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HomeMy WebLinkAbout820035_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410State of North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality Division of Water Resources Animal Waste Management Systems Request for Certification of Coverage Facility Currently covered by an Expiring Sate Non -Discharge General Permit On September 30, 2019, the North Carolina State Non -Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will expire. As required by these permits, facilities that have been issued Certificates of Coverage to operate under these State Non -Discharge General Permits must apply for renewal at least 180 days prior to their expiration date. Therefore, all applications must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3, 2019. Please do not leave any question unanswered Please verift all information and make any necessary corrections below. Application must be signed and dated by the Permittee. I . Farm Number: 82-0035 Certificate Of Coverage Number: 2. Facility Name: Carr B2y Farms, Inc 5-8 3. Landowner's Name (same as on the Waste Management Plan): Carr Boy Farms Inc 4. Landowner's Mailing Address: 201 Tomahawk TO City: Clinton State: NC Telephone Number: 910-391-2488 Ext. E-mail: rcarrI163.nap-mail.corn 5. Facility's Physical Address: 1992 McDaniels Rd City: Clinton State: 6. County where Facility is located: Sampson 7. Farm Manager's Name (if different from Landowner): 8. Farm Manager's telephone number (include area code): 9. Integrator's Name (if there is not an Integrator, write "None"): 10. Operator Name (OIC): Lgo S. Arnmomi 11. Lessee's Name (if there is not a Lessee, write "None"): 12. Indicate animal operation type and number: Current Permit: Operations Type Swine - Wean to Feeder Opvrmian TVVcs: Swine Wean to Finish Wean to Feeder Farrow to Finish Feeder to Finish Farrow to Wean Farrow to Feeder Boar/Stud Gilts Other Cattle Dairy Calf Dairy Heifer Milk Cow Dry Cow Beef Stocker Calf Beef Feeder Beef Broad Cow Other NC Larry S Ammons 910-564-6765 Ext. PrestaU Farms Ing Phone No.: 910-364-6Z§5 Allowable Count 6,080 AWS820035 Zip: 28328 Zip: 28328 OIC #: 18342 Dry Poultry Other Typej Non Laying Chickens Horses - Horses Laying Chickens Horses - Other Pullets Sheep- Sheep Turkeys Sheep - Other Turkey Pullet Wet Poultry, Non Laying Pullet Layers 13. Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary corrections and provide missing data.) Structure Name Estimated Date Built Liner Type (Clay, Synthetic, Unknown) Capacity (Cubic Feet) Estimated Surface Area (Square Feet) Design Freeboard "Redline" (Inches) I 12323q 19.00 Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application as required by NC General Statutes 143-215.10C(d) to the address below. The CAWMP must include the following components: .1�"bc most recent Waste Util ization Plan (WLJP), si(_-ned b v i he own er and a certified technical sVec ialist, containing: The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields (e.g. irrigation, injection, etc.) A map of every field used for land application (for example: irrigation map) &oil series present on every land application field ie crops grown on "cry land application field ZV The Rcallstir, Yield Expectation (RYE) for every crop shown in the Wup The maximum PAN to be applied to every land application field The waste application windows for every crop utilized in the WUP The required NRCS Standard specifications 2. A site map/schematic 3. Emergency Action Plan 4. Insect Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted 5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted &"'�A,rtality Control Checklist with selected method noted - Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist 7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and complete. Also provide any site evaluations, wetland determinations, or hazard classifications that may be applicable to your facility. 8. Operation and Maintenance Plan If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal. (e.g. composting, digesters, waste transfers, etc.) As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the application and all the CAWMP items above to: 2019PermitRenewaignedenr.gov I attest that this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that, if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not included, this application package will be returned to me as incomplete. Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.613, any person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application may be subject to civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (18 U.S.C. Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both for a similar offense.) Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a corporation, signature should be by a principal executive officer of the corporation): Name: cyn Title: Signature: Date: Name: Title: Signature: Date: Name: Signature: Title: Date: THE COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: NCDEQ-DWR Animal Feeding Operations Program 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636 Telephone number: (919) 707-9100 E-mail: 2019PermitRenewal@ncdenr.gov FORM: RENEWAL -STATE GENERAL 02/2019 ROY COOPER Governor MICHAEL S. REGAN Secfwary LINDA CULPEPPER WeVor NORTH CAROLINA Environmental Quality February 27, 2019 Carr Boy Farms Inc Carr Boy Farms, Inc 5-8 201 Tomahawk Trl Clinton, NC 28328 Subject: Application for Renewal of Coverage for Expiring State General Permit Dear Permittee: Your facility is currently approved for operation under one of the Animal Waste Operation State Non -Discharge General Permits, which expire on September 30, 2019. Copies of the new animal waste operation State Non -Discharge General Permits are available at https.-//dcq,nc,-eovlabout/divisions/water-resources/water-gtiality-rep-ional-opprations/afo or by writing or calling: NCDEQ-DWR Animal Feeding Operations Program 1636 Mail Service Center Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636 Telephone number: (919) 707-9100 In order to assure Mur continued coverage under the State Non-Discharize General Pennits, you must submit an application for permit coverage to the Division. Enclosed you will find a "Reggest for Certificate of Coverage Facili�y Currently Covered by an Expiring State Non-Dischgge General Permit." The application form must be completed- signed and returned by Arwil 3, 2019. Please note that vou must include one (1) copy of the Cerfified Aninial Waste Manar-ement Plan (CAWNW) with the completed and Agned appfication form. A list of itcms included in the CAWMP can be found on page 2 of the renewal application form. Failure to request renewal of your coverage under a general permit within the time period specified may result in a civil penalty. Operation of your facility without coverage under a valid general permit would constitute a violation of NCGS 143-215.1 and could result in assessments of civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day. If you have any questions about the State Non -Discharge General Pen -nits, the enclosed application, or any related matter please feel free to contact the Animal Feeding Operations Branch staff at 919-707-9 100. Sincerely, A ��� Jon Risgaard, Section Chief Animal Feeding Operations and Groundwater Section Enclosures cc (w/o enclosures).