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HomeMy WebLinkAbout820539_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410U State of North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Resources Animal Waste Management Systems Request for Certification of Coverage Facility Currently covered by an Expiring Sate Non -Discharge General Permit On September 30, 2019, the North Carolina State Non -Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will expire. As required by these permits, facilities that have been issued Certificates of Coverage to operate under these State Non -Discharge General Permits must apply for renewal at least 180 days prior to their expiration date. Therefore, all applications must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3, 2019. Please do not leave any question unanswered Please verify all information and make any necessary corrections below. Application must be signed and dated by the Permittee. 1. Farm Number: 82-0539 Certificate Of Coverage Number: 2. Facility Name: Pine Ridge Pigs. LLC 3. Landowner's Name (same as on the Waste Management Plan): Tirnm4 Hairr 4. Landowner's Mailing Address: 675 Britt Rd City: Newton Grove State: NC Telephone Number: 910-990-0577 Ext. E-mail: ,^, 11 5. Facility's Physical Address: 1(Qo % Aviv- ec6� K-A City: Clinton State: NC 6. County where Facility is located: Sampson 7. Farm Manager's Name (if different from Landowner): 8. Farm Manager's telephone number (include area code): 9. Integrator's Name (if there is not an Integrator, write "None"): 10. Operator Name (OIC): Jasper R. Barber 11. Lessee's Name (if there is not a Lessee, write "None"): 12. Indicate animal operation type and number: Current Permit: Operations Type Swine - Wean to Feeder Operation Types: Murphy -Brown LLC Phone No.: 910-214-1522 Allowable Count 8,700 AWS820539 Zip: 28366 Zip: 28328 OIC #: 17794 Swine Cattle Dry Poultry Other Types Wean to Finish Dairy Calf Non Laying Chickens Horses - Horses Wean to Feeder Dairy Heifer Laying Chickens Horses - Other Farrow to Finish Milk Cow Pullets Sheep- Sheep Feeder to Finish Dry Cow Turkeys Sheep - Other Farrow to Wean Beef Stocker Calf Turkey Pullet Farrow to Feeder Beef Feeder Boar/Stud Beef Broad Cow Wet Poultry Gilts Other Non Laying Pullet Other Layers VVVWQ"1 .Rpoional C ionsSecu(o 13. Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary corrections and provide missing data.) Structure Name Estimated Date Built Liner Type (Clay, Synthetic, Unknown) Capacity (Cubic Feet) Estimated Surface Area (Square Feet) Design Freeboard "Redline" (Inches) 1 r ] 344,767.00 176 19.00 Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application as required by NC General Statutes 143-215.1OC(d) to the address below. The CAWMP must include the following components: 1. The most recent Waste Utilization Plan (WUP), signed by the owner and a certified technical soecialist, containing: a. The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields (e.g. irrigation, injection, etc_) b. A map of every field used for land application (for example: irrigation map) c. The soil series present on every land application field d. The crops grown on every land application field e. The Realistic Yield Expectation (RYE) for every crop shown in the WUP f. The maximum PAN to be applied to every land application field g. The waste application windows for every crop utilized in the WUP h. The required NRCS Standard specifications 2. A site map/schematic 3. Emergency Action Plan 4. Insect Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted 5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted 6. Mortality Control Checklist with selected method noted - Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist 7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and complete. Also provide any site evaluations, wetland determinations, or hazard classifications that may be applicable to your facility. 8. Operation and Maintenance Plan If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal. (e.g. composting, digesters, waste transfers, etc.) As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the application and all the CAWMP items above to: 2019PermitRenewal@ncdenr.gov I attest that this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that, if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application package will be returned to me as incomplete. Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application may be subject to civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both for a similar offense.) Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a corporation, signature should be by a principal executive officer of the corporation): Name: _ 1 J fir? �►" Title: ntq die Signature,' i Date: ✓ - ^ Name Title: Signature: Date: Name: Signature: Title: Date: THE COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: NCDEQ-DWR Animal Feeding Operations Program 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636 Telephone number: (919) 707-9100 E-mail: 2019PermitRenewal@ncdenr.gov FORM: RENEWAL -STATE GENERAL 02/2019 Nutrient Management Plan For animal Waste Utilization This plan has been prepared for: Rusty Barber Rusty Barber 1705 Pope Road Clinton, NC 28328 (910) 533-3714 09-25-2005 This plan has been developed by: Greer Moore Private PO Box 338�'i Harrells, 28444 (910) 532�449 Developer Signature Type of Plan: Nitrogen Only with Manure Only Owner/Manager/Producer Agreement I (we) understand and agree to the specifications and the operation and maintenance procedures established in this nutrient management plan which includes an animal waste utilization plan for the farm named above. I have read and understand the Required Specifications concerning animal waste management that are included with this plan. ..� 3 _ i¢- ) Signature (owner) Date Signature (manager or producer) Date This plan meets the minimum standards and specifications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service or the standard of practices adopted by the Soil and Water C"knservation Commission. r i Plan Approved By: -�� ✓f �-� Technical Speciali t Signature Date r' 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Cover Page 1 Nutrients applied in accordance with this plan will be supplied from the following source(s): Commercial Fertilizer is not included in this plan. S5 Swine Nursery Lagoon Liquid waste generated 1,661,700 gals/year by a 8,700 animal Swine Nursery Lagoon Liquid operation. This production facility has waste storage capacities of approximately 0 days. Estimated Pounds of Plant Available Nitrogen Generated per Year Broadcast 3827 Incorporated 6573 Injected 7239 Irrigated 4160 Actual PAN Applied (Pounds) Actual Volume Applied (Gallons) Volume Surplus/Deficit (Gallons) Year 1 4,196.50 1,676,254 -14,554 Note: In source ID, S means standard source, U means user defined source. