620006_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410

State of North Carolina
Department of EnrironmentaI Quality
Division of Water Resources
Animal Waste Management Systems
Request fol Certification ofCmrcrege
Faciliq Currently covel'ed by an Expiring Sate Non-Discharge General Permit
On September 50, 2019. the North Carolina State Non-Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will
expire. As wquired by these perout, facilities That base been issued Certificates of COVemgC to operate under these State
Nun-Discharge General Permits must npply for renewal at lead IROdays prior to their r,roamf date. Therelm, all applications
must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3,2019,
Please /a nor leave nr0, question r answered. Plan. rerifr all irf rnmri .. nn.f rook, nor newmary w.
. r corrections belo
Appikade.nnrsr be,! ....f and dmerl by tie Pennittee,
I. Farm Number: 62-0006 Certificate Of Coverage Number: AWS620006
3. Facility Name: Little River Fan
a. Landoamer's Name Isame as on the Waste Management Plan), N G Purvis Fauns Ins
4. Landowner's Mailing Address'. 2504 Spies Rd
City Robbins Smtc: NIC Zip: 27325-0213
Telephone Number: 910-9482297 Es E-mail:
5. Facility's Physical Address: 2578 Thicket,Creek Rd
City: Mount Gilead state: NC Zip: 2]2=06
6. County where Facility is located: Monteontary
7. Farm Manager's Name bi'din rent from Landowner): Anthony Ruv Moore
a. Fans Manager's telephone number Dastard area code): 910-948-2297 Est.
9. 1megmtor's Name(if there is not an Integrator.write"None") N G Purvis Farms Inc
10. Operator Name 101C): David Wayne Jones Phone Na.: 910-295-7665 OIC d: 249H
11. Lessee's Name(ifthcre is not a Lessee,write"Noner,r
12. Indicate animal operation type and number:
Current Pemnie Operations Type Allowable Count
Swine-Wean to Feeder 8.700
Operation Typeti
swine Cattle Dry Poulrry Other Tvncs
Wean.Finish Dairy Call' Nun Laying Chickens Noises-Horses
Wean to Feeder Dairy Heifer Laying Chickens Horses-00ei
Farrow.Finish Milk Cum, Pullets Sheep-Sheep
Feeder to Finish Di, Cow Turkeys ShwP-Other
Farrow.Wean Beef Stocker Calf Turkey Pullet
Farrow to Feeder Beef Feeder
Boar/Stud Beer Broad Cow we,Paul"
Gills Other Nan Laving Pullet
Other Layers

13, Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary
corrections and provide missing data.)
Estimated Liucr Type Estimated Design Freeboard
Structure Data (Clay,S)nthetic, Capacity Surface Area 'Redline"
Name Pont Unknown) (Cubic Feet) (Square Feet) (ruches)
7 1900
10
2ND STAGE
Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application
as required by NC General Statutes 14}215.1OC(J)to the address below.
The CAWMP must include the tollmving components:
1. The most recent Waste Utilizalioa Plan(WUP),si red by the owner and a certified technical soecialish containing:
a. The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields(e.g.Irrigation,injection,etc.)
b. A map ofevery field used for land application(for example:irrigation map)
c. The soil series present on every land application field
d. The crops grown on every land application field
e. The Realistic Yield Cxpectation(RYE)for every crop shown in the WUP
f the maximum PANto be applied to every land application field
g. The waste application windows thievery crop atilized in the WUP
It. The required NRCS Standard specifications
2. Asite map/schmnatic
3. Emergency Action Plan
4. tracer Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted
5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best monagcmenl practices noted
6. Mortality Control Checklist with selected method noted-Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist
7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and
complete. Also provide any site evaluations, netland determinations, or hmard classifications that may be applicable to
your facility.
8. Operation and Maintenance Platt
If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal.
(e.g.composting,digesters,waste transfers,etc.)
As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the
application and all the CAWMP items above to: [e-mail]

I attest that this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete in the best of my knowledge. I understand that,
if all required pans of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not
included,this application package will be returned to me as incomplete.
Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes 143-215.6A and 143-215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any application may be subject in civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (IS U.S.C.
Section 1001 provides a punishment by a line of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years. or both for
a similar offense.)
Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a
corporation,signature should be byapprincipal executive officer ofthe corporation):
Name. l/�r��� Y ur✓� 5� Title. ��e�iV4
Signature: .c 1ti Date 3—
Name Title
Signature' Date'
Name: Title:
Signature: Date:
THE COLLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWMG ADDRESS
NCDEQ-DWR
Animal Feeding Operations Program
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carillon 27699-1636
Telephone number:[phone]
E-mail:[e-mail]
FORM: RENEWAL-STATECENERA1,022019

