820481_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410

State of North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
Animal Waste Management Systems
Request for Certification of Coverage
Facility Currently covered by an Expiring Sate Non -Discharge General Permit
On September 30, 2019, the North Carolina State Non -Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will
expire. As required by these permits, facilities that have been issued Certificates of Coverage to operate under these State
Non -Discharge General Permits must apply for renewal at least 180 days prior to their expiration date. Therefore, all applications
must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3, 2019.
Please do not leave any question unanswered Please verify all information and make any necessary corrections below.
Application must be signed and dated by the Permittee.
!
1. Farm Number: gz- y�_ Certificate Of Coverage Number: AWS820481
2. Facility Name: RLH Farm
3. Landowner's Name (same as on the Waste Management Plan): Ryan Herring
4. Landowner's Mailing Address: 6401 Five Bridge Rd
City: Clinton State: NC
Telephone Number: 910-564-5476 Ext. E-mail:
5. Facility's Physical Address: 6401 Five Bridge Rd
City: Clinton State: NC
6. County where Facility is located: Sampson
7. Farm Manager's Name (if different from Landowner):
8. Farm Manager's telephone number (include area code):
9. Integrator's Name (if there is not an Integrator, write "None"):
10. Operator Name (OIC): Ryan L. Herring
11. Lessee's Name (if there is not a Lessee, write "None"):
12. Indicate animal operation type and number:
Current Permit: Operations Type
Swine - Feeder to Finish
Operation Types:
Zip: 28328
Zip: 28328
restage-Fa�rnsinc 5M194ejj
Phone No.: 9i6.5(A 6943 OIC #: 19325
`if° 5-&H-5'Id'1V
Allowable Count
720
Swine
Cattle
Dry Poultry
Other Types
Wean to Finish
Dairy Calf
Non Laying Chickens
Horses - Horses
Wean to Feeder
Dairy Heifer
Laying Chickens
Horses - Other
Farrow to Finish
Milk Cow
Pullets
Sheep -Sheep
Feeder to Finish
Dry Cow
Turkeys
Sheep - Other
Farrow to Wean
Beef Stocker Calf
Turkey Pullet
Farrow to Feeder
Beef Feeder
Boar/Stud
Beef Broad Cow
Wet Poultry
Gilts
Other
Non Laying Pullet
Other
Layers
APR

13. Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary
corrections and provide missing data.)
Structure
Name
Estimated
Date
Liner Type
(Clay, Synthetic,
Unknown)
Capacity
(Cubic Feet)
Estimated
Surface Area
(Square Feet)
Design Freeboard
"Redline"
(Inches)
1
QBuilt
j-1 6�
C,
J it �J l
� `i q , S�Ota
19.00
Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application
as required by NC General Statutes 143-215.10C(d) to the address below.
The CAWMP must include the following components:
1. The most recent Waste Utilization Plan (WUP), signed by the owner and a certified technical s ecialist, containing:
a. The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields (e.g. irrigation, injection, etc.)
b. A map of every field used for land application (for example: irrigation map)
c. The soil series present on every land application field
d. The crops grown on every land application field
e. The Realistic Yield Expectation (RYE) for every crop shown in the WUP
f. The maximum PAN to be applied to every land application field
g. The waste application windows for every crop utilized in the WUP
h. The required NRCS Standard specifications
2. A site map/schematic
3. Emergency Action Plan
4. Insect Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted
5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted
6. Mortality Control Checklist with selected method noted - Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist
7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and
complete. Also provide any site evaluations, wetland determinations, or hazard classifications that may be applicable to
your facility.
8. Operation and Maintenance Plan
If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal.
(e.g. composting, digesters, waste transfers, etc.)
As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the
application and all the CAWMP items above to: [e-mail]
RF-C!E11r"EMME =11IR
APR ®112019
wewQualfty

I attest that this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. 1 understand that,
if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not
included, this application package will be returned to me as incomplete.
Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.613, any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any application may be subject to civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (18 U.S.C.
Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both for
a similar offense.)
Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a
corporation, signature should be by a principal executive officer of the corporation):
Name: [ � n PC _ _( ri ^Q,_ Title: yw-
Signature: Date: /
97
Name:
Signature:
Name:
Signature:
Title:
Date:
Title:
Date:
THE COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
NCDEQ-DWR
Animal Feeding Operations Program
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636
Telephone number: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
FORM: RENEWAL -STATE GENERAL 02/2019

WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN
Wednesday, January 07, 2015
Producer: Ryan Herring
Farm Name:
RLH Farm 82-481
6401 Five Bridge Rd
Clinton,NC 28328
Telephone # :
[phone]
Type of Operation :
Feeder to Finish Swine
Number of Animals:
720 hogs design capacity
Application Method: Irrigation
The waste from your animal facility must be land applied at a specified rate to prevent
pollution of surface and/or groundwater. The plant nutrients in the animal waste should be
used to reduce the amount of commercial fertilizer required for the crops in the fields where
waste is to be applied. This waste utilization plan uses nitrogen as the limiting nutrient.
Waste should be analyzed before each application cycle. Annual soil tests are strongly
encouraged so that all plant nutrients can be balanced for realistic yields of the crop to be
grown.
Several factors are important in implementing your waste utilization plan in order to maximize
the fertilizer value of the waste and to ensure that it is applied in an environmentally safe
manner. Always apply waste based on the needs of the crop to be grown and the nutrient
contents of the waste. Do not apply more nitrogen than the crop can utilize. Soil types are
important as they have different infiltration rates, leaching potentials, cation exchange
capacities, and avaialable water holding capacities. Normally waste shall not be applied to
land eroding at greater than 5 tons per acre per year. With special pre -cautions, waste may
be applied to land eroding at up to 10 tons per acre per year. Do not apply waste on
saturated soils, when it is raining, or when the surface is frozen. Either of these conditions
may result in runoff to surface waters which is not allowed under DEM regulations. Wind
conditions should also be considered to avoid drift and downwind odor problems. To
maximize the value of the nutrients for crop production and to reduce the potential for
pollution, the waste should be applied to a growing crop or applied to bare ground not more
than 30 days prior to planting. Injecting the waste or disking will conserve nutrients and
reduce odor problems. This plan is based on waste application through irrigation for this is
the manner in which you have chosen to apply your waste. if you choose to inject the waste
in the future, you need to revise this plan. Nutrient levels for injecting waste and irrigating
waste are not the same.
The estimated acres needed to apply the animal waste is based on typical nutrient content
for this type of facility. Acreage requirements should be based on the waste analysis report
from your waste management facility. Attached you will find information on proper sampling
techniques, preparation, and transfer of waste samples to the lab for ananlysis. This waste
utilization plan, if carried out, meets the requirements for compliance with 15A NCAC
2H.0217 adopted by the Environmental Management Commission.
Page 1 of 9

