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HomeMy WebLinkAbout820268_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410State of North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Resources Animal Waste Management Systems Request for Certification of Coverage Facility Currently covered by an Expiring Sate Non -Discharge General Permit On September 30, 2019, the North Carolina State Non -Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will expire. As required by these permits, facilities that have been issued Certificates of Coverage to operate under these State Non -Discharge General Permits must apply for renewal at least 180 days prior to their expiration date. Therefore, all applications must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3, 2019. Please do not leave any question unanswered Please verify all information and make any necessary corrections below. Application must be signed and dated by the Permittee. 1. Farm Number: 82-0268 2. Facility Name: William Powell Farm #2 3. Landowner's Name (same as on the Waste Management Plan): 4. Landowner's Mailing Address: 3635 Tomahawk Hwy City: Harrells State: Telephone Number: 910-532-4410 Ext. E-mai 5. Facility's Physical Address: 3261 Wildcat Rd City: Harrells State: 6. County where Facility is located: Sampson 7. Farm Manager's Name (if different from Landowner): 8. Farm Manager's telephone number (include area code): 9. Integrator's Name (if there is not an Integrator, write "None"): 10. Operator Name (OIC): William A. Powell 11. Lessee's Name (if there is not a Lessee, write "None"): Certificate Of Coverage Number: AWS820268 William A Powell NC Zip: 28444-8047 williampowellag@y&oo.com oo.com NC Zip: 28444 Murphy -Brown LLC Phone No.: 910-385-7263 OIC #: 18428 12. Indicate animal operation type and number: Current Permit: Operations Type Allowable Count Swine - Feeder to Finish 2,560 Operation Types: Swine Wean to Finish Wean to Feeder Farrow to Finish Feeder to Finish Farrow to Wean Cattle Dairy Calf Dairy Heifer Milk Cow Dry Cow Beef Stocker Calf Dry Poultry Non Laying Chickens Laying Chickens Pullets Turkeys Turkey Pullet Other Types Horses - Horses Horses - Other Sheep- Sheep Sheep - Other Farrow to Feeder Beef Feeder Boar/Stud Beef Broad Cow Wet Poultry Gilts Other Non Laying Pullet Other Layers APR 0� 13. Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary corrections and provide missing data.) Structure Name Estimated Date Built Liner Type (Clay, Synthetic, Unknown) Capacity (Cubic Feet) Estimated Surface Area (Square Feet) 1�L�UQU Design Freeboard "Redline" (Inches) 1 C C 104 &0 .cso Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application as required by NC General Statutes 143-215.1OC(d) to the address below. The CAWMP must include the following components: 1. The most recent Waste Utilization Plan (WUP), signed by the owner and a certified technical specialist, containing: a. The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields (e.g. irrigation, injection, etc_) b. A map of every field used for land application (for example: irrigation map) c. The soil series present on every land application field d. The crops grown on every land application field e_ The Realistic Yield Expectation (RYE) for every crop shown in the WUP f. The maximum PAN to be applied to every land application field g. The waste application windows for every crop utilized in the WUP h. The required NRCS Standard specifications 2. A site map/schematic 3. Emergency Action Plan 4. Insect Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted 5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted 6. Mortality Control Checklist with selected method noted - Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist 7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and complete. Also provide any site evaluations, wetland determinations, or hazard classifications that may be applicable to your facility. 8. Operation and Maintenance Plan If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal. (e.g. composting, digesters, waste transfers, etc.) As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the application and all the CAWMP items above to: 2019PermitRenewal@ncdenr.gov I attest that ,this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that, if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application package will be returned to me as incomplete. Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application may be subject to civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both for a similar offense.) Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a corporation, signature should be by a principal pexecutive officer of the corporation): � Name: j00 �,(� G �� Title:�f%�� Signature: Date: Name: Title: Signature: Date: Name: Title: Signature: Date: THE COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: NCDEQ-DWR Animal Feeding Operations Program 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636 Telephone number: (919) 707-9100 E-mail: 2019PermitRenewal@ncdenr.gov FORM: RENEWAL -STATE GENERAL 02/2019 Nutrient Management Plan For Animal Waste Utilization This plan has been prepared for: William Powell Farm �2 William A Powell 484 Tomahawk Hwy Harrells, NC 28444 910-532-4410 12-04-2001 This plan has been developed by: Billy Houston Hygro, Inc 441 Cabin Street Pink Hill, NC 28572 910-298-5426 Devel ` r Signature Type of Plan: Nitrogen Only with Manure Only Owner/Manager/Producer Agreement I (we) understand and agree to the specifications and the operation and maintenance .procedures established in this nutrient management plan which includes an animal waste utilization plan for the farm named above. I have read and understand the Required Specifications concerning animal waste management that are included with this plan. APR 03 2019 Signature (owner) v Date ,t°��'�tiur�a Recttar� Signature (manager or producer) Date This plan meets the minimum standards and specifications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service or the standard of practices adopted by the Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Plan Approved By: Technical Specialist Signature Date 925935 Database Version 1.08 Date Printed: 12-04-2001 Cover Page 1 Nutrients applied in accordance with this plan will be supplied from the following source(s): Commercial Fertilizer is not included in this plan. ........,1 ��Ur1-.