ROY COOPERQwmw V�74,,,
MICHAEL S.REGAN
sn,na y
LINDA CULPEPPER NORTH CAROLINA
amw EnNronmearal Q.altry
February 27,2019
N G Purvis Farms Inc
Little River Farm
2504 Spies Rd
Robbins,NC 27325-7213
Subjcec Application for Renewal of Coverage for Expiring Stale General Permit
Dear Pumice:
Your facility is currently approved Ibr operation under one of tire Animal Waste Operation Stale Non-Discharge General Permits,
which expire on September 30. 2019, Copies of the new animal waste operation State Non-Discharge General Permits are mailable
m hums://dca naeov/about/d'v s ons/waterrresor meshrlter-nr.I'tv-.pion.]-operations/afo or by writing or calling:
NCDEQ-DWR
Animal Feeding Operations Program
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh,North Carolina 27699-1636
"I clephome number![phone]
In order to continued coverage under the State Non-Discharge General Penn ty i most submit applicationfor
Permit coverage to the vision. Enclosed von will rind a "RCancst fir Certificate of Coverage Fic'Fty Currently Covered by a
Expiring State Non-Discharge General Permit." The application form rust he completed send and returned by .Anvil 3. 2019.
Please ,are that you must include (1) cony of the Certified Animal Waste Mannent Plan (CAWMP) with the
completed and sinned application forme eem A list of items included in the CAWMP can be found on Page ?of the recount
application form.
Failure to request renewal a]' your coverage under a general permit within the time period specified may result in a civil penalty.
Operation of your facility without coverage under a valid general permit would constitute a violation of NCGS 143-215.1 and could
result in assessments ofcvil penalties ofup to 525,000 per day.
If you have am, questions about the State Non-Discharge General Pict—nu , the enclosed application, or any related natter please feel
free to contact the Animal Feeding Operations Branch staff at 919-707-9100.
Sincerely.
✓'/'
Am Risgi ard.Section Chief
Animal Feeding Operations and Groundwater Section
Enclosures
cc(w/o enclosures): Fayetteville Regional Office,Water Quality Regional Operations Section
Madwomen,County Sail and Water Conservation District
AFOG Section Central Files-AWS620006
N G Purvis Farms Inc
`V NOM1b Cam:mepapartrcznt or En¢ronmanta!QualM1y l 01N.a,if115[x Fasaa,xo
512 N.Sat¢bun fit Naafi M.Ise—Center] 6a'R$,Noon C.,1m.21663-1836
919'1079W0

. . .. . .. . ....... .
CERTIFIED ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN RECEIPT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
1. The undersigned person(s) hereby acknowledges that he/she has received a copy of the
revised Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) specifications report for Little
River Farm (owned by N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.), in Montgomery County. Facility I.D. # 62-
006. This CAWMP is a revision to the old plan and is dated 6-30-03. The CAWMP was
developed and sealed by Larry F. Graham, P.E. (certified technical specialist) with
Environmental Engineering Services. He or she also acknowledges that he/she has read the
referenced documents, understands the information provided, and knows he/she must adhere to
the intent of the plans.
2. The undersigned person(s) hereby acknowledges that he/she was involved with the
development of the plans and gave input to the engineer about its development.
Farm owner(s) or their representa�tive(sN):
Signature: /� /% %Co �C �r-,is �v•
Title:
Date:
Signature:
Title:
Date:
Signature:
Title:
Date:
1. The undersigned engineer hereby certifies that he has provided Mr. Anthony Moore (with
N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.) with at least one copy of the CAWMP and associated documents
referenced above.
Engineer's Signature:
Company: Env ntal En e g Se , PO Box 6, Aberdeen, NC 28315
Date: t