r
AMOUNT OF WASTE PRODUCED PER YEAR (gallons, ft3, tons, etc.)
720 hogs X 1.9 tons waste/hogs/year = 1368 tons
AMOUNT OF PLANT AVAILABLE NITROGEN (PAN) PRODUCED PER YEAR
720 hogs X 2.3 Ibs PAN/hogs/year = 1656 PAN/year
Applying the above amount of waste is a big job. You should plan time and have appropriate
equipment to apply the waste in a timely manner.
The following acreage will be needed for waste application based on the crop to be grown,
soil type and suface application.
TABLE 1 : ACRES OWNED BY PRODUCER
TRACT FIELD SOIL TYPE &CLASS -
DETERMINING PHASE
3161
1
j AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
- 1
AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
2
AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
2
AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
3
AUTRYVILLE ALL
-- --
3161
3
- -
AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
4
AUTRYVILLE ALL
3161
- 4
!AUTRYVILLE ALL
CROP
YIELD
LBS AW COMM
ACRES
LBS AW APPLIC.
CODE
N/ACRE N/ACRE
USED
TIME
BC
4.7
230.3
0
3.371,
776.111
MAR-SEP
SG
1
50
0
3.37"
168.5
SEP-MAY
BC
4.7
230.3
0
4.43�
1020.23
MAR-SEP
SG
1
50
0
4.43
221.5
SEP-MAY
BC
4.7
230.3
0
1.45
333.935
MAR-SEP
SG
1
50
0
1.45
72.&
SEP-MAY
BC
4.7
230.3
0
3.34!
769.202
MAR-SEP
SG
1
50
0
3.341
167
SEP-MAY
TOTALS:
3528.98
Indicates that this field is being overseeded (i.e. interplanted) or winter annuals follow
summer annuals.
w Indicates a Crop Rotation
NOTE: The applicator is cautioned that P and K may be over applied while meeting the N
requirments. Beginning in 1996 the Coastal Zone Management Act will require farmers in
some eastern counties of NC to have a nutrient management plan that addresses all
nutrients. This plan only addresses Nitrogen.
Page 2 of 9

TABLE 2: ACRES WITH AGREEMENT OR LONG TERM LEASE
(Agreement with adjacent landowners must be attached.)
(Required only if operator does not own adequate land. See required specifications 2.)
There are no Acres Leased
Indicates that this field is being overseeded (i.e. interplanted) or winter annuals follow
summer annuals.
* Indicates a Crop Rotation
* Acreage figures may exceed total acreage in field due to overseeding.
**Lbs AW N (animal waste nitrogen) equals total required nitrogen less any commercial
nitrogen (COMM N) supplied.
The following legend explains the crop codes used in TABLES 1 and 2 above:
CROP CODE CROP
BC HYBRID BERMUDAGRASS-CONTROLLED GRAZED
SG SMALL GRAIN OVERSEEDED
UNITS LBS N/UNIT
TONS 50
AC 50
Page 3of9

TOTALS FROM TABLES 1 AND 2
ACRES LBS AW
N USED
TABLE 1 12.591 3,529
TOTALS: 12.59 3,529
AMOUNT OF N PRODUCED: 1,656
'BALANCE -1,873
*** This number must be less than or equal to 0 in order to fully utilize the animal waste N
produced.
Acres show in each of the preceeding tables are considered to be the usable acres excluding
required buffers, filter strips along ditches, odd areas unable to be irrigated, and perimeter
areas not receiving full application rates due to equipment limitations. Actual total acres in
the fields listed may, and most likely will be, more than the acres shown in the tables.
NOTE: The Waste Utilization Plan must contain provisions for periodic land application of
sludge at agronomic rates. The sludge will be nurturient rich and will require precautionary
measures to prevent over application of nutrients or other elements. Your production facility
will produce approximately 266.4 pounds of plant available nitrogen (PAN) per year in the
sludge that will need to be removed on a periodic basis. This figure is PAN when
broadcasting the sludge. Please be aware that additional acres of land, as well special
equipment, may be needed when you remove this sludge.
See the attached map showing the fields to be used for the utilization of waste water.
APPLICATION OF WASTE BY IRRIGATION
The irrigation application rate should not exceed the intake rate of the soil at the time of
irrigation such that runoff or ponding occurs. This rate is limited by initial soil moisture
content, soil structure, soil texture, water droplet size, and organic solids. The application
amount should not exceed the available water holding capacity of the soil at the time of
irrigation nor should the plant available nitrogen applied exceed the nitrogen needs of the
crop.
Your facility is designed for 180 days of temporary storage and the temporary storage must
be removed on the average of once every 5.92 months. In no instance should the volume of
waste being stored in your structure be within 1.58 feet of the top of the dike.
If surface irrigation is the method of land application for this plan, it is the responsiblity of the
producer and irrigation designer to ensure that an irrigation system is installed to properly
irrigate the acres shown in Tables 1 and 2. Failure to apply the recommended rates and
amounts of Nitrogen shown in the tables may make this plan invalid.
The following table is provided as a guide for establishing application rates and amounts.
APPLICATION APPLICATION
TRACT FIELD SOIL TYPE CROP RATE (in/hr) AMT (inches)
'3161-I,-2,-3,-4 AUTRYVILLE ALL SG 0.60 .1
3161 1, 2, 3, 4 11,AUTRYVILLE ALL BC i 0.60 "1
* This is the maximum application amount allowed for the soil assuming the amount of
nitrogen allowed for the crop is not over applied. In many situations, the application
amount shown cannot be applied because the nitrogen limitation. The maximum
application amount shown can be applied under optimum soil conditions.
Page 4 of 9