- Fayettevillo Regional Office, Water Quality Regional Operations Section Sampson County Soil and Water Conservation District AFOG Section Central Files - AWS820035 Prestae Fanns Ing Nolh CAro,ina DePs rime at,yf Eft vxw mentw Q uaOiy I 0,VS.0n0fWadWR*50a(ms 51.2 N. So �.buiv St 1 .163 6 M &' Seivc* Cv"tai I R a *,0 , Nortlo CwNmn 276ge-193 6 919.707 49,000 Waste Utilization Plan 4-1 Producer: Carr Boy Farms, Inc. County: Sampson Name of Farm: Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Location: 201 Tomahawk Trail Clinton NC 28328 Phone: 910-391-2488 Type of Operation: Wean -Feed Number of Animal: 6080 Storage Structure: Anaerobic Lagoon Method of Application: Irrigation Amount of waste produced per year: 2567 ton/year Amount of plant available N (PAN) produced/year: 2918 lbs./year The waste from your animal facility must be land applied at a specified rate to prevent pollution of surface water and/or groundwater. The plant nutrients in the animal waste should be used to reduce the amount of commercial fertilizer required for the crops in the fields where the waste is to be applied. This waste utilization plan uses nitrogen as the limiting nutrient. Waste should be analyzed before each application cycle. Annual soil tests are strongly encouraged so that all plant nutrients can be balanced for realistic yields of the crop to be grown. Several factors are important in the implementing your waste utilization plan in order to maximize the fertilizer value of the waste and to ensure that it is applied in an environmentally safe manner. 1. Always apply waste based on the needs of the crop to be grown and the nutrient content of the waste. Do not apply more nitrogen than the crop can utilize. 2. Soil types are important as they have different infiltration rates, leaching potentials, cation exchange capacities, and available water holding capacities. 3. Normally waste shall not be applied to land eroding at more than 5 tons per acre per year. Waste may be applied to land eroding at 5 or more tons per acre annually, but less than 10 tons per acre per year providing that adequate filter strips are established. ep Y1_ 4. Do not apply waste on saturated soils , when it is raining, or when the surface is frozen. Either of these conditions may in runoff to the surface waters which is not allowed under DWQ regulations. 5. Wind conditions should also be considered to avoid drift and downwind odor problems. 6. To maximize the value of the nutrients for crops production and to reduce the potential for pollution, the waste should be applied to a growing crop or applied not more than 30 days prior to planting a crop or forages breaking dormancy. Injecting the waste or disking will conserve nutrients and reduce odor problems. This plan is based on the waste application method shown above. if you choose to change methods in the future, you need to revise this plan. Nutrient levels for different applications methods are not the same. The estimated acres needed to apply the animal waste is based on typical nutrient content for this type of facility. Acreage requirements should be based on the waste analysis report from your waste management facility. In some cases you may want to have plant analysis made, which 1;1412' Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 2 could allow additional waste to be applied. Provisions shall be made for the area receiving waste to be flexible so as to accommodate changing waste analysis content and the crop type. Lime must be applied to maintain pH in the optimum range for specific crop production. This waste utilization plan, if carried out, meets the requirements for compliance with 15A NCAC 2H .0217 adopted by the Environmental Management Commission. YOUR WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING: Tract No. Field No. Soil Type Crop Code Yield/Ac Lbs. N unit Acres Lbs N Used Month to Apply Lbs. N Per Ac. 2776 1A WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.00 205 MAR-SEP 205 2776 113 WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 2.23 457 MAR-SEP 205 2776 2A WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.11 228 MAR-SEP 205 2776 2B WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.54 316 MAR-SEP 205 2776 3A WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.56 320 MAR-SEP 205 2776 3B WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 0.97 199 MAR-SEP 205 2776 4 WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.77 363 MAR-SEP 205 2776 5 WaB CB -Graze 4.1 50 1.4C 295 MAR-SEP 205 2776 ALL WaB OS -Graze 1 50 11.621 581 OCT-MAR 1 50 Total 11.62 2964 lbs. Available Nitrogen 2918 lbs. Surplus or deficit -46 lbs. P1117 Applyingthe above amount of waste is a bigjob. You should plan time and have appropriate equipmentto apply the waste in a timely manner. Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 3 The applicator is cautioned that P and K may be over applied while meeting the N requirements. In the future regulations may require farmers in some parts of North Carolina to have a nutrient management plan that addresses all nutrients. This plan only addresses nitrogen. In interplanted fields (i.e. small grain, etc. interseeded in bermuclagrass), forage must be removed through grazing, hay and /or silage. Where grazing, plants should be grazed when they reach a height of six to nine inches. Cattle should be removed when plants are grazed to a height of four inches. In fields where small grain etc. is to be removed for hay or silage, care should be exercised not to let small grain to reach materity, especially late in the season ( i.e. April or May) Shading may result if small grain gets too high and this will definitely interfere with the stand of bermuclagrass. This loss of stand will result in reduced yields and less nitrogen being utilized. Rather than cutting small grain for hay or silage just before heading as is the normal situation, you are encouraged to cut the small grain earlier. You may want to consider harvesting hay or silage two to three times during the season, depending on the time small grain is planted in the fall. The ideal time to interplant small grain, etc. is late September or early October . Drilling is recommended over broadcasting. Bermuclagrass should be grazed or mowed to a height of about two inches before drilling for best results. Caution must be exercised in grazing or haying summer annuals under stressed conditions. Nitrate poisoning may occur in livestock. Sampling forage or hay for nitrate levels is recommended. Acres shown in the tables are considered to be the usable acres excluding required buffers, filters strips along ditches, odd areas unable to be irrigated, and perimeter areas not receiving full application rates due to equipment limitations. Actual total acres in the field listed may, and most likely will be, more than the acres