Animal Waste Management Plan Certification
(Please t or Tint all information that does not re wire a si nature)
Existing or New or Fimandpd (please circle one)
General Information: O O
Name of Farm: Little Ri v Pam 2 Facility No: Gy_-- o06
Owner(s)Name: N.G. Purvis Farms Inc. t,-'`.
Phone No: (910) 948-2297
Mailing Address:-2504 Spies Road Robbins, N C 27325 7213
Farm Location: County Farm is located in:montaane_ r
Latitude and Longitude: 35 13 10 / 79 55 16 Integrator: NG Purvis Farms Inc.
Please attach a copy of a county road map with location identified and describe below (Be specific: road
names, directions, milepost, etc.y. Farm is on SR# 1543 about 2 miles from the
intersection of Hi QbwaY 231 imd SR# 15413 Fam i q about q miles paqt- f
Mount Gil cad
Operation Description:
Type of Swine No.of Animals Type ofPoutrry No. of Animals Type of Dairy No. ofAnimals
OWean to Feeder 8,790 ❑Layer ❑Minting
0 Feeder t Finish ❑Non-Layer 0Dry
❑Farr to to Wean Type of Beef No. of Animals ❑Heifers
❑Farrow to Feeder 0 Brood 0 Calves
❑Farrow to Finish ❑Feeders
0 Gilts 0 Stockers
❑Boars Other Type of Livestock: Number of Animals:
Expanding Opemthm Only
Previous Design Capacity.- Addiriowl Design Capacity.'- Total Desi n Ca aci
Acreage Available for Application: 31 .26 +/— Required Acreage: 18.1 or more depending on crop.
Number of Lagoons/Storage Ponds: 2 Total Capacity:487,756 Cubic Fact(ft3)
Are subsurface drains present on the farm:. YES or GD (please circle one)
If YES:are subsurface drains present in the area of the LAGOON or SPRAY FIELD(please circle one)
Owner/Manager Agreement
I(we)verify that all the above information is correct and will be updated upon changing. I (we)understand the operation and
maintenance procedures established in the approved animal waste management plan for the farm named above and will
implement these procedures. I(we)Mow that any expansion to the existing design capacity of the waste treatment and storage
system or construction of new facilities will require a new certification to be submitted to the Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) before the new animals are stocked. 1 (we) understand that there must be no discharge of animal waste from the
storage or application system to surface waters of the state either directly through a man-made conveyance or from a storm
event less severe than the 25-year. 24-hour storm and there must not be run-off from the application of animal waste. I(we)
understand that run-off of pollutants from lounging and heavy use areas must be minimized using technical standards
developed by the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service(NRCS). The approved plan will be filed at the farm and at
Elie office of the local Soil and Water Conservation District. I (we) know that any modification must be approved by a
technical specialist and submitted to the Soil and Water Conservation District prior to implementation. A change in land
ownership requires written notification to DWQ or a new certification (if the approved plan is changed) within 60 days of a
title transfer.
Name of Land Owner:, AnthonyMoore for N.G. Pur is Farms Inc.
Signature: !r ^ / i! Date:_J- -03
Name of Mining different from n r): Anthony Moore
Signature: i 7 /a Date: '7- 2 - 5�5>
AWC -- December5,2000 f

Little River Farm
Technical Specialist Certification Facility I.D.N 62-006
I. As a technical specialist designated by the North Carolina Soil and Water Conservation Commission pursuant to 15A
NCAC 6F .0005, 1 certify that the animal waste management system for the farm named above has an animal waste
management plan that meets or exceeds standards and specifications of the Division of Water Quality as specified in 15A
NCAC 2H.0217 and the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service and/or the North Carolina Soil and Water
Conservation Commission pursuant to 15A NCAC 2H.0217 and 15A NCAC 6F .OD01-.0005. The following elements are
included in the plan as applicable. While each category designates a technical specialist who may sign each certification (SD,
SI,WUP,RC,1),the technical specialist should only certify pans for which they arc technically competent.
IL Certification of Design
A) Collection,Storaee, Treatment Svstem
(Verification of design adequacy)
Check the appropriate box
`�'s�..0AR0 .
❑ Existing facility without retrofit (SD or WUP) p`" `'•
R !i
.a {ES$I J�.
Storage volume is adequate for operation capacity;storage capability consistent with waste iz4egmre
$ EAl
❑ New, expanded or retrofitted facility (SD) ggppyy "a
Animal waste storage and treatment structures, such as but not limited to collection syst6yl�sySpg cars lanTrpon
have been designed to meet or exceed the minimum standards and specifications. :�.P'•FryflNts�••��.
G •
Name of Technical Specialist (Please Print): Larry F. Graham, P.E.
Affiliation Environmental Engineerinq Services Date Work Completed: 6/30/03
Address (Agenc : P.D. w 4 er ern N.C. 28315 Phone No.:(910) 295-3252
Sig ature: CA
Date:
B)Land Aonlic on Site P) t
...ia•..1/ 1`'
_ �
The plan provides for minimum separations (buffers); adequate amount of land for waste9li1�1{6R; chose�Ftpp iS.
suitable for waste management;hydraulic and nutrient loading rates. $ `h L .t
11602
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print): Larry F. Graham, P.E. JV
`y
Affiliation Environmental Engineering Services Date Work Complete3:•.6- ^h',:C, ,
Address (Age : ox 4216 a een N.C. 28315 Phone No : (9�(IJ�j3293ed252
Sigature: Date: e
C) Runoff Con�ols from cterior Lots
Check the appropriate box
El Facility without exterior lots (SD or WUP or RC) N/A
This facility does not contain any exterior lots.
❑ Facility with.exterior lots (RC)
Methods to minimize the run off of pollutants from lounging and heavy use areas have been designed in
accordance with technical standards developed by NRCS.
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print):
Affiliation Date Work Completed:
Address (AQencf): Phone No.:
Signature: Date:
AWC -- Deccm6cr5,2000 2