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Source Page 1 of 1 Narrative Grower may apply on CB through Oct 15th , unless frost occurs first. If frost occurs prior to October I Sth, then all irrigation applications will be credited from the SGO PAN rates. Grower has option of applying waste by way of aerway. Sub field acres (Sub -A) were calculated by deducting wettable acres from total field acres, then from remaining field acreage deducting the required buffer parameters leaving the additional acreage also available for aerway application. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Narrative Page 1 of 1 The table shown below provides a summary ofthe crops or rotations included in this plan for each field. Realistic Yield estimates are also provided for each crop in the plan. In addition, the Leaching Index for each field is shown, where available. Planned Crops Summary Tract Field Total Acres Useable Acres Leaching Index (LI) Soil Series Crop Sequence RYE 7439 IA 5.20 5.20 N/A Norfolk Small Grain Overseed 1.0 Tons Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons 7439 1B 4.23 4.23 N/A Norfolk Small Grain Overseed 1.0 Tons Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons 7439 1C 1.80 1.80 N/A Norfolk Small Grain Overseed 1.0 Tons Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons 7439 1D 0.94 0.94 N/A Norfolk Small Grain Overseed 1 0 Tons Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons 7439 Sub -A 1.63 1.63 N/A Norfolk Small Grain Overseed 1.0 Tons Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons PLAN TOTALS: 13.80 13.80 LI Potential Leaching Technical Guidance < 2 Low potential to contribute to soluble None �lutrient leaching below the root zone. >_ 2 & Moderate potential to contribute to Nutrient Management (590) should be planned. <=10 soluble nutrient leaching below the root zone. High potential to contribute to soluble Nutrient Management (590) should be planned. Other conservation practices that nutrient leaching below the root zone. improve the soils available water holding capacity and improve nutrient use efficiency > 10 should be considered. Examples are Cover Crops (340) to scavenge nutrients, Sod -Based Rotations (3 28), Long -Term No-Til 1 (778), and edge -of -field practices such as Filter Strips (393) and Riparian Forest Buffers (391). L 1')'1 A 7 rlwtwh.— V—in„ i 1 n.ta P'i„tn j of')cMnnS The Waste Utilization table shown below summarizes the waste utilization plan for this operation. This plan provides an estimate of the number of acres of cropland needed to use the nutrients being produced. The plan requires consideration of the realistic yields of the crops to be grown, their nutrient requirements, and proper timing of applications to maximize nutrient uptake. This table provides an estimate of the amount of nitrogen required by the crop being grown and an estimate of the nitrogen amount being supplied by manure other by-products, commercial fertilizer and residual from previous crops. An estimate of the quantity of solid and liquid waste that will be applied on each field order to supply the indicated quantity of nitrogen from each source is also included. A balance of the total manure produced and the total manure applied is included in the table to ensure that the plan adequately provides for the utilization of the manure generated by the operation. Waste Tract Field ID 7439 IA S5 7439 lA S5 7439 1B S5 7439 113 S5 7439 1C S5 7439 1C S5 7439 1D S5 7439 11) S5 7439 Sub -A S5 Table Y Total I Use. Soil Series Acres Acres Y Nitrogen Comm Res. Manure Liquid Solid Liquid Solid PA Fert. (lbs/A) PA ManureA Manure Manure Manure Nutrient Nutrient Nutrient ppffed Applied Applied Applied Rod Applied Applied (acre) (acre) (Field) (Field) (lbs/A) pbs/A) (lbs/A) Applic. APpbc. 1000 Crop RYE Period N N N Method N gal/A Tons 1000 gals tons 5.20 5.201 Small Grain Overseed LO Tons 10/1-3/31 50 1 0 0 5.20 5.201 Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons *3/1-10/15 *260 0 0 4.23 4.23 Small Grain Overseed 1.0 Tons 1011-3/31 50 0 0 4.23 4.23 Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons *3/1-10/15 *260 0 0 1.80 1.80 Small Grain Overseed LO Tons 10/1-3/31 50 0 0 1.80 1.80 Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons *3/1-10/15 *260 0 0 0.94 0.94 Small Grain Overseed LO Tons 10/1-3/31 50 0 0 0.94 0.94 Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons *3/1-10/15 *260 1 0 1 0 1.63 1.63 Hybrid Bermudagrass Pasture 6.5 Tons 1 *3/1-10/15 *260 1 0 1 0 Notes: I . In the tract column, - symbol means leased, otherwise, owned. 2. Symbol * means user entered data. 51324" ) Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 9/25/2004 brig. 50 19.97 0.0 103.86 0.01 Irrig. 260 103.86 0.00 540.04 0.01 Irrig. 50 19.97 0,00 84.48 0.01 Irrig. 260 103.86 0.00 439.31 0.01 Irrig. 50 19.97 0.00 35.95 0.01 Irrig. 260 103.86 0.00 I86.94 0.01 Irrig. 50 19.97 0.00.18.77 0.01 Irrig. 260 103.86 0.00 97.62 O.Ot brig. 260 103.86 0.00 169.28 0.01 Total Applied, 1000 gallons 1.676.25 Total Produced, 1000 gallons 1,661.70 Balance, 1000 gallons -14.55 Total Applied, tons 0.01 Total Produced, tons 0.01 Balance, tons 0.01 WUT Page 1 of l The Irrigation Application Factors for each field in this plan are shown in the following table. Infiltration rate varies with soils. If applying waste nutrients through an irrigation system, you must apply at a rate that will not result in runoff. This table provides the maximum application rate per hour that may be applied to each field selected to receive wastewater. It also lists the maximum application amount that each field may receive in any one application event. Irrigation Application Factors Tract Field Soil Series Application Rate (inches/hour) Application Amount (inches) 7439 IA Norfolk 0.50 1.0 7439 1B Norfolk 0.50 1.0 7439 lc Norfolk 0.50 1.0 7439 1D Norfolk 0.50 1.0 7439 Sub -A Norfolk 0.50 1.0 et 1n A17 n..+,.1......, 11 "-.-T's-..