as desired. The Service recommends that verification be
completed by visiting the ECOS-IPaC website at regular intervals during project planning and
implementation for updates to species lists and information.An updated list may be requested
through the ECOS-IPaC system by completing the same process used to receive the enclosed list.
The purpose of the Act is to provide a means whereby threatened and endangered species and the
ecosystems upon which they depend may be conserved. Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the
Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to
utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of threatened and endangered

05/14/2023 2
species and to determine whether projects may affect threatened and endangered species and/or
designated critical habitat.
A Biological Assessment is required for construction projects (or other undertakings having
similar physical impacts)that are major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the
human environment as defined in the National Environmental Policy Act(42 U.S.C. 4332(2)
(c)). For projects other than major construction activities, the Service suggests that a biological
evaluation similar to a Biological Assessment be prepared to determine whether the project may
affect listed or proposed species and/or designated or proposed critical habitat. Recommended
contents of a Biological Assessment are described at 50 CFR 402.12.
If a Federal agency determines, based on the Biological Assessment or biological evaluation, that
listed species and/or designated critical habitat may be affected by the proposed project, the
agency is required to consult with the Service pursuant to 50 CFR 402. In addition, the Service
recommends that candidate species, proposed species and proposed critical habitat be addressed
within the consultation. More information on the regulations and procedures for section 7
consultation, including the role of permit or license applicants, can be found in the "Endangered
Species Consultation Handbook" at:
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/TOC-GLOS.PDF
Migratory Birds: In addition to responsibilities to protect threatened and endangered species
under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), there are additional responsibilities under the
Migratory Bird Treaty Act(MBTA) and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act(BGEPA)to
protect native birds from project-related impacts.Any activity, intentional or unintentional,
resulting in take of migratory birds, including eagles, is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)). For more
information regarding these Acts see https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations.php.
The MBTA has no provision for allowing take of migratory birds that may be unintentionally
killed or injured by otherwise lawful activities. It is the responsibility of the project proponent to
comply with these Acts by identifying potential impacts to migratory birds and eagles within
applicable NEPA documents (when there is a federal nexus) or a Bird/Eagle Conservation Plan
(when there is no federal nexus). Proponents should implement conservation measures to avoid
or minimize the production of project-related stressors or minimize the exposure of birds and
their resources to the project-related stressors. For more information on avian stressors and
recommended conservation measures see https://www.fws.gov/birds/bird-enthusiasts/threats-to-
birds.php.
In addition to MBTA and BGEPA, Executive Order 13186: Responsibilities of Federal Agencies
to Protect Migratory Birds, obligates all Federal agencies that engage in or authorize activities
that might affect migratory birds, to minimize those effects and encourage conservation measures
that will improve bird populations. Executive Order 13186 provides for the protection of both
migratory birds and migratory bird habitat. For information regarding the implementation of
Executive Order 13186, please visit https://www.fws.govibirds/policies-and-regulations/
executive-orders/e0-13186.php.

05/14/2023 3
We appreciate your concern for threatened and endangered species. The Service encourages
Federal agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species into their project
planning to further the purposes of the Act. Please include the Consultation Code in the header of
this letter with any request for consultation or correspondence about your project that you submit
to our office.
Attachment(s):
■ Official Species List
• Migratory Birds

05/14/2023 1
OFFICIAL SPECIES LIST
This list is provided pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and fulfills the
requirement for Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary of the Interior information whether
any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a proposed
action".
This species list is provided by:
Raleigh Ecological Services Field Office
Post Office Box 33726
Raleigh, NC 27636-3726
[phone]

05/14/2023 2
PROJECT SUMMARY
Project Code: 2023-0081754
Project Name: Raleigh Road West
Project Type: Residential Construction
Project Description: Proposed residential development
Project Location:
The approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https://
www.google.com/maps/035.7547819,-77!9822688766017,14z
{L�l
a
r
Counties: Wilson County, North Carolina

05/14/2023 3
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SPECIES
There is a total of 5 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list.
Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include
species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species
list because a project could affect downstream species.
IPaC does not display listed species or critical habitats under the sole jurisdiction of NOAA
Fisheries1, as USFWS does not have the authority to speak on behalf of NOAA and the
Department of Commerce.
See the "Critical habitats" section below for those critical habitats that lie wholly or partially
within your project area under this office's jurisdiction. Please contact the designated FWS office
if you have questions.
1. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an
office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of
Commerce.
MAMMALS
NAME STATUS
Tricolored Bat Perimyotis sub flavus Proposed
No critical habitat has been designated for this species. Endangered
Species profile:httpss://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/10515
AMPHIBIANS
NAME STATUS
Neuse River Waterdog Necturus lewisi Threatened
There is final critical habitat for this species.Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.
Species profile:https:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6772
FISHES
NAME STATUS
Carolina Madtom Noturus furiosus Endangered
There is final critical habitat for this species.Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.
Species profile:https:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/528
CLAMS
NAME STATUS
Atlantic Pigtoe Fusconaia masoni Threatened
There is final critical habitat for this species.Your location does not overlap the critical habitat.
Species profile:https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5164

05/14/2023 4
INSECTS
NAME STATUS
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Candidate
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile:https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
CRITICAL HABITATS
THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S
JURISDICTION.
YOU ARE STILL REQUIRED TO DETERMINE IF YOUR PROJECT(S)MAY HAVE EFFECTS ON ALL
ABOVE LISTED SPECIES.

05/14/2023
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act! and the Bald and Golden Eagle
Protection Act2.
Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to
migratory birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider
implementing appropriate conservation measures, as described below.
1. The Migratory Birds Treaty Act of 1918.
2. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.
3. 50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)
The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your
project location.To learn more about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this
list is generated, see the FAQ below. This is not a list of every bird you may find in this location,
nor a guarantee that every bird on this list will be found in your project area. To see exact
locations of where birders and the general public have sighted birds in and around your project
area, visit the E-bird data mapping tool (Tip: enter your location, desired date range and a species
on your list). For projects that occur off the Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing
the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species on your list are available. Links to
additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and other important information about your
migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report, can be
found below.
For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures
to reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE
SUMMARY at the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and
breeding in your project area.
BREEDING
NAME SEASON
American Kestrel Falco sparverius paulus Breeds Apr 1 to
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)only in particular Bird Conservation Regions Aug 31
(SCRs)in the continental USA
htWs:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9587
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Breeds Sep 1 to
This is not a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)in this area,but warrants attention Jul 31
because of the Eagle Act or for potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types
of development or activities.

05/14/2023 2
BREEDING
NAME SEASON
Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla Breeds Mar 1 to
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)only in particular Bird Conservation Regions Jul 15
(BCRs)in the continental USA
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Breeds Mar 15
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA to Aug 25
and Alaska.
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Breeds
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA elsewhere
and Alaska.
h!Ws:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9679
Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor Breeds May 1 to
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA Jul 31
and Alaska.
Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea Breeds Apr 1 to
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA Jul 31
and Alaska.
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Breeds May 10
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA to Sep 10
and Alaska.
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Breeds May 10
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA to Aug 31
and Alaska.
PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY
The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be
present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project
activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understand the
FAQ "Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report" before using or attempting
to interpret this report.
Probability of Presence (■)
Each green bar represents the bird's relative probability of presence in the 10km grid cell(s) your
project overlaps during a particular week of the year. (A year is represented as 12 4-week
months.)A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species presence. The survey effort(see
below) can be used to establish a level of confidence in the presence score. One can have higher
confidence in the presence score if the corresponding survey effort is also high.
How is the probability of presence score calculated?The calculation is done in three steps:
1. The probability of presence for each week is calculated as the number of survey events in
the week where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for
that week. For example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee

05/14/2023 3
was found in 5 of them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is
0.25.
2. To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of
presence is calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum
probability of presence across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence
in week 20 for the Spotted Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12
(0.25) is the maximum of any week of the year. The relative probability of presence on
week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 0.05/0.25 = 0.2.
3. The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical
conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the
probability of presence score.
Breeding Season ( )
Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-frame inside which the bird breeds across
its entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project
area.
Survey Effort (1)
Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys
performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s) your project area overlaps. The number of
surveys is expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys.
No Data (—)
A week is marked as having no data if there were no survey events for that week.
Survey Timeframe
Surveys from only the last 10 years are used in order to ensure delivery of currently relevant
information. The exception to this is areas off the Atlantic coast, where bird returns are based on
all years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse.
■probability of presence breeding season I survey effort —no data
SPECIES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
American Kestrel +'++ ++++ ,+++ ++++ ++.+ +++� h-11- ++++ ++++ ,+++ ++++ ++-+BCC-BCR AMEN ME■E ME1■ ■E M■k
Bald Eagle
Non-BCC
Vulnerable �+ 1 11 '� IIII IIII IIII IIII 11�' +111 +�II IIII IIII IIII
Brown-headed Jill 1111 Jill 111i i fs ++1111+111+1111111+1 +11114-
Nuthatch
BCC-BCR ---
Chimney Swift ++++ ++++ �" + "" „++ ++++ ++—+

05/14/2023 4
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Lesser Yellowlegs ++ + ++++ + ++++ ++I+ ++—+ ++++ ++ + + Jill ,+++ ++
++ 4-4-4-
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Prairie Warbler ++ + +++ ++++ +,+, Jill Jill Jill +' + ++' + '
BCC Rangewide + + + + ++ ++
++ 4-4-4-
(CON)
Prothonotary
Prothon ,,, "'Jill '
Warbler ++++ ++++ ++++ + + + + ++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++—+
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Red-headed ++ + +++ ++++ ++++ +"I Jill l + +_`+ +++ + +
Woodpecker + + ` ++ + +++ + ++ 4-4-4-
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Wood Thrush „ '""""'� �
BCC Rangewide ++++ ++++ ++++ + + ++++ ++++ ++++ ++—+
(CON)
Additional information can be found using the following links:
■ Birds of Conservation Concern https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds/species
■ Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds https://www.fws.gov/library
collections/avoiding-and-minimizing-incidental-take-migratory-birds
■ Nationwide conservation measures for birds https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/
documents/nationwide-standard-conservation-measures.pdf
MIGRATORY BIRDS FAQ
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts
to migratory birds.
Nationwide Conservation Measures describes measures that can help avoid and minimize
impacts to all birds at any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly
important when birds are most likely to occur in the project area.When birds may be breeding in
the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and avoiding their destruction is a very
helpful impact minimization measure. To see when birds are most likely to occur and be breeding
in your project area, view the Probability of Presence Summary. Additional measures or permits
may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of
infrastructure or bird species present on your project site.
What does IPaC use to generate the list of migratory birds that potentially occur in my
specified location?
The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised of USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern
(BCQ and other species that may warrant special attention in your project location.

05/14/2023 5
The migratory bird list generated for your project is derived from data provided by the Avian
Knowledge Network (AKN). The AKN data is based on a growing collection of survey, banding,
and citizen science datasets and is queried and filtered to return a list of those birds reported as
occurring in the 10km grid cell(s) which your project intersects, and that have been identified as
warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that area, an eagle (Eagle Act
requirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to offshore activities or
development.
Again, the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your
project area. It is not representative of all birds that may occur in your project area. To get a list
of all birds potentially present in your project area, please visit the Rapid Avian Information
Locator(RAIL) Tool.
What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds
potentially occurring in my specified location?
The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data
provided by the Avian Knowledge Network(AKN). This data is derived from a growing
collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasets.
Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information
becomes available. To learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and
how to interpret them, go the Probability of Presence Summary and then click on the "Tell me
about these graphs" link.
How do I know if a bird is breeding,wintering or migrating in my area?
To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within (i.e. breeding,
wintering, migrating or year-round), you may query your location using the RAIL Tool and look
at the range maps provided for birds in your area at the bottom of the profiles provided for each
bird in your results. If a bird on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated
with it, if that bird does occur in your project area, there may be nests present at some point
within the timeframe specified. If "Breeds elsewhere" is indicated, then the bird likely does not
breed in your project area.
What are the levels of concern for migratory birds?
Migratory birds delivered through IPaC fall into the following distinct categories of concern:
1. "BCC Rangewide" birds are Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC)that are of concern
throughout their range anywhere within the USA(including Hawaii, the Pacific Islands,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands);
2. "BCC - BCR" birds are BCCs that are of concern only in particular Bird Conservation
Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA; and
3. "Non-BCC -Vulnerable" birds are not BCC species in your project area, but appear on
your list either because of the Eagle Act requirements (for eagles) or(for non-eagles)
potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types of development or activities
(e.g. offshore energy development or longline fishing).

05/14/2023 6
Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, efforts should be made,
in particular, to avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC
species of rangewide concern. For more information on conservation measures you can
implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird impacts and requirements for eagles,
please see the FAQs for these topics.
Details about birds that are potentially affected by offshore projects
For additional details about the relative occurrence and abundance of both individual bird species
and groups of bird species within your project area off the Atlantic Coast, please visit the
Northeast Ocean Data Portal. The Portal also offers data and information about other taxa besides
birds that may be helpful to you in your project review.Alternately, you may download the bird
model results files underlying the portal maps through the NOAA NCCOS Integrative Statistical
Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic
Outer Continental Shelf project webpage.
Bird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrence and habitat use
throughout the year, including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this
information. For additional information on marine bird tracking data, see the Diving Bird Study
and the nanotag studies or contact Caleb Spiegel or Pam Lorin.
What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permit to avoid
violating the Eagle Act should such impacts occur.
Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report
The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of
birds of priority concern. To learn more about how your list is generated, and see options for
identifying what other birds may be in your project area, please see the FAQ "What does IPaC
use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location". Please be
aware this report provides the "probability of presence" of birds within the 10 km grid cell(s)that
overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look
carefully at the survey effort (indicated by the black vertical bar) and for the existence of the "no
data" indicator (a red horizontal bar).A high survey effort is the key component. If the survey
effort is high, then the probability of presence score can be viewed as more dependable. In
contrast, a low survey effort bar or no data bar means a lack of data and, therefore, a lack of
certainty about presence of the species. This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for
identifying what birds of concern have the potential to be in your project area, when they might
be there, and if they might be breeding (which means nests might be present). The list helps you
know what to look for to confirm presence, and helps guide you in knowing when to implement
conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts from your project activities,
should presence be confirmed. To learn more about conservation measures, visit the FAQ "Tell
me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory
birds" at the bottom of your migratory bird trust resources page.

05/14/2023 7
IPAC USER CONTACT INFORMATION
Agency: Wetland Solutions LLC
Name: Wesley Johnson
Address: 816 Merry Street
City: Dunn
State: NC
Zip: 28334
Email [e-mail]
Phone: [phone]

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Roy Cooper,Governor
0 MEN
■■ IF NC DEPARTMENT OF D.Reid Wilson,Secretary
i !
■■k�■A NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
■ ■■■ Misty Buchanan
Deputy Director,Natural Heritage Program
NCNHDE-21901
May 14, 2023
Wesley Johnson
Wetland Solutions
816 Merry Street
Dunn, NC 28334
RE: Raleigh Road West
Dear Wesley Johnson:
The North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (NCNHP) appreciates the opportunity to provide
information about natural heritage resources for the project referenced above.
Based on the project area mapped with your request, a query of the NCNHP database indicates that
there are no records for rare species, important natural communities, natural areas, and/or
conservation/managed areas within the proposed project boundary. Please note that although there
may be no documentation of natural heritage elements within the project boundary, it does not
imply or confirm their absence; the area may not have been surveyed. The results of this query
should not be substituted for field surveys where suitable habitat exists. In the event that rare
species are found within the project area, please contact the NCNHP so that we may update our
records.
The attached 'Potential Occurrences' table summarizes rare species and natural communities that
have been documented within a one-mile radius of the property boundary. The proximity of these
records suggests that these natural heritage elements may potentially be present in the project area
if suitable habitat exists. Tables of natural areas and conservation/managed areas within a one-mile
radius of the project area, if any, are also included in this report.
If a Federally-listed species is found within the project area or is indicated within a one-mile radius of
the project area, the NCNHP recommends contacting the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for
guidance. Contact information for USFWS offices in North Carolina is found here:
https://www.fws.gov/offices/Directory/ListOffices.cfm?statecode=37.
Please note that natural heritage element data are maintained for the purposes of conservation
planning, project review, and scientific research, and are not intended for use as the primary criteria
for regulatory decisions. Information provided by the NCNHP database may not be published
without prior written notification to the NCNHP, and the NCNHP must be credited as an information
source in these publications. Maps of NCNHP data may not be redistributed without permission.
The NC Natural Heritage Program may follow this letter with additional correspondence if a
Dedicated Nature Preserve, Registered Heritage Area, Land and Water Fund easement, or Federally-
listed species are documented near the project area.
If you have questions regarding the information provided in this letter or need additional assistance,
please contact Rodney A. Butler at rod nev.butler(o)ncdcr.gov or 919-707-8603.
Sincerely,
NC Natural Heritage Program
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL.AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
1:1 W.JONES STREET,RALEIGI 4_NC 27fiO3 - 1651 MAIL SERVICE CENTER,RALCIGH.NC 27699
OFC 915707.9120 • FA 919.707.4121

Natural Heritage Element Occurrences, Natural Areas, and Managed Areas Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Raleigh Road West
May 14, 2023
NCNHDE-21901
No Element Occurrences are Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
No Natural Areas are Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Managed Areas Documented Within a One-mile Radius of the Project Area
Managed Area Name Ow Owner Type
City of Wilson Open Space City of Wilson Local Government
City of Wilson Open Space City of Wilson Local Government
Definitions and an explanation of status designations and codes can be found at httos://ncnhde.natureserve.org/help. Data query generated on May 14,2023;source: NCNHP,Q4,Winter(January)2023.
Please resubmit your information request if more than one year elapses before project initiation as new information is continually added to the NCNHP database.
Page 2 of 3

NCNHDE-21901 : Raleigh Road West
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ccnlnbutars,and[ire GIS User Community
Page 3 of 3

5/14/23,8:44 AM Wilson County,GIS-Property Report
Wilson County Parcel Report
PIN: 3703-11-8405.000
Parcel Number: 3703118405.000
Current Owner ID: 1129851
Owner&Address: SOUTHBURY DEVELOPMENT LLC
20 COCHRANE CASTLE CIR
Date Sold: 1677542400000
Deed Reference: 3006-197
Deed Year: 2023
Plat Reference: 8-66
Deed Acres: 67.91
Actual Year Built:
Effective Year Built:
Main Improvement
Finished Area:
Tax Year: 2023
Assessed Current
Land Value: $488,948
Assessed Current
Improvement Value: $0
Total Assessed
Current Value: $488,948
Current Land Use
N
Yes or No:
Current Land Use Value: $488,948
Current Land
Fair Market Value: $488,948
Current Improvement
$0
Fair Market Value:
Current Total
$488,948
Fair Market Value:
Grantor: BRANCH BANKING&TRUST TRUSTEE,
EMMETT BLACKSHEAR
Previous ParcelNumber:
Previous Deed Reference:
Plat Book/Page:
Legal Description: 4269 RALEIGH ROAD PKWY W
TR-2A HIGH TR 67.91AC
Sales Amount: $848,000
Sales Instrument: SWD
Sales Instrument Description: SPECIAL WARRANTY DEED
Sales Disqualifaction Code:
Sales Disqualifaction Code Description:
Date Sold: 20230228
Vacant Improved Code: V
Land Current Usage Code:
Land Rate: AC-ACRES
Fair Market Value
5010
Land Rate Code:
Parcel Description Code 1: 50-RURAL HOMESITE
Parcel Description Code 2: 00-VACANT
Multiple Land Segments: MLT
GIS Calculated Acres
60.03
of Selected Polygon:
https://gis.wiIson-co.com/maps/assets/wiIson/PropertyReport.html?3703118405.000 1/2

5/14/23,8:44 AM Wilson County,GIS-Property Report
Quantity: 1
Road Frontage:
Current Use Code Main Improvement:
Main Improvement Decription Code:
Main Improvement Description: VACANT-
Construction Quality Grade Decription Code:
Depreciation Table:
Number of Bedrooms:
Number of Full Bathrooms:
Number of Half Bathrooms:
HVAC: -SF
Fireplace Yes or No: N-
Basement Yes or No: N-
Attached Garage Yes or No: N-
Percent of Construction Complete: %
Number of Improvements: 000
Neighborhood Code: 8243-RALEIGH_ROAD_PKWY_A-1
City: WLSN-WILSON
Tax District: 13-C/SW/CONTENTNEA FD
Township: 6-TAYLORS
Area: 34-MKT ZONE-WILSON COUNTY W
Vicinity Map
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Orthophotography Map
https://gis.wilson-co.com/maps/assets/wilson/PropertyReport.html?3703118405.000 2/2

5/14/23,8:44 AM Wilson County,GIS-Property Report
Wilson County Parcel Report
PIN: 3703-21-4116.000
Parcel Number: 3703214116.000
Current Owner ID: 69925477
WILLIAMSON RALPH EDWARD JR
Owner&Address: STEPHENS BARBARA W
306 CROSS LAKE DR
Date Sold:
Deed Reference: 1472-303
Deed Year: 1993
Plat Reference: 23-253
Deed Acres: 47.38
Actual Year Built:
Effective Year Built:
Main Improvement
Finished Area:
Tax Year: 2023
Assessed Current
Land Value: $355,816
Assessed Current
Improvement Value: $0
Total Assessed
$355,816
Current Value:
Current Land Use
N
Yes or No:
Current Land Use Value: $355,816
Current Land
Fair Market Value: $355,816
Current Improvement
Fair Market Value: $0
Current Total
Fair Market Value: $355,816
Grantor:
Previous ParcelNumber:
Previous Deed Reference:
Plat Book/Page:
4245 A RALEIGH ROAD PKWY
Legal Description: HIGH TR 47.38AC
93 ACREAGE CORRECTION BY
Sales Amount: $0
Sales Instrument:
Sales Instrument Description:
Sales Disqualifaction Code:
Sales Disqualifaction Code Description:
Date Sold:
Vacant Improved Code:
Land Current Usage Code:
Land Rate: AC-ACRES
Fair Market Value
0700
Land Rate Code:
Parcel Description Code 1: 10-COMMERICAL
Parcel Description Code 2: 00-VACANT
Multiple Land Segments:
https://gis.wiIson-co.com/maps/assets/wiIson/PropertyReport.html?3703214116.000 1/2

5/14/23,8:44 AM Wilson County,GIS-Property Report
GIS Calculated Acres
50.62
of Selected Polygon:
Quantity: 2.5
Road Frontage: -
Current Use Code Main Improvement:
Main Improvement Decription Code:
Main Improvement Description: VACANT-
Construction Quality Grade Decription Code:
Depreciation Table:
Number of Bedrooms:
Number of Full Bathrooms:
Number of Half Bathrooms:
HVAC: -SF
Fireplace Yes or No: N-
Basement Yes or No: N-
Attached Garage Yes or No: N-
Percent of Construction Complete: %
Number of Improvements: 000
Neighborhood Code: 8243-RALEIGH_ROAD_PKWY_A-1
City: WLSN-WILSON
Tax District: 13-C/SW/CONTENTNEA FD
Township: 6-TAYLORS
Area: 34-MKT ZONE-WILSON COUNTY W
Vicinity Map
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Orthophotography Map
https://gis.wiIson-co.com/maps/assets/wiIson/PropertyReport.html?3703214116.000 2/2

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A;;ent Authorization,Getter
May 12,2023
Owner Information
Owner Name : Southbury Development,LLC
Mailing Address: 20 Cochran Castle Circle
City, State,Zip: Pinehurst,NC 28374
Phone#:[phone]
Prol)eqy Description
PIN:3703-11-8405.000 37
Project: Raleigh Road West Sewer Outfall.
Address: 4269 Raleigh Road PKWY W
TR-2A High TR 67.91ac
County:Wilson County
I QAVtO CNQPOA) as owner/agent of the above referenced
property, authorize the US Army Corps of Engineers and NCDWR to enter the subject property
for the purpose of a jurisdictional determination.
I also autbo Mr.Adam er of Wetland Solutions, LLC to act in my behalf as my agent in
pracessin pplicatio f etland certification and/or permits.
�� 0--- aW'V02
Signature Title Date
Wetland Solutions,LLC PO Box 244 Bunnlevel,NC 28323
[phone]
Adam(@,WetlandNC.com
www.WetlandNC.com
F

United States In Cooperation with
6h Soil Survey o f
Department of North Carolina Department
F Agriculture of Natural Resources and
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County
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Conservation Research Service,
Service North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina
Extension Service, and
Wilson County
Board of Commissioners
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How To Use This Soil Survey
General Soil Map
The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area
divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the
use and management of large areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the
map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units
for a general description of the soils in your area.
Detailed Soil Maps
The detailed soil maps follow the general soil map. These maps can i
be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.
FF
To find information about 1 4,
your area of interest, 4 i
locate that area on the Q
Index to Map Sheets, MAP SHEET
which precedes the soil
maps. Note the number of 17,- _..�.�,_..-....y -,,. ._ ,.-.
the map sheet, and turn to -J
i!an€k T{;MAP SHE=-TS
that sheet.
Wa F
Locate your area of 7 Fa
interest on the map arc
sheet. Note the map unit f sac as9
symbols that are in that rH
area. Turn to the Index
to Map Units (see Con-
"""_...,_..... AREA OF INTEREST
tents), which lists the map NOTE: Map unit symbols in a soil
survey may consist only of numbers or
units by symbol and letters, or they may be a combination
name and shows the of numbers and letters.
page where each map MAP SHEET
unit is described.
The Summary of Tables shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map
unit. See Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a
joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other federal
agencies, state agencies including the Agricultural Research Service, and local
agencies. The Soil Conservation Service has leadership for the federal part of
the National Cooperative Soil Survey. In line with Department of Agriculture
policies, benefits of this program are available to all, regardless of race, color,
national origin, sex, religion, marital status, or age.
Major fieldwork for this soil survey was performed in the period 1974-79. Soil
names and descriptions were approved in 1980. Unless otherwise indicated,
statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1979.
This survey was made cooperatively by the Soil Conservation Service, the
Wilson County Board of Commissioners, the North Carolina Agricultural
Research Service, the North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, and the
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development.
It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Wilson County Soil and
Water Conservation District.
Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of
these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping.
If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could
have been shown at a larger scale.
This soil survey supersedes a soil survey of Wilson County published in 1925.
Cover.' The soils in Wilson County are used mainly as cropland,
woodland, and industrial sites. The tobacco is on Marlboro loamy sand, 0
to 2 percent slopes, and the woodland is on Rains sandy loam.
II

contents
Indexto map units........................................................ iv Recreation.................................................................... 35
Summaryof tables........................................................ v Wildlife habitat ............................................................. 35
Foreword......................................................................... vii Engineering.................................................................. 37
General nature of the survey area................................ 1 Soil properties............................................................... 43
How this survey was made............................................ 3 Engineering index properties...................................... 43
General soil map units................................................. 5 Physical and chemical properties.............................. 44
Soil descriptions.......................................................... 5 Soil and water features............................................... 44
Detailed soil map units................................................ 9 Classification of the soils............................................ 47
Soil descriptions.......................................................... 9 Soil series and their morphology................................... 47
Prime farmland.............................................................. 29 Formation of the soils.................................................. 65
Use and management of the soils............................ 31 References..................................................................... 69
Crops and pasture....................................................... 31 Glossary............................... ............... 71
............................
Woodland management and productivity................. 34 Tables.............................................................................. 77
soil series
Altavistaseries................................................................. 47 Norfolk series................................................................... 55
Aycockseries................................................................... 48 Rains series..................................................................... 56
Bibb series....................................................................... 49 Roanoke series................................................................ 57
.............................
Chewacla series.............................................................. 49 Stallings series.................................... .... 57
.........................
Coxvilleseries.................................................................. 50 State series...................................................................... 58
Duplinseries.................................................................... 50 Tarboro series................................................................. 58
Exumseries...................................................................... 51 Tatum series...................................................................
Fuquay series................................................................... 51 Toisnot series.................................... ........... 59
...................
Goldsboro series............................................................. 52 Tomotley series.............................
Granthamseries.............................................................. 52 Varina series.................................................................... 60
Gritneyseries................................................................... 53 Wagram series................................................................. 61
Marlboroseries................................................................ 54 Wedowee series.............................................................. 62
Nankinseries................................................................... 54 Wehadkee series............................................................. 62
Nason series.................................................................... 55 Wilbanks series............---- ...... 63
.........................................
Issued May 1983
iii

index to map units
AaA—Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent NnC—Nason silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes........... 17
slopes........................................................................ 9 NoA—Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes...... 18
AyA—Aycock very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent NoB—Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes...... 18
slopes........................................................................ 10 NuB—Norfolk-Urban land complex, 0 to 6 percent
AyB—Aycock very fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes........................................................................ 18
slopes........................................................................ 11 Qu—Pits, Quarries........................................................... 19
Bb—Bibb loam................................................................. 12 Ra—Rains sandy loam................................................... 19
Co—Coxville sandy loam ............................................... 12 Rb—Rains-Urban land complex.................................... 19
DpA—Duplin sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 12 Ro—Roanoke loam......................................................... 19
ExA—Exum very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Sa—Stallings fine sandy loam....................................... 20
slopes........................................................................ 13 StA—State loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes........... 20
FuB—Fuquay loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes....... 13 TaB—Tarboro sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes................. 21
GoA—Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. 14 TmB—Tatum loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes................... 21
GpA—Goldsboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 2 To—Toisnot loam............................................................ 21
percent slopes ......................................................... 14 Tt—Tomotley fine sandy loam....................................... 22
Gr—Grantham very fine sandy loam............................ 14 Ud—Udorthents, loamy.................................................. 23
GtB2—Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, Ur—Urban land................................................................ 23
eroded....................................................................... 15 VaA—Varina loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 23
GtC2—Gritney sandy loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, VaB—Varina loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes........ 24
eroded....................................................................... 15 WaB—Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes.... 25
Gu—Gritney-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent WeB—Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent
slopes............................................. . .. .. ... . .. . . ..... 16 slopes............................................................... ...... 25
MaA—Marlboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes... 16 WeC—Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 6 to 10
MaB—Marlboro loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes... 16 percent slopes......................................................... 25
NaB2—Nankin sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, Wh—Wehadkee and Chewacla Ioams......................... 26
eroded....................................................................... 17 Wk—Wilbanks silt loam.................................................. 26
NnB—Nason silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes............. 17
iv

summary of tables
Temperature and precipitation (table 1)........................................................... 78
Freeze dates in spring and fall (table 2).......................................................... 79
Probability. Temperature.
Growing season (table 3)................................................................................... 79
Probability. Length/temperature.
Acreage and proportionate extent of the soils (table 4)................................ 80
Acres. Percent.
Yields per acre of crops and pasture (table 5) ............................................... 81
Corn. Tobacco. Soybeans. Oats. Wheat. Pasture. Grass-
legume hay.
Woodland management and productivity (table 6)......................................... 83
Ordination symbol. Management concerns. Potential
productivity. Trees to plant.
Recreational development (table 7).................................................................. 85
Camp areas. Picnic areas. Playgrounds. Paths and trails.
Wildlife habitat (table 8) ..................................................................................... 88
Potential for habitat elements. Potential as habitat for—
Openland wildlife, Woodland wildlife, Wetland wildlife.
Building site development (table 9) .................................................................. 90
Shallow excavations. Dwellings without basements.
Dwellings with basements. Small commercial buildings.
Local roads and streets. Lawns and landscaping.
Sanitary facilities (table 10)................................................................................ 93
Septic tank absorption fields. Waste treatment lagoon.
Trench sanitary landfill. Area sanitary landfill. Daily cover
for landfill.
Construction materials (table 11)..............................................................I....... 96
Roadfill. Sand. Topsoil.
Water management (table 12)........................................................................... 98
Limitations for—Pond reservoir areas; Embankments,
dikes, and levees. Features affecting—Drainage, Irrigation,
Terraces and diversions, Grassed waterways.
Engineering index properties (table 13) ........................................................... 101
Depth. USDA texture. Classification—Unified, AASHTO.
Fragments greater than 3 inches. Percentage passing
sieve-4, 10, 40, 200. Liquid limit. Plasticity index.
v

Physical and chemical properties of the soils (table 14) ............................... 105
Depth. Permeability. Available water capacity. Soil
reaction. Shrink-swell potential. Erosion factors. Organic
matter.
Soil and water features (table 15).................................................................I... 108
Hydrologic group. Flooding. High water table. Bedrock.
Risk of corrosion.
Engineering index test data table 16 .. 110
Classification. Grain-size distribution. Liquid limit. Plasticity
index. Moisture density.
Classification of the soils (table 17).................................................................. 112
Family or higher taxonomic class.
vi

foreword
This soil survey contains information that can be used in land-planning
programs in Wilson County. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected
land uses. The survey also highlights limitations and hazards inherent in the
soil, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of
selected land uses on the environment.
This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters,
and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the
management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use
the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special
practices needed to insure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers,
students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal,
and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and
enhance the environment.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some
soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock.
Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads.
Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A
high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground
installations.
These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in
this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The
location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey
area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in
using this publication and additional information are available at the local office
of the Soil Conservation Service or the North Carolina Agricultural Extension
Service.
Coy A. Garrett
State Conservationist
Soil Conservation Service
vii

ELIZABETH CITY
❑• GREENSBORO� „T�
I
RALEIGH I*
WILSON
-r '
ASHEVILL �j
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CH A RLOTTE X,
APPROXIMATE SCALES
1
0 50 100 _
MILES fJ WILMINGTON
0 100 200
KILOMETERS
c State Agricultural Experiment Station
Location of Wilson County in North Carolina.

soil survey of
Wilson County, North Carolina
By Larry T. Sink, Soil Conservation Service
Fieldwork by Larry T. Sink, Soil Conservation Service,
and Donald C. Eligman,
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service
in cooperation with
North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development,
North Carolina Agricultural Research Service,
North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, and the
Wilson County Board of Commissioners
WILSON COUNTY is in the east-central part of North history and development
Carolina. In 1970, according to the U.S. Census, the
population of the county was 57,486, of which 29,347 The North Carolina General Assembly established
lived in the city of Wilson, the county seat. The county Wilson County in 1855 from parts of Edgecombe, Nash,
takes in an area of 238,720 acres, or 373 square miles. Wayne, and Johnston Counties. The county was named
Agriculture contributes substantially to the economy of in honor of Gen. Louis D. Wilson, a state senator from
the county. Tobacco is the chief cash crop in the county. Edgecombe County. Wilson, the county seat, was
The largest market in the world for bright leaf tobacco is incorporated in 1849 from two settlements: Hickory
in the City of Wilson. Other important crops are corn, Grove and Toisnot Depot (7).
soybeans, small grains, sweet potatoes, and truck crops. The earliest known settlements in the area date back
The livestock and poultry business is also important. to 1741. By 1760 there were several clearings along
There are many other industries in the county. Contentnea Creek and Town Creek and in the vicinity of
Approximately 110,000 acres in Wilson County is Toisnot Swamp. The early settlers came from Virginia
woodland, 95,000 acres is cropland, 3,000 acres is and northeastern North Carolina. They were farmers who
pasture, and 30,000 acres is urban and built-up land grew corn and small grains and tradesmen who traveled
that includes major water areas and transportation on Contentnea Creek selling and trading tar and
routes (8) turpentine processed from pine trees.
Wilson County began to flourish after the Civil War
mainly because of tobacco and cotton. By 1880, tobacco
general nature of the county had become the important money crop, surpassing
cotton and other crops. Since the development of the
This section gives general facts about Wilson County. first tobacco warehouse in 1890, Wilson has become the
It discusses history and development; climate; world's largest tobacco market. In addition to tobacco,
physiography, relief, and drainage; water resources; and important crops include corn, soybeans, and small
transportation and industry. grains.
1

2 Soil survey
Other industries developed in the county as agriculture The average relative humidity in midafternoon is about
became more diversified. By 1840, tobacco and other 55 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the average
agricultural products were transported by the railroads, at dawn is about 85 percent. The sun shines 60 percent
which helped to establish towns such as Elm City, in of the time possible in summer and 55 percent in winter.
1873, and Black Creek, in 1870. The prevailing wind is from the southwest. Average
The population of the county has increased steadily. In windspeed is highest, 9 miles per hour, in spring.
the last 30 years, the rural nonfarm population has In winter every few years a heavy snow covers the
increased much faster than that in other areas of the ground for a few days to a week. Every few years late in
county. In 1920, the population of Wilson County was summer or in autumn, a tropical storm moving inland
10,620 (7), and by 1970 the population had grown to from the Atlantic Ocean causes extremely heavy rain for
57,486. 1 to 3 days.
climate physiography, relief, and drainage
Prepared by the National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina. Wilson County Is dominantly in the Coastal Plain
physiographic province, but the extreme northwestern
Wilson County is hot and generally humid in summer part of the county is in the Piedmont province. The soils
because of moist maritime air. Winters are moderately in the Coastal Plain are underlain by unconsolidated
cold but short because the mountains to the west sandy to clayey sediments. The soils in the Piedmont
protect the area against many cold waves. Precipitation region are underlain by bedrock consisting of slate and
is quite evenly distributed throughout the year and is acid crystalline rock. About 6 percent of the county is
adequate for all crops. gently sloping to strongly sloping. The sloping terrain is
Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation in the Piedmont province and in the upper part of the
for the survey area as recorded at Wilson, North Coastal Plain province. The rest of the county is gently
Carolina, in the period 1951 to 1976. Table 2 shows sloping, nearly level, and flat Coastal Plain uplands,
probable dates of the first freeze in fall and the last narrow to wide flood plains, and nearly level stream
freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on length of the terraces. Most interstream divides are broad and flat.
growing season. Other areas that are more sloping are dissected by
In winter the average temperature is 43 degrees F, drainageways.
and the average daily minimum temperature is 32 The county slopes southeast. According to U.S.
degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which Geological Survey topographic maps, the highest
occurred at Wilson on January 13, 1962, is 2 degrees. In elevation, about 305 feet, is near the Nash County line
summer the average temperature is 78 degrees, and the between Sims and Conner. In the southeastern part of
average daily maximum temperature is 88 degrees. The the county where Contentnea Creek leaves the county,
highest recorded temperature, which occurred on July the elevation is about 60 feet.
22, 1957, is 107 degrees. Contentnea Creek and Toisnot Swamp drain
Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are approximately 84 percent of the county, or 200,000
equivalent to "heat units." During the month, growing acres. In the northeastern part of the county, the Tar
degree days accumulate by the amount that the average River drains about 27,000 acres. In the southeastern part
temperature each day exceeds a base temperature (50 of the county, Little Contentnea Creek drains about
degrees F). The normal monthly accumulation is used to 7,000 acres, and in the southwestern part, the Little
schedule single or successive plantings of a crop River drains about 4,000 acres.
between the last freeze in spring and the first freeze in Approximately 35 percent of the soils in the county are
fall. poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained, 1 percent
The total annual precipitation is 47.25 inches. Of this, are very poorly drained, 0.5 percent are somewhatexcessively drained, and 59 percent are well drained and
27 inches, or 55 percent, usually falls in April through moderately well drained. The remaining 4.5 percent
September, which includes the growing season for most consists of pits, urban land, and water. The movement of
crops. In 2 years out of 10, the rainfall in April through surface water is slow in broad, nearly level areas and
September is less than 22 inches. The heaviest 1-day medium to rapid on sloping ridges and side slopes next
rainfall during the period of record was 7.42 inches at to drainageways.
Wilson on July 29, 1970. Thunderstorms occur on about
45 days each year, and most occur in summer. Water resources
Average seasonal snowfall is 5 inches. The greatest
snow depth at any one time during the period of record Water for households and farms in the county is
was 15 inches. On an average of 2 days, at least 1 inch available from a plentiful supply of ground water. The
of snow is on the ground. The number of such days availability of and depth to ground water are related to
varies greatly from year to year. the geology of the county. The depth to ground water is

Wilson County, North Carolina 3
more variable in the western part of the county than in drainage; the kinds of native plants or crops; and the
the eastern part because the underlying rock is close to kinds of rock. They dug many holes to study soil profiles.
the surface in the western part of the county where the A profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in
fall line of the Piedmont plateau occurs. Ground water is a soil. It extends from the surface down into the parent
generally at a more uniform depth in the eastern part of material, which has been changed very little by leaching
the county where Coastal Plain marine sediment overlies or by plant roots.
rock shelves. The soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the
Wells with storage tanks supply water for small towns. profiles they studied and compared those profiles with
More than 700 impounded ponds, dug ponds, and others in nearby counties and in more distant places.
streams provide water for livestock, irrigation, and They classified and named the soils according to
recreation. nationwide uniform procedures. They drew the
The city of Wilson obtains its water supply from four boundaries of the soils on aerial photographs. These
reservoirs that have a combined storage capacity of 1.25 photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and
billion gallons. Lake Wilson and Toisnot Reservoir are in other details that help in drawing boundaries accurately.
an area generally known as Toisnot Swamp. Wiggins Mill The soil maps at the back of this publication were
Reservoir and Buckhorn Reservoir are on Contentnea prepared from aerial photographs.
Creek. Buckhorn Reservoir was completed in 1977. It is The areas shown on a soil map are called map units.
the largest of the four reservoirs. Its storage capacity of Most map units are made up of one kind of soil. Some
one billion gallons is a backup supply for Wiggins Mill are made up of two or more kinds. The map units in this
Reservoir. survey area are described under "General soil map
units" and "Detailed soil map units."
transportation and industry While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some
Three U.S. highways, four state highways, Interstate soils are taken for laboratory measurements and for
Highway 95, and numerous state-maintained roads engineering tests. All soils are field tested to determine
provide access to the county. Two major railroads, the their characteristics. Interpretations of those
Seaboard Coast Line and the Norfolk Southern serve the characteristics may be modified during the survey. Data
county, and Amtrak provides passenger rail service. The are assembled from other sources, such as test results,
county is also served by the Wilson Aviation Municipal records, field experience, and state and local specialists.
Airport. For example, data on crop yields under defined
Products manufactured in the county include textiles, management are assembled from farm records and from
fertilizers, petroleum, transportation equipment, wood field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.
products, metal and rubber products, food products, But only part of a soil survey is done when the soils
agricultural implements, electrical equipment, concrete have been named, described, interpreted, and delineated
pipes and blocks, and dairy products. The industrial on aerial photographs and when the laboratory data and
plants are mainly in the Wilson area and north of Wilson other data have been assembled. The mass of detailed
along U.S. Highway 301. information then needs to be organized so that it can be
used by farmers, woodland managers, engineers,
rs, developers and builders, home buyers, and
how this survey was made others.
Soil scientists made this survey to learn what soils are This soil survey supersedes the soil survey of Wilson
in the survey area, where they are, and how they can be County published in 1925 (9). This survey provides
used. They observed the steepness, length, and shape additional information and contains larger maps that
of slopes; the size of streams and the general pattern of show the soils in greater detail.

5
general soil map units
The general soil map at the back of this publication soil descriptions
shows broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of
soils, relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general 1. Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram
soil map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, a map Nearly level to strongly sloping, well drained to
unit consists of one or more major soils and some minor moderately well drained soils that have a loamy or
soils. It is named for the major soils. The soils making up clayey subsoil,- on the Coastal Plain uplands
one unit can occur in other units but in a different
pattern. The major soils in this map unit are on broad ridges
The general soil map can be used to compare the and side slopes (figs. 1 and 2). They are dissected by
suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas of many drainageways along narrow to wide flood plains.
suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise, This map unit makes up 47 percent of the county. It is
areas where the soils are not suitable can be identified. 46 percent Norfolk soils, 10 percent Gritney soils, 10
Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable for percent Wagram soils, and 34 percent soils of minor
planning the management of a farm or field or for extent.
selecting a site for a road or building or other structure. Norfolk soils are nearly level to gently sloping and are
The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place well drained. The surface layer is brown loamy sand. The
in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics that subsoil is yellowish brown sandy loam in the upper part;
affect management. yellowish brown sandy clay loam in the middle part; and
Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram Unit Tomotley-Altavista-State Unit Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram Unit
Wehadkee and y — — Wagram/
Contentnea Creek Chewaela loams j
f I
rfolk f/ ;�� Torn_otley— Gritney
No - _ -Gty �.
Altavista � _
� Gritney \ 1 I Norfolk
f Tomotley ell-
State
Wagram I State I I I d,
F­ I J I State—] G°
Recent alluvial sediments
Older alluvial sediments
Coastal Plain sediments
Figure 1.—The relationship of soils and landscape in the Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram map unit and in the Tomotley-Altavista-State map
unit.

6 Soil survey
mottled yellowish brown, strong brown, yellowish red, area. There is some acreage of Gritney and Marlboro
red, and light gray sandy clay loam in the lower part. soils in the area and a sizable acreage of some sloping
Gritney soils are gently sloping to strongly sloping and clayey soils. The soils in this area are highly susceptible
are well drained or moderately well drained. The surface to erosion.
layer is yellowish brown sandy loam. The subsoil is The major soils in this map unit are used mainly as
strong brown sandy clay loam in the upper part; mottled cropland and woodland. In some areas they are in
yellowish brown, light gray, gray, brownish yellow, and pasture or in urban uses. Slope, susceptibility to erosion,
red clay in the middle part; and mottled light gray, red, permeability, susceptibility to leaching, and the high
brownish yellow, and strong brown sandy clay loam in shrink-swell potential of the Gritney soils are the main
the lower part. limitations to use and management of the soils.
Wagram soils are nearly level to gently sloping and are The major soils, except for the Gritney soils, are well
well drained. The surface layer is brown loamy sand, and suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grains, and
the subsurface layer is light yellowish brown loamy sand. pasture. The Gritney soils are suited to poorly suited to
The subsoil is brownish yellow sandy loam or sandy clay the same crops. The Norfolk and Wagram soils are well
loam. suited to urban uses, but the Gritney soils are poorly
The soils of minor extent are the Marlboro, Aycock, suited because of their high shrink-swell potential. The
Goldsboro, Toisnot, Bibb, Tatum, Nason, Rains, and Norfolk soils are well suited to recreation uses, and the
Coxville soils. The Bibb soils are in drainageways that Gritney and Wagram soils are suited.
dissect the map unit. The Toisnot soils are on broad,
low-lying flats. The Tatum and Nason soils are on side
slopes and ridgetops in the western part of the county. 2. Rains-Goldsboro
The Marlboro, Aycock, Goldsboro, Rains, and Coxville
soils are intermingled throughout. In an area east of U.S. Nearly level, poorly drained and moderately well drained
Highway 301 and north of N.C. Highway 42 in the soils that have a loamy subsoil;on the Coastal Plain
northeastern part of the county, the landscape is very uplands
dissected and sloping. In some places, slopes are more The major soils in this map unit are in broad, smooth
than 7 percent. The Norfolk soils are dominant in this interfluvial areas and in shallow depressions (fig. 2).
Rains-Goldsboro Unit Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram Unit Bibb-Wilbanks-Wehadkee Unit Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram Unit
I I it
Goldsboro Wagram
-t=- Tomotley Marlboro T
l oww swamp Altavista
- Gritney /
Gritney
Rains
l
_ Norfolk Wehadkee - _ _ _ / Norfolk
-__�Wilbanks/
Tomotley / t.
,-Wagram ^z<
+fGoldshoro- -/-
Recent ulluviu! sediincnls Altavista Recent uNuviul �p
sediments
Coastal Pluin sediments
Older ulltwiul sedhneniti
Figure 2—The relationship of soils and landscape in the Rains-Goldsboro map unit, the Norfolk-Gritney-Wagram map unit, and the
Bibb-Wilbanks-Wehadkee map unit.