NARRATIVE OF OPERATION
Page 5 of 9

PLANS & SPECIFICATIONS
1. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift, manmade
conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during operation or land application. Any
discharge of waste which reaches surface water is prohibited. Illegal discharges are subject
to assessment of civil penalties of $10,000 per day by the Division of Water Quality for every
day the discharge continues.
2. The Field Office must have documentation in the design folder that the producer either
owns or has long term access to adequate land to properly dispose of waste. If the producer
does not own adequate land to properly dispose of waste, he shall provide NRCS with a copy
of a written agreement with a landowner who is within a reasonable proximity, allowing
him/her the use of the land for waste application for the life expectancy of the production
facility. It is the responsibility of the owner of the facility to secure an update of the Waste
Utilization Plan when there is a change in the operation, increase in the number of animals,
method of utilization, or available land.
3. Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the Nitrogen needs for realistic
crop yields based on soil type, available moisture, historical data, climate conditions, and
level of management, unless there are regulations that restrict the rate of application for
other nutrients.
4. Animal waste may be applied to land that has a Resource Management System (RMS) or
an Alternative Conservation System (ACS). If an ACS is used the soil loss shall be no
greater than 10 tons per acre per year and appropriate filter strips will be used where runoff
leaves the field. These filter strips will be in addition to "Buffers" required by DEM. (See
FOTG Stantard 393 - Filter Strips and Standard 390 Interim Riparian Forest Buffers).
5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or disking after waste application. Waste
should not be applied when there is danger of drift from the irrigation field.
6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, it will be soil incorporated
on conventionally tilled cropland. When applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the
waste may be broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone to
flooding. (See "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" in the NRCS Technical Reference -
Environment file for guidance.)
*7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration rate such that
runoff does not occur offsite or to surface waters and in a method which does not cause drift
from the site during application. No ponding should occur in order to control conditions
conducive to odor or flies and to provide uniformity of application.
8. Animal waste shall not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall events, or when the
surface is frozen.
9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a manner that the crop is
not covered with waste to a depth that would inhibit growth.
10. Waste nutrients shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring planted crops on soils with
a high potential for leaching. Waste nutrient loading rates on these soils should be held to a
minimum and a suitable winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall
not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of a crop on bare soil.
11. Any new swine facility sited on or after October 1, 1995 shall comply with the following:
the outer perimeter of the land area onto which waste is applied from a lagoon that is a
component of a swine farm shall be at least 50 feet from any residential property boundary
and from anv perennial stream or river (other that an irriaation ditch or canal. Animal waste
age 6 of 9

other than swine waste from facilities sited on or after October 1, 1995), shall not be applied
closer than 25 feet to perennial waters. (See Standard 393 - Filter Strips)
12. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells.
13. Animal Waste shall not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other than those
owned by the landownwer.
14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and public right - of ways.
15. Animal waste shall not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways, or wetlands by
discharge or by over -spraying. Animal waste may be applied to prior converted croplands
provided they have been approved as a land application site by a "technical specialist".
Animal waste should not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly into water
courses, except when applied at agronomic rates and the application causes no runoff or
drift from the site.
*16. Domestic and industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets, sinks, etc.,
shall not be discharged into the animal waste management system.
*17. A protective cover of appropriate vegetation will be established on all disturbed areas
(lagoon embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). If needed, special vegetation shall be
provided for these areas and shall be fenced, as necessary, to protect the vegetation.
Vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and other woody species, etc. are limited to areas where
considered appropriate. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and accessible. Lagoon berms
and structures should be inspected regularly for evidence of erosion, leakage or discharge.
*18. If animal production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the owner is
responsible for obtaining and implementing a "closure plan" which will eliminate the
possibility of an illegal discharge, pollution and erosion.
*19. Waste handling structures, piping, pumps, reels, etc., should be inspected on a regular
basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks, and spills. A regular maintenance checklist should be
kept on site.
20. Animal waste can be used in a rotation that includes vegetables and other crops for
direct human consumption. However, if animal waste is used on crops for direct human
consumption, it should only be applied as a preemergence with no other applications of
animal waste during the crop season.
*21. Highly visible markers shall be installed to mark the top and bottom elevations of the
temporary storage (pumping volume) of all waste treatment lagoons. Pumping shall be
managed to maintain the liquid level between the markers. A marker will be required to mark
the maximum storage volume fpr waste storage ponds.
22. Waste shall be tested within 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested at least
annually at crop sites where waste products are applied. Nitrogen shall be the rate -
determining element. Zinc and copper levels in the soils shall be monitored and alternative
crop sites shall be used when these metals approach excessive levels. pH shall be adjusted
for optimum crop production amd maintained. Soil and waste analysis records shall be kept
for five (5) years. Poultry dry waste application records shall be maintained for three (3)
years. Waste application records for all other waste shall be maintained for five (5) years.
23. Dead animals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina Department of
Agriculture regulations.
* Liquid Systems
Page 7of9

NAME OF FARM: RLH Farm 82-481
OWNER / MANAGER AGREEMENT
I (we) understand and will follow and implement the specifications and the operation and
maintenance precedures estalished in the approved animal waste utilization plan for the farm
named above. I (we) know that any expansion to the existing design capacity of the waste
treatment and/or storage system or construction of new facilities will require a new utilization
plan and a new certification to be submitted to DEM before the new animals are stocked.
I (we) understand that I must own or have acces to equipment, primarily irrigation equipment,
to land apply the animal waste described in this waste utilization plan. This equipment must
be available at the appropriate pumping time such that no discharge occurs from the lagoon
in a 25-year 1-day storm event. I also certify that the waste will be applied on the land
according to this plan at the appropriate times and at rates that no runoff occurs.
NAME OF FACILi . OWNER: yan Herring
SIGNATURE. `�' r- __ DATE:
NAME OF MANAGER (if different from owner):_
SIGNATU
please print
NAME OF TECHNICAL SPECIALIST:
AFFILIATION: Barwick Ag Services
DATE:
Curtis Barwick
ADDRESS (AGENCY): 103 Country Club Circle
Clinton, NC 28328
(910) 385- 000
C—
SIGNATURE: � A ^� _ DATE: 1- 7-1J
Page 9of9

Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
DMI's to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Source
Cause
Farmstead
• Swine production
❑
Vegetative or wooded buffers; "
is
Recommended best management practices;
f$
Good judgment and common sense .
Animal body surfaces
• Dirty manure -covered animals
❑
Dry floors
Floor surfaces
• Wet manure -covered floors
IM
Slotted floors;
IV
Walerers located over slotted floors;
❑
Feeders at high end of solid floors;
❑
Scrape manure buildup from floors;
❑
Underfloor ventilation for drying
Manure collection pits
• Urine;
0
Frequent manure removal by flush, pit recharp -,
• Partial microbial decomposition
or scrape;
❑
Underfloor ventilation
Ventilation exhaust fans
• Volatile gases;
1111
Fan maintenance;
Dust
a
Efficient air movement
Indoor surfaces
• Dust
4- - Waslidown between groups of animals;
■
Feed additives;
f]
Feeder covers;
❑
Feed delivery downspout extenders to feeder
covers
Flush tanks
Agitation of recycled lagoon
❑
Flush tank covers;
liquid while tanks are filling
❑
Extend fill lines to near bottom of tanks with
anti -siphon vents
Flush alleys f
• Agitation during wastewater
�❑
Underfloor flush with undcr0oor ventilation
conveyance
Pit recharge points • Agitation of recycled lagoon ❑ Extend recharge lines to near bottom of pits
liquid while pits are filling witli anti -siphon vents
Lift stations • Agitation during sump lank ❑ Sump tank covers
filling and drawdown
Outside drain collection • Agitation during wastewater ❑ Box covers
or junction boxes conveyance ,
AMOC - November 11, 1996, Page 3

Source Cause DMI's to Minimize Odtir Site Specific I'raclices
End of drainpipf
lagoon
Lagoon surfaces
at •
Irrigation sprinkler
nozzles
Storage tank or basin
surface
Settling basin surface •
Manure, slurry or sludgc •
spreader outlets
Uncovered manure, •
slurry or sludge on field
surfaces
Dead animals •
Dead animal disposal •
pits
hncincrar5rs •
Agitation during wastewater
❑
Extend discharge point of pipes underneath
conveyance
lagoon liquid level
Volatile gas emissions;
IF
Proper lagoon liquid capacity;
Biological mixing;
❑
Correct lagoon startup procedures;
Agitation
❑
Minimum surface area -to -volume ratio;
ill
Minimum agitation when:pumping;
❑
Mechanical aeration;
Cl
Proven biological additives
High pressure agitation;
01
Irrigate on dry days with little or no wind;
Wind drin
'10
Minimum recommended operati ig pressure;
0
Pump intake near lagoon liquid surface;
Cl
Pump from second -stage lagoon
Partial microbial decomposition;
❑
Bottom or midlevel loading;
Mixing while filling;
❑
Tank covers;
Agitation when emptying
❑
Basin surface mats of solids;
❑
Proven biological additives or oxidants
Partial microbial decomposition;
❑
Extend drainpipe outlets undenneath liquid
Mixing while filling;
level;
Agitation when emptying
❑
Remove settled solids regularly
Agitation when spreading;
Cl
Soil injection of slurry/sludges;
Volatile gas emissions
❑
Wash residual manure from spreader after use;
❑
Proven biological additives or oxidants
Volatile gas emissions while
❑
Soil injection of slurry/sludges
drying
❑
Soil incorporation wilhin 48 lus.;
-
O
Spread in thin uniform layers fur rapid drying;
❑
Proven biological additives or oxidants
Carcass dccompositiun
6
Proper disposition of carcasses
Carcass decomposition
❑
Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits;
❑
Proper location/construction of disposal pits
Incomplete combustion
❑
Secondary stack bunters
r J=
AMOC - November 11, 1996, Page 4

Source Cause BMI's to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Standing water around • Improper drainage; D Grade and landscape such that water drains
facilities . Microbial decomposition of away froth facilities
organic matter
Manure tracked onto • Poorly maintained access roads 0 Farm access road maintenance
public roads from farm
access ,
Additional Information : Available From
Swine Manure Management ; 0200 Rule/BMP Packet NCSU, County Extension Center
Swine Production Farm Potential Odor Sources and Remedies ; EBAE Fact Sheet NCSU - BAE
Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Pit Recilarge - Lagoon Treatment; EBAE 128-88 NCSU - I3AL'
Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Underfloor Flush - Lagoon Treatment ; EBAE 129-89 NCSU - BAE
Lagoon Design and Management for Livestock Manure Treatment and Storage ; EBAE 103-83 NCSU - BAE
Calibration of Manure and Wastewater Application Equipment ; EBAE Fact Sheet NCSU - I3AE
Controlling Odors from Swine Buildings; PHH-33 NCSU - Swine Extension
Environmental Assurance Program ; NPPC Manual NC Pork Producers Assoc
Options for Managing Odor; a report from the Swine Odor Task Force NCSU Agri Communications
Nuisance Concerns in Animal Manure Management: Odors and Flies; PRO107, 1995 Conference Proceedings Florida Cooperative Extension
AMOC - November 11, 1996, Page 5

Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations
Source Cause BMPs to Control Insects _ Site Specilie Practices
Liquid Systems
Flush Gutters • Accumulation of solids f IF Flush system is designed and operated
sufficiently to remove accumulated solids from
gutters as designed.
O Remove bridging of accumulated solids at
discharge _
Lagoons and Pits • Crusted Solids ■ Maintain lagoons, settling basins acid pits where
pest breeding is apparent to minimize the
crusting of solids to a depth of no more than 6 -
8 inches over more than 300/6 of surface.
Excessive Vegetative • Decaying vegetation QI Maintain vegetative control along banks of
Growth lagoons and other impoundments to prevent
accumulation of decaying vegetative matter
along water's edge on impoundment's perimeter.
Feeders • Feed Spillage
Feed Storage • Accumulations of feed residues
rr�t
IV
P
_ Dry System
C1 Design, operate and maintain feed systems (e.g.,
bunkers and troughs) to minimize the
accumulation of decaying wastage.
® Clean up spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10
day interval during summer; 15-30 day interval
during winter).
O Reduce moisture accumulation within and
around immediate perimeter of feed storage
areas by insuring drainage away from site
and/or providing adequate containment (e.g.,
covered bin for brewer's grain and similar high
moisture grain products).
El Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
solids in filter strips around feed storage as
needed.