+-A ninc;nnnc TAr T).. _ 1 -47 1 The following Lagoon Sludge Nitrogen Utilization table provides an estimate of the number of acres needed for sludge utilization for the indicated accumulation period. These estimates are based on average nitrogen concentrations for each source, the number of animals in the facility and the plant available nitrogen application rates shown in the second column. Lagoon sludge contains nutrients and organic matter remaining after treatment and application ofthe effluent. At clean out, this material must be utilized for crop production and applied at agronomic rates. In most cases, the priority nutrient is nitrogen but other nutrients including phosphorous, copper and zinc can also be limiting. Since nutrient levels are generally very high, application of sludge must be carefully applied. Sites must first be evaluated for their suitability for sludge application. Ideally, effluent spray fields should not be used for sludge application. If this is not possible, care should be taken not to load effluent application fields with high amounts ofcopper and zinc so that additional effluent cannot be applied. On sites vulnerable to surface water moving to streams and lakes, phosphorous is a concern. Soils containing very high phosphorous levels may also be a concern. Lagoon Sludge Nitrogen Utilization Table Maximum Crop PA-N Rate lb/ac Maximum Sludge Application Rate 1000 gal/ac Minimum Acres 5 Years Accumulation Minimum Acres 10 Years Accumulation Minimum Acres 15 Years Accumulation Swine Nursery Lagoon Sludge - Standard :orn 120 bu 150 13.16 22.14 44.29 66.43 lay 6 ton R.Y.E. 300 26.32 11.07 22.14 33.22 Soybean 40 bu 1 160 14.04 20.76 41.52 62.28 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Sludge Page 1 of 1 The Available Waste Storage Capacity table provides an estimate of the number of days of storage capacity available at the end of each month ofthe plan. Available storage capacity is calculated as the design storage capacity in days minus the number of days of net storage volume accumulated. The start daze is a value entered by the user and is defined as the date prior to applying nutrients to the first crop in the plan at which storage volume in the lagoon or holding pond is equal to zero. Available storage capacity should be greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to the design storage capacity ofthe facility. If the available storage capacity is greater than the design storage capacity, this indicates that the plan calls for the application of nutrients that have not yet accumulated. If available storage capacity is negative, the estimated volume of accumulated waste exceeds the design storage volume of the structure. Either of these situations indicates that the planned application interval in the waste utilization plan is inconsistent with the structure's temporary storage capacity. Available Waste Storage f'an7ciiv Source Name Design Storage Ca acit j (Days) Start Date Plan Year Month Available Storage Capacity (Days) * Available Storage Capacity is calculated as of the end of each month. RF-CE1VE1UXCZZ=M qR 0 3 20ig tiVVWQUallhr RegiOMI OMrationsSeCtion Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Capacity Page 1 of 1 Required Specifications For Animal Waste Management 1. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift, manmade conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during operation or land application. Any discharge of waste that reaches surface water is prohibited. 2. There must be documentation in the design folder that the producer either owns or has an agreement for use of adequate land on which to properly apply the waste. If the producer does not own adequate land to properly dispose of the waste, he/she shall provide evidence of an agreement with a landowner, who is within a reasonable proximity, allowing him/her the use of the land for waste application. It is the responsibility of the owner of the waste production facility to secure an update of the Nutrient Management Plan when there is a change in the operation, increase in the number of animals, method of application, receiving crop type, or available land. 3. Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the nitrogen needs for realistic crop yields based upon soil type, available moisture, historical data, climatic conditions, and level of management, unless there are regulations that restrict the rate of applications for other nutrients. 4. Animal waste shall be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre per year. Waste may be applied to land eroding at more than 5 tons per acre per year but less than 10 tons per acre per year provided grass filter strips are installed where runoff leaves the field (see USDA, NRCS Field Office Technical Guide Standard 393 - Filter Strips). 5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or by disking after waste application. Waste should not be applied when there is danger of drift from the land application field. 6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, waste will be soil incorporated on conventionally tilled cropland. When waste is applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the waste may be broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone to flooding (see "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" for guidance). 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 9/25/2005 Specification Page 1 15. Animal waste shall not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways, or wetlands by a discharge or by over -spraying. Animal waste may be applied to prior converted cropland provided the fields have been approved as a land application site by a "technical specialist". Animal waste shall not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly into water courses, and on other grassed waterways, waste shall be applied at agronomic rates in a manner that causes no runoff or drift from the site. 16. Domestic and industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets, sinks, etc., shall not be discharged into the animal waste management system. 17. A protective cover of appropriate vegetation will be established on all disturbed areas (lagoon embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). Areas shall be fenced, as necessary, to protect the vegetation. Vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and other woody species, etc., are limited to areas where considered appropriate. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and accessible. Berms and structures should be inspected regularly for evidence of erosion, leakage, or discharge. 18. If animal production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a "closure plan" which will eliminate the possibility of an illegal discharge, pollution, and erosion. 19. Waste handling structures, piping, pumps, reels, etc., should be inspected on a regular basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks, and spills. A regular maintenance checklist should be kept on site. 20. Animal waste can be used in a rotation that includes vegetables and other crops for direct human consumption. However, if animal waste is used on crops for direct human consumption, it should only be applied pre -plant with no further applications of animal waste during the crop season. 21. Highly visible markers shall be installed to mark the top and bottom elevations of the temporary storage (pumping volume) of all waste treatment lagoons. Pumping shall be managed to maintain the liquid level between the markers. A marker will be required to mark the maximum storage volume for waste storage ponds. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 9/25/2005 Specification Page 3 7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration rate such that runoff does not occur offsite or to surface waters and in a method which does not cause drift from the site during application. No ponding should occur in order to control odor and flies. 8. Animal waste shall not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall events, or when the soil surface is frozen. 9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a manner that the crop is not covered with waste to a depth that would inhibit growth. The potential for salt damage from animal waste should also be considered. 10. Nutrients from waste shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring planted crops on soils with a high potential for leaching. Waste/nutrient loading rates on these soils should be held to a minimum and a suitable winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of the crop or forages brealdng dormancy. 11. Any new swine facility sited on or after October 1,1995 shall comply with the following: The outer perimeter of the land area onto which waste is applied from a lagoon that is a component of a swine farm shall be at least 50 feet from any residential property boundary and canal. Animal waste, other than swine waste from facilities sited on or after October 1,1995, shall not be applied closer that 25 feet to perennial waters. 12. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells. 13. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other than those owned by the landowner. 14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and public right-of-ways. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 9/25/2005 Specification Page 2 22. Waste shall be tested within 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested at least annually at crop sites where waste products are applied. Nitrogen shall be the rate -determining nutrient, unless other restrictions require waste to be applied based on other nutrients, resulting in a lower application rate than a nitrogen based rate. Zinc and copper levels in the soils shall be monitored and alternative crop sites shall be used when these metals approach excessive levels. pH shall be adjusted and maintained for optimum crop production. Soil and waste analysis records shall be kept for a minimum of five years. Poultry dry waste application records shall be maintained for a minimum of three years. Waste application records for all other waste shall be maintained for five (5) years. 23. Dead animals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina regulations. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 9/25/2005 Specification Page 4 Crop Notes The following crop note applies to field(s): IA, 1B, 1C, 1D, Sub -A Small Grain: CP, Mineral Soil, medium leachable In the Coastal Plain, oats and barley should be planted from October 15-October 30; and rye from October 15-November 20. For barley, plant 22 seed/drill row foot and increase the seeding rate by 5% for each week seeding is delayed beyond the optimum time. See the seeding rates table for applicable seeding rate modifications in the current NCSU "Small Grain Production Guide". Also, increase the initial seeding rate by at least 10% when planting no -till. Oats should be planted at 2 bushels/acre and rye at 1-1 1/2 bushels/acre. Plant all these small grains at 1-1 1/2" deep. Adequate depth control is essential. Review the NCSU Official Variety "green book" and information from private companies to select a high yielding variety with the characteristics needed for your area and conditions. Apply no more than 30 lbs/acre N at planting. Phosphorus and potash recommended by a soil test can also be applied at this time. The remaining N should be applied during the months of February -March. The following crop note applies to field(s): IA, 1B, 1C, 1D, Sub -A Bermudagrass: CP, Mineral Soil, Moderately Well Drained. Adaptation: Well -adapted. In the Coastal Plain, hybrid bermudagrass sprigs can be planted Mar. 1 to Mar. 31. Cover sprigs 1" to 3" deep (1.5" optimal). Sprigs should be planted quickly after digging and not allowed to dry in sun and wind. For Coastal and Tifton 78 plant at least 10 bu/ac in 3' rows, spaced 2' to 3' in the row. Generally a rate of 30 bu/ac is satisfactory to produce full groundcover in one or two years under good growing conditions. Tifton 44 spreads slowly, so use at least 40 bu/ac in 1.5' to 2' rows spaced V to 1.5' in row. For broadcast/disked-in sprigs use about 60 bu/ac. Soil test for the amounts of lime, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients to apply preplant and for annual maintenance. Apply 60 to 100 lb/ac N in the establishment year in split applications in April and July. For established stands apply 180 to 240 lb/ac N annually in split applications, usually in April and following the first and second hay cuts. Reduce N rates by 25% for grazing. Refer to NCSU Technical Bulletin 305 Production and Utilization of Pastures and Forages in North Carolina for more information or consult your regional agronomist or extension agent for assistance. 513247 Database Version 3.1 Date Printed: 09-25-2005 Crop Note Page 1 of 1 Ir ,LAY '41 "�.� � ..q :`• � �: �, y c .. wit' ' i ' -t �..� ^`� 1 : � �`� � �' y',"° .. .: X.# .,t.•• ,� {. '. ` f .• 1 4r �� 1 � nt .�. 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' + � qF � ( � aD #' • - �.,e.;r�:;k.�� ^'rf+4a�'..ia'' " 1Y,�"" - - •. •aft•.'. . '� W '�� r sr4"� (• r <�3-T.ij�i���S:.;rf.�,�*�f �`•-4~C.Z.( � Y'1 � _�•��fl ��.� � . `ly+�•�• f.�T�i•,- r,�.q lY �M��,h !`i�+::.f�T'J•.e .�', 1. •SC,_ SWINE FARM WASTE MANAGEMENT ODOR CONTROL CHECKLIST Source Cause EIMP's to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices Farmstead Swine production (*'Vegetative or wooded buffers; (PKecommended best management practices; (,yPaood judgment and common sense Animal body surfaces Dirty manure -covered animals Vbry floors Floor surfaces Wet manure -covered floors (`lotted floors; (WWaterers located over slotted floors; (4"Feeders at high end of solid floors; (.)crape manure buildup from floors; (eJ'Gnderfloor ventilation for drying Manure collection pits Urine ( Frequent manure removal by flush,pit recharge,or scrape Parital micorbial decomposition H Underfloor ventilation Ventilation exhaust fans Indoor surfaces Flush tanks Volatile gases; (O Fan maintenance; Dust (4,Efficient air movement Dust (WrWashdown between groups of animals (44�eed additives; ( )� Feeder covers; (.