Wilson County, North Carolina 7
This map unit makes up 29 percent of the county. It is brown, yellowish brown, strong brown, light gray, and
42 percent Rains soils and 23 percent Goldsboro soils. yellowish red sandy clay loam and sandy loam in the
Soils of minor extent make up 35 percent. lower part.
Rains soils are nearly level and poorly drained. The State soils are nearly level and gently sloping. They
surface layer is very dark gray sandy loam, and the are well drained. The surface layer is brown loamy sand,
subsurface layer is light brownish gray sandy loam. The and the subsurface layer is yellow loamy sand. The
subsoil is gray sandy clay loam. subsoil is yellowish brown sandy clay loam in the upper
Goldsboro soils are nearly level and moderately well part and brownish yellow sandy loam in the lower part.
drained. The surface layer is dark grayish brown sandy The soils of minor extent are Chewacla, Wehadkee,
loam, and the subsurface layer is light yellowish brown and Bibb soils on flood plains, Roanoke soils on stream
sandy loam. The subsoil is brownish yellow, light terraces, and Tarboro soils at slightly higher elevations
yellowish brown, or gray sandy clay loam. on the landscape than the major soils.
Included in mapping are intermingled areas of A little more than half of the acreage of the major soils
Grantham, Norfolk, Coxville, Exum, Aycock, Stallings, is cropland. Areas that are not in crops are used as
and Duplin soils. Also included are areas of Toisnot soils woodland and,to a lesser extent, as pasture.Altavista and
in the western part of the county. State soils are well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans,
The major soils are used mainly as woodland and small grains, sweet potatoes, and pasture. If drained,
cropland. In some areas they are in pasture or in urban Tomotley soils are suited to these crops.
uses. Wetness is the main limitation to use and Tomotley soils are poorly suited to urban and
management of the major soils. recreation uses, and Altavista and State soils are suited
Rains soils, if drained, are well suited to corn, to poorly suited. Wetness and flooding are the main
soybeans, small grains, pasture, and possibly tobacco. limitations.
Goldsboro soils in some areas need drainage for better
production of certain cultivated crops, for example, 4. Bibb-Wilbanks-Wehadkee
tobacco. Rains and Goldsboro soils are improved by Nearly level, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils
drainage. Grantham soils in this map unit require that have a loamy or clayey subsoil- on flood plains
intensive drainage.
The major soils are suited or poorly suited to urban The major soils in this map unit are in narrow to
uses because of wetness. If a drainage system can be moderately broad areas along major streams (fig. 2). The
installed and maintained, the suitability for urban and largest area is in Toisnot Swamp, where Wilbanks soils
recreation uses is improved. are dominant. Wehadkee soils are on flood plains in the
western part of the county, and Bibb soils are dominant
3. Tomotley-Altavista-State on the flood plains in the eastern part.
Nearly level and gently sloping, poorly drained, This map unit makes up 8 percent of the county. It is
moderately well drained, and well drained soils that have 50 percent Bibb soils, 13 percent Wilbanks soils, and 7
a loamy subsoil- on stream terraces percent Wehadkee soils. Soils of minor extent make up
The major soils in this map unit are on narrow to fairly 30 percent.
broad, long, low ridges and flats and in depressions (fig. Bibb soils are nearly level and poorly drained. The
1). These soils are mainly along Contentnea Creek and surface layer is dark grayish brown loam. The underlying
Black Creek and in Toisnot Swamp. material is dark gray fine sandy loam, gray sandy loam,
This map unit makes up 10 percent of the county. It is and grayish brown loamy sand.
31 percent Tomotley soils, 25 percent Altavista soils, Wilbanks soils are nearly level and very poorly drained.
and 24 percent State soils. Soils of minor extent make The surface layer is grayish brown silt loam in the upper
up 20 percent. part and black clay and very dark gray silty clay in the
Tomotley soils are nearly level and poorly drained. The lower part. The underlying material is grayish brown
surface layer is dark gray fine sandy loam. The loam, dark grayish brown sandy clay loam, grayish brown
subsurface layer is gray fine sandy loam. The subsoil is sandy loam, grayish brown loamy sand, and greenish
gray clay loam. gray silty clay loam.
Altavista soils are nearly level and moderately well Wehadkee soils are nearly level and poorly drained.
drained. The surface layer is dark grayish brown fine The surface layer is dark grayish brown loam. The
sandy loam. The subsurface layer is light yellowish subsoil is gray loam in the upper part and gray clay loam
brown fine sandy loam. The subsoil is light olive brown in the lower part.
sandy loam in the upper part; and mottled light yellowish The minor soils in this map unit are Tomotley,

8
Altavista, State, Roanoke, and Tarboro soils on stream sandy clay in the middle part, and strong brown clay
terraces next to flood plains and Chewacla soils on flood loam in the lower part.
plains next to streams. Varina soils are nearly level and gently sloping. They
The major soils in this map unit are used mainly as are well drained. The surface layer is brown loamy sand.
woodland. A few small areas are pasture and cropland. The subsurface layer is light yellowish brown loamy
Flooding and wetness are the main limitations. If drained sand. The subsoil is yellowish brown sandy clay and clay
and protected from flooding, the soils are suitable for in the upper part, strong brown sandy clay in the middle
corn and soybeans. The soils are poorly suited to urban part, and mottled red, light gray, brownish yellow, and
and recreation uses because of flooding and wetness. strong brown sandy clay loam in the lower part.
The soils of minor extent are the Fuquay, Nason,
Nankin, Norfolk, Marlboro, Aycock, Wagram, Bibb, and
5. Tatum-Wedowee-Varina Wehadkee soils. Bibb and Wehadkee soils are on flood
plains. Norfolk, Marlboro, and Aycock soils, which are on
Nearly level to sloping, well drained soils that have a
the Coastal Plain, consist mainly of capping material less
than 3 feet thick over residuum. Nankin soils are on
clayey or loamy subsoil; on the Piedmont uplands and gently sloping t to over
r ridges; the have ironstones,
the Coastal Plain uplands g y p g sloping y
pebbles, and boulders on the surface and in the solum.
The major soils in this map unit are on fairly broad Buckhorn Reservoir is included in the areas of this map
ridges and side slopes (fig. 3). They are dissected by unit. It covers 835 surface acres.
many drainageways that have narrow to wide flood Most of the acreage of the major soils has been
plains. cleared and is used for crops and pasture. The nearly
This map unit makes up 6 percent of the county. It is level to gently sloping soils on ridges are used as
20 percent Tatum soils, 20 percent Wedowee soils, and cropland, and the sloping soils are in mixed hardwoods
14 percent Varina soils. Soils of minor extent make up and pasture. The crops are corn, sweet potatoes,
46 percent. tobacco, soybeans, and small grains. Two large borrow
Tatum soils are gently sloping and well drained. The areas—a gravel pit and a granite quarry—are part of the
surface layer is dark yellowish brown loam. The subsoil map unit.
is red silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam. Slope, permeability, susceptibility to erosion, and
Wedowee soils are gently sloping and sloping. They shallowness to bedrock are the main limitations to use
are well drained. The surface layer is very dark grayish and management of the major soils. The soils are suited
brown coarse sandy loam. The subsoil is yellowish to most urban uses. They are well suited to most
brown sandy clay loam in the upper part, strong brown recreation uses.
Wehadkee and Chewacla loams Fuquay
Nason x / / ��� Varina j
Tatum Wedowee li will(
� '` \ � 0 y
r� �z
Nason \ Wedowee
Receril alluviul sediments c�!
Acid cryslulline rock r
Fe/sh volCuniC slides
Figure 3.—The relationship of soils and landscape in the Tatum-Wedowee-Varina map unit.

9
detailed soil map units
The map units on the detailed soil maps at the back of is an undifferentiated group in this survey area.
this survey represent the soils in the survey area. The Most map units include small scattered areas of soils
map unit descriptions in this section, along with the soil other than those for which the map unit is named. Some
maps, can be used to determine the suitability and of these included soils have properties that differ
potential of a soil for specific uses. They also can be substantially from those of the major soil or soils. Such
used to plan the management needed for those uses. differences could significantly affect use and
More information on each map unit, or soil, is given management of the soils in the map unit. The included
under "Use and management of the soils." soils are identified in each map unit description. Some
Each map unit on the detailed soil maps represents an small areas of strongly contrasting soils are identified by
area on the landscape and consists of one or more soils a special symbol on the soil maps.
for which the unit is named. This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas
A symbol identifying the soil precedes the map unit have little or no soil material and support little or no
name in the soil descriptions. Each description includes vegetation. Pits, quarries, is an example. Miscellaneous
general facts about the soil and gives the principal areas are shown on the soil maps. Some that are too
hazards and limitations to be considered in planning for small to be shown are identified by a special symbol on
specific uses. the soil maps.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of
a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the each map unit. Other tables (see "Summary of tables")
surface layer or of the underlying material, all the soils of give properties of the soils and the limitations,
a series have major horizons that are similar in capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossary
composition, thickness, and arrangement. defines many of the terms used in describing the soils.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface
layer or of the underlying material. They also can differ in soil descriptions
slope, stoniness, wetness, degree of erosion, and other AaA—Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such slopes. This is a moderately well drained soil on
differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most terraces of Contentnea Creek and major streams such
of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases as Black Creek and Town Creek and in Toisnot Swamp.
of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly The elevation ranges from 60 to 120 feet. Most areas
indicates a feature that affects use or management. For are elongated or irregularly shaped and range from 10 to
example, Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes, is 50 acres in size.
one of several phases in the Norfolk series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown fine
soils. These map units are called soil complexes or sandy loam 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light
undifferentiated groups. yellowish brown fine sandy loam 5 inches thick. The
A soil complex consists of two or more soils in such subsoil is 39 inches thick. The upper part is light olive
an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they brown sandy loam; the middle part is light yellowish
cannot be shown separately on the soil maps. The brown sandy clay loam that has yellowish brown, strong
pattern and proportion of the soils are somewhat similar brown, light gray, and yellowish red mottles; and the
in all areas. Norfolk-Urban land complex, 0 to 6 percent lower part is mottled light yellowish brown, yellowish
slopes, is an example_ brown, light gray, strong brown, and yellowish red sandy
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more clay loam and sandy loam. The underlying material to a
soils that could be mapped individually but are mapped depth of 62 inches is light gray loamy sand that has pale
as one unit because similar interpretations can be made yellow mottles.
for use and management. The pattern and proportion of Permeability is moderate and the available water
the soils in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can capacity is medium. The seasonal high water table is at
be made up of only one of the major soils, or it can be a depth of 1 112 to 2 112 feet. This soil is subject to rare
made up of all of them. Wehadkee and Chewacla loams flooding (fig. 4).

10 Soil survey
-i 1 r •J� Lei=.•a -
��- l � '_� � _ � ram. � - + •
•_ate � ,+ •�� _ + � � • .�A,� ''�,•
law AF
� sti• r
41 i • vowJL
♦ �•
i�i•rl. ,:�r ��
.. .c ..�
Frgure 4.—An area of Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, along Contentnea Creek. Some areas of this soil are used
as cropland, although flooding is a hazard.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few areas of higher areas, where it is not subject to flooding, this soil
Tomotley and State soils. Tomotley soils are in is suited to most urban uses. It is suited to recreation
depressions. State soils are in slightly higher areas on uses, but wetness may be a problem.
the landscape than the Altavista soil. Also included are This soil is in capability subclass Ilw and in woodland
areas of soils that have a loamy sand subsoil and are group 2w.
moderately well drained and areas of soils that have less
than 14 percent weatherable minerals. The included soils AyA--•Aycock very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent
make up about 25 percent of the map unit. slopes.This is a well drained soil on broad smooth
About half of the acreage of the Altavista soil is uplands throughout the county. The elevation commonly
cropland, and the rest is woodland and pasture. This soil ranges from 100 to 215 feet. Most areas are irregular in
is well suited to corn, soybeans, small grains, and shape and range from 15 to 80 acres in size.
pasture. it is suited to tobacco, but wetness is a problem Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown very fine
and flooding is a hazard. This soil may require drainage sandy loam 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is
for better crop production, brownish yellow very fine sandy loam 4 inches thick. The
The trees on this soil are mainly Ioblolly pine, subsoil is 66 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish
sweetgum, white oak, water oak, and southern red oak. brown loam, the middle part is yellowish brown clay loam
The understory includes holly, sourwood, and hickory. that has strong brown and yellowish red mottles, and the
Prolonged wetness restricts the use of equipment and lower part is reddish yellow clay loam that has light gray,
damages seedlings. brownish yellow, and red mottles, The underlying
This soil is poorly suited to most urban uses because material to a depth of 99 inches is light gray sandy clay
of wetness and possible flooding. However, in some loam that has reddish yellow and yellowish red mottles.

Wilson County, North Carolina 11
Permeability is moderate, and the available water Bb—Bibb loam. This is a nearly level, poorly drained
capacity is high. The seasonal high water table is below soil on flood plains along Black Creek and other major
a depth of 4 feet. streams and in Bloomery Swamp. It is also along smaller
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of tributaries, in the upper and lower ends of Toisnot
Exum and Norfolk soils. Exum soils are in slight Swamp, and on the flood plain of Contentnea Creek
depressions. Norfolk soils are intermingled with the near Greene County. Most of these areas are elongated;
Aycock soil. The included soils make up about 20 some areas in Toisnot Swamp are irregular in shape.
percent of this map unit_ Most areas range from 50 to several hundred acres in
Most of the acreage of the Aycock soil is cropland; size; however, there are areas smaller than 30 acres
some small areas are pasture and woodland. This soil is along smaller tributaries.
well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grains, and Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown loam
pasture. 7 inches thick. The upper part of the underlying material
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak, is dark gray fine sandy loam that has grayish brown and
white oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly strong brown mottles, the middle part is gray sandy loam
dogwood, sourwood, holly, and sassafras. that has grayish brown mottles, and the lower part is
This soil is well suited to urban and recreation uses. grayish brown loamy sand that has very dark grayish
This soil is in capability class I and in woodland group brown mottles. In some places the lower part has a high
2o. content of gravel.
The organic matter content of the surface layer is
AyB—Aycock very fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent medium, and permeability is moderate. The Bibb soil is
slopes. This is a well drained soil on slightly rounded subject to common flooding (fig. 5). The seasonal high
uplands throughout the county. The elevation commonly water table is at a depth of 6 to 18 inches.
ranges from 100 to 215 feet. Most areas are irregular in Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
shape and range from 20 to 100 acres in size. Tomotley, Toisnot, and Wilbanks soils. Tomotley soils
Typically, the surface layer is brown very fine sandy are in slightly higher areas than Bibb soil. Toisnot soils
loam 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light have a hardpan and are at the head of drainageways
brownish yellow very fine sandy loam 4 inches thick. The next to the Bibb soil. Wilbanks soils are intermingled with
subsoil is 63 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish Bibb soil. The included soils make up about 25 percent
brown clay loam; the middle part is yellowish brown clay of this map unit.
loam that has yellowish red and strong brown mottles; Most of the acreage of the Bibb soil is woodland. A
and the lower part is mottled yellowish brown, strong small acreage is in pasture and crops. This soil is suited
brown, yellowish red, and light gray. The underlying to pasture. It is poorly suited to crops because of
material to a depth of 85 inches is brownish yellow flooding.
sandy loam that has yellowish red and light yellowish The dominant trees are yellow-poplar, sweetgum,
brown mottles. blackgum, and water oak. The understory is mainly
ironwood, briers, canes, and maple. Flooding restricts
Permeability is moderate, and the available water the use of equipment and damages seedlings.
capacity is high. The seasonal high water table is below This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreation uses
a depth of 4 feet. because of flooding and wetness.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few small This soil is in capability subclass Vw and in woodland
areas of Gritney, Norfolk, and Marlboro soils. Gritney group 2w.
soils are on patchy and narrow side slopes. Norfolk and
Marlboro soils are in positions similar to those of the
Aycock soil. The included soils make up about 25 Co—Coxville sandy loam. This is a nearly level,
percent of this map unit. poorly drained soil in small rounded depressions
Most of the acreage of the Aycock soil is cropland. A throughout the county and on larger flats in the
small acreage is pasture and woodland. This soil is well northeastern part of the county. Most areas are oval, but
suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grains, and some larger areas are irregular in shape. The areas
pasture. Minimum tillage, crop rotations, crop residue generally range from 10 to 30 acres; however, the areas
management, contour farming, and grassed waterways in the northeastern part of the county are 80 acres or
help reduce erosion. more in size.
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak, Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sandy
white oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly loam about 2 inches thick. The subsoil is 63 inches thick.
dogwood, holly sourwood, and sassafras. The upper part is gray sandy clay loam, and the lower
This soil is well suited to urban and recreation uses. part is gray sandy clay that has brownish yellow and red
This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland mottles.
group 2o. Permeability is moderately slow, and the shrink-swell

12 Soil survey
_ y
1
i
t
► ►s
r
r - � � _ • .may ��i► �
yy Aw. �
t� �F' � + ►
Figure 5.—Flooding on Bibb loam after heavy rainfall.
potential is moderate. The seasonal high water table is Illw, drained. It is in woodland group 2w.
at or near the surface.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Rains and Grantham soils. Rains and Grantham soils are DpA—Duplin sandy loam, D to 2 percent slopes.
at a slightly higher elevation than Coxville soil. The This is a moderately well drained soil on upland flats,
included soils make up about 20 percent of the map unit. mainly north of Wilson and east of the Wilson airport
Most of the acreage of the Coxville soil is woodland. extending to Elm City and Sharpsburg. Other areas of
Some of the acreage is cropland, and a small acreage is this soil are scattered throughout the county. The areas
pasture. This soil is suited to crops. Artificial drainage is are irregular in shape and commonly range from 20 to
required for corn, soybeans, small grains, and pasture. 50 acres in size.
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, sweetgum, and Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown
water oak. The understory is mainly holly, reeds, and sandy loam 7 inches thick. The subsoil is 54 inches
gallberry. Wetness restricts the use of equipment and thick. The upper part is yellowish brown sandy clay, and
damages seedlings. the lower part is mottled pale brown, yellowish brown,
This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreation uses. strong brown, red and light gray sandy clay. The
Wetness, the moderately slow permeability, and the underlying material to a depth of 91 inches is brownish
moderate shrink-swell potential are the main limitations. yellow sandy loam that has light gray mottles.
This soil is in capability subclass Vlw, undrained, and Permeability is moderately slow, and the shrink-swell

Wilson County, North Carolina 13
potential is moderate. The seasonal high water table is The Exum soil is used mainly as cropland. Areas that
at a depth of 2 to 3 feet. are not in crops are woodland and pasture. This soil is
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of well suited to corn, soybeans, tobacco, pasture, and
Goldsboro, Marlboro, Coxville, Rains, and Exum soils. small grains. Artificial drainage may be needed for
Marlboro soils are in slightly higher areas than the Duplin tobacco.
soil, and Coxville and Rains soils are in depressions. The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak,
Goldsboro and Exum soils are intermingled throughout southern red oak, and red maple. The understory is
the mapped areas. The included soils make up about 25 mainly holly and sourwood. Wetness may limit the use of
percent of the map unit. equipment.
The Duplin soil is used mainly as cropland. Areas that This soil is suited to most urban uses. Wetness affects
are not in crops are woodland and pasture. This soil is the performance of a septic tank absorption field if the
well suited to corn, soybeans, small grains, and pasture. soil is not properly drained. This soil is suited to
Artificial drainage may be needed for tobacco. recreation uses.
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, sweetgum, This soil is in capability subclass Ilw and in woodland
yellow-popular, and white oak. The understory is mainly group 2w.
holly, sourwood, red maple, and dogwood. Wetness FuB—Fuquay loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes.
restricts the use of equipment and damages seedlings. This is a well drained soil on smooth to slightly convex,
This soil is poorly suited to most urban uses because broad uplands west of Sims and north of Wilkerson
of wetness, the moderately slow permeability, and the Crossroads. The elevation commonly ranges from 250 to
moderate shrink-swell potential. Wetness and 300 feet. Most areas are irregular in shape. They
permeability affect the performance of a septic tank commonly are about 100 acres in size, but the range is
absorption field if the soil is not properly drained. This 30 to 250 acres.
soil is suited to recreation uses; however, wetness may Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown loamy
be a problem. sand 9 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light
This soil is in capability subclass Ilw and in woodland yellowish brown loamy sand 14 inches thick. The subsoil
group 2w. is 76 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish brown
sandy clay loam that has red mottles and common
ExA—Exum very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent plinthite nodules. The lower part to a depth of 99 inches
slopes. This is a moderately well drained soil on smooth is mottled light gray, reddish yellow, and red sandy clay
upland flats throughout the county, especially in the loam.
eastern part. The elevation ranges from 100 to 180 feet. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the
Most areas are irregular in shape and range from 20 to subsoil and slow in the lower part. A seasonal high water
more than 100 acres in size. table is at a depth of 4 to 6 feet. A perched water table
Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown very fine is briefly above the plinthic zone during wet periods.
sandy loam 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light Included with this soil in mapping are some areas on
yellowish brown very fine sandy loam 2 inches thick. The slightly higher ridges where the surface layer is more
subsoil is 73 inches thick. The upper part is brownish than 40 inches thick. Also included are some small areas
yellow loam and clay loam that has strong brown, light of Varina soils on side slopes. The included soils make
yellowish brown, and gray mottles; the middle part is up about 20 percent of the map unit.
mottled strong brown, brownish yellow, gray, light The Fuquay soil is used mainly as cropland. Areas that
yellowish brown, and red clay loam; and the lower part is are not in crops are forest and pasture. This soil is well
gray clay loam that has strong brown, brownish yellow, suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, sweet potatoes, small
light reddish brown, and yellowish red mottles. The grains, and pasture. Because of the thick sandy surface
underlying material to a depth of 99 inches is gray clay layer, this soil is subject to wind erosion and tends to be
that has strong brown and brownish yellow mottles. droughty in dry periods. Crop residue management helps
Permeability is moderately slow, and the available control erosion.
water capacity is high. The seasonal high water table is The dominant trees are loblolly pine, longleaf pine,
at a depth of 2 to 3 feet. white oak, and southern red oak. The understory is
Included with this soil in mapping are a few small mainly sassafras, holly, and dogwood. Droughtiness can
areas of Aycock soils in slightly higher areas than those be a problem in establishing seedlings.
of the Exum soil, Grantham soils in depressions, and This soil is well suited to most urban and recreation
Goldsboro soils intermingled throughout with the Exum uses. The slow permeability in the lower part of the
soil. The included soils make up about 20 percent of the subsoil affects the performance of a septic tank
map unit. absorption field.

14 Soil survey
This soil is in capability subclass Its and in woodland soils. Most mapped areas are irregular in shape and
group 3s. range from 10 to 80 acres. These areas are within the
city of Wilson and other small towns in the county.
GoA—Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Typically, the surface layer of the Goldsboro soil is
slopes. This is a moderately well drained soil in broad dark grayish brown sandy loam 7 inches thick. The
inter-fluvial areas and shallow depressions on the Coastal subsurface layer is light yellowish brown sandy loam 3
Plain uplands. The areas of this soil are scattered inches thick. The subsoil is 73 inches thick. The upper
throughout most of the county, but mainly they are in the part is brownish yellow sandy clay loam. The middle part
eastern part. They generally are elliptical or irregular in is brownish yellow sandy clay loam that has gray, brown,
shape and have narrow fingers extending into areas of and red mottles. The lower part is gray sandy clay loam
well drained or poorly drained soils. The broad flats that has red, yellow, and brown mottles. The underlying
commonly exceed 100 acres in size; other areas range material to a depth of 97 inches is very similar to the
from 10 to 50 acres. lower part of the subsoil.
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown Urban land consists of areas where the original soil
sandy loam 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is light has been cut, filled, graded, or paved. Soil properties
yellowish brown sandy loam 3 inches thick. The subsoil have been so altered that classification of the soil is not
is 73 inches thick. The upper part is brownish yellow and possible. These areas are used for buildings of all types,
light yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has light streets, parking lots, and similar uses. The extent of site
yellowish brown, strong brown, gray, and red mottles. modification varies greatly. Many areas have had little
The lower part is gray sandy clay loam that has light disturbance, other areas have been cut, and other areas
yellowish brown, strong brown, and red mottles. The have been filled,
underlying material to a depth of 97 inches is light gray Included in mapping are small areas of Altavista soils
sandy clay loam that has brownish yellow and light on stream terraces and Exum and Duplin soils in
yellowish brown mottles. positions similar to those of the Goldsboro soil.
Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity Runoff in areas of this complex is higher than in areas
is medium. The seasonal high water table is at a depth of other Goldsboro soils because buildings, streets,
of 2 to 3 feet. parking lots, and other impermeable materials cover
Included with this soil in mapping are a few small most areas. Wetness is the main limitation.
areas of Norfolk, Rains, Exum, and Duplin soils. Norfolk This map unit was not assigned to a capability
soils are in slightly higher positions, and Rains soils are subclass or woodland group.
in depressions. Exum and Duplin soils are intermingled
throughout. The included soils make up about 25 percent
of the map unit. Gr—Grantham very fine sandy loam. This is a nearly
Most of the acreage of the Goldsboro soil is cropland. level, poorly drained soil. It is in broad interstream areas
Areas that are not in crops are woodland and pasture. and shallow depressions of the Coastal Plain uplands in
This soil is well suited to corn, soybeans, small grains, the middle and eastern parts of the county. The areas
and pasture. Artificial drainage may be needed for are mostly irregular in shape and range from about 30 to
tobacco. 200 acres in size, but some areas northeast of Saratoga
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak, range to as much as 1,000 acres or more. The large
southern red oak, and red maple. The understory is areas of this soil mostly are south of N.C. Highway 42
mainly dogwood, holly, and sourwood. and east of Wilson extending to Greene County.
This soil is suited to most urban uses. Wetness affects Typically, the surface layer is dark gray very fine sandy
the performance of septic tank absorption fields if the loam 9 inches thick. The subsoil is 54 inches thick. The
soil is not properly drained. The soil is suited to upper part is light brownish gray loam that has brownish
recreation uses. yellow and strong brown mottles. The middle part is gray
This soil is in capability subclass IIw and in woodland clay loam that has red, strong brown, and brownish
group 2w. yellow mottles. The lower part is gray clay loam that has
reddish yellow, strong brown, and brownish yellow
GpA—Goldsboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 2 mottles. The underlying material to a depth of 99 inches
percent slopes. This complex consists of Goldsboro soil is gray clay loam and clay that has red, yellowish brown,
and Urban land in areas that are too small and too brownish yellow, and strong brown mottles.
intricately mixed to be mapped separately. About 50 Permeability is moderately slow, and the seasonal high
percent of the acreage of the complex is Goldsboro soil, water table is at or near the surface.
35 percent is Urban land, and 15 percent is included Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of

Wilson County, North Carolina 15
Rains, Exum, and Coxville soils. Exum and Rains soils This soil is suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small
are in slightly higher areas than the Grantham soil. grains, and pasture. Minimum tillage and crop residue
Coxville soils are in oval depressions. Also included, in management help to control runoff and erosion. It is
the eastern part of the county, are small areas where the difficult to farm and harvest the crops during wet periods
subsoil is very fine sandy loam. The included soils make because this soil is eroded in many areas.
up about 25 percent of this map unit. The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak, and
About half of the acreage of the Grantham soil is red oak. The understory is mainly dogwood, sourwood,
cultivated. Areas that are not in crops are woodland and and holly. Threeawn is a common native grass.
pasture. If this soil is properly drained, it is suited to corn, This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of the
soybeans, small grains, and pasture. slow permeability and the high shrink-swell potential. The
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, water oak, shrinking and swelling of this soil has damaged houses
sweetgum, and red maple. If it is drained this soil is and streets in the city of Wilson during extremely dry
suited to hardwoods such as southern red oak, white weather. The damage was mainly cracked foundations
oak, and northern red oak. The understory is mainly and walls. This soil is suited to recreation uses.
greenbrier, holly, sweetbay, sourwood, sassafras, and This soil is in capability subclass Ille and in woodland
giant cane. Wetness restricts the use of equipment and group 3o.
damages seedlings. GtC2-•-Gritney sandy loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes,
This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of eroded. This is a well drained or moderately well
wetness and the moderately slow permeability. This soil drained soil on the Coastal Plain uplands. This soil is on
is poorly suited to recreation uses because of wetness. side slopes that break to stream terraces and
This soil is in capability subclass Illw, drained, and drainageways. The mapped areas are long and narrow
Vlw, undrained. It is in woodland group 2w. and range from 15 to 60 acres in size.
GtB2—Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sandy
eroded. This is a well drained or moderately well loam 4 inches thick. The subsurface layer is pale brown
drained soil on side slopes and ridges of the Coastal sandy loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 51 inches
Plain uplands. The areas are scattered throughout the thick. The upper part is reddish yellow clay loam, and the
county. The areas are elongated to irregular in shape middle part is mottled yellowish red, light gray, and red
and range from 10 to 50 acres in size. clay. The lower part is mottled brownish yellow, light
Typically, the surface layer is yellowish brown sandy
gray, and red clay to clay loam. The underlying material
is mottled pale olive, yellowish brown, light gray, and
loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 45 inches thick. The strong brown clay loam.
upper part is strong brown sandy clay loam. The middle Permeability is slow, and the available water capacity
part is mottled yellowish brown, gray, light gray, strong is medium. The shrink-swell potential is high. The
brown, brownish yellow, and red clay. The lower part is seasonal high water table is below a depth of 4 feet, but
mottled light gray, red, brownish yellow, and strong it is perched in the subsoil during wet months. Erosion is
brown sandy clay loam. The underlying material to a a severe hazard. Runoff is rapid.
depth of 91 inches is yellowish red sandy loam that has
brownish yellow and light gray mottles in the upper part, Included with this soil in mapping are intermingled
gray silty clay loam that has strong brown and red areas of soils that have a subsoil of coarse loamy sand
mottles in the middle part, and mottled reddish yellow, or sandy clay loam. The included soils make up about 25
light gray, and brownish yellow fine sandy loam in the percent of the map unit.
lower part. Most of the acreage of the Gritney soil is mixed
Permeability is slow. The available water capacity is hardwood forest. A small acreage is cropland or pasture.
medium. The shrink-swell potential is high. The seasonal This soil is suited or poorly suited to tobacco, corn,
high water table is below a depth of 4 feet, but during soybeans, small grains, and pasture. Minimum tillage,
wet months it is perched in the subsoil. Erosion is a contour farming, striperopping, crop residue
severe hazard. Runoff is moderate. management, and field borders help control runoff and
Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of reduce erosion. Slope, rapid runoff, and slow
Marlboro, Norfolk, and Aycock soils in slightly higher permeability make this soil difficult to use and manage.
positions and on less eroded side slopes. Also included The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak, and
are some soils that have a sandy clay loam subsoil. The southern red oak. The understory is mainly dogwood,
included soils make up about 25 percent of this map sourwood, holly, and hickory. Threeawn is a common
unit. native grass.
Most of the acreage of the Gritney soil is cropland and This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of the
woodland. A small acreage is urban land and pasture. slow permeability, slope, the rapid runoff, and the high

16 Soil survey
shrink-swell potential. It is poorly suited to recreation yellowish brown mottles. The middle part is yellowish
uses because of slope and the slow permeability. brown clay loam that has red and brownish yellow
This soil is in capability subclass IVe and in woodland mottles. The lower part is brownish yellow, red, strong
group 3o. brown, and yellowish red sandy clay loam.
Permeability is moderate, and the available water
Gu—Gritney-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent capacity is medium.
slopes. This complex consists of Gritney soil and Urban Included with this soil in mapping are a few small
land in areas that are too small and intricately mixed to areas of Duplin soils in slight depressions and Norfolk
be mapped separately. About 55 percent of the acreage and Aycock soils in slightly lower smooth areas. Also
of the complex is Gritney soil, 35 percent is Urban land, included in the western part of the county, west and
and 10 percent is included soils. The areas are in the north of Buckhorn Crossroads, are areas of soils that
city of Wilson and around industrial sites. The mapped have 20 inches or less of Coastal Plain capping material
areas are mostly elongated and range from 10 to 50 over residuum and some small areas of Tatum soils. The
acres in size. included soils make up about 25 percent of the map unit.
Typically, the surface layer of the Gritney soil is Most of the acreage of the Marlboro soil is cropland.
yellowish brown sandy loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil Areas not in crops are woodland and pasture. This soil is
is 58 inches thick. The upper part is strong brown sandy well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grains, and
clay loam. The middle part is mottled yellowish brown, pasture. Drainage may be needed to remove surface
gray, strong brown, brownish yellow, and red clay to clay water.
loam. The lower part is mottled light gray, red, brownish The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak,
yellow, and strong brown sandy clay loam. The white oak, black oak, and hickory. The understory is
underlying material is mottled gray, yellowish red, strong mainly dogwood, holly, sassafras, and black cherry.
brown, red, reddish yellow, and light gray sandy loam, This soil is suited to urban uses, but the moderate
clay loam, or loamy sand. permeability is a limitation. The soil is well suited to
Urban land consists of areas where the original soil recreation uses.
has been cut, filled, graded, paved, or otherwise This soil is in capability class I and in woodland group
changed. Soil properties have been so altered that 3o.
classification of the soil is not possible. These areas are
used for buildings of all kinds, streets, parking lots, and MaB—Marlboro loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes.
other similar uses. The extent of site modification varies This is a well drained soil on upland ridges and side
greatly. In many areas the soil has been little disturbed, slopes of the Coastal Plain. The elevation commonly
and in other areas it has been cut or filled. ranges from 100 to 180 feet. Areas of this soil are
Included in mapping are small intermingled areas of scattered throughout the county. In some areas west of
Duplin, Marlboro, and Norfolk soils. Wilkerson Crossroads, Coastal Plain capping material
Runoff in areas of this map unit is more rapid than in overlies residual material. The areas of this soil are
areas of other Gritney soils, and there is considerably generally irregular in shape and range from 20 to 100
more runoff because the soils are paved over or are acres in size. One area near Wilkerson Crossroads and
covered by buildings. Runoff is particularly heavy during another near Johnston County are about 180 acres in
heavy rainstorms. size.
This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of the Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 6
slow permeability, the high shrink-swell potential, slope, inches thick. The subsurface layer is light yellowish
and a moderate to severe hazard of erosion where the brown loamy sand 3 inches thick. The subsoil is 60
soil is unprotected. inches thick. The upper part is strong brown sandy clay.
This complex was not assigned to a capability The middle part is strong brown sandy clay that has
subclass or to a woodland group. reddish yellow, red, brownish yellow, and light gray
mottles. The lower part is light gray, red, brownish
MaA—Marlboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. yellow, and strong brown sandy clay loam. The
This is a well drained soil on broad to narrow upland underlying material to a depth of 99 inches is light gray
ridges of the Coastal Plain. The elevation commonly sandy clay loam that has reddish yellow, brownish
ranges from 100 to 180 feet. Areas of this soil are yellow, red, and pale brown mottles.
scattered throughout the county. In some areas in the Permeability is moderate, and the available water
western part of the county, Coastal Plain capping capacity is medium. Erosion is a severe hazard.
material overlies residual material. Areas generally are Included with this soil in mapping are Gritney soils in
irregular in shape and range from 20 to 80 acres in size. small areas on side slopes, Norfolk and Aycock soils in
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown loamy sand 6 areas that are intermingled throughout, and small areas
inches thick. The subsoil is 62 inches thick. The upper of eroded soil. Also included, in the western part of the
part is strong brown sandy clay that has red and county, west and north of Buckhorn Crossroads, are

Wilson County, North Carolina 17
soils that have 20 inches or less of Coastal Plain This soil is in capability subclass Ille and in woodland
material over residuum and small areas of Tatum soils. group 3o.
The included soils make up about 25 percent of this map
unit. NnB---Nason silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This
Most of the acreage of the Marlboro soil is cropland. is a well drained soil on upland ridges and knolls of the
Areas not in crops are woodland and pasture. This soil is Coastal Plain and the Piedmont. The elevation ranges
well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small grains, and from 200 to 250 feet. The areas of this soil are south
pasture. Contour farming, striperopping, crop rotations, and west of Wilkerson Crossroads and west of Lucama.
and crop residue management are used to control runoff Generally they are irregular in shape and range from 20
and reduce erosion. to 50 acres in size.
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak, Typically, the surface layer is yellowish brown silt loam
white oak, and black oak. The understory is mainly 8 inches thick. The subsoil is yellowish red silty clay that
dogwood, holly, sassafras, and black cherry. has strong brown mottles and common fragments of
This soil is suited to urban uses, but the moderate weathered slate. The underlying material is red, strong
permeability is a limitation. It is well suited to recreation brown, brownish yellow, and light gray silt loam.
uses. Permeability is moderate, and the available water
This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential is low to
group 3o. moderate. Hard bedrock is at a depth of 40 to 72 inches.
Included with this soil in mapping are some small
NaB2--Nankin sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, areas of Tatum soil and small areas of soils that have a
eroded. This is a well drained soil on upland ridges of thin capping of Coastal Plain material and a surface layer
the Coastal Plain in the northwestern part of the county. of sandy loam or loamy sand. The included soils make
The elevation commonly ranges from 260 to 300 feet. up about 20 percent of the map unit.
Most areas are irregular in shape or are elongated. The Most of the acreage of the Nason soil is cropland.
areas range from about 20 to 60 acres in size. Areas that are not in crops are woodland and pasture.
Typically, the surface layer is reddish brown sandy This soil is suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small
loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 50 inches thick. The grains, and pasture. Contour farming, crop residue
upper part is yellowish red clay. The middle part is management, and minimum tillage help to reduce
yellowish red sandy clay that has yellowish brown and erosion.
red mottles. The lower part is yellowish red sandy clay The dominant trees are loblolly pine, red oak, white
loam that has light olive brown and red mottles. The oak, and yellow-poplar. The understory is mainly
underlying material to a depth of 70 inches is mottled dogwood, sourwood, and sassafras.
brown, red, and yellowish brown sandy loam. This soil is suited to urban uses. The depth to bedrock
Permeability is moderately slow, and the available and the moderate permeability are the main limitations.
water capacity is medium. Ironstone pebbles and rocks This soil is well suited to recreation uses.
are on the surface, and few to common rocks and This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland
boulders are in the subsoil. Erosion is a severe hazard. group 3o.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Varina soils in valleys or depressions and Wedowee soils NnC—Nason silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes. This
on side slopes. Also included are some areas of severely is a well drained soil on side slopes of the lower
eroded Nankin soils. The included soils make up about Piedmont and the Coastal Plain uplands. The areas of
20 percent of the map unit. this soil are west and south of Sims and west of
Most of the acreage of the Nankin soil is cropland. A Lucama. Generally they are long and narrow and range
small acreage is woodland and pasture. This soil is from 20 to 100 acres in size.
suited to corn, tobacco, soybeans, and small grains. Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown silt
Minimum tillage, crop rotation, contour farming, and crop loam 3 inches thick. The subsoil is 32 inches thick. The
residue management help reduce erosion. This soil is upper part is yellowish red silty clay loam, the middle
suited to pasture forages. part is yellowish red silty clay, and the lower part is
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak, yellowish red silty clay loam. The underlying material to a
white oak, hickory, and maple. The understory is mainly depth of 60 inches is yellowish red and reddish brown
dogwood, sourwood, bluestem, sassafras, and black silt loam that has weathered slate fragments.
cherry. Permeability is moderate, and the available water
This soil is suited to urban uses. However, the capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential is moderate.
moderately slow permeability affects the performance of Erosion is a severe hazard. Bedrock is at a depth of 40
septic tank absorption fields. The soil is well suited to to 60 inches.
most recreation uses, although in some areas slope is a Included with this soil in mapping are small areas
limitation for some uses. where slopes are greater than 12 percent and areas of

18 Soil survey
soils that have bedrock at a depth of less than 20 side slopes on the Coastal Plain uplands. The elevation
inches. Also included are a few small areas of Tatum commonly ranges from 100 to 260 feet. Areas of this soil
soils at the crest of slopes. The included soils make up are scattered throughout the county. Generally the areas
about 20 percent of this map unit. are irregular in shape or are elongated; they range from
Most of the acreage of the Nason soil is mixed 15 to 130 acres in size. In some areas north of
hardwood and pine forest. Areas that are not in trees are Wilkerson Crossroads, Coastal Plain capping material
cropland and pasture. This soil is suited to corn, overlies residual soil.
soybeans, small grains, pasture, and tobacco. Contour Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 6
farming, crop residue management, field borders, or inches thick. The subsoil is 59 inches thick. In the upper
minimum tillage help control runoff and reduce erosion. part it is yellowish brown sandy loam, in the middle part
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, red oak, white it is yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has yellowish
oak, and yellow-poplar. The understory is mainly red, strong brown, and red mottles, and in the lower part
dogwood, sourwood, and sassafras. it is mottled yellowish brown, strong brown, yellowish
This soil is suited or poorly suited to urban uses red, red, and light gray sandy clay loam.
because of slope and depth to bedrock. It is suited to Permeability is moderate, and the available water
recreation uses. capacity is medium. The seasonal high water table is at
This soil is in capability subclass IIIe and in woodland a depth of 4 to 6 feet.
group 3o. Included with this soil in mapping are areas of Gritney
soils on side slopes, Wagram soils in the highest
NoA—Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes. positions on the landscape, and Aycock and Marlboro
This is a well drained soil in broad interstream areas of soils intermingled throughout. The included soils make
the Coastal Plain uplands. The elevation ranges from up about 25 percent of the map unit.
100 to 260 feet. The areas of this soil are scattered Most of the acreage of the Norfolk soil is cropland.
throughout the county. Most are irregular in shape. They Areas not in crops are used as woodland. This soil is
range from 15 to 150 acres in size. In some areas north well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, pasture, and
of Wilkerson Crossroads, Coastal Plain capping material small grains. Minimum tillage, crop rotation, contour
overlies residual soil. farming, crop residue management, and grassed
Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 6 waterways help prevent erosion.
inches thick. The subsoil is 59 inches thick. In the upper The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak,
part it is yellowish brown sandy loam, in the middle part southern red oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly
it is yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has red, strong holly, dogwood, persimmon, and sassafras.
brown, and yellowish red mottles, and in the lower part it This soil is suited or well suited to urban and
is mottled yellowish brown, light gray, red, yellowish red, recreation uses. Wetness is the main limitation.
and strong brown sandy clay loam. This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland
Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity group 2o.
is medium. The seasonal high water table is at a depth
of 4 to 6 feet. NuB—Norfolk-Urban land complex, 0 to 6 percent
Included with this soil in mapping are areas of slopes. This complex consists of Norfolk soil and Urban
Goldsboro, Aycock, Marlboro, and Wagram soils. The land in areas that are too small and intricately mixed to
Goldsboro soils are in depressions. The Aycock and be mapped separately. The Norfolk soil makes up about
Marlboro soils are intermingled throughout. The Wagram 50 percent of the complex, and Urban land makes up
soils are in the highest positions on the landscape. The about 30 percent. Included soils make up about 20
included soils make up about 20 percent of the map unit. percent. Most mapped areas are irregular in shape; the
This Norfolk soil is used mainly as cropland. A small areas range from 10 to 100 acres in size. The areas are
acreage is used as woodland. This soil is well suited to in the city of Wilson and in other small towns in the
tobacco, corn, soybeans, pasture, and small grains. It is county.
an especially good soil for tobacco. Typically, the Norfolk soil has a surface layer of brown
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak, loamy sand 6 inches thick. The subsoil is 59 inches
southern red oak, black oak, and hickory. The understory thick. In the upper part it is yellowish brown sandy loam;
is mainly holly, dogwood, persimmon, and sassafras. in the middle part it is yellowish brown sandy clay loam
This soil is suited or well suited to urban and that has red, strong brown, and yellowish red mottles;
recreation uses. Wetness is the main limitation. and in the lower part it is mottled yellowish brown, light
This soil is in capability class I and in woodland group gray, red, yellowish red, and strong brown sandy clay
2o. loam.
Urban land consists of areas where the original soil
NoB—Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes. has been cut, filled, graded, paved, or otherwise
This is a well drained soil on slightly rounded ridges and changed. Soil properties have been so altered that

Wilson County, North Carolina 19
classification of the soil is not possible. These areas are are Goldsboro soils in higher positions than the Rains
now used for buildings, streets, parking lots, and other soil. The included soils make up about 25 percent of the
similar uses. The slope generally is modified to fit the map unit.
requirements of the site. The extent of site modification The Rains soil is used mainly as woodland. Areas that
varies greatly. In many areas, the soil has been little are not in trees are in crops and pasture. If adequately
disturbed, and in other areas it has been cut or filled. drained, this soil is well suited to corn, soybeans, small
Included with this complex in mapping are intermingled grains, pasture, and tobacco.
areas of Aycock, Marlboro, and Wagram soils. The dominant trees are maple, sweetgum, loblolly
There is considerable surface runoff from areas of this pine, willow oak, and water oak. The understory is mainly
complex because the building sites and paved areas are cane, holly, sourwood, and greenbrier. Wetness from
impermeable. Runoff is particularly heavy during intense November to April restricts the use of equipment and
rainstorms. Erosion is a moderate hazard if the soils are damages seedlings.
not protected. Erosion control practices are needed to This soil is poorly suited to most urban and recreation
prevent pollution of water by sediment. uses. Wetness is the main limitation.
This complex was not assigned to a capability class or This soil is in capability subclass Illw and in woodland
subclass or to a woodland group_ group 2w.
Qu—Pits, Quarries. This map unit consists of areas Rb—Rains-Urban land complex. This complex
where the soil has been removed and rock has been consists of nearly level Rains soil and Urban land in
excavated. There are two such quarries in the county. areas that are too small and intricately mixed to be
The larger one is a granite quarry west of Sims on old mapped separately. The Rains soil makes up about 40
U.S. Highway 264. It has a total land area of 90 acres, percent of the complex, and Urban land makes up 35
and the pit is approximately 250 feet deep. The area percent. Included soils make up 25 percent. The areas
next to the pit is used as a site for spoil or fill material, are in the city of Wilson, in small towns, and at the
stockpiles of rock, small buildings, and a crushing plant. Wilson airport. They are irregular in shape and range
Some of the spoil areas support vegetation. from 30 to 150 acres in size.
The other granite quarry is about 3 miles northeast of Typically, the surface layer of the Rains soil is very
Elm City. It is no longer in production. The spoil areas dark gray sandy loam 8 inches thick. The subsurface
support some vegetation. Onsite investigation is layer is light brownish gray sandy loam 7 inches thick.
necessary in making soil interpretations. The subsoil is 54 inches thick. The upper part is gray
This map unit was not assigned to a capability sandy clay loam that has gray and strong brown mottles.
subclass or to a woodland group. The lower part is gray sandy clay loam that has brownish
yellow and light yellowish brown mottles. The underlying
Ra—Rains sandy loam. This is a nearly level, poorly material to a depth of 99 inches is light gray sandy loam
drained soil in broad interstream areas and in shallow and strong brown loamy sand. The sandy loam has gray,
depressions on the Coastal Plain uplands. The elevation strong brown, very pale brown, yellowish red, and red
ranges from 100 to 270 feet. Areas of this soil are mottles.
scattered throughout the county. Generally they are Urban land consists of areas where the original soil
irregular or oval in shape and range from 25 to 300 has been cut, filled, graded, paved, or otherwise
acres in size. changed. Soil properties have been so altered that
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray sandy classification of the soil is not possible. These areas are
loam 8 inches thick. The subsurface layer is 7 inches used for buildings of all kinds, streets, parking lots, and
thick. It is light brownish gray sandy loam that has dark other similar uses. The extent of site modification varies
gray mottles. The subsoil is 54 inches thick. The upper greatly. In many areas the soils have been little
part is gray sandy clay loam that has gray and strong disturbed, and in other areas they have been cut or
brown mottles. The lower part is gray sandy clay loam filled.
that has brownish yellow and light yellowish brown Included with this complex in mapping are small areas
mottles. The underlying material to a depth of 99 inches of Coxville, Tomotley, and Grantham soils.
is light gray sandy loam and strong brown loamy sand. There is considerable runoff from areas of this
The sandy loam has gray, strong brown, very pale complex because the areas covered by buildings,
brown, yellowish red, and red mottles. streets, and parking lots are impermeable. Wetness is
Permeability is moderate. The seasonal high water the main limitation.
table is at or near the surface in winter and early in This complex has not been assigned to a capability
spring. subclass or to a woodland group.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas, in
slight depressions, of Coxville and Grantham soils and Ro—Roanoke loam. This is a nearly level, poorly
soils that have a thick black surface layer. Also included drained soil on terraces along Contentnea Creek. Areas

20 Soil survey
generally are elongated or irregular in shape and range The seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 112 to 2
from 40 to 100 acres in size. 1/2 feet.
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown loam Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
5 inches thick. The subsurface layer is 4 inches thick. It soils that have a sandy loam surface layer. Also included
is light gray loam that has brownish yellow mottles. The are areas of Grantham soils in slight depressions and
subsoil is 51 inches thick. The upper part is gray clay Exum soils in slightly higher positions than the Stallings
that has strong brown, very pale brown, and yellowish soil. The included soils make up about 25 percent of this
red mottles. The lower part is light gray clay loam that map unit.
has brownish yellow, very pale brown, and reddish Most of the acreage of the Stalling soil is cropland and
yellow mottles. The underlying material to a depth of 90 pasture. A small acreage is woodland. This soil is suited
inches is light gray gravelly sandy clay loam that has to corn, soybeans, tobacco, small grains, and pasture.
very pale brown, brownish yellow, and strong brown Artificial drainage may be needed, especially for tobacco.
mottles. The dominant trees are loblolly pine, sweetgum, water
The content of organic matter in the surface layer is oak, maple, and blackgum. The understory is mainly
medium. The shrink-swell potential is moderate. holly, blueberry, greenbrier, sourwood, and switchcane.
Permeability is slow. The seasonal high water table is at Wetness restricts the use of equipment and damages
or near the surface. This soil is subject to rare flooding. seedlings.
Included with this soil in mapping are a few areas of This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of
Tomotley and Altavista soils in slightly higher positions wetness in winter and seepage in summer. It is suited to
than the Roanoke soil. The included soils make up about recreation uses, but wetness is a problem.
20 percent of this map unit. This soil is in capability subclass Ilw and in woodland
Most of the acreage of the Roanoke soil is woodland. group 3w.
Areas that are not in trees are in pasture or crops. This StA—State loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes. This
soil is poorly suited to suited to corn, soybeans, small is a well drained soil on smooth to slightly rounded low
grains, and pasture. Artificial drainage is needed for crop ridges on stream terraces. This soil is on terraces along
production. Contentnea Creek, Toisnot Swamp, Black Creek, and
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, sweetgum, other major streams. The elevation ranges from 60 to
swamp chestnut oak, water oak, maple, and river birch. 150 feet. The areas generally are irregular in shape and
The understory is mainly ironwood, sourwood, range from 10 to 90 acres in size.
cottonwood, and hawthorn. From November to April, Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 7
wetness and flooding restrict the use of equipment and inches thick. The subsurface layer is yellow loamy sand
damage seedlings. 3 inches thick. The subsoil is 35 inches thick. The upper
This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreation uses part is yellowish brown sandy clay loam that has red
because of wetness, flooding, the moderate shrink-swell mottles. The lower part is brownish yellow sandy loam
potential, and the slow permeability_ that has red mottles and yellow streaks of uncoated
This soil is in capability subclass Illw, drained, and Vw, sand. The underlying material to a depth of 90 inches is
undrained. It is in woodland group 2w. strong brown or yellowish brown loamy sand, loamy
coarse sand, or gravelly coarse sand and has light gray
Sa—Stallings fine sandy loam. This is a nearly level, and brownish yellow mottles.
somewhat poorly drained soil on the Coastal Plain Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity
uplands. The areas of this soil are mostly in the eastern is medium. The seasonal high water table is at a depth
part of the county. They are irregular in shape and range of 4 to 6 feet. These soils are subject to rare flooding.
from 10 to 30 acres in size. Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
Typically, the surface layer is dark grayish brown fine Altavista soils in slight depressions and Tarboro soils on
sandy loam 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is 6 ridges and knolls. Also included are soils that have
inches thick. It is very pale brown fine sandy loam that slightly less than 10 percent weatherable minerals. The
has light yellowish brown and brownish yellow mottles. included soils make up about 25 percent of this map
The subsoil is 55 inches thick. The upper part is light unit.
brownish yellow fine sandy loam that has brownish Most of the acreage of the State soil is cropland.
yellow and light gray mottles. The lower part is light gray Areas not in crops are used as woodland and pasture.
fine sandy loam that has brownish yellow and strong This soil is well suited to corn, tobacco, soybeans, small
brown mottles. The underlying material to a depth of 95 grains, and pasture. Crops may be damaged by floods.
inches is light gray fine sandy loam that has brownish The dominant trees are loblolly pine, northern red oak,
yellow and reddish yellow mottles. southern red oak, white oak, and hickory. The understory
Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the is mainly dogwood, holly sassafras, redbud, and
subsoil and moderately rapid to rapid in the lower part. greenbrier.