-jiubtj Lagoon Uquia waste generated 2,373,120 gals/year by a 2,560 animal Swine Finishing Lagoon Liquid operation. This production facility has waste storage capacities of approximately 180 days. Estimated Pounds of Plant Available Nitrogen Generated per Year Broadcast 5469 Incorporated 9393 Injected 10344 Irrigated 5945 Actual PAN Applied Year I , Notes: In source ID. S means standard source. U means user defined source. REOEIVEDj,jC,;�ZZjDWR APR 0 3 2019 WO'qrQuaiity Region I DPetatlons Section ------------------------ ­ 925935 ----- -- --- Date Printed: 12/4/01 atabase Version 1.08------- ---- - -SourcePage 1 Narrative This WUP is written based on an irrigation footprint completed by Mr. Billy Hall(see attached). The PAN and Yield Data are taken from a WUP written by Mr. Hank Gay dated 12/14/98(see attached WUP). ------------------------ ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ - 925935 Database Version 1.0 Date Printed: 12-04-2001 Narrative Page 1 lan for this s plan provides an estimate of the number The Waste Utilization table shown below summarizes the wastehrequires utilizationnsideration of a realistic y rids of the crops to be grown, their nutrient f acres of cropland needed to use the nutrients being produced. Thep requirements, and proper timing of applications to maximize nutriT uptake. nitrogen amount supplied by -� -able provides an estimate of the amount of nitrogen requ o b crow rAii estimate of the quantity of soli anop being grown and an estimate of ed liquid waste thatwillbe applied on each e or other by-products, cone indicated fertilizer and roof1niittrro1 from en from each source is also included. field in order to supply the indicated quantity g o ensure that the lan adequately des tion of he A balance of the total manure produced and the total manure applied is included in the tabwaste storage facilities es (lagoons or hiding for mdayaapply more manure generated by the operation. Animal operations that generate liquid wader and utilize$ or less waste in any given Year than is annually generated by the facility. hx order to determine whether the plan adequately utilizes the waste produced by the facili , the storage capacity table included in this plan should be reviewed to ensure that the des ign capacity of the storage facility is not exceeded during the ty planning period. r under applied Depending on the requirements of the crop and the nutrient coeand annual t of the soil tests are, some e required iflikely animal waste �s being applied. ifanimal teests should be used P utilized. Waste should be analyzed before each application realistic cycle to balance the nutrient application amounts with the realistic yields of the crop to be grown. Nutrient management plans may require that the application of on of phosphorous when excessive levels of this nutrient are detected in a field. animal waste be limited so as to prevent over applicati Waste Utilization Table Total Use. Source I.D. soil Series Acre Acres Crop Tract Field 17.7 17.7 'mall Grain oversees 7110 I S7 Blanton 17.7 17.7 ybrid Bermudagtas 7110 1 57 Blanton la 3.3 3.3 mall Grain Overseed 7110 2 S7 Wagram 3.3 3.3 ybrid Bermudagrass 7110 2 S7 Wagram -lay Year 1 Nitrogen CFO, - Res. Nirtrient Nutrient Req'd Applied I RYE I Applic. RYE Unit ` Period 11 N 1.0 Tons 10/1-3/31 * 50 4.5 ITons *3/1-10/31 * 225 1.0 Tons 10/1-3/31 * 50 5.5 ITons *3/1-10/31 * 275 .lpplia N N Method 0_1 0 11mg 0 1 0 1 brig.- 0 0 brig. 01 0 1 Irrig. Manure Liquid Solid Liquid Solid PA Manure Manure Manure Manure Nutrient Applied Applied Applied Applied Applied (acre) (acre) (Field) (Field) 1000 Ibs/A gal/A tons 1000 gals tons 50 20.0 0.0 353.3 0.0 225 89.8 0.0 1,589.8 0.0 50 20.0 0.0 66.3 0.0 275 109.8 0.01 364.5 0.0 - r Year 1 aste Utilization Table -----_- Nitrogen Comm. Res, Manure Liquid Solid Liquid Solid pA Fert (lbs/A) PA Manure Manure Manure 'Vianure Nutrient Nulriea t Nutrient Applied Applied Applied Applied Req'd Applied Applied (acre) (acre) (Field) (Field) RYE Applic. Total Use. N N .�pplio. N Method 1000 lbs/A gal/A tons -- 1000 gals tons Source Crop RYE Unit Period Soil Series Acre Acres P Total 1,:lied, 100 gallons 2,374 rac3 Field I.D. Y La On L1Cl lids J Total oduced It n0 allons 2,373 alance 1 00 rallrnis 1 Total : lied, tons 0 nA „„rr- C1 Iirlc Total Pro aced. tons 0 1. 4 thetraa1coluum, symbol o«ied. Symbol * ilieans us''r I I l i 925935 - - W --------------•---------- Page 2 4-------------- -DatePrinted: 12-0-2001 ------ Database Version 1.08 The Irrigation Application Factors for each field in this plan are shown in the following table. Infiltration rate varies with soils. If applying waste nutrients through an irrigation system, you must apply at a rate that will not result in runoff- This table provides the maximum application rate per hour that may be applied to each field selected to receive wastewater. It also lists the maximum application amount That each field may receive in any one application event. Irrigation Application Factors - - I A Wlication Rate A�plica add Amount Tract Field j Soil Series (inehesrhour) (in 07 7110 1 Blanton 0.75 7110 12 1 Wagram 0.60 0.72 ---- ----------------------- --------------- ----------- 925935 Database- Version-1.08 Date Printed: 12-04-2001 IAF Page The following Lagoon Sludge Nitrogen Utilization table provides an estimate of the number of acres needed for sludge utilization for the indicated accumulation period. These estimates are based on average nitrogen concentrations for each source, the number of animals in the facility and the plant available nitrogen application rates shown in the second column. Lagoon sludge contains nutrients and organic matter remaining after treatment and application of the effluent. At clean out, this material must be utilized for crop production and applied at agronomic rates. In most cases, the priority nutrient is nitrogen but other nutrients including phosphorous, copper and zinc can also be limiting. Since nutrient levels are generally very high, application of sludge must be carefully applied. Sites must first be evaluated for their suitability for sludge application. Ideally, effluent spray fields should not be used for sludge application. If this is not possible, care should be taken not to load effluent application fields with high amounts of copper and zinc so that additional effluent cannot be applied. On sites vulnerable to surface water moving to streams and lakes, phosphorous is a concern. Soils containing very high phosphorous levels may also be a concern. Lagoon Sludge Nitrogen Utilization Table 7 Maximum Maximum Sludge Crop PA-N Rate lb/ac Application Rate Minimum Acres Minimum Acres Minimum Acres 1000 gaUac 5 Years Accumulation 10 Years Accumulation 15 Years Accumulation Swine Feeder -Finish Lagoon Sludge - Standard Com 120 bu 1501 13.16 Hay 6 ton R.Y.E. 300 26.32 32.09 64. L9 96.28 Soybean 40 hu 160 14.04 16.05 32.09 48.14 30.09 60.17 90.26 ------------------ 925935 Database- Version 1.08 -- - - ------------------ Date Printed: 12-04-2001 - -- - - - - - - - - Sludge - - -- Sludge Page 1 ---------- The Available Waste Storage Capacity table provides an estimate of the number of capacity available at the end of each month of the plan. Available oftstorage c days of storage