D). Application and Handling Equipment Little River Farm
Check the appropriate box Facility-I.D. H 62-006
M Existi di.�f.cility.iEhe.iti i licati (WUPorl)
Animal waste application equipment specified in the plan has been either field calibrated or evaluated in accordance
with existing design chains and tables and is able to apply waste as necessary to accommodate the waste
management plan: (existing application equipment can cover the area required by the plan at rates not to exceed
either the specified hydraulic or nutrient loading rates, a schedule for timing of applications has been established;
required buffers can be maintained and calibration and adjustment guidance are contained as pan of the plan).
❑ New expanded ar existing facility without existing waste application equipment for show irrigation (I)
Animal waste application equipment specified in the plan has been designed to apply waste as necessary to
accommodate the waste management plan;(proposed application equipment can cover the area required by the plan
at rates not to exceed either the specified hydraulic or nutrient loading rates; a schedule for timing of applications
has been established;required buffers can be maintained;calibration and adjustment guidance are contained as part
of the plan).
❑ New,expanded,or existme facility without existing waste application equipment for land Stranding ripkinittv
irrigation. (WUP or I) p'"-\>\ L,ARO/�,,
Animal waste application equipment specified in the plan has been selected to apply was}L�yl�, �..... i(r1
accommodate the waste management plan;(proposed application equipment can cover the we �y the pt •.
at rates not to exceed either the specified hydraulic or nutrient loading rates; a schedule for Ttons '
has been established;required buffers can be maintained;calibration and adjustment mclanod are Contained-gs,pan i
of the plan). 11 bbUOCC
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print): Lam F. Graham. P.E. •fN,INCiJ�'Q?'P•
Affiliation Environmental Engineering Services Date Work Completed: 6/30'10 AMISG
Address (Agency): ox 4 t :tdeen NC. 28315Phone No . (910) 295-3252
Signature: _Date: <s XJ
E) Odor Contr
ol,Insect G' ntrol, M Ety Management and Emergency Action Plan (SD,
Sh WUP. RC or I) po.r"NqOt��r{t'rrID11
The waste management plan for this facility includes a Waste Management Odor Control Checklistecy<xa
Checklist,a Mortality Management Checklist and an Emergency Action Plan. Sources of both odDra�rre(�'g5 ,9%
been evaluated with respect to this site and Best Management Practices to Minimize Odors aLt) Be3t�ian a en(
Practices to Cannot Insects have been selected and included in the waste management plan- Boih the f
Management Plan and the Emergency Action Plan are complete and can be implemented by this3'acc ty. l 1602 C 7
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print): %y '• �Q,:
Affiliation Environmental Engineering Services Date Work Completed:
IJv{ t9 4M1
Address (Agency): B x 42 een' N.C. 28315 Phone No.: 910 295—'� S'2
Signature: -- --Dater
F) Written Noti c e of New x andit Swine Farm
The following signature block is only to be used for new or expanding swine Farms that begin construction after June
21,1996. If the facility was built before June 21,1996,when was it constructed or last expanded
I (we)certify that I (we)have attempted to contact by certified mail all adjoining property owners and all property owners who
own property located across a public road,street,or highway from this new or expanding swine farm. The notice was in
compliance with the requirements of NCGS 106-805. A copy of the notice and a list of the property owners notified is
attached.
Name of Land Owner:
Signature: Date:
Name of Manager(if different from owner):
Signature: Date:
AWC -- December 5,2000 3

Little River Farm
III. Certification of Installation Facility I,D. N 62-006
A) Collection, Storage.Treatment Installation (Verification Only)
New, expanded or retrofitted facility (SI)
Animal waste storage and treatment structures,such as but not limited to lagoons and ponds,have been installed in
accordance with the approved plan to meet or exceed the minimum standards and specifications.
For existing facilities without retrofits, no certification is necessary.
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print):
Affiliation Date Work Completed:
Address (Agency): Phone No.:
Signature: Date: . 50 CARO
pEV SS%tjy. '
: 0
B)Land Application Site (WUP) Zra SEAL
l}
The cropping system is in place on all land as specified in the animal wart%n1ahageAtA9l larli t a
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print): Larry F. Graham, P.E. '�r, FRq NCI$G,.
Environmental Engineering Services 6 X "t,n
Affiliation 4� 4 Date Work Completed: /30)d�
Address (Agent o c 42 , b rdeen, N.C. 28315 Phone No.- (910) 295-3252
Signature: .4 Date: z0 co '
C)Runoff Contro s from P3 terior Lots (RC) N/A
Facility with exterior lots
Methods to minimize the run off of pollutants from lounging and heavy use areas have been installed as specified in
the plan.
For facilities without exterior lots, no certification is necessary.
Name of Technical Specialist(Please Print):
Affiliation Date Work Completed:
Address (Agency): Phone No.:
Signature: Date:
D) Application and Handling Equipment Installation (WUP or I) ,.``� tICtARO���`�.
:3 Animal waste application and handling equipment specified in the plan is on site and reatl'ye2(3e;calihr5
and adjustment materials have been provided to the owners and are contained as pan of tse plj<n. SEAAtt 9L
❑ Animal waste application and handling equipment specified in the plan has not been instRIed but the O�rier ha:,s
proposed leasing or third party application and has provided a signed contract; equiplSje4.sRee�f��S5QApt�� Qllfe2$++�
contract agrees with the requirements of the plan; required buffers can be maimair;tilr; gY[6i5Si&ry� 'vp+
adjustment guidance have been provided to the owners and are contained as part of the plan. '�q,� gAIC"55$`t
Name of Technical Specialist (Please Print): Larry F. Graham, P.E.
Affiliation Environmental Engineering Services Date Work Completed: 6/30/03
Address (Age Phone No.*j(910) 295-3252
i
Signature: Dater
AWC -- December 5,20 a 4