Wilson County, North Carolina 21
This soil is poorly suited to most urban uses because Crossroads. Some smaller areas are south of Buckhorn
of wetness and possible flooding. However, in some Crossroads to Kenly and west of Lucama. The elevation
higher areas, where it is not subject to flooding, this soil ranges from 180 to 280 feet. The areas are mostly
is suited to most urban uses. It is suited to recreation irregular in shape and range from 20 to 120 acres in
uses, but wetness is a problem. size.
This soil is in capability class I and in woodland group Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown
10. loam 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 38 inches thick. The
upper part is red silty clay that has yellowish brown
TaB—Tarboro sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes. This is a mottles. The middle part is red silty clay loam that has
somewhat excessively drained soil on narrow to yellow pockets of weathered slate fragments. The lower
moderately broad ridges and knolls on stream terraces. part is red silt loam that has white mottles. The
The terraces are along Contentnea Creek, Toisnot underlying material to a depth of 72 inches is mottled
Swamp, Black Creek, and other major streams. Most white, yellow, reddish brown, and red slate saprolite that
areas are elongated, oval, or irregular in shape and crushes to silt loam.
range from 10 to 50 acres in size. Permeability is moderate, and the available water
Typically, the surface layer is dark brown sand 9 capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential is moderate.
inches thick. The underlying material is 90 inches thick. Soft bedrock is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. This soil is
The upper part is strong brown sand. The middle part is subject to erosion.
brownish yellow or yellowish brown sand. The lower part Included with this soil in mapping are areas where
is brownish yellow gravelly sand. Coastal Plain material overlies residual soil. The Coastal
Permeability is rapid, and the available water capacity Plain material is less than 2 feet thick. It is loamy sand in
is low or very low. This soil is subject to rare flooding. the upper part and sandy clay loam or clay loam in the
Included with this soil in mapping are small lower part. Also included are soils that have a gravelly
intermingled areas of Tarboro soils that have a thin surface or an eroded surface layer of clay loam. Also
subsoil of loamy sand and soils that have lamellae. Also included are some areas of Nason soils. The included
included are small areas of State soils in slight soils make up about 25 percent of the map unit.
depressions and on side slopes and soils that are Most of the acreage of the Tatum soil is cropland.
slightly less than 10 percent weatherable minerals. The Areas that are not in crops are pasture and woodland.
included soils make up about 25 percent of this map This soil is well suited to corn, soybeans, tobacco, and
unit. small grains. Conservation practices such as crop
About half of the acreage of the Tarboro soil is rotation, contour farming, crop residue management, and
cropland. The rest is woodland and pasture. This soil is grassed waterways help to reduce erosion. This soil is
suited or poorly suited to small grains, corn, soybeans, also well suited to hay and pasture.
pasture, and tobacco. The major problems for The dominant trees are white oak, post oak, northern
agricultural uses are the low or very low available water red oak, southern red oak, hickory, maple, and loblolly
capacity, the very high susceptibility to leaching, and pine. The understory is mainly dogwood, sourwood,
possible flooding in certain areas. Large fields are redbud, holly, black cherry, and sassafras.
subject to wind erosion. Crop residue management, The Tatum soil is suited to urban uses. Depth to
minimum tillage, and windbreaks help control erosion. bedrock is a limitation. This soil is well suited to
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, red oak, white recreation uses.
oak, turkey oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly This soil is in capability subclass lie and in woodland
holly, dogwood, sourwood, and sassafras. The deep group 3o.
sand restricts the use of equipment, and the low
available water capacity damages seedlings. To—Toisnot loam. This is a nearly level, poorly
This soil is poorly suited to most urban uses because drained soil at the head of drainageways and along
of possible flooding. However, in some higher areas, transition areas between uplands and stream terraces.
where it is not subject to flooding, this soil is suited to These areas are mainly west of U.S. Highway 301 and
most urban uses. Ground water can be contaminated by east and south of Sims. A few areas are south of
effluent from septic tank absorption fields. This soil is Lucama. An area 700 acres in size is 2 miles north of
suited to some recreation uses. The sand is a limitation. Kenly. The elevation ranges from 130 to 200 feet. The
This soil is in capability subclass Ills and in woodland areas generally are irregular or elongated in shape and
group 4s. range from 20 to 75 acres in size.
Typically, the surface layer is very dark gray loam that
TmB—Tatum loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. This is a has dark brown organic stains. It is 5 inches thick. The
well drained soil on broad upland ridges and side slopes subsurface layer is gray very fine sandy loam that has
that are dissected by narrow drainageways. Most of the light gray, dark gray, and brownish yellow mottles. It is
areas are west of Sims and north of Buckhorn 11 inches thick. The subsoil, to a depth of 25 inches, is

22 Soil survey
gray fine sandy loam that has brownish yellow and very grains. Drainage is needed. However, this soil is difficult
pale brown mottles, There is a fragipan between depths to drain by open ditches or underground tiles because of
of 25 and 56 inches. The upper part of the fragipan is the sandy material overlying a fragipan and the depth
light gray fine sandy loam that is compact and brittle. and hardness of the fragipan.
The lower part is light gray loamy fine sand that is very The dominant trees are sweetgum, loblolly pine,
hard, very compact, and brittle. Below the fragipan there maple, yellow-poplar, and water oak. The understory is
is brownish yellow sandy loam that has reddish yellow mainly sweetbay, waxmyrtle, gallberry, and smilax_
and light gray mottles. The underlying material to a depth Wetness restricts the use of equipment and damages
of 67 inches is light yellowish brown gravelly loamy sand seedlings.
that has brownish yellow mottles. This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of the
The content of organic matter of the surface layer is slow permeability, wetness, ponding, and the fragipan. It
low to medium. Permeability is moderately slow above is poorly suited to recreation uses because of wetness
the fragipan and slow in the fragipan. The water table is and ponding.
at or near the surface. The fragipan limits rooting depth. This soil is in capability subclass IVw and in woodland
This soil is subject to ponding after heavy rains. group 3w.
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of Tt—Tomotley fine sandy loam. This is a nearly level,
Bibb soils next to stream channels and Rains and poorly drained soil on flats and in depressions on
Tomotley soils in slightly higher areas than the Toisnot terraces along Contentnea Creek, Black Creek, and
soil. Also included are some small areas, in depressions, other major streams. It is also in Toisnot Swamp, in
of soils that have a thick, dark surface layer. The Bloomery Swamp, and along small streams that flow into
included soils make up about 25 percent of the map unit. Contentnea Creek. The areas generally are irregularly
Most of the acreage of the Toisnot soil is woodland. A shaped or elongated and range from 20 to 100 acres in
small acreage is pasture and cropland. This soil is suited size. A few areas are 250 acres or larger. There are
or poorly suited to corn, soybeans, pasture, or small numerous drainageways in the large areas.
A .
IM
Figure 6.-4n area of Tomotley fine sandy loam on a terrace along Conlentnea Creek. This soil is subject to rare flooding.

Wilson County, North Carolina 23
Typically, the surface layer is dark gray fine sandy Ur—Urban land. This map unit consists of areas
loam 7 inches thick. The subsurface layer is gray fine where buildings, streets, parking lots, and railroad yards
sandy loam 2 inches thick. The subsoil is 46 inches cover more than 85 percent of the surface. Extensive
thick. The upper part is gray clay loam that has brownish urbanization has altered the natural soils and has
yellow and strong brown mottles. The lower part is gray changed the topography and original landscape. The
clay loam that has brownish yellow and pale yellow slope is commonly 0 to 6 percent.
mottles. The underlying material to a depth of 75 inches Most areas of this map unit are in and around the city
is dark gray fine sandy loam and sand. of Wilson. The areas are irregular in shape and range
Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the from 150 to 350 acres in size. The largest area is in
subsoil and moderately slow in the lower part. The downtown Wilson. There are areas of 10 to 20 acres in
seasonal high water table is at or near the surface. This size in and around Wilson and in smaller towns in the
soil is subject to rare flooding (fig. 6). county.
Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of Runoff is considerable in areas of this map unit. It
Bibb soils on flood plains and Altavista soils in slightly increases the flood hazard in low-lying areas. Areas that
higher areas than the Tomotley soil. Also included are have been graded and have not been stabilized can be
intermingled areas of Roanoke soils, some small areas the source of silt carried into waterways and reservoirs.
of somewhat poorly drained or poorly drained soils that Onsite examination is necessary to define use and
are less than 18 percent clay in the subsoil, and small management for this map unit.
areas of soils that are less than 10 percent weatherable This map unit was not assigned to a capability
minerals. Also included are small areas of Toisnot soil at subclass or to a woodland group.
the break between upland soils and stream terrace soils.
A little more than half of the acreage of the Tomotley VaA—Varina loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes.
soil is forested. The rest is mainly cropland. A small This is a well drained soil on broad ridges of the upper
acreage is in pasture and urban land. If drained, this soil Coastal Plain. The areas are west of Sims and north of
is well suited to corn, soybeans, small grains, and Wilkerson Crossroads. They are irregular or oval in
pasture. This soil is poorly suited to tobacco because of shape and range from 20 to 80 acres in size. The
wetness and flooding. elevation ranges from 250 to 310 feet.
The trees on this soil are mainly sweetgum, water oak, Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 7
loblolly pine, and maple. The understory is mainly holly, inches thick. The subsurface layer is light yellowish
canes, greenbrier, and honeysuckle. Wetness and brown loamy sand 5 inches thick. The subsoil is 77
flooding restrict the use of equipment and damage inches thick. The upper part is yellowish brown sandy
seedlings. clay that has strong brown mottles. The middle part is 5
This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreation uses to 15 percent plinthite. It is yellowish brown clay that has
because of wetness and flooding. red and strong brown mottles and strong brown sandy
This soil is in capability subclass Illw, drained, and clay that has red mottles_ The lower part is 5 to 15
IVw, undrained, and in woodland group 2w. percent plinthite. It is mottled brownish yellow, strong
Ud—Udorthents, loamy. This map unit consists of brown, red, and light gray sandy clay loam. The
areas from which the soil has been removed, areas of fill underlying material to a depth of 99 inches is mottledbrownish yellow, strong brown, red, and light gray sandy
material, and areas used as landfills. The borrow and fill loam.
areas range from 3 to 50 acres in size. Small borrow pits
of less than 3 acres are shown by a special symbol. Two Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the
areas have been used for landfills. A 40-acre landfill has subsoil and slow in the layers that contain plinthite. The
been closed, and a 130-acre site is now in use as the available water capacity is medium. A perched water
county landfill. table is at a depth of 2 1/2 to 5 feet.
The borrow pits are 5 to 20 feet deep and were dug Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
for fill material, sand, gravel, or rock. In an area west of Nankin and Fuquay soils. Fuquay and Nankin soils are in
Conner, granite bedrock is exposed in some borrow pits slightly higher areas than the Varina soil. Also included
that were dug for coarse sand and gravel. are areas of soils that have less than 35 percent clay in
Areas of this map unit are variable. On-site the subsoil. The included soils make up about 25
investigation is necessary for most soil interpretations. percent of the map unit.
The borrow pits support some native vegetation such as Most of the acreage of the Varina soil is cropland.
pines and shrubs. Areas that are not in crops are woodland and pasture.
This map unit was not assigned to a capability This soil is well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small
subclass or to a woodland group. grains, pasture, and sweet potatoes.

24 Soil survey
The dominant trees are loblally pine, white oak, red yellow, yellowish red, strong brown, red, pale brown, and
oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly dogwood, gray sandy loam.
redbud, and sassafras. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the
This soil is well suited to most urban and recreation subsoil and slow in the layers that contain plinthite. The
uses. Slow permeability and a perched water table affect available water capacity is medium. A perched water
the performance of septic tank filter fields. table is at a depth of 2 112 to 5 feet.
This soil is in capability subclass Its and in woodland Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of
group 3o. Nankin soils on higher ridges than the Varina soil,
Fuquay soils above the Varina soil on the ridges and in
VaB—Varina loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes. patchy areas along the slope, and Wedowee soils on
This is a well drained soil on broad ridges and side side slopes. Also included are areas of soils that have
slopes of the upper Coastal Plain. The areas are west of less than 35 percent clay in the subsoil. The included
Sims and north of Wilkerson Crossroads. They generally soils make up about 25 percent of the map unit.
are irregular or elongated in shape and range from 20 to Most of the acreage of the Varina soil is cropland.
100 acres in size. The elevation ranges from 250 to 310 Areas that are not in crops are woodland and pasture.
feet. This soil is well suited to tobacco, corn, soybeans, small
Typically, the surface layer is dark yellowish brown grain, pasture, and sweet potatoes. Contour farming,
loamy sand 6 inches thick. The subsoil is 60 inches crop residue management, and minimum tillage help
thick. The upper part is strong brown sandy clay loam. reduce erosion.
The middle part is strong brown sandy clay that has red, The dominant trees are loblally pine, white oak, red
brownish yellow, and yellowish red mottles; it is 5 to 15 oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly dogwood,
percent plinthite. The lower part is mottled brownish redbud, and sassafras.
yellow, yellowish red, strong brown, and gray sandy clay This soil is well suited to urban and recreation uses.
loam; it is 5 to 15 percent plinthite. The underlying The slow permeability and the perched water table affect
material to a depth of 99 inches is mottled brownish the performance of septic tank filter fields.
lo
r
jf"
1
• �4`r
r � r CAM «fir
J&
Sib
AUK
Figure 7.—Sweet potatoes on Wagram loamy sand 0 to 6 percent slopes. This soil is well suited to use as cropland.

Wilson County, North Carolina 25
This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland upper part is strong brown clay that has red mottles. The
group 3o. middle part is yellowish red clay loam that has strong
WaB—Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes. brown and red mottles. The lower part is yellowish red
This is a well drained soil on slightly convex upland sandy clay loam that has strong brown mottles. The
ridges on the Coastal Plain. The elevation ranges from underlying material to a depth of 94 inches is yellowish
120 to 260 feet. Most areas are irregular in shape. The red, red, strong brown, white, and brownish yellow sandy
areas range from 10 to 50 acres in size, however, loam_
several areas near Sims are more than 300 acres in Permeability is moderate. The available water capacity
size. is high, and the shrink-swell potential is moderate.
Typically, the surface layer is brown loamy sand 7 Included with this soil in mapping are small areas, on
inches thick. The subsurface layer is light yellowish ridgetops, of Varina soils and soils that have a gravelly
brown loamy sand 19 inches thick. The subsoil is 57 surface layer and a shallow, coarse-textured subsoil. The
inches thick. The upper part is brownish yellow sandy included soils make up about 20 percent of the map unit.
loam. The middle part is brownish yellow sandy clay This soil is used mainly as cropland. Areas that are not
loam that has reddish yellow and red mottles. The lower in crops are used as woodland and pasture. This soil is
part is brownish yellow sandy clay loam that has strong suited to corn, pasture, soybeans, small grains, and
brown and red mottles. The underlying material to a tobacco. Contour farming, minimum tillage, and crop
depth of 99 inches is mottled red and gray sandy clay residue management help reduce erosion, as does
loam. proper pasture management.
Permeability is moderate in the subsoil, and the The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak,
available water capacity is low. This soil is subject to white oak, black oak, yellow-poplar, and hickory. The
wind erosion because of the thick sandy surface layer_ understory is mainly dogwood, holly, sourwood, and
Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of sumac.
Norfolk soils in depressions and in patches on side This soil is suited to urban uses. The moderate
slopes. Also included are areas of soils that have a permeability affects the performance of septic tank filter
sandy surface layer more than 40 inches thick and some fields. Also, the moderate shrink-swell potential is a
areas of soils that have gray mottles at a depth of 30 limitation for some urban uses. This soil is well suited to
inches. The included soils make up about 25 percent of recreation purposes.
the map unit. This soil is in capability subclass Ile and in woodland
Most of the acreage of the Wagram soil is cropland. group 3o.
Areas that are not in crops are pasture, woodland, and
urban land. This soil is well suited to corn, small grains, WeC—Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 6 to 10
sweet potatoes (fig. 7), tobacco, soybeans, and pasture. percent slopes. This is a well drained soil on side
Droughtiness, soil blowing, and leaching of plant slopes of the Piedmont and the upper Coastal Plain
nutrients are the main concerns. Minimum tillage and uplands. The areas are west of Sims and north of
crop residue management help increase soil fertility. Wilkerson Crossroads. They generally are elongated or
Conservation practices, for example, winter cover crops irregular in shape and range from 20 to 50 acres in size.
and windbreaks, help reduce erosion. These areas are dissected by numerous drainageways.
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, white oak, red The elevation commonly ranges from 200 to 280 feet.
oak, and hickory. The understory is mainly dogwood,
sassafras, and waxmyrtle. Typically, the surface layer is very dark grayish brown
This soil is well suited to urban uses and suited to coarse sandy loam 3 inches thick. The subsurface layer
recreation uses. is brown coarse sandy loam 4 inches thick. The subsoil
This soil is in capability subclass Its and in woodland is 22 inches thick. The upper part is yellowish brown
group 3s. sandy clay loam. The middle part is strong brown sandy
clay, and the lower part is strong brown clay loam that
WeB—Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 2 to 6 has brownish yellow mottles. The underlying material to
percent slopes. This is a well drained soil on upland a depth of 60 inches is strong brown, yellow, and very
ridges and side slopes of the Piedmont and upper pale brown sandy clay loam.
Coastal Plain. The areas are west of Sims and north of Permeability is moderate, and the available water
Wilkerson Crossroads. They generally are irregular in capacity is high. The shrink-swell potential is moderate.
shape and range from 20 to 70 acres in size. The This soil is subject to erosion.
elevation commonly ranges from 200 to 300 feet. Included with this soil in mapping are small, patchy
Typically, the surface layer is brown coarse sandy areas of eroded soils that have a clay loam surface
loam 6 inches thick_ The subsoil is 34 inches thick. The layer. Also included are areas of coarse-textured soils

26 Soil survey
overlying granite. The included soils make up about 20 Included with these soils in mapping are small areas of
percent of the map unit. Bibb, Roanoke, and Tomotley soils, and areas of a well
Most of the acreage of the Wedowee soil is mixed drained soil that is subject to flooding. The Roanoke and
hardwood forest. Areas that are not wooded are Tomotley soils are in slightly higher areas than the
cropland and pasture. This soil is suited to corn, Wehadkee and Chewacla soils. The well drained soil is
soybeans, small grain, and tobacco. It is also suited to next to streams, and it too is in slightly higher positions.
pasture. Contour farming, minimum tillage, and crop Most areas of the soils in this map unit are forested.
residue management help to control runoff and reduce Some are in pasture, and a small acreage is in crops.
erosion, as does proper pasture management. These soils are poorly suited to corn, soybeans, small
The dominant trees are loblolly pine, southern red oak, grains, and pasture.
northern red oak, white oak, yellow-poplar, and hickory. The trees on these soils are mainly loblolly pine,
The understory is mainly dogwood, holly, sourwood, and yellow-poplar, cottonwood, and sweetgum. The
sumac. understory is mainly birch, willow, hackberry, and winged
This soil is suited to urban uses. Slope and the elm. Wetness and flooding restrict the use of equipment
moderate permeability affect the performance of septic and damage seedlings.
tank filter fields. Slope and the moderate shrink-swell These soils are poorly suited to urban and recreation
potential are limitations for buildings. This soil is suited to uses because of flooding and wetness.
recreation uses. Slope is the main limitation. These soils are in capability subclass Vlw and in
This soil is in capability subclass Ille and in woodland woodland group 1w.
group 3o. Wk—Wilbanks silt loam. This is a nearly level, very
Wh—Wehadkee and Chewacla loams. This map unit poorly drained soil on low terraces and flood plains on
consists of poorly drained Wehadkee soil and somewhat the Coastal Plain. Most of the acreage of this soil is in a
poorly drained Chewacla soil on nearly level flood plains single elongated and continuous area, approximately
along Moccasin Creek, Turkey Creek, and Contentnea
2,000 acres in size, along the flood plain of Toisnot
Swamp. Just north of Toisnot Swamp at Contentnea
Creek and along their tributaries that drain the Piedmont. Creek, Bibb soils separate a 40-acre area from the main
The Wehadkee soil is on the outer part of the flood part the map unit.
plains, and the Chewacla soil is next to the streams. The Typically, the surface layer is 39 inches thick. The
areas along Contentnea Creek are irregular in shape and upper part is grayish brown silt loam. The lower part is
range from 20 to 100 acres in size. An area of wide black clay that has dark grayish brown mottles, very dark
flood plain where Moccasin Creek and Turkey Creek gray silty clay, and black clay. The underlying material to
come together is 450 acres in size. a depth of 78 inches is grayish brown loam and dark
The Wehadkee soil makes up about 50 percent of the grayish brown sandy clay loam in the upper part, grayish
map unit, the Chewacla soil makes up 30 percent, and brown sandy loam and grayish brown loamy sand in the
some included soils make up 20 percent. middle part, and greenish gray silty clay loam in the
Typically, the Wehadkee soil has a surface layer of lower part.
dark grayish brown loam 7 inches thick. The subsoil is The content of organic matter of the surface layer is
51 inches thick. It is gray loam or clay loam that has medium to high. Permeability is slow, and the shrink-
strong brown and yellowish red mottles. The underlying swell potential is moderate. The seasonal high water
material to a depth of 84 inches is gray loam that has table is at or near the surface during wet months. This
reddish yellow and yellowish red mottles. soil is flooded frequently for brief periods.
Typically, the Chewacla soil has a surface layer of Included with this soil in mapping are some areas of
brown loam 6 inches thick. The subsoil is 38 inches Bibb and Tomotley soils in slightly higher areas than the
thick. The upper part is pale brown loam that has dark Wilbanks soil. The included soils make up about 25
brown mottles; the middle part is mottled pale brown, percent of the map unit.
light brownish gray, and dark brown loam and gray loam The Wilbanks soil is mainly forested. A few areas are
that has strong brown mottles; and the lower part is gray in crops and pasture. Some areas in the city of Wilson
loam that has strong brown mottles. The underlying are used as playgrounds. If this soil is properly drained
material to a depth of 85 inches is gray silt loam to and protected from flooding, it is suited to corn,
sandy loam that has strong brown and light gray mottles. soybeans, and pasture. Wetness and frequent flooding
The organic matter content of the surface layer is are the major limitations for agricultural uses.
medium, and permeability is moderate. The seasonal The dominant trees are sweetgum, water oak, red
high water table in the Wehadkee soil is at or near the maple, southern baldcypress, green ash, swamp
surface during wet periods. In the Chewacla soil, the chestnut oak, and willow oak. Loblolly pine and pond
water table is 6 inches to 18 inches below the surface. pine can be grown if the soil is adequately drained. The
These soils are subject to frequent flooding, understory is mainly sourwood, greenbrier, giant cane,

Wilson County, North Carolina 27
sweetbay magnolia, and privet. Wetness and flooding and the slow permeability. It is poorly suited to recreation
restrict the use of equipment and damage seedlings. areas because of wetness and flooding.
This soil is poorly suited to urban uses because of This soil is in capability subclass IVw, drained, and
wetness, flooding, the moderate shrink-swell potential, VIw, undrained. It is in woodland group 1w.

29
prime farmland
Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important A recent trend in land use has been the conversion of
farmland defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. prime farmland to urban and industrial uses. The loss of
It is of major importance in providing the nation's short- prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal
and long-range needs for food and fiber. The acreage of lands, which generally are wet, more erodible, droughty,
high-quality farmland is limited, and the U.S. Department or difficult to cultivate and less productive than prime
of Agriculture recognizes that government at local, state, farmland.
and federal levels, as well as individuals, must The following map units, or soils, make up prime
encourage and facilitate the wise use of our nation's farmland in Wilson County. The location of each map
prime farmland. unit is shown on the detailed soil maps at the back of
Prime farmland soils, as defined by the U.S. this publication. The extent of each map unit is given in
Department of Agriculture, are soils that are best suited table 4. The soil qualities that affect use and
to producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops. management are described in the section "Detailed soil
Such soils have properties that are favorable for the . map units." This list does not constitute a
economic production of sustained high yields of crops. recommendation for a particular land use.
The soils need only to be treated and managed using
acceptable farming methods. The moisture supply, of AaA Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
course, must be adequate, and the growing season has slopes
to be sufficiently long. Prime farmland soils produce the AyA Aycock very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent
highest yields with minimal inputs of energy and slopes
economic resources, and farming these soils results in AyB Aycock very fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent
the least damage to the environment. slopes
Prime farmland soils may presently be in use as DpA Duplin sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
cropland, pasture, or woodland, or they may be in other ExA Exum very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
uses. They either are used for producing food or fiber or slopes
are available for these uses. Urban or built-up land and GoA Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
water areas cannot be considered prime farmland. MaA Marlboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Prime farmland soils usually get an adequate and MaB Marlboro loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes
dependable supply of moisture from precipitation or NnB Nason silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
irrigation. The temperature and growing season are NoA Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
favorable. The acidity or alkalinity level of the soils is NoB Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes
acceptable. The soils have few or no rocks and are StA State loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes
permeable to water and air. They are not excessively TmB Tatum loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes
erodible or saturated with water for long periods and are VaA Varina loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes
not flooded during the growing season. The slope ranges VaB Varina loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes
mainly from 0 to 6 percent. WeB Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent
Soils that have a high water table, are subject to slopes
flooding, or are droughty may qualify as prime farmland important farmland in Wilson County
soils if the limitations are overcome by drainage, flood
control, or irrigation. Onsite evaluation is necessary to Some soils in the county that do not meet the
determine the effectiveness of corrective measures. requirements for prime farmland are nevertheless
More information on the criteria for prime farmland soils important to state and local agriculture. These soils are
can be obtained at the local office of the Soil naturally wet or droughty or are more sloping than prime
Conservation Service. farmland soils in general. Under good management,
About 111,000 acres, nearly 46 percent, in the county however, these soils are productive or have good yield
is prime farmland. The areas of prime farmland are potential.
scattered throughout the county, but the largest areas The soils in Wilson County that are identified as
are in map units 1, 3, and 5 on the general soil map. important to state and local agriculture are:

30
Co Coxville sandy loam NaB2 Nankin sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,
FuB Fuquay loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes eroded
Gr Grantham very fine sandy loam Ra Rains sandy loam
GtB2 Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, TaB Tarboro sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes
eroded Tt Tomotley fine sandy loam
WaB Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes

31
use and management of the soils
This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of the land capability classification used by the Soil
soils in Wilson County. It can be used to adjust land Conservation Service is explained; and the estimated
uses to the limitations and potentials of natural yields of the main crops and hay and pasture plants are
resources and the environment. Also, it can help avoid listed for each soil.
soil-related failures in land uses. Planners of management systems for individual fields
In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, or farms should consider the detailed information given
conservationists, engineers, and others collect extensive in the description of each soil under "Detailed soil map
field data about the nature and behavior characteristics units." Specific information can be obtained from the
of the soils. They collect data on erosion, droughtiness, local office of the Soil Conservation Service or the North
crop yield estimates, flooding, and other factors that Carolina Agricultural Extension Service.
affect various soil uses and management. Field The acreage in crops and pasture in Wilson County
experience and collected data on soil properties and has been steadily decreasing. Land is being converted to
performance are used as a basis in predicting soil nonfarm uses at the rate of one average sized farm
behavior. every 3 months (8). More than 7,000 acres have been
Information in this section can be used to plan the use converted to nonfarm uses since 1965.
and management of soils for crops and pasture; as In 1978, according to a land utilization survey, Wilson
woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities, County had approximately 95,000 acres in crops and
highways and other transportation systems, and parks 3,000 acres in pasture and hay. Corn was grown on
and other recreation facilities; and for wildlife habitat. It 54,000 acres; tobacco on 15,000 acres; soybeans on
can be used to identify the potentials and limitations of 15,000 acres; small grains, including wheat, oats, and
each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent barley, on 4,000 acres; sweet potatoes on 1,200 acres;
construction failures caused by unfavorable soil and all other crops on the remaining 5,800 acres.
properties. Coastal bermudagrass and tall fescue were planted in
Planners and others using soil survey information can almost equal amounts in pasture and hayland.
evaluate the effect of specific land uses on productivity Soil erosion is a hazard on about 40 percent of the
and on the environment in all or part of the survey area. cropland and pasture in the county. Erosion is a serious
The survey can help planners to maintain or create a hazard on cropland and pasture on soils that have
land use pattern in harmony with the natural soil. slopes of more than 2 percent, notably Aycock, Gritney,
Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of Marlboro, Nankin, Nason, Norfolk, Tatum, Wagram, and
sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to Wedowee soils.
identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil Erosion is costly for several reasons. Productivity and
layers can cause difficulty in excavation. soil tilth deteriorate as the surface layer is washed away.
Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and many Herbicides, fertilizers, and lime are lost, as are valuable
other specialists may also find this survey useful. The topsoil and organic matter if erosion is not reduced.
survey can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes Furthermore, sediment and other pollutants are washed
and locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, into streams, lakes, and reservoirs. The effective control
playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs. of erosion increases productivity and minimizes the
public cost of maintaining water quality.
crops and pasture Erosion control practices that provide a protective
surface cover help reduce runoff and increase infiltration
William H. Farmer,.Jr., district conservationist,and Foy D. Hendrix, of water. Plant cover that remains on the soil for an
conservation agronomist, Soil Conservation Service, helped prepare extended period, for example, a winter cover crop of
this section. small grains, can hold erosion to a level that will not
General management needed for crops and pasture is reduce the productive capacity of the soil.
suggested in this section. The crops or pasture plants On short and irregular slopes, contour tillage and
best suited to the soils, including some not commonly parallel terraces are not practical. Gritney, Marlboro,
grown in the survey area, are identified; the system of Nankin, Nason, and Wedowee soils have such slopes.

32 Soil survey
On these soils, it is necessary to use conservation that have good tilth have a surface layer that is granular
cropping systems that retain enough plant cover to and porous.
control erosion. Minimum and reduced tillage and no-till Most of the soils in Wilson County have a loamy sand,
are also effective in controlling erosion on these soils. sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
Grassed waterways, which commonly are in tall fescue, surface layer that is low in content of organic matter.
dispose of field runoff safely. Sodded field borders help Soils that have a finer textured surface layer, for
filter sediment-laden runoff. example, Tatum and Nason soils, tend to crust after
In many soils in the county, there is a compacted intense rainfall. Some soils that have a very fine sandy
traffic pan between the topsoil and subsoil that restricts loam surface layer or an eroded surface also tend to
root penetration and permeability. During prolonged crust. Adding organic material, such as crop residue,
rains, runoff increases when the soil above the pan manure, and mulches, reduces crusting and improves
becomes saturated. Sloping soils that have a traffic pan soil structure and tilth.
are more susceptible to erosion. The chance of a traffic Fall plowing generally is not a good practice on eroded
pan developing and its compactness depend on the soils or on soils that have a surface layer of very fine
number of passes made on the soil with farm sandy loam or silt loam. The crust that forms on these
implements during the crop season. Rippers, subsoilers, soils is hard and almost impervious to water. It causes
and chisels can break up these pans. increased runoff and erosion in winter. After fall plowing,
Terraces and diversions reduce erosion by intercepting many of these soils are nearly as hard and dense at
excess surface runoff and safely routing it to suitable planting time as they were before they were plowed.
outlets, such as grassed waterways. These conservation Nearly all the soils in the county have this problem in
practices are practical and highly effective on Norfolk, some areas, and nearly all are subject to severe erosion
Wagram, Aycock, Marlboro, Tatum, Wedowee, and after fall plowing.
Nason soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent. Poorly drained soils, such as Rains, Coxville,
Contour tillage and striperopping are also effective in Grantham, and Tomotley soils, tend to develop poor soil
reducing erosion. Like terraces and diversions, these tilth despite a high content of organic matter. If they are
practices are most effective on the more uniform slopes, wet when plowed, they tend to be cloddy when dry,
but they can be adapted to a wide range of slope making it difficult to prepare a good seedbed.
patterns. Pasture and hayland in Wilson County are
Wind erosion generally is a problem in Wilson County predominantly in coastal bermudagrass. Soils that have
on soils that have a sandy surface layer. Many tons of a sandy surface layer, for example, Wagram and Tarboro
topsoil are lost every year on Wagram, Fuquay, and soils, make up most of the acreage. Soil tests are
Tarboro soils. Also, seedlings are damaged by severe recommended before the initial establishment of coastal
sandblowing. Wind erosion is most harmful during March, bermudagrass, and maintaining the levels of nitrogen,
April, and May. Conservation cropping systems that phosphorus, and potassium in the soil is essential.
include cover crops and crop residue management can Nitrogen fertilization requires special attention because
greatly reduce damage from wind erosion. Windbreaks of each cutting of hay removes a significant amount of
tall-growing small grains are commonly used in fields of nitrogen from the soil.
row crops to reduce wind damage to young crops. The soils in Wilson County have insufficient natural
Information on erosion control practices for the kinds fertility for economic returns on crops. They are naturally
of soil in the county is available at the local office of the acid and require additions of lime to make them usable
Soil Conservation Service. for most crops.
Drainage is a problem on approximately 27,000 acres Liming requirements are of primary importance
of soils in Wilson County that are now used as cropland because soil acidity affects the availability to plants of
and pasture. Many poorly drained soils, for example, many nutrients and also affects the activity of beneficial
Rains, Grantham, Coxville, and Tomotley soils, require bacteria. Lime provides calcium and also magnesium if
extensive drainage if high yields are expected. Drainage dolomitic lime is used. Adding lime neutralizes the
systems that include tile drains, open ditches, and land exchangeable aluminum and thereby counteracts the
smoothing allow the soils to be used for a wide variety of adverse effects of aluminum on many important crops.
crops, including corn, soybeans, small grains, truck Lime requirements vary with soil properties, past liming
crops, and pasture. Tobacco generally is grown on practices, and the crops to be grown. The soils in Wilson
Goldsboro, Exum, and Duplin soils that have been County tend to be low in magnesium. Dolomitic lime
adequately drained. should be used in every second or third application. Soil
The wet soils in most areas respond favorably to tests are advisable for determining the need for lime and
artificial drainage, although some, for example, Coxville the rate of application.
soils, require special techniques. Nitrogen fertilizer is required for most crops. The
Soil tilth is an important factor in the germination of exception is legumes—peanuts, clovers, soybeans (in
seeds and in the infiltration of water into the soil. Soils some rotations), and alfalfa (after it has been

Wilson County, North Carolina 33
established). No soil test is available for determining Crops other than those shown in table 5 are grown in
nitrogen requirements. Appropriate rates are discussed the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed
under "Yields per acre." Nitrogen is readily leached from because the acreage of such crops is small. The local
sandy soils. It may be necessary to apply nitrogen on office of the Soil Conservation Service or of the North
sandy soils more than once in the growing season. Carolina Agricultural Extension Service can provide
The need for phosphorus for specific crops can be information about the management and productivity of
determined from soil tests. In Wilson County, it is the soils for those crops.
particularly important to test the soil in each field A high level of management includes maintaining
because past applications of fertilizer tend to build up in proper soil reaction and fertility levels as indicated by
the soil. standard soil tests. Nitrogen application rates for corn on
Potassium requirements are similarly determined by soils that have a yield potential of 125 to 150 bushels
soil tests. per acre should be 140 to 160 pounds per acre. If the
Herbicides are commonly used for weed control on yield potential is only 100 bushels per acre, a nitrogen
cropland in Wilson County. The efficient use of rate of 100 to 120 pounds per acre should be used.
herbicides helps to minimize tillage. The content of Application of nitrogen in excess of potential yields
organic matter, the texture of the surface layer, and generally is not a sound practice. Fertilizer not used by
certain other soil properties should determine the crops is a source of water pollution. If corn or cotton
amount of the herbicide application. The texture of the follows harvested soybeans or peanuts, the nitrogen rate
surface layer of each of the soils in the county is given in can be reduced by 20 to 30 pounds per acre.
table 13 in the "USDA texture" column, and the content capability classes and subclasses
of organic matter in the surface layer is given in table 14.
In some places, the content of organic matter may Capability classes and subclasses show, in a general
range outside the amounts shown in table 14 for the way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops,
different soils. The range may be higher where the soils Crops that require special management are excluded.
have received large amounts of animal or man-made The soils are grouped according to their limitations for
waste. Soils currently being brought into cultivation may field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for crops,
have more organic matter in the surface layer than and the way they respond to management. The grouping
similar soils that have been in cultivation for a long time. does not take into account major and generally
Conservation tillage also increases the content of expensive landforming that would change slope, depth,
organic matter in the surface layer. Lower levels of or other characteristics of the soils, nor does it consider
organic matter are common where the surface layer has possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.
been partly or completely removed by erosion, land Capability classification is not a substitute for
smoothing, or other activities. Soil tests can be used to interpretations designed to show suitability and
determine the content of organic matter in a specific soil. limitations of groups of soils for woodland and for
Rapid leaching of herbicides damages young plants or engineering purposes.
prevents normal seed germination in sandy soils that are In the capability system, soils are generally grouped at
less than 2 percent organic matter. The effectiveness of three levels: capability class, subclass, and unit. Only
herbicides commonly decreases as the level of organic class and subclass are used in this survey. These levels
matter exceeds 6 to 10 percent. are defined in the following paragraphs.
Capability classes, the broadest groups, are
yields per acre designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. The
numerals indicate progressively greater limitations and
The average yields per acre that can be expected of narrower choices for practical use. The classes are
the principal crops under a high level of management defined as follows:
are shown in table 5. In any given year, yields may be Class I soils have slight limitations that restrict their
higher or lower than those indicated in the table because use.
of variations in rainfall and other climatic factors. Class II soils have moderate limitations that reduce the
The yields are based mainly on the experience and choice of plants or that require moderate conservation
records of farmers, conservationists, and extension practices.
agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce the
results of field trials and demonstrations are also choice of plants or that require special conservation
considered. practices, or both.
The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity of Class IV soils have very severe limitations that reduce
each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are likely the choice of plants or that require very careful
to increase as new production technology is developed. management, or both.
The productivity of a given soil compared with that of Class V soils are not likely to erode but have other
other soils, however, is not likely to change. limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

34 Soil survey
Class VI soils have severe limitations that make them and white oak, gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar make up
generally unsuitable for cultivation. the rest. Oak-Pine covers 18,034 acres. Hardwoods—
Class VII soils have very severe limitations that make upland oaks, gum, hickory, and yellow-poplar---make up
them unsuitable for cultivation. more than 50 percent of the stand; pines make up 25 to
Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have 50 percent. Oak-Hickory covers 43,000 acres. Upland
limitations that nearly preclude their use for commercial oaks and hickory make up more than 50 percent of the
crop production. stand; common associates include elm, maple, yellow-
Capability subclasses are soil groups within one class. poplar, and black walnut. Oak-Gum-Cypress covers
They are designated by adding a small letter, e, w, s, or 13,390 acres of river bottom land. Tupelo, blackgum,
c, to the class numeral, for example, Ile. The letter a sweetgum, oak, and southern baldcypress make up most
shows that the main limitation is risk of erosion unless of the stand; common associates are eastern
close-growing plant cover is maintained; w shows that cottonwood, willow, ash, elm, hackberry, and maple.
water in or on the soil interferes with plant growth or Elm-Ash-Cottonwood covers 2,678 acres.
cultivation (in some soils the wetness can be partly Table 6 can be used by woodland owners or forest
corrected by artificial drainage); s shows that the soil is managers in planning the use of soils for wood crops.
limited mainly because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; Only those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The
and c, used in only some parts of the United States, table lists the ordination (woodland suitability) symbol for
shows that the chief limitation is climate that is very cold each soil. Soils assigned the same ordination symbol
or very dry. require the same general management and have about
In class I there are no subclasses because the soils of the same potential productivity.
this class have few limitations. Class V contains only the The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,
subclasses indicated by w, s, or c because the soils in indicates the potential productivity of the soils for
class V are subject to little or no erosion. They have important trees. The number 1 indicates very high
other limitations that restrict their use to pasture, productivity; 2, high; 3, moderately high; 4, moderate;
woodland, wildlife habitat, or recreation. and 5, low. The second part of the symbol, a letter,
The capability subclass of each map unit is given in indicates the major kind of soil limitation. The letter x
the section "Detailed soil map units." indicates stoniness or rockiness; w, excessive water in or
on the soil; t, toxic substances in the soil; d, restricted
woodland management and productivity root depth; c, clay in the upper part of the soil; s, sandy
texture; f, high content of coarse fragments in the soil
consery J.ationist,ti n st Young,Soil ester, ad and
H.n Service, helped,Jr.,district s section. profile; and r, steep slopes. The letter o indicates that
limitations or restrictions are insignificant. If a soil has
Forest lands are of economic, social, recreational, and more than one limitation, the priority is as follows: x, w, t,
environmental importance in Wilson County. Wooded d, c, s, f, and r.
areas have esthetic value and provide habitat suitable In table 6, slight, moderate, and severe indicate the
for openland wildlife, woodland wildlife, and wetland degree of the major soil limitations to be considered in
wildlife. Commercial forests cover 104,841 acres, or 44 management.
percent of the land area. Commercial forest land is Ratings of the erosion hazard indicate the risk of loss
defined as land that is producing or is capable of of soil in well managed woodland. The risk is slight if the
producing marketable lumber or other wood products expected soil loss is small, moderate if measures are
and is not withdrawn from timber utilization. needed to control erosion during logging and road
Loblolly pine is the most important timber species in construction, and severe if intensive management or
the county because it grows fast, is adapted to the soil special equipment and methods are needed to prevent
and climate, brings the highest average sale value per excessive loss of soil.
acre, and is easy to establish and manage. Hardwoods, Ratings of equipment limitation reflect the
however, have replaced pines on a significant acreage, characteristics and conditions of the soil that restrict use
and unless greater attention is given to the prompt and of the equipment generally needed in woodland
adequate regeneration of pine stands after harvesting, management or harvesting. A rating of slight indicates
the trend from pine to hardwoods will continue. that use of equipment is not limited to a particular kind of
Foresters have been advising landowners to plant pine equipment or time of year; moderate indicates a short
instead of hardwoods on sites that are suitable for pine seasonal limitation or a need for some modification in
because quality pine timber can be produced more management or in equipment; and severe indicates a
rapidly, in greater volume, and with greater assurance seasonal limitation, a need for special equipment or
than quality hardwood timber. management, or a hazard in the use of equipment.
Five forest types are identified in the county (If, 12). Seedling mortality ratings indicate the degree to which
Loblolly pine-Shortleaf pine covers 26,700 acres. These the soil affects the mortality of tree seedlings. Plant
pines make up more than 50 percent of the stand; red competition is not considered in the ratings. The ratings