shown in the tables. See attached map showing the fields to be used for the utilization of animal waste. SLUDGE APPLICATION: The waste utilization plan must contain provisions for periodic land application of sludge at agronomic rates. The sludge will be nutrient rich and will require precautionary measures to prevent over application of nutrients or other elements. Your production facility will produce approximately 438 lbs. of plant available nitrogen per year in the sludge. If you remove sludge every 5 years you will have approximately 2189 lbs. of PAN to utilize. Assuming you apply this PAN to hybrid bermuclagrass hayland at the rate of 300 lbs/acre you will need 7 acres of land. If you apply the sludge to corn at the rate of 125 lbs. of nitrogen per acre you will need 18 acres of land. Please be aware that these are only estmates of the PAN and the land needed. Actual requirements could vary by 25% depending on the sludge waste analysis, soil types, realistic yields, and application methods. APPLICATION OF WASTE BY IRRIGATION The irrigation application rate should not exceed the intake rate of the soil at the time of irrigation such that runoff or ponding occurs. This rate is limited by initial soil moisture content, soil structure, soil texture, water droplet size, and organic solids. The application amount should not exceed the available water holding capacity Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 4 of the soil at the time of irrigation nor should the plant available nitrogen applied exceed the nitrogen needs of the crop. If surface irrigation is the method of land application for this plan, it is the responsibility of the producer and irrigation designer to ensure that an irrigation system is installed to properly irrrigate the acres shown in tables. Failure to apply the recommended rates and amounts of nitrogen shown in the tables may make this plan invalid. The following table is provided as a guide for establishing application rates and amounts. Tract No- Field No. Soil Type Crop Code Applic. Rate(in/hr) App lic. Amount 2776 1A WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 113 WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 2A WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 213 WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 3A WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 3B WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 4 WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 5 WaB CB -Graze 0.5 1.0 2776 ALL WaB OS -Graze 0.5 1.0 Pljjjj"�- Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 5 This is the maximum application amount allowed for the soil assuming the amount of nitrogen allowed for the crop is not over applied. in many situations the application amount shown cannot be applied because of the nitrogen limitations. The maximum application amount shown can be applied under optimum soil conditions. Your facility is designed for 180 days of temporary storage and the temporary storage must be removed on the average of once every 6 months. In no instances should the volume of the waste be stored in your structure be within the 25 year 24 hour storm storage or one foot of freeboard except in the event of the 25 year 24 hour storm. It is the responsibility of the producer and the waste applicator to ensure that the spreader equipment is operated properly to apply the correct rates shown in the tables. Failure to apply the recommended rates and amounts of nitrogen shown in the tables may make this plan invalid. Call your technical specialist after you have receive the waste analysis report for assistance in determining the amount of waste per acre and the proper application rate prior to appling the waste. NARRATIVE OF OPERATION ,�� (q � ')�- Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 6 WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN REQUIRED SPECIFICATIONS 1. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift, manmade conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during operation or land application. Any discharge of waste which reaches surface water is prohibited. 1 There must be documentation in the design folder that the producer either owns or has an agreement for use of adequate land on which to properly apply waste. if the producer does not own adequate land to properly dispose of waste , he/she shall provide a copy of an agreement with a landowner who is within a reasonable proximity, allowing him/her the use of the land for waste application. It is the responsibility of the owner of the facility to secure an update of the Waste Utilization Plan when there is a change in the operation, increase in the number of animals, method of utilization, or available land. 3. Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the nitrogen needs for realistic crop yields based on soil type, available moisture, historical data, climatic conditions, and level of management, unless there are regulations that restrict the rate of application for other nutrients. 4. Animal waste shall be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre per year. Waste may be applied to land that is eroding at 5 or more tons, but less than 10 tons per acre per year providing grass filter strips are installed where runoff leaves the field. (See FOTG standard 393 - Filter Strip). I, � I �, 5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or disking after waste application. Waste should not be applied when there is danger of drift from the irrigation field. 6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, it will be soil incorporated on conventionally tilled cropland. When applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the waste may be broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone to flooding. (See "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" for guidance.) 7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration rate that runoff does not occur offsite or to the surface waters and in a method which does not cause drift from the site during application. No poncling should occur in order to control odor or flies. 8. Animal waste shall not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall events, or when the surface is frozen. 9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a manner that the crop is not covered with waste to a depth that would inhibit growth. The potential for salt damage from animal waste should also be considered. 10. Waste nutrients shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring planted crops on soils with a high potentual for leaching. Waste nutrient loading rates on these soils should be held to a minimum and a suitable winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of the crop or forages breaking dormancy. Any new swine facility sited on or after October 1, 1995 shall comply with the following: The outer perimeter of the land area onto which waste is applied from a lagoon that is a component of a swine farm shall be at least 50 feet from any residenrial property boundary and from any perennial stream or river (other than an irrigation ditch or canal. Animal waste other than swine waste from facilities sited on or after October 1, 1995), shall not be applied closer than 25 feet to perennial waters. (See Standard 393 - Filter Strips). Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Page 7 REQUIRED SPECIFICATIONS (continued) 12. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells, 13. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other than those owned by he landowner. 14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and public right-of-ways. 15. Animal waste shall not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways, or wetlands by discharge or by over -spraying. Animal waste may be applied to prior converted wetlands provided they have been approved as a land application site by a "technical specialist". Animal waste shall not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly into water courses, and on other grassed waterways, waste shall be applied at agronomic rates in a manner that causes no runoff or drift from the site. 16. Domestic and industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets, sinks, etc., shall not be discharged into the animal waste management system. 17. A protective cover of appropriate vegtation will be established on all disturbed areas (lagoon embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). Areas shall be fenced as necessary to protect the vegetation. Vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and other woody species, etc., are limited to areas where considered appropriate. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and accessible. Berms and structures should be inspected regularly for evidences of erosion, leakage or discharge. 18. If animal production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a "closure plan" which will eliminate the possibility of an illigal discharge, pollution and erosion. 19, Waste handling structures, piping pumps, reels, etc., should be inspected on a regular basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks and spills. A regular maintenance checklist should be kept on site. 20. Animal waste can be used in a rotation that includes vegetation and other crops for direct human consumption. However, if animal waste is used on crops for direct human consumption it should only be applied pre -plant with no further applications of animal waste during the crop season. 21. Highly visible markers shall be installed to mark the top and the bottom elevations of the temporary storage (pumping volume) of all waste treatment lagoons. Pumping shall be managed to maintain the liquid level between the markers. A marker will be required to mark the maximum storage volume for waste storage ponds. 22. Waste shall be tested within 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested at least annually at crop sites where waste products are applied. Nitrogen shall be the rate -determining element. Zinc and copper levels in the soil shall be monitored and alternative crop sites shall be used when these metal approach excessive levels. pH shall be adjusted for optimum crop production and maintained. Soil and waste analysis records shall be kept for five (5) years. Poultry dry waste application records shall be maintained for three (3) years. Waste application records for all other waste shall be maintained for five (5) years. 23. Dead animals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina regulations. I ;,III � I J- Page 8 WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN AGREEMENT Name of Farm: Carr Boy Farms 5-8 Owner/Manager Agreement Carr Boy Farms 5-8 I (we) understand and will follow and implement the specifications and the operation and maintenance proce- dures established in the approved animal waste utilization plan for the farm named above. I (we) know that any expansion to the existing design capacity of the waste treatment and storage system or construction of new facilities will require a new certification to be submitted to the North Carolina Division of Water Quality before the new animals are stocked. I (we) also understand that there must be no discharge of animal waste from this system to the surface waters of the state from a storm event less severe than the 25-year, 24 hour storm.The approved plan will be filed on -site at the farm office and at the office of the local Soil and Water Conservation District and will be available for review by NCDWQ upon request. Name of Facility Owner: Carr Boy Farms, Inc. signature: Date: Name of Manager (if different from owner) Signature: Date-, Name of Person Preparing Plan: G. Glenn Clifton Affiliation: Prestage Farms, Inc. Phone: 910-596-5749 Address: P.O. Box 438 Clinton, NC 28329 Signature: kaux._ py Date: /2411 In,- Spray Field(s) Sampson County IN 14 A 1 inch = 200 feet AM I -I-IiZ Ka mv lei \I 00" -MUM NoA ti*tl 16 .a Wa aE 4 *7D, "it 018 Nos NOR was EiOA Nos :7� 'In + ALs -f GOA 77 A Wo GOA was UM waa 4 wa S! NOA R, W-M Boa N.P ILI -*wB WaB BOB $L I cv, LW 7 p M A o OF GIC Rae. US UG Im WO was wa wa m2c 2 BOB 4-c� R C Aa 5 lye -iios LeA Was.. - ;7 WaB Waa- 5000 C 2 00C 2000 1000 0 ()Q 3 0 0 % ��'RO. i SAMPSON COUNTY EMERGENCY -ACTION PLAN DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY (DWQ) 910-486-1541 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SERVICES (EMS) 910-592-8996 SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT (SWCD) 910-592-7963 NOTURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE (NRCS) 910-592-7�?63 COOPERATIk)E EXTENSION SERVICE (CES) 910-592-7161 This plan will be implemented in the event that wastes from your operation are leaking, overflowing, or running off the site. You should NOT wait until wastes reach surface waters or leave your property to consider that you have a problem. You should make every effort to ensure that this does not happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible location for all employees at the facility. The following are some action items you should take. 1. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be possible. Suggested responses to problems are listed below: A. Lagoon overflow -possible solutions are: a. Add soil to berm to increase elevation of dam, any permanent alteration of the dam should be approved by a qualified technical specialist. b. Pump wastes to field at an acceptable rate. c. Stop all additional flow to the lagoon -hold waste in the hOUSE if possible. d. Call a pumping contractor. e. Make sure no surface water is entering lagoon. B. Runoff from waste application field -action include: a. Immediately stop waste application. b. Create a. temporary diversion or berm to contain the Waste. c. Incorporate waste to reduce further runoff. d. Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that caused the runof f . e. Evaluate the application rates -for the fields where rurof f occurred . C. Leakage from the waste pipes and sprinkl;-7-rs-action include: a. Stop recycle (flushing system) pump. b. Stop irrigatiOr-1 PUMP. c. Close valves to eliminate further disr_­,arqe� Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps. 0. Leakage from flush system, houses, soli-irds selparators-a'ctions include: a. Stop recycle (flushing system) pump. b. Stop irrigation pump. c. Make sure no siphon effect has been created. d. Stop all flows in the house, flush systems, or solid separators. e. Repair all- leaks prior to restarting pumps. Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations Source Cause BMPs to Control Insects Site Specific Practices Liquid Systems Flush Gutters Accumulation of solids W Flush system is designed and operated sufficiently to remove accumulated solids from gutters as designed. a, Remove bridging of accumulated solids at / discharge Lagoons and Pits * Crusted Solids (I Maintain lagoons, settling basins and pits where pest breeding is apparent to minimize the crusting of solids to a depth of no more than 6 - 8 inches over more than 30% of surface. Excessive Vegetative 0 Decaying vegetation 14 Maintain vegetative control along banks of Growth lagoons and other impoundments to prevent accumulation of decaying vegetative matter along water's edge on impoundmient's perimeter. Fccders lems 13 Design, operate and maintain feed systems (e.g., bunkers and troughs) to minimize the accumulation of decaying wastage. 0 Cleanup spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10 day interval during summer; 15-30 day interval during winter). Feed Storage Accumulations of feed residues 0 Reduce moisture accumulation witfiin and around immediate perimeter of feed storage areas by insuring drainage away from site and/or providing adequate containment (e.g., covered bin for brewees grain and similar high moisture grain products). 0 Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated solids in filter strips around feed storage as needed. AMIC -November 11, 1996, Page I SWIne Farm Waste. Management Odbr Control CheCklist Source Cause %BAlPs to Minimize Odor Site Speciflc Practices Farmstead Swine production or Vegetative -or wooded buffcrs; 0"'Recommended best management practices; 0"bood judgment and common sense suriaces 9 Dirty manure -covered animals 9' br� floors cc$ 0 Wet manure -covered floors manure collection 2"' Slotted floors; - Cr"O�Walerers located over slotted -floors; 0 Feeders at high end of solid floors; 0 �� manure buildup from floorr, eq�gcrfloor ventilation for drying 7 u rine; R' Frequent in anure- removal by flush, pit rccharge, 0 Partlaimicrobial decomposition or scrape; 0 Underfloorve lilmlon n Ventilation exhauit fELns Volatiie gases; Ef F n maintenance; Dust ;I-EI-If Icient air movement oor surfaces 0 Dust W-Wo-slidown between -groups of animals; C3 feed additives; 13 jAdder covers; 3' Feed delivery downspout extenders to feeder Flush tanks Agitation of recycled lagoon 0 covers Flush lank covers, liquid while tanks are filling (3 Eitend rill lines to near bottom of tanks with anti-sini on vents Flush alleys- Agitation during wastewater. 11 Undcrfloor flush with underfloor ventilation conveyance Pit recharge points Agitation of recycled lagoon 13 Extend "re6hargellnes to near bottom of pits liquid while pits are filling with arill'siplion venis Lift stations Agila I ion during, sump lank il Sui.np lank covers filling and drhwdown Outside drain collection Agitation during wastewater C3 Box covers ot.ju, hction boxes conveyance Ak6C - Novimbei 11, 19'96, Pagd3 Source Cause BMPs to Minimize Oddr End of drainpipes at Agitation during wastewater Site Specific Practices r 1.3 Extend discharge pointOf pipes underneath Jagoon conveyance �agoon liquid level Lagoon surfaces Volatile gas emissions; O'—proper lagoon liquid capacity; Biological mixing; 00�correct lagoon startup procedures; Agitation :�5vvinlmum suifaco area-to-vo'lume ratio; Minimum agitation when.pUmping; C3 Mechanical aeration; 0 , Proven biological additives Irrigation sprinkler a High pressure agitation; 0"' 1 "gate on dry days 'with little or no wind; nonjes 0 Wind di-ift ;I)w Mum recommended operating pressure; :1P`um p Intake near* lagoon liquid surface;' 0 Pump from second -stage lagoon Orage tar* or basin 0 Partlal microbial decomposition; 0 Bottom or midlevel loading; Sur I face 0 Mixing while fil - ling; Q Tank covers; 0 Agitation when emptying B . asin, surface mats orsolids; El Proven biological additives or oxidants Settling basWsurface 0 Partial microbial decomposition; 11 Extend drainpipe outlets underneath liquid 0 Mixing while filling; level; 0 Agitation when emptying C3 Remove settled solids regularly Manure, slurry or sludge - Agitation when spreading; 13 Soil injection of slurry/sludges-, spreader outlets 0 Volatile gas emissions 11 Wash residual manure from sp . rea4er afkcr use; CI Proven biological additives or oxidants Uncovered manure, Volatile gas emissions while CI Soil injection of slurry/sludgps slurry or sludge on field sui�fices drying 11 Soil Ificorporailo'n within 48 hrs.; 0 Spreadin thin uniform layers for rapid drying; 0 Proven biological additives or oxidants'. Dead animals 0 Carcass decomposition J2'-Proper disoosition of cardasses Dead animuldisposal a pits Carcass decomposition 0 Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits; '[� <rOper location/cohstruct ion or.disposal. . pits Incinerators 0 Incomplete combustion 11 Secondary stock burners AM10i lovember 11, 1996, Page 4 Source Cause BMPs to Minimize. Odor Site Specific Practices Slariding water around a Improper drainage; i?r- Grade and landscape such that water drains 0 Microbial decomposition of away from facilities organic matter ' Z Manuro tracked onto 0 Poorly maintained access roads 0' Farm access road maintenance public roads from farm access Additional Information : Available From : Swine -Manure Management ; 0200 Rule/BMP Packet NCSU, County Extension Center Swine . P�roduction Farm Potential Odor Sources and Remedies ; EBAE Fact Sheet NCSU-BAE Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Pit Recharge - LagoonTre iatment ; EBAE 128-88 NCSU-BAE Swine Production Facility Manure Management: Underfloor Flush - Lago . on Treatment; EBAE 129-88 NCSU-BAE Lagoon Design and Management for Livestock Manure Treatment and Storage; EBAE 103-83 NCSU-BAE Calibration of Manure and Wastewater Appl ication Equipment ; EBAE Fact Sheet NCSU-BAE Controlling Odors from Swine Buildings; PIH-33 NCSU - Swine Extension Environmental Assurance Program ; NOPC Manual NC Pork Producers Assoc Options for Managing Odor ; a report from.the Swine Odor Task Force NCSU Agri Communications Nuitance Concerns in Animal Manure Management: Odors and Flies ; PRO] 07, 1995 Conference Proceedings Florida Cooperative Extcrision AMO� - November 11, 1996, Page 5 Version —November 26, 2018 Mortality Management Methods Indicate which method(s) will be implemented. When selecting multiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option. Methods other than those listed must be approved by the State Veterinarian. Primary Secondary Routine Mortality Burial three feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge of animal 71 F-I death. The burial must be at least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water (G.S.106-403). The bottom of