}'Feed delivery downspout extenders to feeder covers Agitation of recycled lagoon liquid whiles tanks are filling Flush alleys Agitation during wastewater conveyanance Pit recharge points Lift stations Agitation of recycled lagoon liquid while pits are filling Agitation during sump tank filling and drawdown Outside drain collection Agitation during wastewater or junction boxes conveyance End of drainpipes at lagoon Agitation during wastewater Lagoon surfaces Volatile gas emissions Biological mixing Agitation Irrigation sprinkler nozzles High pressure agitation Wind draft AMOC--November 11, 1996 () Flush tank covers () Extend fill lines to near bottom of tanks with anti -siphon vents (-Underfloor flush with underfloor ventilation () Extend recha►d lines to near bottom of pits with anti -siphon vents ( ) Sump tank covers ( ) Box covers {) Extend discharge point of pipes underneath lagoon liquid level ('roper lagoon liquid capacity W'Correct lagoon startup procedures W-Minimum surface area -to -volume ratio (%eMinimum agitation when pumping () Mechanical aeration () Proven biological additives .rrlt�r�,aif�ii (•N"rrigate on dry days with little or no wind APR ( ) Minimum recommended operation pressure fi�lI 12019 (4*fump intake near lagoon liquid surface () Pump from second -stage lagoon w8wQua)iy ,•veeeae -�3 �n le tatwor basin Partial microbial decomposition e Mixing while filling Agitation when emptying ig basin surface Partial micobial decomposition Mixing while filling Agitation when emptying re, slurry or sludge Agitation when spreading ier outlets Volatile gas emissions rered manure, slurry Volatile gas emissions while drying dge on field surfaces animals Carcass decomposition animal disposal Carcass decomposition irators Incomplete combustion ling water around Improper drainage Jes Microbial decomposition of organic matter ire.�.ted onto public Poorly maintained access roads : from farm access () Bottom or midlevel loading i 1 Tank covers () Basin surface mats of solids () Proven biological additives or oxidants () Extend drainpipe outlets underneath liquid level () Remove settled solids regularly () Soil injection of slurry/sludges () Wash residual manure from spreader after use () Proven biological additives or oxidants () Soil infection of slurry/sludges () Soil incorporation within 48 hours () Spread in thin uniform layers for rapid drying () Proven biological additives or oxidants M"Proper disposition of carcasses () Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits () Proper location/construction of disposal pits ( ) Secondary stack burners (}-trade and landscape such that water drains away from facilities ( ) Farm access road maintenance v Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations source �c Cause T BMPs to Control Insects Site S �ccific fr cl' Flush Gutters • Accumulation of solids Lagoons and fits f • Crusted Solids 1 a rces Liquid Systems F Flush system -is designed and operated sufficiently to remove accumulated solids from mutters as designed. tl' Remove bridging of accumulated solids at discharge _ R- Maintain lagoons, settling basins and pits where pest breeding is apparent to minimize [lie crusting of solids to a depth of no more than 6 - 8 inches over more than 30% of surface. Excessive Vegetative • Decaying vegetation GY Maintain vegetative control along banks of Growth lagoons and other impoundments to prevent accumulation of decaying vegetative matter along walces edge on impoundment's perimeter. Dry Systems Feeders • Feed Spillage O Design, operate and maintain feed systems (e.g., bunkers and troughs) to minimize the accumulation of decaying wastage. O Clean up spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10 day interval during summer; 15-30 day interval during winter). Feed Storage • Accumulations of feed residues O Reduce moisture accumulation within and around immediate perimeter of feed storage areas by insuring drainage away from site and/or providing adequate containment (e.g., covered bin for brewer's grain and similar high moisture grain products). O inspect for and remove or break up accumulated solids in filter strips around feed storage as needed. AM' - - November 11, 1996, Page 1 70'Rm Reco aD 5 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN PHONE NUMBERS DWQ YID 496 —154-1 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9i/ SWCD 216 5:22 —796.3 MRCS 71- S1Z - 7463 This plan will be implemented in the event that wastes from your operation are leaking, overflowing, or running off site. You should not wait until wastes reach surface waters or leave your property to consider that you have a problem. You should make every effort to ensure that this does not happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible location for all employees at the facility. The following are some action items you should take. 1. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be possible. Suggested responses to some possible problems are listed below. A. Lagoon overflow -possible solutions are: a. Add soil to berm to increase elevation of dam. �- b. Pump wastes to fields at an acceptable rate. c. Stop all flows to the lagoon immediately. d. Call a pumping contractor. e. Make sure no surface water is entering lagoon. B: Runoff from waste application field -actions include: a. Immediately stop waste application. b. Create a temporary diversion to contain waste. c. Incorporate waste to reduce runoff. d. Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that caused the runoff. e. Evaluate the application rates for the fields where runoff occurred. C: Leakage from the waste pipes and sprinklers -action include: a. Stop recycle pump. b. Stop irrigation pump. c. Close valves to elirrunate further discharge. d. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps. D: Leakage from flush systems. houses. solid separators -action include: a. Stop recycle pump. b. Stop irritation pump. c. Make sure no siphon occurs. d. Stop all flows in the house, flush systems, or solid separators. December 18, 1996 e. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps. E: Leakaee from base or sidewall of lagoon. Often this is seepage as opposed to flowing leaks- possible action: a. Dig a small sump or ditch away from the embankment to catch all seepage, put in a submersible pump, and pump back to lagoon. b_ If holes are caused by burrowing animals, trap or remove animals and fill holes and compact with a clay type soil. c. Have a professional evaluate the condition of the side walls and lagoon bottom as soon as possible. 2. Assess the extent of the spill and note any obvious damages. a. Did the waste reach any surface waters? b. Approximately how much was released and for what duration? c. Any damage noted, such as employee injury, fish kills, or property damage? d. Did the spill leave the property? e. Does the spill have the potential to reach surface waters? f. Could a future rain event cause the spill to reach surface waters? g. Are potable water wells in danger (either on or off of the property)? h. How much reached surface waters? 