Wilson County, North Carolina 35
apply to seedlings from good stock that are properly The information in table 7 can be supplemented by
planted during a period of sufficient rainfall. A rating of other information in this survey, for example,
slight indicates that the expected mortality is less than interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table
25 percent; moderate, 25 to 50 percent; and severe, 10 and interpretations for dwellings without basements
more than 50 percent. and for local roads and streets in table 9.
The potential productivity of merchantable or common Camp areas require site preparation such as shaping
trees on a soil is expressed as a site index. This index is and leveling the tent and parking areas, stabilizing roads
the average height, in feet, that dominant and and intensively used areas, and installing sanitary
codominant trees of a given species attain in a specified facilities and utility lines. Camp areas are subject to
number of years. The site index was determined at 50 heavy foot traffic and some vehicular traffic. The best
years of age for all species except eastern cottonwood soils have mild slopes and are not wet or subject to
(30 years) and American sycamore (35 years). The site flooding during the period of use. The surface has few or
index applies to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged no stones or boulders, absorbs rainfall readily but
stands. Commonly grown trees are those that woodland remains firm, and is not dusty when dry. Strong slopes
managers generally favor in intermediate or improvement and stones or boulders can greatly increase the cost of
cuttings. They are selected on the basis of growth rate, constructing campsites.
quality, value, and marketability. Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most
Trees to plant are those that are suited to the soils vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and parking
and to commercial wood production. areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm when wet,
are not dusty when dry, are not subject to flooding
recreation during the period of use, and do not have slopes or
stones or boulders that increase the cost of shaping
William H. Farmer,Jr.,district conservationist, Soil Conservation sites or of building access roads and parking areas.
Service, helped prepare this section. Playgrounds require soils that can withstand intensive
Wilson County has a nearly ideal climate, an extensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level and are not
transportation and highway system, nearly level to gently wet or subject to flooding during the season of use. The
rolling topography, numerous highly accessible water surface is free of stones and boulders, is firm after rains,
resource areas, and easily managed soils. These factors and is not dusty when dry. If grading is needed, the
combine to give Wilson County high potential for depth of the soil over bedrock or a hardpan should be
recreational development. considered.
The soils of the survey area are rated in table 7 Paths and trails for hiking, horseback riding, and
according to limitations that affect their suitability for bicycling should require little or no cutting and filling. The
recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil best soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty
features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than
surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not once a year during the period of use. They have
considered in the ratings, but important in evaluating a moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on
site, are the location and accessibility of the area, the the surface.
size and shape of the area and its scenic quality,
vegetation, access to water, potential water wildlife habitat
impoundment sites, and access to public sewerlines. The
capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent and the John P. Edwards, biologist, and William H. Farmer, Jr., district
ability of the soil to support vegetation are also conservationist, Soil Conservation Service, helped prepare this section.
important. Soils subject to flooding are limited for Wildlife habitat is diverse in Wilson County. It is
recreation use by the duration and intensity of flooding particularly well suited to small game species such as
and the season when flooding occurs. In planning quail, rabbit, dove, and squirrel. The soils throughout the
recreation facilities, onsite assessment of the height, county generally are well suited to most native and
duration, intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential. introduced plants that provide food and cover for wildlife.
In table 7, the degree of soil limitation is expressed as Deer, the only big game in the county, are numerous
slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that soil in the area west of U.S. Highway 301. The suitability of
properties are generally favorable and that limitations are the soils elsewhere in the county as habitat is not a
minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that factor. Given adequate levels of management and
limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning, protection, the soils in the entire county have high
design, or special maintenance. Severe means that soil potential for deer habitat.
properties are unfavorable and that limitations can be Waterfowl populations generally are high. Waterfowl
offset only by costly soil reclamation, special design, are numerous on Contentnea Creek, Little Contentnea
intensive maintenance, limited use, or by a combination Creek, and many other creeks in the county and in
of these measures. Toisnot Swamp. The 800-acre Buckhorn Lake, numerous

36 Soil survey
other lakes, and about 750 farm ponds provide habitat that affect the growth of grasses and legumes are depth
for wood ducks, probably the most abundant species. of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, available
Mallard, black duck, and other migratory species are water capacity, wetness, flood hazard, and slope. Soil
common in winter. temperature and soil moisture are also considerations.
Agricultural patterns in the county are highly favorable Examples of grasses and legumes are fescue, lovegrass,
for resident wildlife. Farms are relatively small, and crop switchgrass, clover, and trefoil.
fields interspersed with woodlands provide an Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally
abundance of edge habitat—field borders, hedgerows, established grasses and (orbs, including weeds. Soil
and woodland edges. This type of habitat is very properties and features that affect the growth of these
important to all the kinds of wildlife in the county. plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface
Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that is layer, available water capacity, wetness, and flood
available to wildlife as food and cover. They also affect hazard. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also
the construction of water impoundments. The kind and considerations. Examples of wild herbaceous plants are
abundance of wildlife depend largely on the amount and goldenrod, beggarweed, partridgepea, pokeweed, and
distribution of food, cover, and water. Wildlife habitat can fescue.
be created or improved by planting appropriate Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts
vegetation, by maintaining the existing plant cover, or by or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil
promoting the natural establishment of desirable plants. properties and features that affect the growth of
In table 8, the soils in the survey area are rated hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone,
according to their potential for providing habitat for the available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of
various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used in these plants are oak, poplar, dogwood, hickory, and elm.
planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas, and Coniferous plants furnish browse, seeds, and cones.
other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils that are Soil properties and features that affect the growth of
suitable for establishing, improving, or maintaining coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth of
specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in determining the root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.
the intensity of management needed for each element of Examples of coniferous plants are pine and cedar.
the habitat. Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild
The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.
very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element or Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil
kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or properties and features affecting wetland plants are
maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, and
and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of fair slope. Examples of wetland plants are smartweed, wild
indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be millet, rushes, sedges, and cattail.
established, improved, or maintained in most places. Shallow water areas have an average depth of less
Moderately intensive management is required for than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are
satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that created by dams, levees, or other water-control
limitations are severe for the designated element or kind structures. Soil properties and features affecting shallow
of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, surface
maintained in most places, but management is difficult stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples of shallow
and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates water areas are marshes, beaver ponds, waterfowl
that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are feeding areas, and wildlife ponds.
very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described in
expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat is the following paragraphs.
impractical or impossible. Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,
The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the pasture, and areas that are overgrown with grasses,
following paragraphs. herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas produce grain and
Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and seed- seed crops, grasses and legumes, and wild herbaceous
producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties and plants. The wildlife attracted to these areas include
features that affect the growth of grain and seed crops mourning dove, bobwhite quail, pheasant, cottontail, red
are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer, fox, and many songbirds.
available water capacity, wetness, slope, and flood Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of
hazard. Soil temperature and soil moisture are also deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and
considerations. Examples of grain and seed crops are associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous
corn, sorghum, wheat, oats, barley, millet, buckwheat, plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include
cowpeas, soybeans, and sunflowers. woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, and deer.
Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial grasses Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy or
and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and features swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

Wilson County, North Carolina 37
attracted to such areas are ducks, muskrat, mink, (6) locate potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and
beaver, raccoon, and redwing blackbird. topsoil; (7) plan drainage systems, irrigation systems,
ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and water
engineering conservation; and (8) predict performance of proposed
small structures and pavements by comparing the
John F. Rice, assistant state conservation engineer, and William H. performance of existing similar structures on the same or
Farmer,Jr., district conservationist, Soil Conservation Service, helped similar soils.
prepare this section. The information in the tables, along with the soil maps,
This section provides information for planning land the soil descriptions, and other data provided in this
uses related to urban development and to water survey can be used to make additional interpretations.
management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a
most limiting features are identified. The ratings are special meaning in soil science and are defined in the
given in the following tables: Building site development, Glossary.
Sanitary facilities, Construction materials, and Water
management. The ratings are based on observed building site development
performance of the soils and on the estimated data and Table 9 shows the degree and kind of soil limitations
test data in the "Soil properties" section. that affect shallow excavations, dwellings with and
Information in this section is intended for land use
planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for without basements, small commercial buildings, local
planning site investigations prior to design and roads and streets, and lawns and landscaping. The
construction. The information, however, has limitations. limitations are considered slight if soil properties and site
For example, estimates and other data generally apply features are generally favorable for the indicated use
only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or E feet and limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate
Because of the map scale, small areas of different soils if soil properties or site features are not favorable for the
may be included within the mapped areas of a specific indicated use and special planning, design, or
soil. maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the
The information is not site specific and does not limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features
eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils or are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that
for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in the special design, significant increases in construction
design and construction of engineering works. costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required.
Government ordinances and regulations that restrict Special feasibility studies may be required where the soil
certain land uses or impose specific design criteria were limitations are severe.
not considered in preparing the information in this Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a
section. Local ordinances and regulations need to be maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,
considered in planning, in site selection, and in design. utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The
Soil properties, site features, and observed ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and
performance were considered in determining the ratings observed performance of the soils. The ease of digging,
in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth to
determinations were made about grain-size distribution, bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense layer;
liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, depth to stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of the
bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 6 feet of the year that excavations can be made is affected by the
surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal high water depth to a seasonal high water table and the
table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil structure susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of the
aggregation, and soil density. Data were collected about excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is
kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the sand and silt affected by soil texture and the depth to the water table.
fractions, and the kind of adsorbed cations. Estimates Dwellings and small commercial buildings are
were made for erodibility, permeability, corrosivity, shrink- structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed
swell potential, available water capacity, and other soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family
behavioral characteristics affecting engineering uses. dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are made
This information can be used to (1) evaluate the for small commercial buildings without basements, for
potential of areas for residential, commercial, industrial, dwellings with basements, and for dwellings without
and recreation uses; (2) make preliminary estimates of basements. The ratings are based on soil properties, site
construction conditions; (3) evaluate alternative routes features, and observed performance of the soils. A high
for roads, streets, highways, pipelines, and underground water table, flooding, and shrink-swell potential can
cables; (4) evaluate alternative sites for sanitary landfills, cause the movement of footings. A high water table,
septic tank absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; (5) depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones,
plan detailed onsite investigations of soils and geology; and flooding affect the ease of excavation and

38 Soil survey
construction. Landscaping and grading that require cuts evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties, site
and fills of more than 5 to 6 feet are not considered. features, and observed performance of the soils.
Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a
and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year. They cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the
have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material, a base of effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan
gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material, and a 'nterfere with installation.
flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank absorption
limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on soil Fields, including excessively slow absorption of effluent,
properties, site features, and observed performance of surfacing of effluent, and hillside seepage, can affect
the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a high public health. Ground water can be polluted if highly
water table, flooding, large stones, and slope affect the permeable sand and gravel or fractured bedrock is less
ease of excavating and grading. Soil strength (as than 4 feet below the base of the absorption field, if
inferred from the engineering classification of the soil), slope is excessive, or if the water table is near the
shrink-swell potential, and depth to a high water table surface. There must be unsaturated soil material beneath
affect the traffic supporting capacity. the absorption field to effectively filter the effluent. Many
Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf and local ordinances require that this material be of a certain
ornamental trees and shrubs can be established and thickness.
maintained. The ratings are based on soil properties, site Waste treatment lagoons are shallow ponds
features, and observed performance of the soils. Soil constructed to hold waste while either aerobic or
reaction, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to a anaerobic bacteria decompose the solid and liquid
cemented pan, the available water capacity in the upper wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level floor
40 inches, and the content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic surrounded by cut slopes or embankments of compacted
materials affect plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, soil (fig. 8). Aerobic lagoons generally are designed to
stoniness, and the amount of sand, clay, or organic hold the waste within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Anaerobic
matter in the surface layer affect trafficability after lagoons generally are designed to hold the waste at a
vegetation is established. depth of more than 6 feet. Nearly impervious soil
sanitary facilities material for the lagoon floor and sides is required to
minimize seepage and contamination of ground water.
Table 10 shows the degree and the kind of soil Table 10 gives ratings for the natural soil that makes
limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, waste up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally, 1
treatment lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations or 2 feet of soil material below the surface layer are
are considered slight if soil properties and site features excavated to provide material for the embankments. The
are generally favorable for the indicated use and ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and
limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if observed performance of the soils. Considered in the
soil properties or site features are not favorable for the ratings are slope, permeability, a high water table, depth
indicated use and special planning, design, or to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones,
maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the and content of organic matter.
limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features Excessive seepage due to rapid permeability of the
are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that soil or a water table that is high enough to raise the level
special design, significant increases in construction of waste in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function
costs, and possibly increased maintenance are required. unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is excessive
Table 10 also shows the suitability of the soils for use or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. A high content of
as daily cover for landfills. A rating of good indicates that organic matter is detrimental to proper functioning of
soil properties and site features are favorable for the use
and good performance and low maintenance can be aerobic lagoons because it inhibits bacterial activity.
expected; fair indicates that soil properties and site Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can cause
construction problems, and large stones can hinder
features are moderately favorable for the use and one or
more soil properties or site features make the soil less compaction of the lagoon floor.
desirable than the soils rated good; and poor indicates Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is
that one or more soil properties or site features are disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of
unfavorable for the use and overcoming the unfavorable landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste is
properties requires special design, extra maintenance, or placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and covered
costly alteration. daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the site. In an
Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which area landfill, the waste is placed in successive layers on
effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil the surface of the soil. The waste is spread, compacted,
through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that and covered daily with a thin layer of soil from a source
part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is away from the site.

Wilson County, North Carolina 39
Aw
mud
Figure 8.Animal waste lagoon on Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes.
Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy remaining in the borrow area must be thick enough over
vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of ground bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water table to permit
water pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation revegetation. The soil material used as final cover for a
needs to be considered. landfill should be suitable for plants. The surface layer
The ratings in table 10 are based on soil properties, generally has the best workability, more organic matter,
site features, and observed performance of the soils. and the best potential for plants. Material from the
Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a surface layer should be stockpiled for use as the final
high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types of cover.
landfill. Texture, stones and boulders, and soil reaction
affect trench type landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the construction materials
ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth Table 11 gives information about the soils as a source
of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated of roadfill, sand, and topsoil. The soils are rated good,
slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite investigation fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and topsoil. They are
is needed. rated as a probable or improbable source of sand. The
Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is used ratings are based on soil properties and site features
to cover compacted solid waste in an area type sanitary that affect the removal of the soil and its use as
landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, transported construction material. Normal compaction, minor
to the landfill, and spread over the waste. processing, and other standard construction practices
Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope are assumed. Each soil is evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6
affect the ease of removing and spreading the material feet.
during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are Roadflll is soil material that is excavated in one place
free of large stones or excess gravel are the best cover and used in road embankments in another place. In this
for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy and are table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill for low
difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to soil blowing. embankments, generally less than 6 feet high and less
After soil material has been removed, the soil material exacting in design than higher embankments.

40 Soil survey
The ratings are for the soil material below the surface of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also evaluated is
layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed that soil the reclamation potential of the borrow area.
layers will be mixed during excavating and spreading. Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by such
Many soils have layers of contrasting suitability within properties as soil reaction, available water capacity, and
their profile. The table showing engineering index fertility. The ease of excavating, loading, and spreading
properties provides detailed information about each soil is affected by rock fragments, slope, a water table, soil
layer. This information can help determine the suitability texture, and thickness of suitable material. Reclamation
of each layer for use as roadfill. The performance of soil of the borrow area is affected by slope, a water table,
after it is stabilized with lime or cement is not considered rock fragments, bedrock, and toxic material.
in the ratings. Soils rated good have friable loamy material to a depth
The ratings are based on soil properties, site features, of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones and
and observed performance of the soils. The thickness of cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes of less
suitable material is a major consideration. The ease of than 8 percent. They are naturally fertile or respond well
excavation is affected by large stones, a high water to fertilizer and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.
table, and slope. How well the soil performs in place Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that have a
after it has been compacted and drained is determined relatively high content of clay, soils that have only 20 to
by its strength (as inferred from the engineering 40 inches of suitable material, soils that have an
classification of the soil) and shrink-swell potential. appreciable amount of gravel or stones, or soils that
Soils rated good contain significant amounts of sand have slopes of 8 to 15 percent. The soils are not so wet
or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of suitable that excavation is difficult.
material, low shrink-swell potential, few cobbles and Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less
stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less. Depth to the than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large amount
water table is more than 3 feet. Soils rated fair are more of gravel or stones, have slopes of more than 15
than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized particles and have a percent, or have a seasonal water table at or near the
plasticity index of less than 10. They have moderate surface.
shrink-swell potential, slopes of 15 to 25 percent, or The surface layer of most soils is generally preferred
many stones. Depth to the water table is 1 to 3 feet. for topsoil because of its organic matter content. Organic
Soils rated poor have a plasticity index of more than 10, matter greatly increases the absorption and retention of
a high shrink-swell potential, many stones, or slopes of moisture and nutrients for plant growth.
more than 25 percent. They are wet, and the depth to
the water table is less than 1 foot. They may have layers water management
of suitable material, but the material is less than 3 feet Table 12 gives information on the soil properties and
thick. site features that affect water management. The degree
Sand is a natural aggregate suitable for commercial and kind of soil limitations are given for pond reservoir
use with a minimum of processing. Sand is used in many areas and embankments, dikes, and levees. The
kinds of construction. Specifications for each use vary limitations are considered slight if soil properties and site
widely. In table 11, only the probability of finding material features are generally favorable for the indicated use
in suitable quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the and limitations are minor and are easily overcome;
material for specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are moderate if soil properties or site features are not
factors that affect excavation of the material. favorable for the indicated use and special planning,
The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or
sand are gradation of grain sizes (as indicated by the minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or
engineering classification of the soil), the thickness of site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to
suitable material, and the content of rock fragments. overcome that special design, significant increase in
Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification are given in the construction costs, and possibly increased maintenance
soil series descriptions. Gradation of grain sizes is given are required.
in the table on engineering index properties. This table also gives for each soil the restrictive
A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of clean features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and
sand or a layer of sand that is up to 12 percent silty diversions, and grassed waterways.
fines. This material must be at least 3 feet thick and less Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or
than 50 percent, by weight, large stones. All other soils embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low
are rated as an improbable source. Coarse fragments of seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage
soft bedrock, such as slate, are not considered to be potential is determined by the permeability of the soil
sand. and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable
Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation material. Excessive slope can affect the storage capacity
can be established and maintained. The upper 40 inches of the reservoir area.

Wilson County, North Carolina 41
Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised structures large stones, slope, and the hazard of cutbanks caving.
of soil material, generally less than 20 feet high, Availability of drainage outlets is not considered in the
constructed to impound water or to protect land against ratings.
overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of Irrigation is the controlled application of water to
material for embankment fill. The ratings apply to the soil supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The design
material below the surface layer to a depth of about 5 and management of an irrigation system are affected by
feet. It is assumed that soil layers will be uniformly mixed depth to the water table, the need for drainage, flooding,
and compacted during construction. available water capacity, intake rate, permeability,
The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural erosion hazard, and slope. The construction of a system
soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a is affected by large stones and depth to bedrock or to a
depth even greater than the height of the embankment cemented pan. The performance of a system is affected
can affect performance and safety of the embankment. by the depth of the root zone, the amount of salts or
Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to sodium, and soil reaction.
determine these properties. Terraces and diversions are embankments or a
Soil material in embankments must be resistant to combination of channels and ridges constructed across
seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable a slope to reduce erosion and conserve moisture by
compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features include
less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high content intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large stones, and
depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan affect the
of stones or boulders. A high water table affects the
amount of usable material. It also affects trafficability. construction of terraces and diversions. A restricted
rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind or water erosion,
Drainage is the removal of excess surface and
subsurface water from the soil. How easily and an excessively coarse texture, and restricted permeability
effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to adversely affect maintenance.
bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that Grassed waterways are natural or constructed
affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth to channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct
a high water table or depth of standing water if the soil is surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large
subject to ponding; slope; and susceptibility to flooding. stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock or to a
Excavating and grading and the stability of ditchbanks cemented pan affect the construction of grassed
are affected by depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, waterways.

43
soil properties
John F. Rice, assistant state conservation engineer, Soil sand, an appropriate modifier is added, for example,
Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. "gravelly." Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.
Data relating to soil properties are collected during the Classification of the soils is determined according to
course of the soil survey. The data and the estimates of the Unified soil classification system (2) and the system
soil and water features, listed in tables, are explained on adopted by the American Association of State Highway
the following pages. and Transportation Officials (1).
Soil properties are determined by field examination of The Unified system classifies soils according to
the soils and by laboratory index testing of some properties that affect their use as construction material.
benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are Soils are classified according to grain-size distribution of
followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according
made and examined to identify and classify the soils and to plasticity index, liquid limit, and organic matter
to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are taken content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW,
from some typical profiles and tested in the laboratory to GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils
determine grain-size distribution, plasticity, and as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and OH; and highly organic
compaction characteristics. These results are reported in soils as Pt. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two
table 16. groups can have a dual classification, for example, SP-
Estimates of soil properties are based on field SM.
examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the The AASHTO system classifies soils according to
survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of those properties that affect roadway construction and
similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil
observations, verify properties that cannot be estimated that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one
accurately by field observation, and help characterize of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the basis of
key soils. grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
The estimates of soil properties shown in the tables Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content
include the range of grain-size distribution and Atterberg of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in
limits, the engineering classifications, and the physical group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are
and chemical properties of the major layers of each soil. classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection.
Pertinent soil and water features also are given. If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7
groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-
engineering index properties 5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional
refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material
Table 13 gives estimates of the engineering can be indicated by a group index number. Group index
classification and of the range of index properties for the numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to
major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most soils 20 or higher for the poorest. The AASHTO classification
have layers of contrasting properties within the upper 5 for soils tested, with group index numbers in
or 6 feet. parentheses, is given in table 16.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer Rock fragments larger than 3 inches in diameter are
is indicated. The range in depth and information on other indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry-
properties of each layer are given for each soil series weight basis. The percentages are estimates determined
under "Soil series and their morphology." mainly by converting volume percentage in the field to
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the weight percentage.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are defined Percentage (of soil particles)passing designated
according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3
fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight_ The
diameter. "Loam," for example, is soil that is 7 to 27 sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard
percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074
percent sand. If a soil contains particles coarser than millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

44 Soil survey
laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area and place. Laboratory measurements of swelling of
in nearby areas and on estimates made in the field. undisturbed clods were made for the Gritney soils. For
Liquid limit and plasticity index(Atterberg limits) other soils, swelling was estimated on the basis of the
indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The kind and amount of clay minerals in the soil and on
estimates are based on test data from the survey area or measurements of similar soils.
from nearby areas and on field examination. If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to very
The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage to
plasticity index are rounded to the nearest 5 percent. buildings, roads, and other structures. Special design is
Thus, if the ranges of gradation and Atterberg limits often needed.
extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 percentage points) Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the
across classification boundaries, the classification in the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
marginal zone is omitted in the table. content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The
change is based on the soil fraction less than 2
physical and chemical properties millimeters in diameter. The classes are low, a change of
less than 3 percent; moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and high,
Table 14 shows estimates of some characteristics and more than 6 percent. Very high, greater than 9 percent,
features that affect soil behavior. These estimates are is sometimes used.
given for the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to
The estimates are based on field observations and on sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one of six
test data for these and similar soils. factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit to predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet
water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of downward and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The estimates
movement of water when the soil is saturated. They are are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and
based on soil characteristics observed in the field, organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil structure
particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability and permeability. Values of K range from 0.05 to 0.69.
is considered in the design of soil drainage systems, The higher the value the more susceptible the soil is to
septic tank absorption fields, and construction where the sheet and rill erosion by water.
rate of water movement under saturated conditions Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum
affects behavior. average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water that
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water can occur without affecting crop productivity over a
that the soil is capable of storing for use by plants. The sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
capacity for water storage is given in inches of water per Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the
inch of soil for each major soil layer. The capacity varies, soil at various stages of decomposition.
depending on soil properties that affect the retention of In table 14, the estimated content of organic matter of
water and the depth of the root zone. The most the plow layer is expressed as a percentage, by weight,
important properties are the content of organic matter, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available diameter.
water capacity is an important factor in the choice of The content of organic matter of a soil can be
plants or crops to be grown and in the design and maintained or increased by returning crop residue to the
management of irrigation systems. Available water soil. Organic matter affects the available water capacity,
capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and
actually available to plants at any given time. other nutrients for crops.
Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and is
expressed as a range in pH values. The range in pH of soil and water features
each major horizon is based on many field tests. For
many soils, values have been verified by laboratory Table 15 gives estimates of various soil and water
analyses. Soil reaction is important in selecting crops features. The estimates are used in land use planning
and other plants, in evaluating soil amendments for that involves engineering considerations.
fertility and stabilization, and in determining the risk of Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff
corrosion. from precipitation. Soils not protected by vegetation are
Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume assigned to one of four groups. They are grouped
change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume according to the intake of water when the soils are
change occurs mainly because of the interaction of clay thoroughly wet and receive precipitation from long-
minerals with water and varies with the amount and type duration storms.
of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the load on the The four hydrologic soil groups are:
soil and the magnitude of the change in soil moisture Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff
content influence the amount of swelling of soils in potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist mainly of

Wilson County, North Carolina 45
deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water saturated zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in the
transmission. soil. Indicated in table 15 are the depth to the seasonal
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when high water table; the kind of water table—that is,
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of moderately deep perched, artesian, or apparent; and the months of the
or deep, moderately well drained or well drained soils year that the water table commonly is high. A water table
that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse that is seasonally high for less than 1 month is not
texture. These soils have a moderate rate of water indicated in table 15.
transmission. An apparent water table is a thick zone of free water
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a
layer that impedes the downward movement of water or stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is
soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. An
soils have a slow rate of water transmission. artesian water table is under hydrostatic head, generally
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high beneath an impermeable layer. When this layer is
runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist penetrated, the water level rises in an uncased borehole.
chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, A perched water table is water standing above an
soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched, water
have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and table is separated from a lower one by a dry zone.
soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. Only saturated zones within a depth of about 6 feet
These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. are indicated. A plus sign preceding the range in depth
Flooding, the temporary inundation of an area, is indicates that the water table is above the surface of the
caused by overflowing streams and by runoff from soil. The first numeral in the range indicates how high
adjacent slopes. Water standing for short periods after the water rises above the surface. The second numeral
rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, nor is indicates the depth below the surface.
water in swamps and marshes.
Table 15 gives the frequency and duration of flooding Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a depth
and the time of year when flooding is most likely. of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil borings and
Frequency, duration, and probable dates of occurrence on observations during soil mapping. The rock is
are estimated. Frequency is expressed as none, rare, specified as either soft or hard. If the rock is soft or
common, occasional, and frequent. None means that fractured, excavations can be made with trenching
flooding is not probable; rare that it is unlikely but machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the rock is hard
possible under unusual weather conditions; common that or massive, blasting or special equipment generally is
it is likely under normal conditions; occasional that it needed for excavation.
occurs on an average of once or less in 2 years; and Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced
frequent that it occurs on an average of more than once electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or
in 2 years. Duration is expressed as very brief if less
than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, and long if more than 7 weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of
days. Probable dates are expressed in months; corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors as
November-May, for example, means that flooding can soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and
occur during the period November through May. electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion of
The information is based on evidence in the soil concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium
profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the soil.
deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic Special site examination and design may be needed if
matter content with increasing depth; and absence of the combination of factors creates a severe corrosion
distinctive horizons that form in soils that are not subject environment. The steel in installations that intersect soil
to flooding. boundaries or soil layers is more susceptible to corrosion
Also considered are local information about the extent than steel in installations that are entirely within one kind
and levels of flooding and the relation of each soil on of soil or within one soil layer.
the landscape to historic floods. Information on the For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed as
extent of flooding based on soil data is less specific than low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage class,
that provided by detailed engineering surveys that total acidity, electrical resistivity near field capacity, and
delineate flood-prone areas at specific flood frequency electrical conductivity of the saturation extract.
levels.
High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed
saturated zone in the soil in most years. The depth to a as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,
seasonal high water table applies to undrained soils. The acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation extract.

46
engineering index test data American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American
Table 16 shows laboratory test data for several Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the survey The tests and methods are: AASHTO classification—M
area. The pedons are typical of the series and are 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM); Unified classification—
described in the section "Soil series and their D 2487 (ASTM); Mechanical analysis—T 88 (AASHTO),
morphology." The soil samples were tested by the D 2217 (ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 423
Materials and Test Unit, North Carolina Department of (ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 424
Transportation and Highway Safety. (ASTM); Moisture density, Method A—T 99 (AASHTO), D
The testing methods generally are those of the 698 (ASTM).

47
classification of the soils
The system of soil classification used by the National there is much biological activity. Among the properties
Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories (13). and characteristics considered are particle-size class,
Beginning with the broadest, these categories are the mineral content, temperature regime, depth of the root
order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and zone, consistence, moisture equivalent, slope, and
series. Classification is based on soil properties permanent cracks. A family name consists of the name
observed in the field or inferred from those observations of a subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil
or from laboratory measurements. In table 17, the soils properties. An example is fine-loamy, mixed, thermic,
of the survey area are classified according to the Typic Hapludults.
system. The categories are defined in the following SERIES. The series consists of soils that have similar
paragraphs. horizons in their profile. The horizons are similar in color,
ORDER. Ten soil orders are recognized. The texture, structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and
differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- chemical composition, and arrangement in the profile.
forming processes and the degree of soil formation. The texture of the surface layer or of the substratum can
Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An differ within a series.
example is Ultisol.
SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders
primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil soil series and their morphology
genesis and are important to plant growth or properties
that reflect the most important variables within the In this section, each soil series recognized in the
orders. The last syllable in the name of a suborder survey area is described. The descriptions are arranged
indicates the order. An example is Udults (Ud, meaning in alphabetic order.
of humid climate, plus ult, from Ultisol). Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it
GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into great formed are identified for each series. The soil is
groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, compared with similar soils and with nearby soils of
arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic other series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of
horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; and soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is
base status. Each great group is identified by the name described. The detailed description of each soil horizon
of a suborder and by a prefix that indicates a property of follows standards in the Soil Survey Manual (10). Many
the soil. An example is Hapludults (Hapl, meaning of the technical terms used in the descriptions are
minimal horizonation, plus udults, the suborder of the defined in Soil Taxonomy (13). Unless otherwise stated,
Ultisols, which are in humid climates). colors in the descriptions are for moist soil. Following the
SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic subgroup. pedon description is the range of important
Other subgroups are intergrades or extragrades. The characteristics of the soils in the series.
typic is the central concept of the great group; it is not The map units of each soil series are described in the
necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are section "Detailed soil map units."
transitions to other orders, suborders, or great groups.
Extragrades have some properties that are not Altavista series
representative of the great group but do not indicate
transitions to any other known kind of soil. Each The Altavista series consists of moderately well
subgroup is identified by one or more adjectives drained soils that formed in alluvial sediments. These
preceding the name of the great group. The adjective soils are on stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 2
Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the great percent.
group. An example is Typic Hapludults. Typical pedon of Altavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2
FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup on percent slopes, 1.7 miles south of the Soil Conservation
the basis of physical and chemical properties and other Service office on State Road 1608, 1.5 miles south of
characteristics that affect management. Mostly the State Road 1606, 0.3 mile south on farm road, 0.1 mile
properties are those of horizons below plow depth where east, and 500 feet south:

48 Soil survey
Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) fine clay loam, or loam. The B3 horizon is sandy loam or
sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very loamy sand.
friable; common fine roots; medium acid; abrupt The C horizon is sand or loamy sand.
smooth boundary.
A2-7 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) fine Aycock series
sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very
friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy The Aycock series consists of well drained soils that
boundary. formed in Coastal Plain sediments. These soils are on
B1-12 to 19 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 4 percent.
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; Typical pedon of Aycock very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1
few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. percent slopes, 7.6 miles east of Wilson on N.C.
B21 t-19 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) Highway 42, about 300 feet south of N.C. Highway 42,
sandy clay loam; few medium distinct yellowish and 450 feet east of Gardner's School, in a field:
brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct strong brown
(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular Ap-0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) very fine
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very
pores; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth
gradual wavy boundary. boundary.
B22t-25 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) A2-7 to 11 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) very
sandy clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure;
brown (10YR 5/6), few fine distinct strong brown very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear
(7.5YR 5/6), and few medium distinct light gray wavy boundary.
(10YR 7/1) mottles; weak medium subangular 81-11 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam;
blocky structure; friable; few fine pores; few fine weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
boundary. B21 t-16 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay
B23t-36 to 45 inches; mottled light yellowish brown loam; few fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and
(2.5Y 6/4), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles;
brown (7.5YR 5/6), light gray (10YR 7/1), and weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine B22t-27 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay
pores; few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; loam; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR
gradual wavy boundary. 5/6) and common fine and medium distinct
63-45 to 51 inches; mottled light yellowish brown (2.5Y yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium
6/4), light gray (10YR 7/1), yellowish brown (10YR subangular blocky structure; friable; very strongly
5/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and yellowish red acid; clear wavy boundary.
(5YR 5/8) sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky B23t-44 to 65 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) clay
structure; friable; few fine flakes of mica; very loam; many medium and coarse faint brownish
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. yellow (10YR 6/6), common fine and medium
C-51 to 62 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) loamy sand; prominent red (2.5YR 4/8), and common medium
few medium distinct pale yellow (2.5Y 8/4) mottles; distinct gray (10YR 6/1) mottles; weak medium
massive; very friable; few fine flakes of mica; very subangular blocky structure; friable; very strongly
strongly acid. acid; gradual wavy boundary.
133-65 to 77 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) clay
The loamy Bt horizon ranges from 15 to 35 inches in loam; common medium distinct light gray (10YR
thickness. Altavista soils range from very strongly acid to 7/1), common fine and medium faint brownish
medium acid if lime has not been added. yellow (10YR 6/6), and few fine and medium
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; massive but
2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. The A2 weak medium subangular blocky structure in some
horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and places; friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy
chroma of 3 or 4. boundary.
The B horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value IIC-77 to 99 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay
of 5 to 7, and chroma of 4 to B. Gray mottles are within loam; common coarse distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR
30 inches of the surface in some places. In some places 6/8) and few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8)
the lower part of the B horizon has a gray matrix and mottles; massive; friable; very strongly acid; gradual
high chroma mottles. The B2 horizon is clay loam, sandy wavy boundary.

Wilson County, North Carolina 49
The loamy Bt horizon is 40 to 60 inches thick. The section is sandy loam, loam, or fine sandy loam or is
Aycock soils are very strongly acid or strongly acid if stratified in these textures. It can also have thin strata of
lime has not been added. sand, loamy sand, or silt loam.
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. The A2 horizon, where Chewacla series
present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 3 or 4. The Chewacla series consists of somewhat poorly
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to drained soils that formed in recent alluvial sediments
7, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is dominantly clay loam but from the Piedmont. These soils are on flood plains.
ranges to loam or silty clay loam. Mottles in shades of Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent.
red, yellow, or brown are few to common, and gray Typical pedon of Chewacla loam, in an area of
mottles are few to common in the lower part. The B3 Wehadkee and Chewacla loamy, 0.8 mile south of
horizon is variable in color. It is loam, clay loam, or silty Conner on State Road 1126, 0.9 mile west on State
clay loam. The content of plinthite may range to 5 Road 1128, 825 feet east of Turkey Creek bridge, and
percent in the lower part of the B2t horizon and in the 50 feet north of road, in woods:
B3 horizon.
The C horizon is loamy or clayey material. 01-1 inch to 0; undecomposed deciduous forest litter.
Al-0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; weak
Bibb series medium granular structure; friable; many fine and
medium roots; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid;
The Bibb series consists of poorly drained soils that clear smooth boundary.
formed in alluvial sediments. These soils are on flood B21-6 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam;
plains. Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent. common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4)
Typical pedon of Bibb loam, 0.6 mile east of the town mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
of Black Creek on State Road 1621, 2 miles south on friable; common fine and medium roots; common
State Road 1613, 75 feet west of road, in woods: fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear wavy
01-1 inch to 0; undecomposed deciduous forest litter. boundary.
A1-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; B22-15 to 21 inches, mottled pale brown (10YR 6/3),
weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and dark brown
medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky
wavy boundary. structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;
Cl g-7 to 13 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy common fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear
loam; many fine and medium faint dark grayish wavy boundary.
brown (10YR 4/2) and few fine distinct strong brown B23-21 to 35 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; common
(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; very friable; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid;
clear wavy boundary. many fine and medium roots; common fine flakes of
C2g-13 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
many medium and coarse faint grayish brown (10YR B3g-35 to 44 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam;
5/2) mottles; massive; very friable; few fine roots; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. and few medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2) mottles;
C3g-38 to 60 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy Weak fine granular structure parting to massive;
sand; common medium faint very dark grayish friable; few medium roots; common fine flakes of
brown (10YR 3/2) mottles; massive; common fine mica; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary,
and medium roots; very strongly acid. C1g-44 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam;
common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)
Bibb soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid if lime and common medium faint light gray (10YR 7/2)
has not been added. mottles; massive; friable; few medium roots;
The Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 common fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; clear
to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Al2g horizon, where wavy boundary.
present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 7, and IIC2g-50 to 58 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy
chroma of 0 to 2. The A horizon is less than 10 inches loam; massive; very friable; common fine and
thick where it is black or very dark gray. medium roots; buried, partially decomposed organic
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of material; medium acid; clear wavy boundary.
3 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. IIC3g-58 to 72 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) gravelly loamy
In some places these soils have few to many mottles sand; massive; very friable; medium acid; abrupt
of red, yellow, and brown. The 10- to 40-inch control wavy boundary.

50 Soil survey
IIIC4-72 to 85 inches; variegated dark greenish gray The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
(5GY 4/1), greenish gray (5GY 5/1), gray (5Y 5/1), of 2 to 5, and chroma of 0 to 2, or it has hue of 5Y,
and olive (5Y 5/3) loam; massive; very friable; value of 2, and chroma of 1 or 2. The Al or Ap horizon
common slate fragments; medium acid. is less than 10 inches thick where value is less than 4.
The A2 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or
The loamy B horizon ranges from 36 to more than 60 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2.
inches in thickness. Chewacla soils are strongly acid to
slightly acid if they have not been limed. Most horizons The B1 horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5,
have few to common mica flakes. and chroma of 0 to 2. It is sandy clay loam or clay loam.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 The 62t horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to
to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. 7, and chroma of 0 to 1 or hue of 5Y, value of 4 to 7,
The B21 and B22 horizons have hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, and chroma of 1. There are common to many red,
value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. The B23 and 83 brown, or yellow mottles. The Bt horizon is sandy clay,
horizons have hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and clay loam, or clay.
chroma of 1 to 4. The middle and lower parts of the B The C horizon consists of stratified loamy and clayey
horizon are mottled in some places. Gray mottles are material.
within 24 inches of the surface. The B horizon is loam,
clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silt loam.
The C horizon is loam, silt loam, sandy loam, loamy Duplin series
sand, or sand and gravel.
The Duplin series consists of moderately well drained
Coxville series soils that formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils
The Coxville series consists of poorly drained soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.
that formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are Typical pedon of Duplin sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. slopes, 0.7 mile north of Dunn's Crossroads on State
Typical pedon of Coxville sandy loam, 1.4 miles east Road 1327, 500 feet east on farm road, and 10 feet
of Sharpsburg on County Line Road, 1.2 miles south on north of road, in a field:
State Road 1002, 0.2 mile east on farm path, and 100
feet north of path, in woods: Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable;
01-1 inch to 0; partly decomposed and decomposed few fine roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth
needle leaf and deciduous litter. boundary.
A11-0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy B21t-7 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy
loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; many clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
fine and medium roots and common coarse roots; friable, slightly sticky; few fine roots; common fine
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. and medium pores; thin patchy clay films on faces
Big-2 to 7 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam; of peds; common small and medium root channels
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; filled with Ap material; strongly acid; clear wavy
common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; boundary.
clear wavy boundary.
B21tg-7 to 24 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay; B22t-21 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR sandy clay; common medium faint pale brown (10YR
6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky 6/3), few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8),
structure; firm; slightly sticky; few fine and medium and few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles;
roots; common medium pores; very strongly acid; moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
gradual wavy boundary. friable, slightly sticky; few fine roots; common fine
B22tg-24 to 65 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay; and medium pores; thick patchy clay films on faces
common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
6/8) and few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) B23t-26 to 45 inches; mottled pale brown (10YR 6/3),
mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR
structure; firm; sticky; common medium pores; very 5/8), red (2.5YR 4/8), and light gray (10YR 6/1)
strongly acid. sandy clay; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; friable, slightly sticky; common fine and
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 30 to more than 60 medium pores; thick and thin patchy clay films on
inches in thickness. Coxville soils are strongly acid or faces of pods; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
very strongly acid unless limed. boundary.

Wilson County, North Carolina 51
B24t-45 to 61 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 6/1), B21t-10 to 17 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), strong brown (7.5YR loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
5/8), and red (2,5YR 4/8 and 1OR 4/8) sandy clay; friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable to boundary.
firm in the lower part, slightly sticky; few fine and B22t-17 to 24 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
common medium pores; thick and thin patchy clay loam; common fine and medium distinct strong
films on faces of pads; very strongly acid; gradual brown (7.5YR 5/8) and few fine and medium faint
wavy boundary. light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; weak
IlCl--61 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine
sandy loam; massive; very friable; very strongly acid; roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
gradual wavy boundary. B23t-24 to 42 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay
IIC2-80 to 91 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) loam; common fine and medium distinct strong
sandy loam; common medium distinct light gray brown (7.5YR 5/8) and gray (10YR 6/1) mottles and
(10YR 6/1) mottles; massive; very friable; pockets of common fine and medium faint light yellowish brown
sandy clay loam; very strongly acid. (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid;
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 40 to more than 60 gradual wavy boundary.
inches in thickness. Duplin soils are strongly acid or very B24t-42 to 57 inches; mottled strong brown (7.5YR
strongly acid unless limed. 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), gray (10YR 6/1),
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), and red (2.5YR
of 2 to 6, and chroma of 0 to 3. Where the value is 3 or 5/8) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
less, the Ap or Al horizon is less than 10 inches thick. structure; friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy
The A2 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or boundary.
2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. B3g-57 to 83 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam;
The B1 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8),
2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and light reddish brown
clay loam or clay loam. The upper part of the B2t (2.5YR 6/4) mottles and few fine and medium
horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; weak
7, and chroma of 3 to 8. The lower part of the 132t medium subangular blocky structure; firm; very
horizon has mottles in colors similar to those in the strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
upper part of the 62t horizon. It also has gray mottles. IICg-83 to 99 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common
Gray mottles that have chroma of 2 or less are within 30 medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and
inches of the surface. The 62t horizon is sandy clay, clay brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; massive; very
loam, or clay. The B3 horizon, where present, is similar firm; sticky, plastic; very strongly acid,
in color to the lower part of the 62t horizon and is sandy The loamy Bt horizon ranges from 40 to more than 60
clay loam, clay loam, or sandy clay. inches in thickness. Exum soils are strongly acid or very
The C horizon consists of loamy or clayey material. strongly acid unless limed.
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
Exum series of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon has hue
The Exum series consists of moderately well drained of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 2 to 4.
soils that formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to
are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. 7, and chroma of 3 to 8. There are gray mottles within
Typical pedon of Exum very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 30 inches of the surface and in the lower part of the 62t
percent slopes, 4 miles east of Wilson on N.C. Highway horizon. In some places the Bt horizon is mottled in
42, 30 feet north of N.C. Highway 42, in a field: shades of brown, yellow, and gray. The B3 horizon is
similar in color and texture to the Bt horizon. The B
Ap-0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine horizon is loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very The C horizon is loamy or clayey.
friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid;
abrupt smooth boundary. Fuquay series
A2-8 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) very
fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; The Fuquay series consists of well drained soils that
very friable; common fine roots; common fine, formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
medium, and coarse bodies of Ap material; medium upper Coastal Plain uplands. Slopes ranges from 0 to 6
acid; clear wavy boundary. percent.

52 Soil survey
Typical pedon of Fuquay loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy
slopes, 1.5 miles north of Wilkerson Crossroads on N.C. loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable;
Highway 581, 0.2 mile northwest on State Road 1130, 1 many very fine and fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt
mile west on State Road 1128, and 20 feet west of road, smooth boundary.
in a field: A2-7 to 10 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very
Ap-0 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy friable; common very fine and fine roots; strongly
sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; acid; clear wavy boundary,
many fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth B21 t-10 to 15 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
boundary. sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
A2-9 to 23 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) structure; friable; few fine roots; thin patchy clay
loamy sandy; weak medium granular structure; very films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear
friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy wavy boundary.
boundary. B22t-15 to 24 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
B21 t-23 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky sandy clay loam; common fine and medium faint
structure; friable; few hard sesquioxide nodules; thin light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and common
medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles;
patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
acid; clear wavy boundary. thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly
B22t-38 to 53 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) acid; clear wavy boundary.
sandy clay loam; many medium prominent red B23t-24 to 66 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
(2.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak medium subangular sandy clay loam; common medium distinct gray
blocky structure; friable; common brittle red (2.5YR (10YR 6/1), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and red
4/6) plinthite nodules; few hard sesquioxide (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium subangular
nodules; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; blocky structure; friable; thin patchy clay films on
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary, faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
B23t-53 to 99 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 7/2), boundary.
reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8), and red (2.5YR 4/6) B3g-66 to 83 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam;
sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky common medium distinct light yellowish brown
structure; friable; red areas are brittle plinthite; thin (10YR 6/4) mottles and few fine distinct strong
patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly brown (7.5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles;
acid; diffuse wavy boundary. weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
The loamy B horizon is more than 80 inches thick. very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Fuquay soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid C-83 to 97 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay
unless limed. These soils are more than 5 percent loam; common medium distinct brownish yellow
plinthite within 60 inches of the surface. In some places, (10YR 6/8) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
a few hard iron nodules are on the surface. mottles; massive; friable; very strongly acid.
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon has hue The loamy Bt horizon ranges from 40 to more than 60
of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. inches in thickness. Goldsboro soils are strongly acid or
The B21t and B22t horizons have hue of 10YR or very strongly acid unless limed.
7.5YR, value of 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. The B23t and The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
B3 horizons are mottled in shades of red, yellow, brown, of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon has hue
or gray. The B horizon is sandy clay loam or sandy loam. of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 2 to 4.
The C horizon is loamy or clayey. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 4 to 8. Gray mottles are within 30 inches of
Goldsboro series the surface. The B3 horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5
or 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The B horizon is sandy clay
The Goldsboro series consists of moderately well loam or sandy loam.
drained soils that formed in Coastal Plain sediment. The C horizon consists of light gray or gray loamy or
These soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 clayey material.
percent.
Typical pedon of Goldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 Grantham series
percent slopes, 1.4 miles south of Elm City on State
Road 1331, 0.2 mile east on State Road 1330, 2.3 miles The Grantham series consists of poorly drained soils
south on State Road 1329, 0.3 mile north on farm path, that formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are
75 feet east of path, in a field: on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Wilson County, North Carolina 53
Typical pedon of Grantham very fine sandy loam, 1 Gritney series
mile east of Saratoga on N.C. Highway 222, 0.8 mile
northeast on State Road 1004, and 200 feet west of the The Gritney series consists of well drained or
road, in a field: moderately well drained soils that formed in Coastal
Plain sediment. These soils are on uplands. Slopes
Ap-0 to 9 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) very fine sandy range from 2 to 12 percent.
loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; Typical pedon of Gritney sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent
many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth slopes, eroded, 3.6 miles east of Wilson on N.C.
boundary. Highway 42, 3,130 feet south of N.C. Highway 42 on
Big-9 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) farm path on Peabody farm, and 20 feet east of path, in
loam; common medium distinct brownish yellow a field:
(10YR 6/8) and few fine prominent strong brown
(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular Ap-0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; very strongly loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable;
acid; clear wavy boundary. common fine and few medium roots; very strongly
B2tg-15 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; few acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) mottles, common 131-5 to 8 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay
medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
mottles, and common medium distinct brownish friable; common fine and few medium roots; very
yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak medium strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, B21 t-8 to 30 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR
slightly plastic; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy 5/8), gray (10YR 6/1), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8),
boundary. brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and red (2.5YR 4/6)
63g-50 to 63 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very
common medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR firm, slightly sticky, plastic; common fine flakes of
6/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles and mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR B22t-30 to 43 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 7/1),
6/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), strong brown (7.5YR
structure but massive in some places; friable, slightly 5/8), and red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; weak medium
sticky, slightly plastic; very strongly acid; diffuse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine
wavy boundary. flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy
Cig-63 to 81 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; few boundary.
fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) and common 63-43 to 50 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 7/1), red
medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; (2.5YR 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and
massive; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; very strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. medium subangular blocky structure grading to
IIC2g-81 to 99 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common massive; friable; common fine flakes of mica; very
medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) IlCl-50 to 76 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy
mottles, and few fine prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) loam; common fine and medium distinct brownish
mottles; massive; very firm, sticky, plastic; very yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine distinct light gray
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10YR 7/2) mottles; massive; very friable; few fine
The loamy Bt horizon ranges from 20 to 60 inches in flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy
thickness. Grantham soils are strongly acid or very boundary.
strongly acid unless limed. IIIC2g-76 to 81 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam;
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and
4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon, where present, common fine and medium prominent red (2.5YR
has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. 5/8) mottles; massive; firm; few fine flakes of mica;
Where it is black or very dark gray, the Ap or Al horizon very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
is less than 10 inches thick. IVC3g-81 to 91 inches; mottled reddish yellow (7.5YR
The B1g horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, 6/8), light gray (10YR 7/1), and brownish yellow
value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or silt (10YR 6/6) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable;
loam. The B2tg and B3g horizons have hue of 10YR, few fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid.
value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. They are loam, The clayey Bt horizon is 35 to 60 inches thick. Gritney
clay loam, or silty clay loam. soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid unless limed.
The Cg horizon is loamy or clayey.