the burial pit should beat least one foot above the seasonal high water table. Attach burial location map and plan. Landfill at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC 13B G200. F] F-1 Rendering at a rendering plant licensed under G.S. 106-168.7. Complete incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102. A composting system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture & Con- sumer Services Veterinary Division (attach copy of permit). If compost is distributed off -farm, additional requirements must be met and a permit is required from NC DEQ� In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (G.S. 106-549.70). Any method which, in the professional opinion of the State Veterinarian, would make possible the salvage of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health. (Written approval by the State Veterinarian must be attached). Mass Mortality Plan Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are also recommended for all animal operations. This plan outlines farm -specific mortality man- agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup- ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options; contact the Division for guidance, A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated when numbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State Veterinarian. Burial must be done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary Division regulations and guidance. Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions (refer to facility's animal waste management system permit). 0 In the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency, the State Veterinarian may enact kadditional temporary procedures or measures for disposal according to G.S. 106-399.4. "u "-"2S Signaturuof 4Farm owner/Manager Date Signature of Technical Specialist Date .Ve''ytorxCARR FARM County: SAMPSON Date: 11/16/93 ^ .�Istance to nearest residence (other than owner): ' 1200.0 fee{ ° ' ''.` STEADY STATE LIVE WEIGHT 0 sows (farrow to finish) x 1417 lbs. = 0 14s 0 sows (farrow to feeder) x 522 lbs. = 0 lbs 0 head (finishing only) x 135 lbs. = 0 lbs 0 sows (farrow to wear) X 433 ]bs. = 0 lhs 6=0 head (wean to feeder) x 30 lbs. = 122400 TOTAL STEADY STATE LIK WEIGHT (S3LW) 182400 !K-- �. MINIMU� REQUIRED TREATMENT VOLUME OF LABOON Volume = 182400 lbs. SSLW x Treatment Volume(CF)/lb. SSLW Treatment Volume(CF)/Ib. SSLW= 1 CF/lb. SSLW Volume = 1B2400 cubic feet 3. STORAGE VOLUME FOR SLUDGE ACCUMULATION Volume = 0.0 cubic feet SLUDGE ACCUMULATION NOT COMPUTED AT OWNERS REQUEST. REMOVE SLUDGE 4. TOTAL DESIGN VOLUME AS NEEDED. Inside top length 260.0 feet ; ` Inside top width 150.0 feet Top of dike at elevation 52.0 feet Freeboard 1.0 feet ; Side slopes 3.0 : 1 (Inside lagoon) Total design lagoon liquid level at elevation 51.0 feet Bottom of lagoon elevation 40.0 feet Seasonal high water table elevation 46.2 feet u Total design volume using prismoidal formula SS/END1 SS/END2 SS/SIDE1 SS/SIDE2 LENGTH WIDTH DEPTH 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 254.0 144.0 11.00 AREA OF TOP LENGTH * WIDTH = 254.0 144.0 AREA OF BOTTOM LENGTH * WIDTH = 188.0 78.0 36576 (AREA OF TOP) 14664 (AREA OF BOTTOM) AREA OF MIDSECTION LENGTH * WIDTH * 4 221.0 111.0 98124 (AREA OF MIDSECTION * 4) C!/. FT. [AREA TOP + (4*AREA MIDSECTION) + AREA BOTTOM] * DEPTH/6 36576.0 98124.0 14664.0 1.3 VOLUME OF LAGOON AT TOTAL DESIGN LIQUID LEVEL = 273834 CU. FT. >. TEMPORARY STORAGE REQUIRED DRAINAGE AREA: Lagoon (top of dike) Length * Width = 260.0 150.0 39000.0 square feet Buildings (roof and lot water) Length * Width = 0.0 0.0 0.0 square feet TOTAL DA 39000.0 square feet Design temporary storage period to be 180 days. 5A. Volume of waste produced Approximate daily production of hanure in CF/LB SSLW 0.00136 Volume = 162400 Lbs. SSLW * CF of Waste/Lb./Day * 180 days Volume = 44652 cubic feet jB. Volume of wash water , � This is the amount of fresh water used for washing floors or volume of fresh water used for a flush system. Olush systems that recirculate the lagoon water are accounLed for in 5A. Volume = 0.0 gallons/day * 180 days storage/7.48 gallons per CF Volume = 0.0 cubic feet Volume of rainfall in excess of evaporation Use >eriod of time when rainfall exceeds evaporation by largest amount. 180 days excess rainfall = 7.0 inches Volume = 7,0 in * DA / 12 inches per foot Volume 22750.0 cubic feet 4 o u fyi e '4 i--_-;trJrm 2 Vol 1.1 M E, n c!--i e s: 1. 2. i. r,': r- h 7,i p�.- r- c, V 0 .1. UMI E, 7 5 R' J F F -1 E M �P C. Fi- P V 9 E 46..!5,2 c jo b i r: 5B. U C U 1").J. C - f E, C t ,P- 227�-,(.) U. bi c -f- e t r.-":' D . 2 12 7 5 ( -) b 4. r: -f =-- 'U. T 0 I'Pi L 9 OIL 5 2 b J. c -f eet L 11.1; i: SUMMARY Total required volume 272552 cubic feet Total design volume avail. 273834 cubic feet Min. req. treatment volume plus sludge accumulation 16240C) cubic ft At elev. 48-7 feet ; Volume is 18354.7 Cubic feet (eend pumping) Total design volume less 25yr-24hr storm is 251084 cubic feet At elev. 50.3 feet ; Volume is 248812 cubic feet (start pumping- Eneasonal high water table elevation 46.2 feet 7, DE�-.IFINED ERY. A(----Cz-jtf— APPROVED BY: PAL4k 4PA*PI JKe W,TE. lklilp 93 D A T E7 . 17-� �5 N'%'-i T E E E. P TT A C 1-4 E D W () G T E UT I L, T Z A ; 10 N P L A IN ..,DMMEN-r�-.). a System Calibration Information presented in manufacturer's charts are based on average operation conditions with relatively new equipment. Discharge rates and application rates change over time as equipment gets older and components wear. In particular, pump wear tends to reduce operating pressure and flow. With continued use, nozzle wear results in an increase in the nozzle opening which will increase the discharge rate while decreasing the wetted diameter. You should be aware that operating the system differently than assumed in the design will alter the application rate, diameter of coverage, and subsequently the application uniformity. For example, operating the system with excessive pressure results in smaller droplets, greater potential for drift, and accelerates wear of the sprinkler nozzle. Clogging of nozzles can result in pressure increase. Plugged intakes or crystallization of mainlines will reduce operating pressure. Operating below design pressure greatly reduces the coverage diameter and application uniformity. For the above reason, you should calibrate your equipment on a regular basis to ensure proper application rates and uniformity. Calibration at least once every three years is recommended. Calibration involves collecting and measuring flow at several locations in the application area. Any number of containers can be used to collect flow and determine the application rate. Rain gauges work best because they already have a graduated scale from which to read the application amount without having to perform additional calculations. However, pans, plastic buckets, jars, or anything with a uniform opening and cross-section can be used provided the liquid collected can be easily transferred to a scaled container for measuring. For stationary sprinklers, collection containers should