design storage capacity in days minus the number of d capacity is calculated as the startdate is a value eaxter� by de user and is defined as tbef date nor to applying rage volume accumulated. The crop m the plan at which storage volume in the lagoon or holdin P PP Yang nutrients to the first S pond is equal to zero. Available storage capacity should be greater than or equal to zero and less than or storage capacity of the facility. If the available storageequal in the design trients capacity, this indicates that the plan calls for the capacity of u greater than the design storage If available storage capacity is negative, the estimated volume Of cusethat d have not yet accumulated. design storage volume li the structure. Either ofthese s interval in the waste ut iituatiOM indicates that the l�eds the zation plan is inconsistent with the indicates tempo etry storage capacity. P d application Po Available Waste Sto_ra_ ;: a Canacit Source Name Swine F 4 ceder-Find Start Date 9/30 ish Lagoon Li Design Sto e C Plan Year aeity (Da s) Month 180 1 Available Storage Capacity (naval 1 2 � 5 — - 1 3 120 1 4 158 1 5 158 1 6 157 1 7 157 1 8 180 1 9 180 1 10 180 1 1 11 12 * Available Storage Capacity is calculated as of the end of each month. 149 925935 --Database Version 1.08--------- -- Date - Printed: 12-04----2001 --- --- - a - - --------------- -- Capacity page 1 -- 0 Required Specifications For Animal Waste Management i. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift, manmade conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during operation or land application. Any discharge of waste that reaches surface water is prohibited. 2. Thcre must b, documentation in the design folder that the producer either �7, , has an agreement for use of adequate land on which to properly apply the waste. If the producer does not own adequate land to properly dispose of the waste, he/she shall provide evidence of an agreement with a landowner, who is within a reasonable proximity, allowing him/her the use of the land for waste application. It is the responsibility of the owner of the waste production facility to secure an update of the Nutrient Management Plan when there is a change in the operation, increase in the number of animals, method of application, receiving crop type, or available land. I Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the nitrogen needs for realistic crop yields based upon soil type, available moisture, historical data, climatic conditions, and level of management, unless there are regulations that restrict the rate of applications for other nutrients. 4. Animal waste be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre per year. Waste may be applied to land eroding at more than 5 tons per acre per year but less than 10 tons per acre per year provided grass Miter strips are installed where runoff leaves the field (see USDA, MRCS Field Office Technical Guide Standard 393 - Filter Strips). 5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or by disking after waste application. Waste should not be applied when there is danger of drift from the land application field. 6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, waste will be soil incorporated on conventionally tilled cropland. When waste is applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the waste may be broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone to flooding (see "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" for guidance). --------------------------------------------------------------------- - a. ----------- --o - - � �=' Database version 2.U8 Date Printed: 12-04-2001 Specification Page I AM 7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration rate such that rarneff does not occur offsite or to surface waters and in a method which does not cause drift from the site during application. No ponding should occur is order to control odor and flies. 8. Animal waste shah not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall events, air when the soil surface is frozen. 9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a manner that the crop is not covered with waste to a depth that would inhibit growtti. f he potential for salt damage from animal waste should also be "onsidered• 10. Nutrient from was! shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring - I a with a high potential for leaching. Wasteinutrient load'ng rates on these sons should be held to a minimum and a suitable 'Winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of the crop or forages breaking dormancy. 11•---'Lny sited on or after October 1,1995 shall comply the foilowing: The outer perimeter of the land area onto which waste is applied from a lagoon that is a component of a swine farm shall be at least 50 feet from any residential property boundary and canal. Animal waste, other thaTi swine waste from facilities sited on or after October not be applied closer that 25 feet to perennial waters. 12. Animal waste not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells. 13. Animal waste shali not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other than those owned by the landowner. 14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and public right-of-ways. ------------------- - --- - _ - ------------------------------------------------- Uaiabase iiersaon 1.08 Date Printed: 12-04-2001 - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - Specification Page 2 ,: ste shah not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways, A by a d.-scharge or by over -spraying. Animal waste may be prior converted cropland provided the fields have been am—s d as a !and application site by a "technical specialist". Animal r� shall not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly tar courses, and on other grassed waterways, waste shall be r- at agronomic rates in a manner that causes no runoff or drift LANNr-sac aad industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets, *a" eEc- shall not be dscharged into the animal waste management 916SCdWx. of appropriate vegetation will be established on all areas (iagocu embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). Areas Y,-need, as nee ary, to protect the vegetation. Vegetation such s. shrubs, and other woody species, etc., are limited to areas where , ed approp te. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and `1- Berms and &-nictures should be inspected regularly for r *a: We cl er�w a, ke: te e, or discharge. sue: 1 production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the a�rpsfo i+. btaining and implementing a "closure plan" *-N-it *ill t1iminate tt a possibility of an illegal discharge, pollution, and C72LOAa. "'' �rt►a� a ®tiling sty' LKI ;_ res. piping, pumps, reels, etc., should be wtRK- a on a aegu; r basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks, and spills. A I*r ntamtereanL. checklist should be kept on site. -- A waste can be s in a rotation that includes vegetables and *;ter crops for direct x .t-zn consumption. However, if animal waste is ►r ,;■ crcips ro, aira --.man consumption, it should only be applied �- t with no sue. -r• applications of animal waste during the crop WSOWAL hag be installed to mark the top and bottom vatic ns of the tent storage (pumping volume) of all waste mat lagoons pg shall be managed to maintain the liquid kwe it irm A marker will be required to mark the M: vm storage - _ for waste storage ponds. - - ---- --------- ------ - - - - - - i:-- -p y �atabase Ver=. Date Printed: 12-04-20p1 Specification Pa — ;x 5 =l �i b- «Sty ' "- 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested • iMsz a"imuni ly Skes where waste products are applied. :e-determining nutrient, unless other restrictions i re fx,asie to. be a *d based on other nutrients, resulting in a lower Kkatiur, rate than a -7i-ogen based rate. Zinc and copper levels in md and alternative crop sites shall be used when =e ats approa` -, neessive levels. pti shall be adjusted and " ed for oplml. -- crop production. Soil and waste analysis Is shall be kept fo'r a minimum of five years. Poultry dry waste -ation records Shall be maintained for a minimum of three years, 0 auk application records for all other waste shall be maintained for a mw o u m of five years ae unals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina Farmstead - �y _ C case • Swine production . aaailmal vUQy surfaces Floor surfaces Manure collection pits Ventilation exhaust fans Indoor surfaces Flush tanks Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist BMPs to tniTize Odor - - A'vegetative or wooded buffers - - — Site Specific Practices Recommended best management practices GYGood judgment and common sense • Dirty manure-covered CYD- - - - ry floors - animals • Wet manure -covered floors I� Slotted floors �' Waterers located ovcr slotted floors W Feeders at high end of solid floors ®'Scrape manure buildup from floors _ • Urine 0 Underfloor ventilation for drying — - ® Partial microbic! L� i'Frequent mamire removal by flush, pit recliarge- decomposition or scrape O Underfloor ventilation • Volatile gases C�Fan maintenance - - - - - - - • Dust - --- ©'Efficient air movement •• Dust - � Washdown between groups of animals Cl,'Teed additives ❑ Feeder covers WFeed delivery downspout extenders to feeder • Agitation of recycled lagoon covers_ Cl Fl h - - - - tank covers liquid while tanks are filling us Extend fill lines to near bottom of tanks with anti -siphon gents Source End of drainpipes at lagoon Cause • Agitation during wastewater BMPs to MinimizeOdar Extend discharges oint of ipes underneathSite Specific practices p conveyance p lagoon liquid level Lagoon surfaces • Volatile gas emissions; &YProper lagoon liquid capacity, • Biological mixing; 1110"Correct lagoon startup procedures; • Agitation G;r Minitnum surface area -to -volume ratio; fik'Minimum agitation when.pumping; 11 Mechanical aeration; M"- Proven biological additives Irrigation sprinkler nozzles • Iligh pressure agitation; 10' Irrigate on dry days with little or no wind; • Wind drill Q/Minimum recommended operating pressure; GKPump intake near lagoon liquid surface; Storage O Pump from second -stage lagoon tank or basin surface • Partial microbial decomposition; (ice Dottorn or midlevel loading; Mixing while filling; O Tank covers; • Agitation when emptying 0 Basin surface mats of solids; CV-1Proven biological additives or oxidants Sellling basin surface • Partial microbial decomposition; GF--Extend drainpipe outlets underneath liquid • Mixing while tilling; level; _ • Agitation when emptying CY Remove settled solids regularly Manure, slurry or sludge spreader outlets • Agitation when spreading; 0—Soil injection of slurry/sludges; • Volatile gas emissions FT— Wash residual manure from spreader after use; _ Cdrl'roven biological additives or oxidants Uncovered manure, • Volatile gas emissions while 0— Soil injection of slurry/sludges slurry or sludge on field drying surfaces [ Soil incorporation within 48 his.; CY$pread in thin uniforttt layers for rapid drying; ©'lProven biological additives or oxidants Dead animals Carcass decomposition [9—Proper dispositirnh of carcasses Dead animal disposal • Carcass decomposition Ca'Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits; pits 0 Proper location/construction of disposal pits incinerators • Incomplete combuslion t7 Secondary stack burners A' 'C- T-loveinber 11, 1996, Page el r Source Cause HMPs to Minimize Odor Siie Specific Practices Standing water around • Improper drainage; Grade and landscape such drat water drains facilities • Microbial decomposition of away from facilities organic matter Manure tracked onto • Poorly maintained access roads 4 Fann access road maintenance --- public roads from farm access Additional Information: _ Swine Manure Management ; 0200 Rule/BMP Packet -- Swine Production Farm Potential Odor Sources and Remedies; EDAE Fact Sheet Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Pit Recharge - Lagoon Treatment ; EBAE 128-88 Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Underfloor Flush - Lagoon Treatment; EBAE 129-98 Lagoon Design and Management for Livestock Manure Treatment and Storage; EBAE 103-83 Calibration of Manure and Wastewater Application Equipment; EBAE Fact Sheet Controlling Odors from Swine Buildings ; PIH-33 Environmental Assurance Program ; NPPC Manual Options for Managing Odor; a report from the Swine Odor Task Force Nuisance Concerns in Animal Manure Management: Odors and Flies; PRO107, 1995 Conference Proceedings _ Available From; NCSU, County Extension Center NCSU -BAE NCSU - BAE NCSU-BAE NCSU - BAE NCSU - BAE NCSU - Swine Extension NC Pork Producers Assoc NCSU Agri Communications I-lorida Cooperative Extension AMOC - Novem bar 11, 1996, Page 5 Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations --"Cause BMPs go Colltrol Insects - - - 1�lu5h (iuttcls Accunlulrliun of solids Sitc Specilir 1'raclices Liquid Systems �-- -- - (T_ Flush system is designed and operated - sufficiently to remove acculnulatecJ solids from •'utters as designed. I lt' It move bridging of accumulaled solids at ,1 oons :lml fits ---- . b C'nlstul Solids - iischarge Maintain lagoons, sellliag basins ilia(] pits where -- _— - ` --'-- ---- pest breeding is apparent to nlininlize the crusting 4solids to a depth -�___-_--- ILAI.CJSIYC vc'Cldllve of lio More than 6 - inches over more than 30% of surlace. Decaying b 1)ecaylnl, Vc�elaU/ill _ Malldalll Ve � Sc.taUve control slung banks cif �--•-- � ----•--'----- lagoons and other impoundmernls to prevent accumulation of decaying vegelalive malter along; water's eclge on