54 Soil survey
The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or loam; many medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8)
5, and chroma of 1 to 4; or it has hue of 2.5Y, value of 4 mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky
or 5, and chroma of 2. The A2 horizon, where present, structure; friable, sticky; few fine and medium pores;
has hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. common thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; few
The B21 t horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 plinthite nodules; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, or it has mottles of these boundary.
colors. Texture is sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. B3-60 to 68 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR
The B22t and B23t horizons have hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, 6/8), red (2.5YR 4/8), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8),
value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8, or they have and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; weak
mottles in these colors. Mottles of chroma of 2 or less medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly
are in the Bt horizon or in a mottled horizon. Texture is sticky; few medium pores; few plinthite nodules; very
sandy clay, clay loam, or clay that is less than 30 strongly acid.
percent silt. The 63 horizon is mottled in hue of 2.5YR to
10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 8. Texture is The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 40 to more than 60
sandy clay loam or clay loam. inches in thickness. Marlboro soils are medium acid to
The C horizon ranges from sand to clay and is similar very strongly acid unless limed.
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or
in color to the B3 horizon. 5, and chroma of 2 to 4.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5
or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy clay, clay loam, or
Marlboro series clay. In some places the lower part of the Bt horizon and
the B3 horizon are as much as 5 percent plinthite. In the
The Marlboro series consists of well drained soils that upper part of the Bt horizon, there are few to common
mottles in shades of red, yellow, or brown. Below a
formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
depth of 50 inches, there are few to many mottles in
uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. shades of red, yellow, brown, and gray. The lower part of
Typical pedon of Marlboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent the B horizon is variable in color. It is generally sandy
slopes, 2.6 miles north of Elm City on U.S. Highway 301, clay, but it is sandy clay loam or clay in places.
80 feet west of U.S. Highway 301, in a field:
Ap-0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; Nankin series
weak medium granular structure; very friable;
common fine and few medium roots; strongly acid; The Nankin series consists of well drained soils that
clear smooth boundary. formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
B21 t-6 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 8 percent.
clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Typical pedon of Nankin sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
firm, sticky; few fine and medium roots; common fine
and medium pores; few thin patchy clay films on slopes, eroded, 0.8 mile northeast of the intersection of
faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy N.C. Highway 581 and State Road 1131 on State Road
boundary. 1131, 0.9 mile southeast and east on State Road 1137,
B22t-19 to 38 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy and 100 feet south of road, in a field:
clay; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and few
medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; Ap-0 to 5 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam;
moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine
sticky; few fine roots; common fine and few medium and medium roots; few rounded fragments of
pores; common thin patchy clay films on faces of ironstone; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. B21 t-5 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay;
B23t-38 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm,
loam; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) and slightly sticky; common fine and few medium roots;
common medium faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) few fine pores; thick patchy clay films on faces of
mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
structure; friable, sticky; few fine roots; few fine and B22t-13 to 29 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) sandy
medium pores; common thin patchy clay films on clay; common medium distinct yellowish brown
faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy (10YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak
boundary. medium subangular blocky structure grading toward
B24t-48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay weak medium platy structure; friable, slightly sticky;

Wilson County, North Carolina 55
few fine roots; few fine and medium pores; thin slightly sticky; common fine and medium roots; few
patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; very strongly
acid; gradual wavy boundary. acid; clear wavy boundary.
133-29 to 55 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) sandy clay B2t-6 to 24 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) silty clay;
loam and pockets of clay loam; common medium moderate medium subangular blocky structure;
distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and many friable, slightly sticky; few fine and common medium
coarse distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak roots; few thin patchy clay films on faces of peds;
medium subangular blocky structure grading toward very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
massive in lower part; friable; few fine and medium B3-24 to 35 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) silty clay
pores; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds; very loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure grading
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. to massive; friable, slightly sticky; few weathered
C-55 to 70 inches; mottled brown (10YR 5/3), red fragments of slate; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
(2.5YR 4/8), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy boundary.
loam; massive; friable; very strongly acid. C-35 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) silt loam in
upper part and reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) silt loam
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 20 to more than 60 in lower part; massive; friable; many weathered
inches in thickness. Nankin soils are strongly acid or fragments of slate, some harder than others; very
very strongly acid unless limed. strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary.
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value R-60 inches; slate rock.
of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 to 4. The A2 horizon, where
present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 10 to 30 inches in
chroma of 2 or 3. In places, the Al or Ap horizon has thickness. The depth to hard bedrock ranges from 40 to
few to many fragments of ironstone. 72 inches. Nason soils are strongly acid or very strongly
The B1 horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR to acid unless limed.
10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy The Al horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and
loam or sandy clay loam. The 132t horizon has hue of chroma of 2 to 4. The Ap or A2 horizon has hue of
2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. It 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6.
has few to common mottles in shades of red, yellow, The B2t horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4
and brown. It is sandy clay or clay. The B3 horizon has to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is silty clay, clay, silty clay
hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 6 loam, or clay loam that is more than 30 percent silt or
or 8. In places it is mottled in shades of red, yellow, more than 40 percent silt and very fine sand. The B3
brown, and gray. It is sandy clay loam or sandy loam. horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and
The C horizon is sandy loam, loamy sand, or sandy chroma of 4 to 8 and is mottled in places. The B3
clay loam. horizon is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, clay loam, and
the channery analogs.
The C horizon has brown and red mottles. It is silt
Nason series loam or channery silt loam and has a mixture of hard or
crushable fragments.
The Nason series consists of well drained soils that
formed in material that weathered from phyllite and slate.
These soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 12 Norfolk series
percent.
Typical pedon of Nason silt loam, 6 to 12 percent The Norfolk series consists of well drained soils that
slopes, 1.1 miles west of Wilkerson's Crossroads on formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
State Road 1142, 0.9 mile southwest on State Road uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent_
1126, and 60 feet north of road: Typical pedon of Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent
01-1 inch to 0; partly decomposed forest litter of slopes, 1.5 miles west of Stotts Crossroads on State
leaves, twigs, and pine needles. Road 1132, 600 feet north of State Road 1132, 500 feet
A11-0 to 3 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt northwest on farm road, 280 feet north of farm road, in a
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; field:
common fine and medium roots; common quartz
pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Ap-0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak
medium granular structure; very friable; few fine and
131-3 to 6 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) silty clay medium roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, boundary.

56 Soil survey
131-6 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy Typical pedon of Rains sandy loam, 2.8 miles east of
loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; Lucama on U.S. Highway 301, 100 feet north of highway
few fine roots; many fine pores; very strongly acid; on path, and 50 feet west of path, in a wooded area:
clear wavy boundary.
B21t-8 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy 01-2 inches to 0; loose needleleaf and deciduous litter.
clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky Al—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy
structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine and loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable;
few medium pores; thin discontinuous clay films on many fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly
faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
boundary. A2-8 to 15 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)
B22t-23 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sandy loam; common medium distinct dark gray
sandy clay loam; few medium distinct yellowish red (10YR 4/1) bodies of Al material; weak medium
(5YR 5/8) and few medium faint strong brown granular structure; very friable; common medium and
(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium pores; boundary.
thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very 132tg-15 to 58 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. loam; common medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) and
B23t-38 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) common fine and medium prominent strong brown
sandy clay loam; common medium faint strong (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular
brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles, few medium distinct blocky structure; friable; common medium and
yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles, and few fine coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium boundary.
subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine B3g-58 to 69 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam;
and few medium pores; thin discontinuous clay films many medium and coarse prominent brownish
on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles and common fine and
boundary. medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
B24t-50 to 65 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR mottles; common small lenses and pockets of sandy
5/8), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), yellowish red (5YR loam; massive, weak medium subangular blocky
5/8), red (2.5YR 4/8), and light gray (10YR 6/1) structure in some places; friable; few medium and
sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy
structure; friable; few fine and medium pores; thin boundary.
discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very Clg-69 to 93 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy loam;
strongly acid. common medium and coarse distinct gray (10YR
5/1) mottles, common medium prominent strong
The Bt horizon is 40 to more than 60 inches thick. brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; common medium
Norfolk soils are medium acid to very strongly acid. distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/4) mottles, few
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles, and
6, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A2 horizon has hue of few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles;
10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. massive; very friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy
The 131 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, boundary.
value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy loam or IIC2-93 to 99 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loamy
sandy clay loam. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or sand; massive; very friable; very strongly acid.
7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8. Gray The loamy B horizon is 20 to more than 60 inches
mottles are at a depth of 36 inches or more. In some thick. Rains soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid
places the lower part of the Bt horizon is mottled in unless limed.
shades of red, brown, and gray. The B3 horizon, where The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
present, is mottled in shades of gray, brown, yellow, or of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The very dark gray or
red. It is dominantly sandy clay loam but ranges to sandy black horizon is less than 10 inches thick. The A2
loam or clay loam. In places, the Bt and B3 horizons are horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and
as much as 5 percent plinthite. chroma of 1 or 2. In places, the A2 horizon has mottles
of higher chroma.
Rains series The B1 g horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or
The Rains series consists of poorly drained soils that 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy
P Y loam or fine sandy loam. The Btg horizon has hue of
formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is
uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. sandy clay loam or clay loam. In places, the lower part

Wilson County, North Carolina 57
of the Btg horizon is sandy clay. The 63g horizon has The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of
hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1. It is 2 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon, where
sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay. The Btg and present, has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
Bag horizons have few to many mottles of higher chroma of 1 or 2. Where the Al or Ap horizon is black or
chroma. very dark gray, it is less than 10 inches thick.
The C horizon is loamy or clayey. The 131 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR to
5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is silt loam,
Roanoke series silty clay loam, or clay loam. The 132t and B3 horizons
have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma
The Roanoke series consists of poorly drained soils of 1 or 2. The 62t horizon is clay, silty clay, or clay loam_
that formed in alluvial sediment. These soils are on The 63 horizon is clay loam, silty clay loam, or sandy
stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. clay loam.
Typical pedon of Roanoke loam, 2.5 miles west of The Cg horizon consists of sandy or loamy material or
Wilson on County Road 1163 and 30 feet north of road, the gravelly analogs.
in a wooded area:
01-1 inch to 0; undecomposed deciduous and Stallings series
needleleaf forest litter.
A1-0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; The Stallings series consists of somewhat poorly
weak medium granular structure; very friable; many drained soils that formed in Coastal Plain sediment.
fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; These soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 2
abrupt smooth boundary. percent.
A2g-5 to 9 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) loam; common Typical pedon of Stallings fine sandy loam, 3.4 miles
medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; northeast of Saratoga on State Road 1004, 2 miles east
weak medium granular structure; very friable; on State Road 1514, 0.5 mile south on path, and 100
common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very feet south of path, in a field:
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
B2tg-9 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay; common Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine
medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very
common fine and medium faint very pale brown friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid;
(10YR 7/3), and few fine prominent yellowish red abrupt smooth boundary.
(5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium angular blocky A2-7 to 13 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine
structure; firm, sticky and plastic; common fine and sandy loam; common medium faint light yellowish
medium roots; few medium continuous clay films on brown (10YR 6/4) and few fine distinct brownish
faces of peds; few silt skeletons on vertical faces of yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak medium
peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine
B3g-50 to 60 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; and medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth
common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR boundary.
6/6), common medium faint very pale brown (10YR B21t-13 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
7/3), and few fine prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR fine sandy loam; common medium distinct brownish
6/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky yellow (10YR 6/8) and common medium faint light
structure; firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; gray (10YR 7/2) mottles; weak medium subangular
common fine and medium roots; thin patchy clay blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; very
films on faces of peds; few silt skeletons on vertical strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy B22tg-19 to 46 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sandy
boundary, loam; many medium and coarse distinct brownish
IICg-60 to 90 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) gravelly
sandy clay loam; common medium faint very pale yellow (10YR 6/6) and common medium distinct
brown (10YR 7/3), few fine distinct brownish yellow strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium
(10YR 6/8), and few fine prominent strong brown subangular blocky structure; very friable; very
(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; massive; friable; approximately strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
35 percent gravel mostly 0.25 to 0.75 inch in B3g-46 to 68 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sandy
diameter; very strongly acid. loam; many medium and coarse distinct brownish
yellow (10YR 6/6) and common medium distinct
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 10 to 50 inches in strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; massive, weak
thickness. Roanoke soils are very strongly acid or medium subangular blocky structure in places; very
strongly acid. friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

58 Soil survey
Cg-68 to 95 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sandy 83-38 to 45 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy
loam; many coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR loam; common fine and medium prominent red
6/6) and common fine and medium distinct reddish (2.5YR 4/8) mottles and few fine faint yellow (10YR
yellow (7.5YR 6/8) mottles; strata of loamy sand are 7/6) streaks of uncoated sand; weak medium
more common with depth; massive; very friable; very subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine flakes
strongly acid. of mica and few medium opaque grains; very
strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
The Bt horizon is 20 to 40 inches thick. Stallings soils IIC1-45 to 68 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) loamy
are extremely acid to strongly acid. sand; few fine prominent light gray (10YR 7/1)
The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value mottles and many fine and medium faint brownish
of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2 horizon, where yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; massive; very friable; few
present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5YR, value of 6 to 8, and fine flakes of mica and few medium opaque grains;
chroma of 2 to 4. very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
The 821 t horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 6 or IIC2-68 to 78 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)
loamy coarse sand; single grained; loose; few fine
7, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles in chroma of 2 or less flakes of mica and few medium opaque grains; very
are common in the upper part of the 62t horizon. The strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
B22tg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, IIC3-78 to 90 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)
and chroma of 1 or 2; or hue is neutral (N), value is 5 or gravelly coarse sand; single grained; loose; very
6, and chroma is 0. The B2t horizon is sandy loam or strongly acid.
fine sandy loam. The content of silt ranges from 5 to 30
percent. The B3 horizon is similar in color to the lower The Bt horizon is 20 to 40 inches thick. State soils are
part of the B2t horizon. It is loamy sand, fine sandy very strongly acid or strongly acid. There are few to
loam, or sandy loam, and in places it has thin layers of common mica flakes throughout.
sandy clay loam. The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y,
The Cg horizon is light gray or gray loamy sand or fine value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. The A2 horizon
sandy loam. has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of
3 to 8.
State series The B1 horizon, where present, and the 132t horizon
have hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma
The State series consists of well drained soils that of 4 to 8. The 131 horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy
formed in alluvial sediment. These soils are on stream loam, or loam. The 62t horizon is sandy clay loam, loam,
terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. or clay loam. The B3 horizon is similar in color to the 132t
horizon. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. The
Typical pedon of State loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent lower part of the 62t horizon and the B3 horizon are
slopes, 0.5 mile west of Wilson on State Road 1163 to mottled in places.
State Road 1165, 400 yards southeast of intersection, in The C or IIC horizons are sandy or loamy.
a field:
Tarboro series
Ap-0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak
medium granular structure; very friable; many fine The Tarboro series consists of somewhat excessively
roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. drained soils that formed in alluvial sediment. These soils
A2-7 to 10 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) loamy sand; are on stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 5
weak medium granular structure; very friable; percent.
common fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy Typical pedon of Tarboro sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes,
boundary. 2 miles south of Wilson on State Road 1606, 1,000 feet
B21 t-10 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)
west of road on farm path, and 20 feet south of path, in
afield:
sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine flakes of Ap-0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) sand; weak
mica; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and
B22t-21 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
sandy clay loam; common fine and medium red C1-9 to 26 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand;
(2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium subangular single grained; loose; few fine roots; few fine and
blocky structure; friable; few fine flakes of mica; medium opaque grains; few fine flakes of mica;
strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Wilson County, North Carolina 59
C2-26 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; 63-36 to 43 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) silt loam; common
single grained; loose; few fine and medium opaque medium distinct white (10YR 8/2) mottles; about 25
grains; few fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual percent finely laminated saprolite that crushes easily
wavy boundary. to silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky
C3-48 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) sand; structure; friable; strongly acid; diffuse wavy
single grained; loose; few medium and coarse boundary.
opaque grains; few medium flakes of mica; strongly Cr-43 to 72 inches; mottled white (10YR 8/1), yellow
acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10YR 7/8), reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4), and red
C4-60 to 99 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) (2.5YR 4/8) slate saprolite that crushes easily to silt
gravelly sand; single grained; loose; common loam; finely laminated; many flakes of mica; strongly
medium and coarse opaque grains; common acid.
medium flakes of mica; strongly acid. The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 15 to 35 inches in
The sand is more than 80 inches thick. Reaction is thickness. Soft bedrock is at a depth of 40 to 60 inches.
strongly acid through slightly acid. The content of silt Tatum soils are strongly acid or very strongly acid unless
plus clay in the 10- to 40-inch control section ranges limed.
from 8 to 20 percent. The A horizon has hue of 10YR through 7.5YR, value
of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 8.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 The B1 and B2t horizons have hue of 2.5YR or 1OR,
to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. Texture is silty
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 clay, clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam. The B3 horizon
to 8, and chroma of 3 to 8. The C horizon is sand or has hue of 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8.
loamy sand. The substrata consist of coarse sand and In places it has mottles that have hue of 2.5YR to
gravelly layers. 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. Texture is
silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam.
Tatum series The C horizon is weathered slate that crushes to silt
loam or loam. It has common to many fine flakes of
The Tatum series consists of well drained soils that mica.
formed in residuum of felsic volcanic slate. These soils
are on uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 6 percent. Toisnot series
Typical pedon of Tatum loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes,
1.5 miles east of the Johnston County line on N.C. The Toisnot series consists of poorly drained soils that
Highway 42, 1 mile north on State Road 1125, 80 feet have a fragipan. These soils formed in Coastal Plain
east on path, and 80 feet south of path, in a field: sediment. They are on uplands and in areas adjacent to
stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.
Ap-0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Typical pedon of Toisnot loam, 5.7 miles west of
loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; Wilson on N.C. Highway 42 and 150 feet north of
many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; highway, in a cleared area:
abrupt smooth boundary. Al-0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam;
621t-5 to 25 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) silty clay; few fine common fine faint dark brown (10YR 4/3) organic
distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; stains and few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1)
moderate medium subangular and angular blocky streaks of clean sand; weak medium subangular
structure; firm, slightly sticky and plastic; few fine blocky structure; very friable; many fine, medium,
roots; thin continuous clay films on faces of peds and coarse roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy
and coating the pores; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
boundary. A2g-5 to 16 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) very fine sandy
B22t-25 to 36 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) silty clay loam; loam; common fine and medium distinct light gray
common medium distinct yellow (10YR 7/8) finely (10YR 7/1) mottles, few medium distinct dark gray
laminated pockets of saprolite; weak medium (10YR 4/1) mottles, and few medium distinct
subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak medium
slightly plastic; thin continuous clay films on faces of granular structure, massive in some places; very
peds and coating the pores; strongly acid; gradual friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots;
wavy boundary. strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

60 Soil survey
B&A-16 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) fine sandy loam; mile east on farm road, and 20 feet south of the road, in
common fine and medium distinct brownish yellow a field:
(10YR 6/8) and common fine faint very pale brown
(10YR 7/3) mottles; weak medium subangular Ap-0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy
blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable;
very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. common fine and medium roots; medium acid;
A'21x-25 to 42 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) fine sandy abrupt smooth boundary.
loam; massive, weak medium platy structure in some A2-7 to 9 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) fine sandy loam;
places; very hard and very compact, slakes on common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR
wetting; few fine roots; few fine pebbles; strongly 6/8) mottles; weak medium granular structure; very
acid; gradual irregular boundary. friable; common fine and medium roots; some
A'22x-42 to 56 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy fine mixing of Ap material; strongly acid; clear wavy
sand; massive; very hard and very compact, slakes boundary.
on wetting; few fine pebbles; strongly acid; clear B2tg-9 to 45 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam;
smooth boundary. common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR
B'2t-56 to 64 inches; mottled light gray (10YR 7/1), 6/8) and few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR
brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), and reddish yellow 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky
(7.5YR 6/8) sandy loam; massive, weak medium structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; few
subangular blocky structure in some places; very fine and medium pores; little mixing of Ap material in
friable; 5 percent fine pebbles; strongly acid; clear upper part of horizon; few fine flakes of mica; few
wavy boundary.
rounded quartz pebbles 1/4 inch in diameter; very IIC-64 to 67 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1), light strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and brownish yellow 133g-45 to 55 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam and
(10YR 6/8) gravelly loamy sand; massive; very pockets of fine sandy loam; common medium
distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and pale yellow
friable; 50 percent fine and medium pebbles; (2.5Y 7/4) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky
strongly acid. structure parting to massive; friable; few medium
The fragipan is commonly at a depth of 20 to 40 pores; few fine flakes of mica; few to common
inches, but the depth ranges from 10 to 48 inches. rounded quartz pebbles 1/4 inch in diameter; very
Toisnot soils are extremely acid to strongly acid unless strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
limed. Cg--55 to 75 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) stratified fine
The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to sandy loam and sand; massive; friable; common fine
flakes of mica; very strongly acid.
4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The A2g horizon has hue of
10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. The loamy Bt horizon ranges from 20 to 60 inches in
The B&A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 7, thickness. Tomotley soils are very strongly acid or
and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam or fine sandy strongly acid.
loam. The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of
The A'2x horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 7, and 2 to 4, and chroma of 0 to 2. Where the Ap or Al
chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam, loamy sand, horizon is black or very dark gray, it is less than 10
sandy loam, or loamy fine sand. inches thick. The A2 horizon, where present, has hue of
The B'2t horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2.
and chroma of 1 or 2. In places it is mottled in shades of The Bt and B3 horizons have hue of 10YR to 5Y,
gray, yellow, or brown. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. They have mottles
or fine sandy loam. in shades of yellow, brown, red, or gray. The Bt and B3
The IIC horizon is gray or is mottled in shades of gray, horizons are sandy clay loam, clay loam, loam, or fine
yellow, or brown. It varies in texture from loamy sand to sandy loam.
sandy clay or gravelly loamy sand. The C horizon ranges from sand to clay, and in some
places it is stratified. Mica flakes are few to common in
Tomotley series the lower part of the B horizon and in the C horizon.
The Tomotley series consists of poorly drained soils Varina series
that formed in alluvial sediment. These soils are on The Varina series consists of well drained soils that
stream terraces. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
Typical pedon of Tomotley fine sandy loam, 1.7 miles uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent.
southeast of the Soil Conservation Service office on Typical pedon of Varina loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent
State Road 1608, 1 mile south on State Road 1606, 0.2 slopes, 3.8 miles north of Wilkerson Crossroads on N.C.

Wilson County, North Carolina 61
Highway 581 to intersection with State Road 1131, 150 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 6
feet north of State Road 1131 on a path, and 75 feet to 8. The lower part of the Bt horizon and the B3 horizon
west of the path, in a field: have mottles in shades of red, gray, brown, yellow, or
white in variegated and reticulate patterns. The 62t
Ap-0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak horizon is sandy clay, clay loam, or clay. The B3 horizon
medium granular structure; very friable; many fine is sandy clay loam or sandy clay.
and medium roots; few hard sesquioxide nodules; The C horizon is mottled red, white, yellow, or gray
strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. sandy clay loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay.
A2-7 to 12 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
loamy sand; weak fine granular structure; very Wagram series
friable; common fine roots; few hard sesquioxide
nodules; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. The Wagram series consists of well drained soils that
B21t-12 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) formed in Coastal Plain sediment. These soils are on
sandy clay; few fine and medium strong brown uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent.
(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak medium subangular Typical pedon of Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent
blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few hard slopes, 1.8 miles south of Sims on State Road 1147, and
sesquioxide nodules; thin patchy clay films on faces 75 yards east of the road, in a field:
of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Ap-0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak
B22t-29 to 43 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay; medium granular structure; very friable; common fine
common medium distinct red (2.5YR 5/8) and roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) A2-7 to 26 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)
mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very
friable; few hard sesquioxide nodules; thin patchy friable; few fine roots; medium acid; clear smooth
clay films on faces of peds; 5 to 10 percent brittle boundary.
plinthite nodules; very strongly acid; clear wavy B1-26 to 29 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy
boundary. loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
B23t-43 to 65 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), red very friable; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
(1OR 4/6 and 2.5YR 4/8), and light gray (10YR 5/8) 621t-29 to 40 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
sandy clay; many medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; structure; friable; very strongly acid; gradual wavy
friable; few hard sesquioxide nodules; approximately boundary.
15 percent brittle plinthite nodules; very strongly B22t-40 to 63 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)
acid; clear wavy boundary. sandy clay loam; common medium faint reddish
B3-65 to 89 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and few medium prominent red
6/6), strong brown (7.5YR 7/1) sandy clay loam; (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium subangular
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 blocky structure; friable; common pebbles up to 0.5
to 10 percent brittle plinthite nodules; very strongly inch in diameter; very strongly acid; clear wavy
acid; gradual wavy boundary. boundary.
C-89 to 99 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), 63-63 to 83 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy
strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), red (2.5YR 4/8), and light clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown
gray (10YR 7/1) sandy loam; massive; very friable; (7.5YR 5/8) and few medium prominent red (2.5YR
very strongly acid. 4/8) mottles; massive; friable; few pebbles up to
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 45 to more than 60 0.25 inch in diameter; very strongly acid; gradual
inches in thickness. Varina soils are strongly acid or very wavy boundary.
C---83 to 99 inches; mottled red (10R 4/8) and gray
strongly acid unless limed. The depth to horizons that (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; massive; friable;
contain more than 5 percent plinthite ranges from 40 to common brittle plinthite nodules; very strongly acid.
60 inches. The content of ironstone pebbles ranges from
0 to 5 percent, by volume, in the A horizon and in the The loamy Bt horizon is 30 to more than 60 inches
upper part of the Bt horizon. thick. Wagram soils are strongly acid or very strongly
The Ap or Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value acid unless limed.
of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A2 horizon, where The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. The A2 horizon has hue
chroma of 4 to 8. of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 3 or 4.
The B1 horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value
2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is sandy of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The texture generally is
clay loam or sandy loam. The 62t horizon has hue of sandy clay loam, but it ranges to sandy loam. The B3

62 Soil survey
horizon is mottled in colors similar to those of the Bt The B horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 5 or
horizon, or it is gray. Its texture is sandy clay loam or 6, and chroma of 6 to 8. The B1 horizon is loam or
sandy loam. The lower part of the B horizon in some sandy clay loam. The 132t horizon is sandy clay, clay
places is up to 5 percent plinthite. loam, or clay. The B3 horizon is sandy clay loam, clay
The C horizon consists of mottled or gray loamy loam, or loam.
material.
Wedowee series Wehadkee series
The Wehadkee series consists of poorly drained soils
The Wedowee series consists of well drained soils that formed in material that weathered from acid that formed in alluvial sed;:-ients from soils that formed
in residuum of metamorphic and igneous rocks.
crystalline rock. These soils are on uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 10 percent. Wehadkee soils are on flood plains. Slopes range from 0
Typical pedon of Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 6 to to 2 percent.
10 percent slopes, 0.5 mile west of Conner on State Typical pedon of Wehadkee loam, in an area of
Road 1131, 680 feet south of State Road 1131, in a Wehadkee and Chewacla loams, 2.9 miles west of
wooded area: Wilson on N.C. Highway 42 to intersection with State
Road 1162, 0.8 mile south on State Road 1162, 450 feet
0-1 inch to 0; partly decomposed and undecomposed west of road and 100 feet north of Contentnea Creek:
twigs and leaves.
Al-0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) 01-1 inch to 0; deciduous forest litter.
coarse sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; A1-0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam;
friable; many fine, common medium, and few coarse weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine,
roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. medium, and coarse roots; common fine flakes of
A2-3 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
medium granular structure; friable; common fine, B21 g-7 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; common
common medium, and few coarse roots; very fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8)
131-7 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure;
clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky friable; common fine, medium, and coarse roots;
structure; friable; common fine and few medium common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid;
roots; few fine pores; very strongly acid; gradual gradual wavy boundary.
wavy boundary. B22g-25 to 58 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam;
132t-12 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy common fine and medium distinct strong brown
clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; (7.5YR 5/8) and common fine prominent yellowish
firm, slightly sticky; few fine and medium roots; red (5YR 4/8) mottles; weak medium subangular
common fine and few medium pores; common thin blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots;
patchy clay films on faces of peds; common fine common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear
flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy wavy boundary.
boundary. Cg-58 to 84 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; common
133-24 to 29 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay fine and medium distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8)
loam; common medium distinct brownish yellow and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8)
(10YR 6/8) mottles; weak medium subangular mottles; massive; friable; few fine and medium roots;
blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky; few fine roots; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid,
few fine and medium pores; common thin patchy
clay films on faces of peds; many fine flakes of The loamy B horizon ranges from 30 to more than 60
mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. inches in thickness. Wehadkee soils are very strongly
C-29 to 60 inches; mottled strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), acid to slightly acid. Most horizons contain few to many
yellow (10YR 7/6), and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) flakes of mica.
saprolite that crushes to sandy clay loam; massive; The A horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y, value
friable; very strongly acid. of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4.
The clayey Bt horizon ranges from 8 to 18 inches in The B horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6,
thickness. Wedowee soils are strongly acid or very and chroma of 0 to 2. It is sandy clay loam, silt loam,
strongly acid unless limed. loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to The C horizon is commonly sandy loam or loam. In
5, and chroma of 2. The A2 or Ap horizon has hue of places it is made up of stratified layers of sand and
10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. gravel.

Wilson County, North Carolina 63
Wilbanks series IIC2g-52 to 58 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)
sandy clay loam; massive; friable; few fine and
The Wilbanks series consists of very poorly drained medium roots and pores; very strongly acid; clear
soils that formed in alluvial sediment. These soils are on smooth boundary.
flood plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. IIC3g-58 to 63 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy
Typical pedon of Wilbanks silt loam, from the loam; common medium and coarse distinct black
intersection of N.C. Highway 42 and N.C. Highway 42 (10YR 2/1) mottles; massive; friable; few fine and
Bypass (Ward Blvd.), 0.75 mile north on N.C. 42 Bypass, medium roots and pores; very strongly acid; clear
600 feet east of N.C. 42 Bypass (behind Police smooth boundary.
Academy), 25 feet south of a dirt road: IIC4g--63 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy
sand; massive; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth
01-1 inch to 0; deciduous leaf litter. boundary.
A11-0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; IIIC5g-72 to 78 inches; greenish gray (5G 5/1) silty clay
few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8) mottles; loam; massive; firm; neutral.
weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;
many fine, medium, and coarse roots and pores; Wilbanks soils are strongly acid to extremely acid in
very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. the 10- to 40-inch control section and in the surface
Al2-5 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) clay; common coarse layer. The C horizon below a depth of 40 inches is very
distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) mottles; strongly acid to neutral. The content of organic matter in
weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm, the umbric epipedon ranges from 2 to 12 percent. The
sticky and plastic; many fine and medium roots and 10- to 40-inch control section in most places is more
pores; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. than 35 percent clay.
A13-16 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty The Al horizon has hue of 10YR or 5Y, value of 4 to
clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm, 6, and chroma of 1 or 2.
slightly sticky and plastic; many fine and medium The Al2, A13, and A14 horizons have hue of 10YR or
roots and pores; very strongly acid; gradual smooth 5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2; or they have
boundary. hue of 2.5Y, value of 3, and chroma of 2. In places, hue
is neutral (N), value is 2 or 3, and chroma is 0. These
A14---22 to 39 inches; black (N 2/0) clay; weak medium horizons are clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
subangular blocky structure in upper part grading to The AC horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR,
massive in lower part; firm, slightly sticky and plastic; value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1, and in places it has
common fine and medium roots and pores; very mottles in shades of gray or brown. It is loamy sand,
strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. loamy fine sand, or sandy loam in addition to those
IIC1g-39 to 52 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; textures of the umbric epipedon.
common fine and medium distinct reddish brown The IICg horizon is grayish or brownish sand, loamy
(5YR 4/4) mottles; massive; friable; few fine and sand, sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam to clay, or it
medium roots and pores; very strongly acid; clear is stratified. A buried A horizon is common. Marl
smooth boundary. deposits, where present, are at a depth of 5 to 7 feet.

65
formation of the soils
The combined influence of parent material, climate, streams in the county formed in material that washed
living organisms, relief, and time—the five factors of soil from the Coastal Plain uplands. Wilbanks soils in Toisnot
formation—determine the characteristics and properties Swamp probably formed in an old marine estuary.
of a soil.
climate
parent material
The climate of Wilson County is warm and humid.
Wilson County lies mostly in the Coastal Plain Summers are long and hot, and winters are short and
province. The soils formed in sandy to clayey marine mild. Rainfall is distributed fairly evenly throughout the
sediment. The western corner of the county is in the year.
Piedmont province. The soils there formed in material From November to April, precipitation exceeds
that weathered from metamorphic and igneous rock. A evapotranspiration. Rainfall either runs off the surface or
complex of parent materials commonly borders the two soaks into the ground. Percolating water leaches
provinces. The soils that formed in sediment in the nutrients and other soluble compounds. It also leaches
Coastal Plain province are on ridgetops. The soils that clay and less soluble colloids but at a slower rate. From
formed mainly in weathered material in the Piedmont
province are on hillsides. The bedrock outcrops in a few May to October, evapotranspiration exceeds
places. precipitation. Summer showers generally wet only the
The texture of a soil is determined by the content of top few inches of the soil. As a result, clay moves only a
short distance down into the soil. The combined effect of
sand, silt, and clay in the parent material (3). Marlboro,
Duplin, and Coxville soils, for example, are clayey rainfall and evapotranspiration has produced, in most
areas of the county, a clay enriched subsoil
because their parent material contained a relatively large . argillic
amount of clay. Aycock, Exum, and Grantham soils are horizon beneath a coarser textured A horizon.
silty because their parent material contained a relatively Heat and moisture advance chemical and biological
large amount of silt. Norfolk, Goldsboro, and Rains soils activity in soils. Plant debris decomposes rapidly in a
are loamy because their parent material contained a warm, humid climate. The well drained soils in Wilson
relatively even mixture of sand, silt, and clay. County contain less than 1 percent organic matter.
Three soils in the county formed in residuum of
metamorphic or igneous rock. Tatum and Nason soils organisms
formed in residuum of felsic volcanic slate, and
Wedowee soils formed in residuum of granitic rock. Plants and animals, large and small, are active forces
Parent material also influences soil mineralogy. The in the development of a soil. Organisms transfer soil
Coastal Plain deposits in the county consist mostly of material in many ways from below ground to above
kaolinitic clay and quartz sand. On the uplands, soils that ground. When a tree falls, the roots bring soil to the
formed in these deposits also consist mostly of kaolinitic surface. Ants and crayfish construct mounds that
clay and quartz sand. However, Gritney soils, formed in generally contain material from the subsoil. The moving
stratified beds of montmorillonite and vermiculite clay. animals and the growing plants blend soil ingredients
The high shrink-swell potential of the Gritney soils can into a uniform mixture. The plant roots break up stratified
be traced back to the expanding clays in the parent sediment.
material. Organisms contribute to the chemical environment
Soils on flood plains and stream terraces formed in within the soil. Old rootholes are channels for air and
material that was derived from soils on uplands. Some water. Decaying plants release nutrients and organic
eroded material from the uplands settled in upland acids. Living roots absorb water and nutrients, raise
drainageways. Some of the material moved with the carbon dioxide levels, lower oxygen levels, and increase
water and settled downstream. State and Altavista soils acidity. Deep tree roots absorb nutrients before the
on terraces and Wehadkee soils along the flood plain of nutrients leach past the root zone. But if the trees are
Contentnea Creek formed in material that washed mainly cleared for agriculture, the nutrients released by the
from the Piedmont uplands. The soils along the other decaying debris leach past the root zone of seedlings,

66
and in a few years fertilizer must be added to grow crops extremes are somewhat poorly drained to moderately
on the soils. well drained (fig. 9) (4).
Organisms also affect the color of soils. Well drained Soil drainage influences profile development.
soils are yellow and brown, and poorly drained soils are Compared to poorly drained soils, well drained soils have
mottled gray. Yellow and brown iron compounds coat a thicker A horizon and more clay in the upper part of
mineral grains. When the soil is saturated and roots and the B horizon (6).
micro-organisms use oxygen faster than it can be In the northwestern part of the county, the landscape
replenished, some iron compounds dissolve and are is sloping. Drainageways have entrenched the uplands to
translocated downward (5). The mineral grains turn gray the extent that nearly all the soils are well drained. Soils
as they lose their coatings. This is why gray mottles form on the eroding side slopes, for example, Nason and
at the depth of the seasonal high water table. Wedowee soils, are about half as thick as soils on the
stable ridgetops, for example, Varina and Fuquay soils.
relief
time
In the Coastal Plain, "landscape position" is more
relevant a term than "relief." In many places in the The soils in Wilson County are old. The nearly level
county, landscape position is the only soil forming factor Varina and Fuquay soils on the upper Coastal Plain are
that changes. The two extreme upland positions are probably millions of years old.
interstream divides and dissected ridgetops. The Most of the soils in Wilson County have well
landscape gradually becomes more dissected from the developed genetic horizons. The nearly level and gently
divide to the stream. sloping Norfolk and Wagram soils on uplands are thick
Landscape position determines soil drainage. Broad and well developed. The younger State and Altavista
interstream divides are poorly drained, dissected soils on terraces are well developed but are not so thick
ridgetops are well drained, and the soils between these as the Norfolk and Wagram soils. Bibb soils and other
NORFOLK GOLDSBORO RAINS
GRITNEY SOILS SOILS SOILS
SOILS
BIBB ~ - - ~ - - - - - -
SOILS _ _ _ _ - VJ pTER TABLE
'
SEASONAL f HIGH
0
20 S'. -20
gffl
40 -- -- _ - 40
— 5
�«yy
:'4�""- h '�s-• fit, a%i .'�.x� &
60 - - -60
Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal Seasonal
high water table high water table high water table high water table high water table
is at the surface remains below remains below is about 24" is at or near the
about 40" about 40" surface
Figure 9.—A representative landscape showing the relative location of some important soils and the depth to the seasonal high
water table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 67
soils on flood plains are younger than soils on uplands development in Wilson County has reached an
and terraces; they are not well developed. Except for the equilibrium with the environment. It also shows that soil
Tarboro soils, the soils on uplands and those on terraces horizons develop faster in a warm, humid climate than in
have a similar surface layer and subsoil even though a cool, dry climate.
there is a difference in their age. This indicates that soil

69
ref erences
(1) American Association of State Highway [and (7) Lucas, Silas. 1976. Historical sketch of Wilson
Transportation] Officials. 1970. Standard County from 1741. In Histories of early Wilson,
specifications for highway materials and methods of North Carolina. (Loose leaf.)
sampling and testing. Ed. 10, 2 vol., illus. (8) North Carolina Crop and Livestock Reporting
(2) American Society for Testing and Materials. 1974. Service and the Wilson County Board of
Method for classification of soils for engineering Commissioners. 1978. Land utilization—Wilson
purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487-69. In 1974 Annual County 1977 land utilization and crop acreages. No.
Book of ASTM Standards, Part 19, 464 pp., illus. 35, 25 pp., illus.
(9) United States Department of Agriculture. 1925. Soil
(3) Craig, R.M., R.J. McCracken and R.B. Daniels. 1972. survey of Wilson County, North Carolina. Bureau of
Soils of three parent sediments on young hillslopes Chemistry and Soils. Ser. 1925, no. 10, 32 pp., illus.
of the North Carolina Upper Coastal Plain. Soil Sci. (10) United States Department of Agriculture. 1951. Soil
114: 486-492. survey manual. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18, 503 pp.,
(4) Daniels, R.B. and E.E. Gamble. 1967. The edge illus. [Supplements replacing pp. 173-188 issued
effect in some ultisols in the North Carolina Coastal May 19621
Plain. Geoderma: 1: 117-124, illus. (11) United States Department of Agriculture. 1974.
(5) Daniels, R.B., E.E. Gamble and S.W. Buol. 1973. Forest statistics for the Northern Coastal Plain of
Oxygen content in the ground water of some North North
orth Carolina. U.S. Forest Serv. Resour. Bull. SE-
Carolina aquults and udults. Field Soil Water 30, 33 pp., illus.
Regime. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Spec. Publ. No. 5, pp. (12) United States Department of Agriculture. 1975.
153-166, illus. North Carolina's timber 1974. U.S. Forest Serv.
Resour. Bull. 5E-33, 54 pp., illus.
(6) Daniels, R.B., E.E. Gamble and L.A. Nelson. 1967. (13) United States Department of Agriculture. 1975. Soil
Relation between A2 horizon characteristics and taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
drainage in some fine-loamy ultisols. Soil Sci. 104: making and interpreting soil surveys. Soil Conserv.
364-369. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436, 754 pp., illus.

71
glossary
ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of
AC soil. A soil having only an A and a C horizon. exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,
Commonly such soil formed in recent alluvium or on expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams
steep rocky slopes. of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated
Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is
mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as synonymous with base-exchange capacity, but is
granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods more precise in meaning.
are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less
Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, deposited than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural
on land by streams. class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,
Association, soil. A group of soils geographically less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent
associated in a characteristic repeating pattern and silt.
defined and delineated as a single map unit. Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface
Available water capacity (available moisture of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root channels.
capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.
available for use by most plants. It is commonly Coarse fragments. If round, mineral or rock particles 2
defined as the difference between the amount of millimeters to 25 centimeters (10 inches) in
soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount diameter; if flat, mineral or rock particles (flagstone)
at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches 15.2 to 38.1 centimeters (6 to 15 inches) long.
of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.
a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil in
as— such an intricate pattern or so small in area that it is
Inches not practical to map them separately at the selected
Very low...................................................................0 to 3 scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the
Low...........................................................................3 to 6 soils are somewhat similar in all areas.
Moderate.................................................................6 to 9 Concretions. Grains, pellets, or nodules of various
High........................................................................9 to 12 sizes, shapes, and colors consisting of concentrated
Very high....................................................More than 12 compounds or cemented soil grains. The
Base saturation. The degree to which material having composition of most concretions is unlike that of the
cation exchange properties is saturated with surrounding soil. Calcium carbonate and iron oxide
exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, K), are common compounds in concretions.
expressed as a percentage of the total cation Consistence, soil. The feel of the soil and the ease with
exchange capacity. which a lump can be crushed by the fingers. Terms
Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and other commonly used to describe consistence are—
unconsolidated material or that is exposed at the Loose.—Noncoherent when dry or moist; does not
surface. hold together in a mass.
Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream, Friable.—When moist, crushes easily under gentle
subject to flooding. pressure between thumb and forefinger and can be
Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60 pressed together into a lump.
centimeters) in diameter. Firm.—When moist, crushes under moderate
Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. pressure between thumb and forefinger, but
The common soil cations are calcium, potassium, resistance is distinctly noticeable.
magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. Plastic.—When wet, readily deformed by moderate
pressure but can be pressed into a lump; will form a
"wire" when rolled between thumb and forefinger.

72 Soil survey
Sticky.—When wet, adheres to other material and Moderately well drained soils are wet for only a
tends to stretch somewhat and pull apart rather than short time during the growing season, but
to pull free from other material. periodically they are wet long enough that most
Hard.—When dry, moderately resistant to pressure; mesophytic crops are affected. They commonly
can be broken with difficulty between thumb and have a slowly pervious layer within or directly below
forefinger. the solum, or periodically receive high rainfall, or
Soft.—When dry, breaks into powder or individual both.
grains under very slight pressure. Somewhat poorly drained.—Water is removed slowly
Cemented.—Hard; little affected by moistening. enough that the soil is wet for significant periods
Contour striperopping. Growing crops in strips that during the growing season. Wetness markedly
follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing restricts the growth of mesophytic crops unless
crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops artificial drainage is provided. Somewhat poorly
or summer fallow. drained soils commonly have a slowly pervious
Control section. The part of the soil on which layer, a high water table, additional water from
classification is based. The thickness varies among seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or a combination
different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of of these.
the soil profile between depths of 10 inches and 40
or 80 inches. Poorly drained.—Water is removed so slowly that
Corrosive. High risk of corrosion to uncoated steel or the soil is saturated periodically during the growing
deterioration of concrete. season or remains wet for long periods. Free water
Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to is commonly at or near the surface for long enough
improve and protect the soil between periods of during the growing season that most mesophytic
regular crop production, or a crop grown between crops cannot be grown unless the soil is artificially
trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. drained. The soil is not continuously saturated in
Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the layers directly below plow depth. Poor drainage
surface for the specified use. results from a high water table, a slowly pervious
Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, layer within the profile, seepage, nearly continuous
generally a terrace, built to protect downslope areas rainfall, or a combination of these.
by diverting runoff from its natural course. Very poorly drained.—Water is removed from the
Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and soil so slowly that free water remains at or on the
duration of periods of saturation or partial saturation surface during most of the growing season. Unless
during soil formation, as opposed to altered the soil is artificially drained, most mesophytic crops
drainage, which is commonly the result of artificial cannot be grown. Very poorly drained soils are
drainage or irrigation but may be caused by the commonly level or depressed and are frequently
sudden deepening of channels or the blocking of ponded. Yet, where rainfall is high and nearly
drainage outlets. Seven classes of natural soil continuous, they can have moderate or high slope
drainage are recognized: gradients.
Excessively drained.—Water is removed from the
soil very rapidly. Excessively drained soils are Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,
commonly very coarse textured, rocky, or shallow. from an area.
Some are steep. All are free of the mottling related Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by water,
to wetness. wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by such
Somewhat excessively drained.—Water is removed processes as gravitational creep.
from the soil rapidly. Many somewhat excessively Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic
drained soils are sandy and rapidly pervious. Some processes acting over long geologic periods and
are shallow. Some are so steep that much of the resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the
water they receive is lost as runoff. All are free of building up of such landscape features as flood
the mottling related to wetness. plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion.
We#drained.—Water is removed from the soil Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid
readily, but not rapidly. It is available to plants than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of the
throughout most of the growing season, and
wetness does not inhibit growth of roots for activities of man or other animals or of a
catastrophe in nature, for example, fire, that
significant periods during most growing seasons.
Well drained soils are commonly medium textured. exposes the surface.
They are mainly free of mottling. Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the soil.
Moderately well drained.—Water is removed from The soil does not provide a source of gravel or sand
the soil somewhat slowly during some periods. for construction purposes.