Little River Farm
Facility I.D. # 62-006
E) Odor Control. Insect Control and Mortality Management (SD SI WUP RC or 1)
Methods to control odor's and insects as specified in the Plan have been installed and are operational. The
mortality management system as specified in the Plan has also been installed and is operational.
Name of Technical Specialist (Please Print): Larry F. Graham, P.E.
Affiliation Environmental Engineering Services Date Work Completed: 6/30/03
Address (Agent ): s, 19o�a 3 a Phone No i 4101 2
Signature: Date: e O
onmm�„
Please return the completed orm to the Division of Water Quality at the followtsl+� d OA !''
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality ' 11602
Non-Discharge Compliance & Enforcement Unit
1617 Mail Service Center "",�'!-'•a�!?!{�• Pao
Raleigh,
g rnnun.o
Please also remember to submit a copy of this form along with the complete Animal Waste
Management Plan to the local Soil and Water Conservation District Office and to keep a copy in
your files with your Animal Waste Management Plan.
AWC '-- December 5,2000 5

Wettable Acres Determination Certification�Op'
Name of Facility: Little River Farm Facility Number: 62 - 006
Owner(s) Name: N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc. Phone No: (910) 948-2297
Mailing Address: 2504 Spies Road, Robbins, N.C. 273 2 5-721 3
By signing this form,the facility owner and Technical Specialist acknowledge the completion of the
Wettable Acres Determination. All necessary Wettable Acre Determination Field Data Sheets and
calculations were completed to conduct a Wettable Acre Determination. The facility's Waste
Utilization Plan has been amended as necessary to reflect actual wetted acreage. A copy of all
worksheets, calculations, and other Wettable Acres Determination documents, along with the
applicable Waste Utilization Plan and Wettable Acre Determination Certification will be filed with
the local Soil and Water Conservation District. A copy will also be kept on site with the Certified
Animal Waste Management Plan. Any future modifications must be approved by a technical
specialist and filed with the Soil and Water Conservation District prior to implementation. If any
modifications to the existing irrigation system or any new irrigation equipment was required to
adequately address the waste management needs of this facility, an Irrigation Specialist or
Professional Engineer has certified the design and installation below.
Owner Name: Anthon Mpore for N.G. Purvis Farms Inc.
OwBfa,ignature: ->/r u'rtnr Date: ?-7-03'
ethnical tal'at Name: Larry
SEAL i. r O Techpi%b� Spetaaliit Signatu : Date:
'fP�eygM1i0rl}ga4t Irrigation Specialist or Professional Engineer please read and sign below:
Animal waste application equipment has been designed or modified to apply waste as necessary to
`Fo�lCli�,the waste management plan and according to NRCS Standards. Animal waste
gt"i�OA,do�y}fgment has been installed according to NRCS Standards and is ready for use.
:off ��9�
3rrig iWpecjali5{/PE Name: Larry F.
y, rri pe�i�{asT/PE Signamr . Date: rCYJ�
`''p•nnunn•.o
Submit this form to:
Attn: Sonya Avant
Non-Discharge Compliance Unit
Division of Water Quality
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh. NC 27699-1617
WADC-7199

Exhibit 1
�L Vicinity Map For Little River
Farm, Montgomery County, N.C.
fIVA
T \�l \ • � �� t IIIJYI! COE
44— a..
N Ti ` LLI 7 Iwf O N_
�/LL3 Nyti ^ 1�e lbnryli n - /iy. ,VR �
\,,,(��� ki^`� Wei^!✓V/ n1� . v � A'^I .' Co vu:\ $ _ A NM
' f I/ rCI
1
.pl. LLN D_'CC! .'�ce ; 4l '•�� ,f c�%'i
e p O R E �
Ill• >'
CST.
,�� 1 '�•MOUNr501lEAD � ItLL J:
[Ix,d. [ p )� 11 II'1.[If 1 .\1 \ • .oe 'I\
I • �. o wo MON qI
EGtE TOP [NURLEMfN6
MONTGOMERY COUNT
a C. " NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION pE 1!ILI!WATS-IUNNWG ANO P(5UP0!IPANCI