3: Contact appropriate agencies. a. During normal business hours, call your DWQ (Division of Water Quality) regional office, Phone - - . After hours, emergency number: 919-733-3942. Your phone call should include: your name, facility, telephone number, the details of the incident from item 2 above, the exact location of the facility, the location or direction of movement of the spill, weather and wind conditions. The corrective measures that have been under taken, and the seriousness of the situation. b. If spill leaves property or enters surface waters, call local EMS Phone number - c. Instruct EMS to contact local Health Department. d. Contact CES, phone number - - , local SWCD office phone number and local NRCS office for adviceltechnical assistance phone number - - 4: If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriffs Department and explain your problem to them and ask that person to contact the proper agencies for you. 5: Contact the contractor of vour choice to begin repair of problem to minimize off -site damage. a. Contractors Name: r_Us 82o-ruet25 b. Contractors .address: 3¢ mma-R Nlct Qoa.n r-twiry , W_-C, c. Contractors Phone:T ,572 57o5 2 December I8, 1996 6: Contact the technical specialist who certified the lagoon (MRCS, Consulting Engineer, etc.) a. Name: o v b. Phone: _s in sgzI 9,g 7: Implement procedures as advised by DWQ and technical assistance agencies to rectify the damage, repair the system, and reassess the waste management plan to keep problems with release of wastes from happening again. 3 December 18, 1996 Verslon—November 26, 2018 IVIOrtality Management Methods Indicate which method$wi When selec;if7 m� () l/pbe implemented. g ultiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option. Methoo's other than those listed must be approved by the State Veterinarian. Primary Secondary Routine Mortality ® Sr`�' feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge of animal dea th. The burial must be at. least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water (G.SA 08-403). The bottom of the burial pit should be at least one foot above the seasonal -hig•"'•`"ate table. Attach burial location map and plan. �anufili at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC 136 .02:0. Rerceri�y at a rendering plant licensed under G,S. 106-168.7 Cor-ole'e incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102. A cornposting system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture & Con- sumer Services Veterinary Division (attach co of permit). If compost is distributed off -farm, add:tionnal requirements must be met and a permit is required from NC DEQ. n In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the l NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (G.S. 106-549 .70). Any met�od which, in the professional opinion of the State Veterinarian, would make possible the sai'vage of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health. (Writte- a?prcvai by the State Veterinarian must be attached). 11 Mass Mortality Plan Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are also reccrrmended for all animal operations. This plan outlines farm -specific mortality man- agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup- ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options; contact the Division for guidance. • A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated frhe- numbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State \Ieterinarian. • Burial must be done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary Division regulations and guidance. • Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions (refer to facility's animal waste management system permit). • in the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency, the State Veterinarian may enact additionaic-mporary procedures or measures for disposal according to G.S. 106-399.4. r Signature of Farm Owner/Manager Signature of Technical Specialist 3 /V- Date Date ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WORKSHEET FIELD OFFICE Clinton DATE 7/13/81 Name _ Jasper Rai .(Rusty) Barber Address Route 2., Clinton . N. C, 28328 ^�PH. 533-3862 Location Approximately 195 miles east of Pine Ridge on SR 1904, PROJECT DESIGN DATA Type Operation Type House(s) 500 Sows x 350 lbs. = 1759000..E lbs. 26 Boars x 350 lbs. _ _ 92100 lbs. 720 Pigs x 10 lbs. = 7,200 lbs. 1,260 _ Pigs x 45 lbs. = 56 700 v" lbs. Flush X Pit Number of Houses 4 Dimension of Houses Excess Rainfall 25 Year Storm 5" 711 Total lbs. = 248,000 ' Pit Dimensions x x Estimated Size of Lagoon 22.1, x 2 _:O1 x ._ 01 Estimated Waste Generation 8.4 lb./100 lb. hog/day Method of Applying Effluent to Land , Irrig"ion Times to be Emptied Per Year _ _2 DESIGN FOR TREATMENT LAGOON For anerobic treatmentp figure 1 1b. hog = 1 cue fte of storage for waste treatments, 1. 248,000 - —. lbs. hogs/year = 2. Planned Capacity: 220 x 200 x 10 W/ 3 Length Width Depth DESIGN FOR FLUSH LAGOON 3 Waste Generation• 248$ 000 __ cue ft. of storage 1 SS = 326,000"� _ cue ft. 8e4 lbs./day/100 lbs. x 248;000 lbs. x 365 days = 121,854 cue fte 62.4 lbse/cu. fte 4. Excess rainfall for waste treatment lagoon: 5" (e42) 220 x 200 Length Width 5. Excess rainfall for flush lagoon: 5" (.42) x Length Width _ 18,480 cue fte. -0- cue ft. 6. Total capacity needed (add # 3, 4s and 5) = i.40,334 cue fte 7. Divide #6 by 2 (Number of times to be emptied per year): v 70�167~ cue fte + 248t000 = 3189167 cue fte 8. Planned Capacity: x x W/ _ SS = 0- cue ft-w Length Width Depth 9. Storage required for 25 year storm in treatment lagoon: I 7" (.58) x 200- = 25 99 cue ft. Length Width 10. Storage required for 25 year storm in flush lagoon: 711 (.58) Length x = — _ i cue £t. Width (2) 119 Total storm storage required: (To be stored in flush lagoon) = 25$520 cue ft. 12. Storage capacity in flush lagoon: 220 x 200 x 1 = 44*000 cue ft. Average Length Average Width Depth 13„ Add one (1) foot of freeboard to storm storage for a total of 2 ft* of dam (dike) above planned fluid level in flush lagoon• Inside Top Measurements: 232, x 212, U. S: Department of Agriculture NC-ENG-14 Soil Conservation Service 8/72 File Code ENG-11 PLAN OF TR rMCNT POND SCD Name g4-5pEFL gA f u�-rv)TX'P No. REAP Date -7- r3-Si Req. LENGTH zSz' 1,7U27 SIDE SLOPE3TO 1AVE. TOP ELEV.�QaFLUJD I_eJFL 48.0 ' /y\ ---_ MID SECTION — ^� AVE. BOTTOM ELEV. / / 3 S'cn / LLENGTH / t Cool Volume Izo-s¢ V cu. yds. Acre ft. Pond Use q,w, LAC-ooN _12' berm with less than 6' spoil height sloped away from pond 1' berm with less than 3, spoil height uniformly spread & sloped away from pond Volume in depth C(area of top) + (area of bottom) + (4 Y area midsection cu yds . 