Wilson County, North Carolina 73
Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide A horizon.--The mineral horizon at or near the
plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper surface in which an accumulation of humified
balance, for the growth of specified plants when organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.
light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was
factors are favorable. originally part of a B horizon.
First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream, B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A horizon.
subject to frequent or occasional flooding. The B horizon is in part a layer of transition from the
Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a overlying A to the underlying C horizon. The B
stream and is subject to flooding unless protected horizon also has distinctive characteristics such as
artificially. (1) accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a
Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in combination of these; (2) prismatic or blocky
porosity and content of organic matter and low or structure; (3) redder or browner colors than those in
moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. A the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these. The
fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. combined A and B horizons are generally called the
When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher solum, or true soil. If a soil does not have a B
bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. horizon, the A horizon alone is the solum.
When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, excluding
pressure rather than to deform slowly. indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil-
Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers forming processes and does not have the properties
especially to the processes or soil-forming factors typical of the A or B horizon. The material of a C
responsible for the formation of the solum, or true horizon may be either like or unlike that in which the
soil, from the unconsolidated parent material. solum formed. If the material is known to differ from
Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed waterway, that in the solum, the Roman numeral II precedes
typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass as the letter C.
protection against erosion. Conducts surface water R layer.—Consolidated rock beneath the soil. The
away from cropland. rock commonly underlies a C horizon, but can be
Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock up to 3 directly below an A or a B horizon.
inches (2 millimeters to 7.5 centimeters) in diameter. Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped
An individual piece is a pebble. according to their runoff-producing characteristics.
Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 50 percent, The chief consideration is the inherent capacity of
by volume, rounded or angular rock fragments, not soil bare of vegetation to permit infiltration. The
prominently flattened, up to 3 inches (7.5 slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered
centimeters) in diameter. but are separate factors in predicting runoff. Soils
Ground water (geology). Water filling all the unblocked are assigned to four groups. In group A are soils
pores of underlying material below the water table. having a high infiltration rate when thoroughly wet
Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by running and having a low runoff potential. They are mainly
water and through which water ordinarily runs only deep, well drained, and sandy or gravelly. In group
after rainfall. The distinction between a gully and a D, at the other extreme, are soils having a very slow
rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle infiltration rate and thus a high runoff potential. They
to farm machinery and is too deep to be obliterated have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,
by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser depth and can have a permanent high water table, or are shallow
be smoothed over by ordinary tillage. over nearly impervious bedrock or other material. A
Hardpan. A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer. soil is assigned to two hydrologic groups if part of
The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey and is the acreage is artificially drained and part is
cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or undrained.
other substance. Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or roots
Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is absolutely
the surface, having distinct characteristics produced impervious to air and water all the time.
by soil-forming processes. In the identification of soil Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the
horizons, an upper case letter represents the major immediate surface of soil or other material, as
horizons. Numbers or lower case letters that follow contrasted with percolation, which is movement of
represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An water through soil layers or material.
explanation of the subdivisions is given in the Soil Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates the
Survey Manual. The major horizons of mineral soil surface of the soil at any given instant, usually
are as follows: expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be
O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and decaying limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the
plant residue at the surface of a mineral soil. rate at which water is applied at the surface.

74 Soil survey
Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or Peres slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water
other material by percolating water. through the soil adversely affecting the specified
Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil use.
passes from a plastic to a liquid state. Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water
Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, to move downward through the profile. Permeability
28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less than 52 is measured as the number of inches per hour that
percent sand particles. water moves downward through the saturated soil.
Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to support Terms describing permeability are:
loads. Very slow..........................................less than 0.06 inch
Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in Slow......................................................0.06 to 0.20 inch
mineralogical composition, chemical composition, or Moderately slow.......................................0.2 to 0.6 inch
Moderate......................................0.6 inch to 2.0 inches
structure by heat, pressure, and movement. Nearly Moderately rapid.....................
............. to 6.0 inches
all such rocks are crystalline. Rapid..................................................... 6.0 to 20 inches
Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and low Very rapid.......................................more than 20 inches
in organic material. Its bulk density is more than that Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on
of organic soil. features that affect its use and management. For
Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop example, slope, stoniness, and thickness.
production and prevention of soil damage. Plasticity index. The numerical difference between the
Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no natural liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of moisture
soil and supports little or no vegetation. content within which the soil remains plastic.
Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil
including the texture, structure, porosity, changes from semisolid to plastic.
consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly
biological properties of the various horizons, and the weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other
thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles,
soil profile. usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns.
Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that vary Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone
in number and size. Mottling generally indicates poor hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated
aeration and impeded drainage. Descriptive terms wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also to
are as follows: abundance—few, common, and heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be
many, size—fine, medium, and coarse; and cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite.
contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil directly
measurements are of the diameter along the below the plowed layer.
greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed depressions.
millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 The water can be removed only by percolation or
millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, more evapotranspiration.
than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for producing
Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees of a specified plant or sequence of plants under
the three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma. specific management.
For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color of Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending
10YR hue, value of 6, and chroma of 4. through all its horizons and into the parent material.
Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value between 6.6 and Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a
7.3. (See Reaction, soil.) soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH
Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction
various stages of decomposition. because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degree of
Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the acidity or alkalinity is expressed as—
movement of water and the growth of roots. For pH
example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and Extremely acid.................................................Below 4.5
traffic pan. Very strongly acid............................................4.5 to 5.0
Strongly acid.......__.........................................5.1 to 5.5
Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and Medium acid.....................................................5.6 to 6.0
mineral material in which soil forms. Slightly acid.......................................................6.1 to 6.5
Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a Neutral...............................................................6.6 to 7.3
granule, prism, or a block. Mildly alkaline...................................................7.4 to 7.8
9 , a P Moderately alkaline..........................................7.9 to 8.4
Percolation. The downward movement of water through Strongly alkaline...............................................8.5 to 9.0
the soil. Very strongly alkaline..............................9.1 and higher

Wilson County, North Carolina 75
Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered rock Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that
and soil material on the earth's surface; the loose range in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002
earth material above the solid rock. millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05
Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80
weathered, or partly weathered mineral material that percent or more silt and less than 12 percent clay.
accumulated as consolidated rock disintegrated in Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site
place. based on the height of the dominant stand at an
Rippable. Bedrock or hardpan can be excavated using a arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average
single-tooth ripping attachment mounted on a tractor height attained by dominant and codominant trees in
with a 200-300 draw bar horsepower rating. a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75
Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a feet, the site index is 75 feet.
diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the
pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical
Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil is distance divided by horizontal distance, then
shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots. multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a
Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.
by plant roots. Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special
Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream practices are required to insure satisfactory
channels from an area. The water that flows off the performance of the soil for a specific use.
surface of the land without sinking into the soil is Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3
called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil inches (7.5 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones
before reaching surface streams is called ground- adversely affect the specified use of the soil.
water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth's
separate, individual rock or mineral surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has
Sand. As a soil se
p properties resulting from the integrated effect of
fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in climate and living matter acting on earthy parent
diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a material, as conditioned by relief over periods of
soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more time.
sand and not more than 10 percent clay. Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 mm in
Saprolite (soil science). Unconsolidated residual material equivalent diameter and ranging between specified
underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock size limits. The names and sizes of separates
below. recognized in the United States are as follows:
Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles deposited miiiime-
from suspension in water. The chief kinds of tens
sedimentary rock are conglomerate, formed from Very coarse sand.............................................2.0 to 1.0
gravel; sandstone, formed from sand; shale, formed Coarse sand..................................................... 1.0 to 0.5
Medium sand..................................................0.5 to 0.25
from clay; and limestone, formed from soft masses Fine sand......................................................0.25 to 0.10
of calcium carbonate. There are many intermediate Very fine sand..............................................0.10 to 0.05
types. Some wind-deposited sand is consolidated Silt................................................................0.05 to 0.002
into sandstone. Clay........................................................less than 0.002
Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through the Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C
soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified use. horizon, in which the processes of soil formation are
Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are active. The solum in soil consists of the A and B
almost alike, except for differences in texture of the horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the
surface layer or of the underlying material. All the material in these horizons are unlike those of the
soils of a series have horizons that are similar in underlying material. The living roots and plant and
composition, thickness, and arrangement. animal activities are largely confined to the solum.
Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a
soil material from the land surface by the action of soil. Generally it is indicative of an old weathered
rainfall and runoff water. surface. In a cross section, the line may be one
fragment or more thick. It generally overlies material
Shrink-swell. The shrinking of soil when dry and the that weathered in place and is overlain by recent
swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling can sediment of variable thickness.
damage roads, dams, building foundations, and Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60
other structures. It can also damage plant roots. centimeters) in diameter.
Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers
form is called quartz. that interfere with or prevent tillage.

76
Striperopping. Growing crops in a systematic Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat or
arrangement of strips or bands which provide undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.
vegetative barriers to wind and water erosion. Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, and
Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic textural
particles into compound particles or aggregates. The classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine
principal forms of soil structure are platy particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam,
(laminated),prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay
longer than horizontal), columnar(prisms with loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand,
rounded tops), blocky(angular or subangular), and loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be further
granular. Structureless soils are either single grained divided by specifying "coarse," "fine," or "very
(each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or massive fine."
(the particles adhering without any regular cleavage, Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material
as in many hardpans). too thin for the specified use.
Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related
the solum below plow depth. to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling emergence,
Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, and root penetration.
ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan. Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most
Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.
Subsurface layer. Technically, the A2 horizon. Generally favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily
refers to a leached horizon lighter in color and lower rich in organic matter and is used to topdress
in content of organic matter than the overlying roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.
surface layer. Upland (geology). Land at a higher elevation, in general,
Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its than the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above
equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth from the lowlands along streams.
4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently Weathering. All physical and chemical changes
designated as the "plow layer," or the "Ap horizon." produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the
Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed across earth's surface by atmospheric agents. These
sloping soils on the contour or at a slight angle to changes result in disintegration and decomposition
the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff so of the material.
that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The
prepared outlet. A terrace in a field is generally built moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at
so that the field can be farmed. A terrace intended which a plant (specifically sunflower) wilts so much
mainly for drainage has a deep channel that is that it does not recover when placed in a humid,
maintained in permanent sod. dark chamber.

77
tables

78 Soil survey
TABLE 1.--TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION
[Recorded in the period 1951-76 at Wilson, N.C.]
Temperature I Precipitation
I I
I 2 years in 1 1 12 years in 10
I I 1 10 will have-- I Average I I will have---I Average I
Month IAveragelAveragelAveragel I Inumber oflAveragel I Inumber oflAverage
I daily I daily I I Maximum I Minimum I growing I I Less I More Idays withlsnowfall
Imaximumlminimuml Itemperatureltemperaturel degree I Ithan--Ithan--10.10 inch)
I I I I higher I lower I days* I I I I or more I
I I I I than-- I than-- I I I I I I
F_ I OF I uF I OF I OF I Units I In In I In I In
I I I I I I I I I I I
January----1 52.8 1 31.2 1 42.0 1 77 1 11 I 36 1 3.70 1 2.32 1 4.94 1 7 1 2.1
I I I I I I I I I I I
February---I 55.8 1 32.9 1 44.4 1 79 1 15 1 36 I 3.92 1 2.43 1 5.26 1 7 1 0.8
I I I I I I I I I I I
March------1 62.7 I 38.5 I 50.6 1 86 1 23 1 132 1 3.99 1 2.74 1 5.12 1 7 1 0.8
I I I I I I I I I I I
April------I 73.8 47.5 I 60.7 I 92 I 30 I 321 I 3.24 11.88 1 4.44 1 6 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I
May--------I 80.4 I 56.5 1 68.5 1 96 1 38 1 574 1 3.65 1 2.10 15.02 I 8 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
June-------1 86.9 1 64.1 1 75.5 1 99 1 48 1 765 I 4.14 1 2.14 1 5.89 1 7 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
July-------1 89.6 1 68.2 1 78.9 1 99 1 55 I 896 1 6.06 1 3.14 1 8.61 I 9 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
August-----1 88.4 1 67.6 1 78.0 1 98 I 53 1 868 I 5.68 1 2.95 18.06 1 8 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
September--I 83.4 1 61.o 1 72.2 1 96 1 43 1 666 1 3.96 1 1.59 1 5.96 1 6 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
October----1 73.8 1 49.3 1 61.6 1 90 1 28 1 366 1 2.64 1 0.83 1 4.10 I 5 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
November---I 64.0 1 38.8 1 51.4 1 84 1 21 1 96 1 2.76 11.61 1 3.78 I 5 1 0.0
I I I I I I I I I I I
December---1 54.4 1 32.0 1 43.2 I 76 I 14 I 41 1 3.51 1 1.96 1 4.86 1 7
I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Yearly: I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Average--I 72.2 1 49.0 1 60.6 I --- ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Extreme--I --- I --- I --- 1 101 1 to ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Total---- 4,797 147.25 140.86 153.12 1 82 1 4.8
I I I I I I I I I I I
*A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the
maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature (50o F)
below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area.

Wilson County, North Carolina 79
TABLE 2.--FREEZE DATES IN SPRING AND FALL
[Recorded in the period 1951-76 at Wilson, N.C.]
Temperature
I
Probability I 2 F 1 280 F 1 32o F
I or lower I or lower I or lower
Last freezing I I
temperature I I I
in spring: I I I
I I I
1 year in 10 1
later than-- I March 23 1 April 8 1 April 16
I I I
2 years in 10 I 1 I
later than-- I March 14 1 April 1 1 April 12
I I I
5 years in 10 I I I
later than-- I February 25 1 March 20 1 April 4
I I I
I I I
First freezing I
temperature I I I
in fall: I I
I I I
1 year in 10 1 I
earlier than-- I November 4 1 October 27 1 October 17
I I I
2 years in 10 I I
earlier than-- I November 10 I November 2 I October 21
I I I
5 years in 10 I 1 I
earlier than-- I November 23 November 12 I October 30
I I I
TABLE 3.--GROWING SEASON
[Recorded in the period 1951-76 at Wilson, N.C.]
I Length of growing season if
I daily minimum temperature is--
Probability I Higher Higher 1 Higher
1 the I thgn I thgn
24 F 1 28 F 1 32 F
Days Days I Days
I I i
9 years in 10 1 234 1 209 1 189
I I I
8 years in 10 1 247 1 219 1 196
1 1 1
5 years in 10 1 271 1 236 1 209
I I 1
2 years in 10 1 295 1 253 1 222
1 1 1
1 year in 10 1 308 1 262 1 228
1 1 1

80 Soil survey
TABLE 4.---ACREAGE AND PROPORTIONATE EXTENT OF THE SOILS
Map Soil name I Acres (Percent
symboll I I
l i 1
AaA lAltavista fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------1 6,560 1 2.8
A,yA (Aycock very fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------1 3,615 I 1.5
AyB (Aycock very fine sandy loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes---------------------------------1 2,300 1 1.0
Ph IBibb loam--------------------------------------------------------------- -1 19,880 1 8.3
Co ICoxville sandy loam------------------------------------------------------- 4,040 1 1.7
DpA IDuplin sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------1 1,730 I 0.7
FxA IExum very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------I 4,670 1 2.0
FuB iFuquay loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------1 1,300 1 0,6
GoA IGoldsboro sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------I 17,940 1 7.5
GpA 13oldsboro-Urban land complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------I 1,470 1 0.6
Gr IGrantham very fine sandy loam------------------------------------------------------1 11,675 1 4.9
GtB2 1Gritne,y sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------------1 10,055 1 4.2
GtC2 IGritney sandy loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------------1 1,725 1 0.7
Gu iGritney-Urban land complex, 2 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------1 785 1 0.3
MaA (Marlboro loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------1 1,875 1 0.8
MaR IMarlbore loamy sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------------------------------------1 5,950 1 2.5
NaB2 1PJankin sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------------1 1,095 1 0.5
NnB IPJason silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------------1 710 1 0.3
NnC 1Nason silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes--------------------------------------------1 1,530 1 0.7
NoA (Norfolk loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------------- 27,700 1 11.6
NoB (Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------------ 24,640 1 10.3
NuR [Norfolk-Urban land complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------I 2,145 1 0.9
Qu I Pits, Quarries---------------------------------------------------------------------1 240 1 0.1
Ra IRains sandy loam-------------------------------------------------------------------1 31,090 1 13.0
Rb lRains-Urban land complex-----------------------------------------------------------I 1,420 I 0.6
Ro (Roanoke loam-----------------------------------------------------------------------I 915 1 o.4
Sa IStallings fine sandy loam----------------------------------------------------------1 445 I 0.2
StA (State loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes---------------------------------------------I 6,400 1 2.7
TaB ITarboro sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------------------------1 13490 1 o.6
Tm9 ITatum loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------------1 2,915 1 1.2
To IToisnot loam-----------------------------------------------------------------------1 43310 1 1.8
Tt ITomotley fine sandy loam-----------------------------------------------------------1 9,915 1 4.2
Ud IUdorthents, loamy------------------------------------------------------------------1 810 I 0.3
Ur (Urban land-------------------------------------------------------------------------1 1,52C 1 0.6
VaA IVarina loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------------1 405 1 0.2
VaB IVarina loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------1 1,700 1 0.7
WaR lWagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------1 11,250 1 4.7
WeP (Wedowee coarse sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------1 2,095 1 0.9
weC iWedowee coarse sandy loam, 6 to 10 percent slopes----------------------------------1 765 1 0.3
Wh IWehadkee and Chewacla loams--------------------------------------------------------1 2,980 1 1.2
Wk Wilbanks silt loam-----------------------------------------------------------------I 2,440 1 1.0
IWater---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 2,225 1 0.9
II-----------1--_----
I Total-------------------------------------------------------------------------1 238,720 1 100.0
I I I

Wilson County, North Carolina 81
TABLE S.--YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE
[Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the
soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil]
Map symbol and I I I I I I I Grass-
soil name I Corn I Tobacco I Soybeans I Oats I Wheat I Pasture Ilegume hay
I I I I I I I
Bu Lb Bu Bu Bu AUM* I Ton
AaA-----------------------1 120 1 2,600 1 45 1 --- 1 55 1 9.0 1 ---
Altavista I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
AyA-----------------------1 130 1 2,800 1 45 1 - I 60 I --- I 6.3
Aycock I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
AyB-----------------------I 120 1 2,700 1 40 1 --- I 6o I --- I 6.0
Aycock I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Bb------------------------I --- I --- I - I _ I _ 1 8.0 1 3.0
Bibb I I I I I I I
I I I I I
Co------------------------1 110 I --- I 40 I 70 I 50 1 9.0 1 ---
Coxville I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
DpA-----------------------1 110 1 2,800 1 50 1 --- 1 60 1 10.0 1 ---
Duplin I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
ExA-----------------------1 125 1 3,000 1 50 1 --- I --- 1 11.0 I 6.6
Exum I I I I I I I
FuB-----------------------I 80 I 2,400 I 30 I 60 I --- I 8.5 1 ---
Fuquay I I I I I I
I I I I I I i
GoA------------------------I 125 1 3,000 1 45 1 --- I 60 1 11.5 1 ---
Goldsboro I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
GpA-----------------------I ---
Goldsboro-Urban land I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Gr------------------------I 125 1 --- 1 45 1 --- 1 --- --- I 5.5
Grantham I I I I I
I I I I I I I
GtB2----------------------1 85 1 --- 1 35 1 --- I --- 1 5.5 1 ---
Gritney I I I I I I I
I I I I I
GtC2----------------------I --- I --- I --- I --- --- 5.0 1 ---
Gritney I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Gu------------------------I --- I --- --- I --- I --- I --- I --
Gritney-Urban land I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
MaA-----------------------1 110 1 2,500 I 40 I - --- I --- I ---
Marlboro I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
MaB-----------------------1 110 1 2,400 1 40 ---
Marlboro I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
NaB2----------------------1 50 1 1,600 1 20 1 --- I --- I --- ! ---
Nankin I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
NnB-----------------------1 90 1 --- 1 30 1 70 1 45 1 8.0 1 3.0
Nason I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
NnC-----------------------1 85 1 --- 1 30 1 65 1 45 1 7.5 1 2.5
Nason I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
NoA-----------------------1 110 I 3,000 I 40 I --- I 60 I 10.5 1 ---
Norfolk I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
NoB-----------------------1 100 1 2,900 1 35 1 --- 1 55 1 ---
No rf olk I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

82 Soil survey
TABLE 5.--YIELDS PER ACRE OF CROPS AND PASTURE=-Continued
I
Map symbol and I I I I i I Grass-
soil name I Corn I Tobacco I Soybeans I Oats I Wheat I Pasture Ilegume hay
I I I I I I
Bu Lb Bu Bu Bu AUM* Ton
NuB-----------------------I --- I --- I --- --- I --- I --- I ---
Norfolk-Urban land I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I
Pits I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Ra------------------------I 110 I 2,300 I 40 I 70 1 45 1 7.0 1 3.0
Rains I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Rb------------------------I ---
Rains-Urban land I I I I I I I
I I i i I I I
Ro------------------------I 120 I --- I 40 I 70 1 45 1 6.8 1 3.0
Roanoke I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Sa------------------------I 100 1 2,500 1 35 1 --- I --- I 8.0 I ---
Stallings I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
StA-----------------------1 130 1 3,000 1 45 1 --- I 6o I ---- 1 5.1
State I I I I I I I
I I I 1 1, 1 1
TaB-----------------------1 50 1 2,200 1 20 1 45 1 30 1 6.0 I ---
Tarboro I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
TmB-----------------------I 90 1 --- 1 30 1 70 1 50 1 8.0 1 3.0
Tatum I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
To------------------------I 75 1 --- 1 25 1 --- I --- 1 7.0 1 ---
Toisnot I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Tt-------------------------i 130 1 --- I 4o 1 70 I --- I --- I ---
Tomotley I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Ud. I I I I I I
Udorthents I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Ur. I I I I I I
Urban land I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
vaA-----------------------1 100 1 2,400 1 40 1 6o 1 45 1 8.0 1 3.o
varina I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
vaB-----------------------1 100 1 2,400 1 40 1 50 1 4o 1 7.0 1 3.0
varina I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
WaB-----------------------I 75 1 2,400 1 25 1 60 1 40 1 8.5 1 5.5
Wagram I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
WeB-----------------------I 80 I 2,100 I 35 I 80 1 45 1 8.0 1 3.0
Wedowee I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
WeC-----------------------I 75 1 2,000 1 30 1 75 1 4o 1 7.0 1 3.0
Wedowee I I I I I I
I I I I I I I
Wh-------------------------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I 8.0 I ---
Wehadkee and Chewacla I I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Wk------------------------1 100 I --- I 30 I --- I 40 1 8.0 1 3.5
Wilbanks I I I I I I I
I I I I I I
* Animal-unit-month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,
one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

Wilson County, North Carolina 83
TABLE 6.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY
[Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that
information was not available]
Management concerns Potential productivity
Map symbol and I Ordi- I I
soil name I nationl Erosion I Equipment[ Seedling I Common trees (Site I Trees to plant
I symboll hazard Ilimitationlmortality I lindexl
I I I i I I I
I I I I I I
AaA----------------I 2w ISlight (Moderate (Slight ILoblolly pine-------1 91 ILoblolly pine, yellow-
Altavista I I I I (Longleaf pine-------1 84 1 poplar, black walnut,
I I I I IShortleaf pine------1 77 1 sweetgum, American
1 I 1 1 ISweetgum------------1 84 1 sycamore, cherrybark
I I I I (White oak-----------I --- I oak.
I I I I I I I
AyA, AyB-----------I 20 ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 89 ILoblolly pine.
Aycock I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 75 1
I I 1 ISouthern red oak----1 80 1
I I I I I I I
Bb--------------------I 2w ISlight (Severe (Severe ILoblolly pine-------1 90 1Eastern cottonwood,
Bibb I I I I ISweetgum------------1 90 1 loblolly pine,
I I I I (Water oak-----------1 90 1 sweetgum, yellow-
I I I I I I I poplar.
I I I I I I I
Co-----------------I 2w ISlight ISevere (Severe ILoblolly pine-------1 90 ILoblolly pine,
Coxville I I I I (Longleaf pine-------1 71 1 sweetgum, American
I I I I Isweetgum------------1 90 1 sycamore.
I I I I (Water oak-----w____1 90 1
1 1 1 1 ]Willow oak----------I --- I
I I I I (Water tupelo----------I --- I
I I I I I I I
DpA----------------I 2w ISlight (Moderate (Moderate ILoblolly pine-------I 90 ILoblolly pine,
Duplin I I I I ISweetgum------------I --- I yellow-poplar,
I I I I IBlackgum------------I --- I American sycamore,
I I I ISouthern red oak----I --- I sweetgum.
I I I I I White oak--------------I --- I
(Yellow-poplar-------1 100 1
I I I I I I I
ExA----------------I 2w ISlight IModerate ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 90 ILoblolly pine,
Exum I I I I (Longleaf pine-------1 77 1 yellow-poplar,
I I I I ISweetgum------------1 90 1 sweetgum, American
I I I I (Yellow--poplar-------1 100 1 sycamore.
I I I I ISouthern red oak----I --- I
I I I I lWhite oak-----------I --- I
I I 1 1 1 1 1
FuB----------------1 3s ISlight [Moderate IModerate ILoblolly pine-------1 83 ILoblolly pine,
Fuquay I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 67 I longleaf pine.
I I I I I I I
GoA----------------I 2w ISlight IModerate ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 90 ILoblolly pine,
Goldsboro I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 77 1 yellow-poplar
I I I I ISweetgum------------1 90 1 American sycamore,
I I I I ISouthern red oak----I --- I sweetgum.
I I I I White oak-----------I --- I
I I I I I I I
Gr-----------------I 2w ISlight ISevere ISevere ILoblolly pine-------1 86 ILoblolly pine,
Grantham I I I I I I I sweetgum, American
I I I I I I I sycamore, yellow-
( I I I I I I poplar.
I I I I I I I
GtB2, GtC2---------I 3o ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 80 ILoblolly pine.
Gritney 1 1 1 1 ILongleaf pine-------1 65 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
MaA, MaB-----------1 30 ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------I 82 ILoblolly pine.
Marlboro I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 62 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 I
NaB2---------------I 3o ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 80 ILoblolly pine.
Nankin I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 70 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NnB, NnC-----------I 3o ISlight ISlight ISlight (Northern red oak----1 66 ILoblolly pine.
Nason I I I I IShortleaf pine------1 66 1
1 1 1 1 ILoblolly pine-------1 80 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
NoA, NoB-----------I 20 ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 86 ILoblolly pine.
Norfolk I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 68
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

84 Soil survey
TABLE 6.--WOODLAND MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY--Continued
Management concerns Potential roductivit
Map symbol and I Ordi- I I
soil name I nation) Erosion I Equipmentl Seedling I Common trees ISite I Trees to plant
I symbol) hazard llimitationlmortality I Iindexl
I I I I I i I
I I I I I I I
Ra-----------------I 2w ISlight ISevere (Severe ILoblolly pine-------1 94 ILoblolly pine,
Rains I I I I ISweetgum------------1 90 1 sweetgum, American
I I I I I I I sycamore.
I I I I I I I
Ro-----------------I 2w ISlight ISevere ISevere ILoblolly pine-------1 86 ILoblolly pine,
Roanoke I I I I (Willow oak----------1 76 1 sweetgum, yellow-
I I I I )Yellow-poplar-------I 90 1 poplar.
I I I I I I I
Sa-----------------I 3w ISlight IModerate ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 79 ILoblolly pine,
Stallings I I I I (Longleaf pine-------I --- I yellow-poplar,
I I I I ISweetgum------------I --- I American sycamore,
I I I I IYellow-popular------I ___ I sweetgum.
I I I I (Water oak-----------I --- I
I I I I I I I
StA----------------I to ISlight ISlight ISlight (Southern red oak----I 75 IBlack walnut, yellow-
State I I I I IYellow-poplar-------1 95 1 poplar, loblolly
I ILoblolly pine-------1 85 1 pine.
I I I I I I I
TaB----------------I 4s ISlight IModerate IModerate ILoblolly pine-------1 71 ILoblolly pine.
Tarboro I I I I ILongleaf pine-------I --- I
I I I I I I I
TmB----------------I 3o ISlight ISlight ISlight (Northern red oak----I 72 ILoblolly pine, yellow-
Tatum I I I I IShortleaf pine------1 68 1 poplar.
I I I I ILoblolly pine-------1 78 1
1 1 1 1 IYellow-poplar-------1 83 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
To-----------------I 3w ISlight ISevere ISevere ILoblolly pine-------1 80 ILoblolly pine,
Toisnot I I I I ISweetgum------------1 80 1 sweetgum.
I I I I I I I
Tt-----------------I 2w ISlight ISevere ISevere ILoblolly pine-------1 94 ILoblolly pine,
Tomotley 1 I I I ISweetgum------------1 90 1 sweetgum, American
I I I I (Water tupelo--------I --- I sycamore.
I I I I I I I
VaA, VaB-----------1 30 ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 85 ILoblolly pine.
Varina I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 70 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
WaB----------------I 3s ISlight IModerate IModerate ILoblolly pine-------1 82 ILoblolly pine,
Wagram I I I I ILongleaf pine-------1 67 1 longleaf pine.
I I I I I I I
WeB, WeC-----------1 30 ISlight ISlight ISlight ILoblolly pine-------1 80 ILoblolly pine,
Wedowee I I I I IShortleaf pine------1 69 1 shortleaf pine,
I I I I (Southern red oak----1 70 1 yellow-poplar.
I I I I (Northern red oak----1 68 I
1 I 1 1 (White oak-----------1 65 1
Wh*: I I I I I I I
Wehadkee----------I lw ISlight ISevere ISevere ILoblolly pine-------1 102 ILoblolly pine,
I I I I ISweetgum------------1 93 1 American sycamore,
I I I I IYellow-poplar-------1 98 1 yellow-poplar, green
I I I I (Willow oak----------1 90 1 ash, sweetgum,
I I I I (Green ash-----------1 96 1 eastern cottonwood,
I I I I (Water oak-----------1 86 1 cherrybark oak.
I I I I (White ash-----------1 88 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chewacla----------I lw ISlight IModerate IModerate ILoblolly pine-------1 96 ILoblolly pine,
I I I I IYellow-poplar-------1 104 1 American sycamore,
I I I I (American sycamore---1 90 1 yellow-poplar,
I I I I ISweetgum------------1 97 1 sweetgum, green
I I I I (Water oak-----------1 86 1 ash.
I I I I (Eastern cottonwood--I 100 1
I I I I (Green ash-----------1 97 1
I I 1 ISouthern red oak----1 90 1
I I I I I I I
Wk-----------------I lw ISlight ISevere ISevere (Water oak-----------1 100 ISweetgum, loblolly
Wilbanks I I I I ISweetgum------------1 111 1 pine, water tupelo.
I I I I IBaldcypress---------I --- I
I I I I I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

Wilson County, North Carolina 85
TABLE 7.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated]
Map symbol and I Camp areas I Picnic areas I Playgrounds I Paths and trails
soil name I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
AaA-------------------(Severe: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate:
Altavista I flooding. I wetness. I wetness, I wetness.
I I I flooding. I
1 I I I
AyA-------------------Might---------------ISlight---------------[Slight---------------ISlight.
Aycock I I I I
I I I I
AyB-------------------Might---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Aycock I I I slope. I
I I I I
Bb--------------------(Severe: (Severe: (Severe: (Severe:
Bibb I flooding, I wetness. I wetness, I wetness.
I wetness. I I flooding. I
I I I I
Co--------------------[Severe: (Severe: (Severe: (Severe:
Coxville I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I
DpA-------------------IModerate; IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Duplin I wetness, I wetness, I wetness, I
I Peres slowly. I Peres slowly. I peres slowly. I
I I I I
ExA-------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Exum I wetness, I wetness, I wetness, I
I Peres slowly. I Peres slowly. I Peres slowly. I
I I I I
FuB-------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate:
Fuquay I too sandy. I too sandy. I slope, I too sandy.
I I I too sandy. I
I I I I
GoA-------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Goldsboro I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I
GpA*: I I I I
Goldsboro------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I
Urban land. I I I
I I I I
Gr--------------------]Severe: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Grantham ] wetness. I wetness. I wetness. wetness.
I I I I
GtB2------------------IModerate- ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Gritney I Peres slowly. I I slope, I
I I I Peres slowly. I
I I I I
GtC2------------------IModerate; IModerate: ]Severe: IModerate:
Gritney I slope, I slope. I slope. I erodes easily.
I Peres slowly. I I I
I I I I
Gu*: I I I I
Gritney--------------IModerate: ISlight-----------------ISevere: ISlight.
I Peres slowly. I I slope. I
I I I I
Urban land. I I I I
I I I I
MaA-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------ISlight.
Marlboro I I 1 1
1 1 1 1
MaB-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Marlboro I I I slope. I
I I I I
NaB2------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Nankin I Peres slowly. I Peres slowly. I slope, I
I I I Peres slowly. I
I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

86 Soil survey
TABLE 7.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--Continued
Map symbol and I Camp areas I Picnic areas I Playgrounds ! Paths and trails
soil name I I I I
I I I I
I I I I
NnB-------------------ISlight---------------[Slight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Nason I I I slope, I
I i I small stones. I
I ! I I
NnC--------------------IModerate: IModerate: ISevere: (Severe:
Nason I slope. I slope. I slope. I erodes easily.
I I I I
NoA-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------ISlight.
Norfolk I I I I
I 1 1 1
NoB-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Norfolk I I I slope. I
I I I I
NuB*: I I I I
Norfolk------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
I I I slope. I
I I I I
Urban land. I I I I
I I I
Qu*. I I I I
Pits I I I
I I I I
Ra--------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Rains I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I
Rb*: I I I I
Rains----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I
Urban land. I 1 1 1
1 1 1 I
Ro--------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Roanoke I flooding, I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I wetness, I I I
I peres slowly. I I I
I I I I
Sa--------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate:
Stallings I wetness. 1 wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I
StA-------------------ISevere: ISlight---------------ISlight---------------ISlight.
State I flooding. I I I
I I I I
TaB-------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Tarboro I flooding, I too sandy. I too sandy. too sandy.
I too sandy. ! I I
I I I I
TmB-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Tatum I I I slope, I
I I I small stones. I
I I I I
To--------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Toisnot I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I ponding.
I I I 1
Tt--------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Tomotley I flooding, I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I wetness. I I I
I I I I
Ud*. I I
Udorthents I I I I
I I I I
Ur*. I I I
Urban land I I I I
I I I I
VaA-------------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Varina I peres slowly. I peres slowly. I peres slowly. I
I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 87
TABLE 7.--RECREATIONAL DEVELOPMENT--Continued
Map symbol and I Camp areas I Picnic areas I Playgrounds I Paths and trails
soil name I ( I I
I I I I
I I I I
VaB-------------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Slight.
Varina I peres slowly. I peres slowly. I slope, I
I I I peres slowly. I
I I I I
WaB-------------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate:
Wagram I too sandy. I too sandy. I slope, I too sandy.
I I I too sandy. I
I I I I
WeB-------------------ISlight---------------ISlight---------------IModerate: ISlight.
Wedowee I I I slope. I
I I 1 1
WeC-------------------IModerate: IModerate: (Severe: ISlight.
Wedowee I slope. I slope. I slope. I
I I I I
Wh*: I I I I
Wehadkee-------------ISevere: (Severe: ISevere: (Severe:
I flooding, I wetness. I wetness, I wetness.
I wetness. ) I flooding. 1
I I I I
Chewacla-------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
I flooding, I wetness. I wetness, I wetness.
I wetness. I I flooding. I
I I I I
Wk--------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Wilbanks I flooding, I wetness. I wetness, I wetness.
I wetness. I I flooding. I
I I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

88 Soil survey
TABLE 8.--WILDLIFE HABITAT
[See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates that the
soil was not rated]
Potential for habitat elements lPotential as habitat for--
Map symbol and I I Wild
soil name I Grain I Grassesl herba— IHardwoodl Conif— I Wetlandl Shallowl0penlandlWoodlandlWetland
land seedl and I ceous I trees I erous I plants I water Iwildlifelwildlifelwildlife
] crops 1 le umesl plants I I plants I I areas I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
AaA----------------IGood (Good (Good (Good (Good (Poor (Poor IGood IGood ]Poor.
Altavista I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
AyA, AyB-----------IGood (Good IGood IGood IGood (Poor (Very (Good (Good IVery
Aycock I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
Bb-----------------IVery (Poor IPoor (Poor (Poor (Good IGood (Poor lPoor. (Good.
Bibb I poor. I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I
Cc-----------------IPoor IFair (Fair (Fair (Fair (Good (Fair [Fair (Fair (Fair.
Coxville I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
DpA----------------IGood IGood IGood IGood IGood IPoor IPoor IGood (Good IPoor,
Duplin I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
ExA----------------IGood (Good IGood (Good IGood IPoor IPoor IGood IGood ]Poor.
Exum I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
FuB----------------]Fair (Good IGood IFair IFair IPoor IVery IGood IFair ]Very
Fuquay I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
GoA----------------IGood IGood IGood (Good (Good IPoor IPoor IGood IGood IPoor.
Goldsboro I I I I I I I I I
GpA*: I I I I I I I I I {
Goldsboro---------IGood (Good (Good IGood (Good IPoor IPoor IGood (Good ]Poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Gr-----------------IPoor IFair IFair IFair IFair (Good (Good IFair (Fair (Good.
Grantham I I ( I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
GtB2, GtC2---------IFair IGood (Good (Good (Good IPoor (Very IGood ]Good IVery
Gritney 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 poor. I I I poor.
Gu*: I I I I I I I I I I
Gritney------------IFair IGood IGood IGood IGood {Poor IVery IGood (Good IVery
I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
MaA, MaB-----------IGood (Good (Good IGood (Good IPoor IVery (Good IGood IVery
Marlboro I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
NaB2---------------IGood (Good IGood IGood (Good IPoor ]Very IGood IGood IVery
Nankln I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
NnB----------------]Good (Good IGood IGood [Good IPoor {Very IGood IGood IVery
Nason I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
NnC----------------IFair (Good (Good (Good ]Good IVery (Very IGood IGood (Very
Nason I I I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
NoA, NoB-------------IGood IGood IGood IGood IGood Poor IVery IGood IGood IVery
Norfolk I I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
NuB*: I I I I I I I I I I
Norfolk-----------IGood ]Good IGood IGood IGood IPoor IVery IGood IGood IVery
I ] I { I ] poor. ] 1 ! poor.
I I I I I I i I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina gg
TABLE B.--WILDLIFE HABITAT--Continued
I Potential for habitat elements lPotential as habitat for--
Map symbol and 1 Wild
soil name I Grain I Grassesl herba- lHardwoodl Conif- I Wetlandl Shallowl0penlandlWoodlandlWetland
land seed) and l crous I trees I erous I plants I water Iwildlifelwildlifelwildlife
I crops legumes lants I plants I areas I I I
I
Qu*. I I I I I I I I I
Pits I I I I l I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Ra-----------------IPoor IFair (Fair IFair IFair IGood IFair IFair IFair (Fair.
Rains I I I I I I I I I
Rb*: I I I I I I I I I
Rains--------------IFair IFair (Fair (Good IGood (Good (Good IFair (Good (Good.
I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Ro-----------------1Poor IFair IFair IFair IFair IGood (Good IFair IFair IGood.
Roanoke I I 1 1 1 1 1 I I
I I I I I I I I i
Sa-----------------IFair IGood IGood IGood IGood IFair IPoor IGood IGood IPoor.
Stallings I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
StA----------------IGood IGood IGood IGood 10ood IPoor IVery IGood 1000d (Very
State I I 1 1 1 1 1 poor. I I I poor.
I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1
TaB----------------IPoor IFair IFair IFair IFair (Very (Very IFair IFair (Very
Tarboro I I I I 1 1 poor. I poor. I I I poor.
I I I 1 1 I 1 1 I I
TmR----------------IGood IGood IGood IGood IGood IPoor ]Very IGood IGood (Very
Tatum I I I I I I I poor. I 1 I poor.
I I I I I I I I 1
To-----------------IPoor IFair IFair IFair IFair IGood IGood IFair IFair IGood.
Toisnot I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Tt-----------------IPoor IFair IFair IFair IFair IFair IFair (Fair (Fair (Fair.
Tomotley I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Ud*. I I I I I I I I I I
Udorthents I I I I I I I I I I
Ur*. II I I I I 11 I I I I
Urban land 1 I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
VaA, VaB-----------IGood IGood IGood IGood IGood IPoor IVery IGood ]Good IVery
Varina I I I I I I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
WaB----------------IGood IGood IGood IGood IGood IPoor IVery IGood IGood IVery
Wagram 1 1 I 1 I 1 1 poor. I I I poor.
I I I 1 1 1 I I I 1
WeB----------------IFair IGood IGood IGood IGood IVery IVery IGood IGood IVery
Wedowee I I I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
I I I I I I I I I I
WeC----------------lFair 10ood IGood (Good IGood IVery IVery IGood (Good IVery
Wedowee I I I I I I poor. I poor. I I I poor.
Wh*: I I I ] I ] I 1 I I
Wehadkee----------IVery IPoor IPoor IFair IFair (Good IFair IPoor IFair (Fair.
I poor. I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chewacla----------IVery (Poor Ipoor IGood (Good IFair IFair IPoor IGood IFair.
I poor. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
Wk-----------------IVery !Poor IPoor IPoor IPoor (Good 10ood IPoor IPoor IGood.
Wilbanks I poor. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

90 Soil survey
TABLE 9.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated]
Map symbol and I Shallow I Dwellings I Dwellings I Small I Local roads I Lawns and
soil name I excavations I without I with I commercial I and streets I landscaping
I I basements I basements I buildings I I
I I I I I
AaA---------------
ISevere: Isevere: Isevere: Isevere: Isevere: IModerate:
Altavista I wetness, I flooding. I flooding, I flooding. I flooding. I wetness,
I cutbanks cave.1 I wetness. I I I flooding.
I I I I I I
AyA, AyB----------IModerate: ISlight---------IModerate: (Slight---------IModerate: ISlight.
Aycock I wetness. I I wetness. I I low strength. I
I I I I I I
Bb----------------(Severe: (Severe: (Severe: (Severe: Isevere: (Severe:
Bibb I wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness, I wetness,
I I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I flooding. I flooding.
I I I I I I
Co----------------ISevere: Isevere: Isevere: (Severe: Isevere: Isevere:
Coxville I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I low strength, I wetness.
I I I I I wetness. I
I I I I I I
DpA---------------ISevere: IModerate: [Severe: IModerate: Isevere: ISlight.
Duplin I wetness. I wetness, I wetness. I wetness, I low strength. I
I I shrink-swell. I I shrink-swell. I I
I I I I I I
ExA---------------IModerate: IModerate: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Exum I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I low strength, I
I I I I I wetness. I
I I I I I I
FuB---------------ISlight---------[Slight---------IModerate: ISlight---------ISlight---------IModerate:
Fuquay I I I wetness. I I I droughty.
I I I I I I
GoA---------------ISevere: IModerate: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
Goldsboro I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
GpA*: I I I I II I
Goldsboro--------ISevere: IModerate: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: ISlight.
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Gr----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Grantham I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I low strength, I wetness.
I I I I I wetness. I
I I I I I I
GtB2--------------IModerate: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISlight.
Gritney I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell, I
I I I I I low strength. I
I I I I I I
GtC2--------------IModerate: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IModerate:
Gritney I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell, I shrink-swell, I slope.
I I I I slope. I low strength. I
I I I I I I
Gu*: I I I I I I
Gritney----------IModerate: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ]Severe: ISlight.
1 too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. 1 shrink-swell. I shrink-swell, I
I I I I I low strength. I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I
I I I I I I
MaA, MaB----------IModerate: ISlight---------ISlight---------ISlight---------IModerate: ISlight.
Marlboro I too clayey. I I I I low strength. I
I I I I I I
NaB2--------------IModerate; ISlight---------ISlight---------IModerate: ISlight---------ISlight.
Nankin I too clayey. I I I slope. I
I I I I I I
NnB---------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISevere: ISlight.
Nason I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I slope, I low strength. I
I I I I shrink-swell. I I
I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 91
TABLE 9.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT--Continued
Map symbol and I Shallow I Dwellings I Dwellings I Small I Local roads I Lawns and
soil name I excavations I without with commercial I and streets I landscaping
I I basements I basements I buildings I I
I I I I I I
NnC----------------(Moderate: IModerate: (Moderate: ISevere: ISevere: (Moderate:
Nason I slope, I slope, I slope, I slope. I low strength. I slope.
I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I I I
I I I I I I
NoA---------------IModerate: (Slight---------IModerate: ISlight---------ISlight---------(Slight.
Norfolk I wetness. I I wetness. I I I
I I I I I I
NoB---------------IModerate: ISlight---------IModerate: IModerate: ISlight---------Might.
Norfolk I wetness. I I wetness. I slope. I I
I I I I I I
NuB*: I I I I I I
Norfolk----------IModerate: (Slight---------IModerate: ISlight---------ISlight---------(Slight.
I wetness. 1 I wetness. I I I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I
I I I I I I
Qu*. I I I I I I
Pits I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Ra----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Rains I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I I I
Rb*: I I I I I I
Rains------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Ro----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Roanoke I wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness. I wetness.
I I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I I
I I I I I I
Sa----------------ISevere: IModerate: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate:
Stallings I cutbanks cave, ) wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I wetness. I I 1 I I
1 I I I I I
StA---------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: (Slight.
State I cutbanks cave. ( flooding. I flooding. I flooding. I low strength, I
I I I I flooding. I
I I I I I I
TaB---------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate:
Tarboro I cutbanks cave. ) flooding. I flooding. I flooding. I flooding. I droughty,
I I I I I too sandy.
I I I I I I
TmB----------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: ISevere: ISlight.
Tatum I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell, I low strength.
I I I I slope. I I
1 1 1 1 1 1
To----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Toisnot I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I ponding,
I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I thin layer.
I I I I I
Tt----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Tomotley I wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness. I wetness.
I I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I I
I I I I I I
Ud*. I I I I I
Udorthents I I I I
I I I I I I
Ur*. I I ( I
Urban land I I I I
I I I I I I
VaA---------------IModerate: ISlight---------IModerate: ISlight---------IModerate: IModerate:
Varina I too clayey, I I wetness. I I low strength. I droughty.
I wetness. I I I I I
I I I I I I
VaB---------------IModerate: [Slight---------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: IModerate:
Varina I too clayey, I I wetness. I slope. I low strength. I droughty.
I wetness. I I I I I
I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

92 Soil survey
TABLE 9.--BUILDING SITE DEVELOPMENT--Continued
Map symbol and I Shallow ( Dwellings I Dwellings I Small I Local roads I Lawns and
soil name I excavations I without I with commercial I and streets I landscaping
I I basements I basements I buildings I I
I I I I I I
WaB---------------Might---------Might---------Might---------(Slight---------(Slight---------(Moderate:
Wagram I I I I I I droughty.
I I I I I I
WeB---------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Severe: (Slight.
Wedowee I too clayey. I shrink-swell. I shrink-swell. 1 shrink-swell, I low strength. I
I I I I slope. I I
I I 1 1 1 1
WeC---------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Severe: ISevere: (Moderate:
Wedowee I too clayey, i shrink-swell, I slope, I slope. I low strength. I slope.
I slope. I slope. I shrink-swell. I I I
Why: I I I I I I
Wehadkee---------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
1 wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness, I wetness,
1 I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I flooding. I flooding.
I 1 1 1 1 1
Chewacla---------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
I wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I low strength, I wetness,
I I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness, I flooding.
I I I I I flooding. I
I I I I I I
Wk----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere:
Wilbanks I wetness. I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I low strength, I wetness,
I I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness, I flooding.
I I I I I flooding. I
I I I I I I
See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

Wilson County, North Carolina 93
TABLE 10.--SANITARY FACILITIES
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was
not rated]
Map symbol and I Septic tank I Waste treatment I Trench I Area I Daily cover
soil name I absorption I lagoons I sanitary I sanitary 1 for landfill
I fields I I landfill I landfill I
I I I I I
AaA------------------(Severe: ISevere: (Severe: (Severe: (Fair:
Altavista I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness.
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I seepage, I
I I I I wetness. I
I I I I I
AyA-----------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: ISlight-----------(Fair:
Aycock I wetness, I seepage, I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I peres slowly. I wetness. I I I
I I I I I
AyB-----------------IModerate: (Moderate: IModerate: ISlight-----------(Fair:
Aycock I wetness, I seepage, I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I peres slowly. I slope, I I I
I I wetness. ! I I
I I I I I
Bb------------------ISevere: ISevere: [Severe: ISevere: (Poor:
Bibb I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness.
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I I
Co------------------ISevere: ISlight------------ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Coxville I wetness, I I wetness, I wetness. I wetness.
I peres slowly. I I too clayey. I I
I I I I I
DpA-----------------ISevere: ]Slight-----------ISevere: ISevere: lFair:
Duplin I wetness, I I wetness. I wetness. I too clayey,
I peres slowly. I I I I hard to pack
I I I I I wetness.
I I I I I
ExA-----------------ISevere: (Slight-----------ISevere: ISevere: (Fair:
Exum I wetness. I I wetness. I wetness. I too clayey,
I I I I I wetness.
I I I I I
FuB-----------------IModerate: IModerate: ISlight-----------(Slight-----------(Fair:
Fuquay I peres slowly. I slope. I I I too sandy.
I I 1 1 1
GoA-----------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: (Fair:
Goldsboro I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I 1 1 1 1
GpAN: I I I I I
Goldsboro----------ISevere; ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: (Fair:
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I I
Urban land. I 1 1 I I
1 1 1 I
Gr------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IFoor:
Grantham I wetness, I wetness. I wetness. I seepage, I wetness.
I peres slowly. 1 1 1 wetness. I
I I I I I
GtB2----------------ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: (Slight-----------1Fair:
Gritney I peres slowly. I slope. I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I I I I I
GtC2----------------ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: (Fair:
Gritney I peres slowly. I slope. I too clayey. I slope. I too clayey.
I I I 1 1
Gu*: 1 1 1 1 1
Gritney------------ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: ISlight-----------(Fair:
I peres slowly. I slope. I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I
I I I I
MaA-----------------IModerate: IModerate: IModerate: (Slight-----------(Fair:
Marlboro I peres slowly. I seepage. I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I I I I i
See footnote at end of table.