be located randomly throughout the application area at several distances from sprinklers. For traveling guns, sprinklers should be located along a transect perpendicular to the direction of pull. Set out collection containers 25 feet apart along the transect on both sides of the gun cart. You should compute the average application rate for all nonuniformity of the application. On a windless day, variation between containers of more than 30 percent is cause for concern. You should contact your irrigation dealer or technical specialist for assistance. *Reprinted for Certification Training for Operations of Animal Waste Management Systems Manual OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN Proper lagoon management should be a year-round priority. It is especially important to manage levels so that you do not have problems during extended rainy and wet periods. Maximum storage capacity should be available in the lagoon for periods when the receiving crop is dormant (such as wintertime for bermudagrass) or when there are extended rainy spells such as a thunderstorm season in the summertime. This means that at the first sign of plant growth in the later winter / early spring, irrigation according to a farm waste management plan should be done whenever the land in dry enough to receive lagoon liquid. This will make storage space available in the lagoon for future wet periods. In the late summer / early fall the lagoon should be pumped down to the low marker (see Figure 2-1) to allow for winter storage. Every effort should be made to maintain the lagoon close to the minimum liquid level as long as the weather and waste utilization plan will allow it. Waiting until the lagoon has reached its maximum storage capacity before starting to irrigated does not leave room for storing excess water during extended wet periods. Overflow from the lagoon for any reason except a 25-year, 24-hour storm is a violation of state law and subject to penalty action. The routine maintenance of a lagoon involves the following: Maintenance of a vegetative cover for the dam. Fescue or common bermudagrass are the most common vegetative covers. The vegetation should be fertilized each year, if needed, to maintain a vigorous stand. The amount of fertilized applied should be based on a soils test, but in the event that it is not practical to obtain a soils test each year. the lagoon embankment and surrounding areas should be fertilized with 800 pounds per acre of 10-10-10, or equivalent. Brush and trees on the embankment must be controlled. This may be done by mowing, spraying, grazing, chopping, or a combination of these practices. This should be done at least once a year and possibly twice in years that weather conditions are favorable for heavy vegetative growth. NOTE: If vegetation is controlled by spraying, the herbicide must not be allowed to enter the lagoon water. Such chemicals could harm the bacteria in the lagoon that are treating the waste. Maintenance inspections of the entire lagoon should be made during the initial filling of the lagoon and at least monthly and after major rainfall and storm events. Items to be checked should include, as a minimum, the following: Waste Inlet Pipes, Recycling Pipes, and Overflow Pipes -- look for: 1. separation of joints 2. cracks or breaks 3. accumulation of salts or minerals 4. overall condition of pipes Lagoon surface -- look for: 1. undesirable vegetative growth 2. floating or lodged debris Embankment -- look for: 1 . settlement, cracking, or "jug" holes 2. side slope stability -- slumps or bulges 3. wet or damp areas on the back slope 4. erosion due to lack or vegetation or as a result of wave action 5. rodent damage Larger lagoons may be subject to liner damage due to wave action caused by strong winds. These waves can erode the lagoon sidewalls, thereby weakening the lagoon dam. A good stand of vegetation will reduce the potential damage caused by wave action. If wave action causes serious damage to a lagoon sidewall, baffles in the lagoon may be used to reduce the wave impacts. Any of these features could lead to erosion and weakening of the dam. If your lagoon has any of these features, you should call an appropriate expert familiar with design and construction of waste lagoons. You may need to provide a temporary fix if there is a threat of a waste discharge. However, a permanent solution should be reviewed by the technical expert. Any digging into a lagoon dam with heavy equipment is a serious undertaking with potentially serious consequences and should not be conducted unless recommended by an appropriate technical expert. Transfer Pumps -- check for proper operation of: 1. recycling pumps 2. irrigation pumps Check for leaks, loose fittings, and overall pump operation. An unusually loud or grinding noise, or a large amount of vibration, may indicate that the pump is in need of repair or replacement. NOTE: Pumping systems should be inspected and operated frequently enough so that you are not completely "surprised" by equipment failure. You should perform your pumping system maintenance at a time when your lagoon is at its low level. This will allow some safety time should major repairs be required. Having a nearly full lagoon is not the time to think about switching, repairing, or borrowing pumps. Probably, if your lagoon is full, your neighbor's lagoon is full also. You should consider maintaining an inventory of spare parts or pumps. Surface water diversion features are designed to carry a// surface drainage waters (such as rainfall runoff, roof drainage, gutter outlets, and parking lot runoff) away from your lagoon and other waste treatment or storage structures. The only water that should be coming from your lagoon is that which comes from your flushing (washing) system pipes and the rainfall that hits the lagoon directly. You should inspect your diversion system for the following: 1. adequate vegetation 2. diversion capacity 3. ridge berm height Identified problems should be corrected promptly. It is advisable to inspect your system during or immediately following a heavy rain. If technical assistance is needed to determine proper solutions, consult with appropriate experts. You should record the level of the lagoon just prior to when rain is predicted, and then record the level again 4 to 6 hours after the rain (assumes there is no pumping). This will give you an idea of how much your lagoon level will rise with a certain rainfall amount (you must also be recording your rainfall for this to work). Knowing this should help in planning irrigation applications and storage. If your lagoon rises excessively, you may have an overflow problem from a surface water diversion or there may be seepage into the lagoon from the surrounding land. Lagoon Operation Startup: 1. Immediately after construction establish a complete sod cover on bare soil surfaces to avoid erosion. 2. Fill new lagoon design treatment volume at least half full of water before waste loading begins, taking care not to erode lining or bank slopes. 