6 27 Surface Area acres (If more than 0.25 ac. "Impounding Permit" is required) Volume REAP Cost Sharing cu. yds. Soil Type pjAR,4yN LOAM AND B.M. Description MAIL IN I.Z" OAK LosgTED APPRo9.'50' 14OF to+oON M14RKBi,L,}�v �1''s3ox Elev. . �o.o Distribution.: 1 copy landuser 1 copy plan folder Location Sketch (5EB CprisERVATION PLAN MAQ) OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN Proper lagoon liquid management should be a year-round priority, It is es important to manage Ievels so that you do not have problems during extended rainy y and wet periods, Maximum storage capacity should be available in the lagoon for periods when the receiving crop is dormant (such as wintertime for bermudagrass) or when there are extended rainy spells such as the thunderstorm season in the summertime, means that at the first signs of plant growth in the later winter/early spring, irr ationl according to a farm waste mana#ement plan should be done whenever the land is dry enough to receive lagoon liquid. This will make storage space available in the lagoon for future wet periods, In the late summer/early fall the lagoon should be pumped down to the low marker (see Figure 2-1) to allow for winter storage. Every effort should be made to maintain the lagoon close to the minimum liquid level as long as the weather and waste utilization plan will allow it. waiting until the lagoon has reached its maximum storage capacity before starting to irrigate does not leave room for storing excess water during extended wet periods, Overflow from the lagoon for any reason except a 25-year, 24-hour storm is a violation of state law and subject to penalty action. The routine maintenance of a lagoon involves the following: Maintenance of a vegetative cover for the dam. Fescue or common bermudagrass are the most common vegetative covers. The vegetation should be fertilized each year, if needed, to maintain a vigorous stand. The amount of fertilizer applied should be based on a soils test, but in the event that it is not practical to obtain a soils test each year, the lagoon embankment and surrounding areas should be fertilized with 800 pounds per acre of 10-10-10, or equivalent. Brush and trees on the embankment must be controlled. This may be done by mowing, spraying, grazing, chopping, or a combination of these practices. This should be done at least once a year and possibly twice in years that weather conditions are favorable for heavy vegetative growth. NOTE: If vegetation is controlled by spraying, the herbicide must not be allowed to enter the lagoon water. Such chemicals could harm the bacteria in the Iagoon that are treating the waste. Maintenance inspections of the entire lagoon should be made during the initial filling of the lagoon and at Ieast monthly and after major rainfall and storm events. Items to be checked should include, as a minimum, the following: Waste Inlet Pipes, Recycling Pipes, and Overflow Pipes ... look for• 1- separation of joints 2. cracks or breaks 3. accumulation of salts or minerals 4, overall condition of pipes Lagoon surface ---look for; 1. undesirable vegetative growth 2. floating or lodged debris Embankment ---look for; 1. settlement, cracking, or "jug" holes 2. side slope stability ---slumps or bulges 3 • wet or damp areas on the back slope 4. erosion due to lack of vegetation or as a result of wave action 5• rodent damage Larger lagoons may be subject to liner damage due to wave action caused by strong winds. These waves can erode the lagoon sidewalls, thereby weakening thi lagoon dam. A good stand of vegetation will reduce the potential damage caused by wave action. If wave action causes serious damage to a lagoon sidewall, baffles in the lagoon may be used to reduce the wave impacts. Any of these features could lead to erosion and weakening of the dam. If your lagoon has any of these features, you should tail an appropriate expert familiar with design and construction of waste lagoons. You may need to provide a temporary fix if there is a threat of a waste discharge. However, a permanent solution should be reviewed by the technical expert. Any digging into a Iagoon dam with heavy equipment is a serious undertaking with potentially serious consequences and should not be conducted unless recommended by an appropriate technical expert. Transfer Pumps ---check for proper operation of. 1. recycling pumps 2. irrigation pumps Check for leaks, loose fittings, and overall pump operation. An unusually loud or grinding noise, or a large amount of vibration, may indicate that the pump is in need or repair or replacement. NOTE; Pumping systems should be inspected and operated frequently enough so that you are not completely "surprised" by equipment failure. You should performumin system maintenance at a time when your lagoon is at its low level,This will lallow some safety time should major repairs be required. Having a nearly full lagoon is not the time to think about switching, repairing , or borrowing pumps. Probably, if your Iagoon is fu11, your neighbor's lagoon is full also. You should consider maintaining an inventory of spare parts or pumps. Surface water diversion features are designed to carry all surface drainage waters (such as rainfall runoff, roof drainage, gutter outlets, and parking lot runoff) away from your lagoon and other waste treatment or storage structures. The only water that should'be coming from your lagoon is that which comes from your flushing (washing) system pipes and the rainfall that hits the lagoon directly. You should inspect your diversion system for the following, 1. adequate vegetation 2. diversion capacity 3. ridge berm height Identified problems should be corrected promptly. It is advisable to inspect your system during or immediately following a heavy rain. If technical assistance is needed to determine proper solutions, consult with appropriate experts. You should record the level of the lagoon just prior to when rain is predicted, and then record the level again 4 to 6 hours after the rain (assumes there is no pumping). This will give you an idea of how much your lagoon level will rise with a certain rainfall amount (you must also be recording your rainfall for this to work). Knowing this should help in planning irrigation applications and storage. If your lagoon rises excessively, you may have an inflow problem from a surface water diversion or there may be seepage into the lagoon from the surrounding land. Lagoon Operation Startup: 1. Imm.ediately after construction establish a complete sod cover on bare soil surfaces to avoid erosion. 2. Fill now lagoon design treatment volume at least half full of water before waste loading begins, taking care not to erode lining or bank slopes, 3. Drainpipes into the lagoon should have a flexible pipe extender on the end of the pipe to discharge near the bottom of the lagoon during initial filling or another means of slowing the incoming water to avoid erosion of the lining. 