Source Cause_
RMPs to Control Insects.Site Specific Practices
Animal Holding Areas • Accumulations of animal wastes
O
Eliminate low areas that trap moisture along
and feed wastage
fences and other locations where waste
accumulates and disturbance by animals is
minimal. ,
O
Maintain fence rows and filter strips around
animal holding areas to minimize
accumulations of wastes (i.e., inspect for and
remove or break up accumulated solids as
needed). _
Dry Manure Ilandling • Accumulations of animal wastes
0
Remove spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10
Systems
day interval during summer; 15-30 day interval
during winter) where manure is loaded for land
application or disposal.
O
Provide for adequate drainage around manure
stockpiles.
0
Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
wastes in filter strips around stockpiles and
manure handling areas as heeded.
For more information contact the Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology, Box 7613, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC, 27695-7613.
e K,nr - Nnveniher 11. 1996. Pap-e 2

0�-V E/1
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
PH0N_ NUMBERS
DWQ E4\MRGE ?ICY M.kNAGE? M?'T STEM`
SWCD
NRCS E1.2 - 7 f k
This plan will be implemented in the event that wastes from your operation are leaking,
overflowing, or running off site. You should not wart until wastes reach s 1 face waters or
leave your property to consider that you have a problem. You should make every effort to
ensure that this does not happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible location for
all employees at the facility. The following are some action items you should take.
1. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be
possible. Suggested responses to some possible problems are listed below.
A. Lagoon overflow -possible solutions are:
a. Add soil to been to increase elevation of dam.
b. Pump wastes to fields at an acceptable rate.
c. Stop all flows to the lagoon im-nediately.
d. Call a purnping contractor.
e. Make sure no surfa.,e water is entering lagoon.
n B: Runoff from waste application field -actions include:
a. Immediately stop waste application.
b. Create a temporary diversion to contain waste.
c. Incorporate waste to reduce runoff.
d. Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that caused the runoff.
e. Evaluate the application rates for the fields where runoff occurred.
C: Leakage from the waste pipes and sprinklers -action include:
a. Stop recycle pump.
b. Stop irrigation pump.
c. Close valves to elirnurate further discharge.
d. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
D: Leakage from flush systems, houses, solid separators -action include:
a. Stop recycle pump.
b. Stop irrigation pump.
c. Make sure no siphon occurs.
d. Stop all flovvs in the house, flush systems, or solid separators.
December 18, 1996

e. Repair all leaks prior to resmr zing pumps.
E: Leakage from base or sidewall of lagoon. Often this is seepage as opposed to
flowing leaks- possible action:
a. Dig a small sump or ditch away from the embank --Went to catch all seepage,
put in a submersible pump, and pump back to lagoon.
b. If holes are caused by burrowing animals, trap or remove animals and fill
holes and compact with a clay type soil.
c. Have a professional evaluate the condition of the side walls and Iagoon
bonom as soon as possible.
2. Assess the extent of the spill and note any obvious damages.
a. Did the waste reach any surface waters?
b. Approximately how much was released and for what duration?
c. Any darnage noted, such as employee injury, fish kills, or property damage?
d. Did the spill leave the property?
e. Does the spill have the potential to reach sur-ace waters?
f. Could a future rain event cause the spill to reach surface waters?
Cr
Are potable water wells in danger (either on or off of the property)?
h. How much reached surface waters?
3: Contact appropriate agencies.
a. During normal business hours, call your DWQ (Division of Water Quality)
regional office; Phone - - After hours, emergency number: 919-733-3942.
Your phone call should include: your name, facility, telephone number, the details
of the incident from item 2 above, the exact location of the facility, the Iocation or
direction of movement of the spill, weather and wind conditions. The corrective
measures that have been under taken, and the seriousness of the situation.
b. If spill leaves property or enters surface waters, call local EMS Phone number -
c. Instruct EMS to contact local Health Department.
d. Contact CES, phone number - - , local SWCD office phone number
and local MRCS office for advice/technical assistance phone number - -
4: If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriff s Department and explain your
problem to them and ask that person to contact the proper agencies for you.
5: Contact the contractor of your choice to begin repair of problem to minimize off -site
damaze.
a. Contractors Name:
b. Contractors Address: -4�,
e. Contractors Phone:-
2 December 18, 1996

6: Contact the technical specialist u,ho certified the lagoon (MRCS, Consulting
Engineer, etc.)
a. Name: C.,A" -;5
b. Phone: — r
7: Implement procedures as advised by DWQ and technical assistance agencies to
rectify the damage, repair the system, and reassess the waste management plan to
keep problems with release of rites from happening again.
December 18, 1996

g)- yk t r
Version —November 26, 2018
Mortality Management Methods
Indicate which method(s) will be implemented.
When selecting multiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option.
Methods other than those listed must be approved by the State Veterinarian.
Primary 5econdary Routine Mortality
Q Burial three feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge of animal
death. The burial must be at least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water
(G.S.106-403). The bottom of the burial pit should be at least one foot above the seasonal
high water table. Attach burial location map and plan.
Landfill at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC
13B .0200.
71 Rendering at a rendering plant licensed under G.S. 106-168.7.
0 Q Complete incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102.
A composting system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture & Con-
sumer Services Veterinary Division (attach copy of permit). If compost is distributed off -farm,
additional requirements must be met and a permit is required from NC DEQ.
In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the
NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (G.S. 106-549.70).
Any method which, in the professional opinion of the State Veterinarian, would make possible
the salvage of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health.
(Written approval by the State Veterinarian must be attached).
Mass Mortality Plan
Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are
also recommended for all animal operations. This plan outlines farm -specific mortality man-
agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup-
ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options; contact the Division for guidance.
• A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated
when numbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State
Veterinarian.
• Burial must be done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary
Division regulations and guidance.
• Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions (refer to facility's animal
waste management system permit).
• In the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency, the State Veterinarian may enact
additional temporary procedures or measures for disposal according to G.S. 106-399.4.
of Farm dyer/Manager
Signature of Technical Specialist
3 -//—i r
Date
Date