illlpouncfnlelu's perimeter. • Fccd Spillage Dry Systems — -- ---- -- — -- --- — --- -- lT Design, operate ilia(] nlailllaill feet) syslen►s- bunkers and (roughs) to Ininunize like M/ccunllllatloll of decaylllg wastage. (lean UP spillage oil a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10 day interval during slmuller; 15-3O day i,liclval Accnlnlllatic►ns ,,f feedresidues Inring winler). - -- Reduce — - - oloislure acculnulaticl,l wilbin ancf arnnnd imine(liale perilneler tar Iced stl)l' areas by insuring drainage away lionl silo and/or providing adequate conlainnncnt covered bin for brewer's grain :ulcl similar high nloislure grain products). n blspect liar and remove or bleak up accunnul:ued solids in tiller strips around feed slul:lt;e;lti needed. Ah,. � Nuvcruher l 1, 1996, Pagel Animal 1luldin Cause 6 Areas Accumulations ofaninlal wastes �MPs to Control Insects - alld feed wastage Eliminate low areas that trap moisture along Site Specific 1'rarlices fences and other locations where waste accumulates and disturbance by animals is minimal. n Maintain fence rows and filter strips around allimal holding areas to minimize accumulations of wastes G-e-, inspect for and J)ry Aianure (Jremove or break up accumulated solids as andGng • ACCIIInUJaIIOnS Ofarilillal tYJStey needed), S) stcnls f7 Remove spiDage on a routine basis e. -- day interval during slunmer; I5-30 Jay interval during winter) where Manure is loaded for laud applicatiml or disposal. C7 Provide tow ade[Ittate drainage around manure stockpiles. C7 Inspect for and remove or break up accumlllaled wastes in filter strips around stockpiles anti manure ha_ndlin Fur n)utc inlunn:tUurt contact Ile Cooperative Eurt Service, !)cparlmr+lt of Jsnlr b .Ir�,ts �s ne uled. It.i lcil,lt, tit'. 210J5- lt� i 3. xit nsi— -- -- ------ )molob)', liux 7bl3, North {'al-ulilta SGlte 1lnivctsiry,--- AMU,' - November 11. it)4ti. Page 2 R.2 - 2C., �_ EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN PHONE NUMBERS DWQ EMEP.GE:�C : M A- AGENIE1rIT SYSTEM f� SIXCD 9/0 59z — 796.3 N'RCS 9' S90 _ 263 This plan will be implemented in the event that wastes from your operation are Ieaking, overflowing, or running off site. You should not wait until wastes reach surface waters or leave your proper.y to consider that you have a problem. You should make every effort to ensure that this does not happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible location for all employees at the facili.y. The following are some action items you should take. I. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be possible. Suggested responses to some possible problems are listed below. A. Lagoon overflGw-,ossible solutions are: a. Add soil to berm to increase elevation of dam. b. Pump wastes to fields at an acceptable rate. c. Stcp al flows to the lagoon immediately. d. Call a pumping contractor. e. Make sure no surface water is entering lagoon. B: Runoff from waste application field -actions include: a. Immediately stop waste application. b. Create a temporary diversion to contain waste. c. Incorporate waste to reduce runoff. d. Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that caused the runoff. e. Evaluate the application rates for the fields where runoff occurred. C. Leak -age from .lie waste pipes and sprinklers -action include: a. Stop recvcle pump.. b. Stop irrigation pump. c. CIose valves to eliminate further discharge. d. Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps. D: Leakage from 21;sh s}tstems, houses, solid separators -action include: a. Stop recvcle purnp. b. Stop irrigation ournp. c. Make sure no siphon occurs. d. Stop all flows in the house. flush systems, or solid separators. December 18, 1996 e• Repair a;a lCaks t-nliorto restarting pumps. E: Leakay. y.., ease or sidewail of lagoon. Often this is seepage as opposed to flowi.,0 leak;- cssibie action,: a. Dig a s,..2:: sump or ditch away from the embankment to catch all seepage, pu: in a submersible purnp, and pump back to lagoon. b. If holes are caused by burrowing animals, trap or remove animals and fill Doles a,;,d compact with a clay type soil. c. Have a pro.'`essional evaluate the condition of the side walls and lagoon bottom, as soon as possible. 2. Assess the ext► lat of the spill and note any obvious damages. a. Did the waste Mac!" a11y surface waters? b. App,ox,ma-,eiv aw• IMuch was released and for what duration? C. Any darnaaw ,otec. such as employee injury, fish kills, or property damage? d. Did the spill leave the property? C. Does the sn.11 have th.e potential to reach surface waters? f. Coule. a fi.ure :z.:., event cause the spill to reach surface waters? g. Are potable water well; in danger.(either on or off of the property)? h. How much reac:4ed szzfacee waters? 3: Contact appaopnate agencies. a. During normal business hours, call your DWQ (Division of Water Quality) regional office. After hours, emergency number: 919-733-3942. Your phone call should include: your name, facility, telephone number, the details of the incident frorn item 2 above, the exact location of the facility, the location or direction of movement of the spill, weather and wind conditions. The corrective measures that have been under taken, and the seriousness of the situation. b. If spill leaves property or enters surface waters, call local EMS Phone number - c. instruct EMi5 to contact local Health Department. d. Contact CES, phone number ft7re , local SWCD office phone number . z''9as and local MRCS office for advice/techraical assistance phone number - -072.. �63 4: If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriffs Department and explain your :h problem to them and ass at person to contact the proper agencies for you. 5: Contact the contractor of ycur choice to begin repair of problem to minimize off -site damage. a. Contractors Name: b. Contractors Address: c. Contractors Phone: 2 December 1 S, 1996 b: Contact the technica; specialist who certified the lagoon GNRCS, Consulting Engineer. etc.`. a, Name: Cu.,-,,.. zerd,JcvK b. Phone. to - 381--1 oou 7: Implement procedures as advised by DWQ and technical assistance agencies to rectify the damage. rewair :he system. and re ssess the waste management plan to keep problems wilth re:ease of wastes from happening again. Mortality Management Methods Version —November 26, 2018 indicate which method(s) will be implemented. When selec;i,7g multiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option. Methods other than those listed must be approved by the State Veterinarian. Primary Seconds Routine Mortality feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge of animal death. The burial must be at least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water (G.S.105-403). The bottom of the burial pit should be at least one foot above the seasonal high ;','e:er table. Attach burial location map and plan. ;- Landfili at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC 138 i Rer-1-9 at a rendering plant licensed under G.S. 106-168.7. Corrolete incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102. ® A coMpostingc system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture & Con- sumer Services Veterinary Division (attach copy of permit). If compost is distributed off -farm, additional requirements must be met and a permit is required from NC DEQ. In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the NC Depar`ment of Agriculture & Consumer Services (G.S. 106-549.7 0). 