Exhibit 16
Reouired Saecifications For Animal Waste Management
1. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift,
manmade conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during
operation or land application. Any discharge of waste that reaches
surface water is prohibited.
2. There must be documentation in the design folder that the producer
either owns or has an agreement for use of adequate land on which to
properly apply the waste. If the producer does not own adequate land to
properly dispose of the waste, he/she shall provide evidence of an
agreement with a landowner, who is within a reasonable proximity,
allowing him/her the use of the land for waste application. It is the
responsibility of the owner of the waste production facility to secure an
update of the Nutrient Management Plan when there is a change in the
operation, increase in the number of animals, method of application,
receiving crop type, or available land.
3. Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the nitrogen needs
for realistic crop yields based upon soil type, available moisture,
historical data, climatic conditions, and level of management, unless
there are regulations that restrict the rate of applications for other
nutrients.
4. Animal waste shall be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre
per year. Waste may be applied to land eroding at more than 5 tons per
acre per year but less than 10 tons per acre per year provided grass filter
strips are installed where runoff leaves the field (see USDA, NRCS Field
Office Technical Guide Standard 393 - Filter Strips).
5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or by disking after waste
application. Waste should not be applied when there is danger of drift
from the land application field.
6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, waste
will be soil incorporated on conventionally tilled cropland. When waste is
applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the waste may be
broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone
to flooding (see "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" for
guidance).
18S560 Dambase Version 2.0 Dale Primed: 8/29/02 swei6calion Pace I

7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration
rate such,that runoff does not occur offsite or to surface waters and in a
method which does not cause drift from the site during application. No
ponding should occur in order to control odor and flies.
S. Animal waste shall not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall
events, or when the soil surface is frozen.
9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a
manner that the crop is not covered with waste to a depth that would
inhibit growth. The potential for salt dams from
d p damage animal waste should
also be considered.
10. Nutrients from waste shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring
planted crops on soils with a high potential for leaching. Waste/nutrient
loading rates on these soils should be held to a minimum and a suitable
winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall not
be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of the crop or forages
breaking dormancy.
11. Any new swine facility sited on or after October 1, 1995 shall comply
with the following: The outer perimeter of the land area onto which
waste is applied from a lagoon that is a component of a swine farm shall
be at least 50 feet from any residential property boundary and canal.
Animal waste, other than swine waste from facilities sited on or after
October 1, 1995, shall not be applied closer that 25 feet to perennial
waters.
12. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells.
13. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other
than those owned by the landowner.
14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and
public right-of-ways.
188560 Da labase Version 2.0 Dale Prinmd: 8128/o2 Smcific:nion Paec 2

15. Animal waste shall not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways,
or wetlands by a discharge or by over-spraying. Animal waste maybe
applied to prior converted cropland provided the fields have been
approved as a land application site by a "technical specialist'. Animal
waste shall not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly
into water courses, and on other grassed waterways, waste shall be
applied at agronomic rates in a manner that causes no runoff or drift
from the site.
16. Domestic and industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets,
sinks, etc., shall not be discharged into the animal waste management
system.
17. A protective cover of appropriate vegetation will be established on all
disturbed areas (lagoon embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). Areas
shall be fenced, as necessary, to protect the vegetation. Vegetation such
as trees, shrubs, and other woody species, etc., are limited to areas where
considered appropriate. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and
accessible. Berms and structures should be inspected regularly for
evidence of erosion, leakage, or discharge.
18. If animal production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the
owner is responsible for obtaining and implementing a "closure plan"
which will eliminate the possibility of an illegal discharge, pollution, and
erosion.
19. Waste handling structures, piping, pumps, reels, etc., should be
inspected on a regular basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks, and spills. A
regular maintenance checklist should be kept on site.
20. Animal waste can be used in a rotation that includes vegetables and
other crops for direct human consumption. However, if animal waste is
used on crops for direct human consumption, it should only be applied
pre-plant with no further applications of animal waste during the crop
season.
138560 Dalabasc Version 2.0 Dalc Primcd: 3/23/02 SmciGcalion PaLc 3

End Exhibit 16
21. Highly visible markers shall be installed to mark the top and bottom
elevations of the temporary storage (pumping volume) of all waste
treatment lagoons. Pumping shall be managed to maintain the liquid
level between the markers. A marker will be required to mark the
maximum storage volume for waste storage ponds.
22. Waste shall be tested within 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested
at least annually at crop sites where waste products are applied.
Nitrogen shall be the rate-determining nutrient, unless other restrictions
require waste to be applied based on other nutrients, resulting in a lower
application rate than a nitrogen based rate. Zinc and copper levels in
the soils shall be monitored and alternative crop sites shall be used when
these metals approach excessive levels. pH shall be adjusted and
maintained for optimum crop production. Soil and waste analysis
records shall be kept for a minimum of five years. Poultry dry waste
application records shall be maintained for a minimum of three years.
Waste application records for all other waste shall be maintained for five
(5) years.
23. Dead animals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina
regulations.
188560 D;dabasc Vcrsion 2.0 D Ic Prinicd: 8/28/02 SMCIrIC:16021 Pam 4