riuliF Im
Dperator : Don
Butler
County;
SAMPSON
Distance to nearest.
residence
(other
than owner):
G. AVERAGE LIME
WEIGHT
(ALW)
0 sows
(farrow to
finish)
x
1417
lbs.
0 sows
(farrow to
feeder)
x
522
lba.
720 head
(finishing
only)
x
135
lbs.
fir sows
(farrow to
wean)
x
4:33
lbs.
0 head
(wean to feeder)
x
30
lbs.
Describe rather•
Date:
FEB 19, 2001
feet
= 0
lbs
_ 0
lbs
= 37200
lbs
- 0
lbs
_ 0
lbs
Total Average Live Weight = 97200 lbs
MINIMUM REQUIRED TREATMENT VOLUME OF LAGOON
Volume = 97200 lbs. ALW x Treatment Volume(CF)/lb. ALW
Treatment Volume(CF,/lb. ALW = 1 CFllb. ALW
Volume = 97200 curie feet
. STORAGE VOLVME FOR SLUDGE ACCUMULATION
Volume = 0.0 cubic_ feet
. TOTAL RESIGNED VOLUME
SLUDGE ACCUMULATION NOT COMPUTED
AT OWNERS REQUEST. REMOVE SLUDGE
AS NEEDED.
Inside top length (feet) ---------------------
Inside top width (feet) ----------------------
Top of dike elevation (feet)-----------------
BOtto& of lagoon elevation (feet) ------------
Freeboard (feet) -----------------------------
Side ;slopes (inside lagoon) ------------------
`]`otal design volume using prismoidal formula
SSIEND1 SS END2 SS: SIDE1 337SIDE2 LENGTH
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 179.0
AREA OF TOP
LENGTH :� WIDTH =
179.0 129.0
AREA OF BOTTOM
LENGTH x WIDTH =
113.0 63.0
185.0
135.0
48.0
36.0
1.0
3.0 1
WIDTH DEPTH
129.0 11.0
23091 (AREA OF TOP)
7119 (AREA OF BOTTOM)
AREA OF MIDSECTION
LENGTH WIDTH * 4
146.0 96.0 56,064 ( AREA OF MIDSECTION m 4 )
CU. FT. = [AREA TOP + (4*AREA MIDSECTION) + AREA BOTTOM] DEPTH/6
2.3091.0 56064.0 7119.0 1.8
Total Designed Volume Available = 158169 CU. FT.

5D . Volume of 25 year - 24 hour stoma
Volume = 7.0 inches / 12 inches per foot * DA
Volume = 14568.8 cubic feet
TOTAL REQUIRED TEMPORARY STORAGE
5A.
23727
cubic
feet
5B.
0
cubic
feet
5C.
14569
cubic
feet
5D.
14569
cubic
feet
TOTAL
52874
cubit
feet
y. SUMMARY
Temporary storage period=___________________>
160
days
Rainfall in excess of evaporation===========>
7.0
inches
25 year - 24 hour
7.0
inches
1.0
feet
Side slopes_______________________-_-_-_____>
3.0
. 1
inside top iene tl-i===________________________>
185.0
feet
Inside top
135.0
feet
Top of dike elevation====------------------->
48.0
feet
Bottom of lagoon elevation =_________________>
36.0
feet
Total required volume====___________________>
150074
cu. it.
Actual design volume=_______________________>
158169
cu. ft. �
Seasonal high watertable elevation (SHWT)===>
41.0
feet
Stop pumping elcv.==________________________>
44.3
feet
Must be > or = to the SHWT elev.==========>
41.0
feet
Must be > or = to min. req. treatment el.=>
42.0
feet
Required minimum treatment volume===========>
97200
cu. it.
Volume at stop pumping elevation============>
102323
cu. it.
Start pumping elev._________________________3
46.3
feet �
Must be at bottom of freeboard & 25 yr. rainfall
Actual volume less 25 yr.- 24 hr. rainfall==>
143600
cu. ft.
Volume at start pumping elevation===========>
142454
cu. it.
Required volume to be pumped================>
38306
cu. It.
�bMi��rP7'taNs SO
G. Cal9Qa4 C1.a r- r0,4
Pn aka UWAO �c .
a��gla�

SHEET 1 OF 2
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PLAN
This lagoon is designed for waste treatment (permanent storage) and
180 days of temporary storage. The time required for the planned
fluid level (pernianent and temporary storage) to be reached may vary
due to site conditiona,, weather, flushing operations, and the amount
of fresh water ,added to the system.
The designed temporary storage consists of 180 days storage for:
(1) waste from animals and (2) excess rainfall after evaporation. Also
included is storage for the 25 year - 24 hour storm for the location.
The volume of waste generated from a given number of animals will be
fairly constant throughout the year and from year to year, but excess
rainfall will vary from year to year. The 25 year rainfall will not
be a factor to consider in an annual pumping cycle, but this storage
volume must always be available.
A maximum elevation is determined in each design to begin
pumping and this is usually the outlet invert of pipe(a) from
building(s). If the outlet pipe is not installed at the elevation to
begin pumping, a permanent marker must be installed at this elevation
to indicate when pumping should begin. An elevation must be established
to step pumping to maintain lagoon treatment depth.
Pumping can be ,started or stopped at any time between these two
elevations for operating convenience as site conditions permit, such as
weather, soils, crop, and equipment in order to apply waste without
runoff or leaching.
Lund application of waste water is recognized as an acceptable
method of disposal. Methods of application, include solid set,
center pivot, guns, and traveling gun irrigation. mare should be
taken when applying waste to prevent damage to crops.
The following items are to be carried out:
I. It is strongly recommended that the treatment lagoon be pre -
charged to 11d2 its capacity to prevent excessive odors during
start-up. Pre -charging reduces the concentration of the: initial
waste entering the lagoon thereby reducing odors. Solids should be
covered with effluent at all times. When precharging is complete,
flush buildings with recycled lagoon liquid. Fresh water should not
be used for flushing after initial filling.
2. The attached waste utilization plan shall be followed. This
plan recommences sampling and testing of waste (see attachment)
before land application.
3. Begin temporary storage pump -out of the lagoon when fluid level
reaches the alevatiun 46.3 as marked by permanent marker. Stop pump -
out when the fluid level reaches elevation 44.3 . This temporary
storage, less '25 yr-- 24 hr storm, contains 38306 cubic feet or
286526 gallons.