0 Any met"od which, in the professional opinion of the State Veterinarian, would make possible the sa,•;,aye of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health. (Writte^ approvai by the State Veterinarian must be attached). 11 Mass Mortality Plan Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are also recommended for all animal operations. This plan outlines farm -specific mortality man- agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup- ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options; contact the Division for guidance. • A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated whe^ r•umbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State Veterinarian. • Burial must be done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary Division regulations and guidance. • Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions (refer to facility's animal waste management system permit). • I, the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency, the State Veterinarian may enact additional temporary procedures or measures for disposal Signature of Farm Owner/Manager Signature of Technical Specialist cor ing to G.S. 106.399.4. 3-/ -1 Date Date n Operator: County: Distance to nearest residence (other than owner): 1. AVERAGE LIVE WEIGHT (ALW) sows (farrow to finish) x sows (farrow to feeder) x ,,t,/ j head (finishing only) x sows (farrow to wean) x head (wean to feeder) x Describe other : Date: 06/24/03 feet 14171bs. - 0 Ibs 5221bs. - 0 Ibs 135lbs. = 348300 Ibs 433lbs. - 0 Ibs 30lbs. - 0 Ibs 0 Total Average Live Weight = 2. MINIMUM REQUIRED TREATMENT VOLUME OF LAGOON Volume = 348300 Ibs_ ALW x Treatment Volume(CF)/lb. ALW Treatment Volume(CF)/Ib. ALW = 1 CF/lb. ALW Volume = 348300 cubic feet 3. STORAGE VOLUME FOR SLUDGE ACCUMULATION Volume = cubic feet 4. TOTAL DESIGNED VOLUME 348300 Ibs Inside top length (feet)--------------------- 320.0 Inside top width (feet)---------------------- 225.0 Top of dike elevation (feet)----------------- 52.0 Bottom of lagoon elevation (feet)------------ 41.0 Freeboard (feet)----------------------------- 1.0 Side slopes (inside lagoon)------------------ 3.0 :1 Total design volume using prismoidal formula SS/END1 SS/END2 SS/SIDE1 SS/SIDE2 LENGTH WIDTH DEPTH 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 314.0 219.0 10.0 AREA OF TOP LENGTH * WIDTH = 314.0 219.0 AREA OF BOTTOM LENGTH * WIDTH = 254.0 159.0 AREA OF MIDSECTION LENGTH * WIDTH * 4 284.0 189.0 68766 (AREA OF TOP) 40386 (AREA OF BOTTOM) 214704 (AREA OF MIDSECTION * 4) a 5. TEMPORARY STORAGE REQUIRED DRAINAGE AREA: Lagoon (top cl dike) Length * Width = 320.0 225.0 72000.0 square feet Buildings (roof and lot water) 0.0 square feet Describe this area. TOTAL DA 72000.0 square feet Design temporary storage period to rind to b e 180 days. 5A. Volume of waste produced Feces & urine production in gal./day per 135 lb. ALW 1.37 Volume = 348300 lbs. ALW/135 lbs. ALW * 1.37 gal/day 180 days Volume = 636228 gals. or 85057.2 cubic feet 56. Volume of wash water This is the amount of fresh water used for washing floors or volume of fresh water used for a flush system. Flush systems that recirculate the lagoon water are accounted for in 5A. Volume = gallons/day * 180 days storage/7.48 gallons per CF Volume = 0.0 cubic feet 5C. Volume of rainfall in excess of evaporation Use period of time when rainfall exceeds evaporation by largest amount. 180 days excess rainfall - inches Volume = 7.0 in * DA / 12 inches per foot Volume = 42000.0 cubic feet 5D. Volume of 25 year - hour storm Volume = inches 112 inches per foot * DA Volume = 42000.0 cubic feet TOTAL REQUIRED TEMPORARY STORAGE 5A. 85057 cubic feet 5B. 0 cubic feet 5G. 42000 cubic feet 5D. 42000 cubic feet 169057 cubic feet 6. SUMMARY Temporary storage period====================> Rainfall in excess of evaporation===========> 25 year - 24 hour rainfall==================> Ereeboa rd===================================> Side slopes=================================> Inside top Inside top Top of dike elevation=======================> Bottom of lagoon elevation==================> Total required Actual design volume========================> Seasonal high watertable elevation (SHWT)===> Stop pumping Must be > or = to the SHWT eiev.==========> Must be > or = to min. req. treatment el.=> Required minimum treatment volume= =========> Volume at stop pumping elevation============> Start pumping Must be at bottom of freeboard & 25 yr. rainfall Actual volume less 25 yr.- 24 hr. rainfall==> Volume at start pumping elevation===========> Required volume to be pumped================> Actual volume planned to be pumped==========> Min. thickness of soil liner when required==> 7. DESIGNED BY: APPROVED BY - DATE: DATE: 180 days 7.0 inches 7.0 inches 1.0 feet 3.0 : 1 320.0 feet 225.0 feet 52.0 feet 41.0 feet 517357 cu. ft. 539760 cu. ft. 44.8 feet 48.1 feet 44.8 feet 47.0 feet 348300 cu. ft. 350508 cu. ft. 50.4 feet 497760 cu. ft. 497737 cu. ft. 127057 cu. ft. 147229 cu. ft. 1.6 feet * a Operator: County:-- Date:==== ______-- _ _ ________ ________- 06/24/03 Dist.to nearest residence (other than owner): ft. sows (farrow to finish):== - sows (farrow to feeder): eder):___ head (finishing only):===__ sows (farrow to wean):===== head (wean to feeder):====p Ave. Live Wight for other cperations(lbs.)=> Storage volume for sludge accum. (cu. ft.):=> Treatment Volume (min. 1 cu. ft./ib.)===____> 25 Year - 24 Hour Rainfall (in.)===__ =_____> Rainfall in excess of evaporation (in.)===__> Drainage area of buildings & lots (sq. fit.)=> Volume of wash water (gallons/day)====______> Temporary storage period (days)====-________> Freeboard ft..----------------------------> Side slopes (inside lagoon),=======_________> : 1 Inside top length Inside top width Top of dike elevation Bottom of lagoon elevation Seasonal high water table(Sl- V; T) elev.(ft.):=> Total required volume:====_ _--_—__ 517357 cu. ft. -- Actual design volume:====__ ___ 539760 cu. ft. Stop pumping el.(> or = to 44.8 ft.SHWT)> ft. (> or = to 47.0 ft.Min.) Required minimum treatment volume: 348300 cu. ft. Volume at stop pumping elevation: 350508 cu. ft. Start pumping elev.:===_____________________> ft. Volume at start pumping elevation: 497737 cu. ft. Actual volume less 25yr-24hr rain: 497760 cu. ft. MOTE: Verify that temp. storage is adequate: Req. volume to be pumped:====> 127057 cu. ft. Actual volume to be pumped:==> 147229 cu. ft. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN Proper Iagoon liquid management should be a year-round priority, It is especially important to manage levels so that you do not have problems during extended rainy and wet periods, Maximum storage capacity should be available in the lagoon for periods when the receiving crop is dormant (such as wintertime for bermudagrass) or when there are extended rainy spells such as the thunderstorm season in the summertime, This means that at the first signs of plant growth in the later winter/early spring, irrigation according to a farm waste mana#ement plan should be done whenever the land is dry enough to receive lagoon liquid. This will make storage space available in the lagoon for future wet periods. In the late summer/early fall the lagoon should be pumped down to the low marker (see Figure 2-1) to allow for winter storage. Every effort should be made to maintain the Iagoon close to the minimum liquid level as long as the weather and waste utilization plan will allow it. Waiting until the lagoon has reached its maximum storage capacity before starting to irrigate does not leave room for storing excess water during extended wet periods. Overflow from the lagoon for any reason except a 25-year, 24-hour storm is a violation of state law and subject to penalty action. The routine maintenance of a lagoon involves the following: Maintenance of a vegetative cover for the dam, Fescue or common bermudagrass are the most common vegetative covers. The vegetation should be fertilized each year, if needed, to maintain a vigorous stand. The amount of fertilizer applied should be based on a soils test, but in the event that it is not practical to obtain a soils test each year, the lagoon embankment and surrounding areas should be fertilized with 800 pounds per acre of 10-10-10, or equivalent. Brush and trees on the embankment must be controlled. This may be done by mowing, spraying, grazing, chopping, or a combination of these practices. This should be done at least once a year and possibly twice in years that weather conditions are favorable for heavy vegetative growth. NOTE: If vegetation is controlled by spraying, the herbicide must not be allowed to enter the lagoon water. Such chemicals could harm the bacteria in the Iagoon that are treating the waste. Maintenance inspections of the entire lagoon should be made during the initial filling of the lagoon and at least monthly and after major rainfall and storm events, Items to be checked should include, as a minimum, the following: Waste Inlet Pipes, Recycling Pipes, and Overflow Pipes ---look for 1. separation of joints 2. cracks or breaks 3. accumulation of salts or minerals 4, overall condition of pipes Lagoon surface ---look for: l . undesirable vegetative growth 2. floating or lodged debris Embankment ---look for: 1. settlement, cracking, or "jug" holes 2. side slope stability ---slumps or bulges 3. wet or damp areas on the back slope 4. erosion due to lack of vegetation or as a result of wave action 5. rodent damage Larger lagoons may be subject to liner damage due to wave action caused by strong winds. These waves can erode the lagoon sidewalls, thereby weakening the lagoon dam. A good stand of vegetation will reduce the potential damage caused by wave action, If wave action causes serious damage to a lagoon sidewall, baffles in the lagoon may be used to reduce the wave impacts, Any of these features could lead to erosion and weakening of the dam. If your lagoon has any of these features, you should call an appropriate expert familiar with design and construction of waste lagoons. You may need to provide a temporary fix if there is a threat of a waste discharge. However, a permanent solution should be reviewed by the technical expert. Any digging into a lagoon dam with heavy equipment is a serious undertaking with potentially serious consequences and should not be conducted unless recommended by an appropriate technical expert. Transfer Pumps ---check for proper operation of: 1. recycling pumps 2. irrigation pumps Check for leaks, loose fittings, and overall pump operation. An unusually loud or grinding noise, or a large amount of vibration, may indicate that the pump is in need or repair or replacement. NOTE; Pumping systems should be inspected and operated frequently enough so that you are not completely "surprised" by equipment failure. You should perform your pumping system maintenance at a time when your lagoon is at its low Ievel, This will allow some safety time should major repairs be required. Having a nearly full lagoon is not the time to think about switching, repairing , or borrowing pumps. Probably, if your lagoon is full, your neighbor's lagoon is full also. You should consider maintaining an inventory of spare parts or pumps. Surface water diversion features are designed to carry all surface drainage waters (such as rainfall runoff, roof drainage, gutter outlets, and parking lot runoff) away from your lagoon and other waste treatment or storage structures, The only water that should be coming from your lagoon is that which comes from your flushing (washing) system pipes and the rainfall that hits the lagoon directly. You should inspect your diversion system for the following: 1, adequate vegetation 2. diversion capacity 3. ridge berm height Identified problems should be corrected promptly. It is advisable to inspect your system during or immediately following a heavy rain. If technical assistance is needed to determine proper solutions, consult with appropriate experts. You should record the level of the lagoon just prior to when rain is predicted, and then record the level again 4 to 6 hours after the rain (assumes there is no pumping). This will give you an idea of how much your lagoon level will rise with a certain rainfall amount (you must also be recording your rainfall for this to work). Knowing this should help in planning irrigation applications and storage. If your lagoon rises excessively, you may have an inflow problem from a surface water diversion or there may be seepage into the lagoon from the surrounding land. Lagoon Operation Startup: 1. Immediately after construction establish a complete sod cover on bare soil surfaces to avoid erosion. 2. Fill new lagoon design treatment volume at least half full of water before waste loading begins, taking care not to erode lining or bank slopes. I Drainpipes into the lagoon should have a flexible pipe extender on the end of the pipe to discharge near the bottom of the lagoon during initial filling or another means of slowing the incoming water to avoid erosion of the lining. 