REVISED CERTIFIED ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.C.
FACILITY I.D. # 62-006
Prepared for : N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.
c/o Anthony Moore
2504 Spies Road
Robbins, N.C. 27325-7213
Phone: [phone]
Report Prepared By: Larry F. Graham, P.E.
Environmental Engineering Services
P.O. Box 426
Aberdeen, N.C. 28315
Phone: [phone], Fax: [phone]
Copy Of Report To: NCDENR - DWQ
c/o Michelle McKay - Environmental Engineer
1617 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1617
Phone: [phone]-Ext. 544
Copy Of Report To: Renessa Brown - District Conservationist
c/o NRCS ,,a. ..n„
227-D North Main Street OARO�
Troy, NC 27371
Phone: [phone] _ S EAL
rc 11602
Revision Completion Date: June 30, 2003 . y•, Q.
�Q',�•r
e tioA Dev Opm I and Review By: '''aFR4NCISG,'
Larry F. Graham, P.E.
N. C egistr/a/t/�/pn N ber 11602
Date of Review:

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ABOUT THIS PROJECT:............................................................................................1
EXECUTIVESUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE LITTLE RIVER FARM ANIMAL WASTE PROGRAM...........................................4
CAWMPREVISION OBJECTIVES...............................................................................................................................4
FARMLOCATION,STATISTICS,AND BUFFERS.......................................................................................................5
GENERAL SITE INPORh1ATION AND LOCATION.................................................. _..............__.._.........._...................5
TOPOGRAPHY, DRAINAGE,AND NEARBY SURFACE WATERS_............._..................,........................,......................................5
ANIMAL WASTE RELATED SET-BACKS OR BUFFERS_....................... ........._......... ..................................._.............................6
MISCELL.Nt000S SITEDETAILS..._......................__...__..................,.,..,............._.............._..........................................._....9
ANIMAL POPULATIONS AND RELATED INFOR.b1AT10N............................__...__..........................................._............... ..........9
BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITTLE RIVER FARM LAGOONS...................................................................................9
GENERAL..............................................................................................................................................................................9
LAGOONSYSTEM SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................to
LAGOONWATER LEVEL MARKERS........---..........................................................................................................................12
NUTRIENT PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL MANURE AND ITS USE ON CROPS...............................................12
ANNUALBXCESS WASTEWATERPRODUCTION...................................... . . ....._...........,................._._......... . .._........_.. . ...12
SLUDGEPRODUCTION AND REMOVAL..................................................................................................................................12
NVPRPENPDISCUSSIONS......................................................................................................................................................13
Nitrogen........................................................................................................................................................................13
CopperAndZinc........................... _......... ............................ . .....................................................................................15
Phosphorusand Potassium............................................................................................................................................16
Sodium...................................................................................................................................................................I.......16
OtherElements In The Waste.............._........ . . ..............:.............................................................................................17
SOILSAND SOIL TEST INFORMATION....................................................................................................................17
ESTIMATINGNUTRIENT APPLICATION RATES........................................................................................................................17
SOILTESTING CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................--..........................Is
A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON SOIL TEST RESULTS............................................................. . .. . ............. . ......_...... . . ........_.....19
SQILaTo RECEIVE WASTE....................... .............._................ . . ................ . ..._................................................._...........20
CROP PLANTING AND AGRONOMIC PLANS..........................................................................................................21
GENERALCROPPING DESCRIPTIONS.........__..................................._..................................................................._...............21
Tall Fescue Grass Oar ha 23
PearlMillet (for hay).......... ..............__....... . . ........_.................._..............._..............._...................................I........2
Winter ff�eat. Oats, Barley, Cereal Rye 6ror ha .---..........25
CROPROTATIONS..............................................................................................................................................................1.28
PLANT TISSIIF.ANALYSIS FOR ALTERING P.A.N. APPLICATIONS........._............... .................................._........_..................29
MISC. CROP MANAGEMENT BMP's....._...... ..............._.............._...... .._...........__............_._......................_......_............29
IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT........................................................................................................29
WASTEAPPLICATION SCHEDULING.,__................................................................ _.................._................._............................_........29
IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTIONS........................................................... _......._........._.................._........................_....31
CAWMP WETTABLE ACRES DETERMMATION..........................................................................................,......_.................31
GUN CART PRESSURE ESTIMATES FOR IRRIGATION......... ................................__............................_........— .......................34
11