SHEET 2 OF 2
4. The recommended maximum amount to apply per irrigation is
one (1) inch and the recommended maximum application rate is 0.3
inch per hour. Refer to the waste utilization plan for further detaila.
5. Deep vegetation on the embankment and areas adjacent to the
lagoon mewed annually. Vegetation should be fertilized as needed
to maintain a vigorous stand.
G. Repair any eroded areas or areas damaged by rodents and
establish in vegetation.
i. All aurtaca runoff is to be diverted from the lagoon to stable
outlets.
8. Keep a minimum of 25 feet of erases vegetated buffer around
waste utilization field—o adjacent to perennial streams. Waste will
not be applied in open ditches. Do not pump within 200 feet of a
residence or within 100 feet of a well. Waste shall be applied in a
manner not to reach other property and public right-of-ways.
9. The Clean Water Act of 1377 prohibits the discharge of
pollutants into waters of the United States. The Department of
Environment, Health, and Natural Resources, Division of Environ-
mental Management, has the responsibility for enforcing this law.

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN
Proper lagoon liquid management should be a year-round priority. It is especially
important to manage levels so that you do not have problems during extended rainy and
wet periods.
Maximum storage capacity should be available in the lagoon for periods when the
receiving crop is dormant (such as wintertime for bermudagrass) or when there are
extended rainy spells such as the thunderstorm season in the summertime. This means
that at the first signs of plant growth in the later winter/early spring, irrigation according to
a farm waste management plan should be done whenever the land is dry enough to
receive lagoon liquid. This will make storage space available in the lagoon for future wet
periods. In the late summer/early fall the lagoon should be pumped down to the low
marker (see Figure 2-1) to allow for winter storage. Every effort should be made to
maintain the lagoon close to the minimum liquid level as long as the weather and waste
utilization plan will allow it.
Waiting until the lagoon has reached its maximum storage capacity before starting to
irrigate does not leave room for storing excess water during extended wet periods.
Overflow from the lagoon for any reason except a 25-year, 24-hour storm is a violation of
state law and subject to penalty action.
The routine maintenance of a lagoon involves the following:
Maintenance of a vegetative cover for the dam.
Fescue or common bermudagrass are the most common vegetative
covers. The vegetation should be fertilized each year, if needed, to
maintain a vigorous stand. The amount of fertilizer applied should be
based on a soils test, but in the event that it is not practical to obtain
a soils test each year, the lagoon embankment and surrounding areas
should be fertilized with 800 pounds per acre of 10-10-10, or
equivalent.
Brush and trees on the embankment must be controlled. This may be
done by mowing, spraying, grazing, chopping, or a combination of
these practices. This should be done at least once a year and
possibly twice in years that weather conditions are favorable for
heavy vegetative growth.
NOTE: If vegetation is controlled by spraying, the herbicide must not be allowed to enter
the lagoon water. Such chemicals could harm the bacteria in the lagoon that are treating
the waste.
Maintenance inspections of the entire lagoon should be made during the initial filling of
the lagoon and at least monthly and after major rainfall and storm events. Items to be
checked should include, as a minimum, the following:
Waste Inlet Pipes, Recycling Pipes, and Overflow Pipes ---look for:
1. separation of joints
2. cracks or breaks
3. accumulation of salts or minerals
4. overall condition of pipes

Lagoon surface ---look for:
1. undesirable vegetative growth
2. floating or lodged debris
Embankment ---look for:
1. settlement, cracking, or "jug" holes
2. side slope stability ---slumps or bulges
3. wet or damp areas on the back slope
4. erosion due to lack of vegetation or as a result of wave action
5. rodent damage
Larger lagoons may be subject to liner damage due to wave action caused by strong
winds. These waves can erode the lagoon sidewalls, thereby weakening the lagoon dam.
A good stand of vegetation will reduce the potential damage caused by wave action. If
wave action causes serious damage to a lagoon sidewall, baffles in the lagoon may be
used to reduce the wave impacts.
Any of these features could lead to erosion and weakening of the dam. If your lagoon has
any of these features, you should call an appropriate expert familiar with design and
construction of waste lagoons. You may need to provide a temporary fix if there is a threat
of a waste discharge. However, a permanent solution should be reviewed by the
technical expert. Any digging into a lagoon dam with heavy equipment is a serious
undertaking with potentially serious consequences and should not be conducted unless
recommended by an appropriate technical expert.
Transfer Pumps ---check for proper operation of:
1. recycling pumps
2. irrigation pumps
Check for leaks, loose fittings, and overall pump operation. An unusually loud or grinding
noise, or a large amount of vibration, may indicate that the pump is in need or repair or
replacement.
NOTE: Pumping systems should be inspected and operated frequently enough so that you
are not completely "surprised" by equipment failure. You should perform your pumping
system maintenance at a time when your lagoon is at its low level. This will allow some
safety time should major repairs be required. Having a nearly full lagoon is not the time
to think about switching, repairing , or borrowing pumps. Probably, if your lagoon is full,
your neighbor's lagoon is full also. You should consider maintaining an inventory of spare
parts or pumps.
Surface water diversion features are designed to carry all surface
drainage waters (such as rainfall runoff, roof drainage, gutter outlets,
and parking lot runoff) away from your lagoon and other waste
treatment or storage structures. The only water that should be
coming from your lagoon is that which comes from your flushing
(washing) system pipes and the rainfall that hits the lagoon directly.
You should inspect your diversion system for the following:
1. adequate vegetation
2. diversion capacity
3. ridge berm height