4. When possible, begin loading new lagoons in the spring to maximize bacterial establishment (due to warmer weather). 5. It is recommended that a new lagoon be seeded with sludge from a healthy working swine lagoon in the amount of 0.25 percent of the full lagoon liquid volume. This seeding should occour at least two weeks prior to the addition of wastewater. 6. Maintain a periodic check on the lagoon liquid pH. If the pH falls below 7.0, add agricultural lime at the rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of lagoon liquid volume until the pH rises above 7.0. Optimum lagoon liquid pH is between 7.5 and 8.0. 7. A dark color, lack of bubbling, and excessive odor signals inadequate biological activity. Consultation with a technical specialist is recommended if these conditions occur for prolonged periods, especially during the warm season. Loading: The more frequently and regularly that wastewater is added to a lagoon, the better the lagoon will function. Flush systems that wash waste into the lagoon several times daily are optimum for treatment, Pit recharge systems, in which one or more buildings are drained and recharged each day, also work well, Practice water conservation --minimize building water usage and spillage from leaking waterers, broken pipes and washdown through proper maintenance and water conservation. Minimize feed wastage and spillage by keeping feeders adjusted. This will reduce the amount of solids entering the lagoon Management: Maintain lagoon liquid level between the permanent storage level and the full temporary storage level. Place visible markers or stakes on the lagoon bank to show the minimum liquid level and the maximum liquid lever (Figure 2-1). Start irrigating at the earliest possible date in the spring based on nutrient requirements and soil moisture so that temporary storage will be maximized for the summer thunderstorm season. Similarly, irrigate in the late summer/early fall to provide maximum lagoon storage for the winter. The lagoon liquid level should never be closer than 1 foot to the lowest point of the dam or embankment. Do not pump the lagoon liquid level lower that the permanent storage level unless you are removing sludge. Locate float pump intakes approximately 18 inches underneath the liquid surface and as far away from the drainpipe inlets as possible. Prevent additions of bedding materials, long-stemmed forage or vegetation, molded feed, plastic syringes, or other foreign materials into the lagoon. Frequently remove solids from catch basins at end of confinement houses or wherever they are installed. Maintain strict vegetation, rodent, and varmint control near lagoon edges. Do not allow trees or large bushes to grow on lagoon dam or embankment. Remove sludge from the lagoon either when the sludge storage capacity is full or before it fills 50 percent of the permanent storage volume. If animal production is to be terminated, the owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a closure plan to eliminate the possibility of a pollutant discharge. Sludge Removal: Rate of lagoon sludge buildup can be reduced by: proper lagoon sizing, mechanical solids separation of flushed waste, gravity settling of flushed waste solids in an appropriately designed basin, or minimizing feed wastage and spillage. Lagoon sludge that is removed annually rather than stored long term will: have more nutrients, have more odor, and require more land to properly use the nutrients. Removal techniques: Hire a custom applicator. Mix the sludge and lagoon liquid with a chopper -agitator impeller pump through large -bore sprinkler irrigation system onto nearby cropland; and soil incorporate. Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; mix remaining sludge; pump into liquid sludge applicator; haul and spread onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; dredge sludge from lagoon with dragline or sludge barge; berm an area beside lagoon to receive the sludge so that liquids can drain back into lagoon; allow sludge to dewater; haul and spread with manure spreader onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. Regardless of the method, you must have the sludge material analyzed for waste constituents just as you would your lagoon water. The sludge will contain different nutrient and metal values from the liquid. The application of the sludge to fields will be limited by these nutrients as well as any previous waste applications to that field and crop requirement. Waste application rates will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3. When removing sludge, you must also pay attention to the liner to prevent damage. Close attention by the pumper or drag -line operator will ensure that the lagoon liner remains intact. If you see soil material or the synthetic liner material being disturbed, you should stop the activity immediately and not resume until you are sure that the sludge can be removed without liner injury. If the liner is damaged it must be repaired as soon as possible. Sludge removed from the lagoon has a much higher phosphorus and heavy metal content than liquid. Because of this it should probably be applied to land with low phosphorus and metal levels, as indicated by a soil test, and incorporated to reduce the chance of erosion. Note that if the sludge is applied to fields with very high soil -test phosphores, it should be applied only at rates equal to the crop removal of phosphorus. As with other wastes, always have your lagoon sludge analyzed for its nutrient value. The application of sludge will increase the amount of odor at the waste application site. Extra precaution should be used to observe the wind direction and other conditions which could increase the concern of neighbors. Possible Causes of Lagoon Failure Lagoon failures result in the unplanned discharge of wastewater from the structure. Types of failures include leakage through the bottom or sides, overtopping, and breach of the dam. Assuming proper design and construction, the owner has the responsibility for ensuring structure safety. Items which may lead to lagoon failures include: Modification of the lagoon structure ---an example is the placement of a pipe in the dam without proper design and construction. (Consult an expert in lagoon design before placing any pipes in dams.) Lagoon liquid levels ---high levels are a safety risk. Failure to inspect and maintain the dam. Excess surface water flowing into the lagoon. Liner integrity ---protect from inlet pipe scouring, damage during sludge removal, or rupture from lowering lagoon liquid level below groundwater table. NOTE: If lagoon water is allowed to overtop the dam, the moving water will soon cause gullies to form in the dam. Once this damage starts, it can quickly cause a large discharge of wastewater and possible dam failure.