94 Soil survey
TABLE 10.--SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued
Map symbol and I Septic tank I Waste treatment Trench I Area I Daily cover
soil name I absorption I lagoons I sanitary I sanitary I for landfill
I fields I I landfill I landfill
I I I I I
MaB-----------------IModerate: (Moderate: IModerate: (Slight-- ------(Fair:
Marlboro I peres slowly. I seepage, I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I I slope. I I I
I I I I I
NaB2----------------ISevere: IModerate: IModerate: (Slight-----------(Fair:
Nankin I peres slowly. I seepage, I too clayey. I I too clayey.
I I slope. I I I
I I I I I
NnB-----------------IModerate: IModerate: (Severe: IModerate: (Poor:
Nason I depth to rock, I slope, I too clayey, I depth to rock. I too clayey,
I peres slowly. I seepage, I depth to rock. I I hard to pack.
I I depth to rock. I I I
I I I I I
NnC-----------------IModerate: ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: IPoor:
Nason I slope, I slope. I too clayey, I slope, I too clayey,
I depth to rock, I I depth to rock. I depth to rock. I hard to pack.
I peres slowly. I I I I
I I I I I
NoA, NoB------------IModerate: IModerate: ISlight-----------(Slight-----------(Slight.
Norfolk I wetness. I seepage. I I I
I I I I I
NuB*: I I I I I
Norfolk------------IModerate: IModerate: ISlight-----------ISlight-----------ISlight.
I wetness. I seepage. I I I
I ! I I
Urban land. I I I I
I I I I I
Qu*. I I I I I
Pits I I I
I I I I I
Ra------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Rains I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
Rb*: I I I I II
Rains--------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I
I I I I I
Ro------------------ISevere: ISlight-----------ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Roanoke I wetness. I I wetness. I wetness. I hard to pack,
I I I I I too clayey,
I I I I I wetness.
I I I I I
Sa------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Stallings I wetness, I seepage, I seepage, I seepage, I thin layer.
I poor filter. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I I
StA-----------------IModerate; ISevere: ISevere: IModerate: (Fair:
State I wetness. I seepage. I seepage, I flooding, I too clayey,
I I I wetness. I wetness. I thin layer.
I I I I I
TaB-----------------ISevere: Isevere: Isevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Tarboro I poor filter. I seepage, I seepage, I seepage. I seepage,
I I flooding. I too sandy. I I too sandy.
I I I I I
TmB-----------------IModerate: IModerate: ISevere: IModerate: IPoor:
Tatum I depth to rock, I slope, I too clayey, I depth to rock. I too clayey,
I peres slowly. I seepage, I depth to rock. I I hard to pack.
I I depth to rock. I I I
I I I I I
To------------------ISevere: ISevere: Isevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Toisnot I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I cemented pan, I ponding, I area reclaim,
I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I cemented pan. I ponding.
I I I I I
Tt-------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Tomotley I wetness, I flooding, I wetness. I wetness. I wetness.
I peres slowly. I wetness. I I I
I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 95
TABLE 10.--SANITARY FACILITIES--Continued
Map symbol and I Septic tank I Waste treatment I Trench I Area I Daily cover
soil name I absorption I lagoons I sanitary I sanitary I for landfill
I fields I I landfill I landfill
I I I
Ud*. I I I I I
Udorthents I I I I I
Ur*. I I II I I
Urban land I I I I I
I I I I I
VaA-----------------ISevere: ISlight-----------(Moderate; Might-----------(Fair:
Varina I peres slowly. I I too clayey. I I too clayey,
I I I I I hard to pack.
I I I I I
VaB-----------------[Severe: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Slight-------- --(Fair:
Varina I peres slowly. I slope. I too clayey. I I too clayey,
I I I I hard to pack.
I I I I I
WaB-----------------ISlight-----------(Moderate: ISlight-----------(Slight-----------(Good.
Wagram I I seepage. I I I
I I I I I
WeB-----------------(Moderate: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Slight-----------(Fair:
Wedowee I peres slowly. I slope. I too clayey. I I too clayey,
I I I I I thin layer.
I I I I I
WeC-----------------(Moderate: (Severe: (Moderate: (Moderate: (Fair:
Wedowee I peres slowly, I slope. I slope, I slope. I too clayey,
I slope. I I too clayey. I I slope,
I I I I I thin layer.
Wh*: I I I I I
Wehadkee-----------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: (Severe: (Poor:
I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness.
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I I
Chewacla-----------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I wetness.
I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I wetness. I
I I I I I
Wk------------------ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: ISevere: IPoor:
Wilbanks I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, I flooding, too clayey,
I wetness, I wetness. I wetness, I wetness. I hard to pack,
peres slowly. I I too clayey. I I wetness.
I I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

96 Soil survey
TABLE 11.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"good," "fair," "poor," "probable," and "improbable." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was
not rated]
Map symbol and I Roadfill I Sand I Topsoil
soil name I I I
I I I
I I I
AaA-------------------(Fair: Ilmprobable: (Good.
Altavista I wetness, I excess fines. I
thin layer. I I
I I I
AyA, AyB--------------(Fair: Ilmprobable: (Fair:
Aycock I low strength. I excess fines. I too clayey.
I I I
Bb--------------------(Poor: (Improbable: IPoor:
Bibb I wetness. I excess fines. I wetness.
I I I
Co--------------------[Poor: (Improbable: (poor:
Coxville I wetness, I excess fines. I thin layer,
I low strength. I I wetness.
I I I
DpA-------------------(Poor: (Improbable: (Poor:
Duplin I low strength. I excess fines. I thin layer.
I I I
ExA-------------------(Fair: Ilmprobable: (Good.
Exum I wetness. I excess fines. I
I I I
FuB-------------------(Good------------------------Ilmprobable: (Fair:
Fuquay [ I excess fines. I too sandy.
I I I
GoA-------------------(Fair: Ilmprobable: (Good.
Goldsboro I wetness. I excess fines. I
I I I
GpA*: I I I
Goldsboro------------]Fair: Ilmprobable: GGood.
I wetness. I excess fines. I
I I I
Urban land. I
I I I
Gr--------------------(Poor: (Improbable: (Poor:
Grantham I low strength, I excess fines. I wetness.
I wetness. I I
I I I
GtB2, GtC2---------- IPoor: Ilmprobable: IPoor:
Gritney I shrink—swell, I excess fines. I thin layer.
I low strength. I I
I I I
Gu*: I I I
Gritney--------------IPoor: Ilmprobable: IPoor:
I shrink—swell, I excess fines. thin layer.
I low strength. I I
I I I
Urban land. I I
I I I
MaA, MaB--------------(Fair: Ilmprobable: (Poor:
Marlboro I low strength. I excess fines. I too clayey.
I I I
NaB2------------------(Good------------------------Ilmprobable: IPoor:
Nankin I I excess fines. thin layer.
I I I
NnB, NnC--------------IPoor: Ilmprobable: IPoor:
Nason I low strength. I excess fines. I thin layer.
I I I
NoA, NoB--------------(Good------------------------Ilmprobable: (Fair:
Norfolk I I excess fines. I too sandy.
I I I
NuB*: I I I
Norfolk--------------IGood------------------------(Improbable: (Fair:
I I excess fines. I too sandy.
I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 97
TABLE 11.--CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS--Continued
Map symbol and I Roadfill I Sand I Topsoil
soil name I I I
I I I
I ! I
NuB*: I I I
Urban land.
I I I
Qua. I I 1
Pits I I I
I I I
Ra--------------------IPoor: llmprobable: (Poor:
Rains I wetness. I excess fines. I wetness.
I I I
Rb*: I i I
Rains----------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
I wetness. I excess fines. I wetness.
I I I
Urban land.
I I I
Ro--------------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
Roanoke I low strength, I excess fines. I thin layer,
I wetness. I I wetness.
I I I
Sa--------------------(Fair: IProbable--------------------(Good.
Stallings I wetness. I
I I I
StA-------------------(Fair: llmprobable: (Fair:
State I low strength. I thin layer. I too clayey.
I I I
TaB-------------------IGood------------------------(Probable--------------------IPoor:
Tarboro I I I too sandy.
I I I
TmB-------------------IPoor: (Improbable: IPoor:
Tatum I low strength. I excess fines. I thin layer.
I ! I
To--------------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
Toisnot I wetness. I excess fines. I wetness,
I I I area reclaim.
I I
Tt--------------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
Tomotley ( wetness. I excess fines. I wetness.
I I I
Ud*. I I I
Udorthents I 1
Uri. I I
Urban land I I I
I I I
VaA, VaB--------------(Fair: llmprobable: IPoor:
Varina I low strength. I excess fines. I thin layer.
I I I
WaB-------------------IGood------------------------llmprobable: (Fair:
Wagram I I excess fines. I too sandy.
I I I
WeB, WeC--------------IPoor: (Improbable: IPoor:
Wedowee I low strength. I excess fines. I thin layer.
I I I
Wh*: I I I
Wehadkee-------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
I wetness. I excess fines. I wetness.
I I
Chewaela-------------IPoor: llmprobable: IPoor:
I low strength, I excess fines. I wetness.
I wetness. I I
I I I
Wk--------------------IPoor: (Improbable: IPoor:
Wilbanks I low strength, I excess fines. I thin layer,
I wetness. I I wetness.
I I I
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

98 Soil survey
TABLE 12.--WATEH MANAGEMENT
[Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of
"slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated]
Limitations for-- Features affectin --
Map symbol and I Pond Embankments, Terraces
soil name reservoir I dikes, and Drainage Irrigation I and I Grassed
I areas I levees I I I diversions I waterways
I I I I I I
I I I I I I
AaA---------------IModerate: IModerate: 1Flooding-------1Wetness--------(Wetness--------IFavorable.
Altavista I seepage. I wetness. I I I 1
I I I I I I
AyA, AyB-----------IModerate: IModerate: IDeep to water (Erodes easily (Erodes easily (Erodes easily.
Aycock I seepage. I piping.
I I I I I I
Bb----------------IModerate: (Severe: IFlooding-------(Wetness, (Wetness--------(Wetness.
Bibb I seepage. I piping, I I flooding. I I
I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I
Co----------------IS11ght---------(Severe: IFavorable------IWetness--------(Wetness--------(Wetness.
Coxville I I wetness. 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
DpA---------------(Slight---------[Moderate: IFavorable------1Wetness--------(Wetness--------IFavorable.
Duplin I I piping, I I I
I I hard to pack, I I I
I I wetness. I I I
I I I
ExA---------------IModerate: IModerate: IFavorable------]Wetness, (Erodes easily, (Erodes easily.
Fxum I seepage. 1 piping, I I erodes easily. ( wetness. I
I I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
FuB---------------ISlight---------ISlight---------IDeep to water IDroughty, (Too sandy------1Droughty.
Fuquay I I I I fast intake, I
I 1 1 1 slope. I I
I I I I I I
GoA---------------IModerate: IModerate: IFavorable------(Wetness--------{Wetness--------IFavorable.
Goldsboro I seepage. I wetness. I I I I
GpA*: I I I I I I
Goldsboro--------IModerate: IModerate: IFavorable------IWetness--------1Wetness--------IFavorable.
I seepage. I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I
I 1 1 I I I
Gr----------------(Slight---------(Severe: IFavorable--------(Wetness, (Erodes easily, (Wetness,
Grantham I I wetness. I I erodes easily. ) wetness. I erodes easily.
1 1 I 1 1
GtB2--------------(Slight---------IModerate: IPeres slowly, IPeres slowly, IPeres slowly, 1Erodes easily,
Gritney I I hard to pack. I slope. I slope, I erodes easily, I peres slowly.
I 1 I I erodes easily. ( soil. blowing. I
I I I I I
GtC2--------------ISlight---------IModerate: IPeres slowly, IPeres slowly, ISlope, ISlope,
Gritney I I hard to pack. slope. I slope, I erodes easily, I erodes easily,
I I I I erodes easily. ) soil blowing. I peres slowly.
I I I I I I
Gritney----------1Slight---------IModerate: IPeres slowly, IPeres slowly, IPeres slowly, 1Erodes easily,
I hard to pack. I slope. I slope, I erodes easily, ) peres slowly.
I 1 I I erodes easily.) soil blowing. I
I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I
I I I I I
MaA---------------IModerate: ISevere: IDeep to water (Fast intake, IFavorable------ Favorable.
Marlboro I seepage. I piping. I I soil blowing. I I
I I I I I I
MaB---------------IModerate: ISevere: IDeep to water IFast intake, IFavorable------IFavorable.
Marlboro I seepage. I piping. I I soil blowing, I I
I I I ! slope. I I
I I I I
NaB2--------------IModerate: (Slight---------IDeep to water ISlope----------IFavorable------IFavorable.
Nankin I seepage. I I I I I
I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 99
TABLE 12.--WATER MANAGEMENT--Continued
Limitations for-- Features affectin -
Map symbol and I Pond Embankments, Terraces
soil name I reservoir I dikes, and I Drainage I Irrigation I and I Grassed
I areas I levees I I I diversions I waterways
I I I I I I
NnB---------------IModerate: (Severe: IDeep to water (Erodes easily, (Erodes easily (Erodes easily.
Nason I seepage, I thin layer, I I slope. I I
I depth to rock,) hard to pack. I I I I
I slope. I I I I I
I I I I I
NnC---------------ISevere: ISevere: IDeep to water (Erodes easily, ISlope, ISlope,
Nason I slope. I thin layer, I I slope. I erodes easily. I erodes easily.
I I hard to pack. I I I I
I I I I I I
NoA---------------IModerate: ISlight---------IDeep to water (Fast intake----(Favorable------(Favorable.
Norfolk I seepage. I I I I I
I I I I I I
NoB---------------IModerate: ISlight---------IDeep to water ISlope----------IFavorable------(Favorable.
Norfolk I seepage. I I I I I
I I I I I I
NuB*: I I I I I I
Norfolk----------IModerate: (Slight------------IDeep to water ISlope----------IFavorable------IFavorable.
I seepage. I I I I I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I
I I I I I I
Qu*. I I I I I I
Pits I I I I I
I I I I I I
Ra----------------IModerate: ISevere: IFavorable------(Wetness, (Wetness, (Wetness.
Rains I seepage. I piping, I I soil blowing. I soil blowing. I
I I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
Rb*: I I I I I I
Rains------------IModerate: ISevere: IFavorable------(Wetness, (Wetness, (Wetness.
I seepage. I piping, I I soil blowing. I soil blowing. I
I I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Ro----------------ISlight---------ISevere: IFavorable------(Wetness--------(Wetness, (Wetness,
Roanoke I I hard to pack, I I peres slowly. I peres slowly.
I I wetness. I I I
I I I I I I
Sa----------------ISevere: ISevere: ICutbanks cave IWetness--------IWetness--------(Wetness.
Stallings I seepage. I piping, I I I I
I I wetness. I I I
I I I I I I
StA---------------ISevere: IModerate: IDeep to water IFast intake, (Soil blowing---IFavorable.
State I seepage. I thin layer, I I soil blowing. I I
I I piping. I I I I
I I I I I I
TaB---------------ISevere: ISevere: IDeep to water (Droughty, IToo sandy-------IDroughty.
Tarboro I seepage. I seepage, I I fast intake. I I
I I piping. I I I I
I I I I I I
TmB---------------IModerate: ISevere: IDeep to water ISlope, (Erodes easily (Erodes easily.
Tatum I seepage, I hard to pack. I I erodes easily. ( I
I depth to rock, ) I I I I
I slope. I I I I I
I I I I I I
To----------------ISevere: ISevere: (Cemented pan, IPonding, (Cemented pan, (Cemented pan,
Toisnot I cemented pan. I ponding. I peres slowly, I peres slowly, I peres slowly, I peres slowly.
I I I ponding. I ponding. I ponding. I
I I I I I I
Tt----------------IModerate: ISevere: IFavorable------(Wetness, (Wetness, (Wetness.
Tomotley I seepage. I piping, I I soil blowing. I soil blowing. I
I I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
Ud*. I I I I
Udorthents I I I I I I
I I I I I I
Ur*. I I I
Urban land I I I I I I
I f I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

100
Soil survey
TABLE 12.--WATER MANAGEMENT--Continued
Limitations for-- I Features affe 0 ' -
Map symbol and I Pond Embankments, Terraces
soil name reservoir I dikes, and I Drainage I Irrigation I and I Grassed
I areas I levees I I I diversions I waterways
I f I I I I
VaA---------------(Slight---------(Moderate: IDeep to water IDroughty-------(Favorable------(Droughty.
Varina I I hard to pack. I I I I
I I I I I I
VaB---------------ISlight---------(Moderate: IDeep to water (Slope, (Favorable------(Droughty.
Varina I I hard to pack. I I droughty. I I
I I I I I I
WaB---------------(Moderate: (Slight----------IDeep to water (Droughty, (Favorable------(Droughty.
Wagram I seepage. I I I fast intake, I
I I I I slope. I I
I I I I I I
WeB---------------IS11ght---------(Moderate: (Deep to water 1Slope----------(Favorable------(Favorable.
Wedowee I I piping. I I I I
I I I I I I
WeC---------------(Slight---------(Moderate: IDeep to water IS1ope----------(Slope----------IS1ope.
Wedowee I I piping. I I I I
I I
Why: I I I I I I
Wehadkee---------IModerate: (Severe: (Flooding-------(Wetness, (Wetness--------(Wetness.
I seepage. I wetness. I I flooding. I I
I I I I I I
Chewacla---------(Moderate: (Severe: (Flooding-------(Wetness, ]Wetness--------(Wetness.
I seepage. I piping, I I flooding. I
I I wetness. I I I I
I I I I I I
Wk----------------ISlight---------ISevere: IPeres slowly, (Wetness, (Wetness, (Wetness,
Wilbanks I I hard to pack, I flooding. I peres slowly, I peres slowly. I peres slowly.
I I wetness. I I flooding. I I
I I I I I I
See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

Wilson County, North Carolina 101
TABLE 13.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES
[The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated]
Classification Frag- I Percentage passing I I
Map symbol and IDepthl USDA texture I I Iments I sieve number-- ILiquid I Plas-
soil name I I I Unified I AASHTO I > 3 I 1 1 1 limit I ticity
I I I I Iinchesl 4 1 10 1 40 1200 1 1 index
In I Pct I Pct
AaA--------------I 0-12IFine sandy loam IML, CL-ML, JA-4, 1 0 195-100190-100165-99 130-60 1 <23 1 NP-7
Altavista I I I SM, SM-SCI A-2-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
112-51IClay loam, sandy JCL, CL-ML, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 195-100195-10016o-99 14C-75 1 20-45 1 5-28
1 1 clay loam, loam. ) SC, SM-SCI A-7 I I I I I I I
151-621Variable---------I --- I ---- I ---- I ---- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I i 1 1 1 I I 1 1
AyA, AyB---------I 0-11IVery fine sandy IML, CL-ML, IA-4 I 0 1 100 195-100180-100151-80 I <25 1 NP-10
Aycock I I loam. I CL I I I I I I I I
I11-991C1ay loam, silty ICL IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 195-100190-10016o-90 1 22-49 1 8-30
1 1 clay loam, loam. [ I A-7 I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Bb---------------I 0-381Loam-------------ISM, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4 1 0-5 195-100190-100160-90 130-60 1 <25 1 NP-7
Bibb I I I ML, CL-MLJ I I I I I I I
138-601Sandy loam, loam,ISM, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4 1 0-10 160-100150-100140-10013o-90 1 <30 1 NP-7
I loamy sand. I ML, CL-MLJ I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Co---------------1 0-2 ISandy loam-------ISM, ML, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1100 1 100 185-97 146-75 1 20-46 1 3-15
Coxville I I I CL-ML, CLI A-7 I I I I I I I
12-651C1ay loam, sandy ICL, CH IA-6, A-7 1 0 1 100 1100 185-98 150-85 1 30-55 1 12-35
I I clay, clay. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I 1 1 I 1
DpA--------------1 0-7 ISandy loam-------ISM, SM-SC IA-2, A-4 1 0 1 100 1 100 167-98 120-49 1 <26 I NP-7
Duplin 17-611Sandy clay, clay ICL, CH, SCIA-6, A-7 1 0 1100 198-100180-100145-75 1 24-54 113-35
1 1 loam, clay. I I I I I I I I I
161-911Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
ExA--------------I 0-101Very fine sandy IML, CL-ML, IA-4 1 0 1 100 195-100180-100151-80 1 <25 I NP-10
Exum I I loam. I CL I I I I I I I I
I10-831Loam, clay loam, ICL IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 195-100190-100160-90 1 22-49 1 8-30
1 1 silty clay loam. I I A-7 I J I I I I I
183-991Variable---------I ---- I ---- I --- I --- I --- I --- --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
FuB--------------I 0-231Loamy sand-------ISP-SM, SM IA-2, A-3 1 0 195-100190-100150-83 1 5-35 1 --- I NP
Fuquay 123-991Sandy clay loam ISC IA-2, A-4, 1 0 195-100190-100160-93 128-49 1 20-49 1 8-25
1 1 I 1 A-6 I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
GoA--------------I 0-10ISandy loam-------ISM, SM-SC, IA-2, A-4, 1 0 190-100175-100150-95 115-45 1 <25 1 NP-14
Goldsboro I I I SC I A-6 I I I I I I I
110-661Sandy clay loam, ISM-SC, SC, IA-2, A-4, 1 0 198--100195-100160-95 125-55 1 18-37 1 4-18
1 1 sandy loam. I CL-ML, CLJ A-6 I I I I 1 1 1
166-83ISandy clay loam, ISC, CL, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 195-100190-100165-95 136-70 1 25-55 J 6-32
1 1 clay loam, sandyl CL-ML, CHI A-7-5 I I I I I I I
1 1 clay. I I I I I 1 1 1 1
!83-971Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
GPA*: I I I I I I I I I I
Goldsboro-------I 0-10ISandy loam-------ISM, SM-SC, IA-2, A-4,1 0 190-100175-100150-95 115-45 1 <25 1 NP-14
I I I SC I A-6 I I I I I I I
110-661Sandy clay loam, ISM-SC, SC,IA-2, A-4, 1 0 198-100195-100160-95 125-55 1 18-37 1 4-18
1 1 sandy loam. I CL-ML, CLI A-6 I I I I I I I
166-8315andy clay loam, ISC, CL, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 195-100190-100165-95 136-70 1 25-55 1 6-32
1 1 clay loam, sandyl CL-ML, CHI A-7-5 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I i I I I I I
183-97]Variable---------I --- I --- I _-- I --- I --- I ---- I ---- I --- I ---
I ! I I I I I I I ! I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Gr---------------1 0-9 JVery fine sandy IML, CL-ML IA-4 1 0 1 100 1 100 185-100155-85 1 <30 1 NP-7
Grantham I I loam. I I I I J I I I I
19--811Loam, clay loam, [CL IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 1 100 190-100160-95 1 22-49 1 8-30
I I silty clay loam. l I A-7 I I I I I I I
181-991Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- 1 ---
I I I I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

102 Soil survey
TABLE 13•--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
Classification Frag- I Percentage passing
Map symbol and IDepthl USDA texture I I Iments I sieve number-- ILiquid I Plas-
soil name I I I Unified I AASHTO I > 3 I 1 F I limit I ticity
I I I I Iinchesl 4 1 10 I 40 1 200 1 1 index
In I Pct Pet 1
GtB2, GtC2-------1 0-5 ISandy loam-------ISM, SM-SC IA-2-4, 1 0 1 100 195-100175-99 118-42 1 <30 1 NP-6
Gritney I I I I A-4 I I I I I I I
1 5-8 ISandy clay loam, ISC, CL IA-6, A-7 1 0 1 100 195-100180-100136-60 1 35-48 1 15-25
1 1 sandy clay, clay) I I 1 I I I 1 I
I I loam. I I I I I I I I I
8-43ISandy clay, clay, ICH, CL, SCIA-7 1 0 1 100 I95-100I80-100145-70 1 44-62 1 22-40
1 1 clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
143-501Sandy clay loam ICH, CL, SCIA-7 1 0 1 100 195-100180-100140-55 1 40-55 1 20-35
150-911Variable---------I -- I -- I --- I --- I --- I ---- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Gu* I I I I I I I I I I
Gritney---------1 0-5 ISandy loam-------ISM, SM-SC IA-2-4, 1 0 1 100 195-100175-99 118-42 1 <30 1 NP-6
I I I I A-4 I I I I I I I
1 5-8 ISandy clay loam, ISC, CL IA-6, A-7 1 0 1 100 195-100180-100136-60 1 35-48 1 15-25
1 1 sandy clay, clayl I I I I I I I I
I I loam. I I I I I I I I I
1 8-43ISandy clay, clay,ICH, CL, SCIA-7 1 0 1 100 195-100180-100145-70 1 44-62 1 22-40
1 1 clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
143-501Sandy clay loam ICH, CL, SCIA-7 1 0 1 100 195-10018o--loo140-55 1 40-55 1 20-35
150-911Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ___ I _-_
I I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
MaA, MaB---------1 0-6 ILoamy sand-------ISM IA-2 1 0 198-100195-100170-100115-35 1 <25 1 NP-4
Marlboro 16-60ISandy clay, clay ICL, ML, IA-4, A-6, 1 o 198-100195-100178--100151--70 1 25-48 1 6-20
1 1 loam, clay. I CL-ML I A-7 I I I I I I I
160-681Sandy clay loam, ICL, ML, IA-4, A-6, 1 o 198-100195-100174-100145-70 1 24-48 1 6-20
I I sandy clay, I SM, SC I A-7 I I I I I 1 I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
NaB2-------------1 0-5 ISandy loam-------ISM IA-2 1 0 195-100190-100170-90 113-30 1 --- I NP
Nankin 15--551Sandy clay, clay, ISC, CL IA-4, A-6,1 0 198-100195-100175-95 140--70 1 25-45 1 7-20
I I sandy clay loam. ) I A-7 I I I I I I I
155-70ISandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4,1 0 198-100195-100170-85 125-55 1 <30 1 NP-12
I I sandy loam. I CL, CL-MLI A-6 I I I I I I I
I I I 1 I I I I I I I
NnB, NnC---------1 0-3 ISilt loam--------IML, CL-ML, IA-4 1 0-5 I80-100175-100155-95 135-85 1 <38 1 NP-10
Nason I I I SM I I I I I I I I
3-351Silty clay loam, ICL, CH IA-7 1 0-5 I80-100175-100170-95 165-90 1 40-60 1 15-30
I I silty clay, I I I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
135-601Channery silt ICL-ML, SC, IA-2, A-4, 1 0-5 150-80 145-75 140-75 130-70 1 20-35 1 4-12
1 loam, silt loam. ) GM-GC I A-6 I I I I I I
1 60 IWeathered bedrock) --- I I --- I ---- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I
NoA, NoB---------1 0-6 ILoamy sand-------ISM IA-2 1 0 195-100192-100150-91 113-30 1 <20 1 NP
Norfolk 16-501Sandy loam, sandylSC, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4, 1 0 195-100191-100170-96 130-55 1 20-38 1 4-15
I I clay loam, clay I CL, CL-MLl A-6 I I I I I I I
I I loam. I 1 I I I I I I I
150-651Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC,IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 198-100165-98 136-72 1 20-45 1 4-22
1 1 clay loam, sandy) CL, CL-MLI A-7-6 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
NuB*: I I I I I I I I I I I
Norfolk---------I 0-6 ILoamy sand-------ISM IA-2 1 0 195-100192-100150-91 113-30 1 <20 1 NP
16-50ISandy loam, sandylSC, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4,1 0 195-100191-100170-96 130-55 1 20-38 1 4-15
I clay loam, clay I CL, CL-MLI A-6 I I I I I I I
I I loam. I I I I I I I I 1
150-65ISandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 I l00 198-100165-98 136-72 1 20-45 1 4-22
1 1 clay loam, sandyl CL, CL-MLI A-7-6 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Qu*. I I I I I I I I 1
Pits I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 103
TABLE 13.---ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES---Continued
Classification Frag- I Percentage passing
Map symbol and IDepthl USDA texture I Iments I sieve number-- ILiquid I Plas-
soil name I I 1 Unified I AASHTO I > 3 I 1 1 1 1 limit I ticity
I I I I linchesl 4 1 10 1 40 1 200 I I index
In I Pct I I Pct I
Ra---------------1 0-151Sandy loam-------ISM, ML IA-2, A-4 1 0 1 100 195-100150-85 125-56 1 <35 1 NP-10
Rains 115-581Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4, 1 0 1 100 195-100155-98 130-70 1 18-40 1 4-20
1 1 clay loam. I CL, CL-MLI A-6 I I I I I I I
158--691Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC,IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 198-100160-98 136-72 1 18-45 1 4-28
1 1 clay loam, sandy) CL, CL-MLI A--7 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
169-931Sandy loam, sandylSM, SC, IA-2, A-4, 1 0 1 100 195-10016o-95 130-60 1 18-40 1 3-18
1 1 clay loam, sandy) ML, CL I A--6 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
193-991Variable---------I --- I --- I ---- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Rb*: I I I I I ! I I I I
Rains-----------1 0-151Sandy loam-------ISM, ML IA-2, A-4 I 0 1 100 195-100150-85 125-56 1 <35 1 NP-10
115-581Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM-SC,IA-2, A-4, I 0 1 100 195-100155-98 130-70 1 18-40 1 4-20
1 1 clay loam. I CL, CL-MLI A-6 I I I I I I I
158-691Sandy clay loam, ISC, SM--SC, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 I loo 198-lool6o-98 136-72 1 18-45 1 4-28
1 1 clay loam, sandyl CL, CL-MLI A-7 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I i I I I
169-931Sandy loam, sandylSM, SC, IA-2, A-4, 1 0 1 100 195-100160-95 130-60 1 18-40 1 3-18
I 1 clay loam, sandy) ML, CL I A-6 I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
193-99IVariable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I
I 1 I I I I I I I I I
Ro---------------1 0-9 (Loam-------------ISM-SC, IA-6, A-4 1 0 195-100185-100160-100135-90 1 25-40 1 5-16
Roanoke I I I CL-ML, I I I I I I I I
I I I CL, SC I I I I I I I I
19-601C1ay, silty clay,ICH, CL IA-7 1 0 19o-lool85-100185-100165-95 145-6o 1 22-36
1 1 clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
160-901Stratified sandy ICL-ML, I --- 1 0-5 140-100135-100125--95 115-90 1 18-6o I NP-4o
I I clay to clay. I GM-GC, CHI I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Sa---------------1 0-13IFine sandy loam ISM IA-2, A-4 1 0 1 100 195-100151-100120-50 1 <25 1 NP-3
Stallings 113-681Sandy loam, fine ISM IA-2, A-4 1 0 1 100 195-100151-100120-50 1 <25 1 NP-3
1 1 sandy loam. I I I I I I I I I
168-951Loamy fine sand, ISM, SP--SM, IA-2, A-4 I 0 1 100 195-100151-100110-50 1 <25 1 NP-4
I I fine sandy loam.1 SF-SC I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
StA--------------I 0-101Loamy sand-------ISM, SM-SC IA-2, A-1 1 0 195-100195-100145-75 115-30 1 <20 1 NP-6
State 110-451Loam, clay loam, ICL, SC IA-43 A-6 1 0 195-100195-100175-100135-80 1 24-40 1 8-25
1 1 sandy clay loam.) I I I I I I I I
145-901Stratified sand ISM, SM-SC, IA-2, A-3, 1 0 185-100175-100140-90 1 5-50 1 <25 1 NP-7
I I to fine sandy I SP-SM I A-4 I I I I I I
I I loam. I I I I ! I I I
I I I I I I I I I I
TaB--------------I 0-481Sand-------------ISM, SP-SM3IA-2, A-3, 1 0 195-100185-100140-99 1 8-35 1 --- I NP
Tarboro I I I Sw-SM I A-1 I I I I I I I
148-991Sand, loamy sand, ISP, SP-SM, IA-2, A-3, 1 0 195-100190-100145-1001 3-15 1 --- I NP
I I gravelly sand. I SW-SM, SMI A-1 I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
TmB--------------1 0-5 (Loam-------------IML, CL, SMIA-4 1 0 185-100180-100165-100(4o-90 1 20-34 1 NP-10
Tatum 15-43ISilty clay loam, IMH IA-7 1 0 175-100170-100160-100155-95 1 50-80 1 10-36
I I silty clay, I I I I I I I I I
I I clay. I I I I I I I I I
143-721S11t loam, loam, IML, CL IA-6, A-7 1 0 175-100170-100160-90 160-85 1 30-45 1 12-20
1 silty clay loam. ) I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
To---------------1 0-161Loam-------------ICL-ML, CL IA-4, A-6 10 1 100 1 100 185--95 160-75 1 20-30 1 5-15
Toisnot 116-251Sandy loam, fine ISM, SM-SC, IA-2, A-4 1 0 1 100 1 100 160-85 130-49 1 <25 1 NP-10
I I sandy loam. I SC I I I I I I I I
125-561Loamy fine sand, ISM, SM-SC IA-2, A-4 I 0 1 100 1 100 150-75 120-49 1 <25 1 NP-7
I I fine sandy loam. ) I I I I I I I I
156-6413andy clay loam, ICL, SC IA-4, A-6 1 0 1 100 1 100 160-95 136-60 1 25-40 1 7-20
1 1 sandy loam, finel I I I I I I I I
I I sandy loam. I I I I I I I I I
164-671Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
See footnote at end of table.

104 Soil survey
TABLE 13.--ENGINEERING INDEX PROPERTIES--Continued
II Classification Frag- I Percentage passing
Map symbol and Depthl USDA texture I I Iments I sieve number-- ILiquid I Plas-
soil name I I I Unified I AASHTO I > 3 I 1 1 1 I limit I ticity
I I I I Iinchesl 4 1 l0 1 40 1 200 1 1 index
In Pct Pct
I I I I I I I I I I I
Tt---------------1 0-9 (Fine sandy loam ISM IA-2, A-4 1 0 198-100195-100175-98 125-50 1 <30 1 NP-7
Tomotley 19-45IFine sandy loam, ISM-SC, SO, IA-2, A-4, 1 0 I98-100195-100175-98 130-70 1 20-40 1 6-18
I I sandy clay loam, l CL-ML, CLI A-6 I I I I I I I
I I clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
145-551Fine sandy loam, ISM-SC, SC, IA-4, A-6, I o 198-100195-100175-98 136-75 1 20-45 1 6-22
1 1 sandy clay loam, ) CL-ML, CLI A-7 I I I I I I I
I I clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
155-751Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
vd*. I I I I I I I I I I I
Udorthents I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
[Jr*. I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
VaA, VaB---------1 0-121Loamy sand-------1SM, SP-SM IA-2 1 0-5 195-100192-100170-90 110-35 1 <20 1 NP-3
Varina 112-89ISandy clay, clay ISC, ME, IA-6, A-7 1 0 195-100192-100175-95 136-65 1 36-60 1 11-25
1 1 loam, clay. I ML, SM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
189-991Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
WaB--------------1 0-261Loamy sand--------ISM, SP-SM IA-2, A-3 1 0 1 100 198-100150-85 1 8-35 1 --- I NP
Wagram 126--831Sandy clay loam, ISO IA-2, A-4, 1 o 1100 198-100160-95 131-49 1 21--41 1 8-25
1 1 sandy loam. I I A-6, A-71 I I I I I 1
183-991Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---- I --- I --- I ---- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
WeB, WeC---------1 0-7 ICoarse sandy loamlSM, SM-SC IA-4, 1 0 195-100190-100160-99 123-50 1 <30 1 NP-6
Wedowee 1 1 1 1 A-2-4 I I I I I 1 I
7-121Loam, sandy clay ISM, SC, IA-4, A-6 1 0 190-100190-100180--97 140-75 1 <32 1 NP-15
I I loam. I CL, ML I I I I I I I I
112-291Sandy clay, clay ISO, ML, IA-6, A-7 1 0 195-100195-100165-97 145-71 1 30-58 1 10-25
1 1 loam, clay. I CL, SM I I I I I I I I
129-601Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
why: I I I I I I I I I I
Wehadkee--------1 0-7 ILoam-------------ISM, SC, IA-2, A-4 I o 1 100 195-100160-90 130-50 1 <35 1 NP-10
I I I sM-SC I I I 1 1 1 1 1
1 7-581Loam, sandy clay IML, CL, IA-6, A-7, 1 0 1 100 199-100185-100151-85 1 25-45 1 7-20
1 1 loam, clay loam. 1 CL-ML I A-4 I 1 1 1 1 1 1
158-841Variable---------I --- I -- I --- --- 1 --- I --- I --- I ---- I ---
I I I I I I I I I
Chewacla--------1 0-6 ILoam-------------IML, CL, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 198-100195-100170-100155-90 1 25-49 1 4-20
1 1 1 CL-ML I A-7 I I I I I I I
6-351Sandy clay loam, ISM, CL-ML, IA-4 1 0 196-100195-100160-80 136-70 1 <35 1 NP-7
I I loam, sandy I SM-SC, MLI I I I I I I I
I I loam. I 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1
135-441Silt loam, clay IML, ME IA-4, A-6, I 0 175-100165-100160-100151-98 1 32-61 1 4-28
I 1 loam, silty clay) I A-7 I I I I I I I
I I loam. I I I I I I I I 1
144-851Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
Wk---------------1 0-5 (Silt loam--------IML, CL-ML, IA-4, A-6, 1 0 1 100 1 100 170-100151-98 1 20-46 1 6-20
Wilbanks I I I CL I A-7 I I I I I I I
15-391Silty clay, clay,ICH, ME IA-7 1 0 1 100 1 100 190-100175-95 1 45-65 1 15-35
1 1 clay loam. I I I I I I I I I
139-781Variable---------I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I --- I ---
I I I I I I I I I I I
See description of the map unit for composition, and behavior characteristics of the map unit.