Identified problems should be corrected promptly. It is advisable to inspect your system
during or immediately following a heavy rain. If technical assistance is needed to
determine proper solutions, consult with appropriate experts.
You should record the level of the lagoon just prior to when rain is predicted, and then
record the level again 4 to 6 hours after the rain (assumes there is no pumping). This will
give you an idea of how much your lagoon level will rise with a certain rainfall amount
(you must also be recording your rainfall for this to work). Knowing this should help in
planning irrigation applications and storage. If your lagoon rises excessively, you may
have an inflow problem from a surface water diversion or there may be seepage into the
lagoon from the surrounding land.
Lagoon Operation
Startup:
1. Immediately after construction establish a complete sod cover on bare soil
surfaces to avoid erosion.
2. Fill new lagoon design treatment volume at least half full of water before
waste loading begins, taking care not to erode lining or bank slopes.
3. Drainpipes into the lagoon should have a flexible pipe extender on the
end of the pipe to discharge near the bottom of the lagoon during initial
filling or another means of slowing the incoming water to avoid erosion of
the lining.
4. When possible, begin loading new lagoons in the spring to maximize
bacterial establishment (due to warmer weather).
5. It is recommended that a new lagoon be seeded with sludge from a healthy
working swine lagoon in the amount of 0.25 percent of the full lagoon
liquid volume. This seeding should occour at least two weeks prior to the
addition of wastewater.
6. Maintain a periodic check on the lagoon liquid pH. If the pH falls below
7.0, add agricultural lime at the rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of
lagoon liquid volume until the pH rises above 7.0. Optimum lagoon liquid
pH is between 7.5 and 8.0.
7. A dark color, lack of bubbling, and excessive odor signals inadequate
biological activity. Consultation with a technical specialist is recommended
if these conditions occur for prolonged periods, especially during the warm
season.
Loading:
The more frequently and regularly that wastewater is added to a lagoon, the better the
lagoon will function. Flush systems that wash waste into the lagoon several times daily are
optimum for treatment. Pit recharge systems, in which one or more buildings are drained
and recharged each day, also work well.
RECEIVED N. CZ,'2WM ~
APR n 12019
W#WQWI1W
ReglamlU tiowSec[ian

Practice water conservation ---minimize building water usage and
spillage from leaking waterers, broken pipes and washdown through
proper maintenance and water conservation.
Minimize feed wastage and spillage by keeping feeders adjusted. This
will reduce the amount of solids entering the lagoon
Management:
Maintain lagoon liquid level between the permanent storage level and
the full temporary storage level.
Place visible markers or stakes on the lagoon bank to show the
minimum liquid level and the maximum liquid lever (Figure 2-1).
Start irrigating at the earliest possible date in the spring based on
nutrient requirements and soil moisture so that temporary storage
will be maximized for the summer thunderstorm season. Similarly,
irrigate in the late summer/early fall to provide maximum lagoon
storage for the winter.
The lagoon liquid level should never be closer than 1 foot to the lowest
point of the dam or embankment.
Do not pump the lagoon liquid level lower that the permanent storage
level unless you are removing sludge.
Locate float pump intakes approximately 18 inches underneath the liquid
surface and as far away from the drainpipe inlets as possible.
Prevent additions of bedding materials, long-stemmed forage or vegetation,
molded feed, plastic syringes, or other foreign materials into the lagoon.
Frequently remove solids from catch basins at end of confinement houses or
wherever they are installed.
Maintain strict vegetation, rodent, and varmint control near lagoon edges.
Do not allow trees or large bushes to grow on lagoon dam or embankment.
Remove sludge from the lagoon either when the sludge storage capacity is
full or before it fills 50 percent of the permanent storage volume.
If animal production is to be terminated, the owner is responsible for
obtaining and implementing a closure plan to eliminate the possibility of a
pollutant discharge.
Sludge Removal:
Rate of lagoon sludge buildup can be reduced by-

proper lagoon sizing,
mechanical solids separation of flushed waste,
gravity settling of flushed waste solids in an appropriately designed basin, or
minimizing feed wastage and spillage.
Lagoon sludge that is removed annually rather than stored long term will.
have more nutrients,
have more odor, and
require more land to properly use the nutrients.
Removal techniques:
Hire a custom applicator.
Mix the sludge and lagoon liquid with a chopper -agitator impeller
pump through large -bore sprinkler irrigation system onto nearby cropland;
and soil incorporate.
Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or
forageland; mix remaining sludge; pump into liquid sludge applicator; haul
and spread onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate.
Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or
forageland; dredge sludge from lagoon with dragline or sludge barge; berm
an area beside lagoon to receive the sludge so that liquids can drain back
into lagoon; allow sludge to dewater; haul and spread with manure spreader
onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate.
Regardless of the method, you must have the sludge material analyzed for waste
constituents just as you would your lagoon water. The sludge will contain different
nutrient and metal values from the liquid. The application of the sludge to fields will be
limited by these nutrients as well as any previous waste applications to that field and crop
requirement. Waste application rates will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
When removing sludge, you must also pay attention to the liner to prevent damage. Close
attention by the pumper or drag -line operator will ensure that the lagoon liner remains
intact. If you see soil material or the synthetic liner material being disturbed, you should
stop the activity immediately and not resume until you are sure that the sludge can be
removed without liner injury. If the liner is damaged it must be repaired as soon as
possible.
Sludge removed from the lagoon has a much higher phosphorus and heavy metal content
than liquid. Because of this it should probably be applied to land with low phosphorus
and metal levels, as indicated by a soil test, and incorporated to reduce the chance of
erosion. Note that if the sludge is applied to fields with very high soil -test phosphores, it
should be applied only at rates equal to the crop removal of phosphorus. As with other
wastes, always have your lagoon sludge analyzed for its nutrient value.
The application of sludge will increase the amount of odor at the waste application site.
Extra precaution should be used to observe the wind direction and other conditions which
could increase the concern of neighbors.

Possible Causes of Lagoon Failure
Lagoon failures result in the unplanned discharge of wastewater from the structure. Types
of failures include leakage through the bottom or sides, overtopping, and breach of the
dam. Assuming proper design and construction, the owner has the responsibility for
ensuring structure safety. Items which may lead to lagoon failures include:
Modification of the lagoon structure ---an example is the placement of a pipe
in the dam without proper design and construction. (Consult an expert in
lagoon design before placing any pipes in dams.)
Lagoon liquid levels ---high levels are a safety risk.
Failure to inspect and maintain the dam.
Excess surface water flowing into the lagoon.
Liner integrity ---protect from inlet pipe scouring, damage during sludge
removal, or rupture from lowering lagoon liquid Ievel below groundwater
table.
NOTE: If lagoon water is allowed to overtop the dam, the moving water will soon cause
gullies to form in the dam. Once this damage starts, it can quickly cause a large discharge
of wastewater and possible dam failure.