4. When possible, begin loading new lagoons in the spring to maximize bacterial establishment (due to warmer weather). 5. It is recommended that a new lagoon be seeded with sludge from a healthy working swine lagoon in the amount of 0.25 percent of the full lagoon liquid volume. This seeding should occour at least two weeks prior to the addition of wastewater. 6. Maintain a periodic check on the lagoon liquid pH. If the pH falls below 7.0, add agricultural lime at the rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of lagoon liquid volume until the pH rises above 7.0. Optimum lagoon liquid pH is between 7.5 and 8.0. 7. A dark color, lack of bubbling, and excessive odor signals inadequate biological activity. Consultation with a technical specialist is recommended if these conditions occur for prolonged periods, especially during the warm season. Loading: The more frequently and regularly that wastewater is added to a lagoon, the better the lagoon will function. Flush systems that wash waste into the lagoon several times daily are optimum for treatment. Pit recharge systems, in which one or more buildings are drained and recharged each day, also work well. Practice water conservation ---minimize building water usage and spillage from leaking waterers, broken pipes and washdown through proper maintenance and water conservation. • Minimize feed wastage and spillage by keeping feeders adjusted. This will reduce the amount of solids entering the lagoon Management: • Maintain lagoon liquid level between the permanent storage level and the full temporary storage level. Place visible markers or stakes on the lagoon bank to show the minimum liquid level and the maximum liquid lever (Figure 2-1). Start irrigating at the earliest possible date in the spring based on nutrient requirements and soil moisture so that temporary storage will be maximized for the summer thunderstorm season. Similarly, irrigate in the late summer/early fall to provide maximum lagoon storage for the winter. The lagoon liquid level should never be closer than 1 foot to the lowest Point of the dam or embankment. Do not pump the lagoon liquid level lower that the permanent storage level unless you are removing sludge. Locate float pump intakes approximately 18 inches underneath the liquid surface and as far away from the drainpipe inlets as possible. Prevent additions of bedding materials, long-stemmed forage or vegetation, molded feed, plastic syringes, or other foreign materials into the lagoon. Frequently remove solids from catch basins at end of confinement houses or wherever they are installed. Maintain strict vegetation, rodent, and varmint control near lagoon edges. Do not allow trees or large bushes to grow on lagoon dam or embankment. Remove sludge from the lagoon either when the sludge storage capacity is full or before it fills 50 percent of the permanent storage volume. If animal production is to be terminated, the owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a closure plan to eliminate the possibility of a pollutant discharge. Sludge Removal: Rate of lagoon sludge buildup can be reduced by; Proper lagoon sizing, mechanical solids separation of flushed waste, gravity settling of flushed waste solids in an appropriately designed basin, or minimizing feed wastage and spillage. Lagoon sludge that is removed annually rather than stored long term will: have more nutrients, • have more odor, and require more land to properly use the nutrients. Removal techniques: Hire a custom applicator, • Mix the sludge and lagoon liquid with a chopper -agitator impeller Pump through large -bore sprinkler irrigation system onto nearby cropland; and soil incorporate, Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; mix remaining sludge; pump into liquid sludge applicator; haul and spread onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; dredge sludge from lagoon with dragline or sludge barge; berm an area beside lagoon to receive the sludge so that liquids can drain back into lagoon; allow sludge to dewater; haul and spread with manure spreader onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. Regardless of the method, you must have the sludge material analyzed for waste constituents just as you would your lagoon water. The sludge will contain different nutrient and metal values from the liquid. The application of the sludge to fields will be limited by these nutrients as well as any previous waste applications to that field and crop requirement. Waste application rates will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3. When removing sludge, you must also pay attention to the liner to prevent damage. Close attention by the pumper or drag -line operator will ensure that the lagoon liner remains intact. If you see soil material or the synthetic liner material being disturbed, you should stop the activity immediately and not resume until you are sure that the sludge can be removed without liner injury. If the liner is damaged it must be repaired as soon as possible, Sludge removed from the lagoon has a much higher phosphorus and heavy metal content than liquid, Because of this it should probably be applied to land with low phosphorus and metal levels, as indicated by a soil test, and incorporated to reduce the chance of erosion. Note that if the sludge is applied to fields with very high soil -test phosphores, it should be applied only at rates equal to the crop removal of phosphorus. As with other wastes, always have your lagoon sludge analyzed for its nutrient value. The application of sludge will increase the amount of odor at the waste application site. Extra precaution should be used to observe the wind direction and other conditions which could increase the concern of neighbors. Possible Causes of Lagoon Failure Lagoon failures result in the unplanned discharge of wastewater from the structure. Types Of failures include leakage through the bottom or sides, overtopping, and breach of the dam. Assuming proper design and construction, the owner has the responsibility for ensuring structure safety. Items which may lead to lagoon failures include: • Modification of the lagoon structure ---an example is the placement of a pipe in the dam without proper design and construction. (Consult an expert in lagoon design before placing any pipes in dams.) • Lagoon liquid levels ---high levels are a safety risk. Failure to inspect and maintain the dam. • Excess surface water flowing into the lagoon. Liner integrity ---protect from inlet pipe scouring, damage during sludge removal, or rupture from lowering lagoon liquid level below groundwater table. NOTE: If lagoon water is allowed to overtop the dam, the moving water will soon cause gullies to form in the dam. Once this damage starts, it can quickly cause a large discharge of wastewater and possible dam failure.