TABLE 14.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
[The symbol > means more than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under o
"Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available n or were not estimated] o
C
7
.'Z
Erosion I Map symbol and I Depth I Permeability I Available I Soil reaction I Shrink-swell I factors I Organic Zo
soil name I I 1 water capacity I ! potential T matter a.
1 ! I I I I x 1 T I ZY
In In hr In/in pH Pct
I I ! I ! 1 I ! o
AaA--------------! 0-12 I 2.0-6.0 ! 0.12-0.20 I 4.5-6.0 ]Low------------! 0.20 I 4 I 0.5-3
Altavista 1 12-51 I 0.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.20 I 4.5-6.0 ILow------------1 0.24 1 I n7i
1 51-62 I --- 1 --- I --- 1---------------I ---- I I
I I 1 I 1 1 1 I
AyA, AyB---------1 0-11 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.15-0.20 I 4.5-6.o ILow------------1 0.37 1 4 1 1-4
Aycock 1 11-99 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.15-0.20 I 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.43 1 1
I I I I I I I I
Bb---------------1 0-38 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 !Low------------1 0.20 1 5 1 0.5-2
Bibb 1 38-60 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.20 I 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 1
I I I I I I I I
Cc---------------1 0-2 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.17 1 4.5-6.0 ILow------------1 0.28 1 4 1 2-4
Coxville 1 2-65 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.14-0.18 1 3.6-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.32 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
DpA--------------1 0-7 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.10-0.15 1 5.1-7.3 ILow------------1 0.32 1 3 1 0.5-2
Duplin 1 7-61 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.13-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.28 1 1
1 61-91 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
ExA--------------1 0-10 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.15-0.20 1 4.5-6.0 ILow------------1 0.37 1 5 1 0.5-2
Exum 1 10-83 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.15-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 1
1 83-99 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
FuB--------------1 0-23 1 >6.0 1 0.04-0.09 1 4.5-6.0 !Low------------1 0.15 1 5 1 0.5-2
Fuquay 1 23-99 1 0.06-0.2 1 0.10-0.13 1 4.5-6.o ILow------------1 0.20 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
GoA--------------1 0-10 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.08-0.12 1 4.5-6.o ILow------------1 0.20 1 5 1 0.5-2
Goldsboro 1 10-66 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.11-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 !Low------------1 0.24 1 1
1 66-83 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.11-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 1
1 83-97 1 --- 1 --- 1 --- 1---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
GpA: I I I I I I I I
Goldsboro-------1 0-10 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.08-0.12 1 4.5-6.0 !Low------------1 0.20 1 5 1 0.5-2
1 10-66 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.11-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 !Low------------1 0.24 1 1
1 66-83 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.11-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 (Low------------1 0.24 1 1
1 83-97 1 --- 1 --- 1 --- 1---------------I ---- I I
1 I I I I I ! I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I i I I I I I I
Gr---------------1 0-9 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.13-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 4 1 2-4
Grantham 1 9-81 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.15-0.20 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.43 1 1
1 81-99 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- 1 1
I I I I I I I I
GtB2, GtC2-------1 0-5 1 6.0-20 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.32 1 3 1 0.5-2
Gritney 1 5-8 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.37 1 1
1 8-43 1 0.06-0.2 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 IHigh-----------1 0.37 1 !
1 43-50 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 1High-----------1 0.37 1 1
150-91 I --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I 1 I I I I I
Gu: 1 I I I I 1 1 1
Gritney---------1 0-5 1 6.0-20 I 0.10-0.15 l 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.32 1 3 1 0.5-2
1 5-8 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.37 1 1
18-43 1 0.06-0.2 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 IHigh-----------1 0.37 1 1
143-50 I 0.2-0.6 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 IHigh-----------I 0.37 1 1
150-91 I --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I v,
I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I

TABLE 14.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS--Continued O
Erosion
Map symbol and I Depth Permeability I Available I Soil reaction I Shrink-swell I factors I Organic
soil name I I I water capacity I I potential ( I matter
I I I I I I x I T I
In In hr In/in pH Pct
I I I I I I I I
MaA, MaB---------1 0-6 1 6.0-20 I 0.06-0.09 1 5.1-6.5 ILow------------1 0.20 I 5 0.5-2
Marlboro 16-60 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.14-0.18 1 4.5-6.0 ILow------------I 0.20 I
1 60-68 I o.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-6.o (Low------------I 0.20 1
NaB2-------------1 0-5 1 2.0-6.0 0.05-0.08 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 3 1 0.5-1
Nankin 1 5-55 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.11-0.16 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1
1 55-70 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 I
i I I I I
NnB, NnC---------1 0-3 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.14-0.20 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 4 1 0.5-2
Nason 1 3-35 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.19 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.28 1 1
1 35-60 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.15-0.20 I 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 60 I --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I
I I I I I I
NoA, NoB---------1 0-6 1 6.0-20 I 0.06-0.11 I 4.5-6.o (Low------------1 0.17 1 5 1 0.5-2
Norfolk 16-50 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 (Low------------1 0.24 I I
1 50-65 I o.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 1
I I I I I I I
NuB: I I I I I I
Norfolk---------1 0-6 1 6.0-20 1 0.06-0.11 I 4.5-6.0 ILow------------1 0.17 1 5 1 0.5-2
1 6-50 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 1
1 50-65 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 1
I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I
Qu• I I I I I I I
Pits I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I
Ra---------------1 0-15 1 2.0-6.0 I 0.08-0.12 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.17 1 5 1 1-6
Rains 1 15-58 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1
1 58-69 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 69-93 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ]Low------------1 0.28 1
1 93-99 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
Rb: I I I I I I I
Rains-----------1 0-15 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.08-0.12 1 4.5-6.5 ]Low------------1 0.17 1 5 1 1-6
1 15-58 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 1
1 58-69 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 69-93 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 93-99 1 --- 1 --- 1 --- 1---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I
Ro---------------1 0-9 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.14-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 4 1 0.5-3
Roanoke 1 9-60 1 0.06-0.2 1 0.10-0.19 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.24 1 1
1 60-90 I 0.06-20 I 0.04-0.14 I 4.5-5.5 (Moderate-------1 0.24 1 1
I I I I I I I I
Sa---------------1 0-13 1 2.0-20 I 0.10-0.15 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.15 1 5 1 1-4
Stallings 1 13-68 1 2.0-6.0 I 0.10-0.15 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.17 1 1
1 68-95 1 2.0-20 1 0.06-0.15 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.17 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
StA--------------1 0-10 1 2.0-6.0 1 0.06-0.09 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 4 1 0.5-2
State 1 10-45 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.14-0.19 1 4.5-5.5 (Low------------1 0.28 1 1
1 45-90 1 >2.0 1 0.02-0.10 1 4.5-6.0 (Low------------1 0.17 1 1 C/)
I I I I I I I I 0.
TaB--------------1 0-48 1 6.0-20 1 0.05-0.09 1 5.1-6.5 (Low------------1 0.10 1 5 0.5-1 -
Tarboro 1 48-99 1 >20 1 0.02-0.06 1 5.1-6.5 ILow------------1 0.10 1 1 c
I 1 I I I I 1 1 Z
TmB--------------1 0-5 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.14-0.20 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 1 4 1 0-2 �
Tatum 1 5-43 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.10-0.19 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.28 1
1 43-72 1 0.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
I I I I I I I I

TABLE 14.--PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS--Continued
Erosion O
Map symbol and 1 Depth 1 Permeability I Available 1 Soil reaction i Shrink-swell i factors I Organic
soil name I I I water capacity I I potential I 1 matter n
1 I I I I I K I T I °c
In In/hr In/in PH I I I Pct
To---------------1 0-16 1 2.o-6.o 1 0.15-0.20 I 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.15 1 4 1 0.5-2 0 Toisnot 1 16-25 1 0.2-0.6 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.32 1 I
125-56 I 0.06-0.2 I 0.-0.06 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------I 0.43 I I =r
1 56-64 1 0.06-0.2 1 o.lo-o.18 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.37 I I ani
1 64-67 1 --- I --- 1 --- I---------------I ---- I I
0 I I I
Tt---------------1 0-9 I 2.0-6.0 1 0.10-0.15 I 3.6-5.5 ]Low------------I 0.20 I 5 I 0.5-2 �
Tomotley 1 9-45 1 o.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.18 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.20 1 1
1 45-55 1 0.2-2.0 1 0.12-0.18 I 3.6-6.0 ILow------------1 0.20 I
1 55-75 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I
I I I I I I i
ua.
Udortbents I I I I I I I
1 I I 1 ► I I I
Ur. I I I 1 I I I I
Urban land I I I I I I I I
I I I ( I 1 I I
VaA, VaB---------1 0-12 1 6.0-20 1 0.05-0.09 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.15 1 4 1 0.5-2
Varina 1 12-89 1 0.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 89-99 1 --- I --- I --- 1---------------I ---- I I
WaB--------------1 0-26 1 6.0-20 I 0.05-0.08 1 4.5-6.o ILow------------1 0.15 1 5 1 0.5-2
Wagram 1 26-83 1 o.6-2.0 1 0.12-0.16 1 4.5-6.o ILow------------1 0.20 1 1
1 83-99 f --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
WeB, WeC---------1 0-7 1 2.0-6.0 1 o.lo-o.18 1 4.5-5.5 [Low------------1 0.24 1 2 1 0-1
Wedowee 1 7-12 1 o.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 12-29 1 o.6-2.0 I 0.12-0.18 1 4.5-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.28 I 1
1 29-60 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
Wb: I I I I I I I I
Webadkee--------1 0-7 1 2.0-6.o 1 0.10-0.15 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.24 1 5 1 2-5
1 7-58 1 o.6-2.0 I o.16-o.20 1 4.5-6.5 1Low------------1 0.32 1 1
1 58-84 1 --- 1 --- 1 --- 1---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
Chewacla--------1 0-6 1 0.6-2.0 ► 0.15-0.24 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 4 1 1-4
1 6-35 1 o.6-2.0 f 0.12-0.20 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.28 1 1
1 35-44 1 o.6-2.0 1 0.15-0.24 1 4.5-6.5 ILow------------1 0.32 1 1
1 44-85 1 --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
1 I I I I I I I
Wk---------------1 0-5 1 o.6-2.0 1 0.11-0.20 1 3.6-5.5 ILow------------1 0.20 1 5 1 2-5
Wilbanks 1 5-39 1 0.06-0.6 1 0.15-0.22 1 3.6-5.5 IModerate-------1 0.24 1 1
1 39-78 I --- I --- I --- I---------------I ---- I I
I I I I I I I I
0

TABLE 15.--SOIL AND WATER FEATURES
["Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in the CO
text. The symbol > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or
that data were not estimated]
Flooding High water table Bedrock Risk of corrosion
Map symbol and (Hydro-1
soil name I logic) Frequency I Duration (Months I Depth I Kind (Months IDepthlHard- (Uncoated (Concrete
Igroup 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 ness I steel
Ft In
I I I I I I I I I I I
AaA---------------I C (Occasional (Very brieflMar-Ju111.5-2.51ApparentlDec-Marl >60 1 --- (Moderate (Moderate.
Altavista I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
AyA, AyB----------I B INone--------I --- I --- 14.0-6.OIPerched (Jan-Apr) >60 1 --- (Moderate (High.
Aycock
I I I I I I I I I
Bb----------------I C ICommon------IBrief-----IDec-Mayl0.5-1.5IApparentlDec-Apr) >60 1 --- IHigh-----IModerate.
Bibb I I I I I I I I I I I
________I I I I I I I I I I
Co-------- I D (None--------) --- I --- I 0-1.51ApparentlNov-Apr) >60 I --- (High-----(High.
Coxville I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
DpA---------------1 C (None--------I --- I --- 12.0-3.OIApparentlDec-Aprl >60 1 --- (High-----]High.
Dup11n I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
ExA---------------I C INone--------I --- I --- 12.0-3.OIApparentlDec-Aprl >60 I --- (Moderate (High.
Exum I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
FuB---------------I B INone--------I --- I --- 14.0-6.OIPerched IJan-Marl >60 1 --- ILow------]High.
Fuquay I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
GoA---------------I B INone--------I --- I --- 12.0-3.OIApparentlDec-Aprl >60 I --- (Moderate ]High.
Goldsboro I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
GpA: I I I I I I I I I
Goldsboro--------I B (None--------I --- I --- 12.0-3.OIApparentlDec-Aprl >60 1 --- IModerate (High.
I I I I I I I I I I I
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Gr----------------I D INone--------I --- I --- I 0-1.OIApparentlDec-Mayl >60 1 --- (High-----(High.
Grantham I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I 1 1��Jr'3.0 I 1 1 1 1 I
GtB2, GtC2--------I C INone--------I --- I --- I IL-96. I --- I --- I >60 I --- (High-----]Moderate.
Gritney I I I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I I I I I
Gu: I I I I I I I I I !
Gritney----------I C INone--------I --- I --- 1 >6.0 1 --- 1 --- 1 >60 1 --- 1High-----Moderate.
I I I I I I I I I I 1
Urban land. I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
MaA, MaB----------I B INone--------I --- I --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 1 >60 1 --- IHigh-----(High.
Marlboro I I I I I I I I I I ]
I I I I I I I I I I I
NaB2--------------I C INone--------I --- I --- I >6.0 I --- I --- I >60 I --- (High-----]High.
Nankin I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
NnB, NnC----------I C INone--------I --- I --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 140-72IHard IModerate (High.
Nason I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I o
NoA, NoB----------I B INone--------I --- I --- 14.0-6.OIApparentlJan-Marl >60 1 --- IModerate ]High.
Norfolk I I I I I I I I I I I z
I I I I I I I I m
1<

I I I I I
Nus:
Norfolk----------I B (None--------I --- ! --- 14.0-6.OApparentiJan-Mar1 >60 I --- IModerate ]High. o
I I I I i I I I n
Urban land. I I I I I ( I I I I ► o
+ I I 1 I I I I C
Qu• I ! I I I I I 1 I I
Pits I I I I I I I I 4 I I
I I I I I I I I I I I z
Ra----------------I B/D (None--------I --- I --- I 0-1.0IApparentiNov-Apri >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
Rains
I 1 I I I I I I I i m Rb: I I I I I I I I I I I
Rains------------I B/D (None--------I --- I --- I 0-1.0[ApparentiNov-Apri >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
w
Urban land.
I I 1 I I I I I I I I
Ro----------------i D ]Rare--------I --- I --- I 0-1.OIApparentlNov-Mayl >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
Roanoke I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Sa----------------I C [None--------I --- I --- I1.0-2.51ApparentlDec-Apri >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
Stallings I I I I I I I f I I
I I I I I I I 1 1 I i
StA---------------I B (Rare--------I --- I --- 14.0-6.01ApparentiDec-Junl >60 1 --- IModerate ]High.
State I I I I I I I I I
1 I l l I i I I I I
TaB---------------I A Mare--------1 --- 1 --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 1 >60 I --- ]Low------Moderate.
Tarboro
I I I 1 1 I 1 1 I I i
TmB---------------I C INone--------i --- --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 140-601Soft IHigh-----IHigh.
Tatum
I I I I I I I I I I I
To*---------------I D (None--------I --- i --- 1+•5-1.OIApparentiDec-Apri >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
Toisnot I I I I I I I I I I
I I ! I I I I I I I I
Tt----------------I B/D Mare--------1 --- I --- I 0-1.OIApparentlDec-Marl >60 1 --- IHigh-----IHigh.
Tomotley 1 I I I I I I I I I I
Ud.
Udorthents I I I 1 I I 1 ! I I
I I l I I I I I I I !
Ur.
Urban land I I I I 1 I 1 1 I
I I I I 1 I I I I I I
VaA, VaB----------I C INone--------I --- I --- 14.0-5.OIPerched IDec-Apri >60 I --- IModerate IHigh.
Varina
I 1 I I I I I I I I I
WaB---------------I A (None--------I --- 1 --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 1 >60 1 --- ]Low------]High.
Wagram l I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I 1 I I I I I
WeB, WeC----------I B (None--------I --- I --- 1 >6.0 1 --- I --- 1 >60 1 --- IModerate ]High.
Wedowee I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I
Wh: I I ► I I I I I I I I
Wehadkee---------I D (Frequent----(Brief-----(Nov-Juni 0-2.5[ApparentlDec-May) >60 I --- ]High-----IModerate.
I I I I I I I I I I I
Chewacla---------I C (Frequent----IBrief-----INov-Apr10.5-1.5[ApparentlNov-Apri >60 1 --- IHigh-----IModerate.
I I I I I I I I I I I
Wk----------------I D (Frequent----(Brief-----INov-Marl 0-1.OIApparent]Nov-Marl >60 1 --- ]High-----thigh.
Wilbanks I I I I I I I I I ] I
I I I I I i I I I I I
*In the "High water table--Depth" column, a plus sign preceding the range in depth indicates that the
water table is above the surface of the soil. The first numeral in the range indicates how high the water
rises above the surface. The second numeral indicates the depth below the surface. C
CO

110 Soil survey
TABLE 16.--ENGINEERING INDEX TEST DATA
[Dashes indicate data were not available. NP means nonplastic]
Grain-size distribution Moisture
Classification I II I I density
Soil name, I I Percentage I Percentage
report number, I passing sieve-- Ismaller than--I I '� x I
horizon, and I I I I '--,, I •_ w IMaximuml Optimum
depth in inches I I 'J I dry (moisture
AASHTO (Unified) No. I No. I No.l No. 1.02 1 .0051 .0021 • F I ro'' Idensityl
I 1 1 4 1 10 1 40 1 2001 mm I mm I mm I Ir,� I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I
ftD I Pct
Altavista fine I I I I I I I I I I I
sandy loam:l I I I I I I I I I I I I
(376NC-195-005) I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Al-----------o-4 IA-2-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (00)1 SM 1 991 981 761 301 141 61 31 --1 NP 1 115 1 12
B22t---------21-381A-6(o3) I SC 1 991 971 791 431 341 271 241 321 16 I 118 1 13
C-----------50-711A-2-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (00)1 SM-SC 1 941 931 781 231 181 161 141 221 6 1 124 1 10
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Goldsboro sandy I I I I I I I I I I I I I
loam:2 I I I I I I I I I I I
(S76NC-195-003) I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 I 1 1 I I 1 I 1 1 1 I I
Ap-----------0-8 IA-2-4 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I
1 (00)1 SM 1 --1 1001 791 321 181 91 51 --1 NP 1 123 1 9
B22t--------24-351A-6(06) I SC I --1 1001 841 501 391 311 281 371 18 I 113 1 14
B39---------56-821A-7-6 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 (10)l SC I --1 1001 821 471 391 341 321 531 32 1 109 1 18
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Gritne sandy I I I I I I I I I I I I
loam: I I I I I I I I I I
(S76NC-i95-0o4) I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I l
Ap-----------0-5 IA-4(01) I SC 1 1001 971 80l 421 271 211 201 281 9 1 117 1 13
B21t---------8-301A-7-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (25) 1 CH I --1 1001 991 681 491 451 431 591 39 1 102 1 20
B3----------43-631A-7-6 I I I I I I I I I I 1 1
1 (08) 1 CL I --I --1 1001 541 381 341 3ol 431 20 1 104 1 19
iicl--------63-761A-2-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (00) 1 SM I --I --I 1001 341 231 201 161 -•-1 NP 1 107 1 17
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I
Rains sandy loam:4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I
(S76NC-195-001) I I I I I I 1 I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Ap-----------0-7 IA-2-4 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (00) 1 SM 1 1001 951 561 341 221 111 51 191 3 1 126 1 9
B21tg-------13-251A-6(o4) I SC 1 1001 951 581 431 361 251 191 371 20 1 123 1 11
B22tg-------
25-521A-7-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (08) 1 SC 1 1001 951 611 451 391 291 241 451 28 1 122 1 12
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Varina loamy sand:51 I I I I I I I I I I I I
(S76NC-195-002) I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Ap-----------0-7 IA-2-4 I I I I I I i I I I I I
I (0o)I SP-SM 1 991 991 821 111 61 41 31 --1 NP 1 115 I 11
B22t--------29-431A-7-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (11)I MH 1 1001 991 871 601 541 511 481 571 18 1 100 1 23
B3----------65-891A-7-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (05)1 SC 1 1001 loot 781 401 381 351 341 511 23 1 108 1 18
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
See footnotes at end of table.

Wilson County, North Carolina 111
TABLE 16.--ENGINEERING INDEX TEST DATA--Continued
Grain size distribution ?Moisture
Classification I I density
Soil name, I I Percentage I Percentage I 41
l y I
report number, I I passing sieve-- Ismaller than--I I r I I
horizon, and I I I I F I v IMaximumlOptimum
depth in inches I 1 1 c 1 dry Imoisture
I AASHTO IUnifiedl No. I No. I No. I No. 1 .02 1.0051 .0021 I Idensityl
I 1 1 4 1 10 1 40 1 2001 mm I mm I mm I I a I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I
Pct Lb/ft Pct
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Wilbanks silt I I I I I I I I I I I I
loam:6 I I I I I I I I I I I I
(S76NC-195-008) I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I
All----------0-5 IA-7-6 I I I I I I I I I I I I
1 (22) 1 CL I --1 1001 1001 971 921 571 331 461 19 I 94 1 24
A13---------16-221A-7-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (18) 1 MH I ---1 1001 991 871 731 621 421 551 15 I 90 I 26
A14---------22-391A-7-5 I I I I I I I I I I I I
I (27)1 MH I --1 1001 991 881 761 621 541 561 26 I 88 I 27
IIClg-------39-521A-6(lo) I CL I --1 1001 991 761 581 401 321 321 16 I 110 1 15
1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1
lAltavista fine sandy loam: 0.7 mile west of ,junction of North Carolina Highways 58 and
1313; 0.3 mile northwest of North Carolina Highway 1313 on farm path; 600 feet north of path in
woods. This is not the typical pedon for the series.
2Goldsboro sandy loam: 0.25 mile east of ,junction of State Roads 1403 and 1404; 150 feet
south of State Road 1404 in field. This is not the typical pedon for the series.
3Gritney sandy loam: 3.6 miles east of Wilson on North Carolina Highway 42; 3,130 feet
south of North Carolina Highway 42 on farm path; 30 feet east of path in field. The surface
layer has a higher plasticity index than is typical because the soil is eroded and subsoil
material has been mixed with the surface layer in cultivation.
4Rains sandy loam: 0.2 mile east of ,junction of State Roads 1405 and 1002; 750 feet south
of State Road 1405 on path; 15 feet west. This is not the typical pedon for the series.
5Varina loamy sand: 1.1 miles northeast of ,junction of North Carolina Highway 581 and
State Road 1131; 150 feet north of State Road 1131 on path; 75 feet west of path in field.
6Wilbanks silt loam: 0.5 mile west of ,junction of U.S. Highway 301 and North Carolina
Highway 42 to Police Academy; 300 feet north of academy to path; 100 feet east on path.

112
TABLE 17.--CLASSIFICATION OF THE SOILS
Soil name I Family or higher taxonomic class
I
I
Altavista-----------------I Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Aquic Hapludults
Aycock--------------------I Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults
Bibb----------------------I Coarse-loamy, siliceous, acid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents
Chewacla------------------I Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts
Coxville------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleaquults
Duplin--------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Aquic Paleudults
Exum----------------------I Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Aquic Paleudults
Fuquay----------------------I Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleudults
Goldsboro-----------------I Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Paleudults
Grantham------------------I Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleaquults
Gritney-------------------I Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults
Marlboro------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Paleudults
Nankin---------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults
Nason---------------------I Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults
Norfolk-------------------I Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudults
Rains----------------------I Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleaquults
Roanoke-------------------I Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Ochraquults
Stallings-----------------I Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aerie Paleaquults
State-----------------------I Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults
Tarboro----------------------I Mixed, thermic Typic Udipsamments
Tatum---------------------I Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults
Toisnot-------------------I Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiaquults
Tomotley------------------I Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Ochraquults
Varina--------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Paleudults
Wagram--------------------I Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Paleudults
Wedowee-------------------I Clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults
Wehadkee------------------I Fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Fluvaquents
Wilbanks--------------------I Fine, mixed, acid, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts
I
,:;U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1 983-3 72-1 681206 5

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LEGEND
NORFOLK•GRITNEY-WAGRAM: Nearly level to strongly
sloping,well drained to moderately well drained soils that
have a loamy or clayey subsoil;on the Coastal Plain uplands
77°50'1 r
RAINS-GOLDSBORO: Nearly level,poorly drained and
moderately well drained soils that have a loamy subsoil;an
� r the Coastal Plain uplands
BUS ��C'fl
S5 1 �T��, 3 TQMflTLEY-ALTAV157A•57ATE: Nearly level and gently
22 - 2 �' sloping,poorly drained,moderately well drained,and well
Sot drained soils that have a loamy subsoil;on stream terraces
2 BIBB•WILBANKS-VVEHADKEE: Nearly level,poorly
I } 4 drained and very poorly drained soils that have a loamy or
78°00 clayey subsoil;an flood plains
I � _
4i I E]IrnCity ' TATUM-VIVEDOWEE•V AIR I NA: Nearly level to sloping,well
Eil I'r �
7 drained soils that have a clayey a loamy subsoil;on the
2 S ` 1 Piedmont uplands and the Coastal Plain uplands
3 Compiled 1981
264 2 {a I
56 �q
` 754 �•-- _ _ 1 -6 42
78'
I 7y
1
Ar�` n 5 WILSON 4 _ ?
5 5 58 \
Cr 3 5 2 =- 42 2 \ �'
k 1 1
1 3 264 2 m
G CunlrnlrPa i p v� -
D 3 4 ® :air o 7'417'
42 _ 2 x
4 I •GO
h 2 3 °40'
222
2 117 �
I •� p
1 . 4 4~ 3 Bla k .elk f 222 Q 264 �0
301—
I
C7 , :•y 4
,)yam 811E 2 C''MA '
95 581 3 1
_ y
222 58 A
s �Y U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
WAYNE COUNTY � J ��' SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,
NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE,
NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE,
AND WILSON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
GENERAL SOIL MAP
N WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
EMIF will awlhrred vn IN.mop ranslsa n1 Scale 1.190,080
morn 1Aw+-A.kind al wil, fhr nwp u thin
rrnw,rl!r gnn•ral plenary r,llhr.Ihw1 u bx'a 1 0 1 2 3 Miles
for dre rinnn ON the r.x•❑!syn rli,7n+z n
I�rll I
1 03 G Km
I I I I I 1 I

I �
Bus CIO
ss %zl
GOB _ 301 e
'5Q
78
Elm ity '
T,
-� Silver Lake �
Ilfiilt, shoot 8 1
-�G
Sil• tlt 1
264 ZW {l
254 k,
� a a2
Inset, shoat 3 ryoAfi Lae Wait" ,inset, shoot 7
78°10' Q �� s
SO"tNErrry W II SON �0�!
56
Cr 42
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wo Saratoga
u a
p� W Black Creek 222 264
� l' SLy Inset, sfaeet T
Inset, shoat
a Bus Crsrk Slantana6urg
� N
222
' WAYNE COUNTY
Inset, shoot A
i
INDEX TO MAR SHEETS
M WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Scale 1:190,060
1 0 1 2 3 Mires
f
1 0 3 6 Km

NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT,
NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE,
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE,
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA AND WILSON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
SOIL LEGEND CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIAL
SYMBOLS LEGEND
The fires tester of the map symbol,p[ways a capital,o the initial SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR
letter of The soil name. The second lever is a small letter. The
third latter,if used,rs a capital letter and connotes slope class. CULTURAL FEATURES
Symbols without a sldPe letter are for lever soils or miscelVanews SOIL SURVEY
areas. A final number 2 in she symbol shows the soil is oroded-
BOUNDARIES MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES SOIL DELINEATIONS AND SYMBOLS %OA was
NAME SYMBOL
NJtlnnal,state or Pro vince -- Farmstead,house is ESCARPMENTS
"A Altavista fine sandy roam,0 to 2 pe men sIorxs (omit In urban areas)
AyA Aycock vary One sandy loam,0 10 1 percent slopes County of parish Church Bedrock ••••••••••+•.....
Ayd Avooek very line Sandy:cam,
1 to 4 percent Slbpas
(points dawn SIL1PL)l
Sb Bibb loam Minor CiVII diy151Qn school
i Other than bedrock
Indian (points down slope)i
Co Coxville,sandy loam Reservation[national forest Of park, Indian mound(label) /1*aound SHORT STEEP SLOPE
........... .
DpA Du plin candy la art,0 to 2 percent stapes state forest or park,
and large airport/ .— rawer
Located object(label) 1.) GULLY •---•++^- �-�---
ExA Exu-Ts vary fine ss ndy loam,C to 2 perm nt slopes
Land grant
Fue fuquav loamy sand,0 to 6 percent slopes Tank[label] • DEPRESSION OR SINK
GQA Goldstxuo sandy loam,0 1p 2 percent slopes Limit of soil survey[label]
Walls,ail or gas SOIL SAMPLE SITE $
GpA G°ItlsborpUrhen land complex,0 tq 2 percent slopes � [normally not Shown]
Gr Grantham very finesandy loam Field soeel matchime 6 neatline
Gt02 Gritney sandy loam,2 to 5 percenT slopes,eroded Windmill it MISCELLANEOUS
GTC2 Gr itney so
nay loam,510 12 pare env slopes,eroded
Gu GrrineyUrban land complex,2 to 12 Percent slopes AD HOC.BOUNDARY[label] rw•�r---T
MaA Marlboro horny sand,0 to 2 percent slopes Kit Cnen mrdden "- Blowout �
MaB +ao•Iboms loamy sand,210 5 percent slopes Small airport,airfield,park,oiltield,
Cemetery,or FIDod Pool Clay spot
Ne82 Nankin sandy loam,2 to 6 Percent slopes,eroded STATE COORDINATE TICK
Nn6 Newri slit loam,2 to 8 pelL'ent slopes Gravelly spot 1s3 AC-) o
NnC Nasgn sill roam,6 To 12 percent topes
NoA Norfolk loamy sand,0102 percent slopes LAND DIVISION CORNERS ✓ —L + � WATER
T R FEATURES
Nob Norfolk loamy sane.2 to$percent slopes (sections and land grants] WA 1 ER I•'EA 1 L,J RL.7' Gumbo,slick or scabby sAot[sodic}
N u B Norfplk•Ilrban land complex,0 to 6 percent slopes ROADS
❑u Pits.❑uarries Dumps and other Slrrsiiar
❑ivrded(median shown DRAINAGE. non soil areas
Ra Rams sandy loam if scale per met s)
Rb Rains-Urbarr land complex Other roads Prominent hill or peak
Perennial,double line
Ho Roanoke loam
Rock outcrop r
Sa ssallinps fine tandy loam Trait/ ———-- (includes sandstone and Shale)
StA State loamy sand,0 to 3 percent slopes Perennial,single line
Saline spot
Tab Tarborosand.0 to 5parcent slopes ROAD EM SLEM&DE 51 GIN ATIONS Intermittent •>1
Tm6 Tatum loam,2 to 6 percent slopes Sandy spot [K5 Ac.)
To To,snoT loam Interstate r+ -
TT Tomatlsy fine sandy loam Drainage end r �+
Vd udcrthents,loamy Federal n7 Severely eroded tool (r3 A[.}
Canals or ditches 1
Ur Urban land
�1 Slide or slip Itlpi point upslp pe]-
VaA Verrna loamy wnd,0 to 2 percent slopes State L'J Double•llne[label]
VaB Venire IpamY sand, tq 6 perpant slopes
County,(armor ranch zu Stony spot,very stony spot 0 (D
was waa rain loamy sand,0 to 6 percent slopes Drainage and/or irrigation
wee Wedow Coarse sandy loam,2 tb 5 percent sl apes
weC We dor•ee coarse sandy loam,Bra 10 percent siopw RAILROAO F LAKES,PONDS AND RESERVOI RS
wh SVehadkee and Ch a will; rn la leas
WI, ii0banks Silt loam
POWER TRANSMISSION LINE Perennial
[normally not shown]
PIPE LINE
(normally not shown) Intermittent rnT't i f�
FENCE —x
(notmaiiy not shown) MISCELLANEOUS WATER FEATURES
LEVEES
Marsh or swamp yq
Wlthaul load II I11lr+1 imn
i rilrl Spring o.-
With road
+irinnnnire
L I'1,'1I With railroad Well,arlesran
rri rn rr l
Well,irrigation -0,
DAMS
Wet spot(s3 Ac.)
Large[to scale]
Medium or small wCrrr
PITS
Gravel pit 14
Mine or quarry (K5 Ac.) AA'

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 1
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, iVORTH CAROLiNA
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This map is compiled on 1974 aerial photography by the U.S. 1 0 1 2 3 Kirclneter5
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Scale - 1:24000
cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division
corners, if shown,are approximately positioned.
WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. I
SHEET NO. 1 of 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 2
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 2
SHKET NO. 2 OF 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 3
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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5
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WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLi'NA NO. 3
SHEET NO. 3 OF 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 4
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROL1NA NO. 4
SHEET NO. 4 OF 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 5
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
77052'30"
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This map is compiled on 1974 aerial photography by the U. S. t 0 Scale - 1:24QOfl1
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and 3 F[IlGrr,eters
cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division
corners, if shown, are approximately positioned.
WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 5
SHEET NO. 5 OF 9

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 6
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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corners, if shown,are approximately positioned.
WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 6
SHEET NO. 6 OF 9

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 7
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 7
SHEET NO. 7 OF 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 8
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
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cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division Scale - 1:24000
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WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 8
SHEET NO. 8 OF 9

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SHEET NUMBER 9
SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Tt ?300000 FE
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5 000 4 000 3 0o 0 2000 1 000 0 5 000 10 000 Feet
This map is compiled on 1974 aerial photography by the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and 1 .50 1 a 3 Kilometers
cooperating agencies. Coordinate grid ticks and land division Scale 1:24�00
corners, if shown,are approximately positioned.
WILSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA NO. 9
SHEET NO. 9 OF 9

WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region
Project/Site: Raleigh Road city/county: Wilson /Wilson Sampling Date: 5-14-2023
Applicant/Owner: Southbury State: NC Sampling Point: W1_A94
Investigator(s): Adam Carter Section,Township,Range: Wilson
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): HIIISIope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Convex Slope(%): 2%
Subregion(LRR or MLRA) LRRP Lat_ 35.753282 Long: -77.981633 Datum: NAD83
Soil Map Unit Name: NoB—Norfolk loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes NWI classification: Upland Forest
Are dimatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of yea0 Yes= No= (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed'=Are"Normal Circumstances°present? Yes= No
Are Vegetation=Soil=or Hydrology naturally problematic?=(If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transacts, important features, etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes= No 0
Hydric Soil Present? YesO No Is the Sampled Area
�/ ��
within a Wetland? Yes= No I v �
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes= No
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:Check all that apply) =Surface Soil Cracks(B6)
=Surface Water(Al) =Aquatic Fauna(B13) =Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8)
=High Water Table(A2) =Marl Deposits(B15)(LRR U) =Drainage Patterns(810)
=Saturation(A3) =Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) =Mass Trim Lines(B16)
=Water Marks(81) =Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) =Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
=Sediment Deposits(132) =Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) =Crayfish Burrows(C8)
=Drift Deposits(B3) =Recent Iran Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) =Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
=Algal Mat or Crust(B4) =Thin Muck Surface(C7) =Geomorphic Position(D2)
=Iron Deposits(135) =Other(Explain in Remarks) =Shallow Aquitard(D3)
=Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(87) =FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) Sphagnum moss(D8)(LRR T,U)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Water Table Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Saturation Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes 0 No=✓
includes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

Use scientific names of plants. Sampling Point: W1_A94
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test vrksheet:
Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species
•• ' 20% Yes FAC That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 11 (A)
Sweetgum8% Yes FAC+
Total Number of Dominant
Water•' (Quercus nigra) 5% NO FAC Species Across All Strata: 11 (B)
Percent of Dominant Species
That Are OBL, FACW,or FAC: 1 OO (A/B)
33 =Total Cover Prevalence Index worksheet:
10%of total cover: 6.6 Total%Cover of: MultiplybY
OBL species x 1 = 0
• 'es FAC+ FACW species x 2= 0
Lob lolly FAC FAC species x 3= 0
Willow• (Quercusphellos) FACW FACU species x 4= 0
Water•" " FAC UPL species x 5= 0
Column Totals: 0 (A) 0 (B)
Prevalence Index —B/A- NaN
H drophytic Vegetation Indicators:
'r)%of tntal Inver, 1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
2-Dominance Test is>50%
HollyAmerican 3-Prevalence Index is 153.0'
Chinese Privet • problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain)
Red Cedar(Juniperus virginiana)
'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
he nresent unless riisturherl nr nrnhlemsfir..
T'roa_1A/nnrlvnlantc avrinriinnninnrivvinac
+
Giant Cane(Arundinaria . •.
Grape(Vitis .. +

SOIL Sampling Point: W1_A94
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type Loc Texture Remarks
0-3 10YR5/3 100% LS
3-18 10YR6/4 100(h LS
18-24 10YR7/4 1001h LS
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains. 'Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3:
Histosol(Al) ❑ Polyvalue Below Surface(88)(LRR S,T, U) ❑1 cm Muck(A9)(LRR O)
Histic Epipedon(A2) ❑ Thin Dark Surface(S9)(LRR S,T, U) ❑2 cm Muck(A10)(LRR S)
❑Black Histic(A3) ❑_ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)(LRR O) HPiedmont
Reduced Vertic(F18)(outside MLRA 150A,B)
❑Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) ❑ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Floodplain Soils(F19)(LRR P,S,T)
❑Stratified Layers(A5) ❑_ Depleted Matrix(F3) ❑Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)
❑Organic Bodies(A6)(LRR P, T, U) ❑_ Redox Dark Surface(F6) (MLRA 15313)
❑5 cm Mucky Mineral(A7)(LRR P, T,U) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) Red Parent Material(TF2)
❑Muck Presence(A8)(LRR U) ❑ Redox Depressions(F8) HVery Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
01 cm Muck(A9)(LRR P,T) ❑ Marl(F10)(LRR U) ❑Other(Explain in Remarks)
❑Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) ❑ Depleted Ochric(F11)(MLRA 151)
❑Thick Dark Surface(Al2) ❑ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR O, P,T) 3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
❑Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(MLRA 150A) ❑ Umbric Surface(F13)(LRR P,T, U) wetland hydrology must be present,
❑Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1)(LRR O, S) ❑ Delta Ochric(F17)(MLRA 151) unless disturbed or problematic.
❑Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) ❑ Reduced Vertic(F18)(MLRA 150A,150113)
❑Sandy Redox(S5) ❑ Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(MLRA 149A)
❑Stripped Matrix(S6) 0 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)(MLRA 149A,153C, 153D)
❑Dark Surface(37)(LRR P, S,T, U)
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes❑, NoYl
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region
Project/Site: Raleigh Rd City/County: Wilson/Wilson Sampling Date: 5/14/2023
Applicant/Owner: SOUTHBURY DEVELOPMENT LLC State: NC Sampling Point: W1_A94
Investigator(s): Adam Carter section,Township,Range: Wilson
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): HIIISIope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave Slope(%): 3%
Subregion(LRR or MLRA) LRRP Lat: 35.754420 Long: -77.985103 Datum: NAD83
Soil Map Unit Name: Co—Coxville sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes NWI classification: Headwater Wetand
Are dimatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of yeah Yes= No= (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed'=Are"Normal Circumstances°present? Yes= No
Are Vegetation=Soil=or Hydrology naturally problematic?=(If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transacts, important features, etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes= No 0
Hydric Soil Present? Yes= No Is the Sampled Area
within a Wetland? Yes= No=
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes= Na
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:check all that apply) =Surface Soil Cracks(85)
=Surface Water(Al) =Aquatic Fauna(B13) =Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8)
=High Water Table(A2) =Marl Deposits(B15)(LRR U) =Drainage Patterns(810)
=Saturation(A3) =Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) =Mass Trim Lines(B16)
=Water Marks(81) =Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) =Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
=Sediment Deposits(132) =Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) =Crayfish Burrows(C8)
=Drift Deposits(133) =Recent Iran Reduction in Tilled Soils(06) =Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
=Algal Mat or Crust(B4) =Thin Muck Surface(C7) =Geomorphic Position(D2)
=Iron Deposits(135) =Other(Explain in Remarks) =Shallow Aquitard(D3)
=Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(87) =FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) Sphagnum moss(D8)(LRR T,U)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Water Table Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches): $Inches
Saturation Present? Yes= No Q Depth(inches): 3lncheS Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes 0✓ No=
includes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

',e scientific names of plants. Sampling Point: W1_A94
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test vrksheet:
%Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species
- 10 Yes FAC/lilill That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 10 (A)
Tulip Poplar(Liriodendron tulipifera) FACI.W
Water• • Total Number of Dominant
FAC Species Across All Strata: 12 (B)
Swamp Chestnut•, • - FACW
Percent of Dominant Species 83.3333332
That Are OBL, FACW,or FAC: (A/B)
=Total Cover Prevalence Index worksheet:
20%of total cover: 6 Total%Cover of: MultiplybY
OBL species x 1 = 0
. -.. . .. . . FACt4 FACW species x 2= 0
Red . - FAC species x 3= 0
Swamp Chestnut•- • rH�,vV FACU species x 4= 0
UPL species x 5= 0
Column Totals: 0 (A) 0 (B)
Prevalence Index —B/A— NaN
n°i of total Inver
H drophytic Vegetation Indicators:
3.H 1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
'))-r)nminnnrr Tact ie�M
Redb"' " " i roDiemauc hyoropnyuc vegetation'(Explain)
Red
_ Cedar _ CAM J
'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
he nresent unless riiOurhPO nr nrnhlemsfir.
• • •. r-AnlAr
Cinnamon • •, • +
Rush(Juncus •• +
Laurel-leaved Greenbrier,Bamboo Vine(Smilax lauirfolia) +
Greenbrier,Saw . ••
Roundleaf Greenbrier • ..
YellowVirginia Creeper(Parthenocissuc quinquefolia)
•-

SOIL Sampling Point: W1_A94
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type Loc Texture Remarks
0-3 10YR4/2 100% SL
3-14 10YR5/2 95% 10YR6/6 5% C M SL
14-24 10YR5/1 90% 10YR6/6 100 C M SL
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains. 'Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3:
Histosol(Al) ❑ Polyvalue Below Surface(88)(LRR S,T, U) ❑1 cm Muck(A9)(LRR O)
Histic Epipedon(A2) ❑ Thin Dark Surface(S9)(LRR S,T, U) ❑2 cm Muck(A10)(LRR S)
❑Black Histic(A3) ❑_ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)(LRR O) HPiedmont
Reduced Vertic(F18)(outside MLRA 150A,B)
❑Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) ❑ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Floodplain Soils(F19)(LRR P,S,T)
❑Stratified Layers(A5) ❑_ Depleted Matrix(F3) ❑Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)
❑Organic Bodies(A6)(LRR P, T, U) ❑_ Redox Dark Surface(F6) (MLRA 15313)
❑5 cm Mucky Mineral(A7)(LRR P, T,U) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) Red Parent Material(TF2)
❑Muck Presence(A8)(LRR U) ❑ Redox Depressions(F8) HVery Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
01 cm Muck(A9)(LRR P,T) ❑ Marl(F10)(LRR U) ❑Other(Explain in Remarks)
❑Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) ❑ Depleted Ochric(F11)(MLRA 151)
❑Thick Dark Surface(Al2) ❑ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR O, P,T) 3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
❑Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(MLRA 150A) ❑ Umbric Surface(F13)(LRR P,T, U) wetland hydrology must be present,
❑Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1)(LRR O, S) ❑ Delta Ochric(F17)(MLRA 151) unless disturbed or problematic.
❑Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) ❑ Reduced Vertic(F18)(MLRA 150A,150113)
❑✓ Sandy Redox(S5) ❑ Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(MLRA 149A)
❑Stripped Matrix(S6) 0 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)(MLRA 149A,153C, 153D)
❑Dark Surface(37)(LRR P, S,T, U)
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? YesEZI No=
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region
Project/Site: Raleigh Road city/county: Wilson/Wilson Sampling Date: 5/14/2023
Applicant/Owner: Southbury Development,LLC State: NC Sampling Point: W2_J44
Investigator(s): Adam Carter section,Township,Range: Wilson
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): HIIISIope Local relief(concave,convex,none): None Slope(%): 2%
Subregion(LRR or MLRA) LRRP Lat: 35.751645 Long: -77.987365 Datum: NAD83
Soil Map Unit Name: WaB—Wagram loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes NWI classification: Upland Forest
Are dimatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of yea0 Yes= No= (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed'=Are"Normal Circumstances°present? Yes= No
Are Vegetation=Soil=or Hydrology naturally problematic?=(If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transacts, important features, etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes= No 0
Hydric Soil Present? YesO No Is the Sampled Area
�/ ��
within a Wetland? Yes= No I v �
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes= No
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Secondary Indicators(minimum of two required)
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:Check all that apply) =Surface Soil Cracks(B5)
=Surface Water(Al) =Aquatic Fauna(B13) =Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8)
=High Water Table(A2) =Marl Deposits(B15)(LRR U) =Drainage Patterns(810)
=Saturation(A3) =Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) =Mass Trim Lines(B16)
=Water Marks(81) =Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) =Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
=Sediment Deposits(132) =Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) =Crayfish Burrows(C8)
=Drift Deposits(B3) =Recent Iran Reduction in Tilled Soils(06) =Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
=Algal Mat or Crust(B4) =Thin Muck Surface(C7) =Geomorphic Position(D2)
=Iron Deposits(135) =Other(Explain in Remarks) =Shallow Aquitard(D3)
=Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(87) =FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) Sphagnum moss(D8)(LRR T,U)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Water Table Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Saturation Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes 0 No=✓
includes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

Use scientific names of plants. Sampling Point: W2_J44
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test vrksheet:
•• • %Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species
es FAC That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: $ (A)
FAC+
10 Total Number of Dominant
Tulip Poplar •' ' ' Jo FACIW Species Across All Strata: 9 (B)
Water.. " Jo FAC
American Beech(Fagus 10 Amer Percent of Dominant Species 88 8888888
• ■ That Are OBL, FACW,or FAC: (A/B)
=Total Cover Prevalence Index worksheet:
10%of total cover: 7 Total%Cover of: MultiplybY
OBL species x 1 = 0
• " es FAC FACW species x 2= 0
Black Cherry(Prunus • 'r-io NO FACU FAC species x 3= 0
Sweetgum 'es FAC+ FACU species x 4= 0
•' • FAC UPL species x 5= 0
Column Totals: 0 (A) 0 (B)
Prevalence Index —B/A— NaN
Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators:
'r)%of tntal Inver, .S`F _. r _. _ —lion
HollyAmerican ... ■
Chinese Privet(Ligustrum sinese)
�i roDiemauc hyoropnyuc vegetation (Explain)
Horse-sugar,Sweetleaf .. .
'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
he nresent unless riiOurhPO nr nrnhlemsfir..
T'roa_1A/nnrlvnlantc avrinriinnninnrivvinac
•• • -- • • - • • rnn1 1 I
Grape(Vitis .•Virginia Creeper(Parthenocissuc quinquefolia)
Cat • - • .

SOIL Sampling Point: W2 J44
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type Loc Texture Remarks
0-3 10YR4/4 100% LS
3-10 10YR5/6 100(h LS
10-24 10YR7/6 1001h LS
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains. 'Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3:
Histosol(Al) ❑ Polyvalue Below Surface(88)(LRR S,T, U) ❑1 cm Muck(A9)(LRR O)
Histic Epipedon(A2) ❑ Thin Dark Surface(S9)(LRR S,T, U) ❑2 cm Muck(A10)(LRR S)
❑Black Histic(A3) ❑_ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)(LRR O) HPiedmont
Reduced Vertic(F18)(outside MLRA 150A,B)
❑Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) ❑ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Floodplain Soils(F19)(LRR P,S,T)
❑Stratified Layers(A5) ❑_ Depleted Matrix(F3) ❑Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)
❑Organic Bodies(A6)(LRR P, T, U) ❑_ Redox Dark Surface(F6) (MLRA 15313)
❑5 cm Mucky Mineral(A7)(LRR P, T,U) Depleted Dark Surface(F7) Red Parent Material(TF2)
❑Muck Presence(A8)(LRR U) ❑ Redox Depressions(F8) HVery Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
01 cm Muck(A9)(LRR P,T) ❑ Marl(F10)(LRR U) ❑Other(Explain in Remarks)
❑Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) ❑ Depleted Ochric(F11)(MLRA 151)
❑Thick Dark Surface(Al2) ❑ Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR O, P,T) 3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
❑Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(MLRA 150A) ❑ Umbric Surface(F13)(LRR P,T, U) wetland hydrology must be present,
❑Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1)(LRR O, S) ❑ Delta Ochric(F17)(MLRA 151) unless disturbed or problematic.
❑Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) ❑ Reduced Vertic(F18)(MLRA 150A,150113)
❑Sandy Redox(S5) ❑ Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(MLRA 149A)
❑Stripped Matrix(S6) 0 Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)(MLRA 149A,153C, 153D)
❑Dark Surface(37)(LRR P, S,T, U)
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes❑, NoYl
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region
Project/Site: Raleigh Road city/county: Wilson/Wilson Sampling Date: 5/14/2023
Applicant/Owner: Southbury Development, LLC State: NC Sampling Point: W2_J94
Investigator(s): Adam Carter section,Township,Range: Wilson
Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): HIIISIope Local relief(concave,convex,none): Concave Slope(%): 2%
Subregion(LRR or MLRA) LRRP Lat: 35.751362 Long: -77.987661 Datum: NAd83
Soil Map Unit Name: Bb—Bibb loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded NWI classification. Headwater Wetland
Are dimatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of yea0 Yes= No= (If no,explain in Remarks.)
Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly disturbed'=Are"Normal Circumstances°present? Yes= No
Are Vegetation=Soil=or Hydrology naturally problematic?=(If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.)
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transacts, important features, etc.
Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes= No 0
Hydric Soil Present? Yes= No Is the Sampled Area
within a Wetland? Yes= No=
Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes= Na
Remarks:
HYDROLOGY
Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Secondary Indicators(minimum of two reguiLed)
Primary Indicators(minimum of one is required:Check all that apply) =Surface Soil Cracks(85)
=Surface Water(Al) =Aquatic Fauna(B13) =Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8)
=High Water Table(A2) =Marl Deposits(B15)(LRR U) =Drainage Patterns(810)
_✓ Saturation(A3) =Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) =Mass Trim Lines(B16)
=Water Marks(81) =Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) =Dry-Season Water Table(C2)
=Sediment Deposits(132) =Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) =Crayfish Burrows(C8)
=Drift Deposits(133) =Recent Iran Reduction in Tilled Soils(06) =Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9)
=Algal Mat or Crust(B4) =Thin Muck Surface(C7) =Geomorphic Position(D2)
=Iron Deposits(135) =Other(Explain in Remarks) =Shallow Aquitard(D3)
=Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(87) =FAC-Neutral Test(D5)
Water-Stained Leaves(69) Sphagnum moss(D8)(LRR T,U)
Field Observations:
Surface Water Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Water Table Present? Yes= No= Depth(inches):
Saturation Present? Yes= No Q Depth(inches): 1 OlncheS Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes 0✓ No=
includes capillary fringe)
Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available:
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0

',e scientific names of plants. Sampling Point: W2_J94
Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test vrksheet:
%Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species
River Birch(Betula nigra) 10% Yes FACW That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 10 (A)
Red Maple(Acer rubrum) /e� FAC/�j
Total Number of Dominant
Black gum(Nyssa sylvatica) Ie FAC Species Across All Strata: 10 (B)
Swamp Chestnut•. • o FACW
Percent of Dominant Species
That Are OBL, FACW,or FAC: 1 OO (A/B)
26 =Total Cover Prevalence Index worksheet:
0 20%of total cover: 5.2 Total%Cover of: MultiplybY
OBL species x 1 = 0
River Birch(Betula nigra) P:Ar,,W FACW species x 2= 0
Red . - 4111 FAC species x 3= 0
Tulip ..- • . - FACU species x 4= 0
JPL species x 5= 0
Totals: 0 (A) 0 (B)
evalence Index —B/A— NaN
0%of tntal Inver J
H drophytic Vegetation Indicators:
1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation
'))-r)nminnnrr Tact ie�M
• ••. ■
�i roDiemauc hyoropnyuc vegetation'(Explain)
Bitter gallberry, . • .. .
Red Maple(Acer rubrum) + 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must
he nresent unless riisturherl nr nrnhlemafir.
T'roa_1A/nnrlvnlanfc avrinriinnninnrivvinac
Giant Cane
(Arundinaria• •.
Sensitive Fern •
Grape •• +
Laurel-leaved Greenbrier, •••Vine • +
Greenbrier,Saw • ••

SOIL Sampling Point: W2_J94
Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.)
Depth Matrix Redox Features
(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type Loc Texture Remarks
0-3 10YR5/2 100% L
3-15 10YR6/1 96% 10YR6/6 4% C M LS
15-24 10YR7/1 90% 10YR6/6 10% C M LS
'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix, MS=Masked Sand Grains. 'Location: PL=Pore Lining, M=Matrix.
Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils3:
Histosol(Al) ❑ Polyvalue Below Surface(88)(LRR S,T, U) 1 cm Muck(A9)(LRR O)
Histic Epipedon(A2) ❑ Thin Dark Surface(S9)(LRR S,T, U) 2 cm Muck(A10)(LRR S)
Black Histic(A3) ❑ Loamy Mucky Mineral(F1)(LRR O) Reduced Vertic(F18)(outside MLRA 150A,B)
Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) ❑ Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(LRR P,S,T)
Stratified Layers(A5) ❑_ Depleted Matrix(F3) Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)
OOrganic Bodies(A6)(LRR P, T, U) ❑ Redox Dark Surface(F6) (MLRA 15313)
0 5 cm Mucky Mineral(A7)(LRR P, T,U) ❑ Depleted Dark Surface(F7) Red Parent Material(TF2)
0 Muck Presence(A8)(LRR U) �_ Redox Depressions(F8) Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12)
01 cm Muck(A9)(LRR P,T) ❑_ Marl(F10)(LRR U) Other(Explain in Remarks)
0 Depleted Below Dark Surface(A11) ❑_ Depleted Ochric(F11)(MLRA 151)
Q Thick Dark Surface(Al2) 0 Iron-Manganese Masses(F12)(LRR O, P,T) 3Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and
Coast Prairie Redox(A16)(MLRA 150A) ❑ Umbric Surface(F13)(LRR P,T, U) wetland hydrology must be present,
Sandy Mucky Mineral (S1)(LRR O, S) ❑ Delta Ochric(F17)(MLRA 151) unless disturbed or problematic.
Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) ❑ Reduced Vertic(F18)(MLRA 150A,150113)
✓ Sandy Redox(S5) ❑ Piedmont Floodplain Soils(F19)(MLRA 149A)
Stripped Matrix(S6) ❑ Anomalous Bright Loamy Soils(F20)(MLRA 149A,153C, 153D)
Dark Surface(37)(LRR P, S,T, U)
Restrictive Layer(if observed):
Type:
Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yesyl NoE]
Remarks:
US Army Corps of Engineers Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Region—Version 2.0