3. Drainpipes into the lagoon should have a flexible pipe extender on the end of the pipe to discharge near the bottom of the lagoon during initial filling or another means of slowing the incoming water to avoid erosion of the lining. 4. When possible, begin loading new lagoons in the spring to maximize bacterial establishment (due to warmer weather). 5. It is recommended that a new lagoon be seeded with sludge from a healthy working swine lagoon in the amount of 0.25 percent of the full lagoon liquid volume. This seeding should occur at least two weeks prior to the addition of wastewater. 6. Maintain a periodic check on the lagoon liquid pH. If the pH falls below 7.0, add agricultural lime at the rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of lagoon liquid volume until the pH rises above 7.0. Optimum lagoon liquid pH is between 7.5 and 8.0. 7. A dark color, lack of bubbling, and excessive odor signals inadequate biological activity. Consultation with a technical specialist is recommended if these conditions occur for prolonged periods, especially during the warm season. Loading: The more frequently and regularly that wastewater is added to a lagoon, the better the lagoon will function. Flush systems that wash waste into the lagoon several times daily are optimum for treatment. Pit recharge systems, in which one or more buildings are drained and recharged each day, also work well. Practice water conservation --- minimize building water usage and spillage from leaking waterers, broken pipes and washdown through proper maintenance and water conservation. Minimize feed wastage and spillage by keeping feeders adjusted. This will reduce the amount of solids entering the lagoon. Management: * Maintain lagoon liquid level between the permanent storage level and the full temporary storage level. * Place visible markers or stakes on the lagoon bank to show the minimum liquid level and the maximum liquid level. (Figure 2-1). * Start irrigating at the earliest possible date in the spring based on nutrient requirements and soil moisture so that temporary storage will be maximized for the summer thunderstorm season. Similarly, irrigate in the late summer / early fall to provide maximum lagoon storage for the winter. The lagoon liquid level should never be closer than 1 foot to the lowest point of the dam or embankment. * Don not pump the lagoon liquid level lower than the permanent storage level unless you are removing sludge. * Locate float pump intakes approximately 18 inches underneath the liquid surface and as far away from the drainpipe inlets as possible. * Prevent additions of bedding materials, long-stemmed forage or vegetation, molded feed, plastic syringes, or other foreign materials into the lagoon. * Frequently remove solids from catch basins at end of confinement houses or wherever they are installed. Maintain strict vegetation, rodent, and varmint control near lagoon edges. Do not allow trees or large bushes to grow on lagoon dam or embankment. Remove sludge from the lagoon either when the sludge storage capacity is full or before it fills 50 percent of the permanent storage volume. If animal production is to be terminated, the owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a closure plan to eliminate the possibility of a pollutant discharge. Sludge Removal: Rate of lagoon sludge buildup can be reduced by: 5 proper lagoon sizing, mechanical solids separation of flushed waste, gravity settling of flushed waste solids in an appropriately designed basin, or minimizing feed wastage and spillage. Lagoon sludge that is removed annually rather than stored long term will: * have more nutrients, * have more odor, and 0 require more land to properly use the nutrients. Removal techniques: * Hire a custom applicator. * Mix the sludge and lagoon liquid with a chopper - agitator impeller pump through large - bore sprinkler irrigation system onto nearby cropland; and soil incorporate. • Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; mix remaining sludge; pump into liquid sludge applicator; haul and spread onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. • Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or forageland; dredge sludge from lagoon with dragline or sludge barge; berm an area beside lagoon to receive the sludge so that liquids can drain back into lagoon; allow sludge to dewater; haul and spread with manure spreader onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate. Regardless of the method, you must have the sludge material analyzed for waste constituents just as you would your lagoon water. The sludge will contain different nutrient and metal values from the liquid. The application of the sludge to fields will be limited by these nutrients as well as any previous waste applications to that field and crop requirement. Waste application rates will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3. When removing sludge, you must also pay attention to the liner to prevent damage. Close attention by the pumper or drag -line operator will ensure that the lagoon liner remains intact. If you see soil material or the synthetic liner material being disturbed, you should stop the activity immediately and not resume until you are sure that the sludge can be removed without liner injury. If the liner is damaged it must be repaired as soon as possible. Sludge removed from the lagoon has a much higher phosphorus and heavy metal content than liquid. Because of this it should probably be applied to land with low phosphorus and metal levels ' as indicated by a soil test, and incorporated to reduce the chance of erosion. Note that if the sludge is applied to fields with very high soil -test phosphors, it should be applied only at rates equal to the crop removal of phosphorus. As with other wastes, always have your lagoon sludge analyzed for its nutrient value. The application of sludge will increase the amount of odor at the waste application site. Extra precaution should be used to observe the wind direction and other conditions which could increase the concern of neighbors. Possible Causes of Lagoon Failure Lagoon failures result in the unplanned discharge of wastewater from the structure. Types of failures include leakage through the bottom or sides, overtopping, and breach of the dam. Assuming proper design and construction, the owner has the responsibility for ensuring structure safety. Items which may lead to lagoon failures include: * Modification of the lagoon structure -- an example is the placement of a pipe in the dam without proper design and construction. (Consult an expert in lagoon design before placing any pipes in dams.) * Lagoon liquid levels -- high levels are a safety risk. Failure to inspect and maintain the dam. Excess surface water flowing into the lagoon. Liner integrity -- protect from inlet pipe scouring, damage during sludge removal, or rupture from lowering lagoon liquid level below groundwater table. NOTE: If lagoon water is allowed to overtop the dam, the moving water will soon cause gullies to form in the dam. Once this damage starts, it can quickly cause a large discharge of wastewater and possible dam failure.