LITTLE RPIER CANMIP
RENTSED JUNE,2003
BROADCASTINGEQUIPMENT..................................................................................................................................34
NUTRIENTMANAGEMENT.........................................................................................................................................35
INTRODUCTION TO LAND APPLICATION TABLLS AND DETAILS..............................................................................._............35
TABLE 20-REALISTIC YIELD E�, ECTATION9 FOR EACH CROP_............._.......................................................__............-.36
TABLE 21 -CROP NITROGEN UPTAKE VALUES.......................................................................................... ........................38
TABLES 22 TO 25-NrrROGBN REMOVAL POTENTIAL BY CROP AND FIELD................_.......................................................40
TABLE 26-SUMMARY OF P.AN.REMOVALS WITH DIFFERENT CROP COMBINATIONS.. .....................................................45
TABLE 27-ESTIMATING BROADCAST ACRES................ ....................................................................................................47
TABLES 28'ro 33-NITROGEN APPLICATION WENDOwS AND AMOUNTS FOR DIFFERENT CROPS...... .................... .......... 49
TABLE34_-E,M, LC WATER BALANCE........................................................................ ................ .................................57
TABLE 35 --GENERALIZED ANAEROBIC LAGOON SLUDGE DISPOSAL EXAMPLE....................................................................59
HowTo USE TADLEs 28 THROUGH 33..............................................................................._...__._....................._.........._....61
OPERATIONALMANAGEMENT PLAN.....................................................................................................................63
GENERAL___..............................__....._..... _... .............._.........._...._...........,........ ........................................._.................63
IRRIGATIONEQUIPMENT OPERATION............................................. ..................................--...... _.......................................63
BROADCASTEQUIPMENT OPERATION.........................................._......._.........._..........................................._.....................66
CONTROL PROGRAMS FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM..............................................................................................67
ODOR CONTROL AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT(APPLY AS NEEDED)..........................._................................................67
ODOR CONTROL AND AIR QuALiw REGULATIONS........................................................................... ...... ....................... ....69
INSECTCONTROL(APPLY AS NEEDED)..................I........I.....I... .....I...._................................................I........I......__.......I....70
MORTALITYMANAGEMENT....................................................................................... _..................._.......................I...I......70
PERSONALSAFETY......................................................................................................................................................71
ANIMALWASTE APPLICATION SAFETY.................................................................................................................................71
SAFETY AROUND LAGOONS AND WASTE STORAGE PONDS......................._...........................................................................72
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM....................................................................................73
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND NOTICES.........................................................................................................74
iii

LUME RIVER CAW
REVISED IUMi,2003
EXHIBIT LIST FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM'S CAWMP
Exhibit I. County road map (vicinity map).
Exhibit 2. USGS topographic map.
Exhibit 3. Aerial photograph of Little River Farm.
Exhibit 4. Waste application zones and set-backs for the fields at Little River Farm (EES drawing).
Exhibit 5. Volume vs. depth graph for the old (upper)lagoon at Little River Farm,
Exhibit 6. Volume vs. depth graph for the new(lower) lagoon at Little River Farm,
Exhibit 7. NRCS soil survey map of Little River Farm.
Exhibit 8. Physical and chemical properties of Montgomery County soils.
Exhibit 9. Soil sampling and plant tissue sampling instructions.
Exhibit 10. Waste sampling instructions.
Exhibit 11. Recent NCDA Soil Test Reports.
Exhibit 12. Crop nutrient requirements, etc. (Cooperative Extension Publication).
Exhibit 13, Cooperative extension publication"Swine Manure as a Fertilizer Source".
Exhibit 14. Specification guide for pasture and hay land planting.
Exhibit 15. Various example forms for animal waste application record keeping.
Exhibit 16. Required specifications for animal waste management.
Exhibit 17, Swine farm waste management odor control checklist.
Exhibit 18. Insect control checklist for animal operations
Exhibit 19. Mortality management checklist.
Exhibit 20. Emergency action plan ideas, BMP's, and phone numbers.
Exhibit 21, Hard hose traveler information.
Exhibit 22. Tri-Action valve information.
Exhibit 23. Irrigation pump, and big gun nozzle information.
Exhibit 24. Irrigation systems operation guide.
Exhibit 25. Irrigation calibration data for Hard Hose and Cable Tow Travelers.
Exhibit 26. Calibration procedures for broadcasting equipment -Load Area Method.
Exhibit 27. Irrigation Examples.
Exhibit 28. Broadcast Examples.
Exhibit 29. Broadcast equipment information sheet.
iv

LI=RIVER CAW
REVISED NNE,2003
WARNING
The material contained in this package was developed specifically for
the named client on the title page. This material shall not be copied
by private individuals for personal use or distribution. Only persons
authorized by the client should copy or reproduce the material within
this report. Regulatory officials may however copy and/or distribute
this document according to departmental policy and according to the
laws of the State of North Carolina.

ErrrEE RrvnR cAWNm
RGv[SED R N,,2003
REVISED CERTIFIED ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR LITTLE
RIVER FARM, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, N.C.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ABOUT THIS PROJECT:
This document is a revision to the latest Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) for Little
River Farm. The former plan was developed by Environmental Engineering Services (or EES) and is
dated February 2, 2000. The farm owners (N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc.) have decided to change the farm
from a farrow-to-feeder operation to a weanlina to-feeder (nursery) operation. The permitted Steady
State Live Weight (SSLW) will not be increased by this change in animal mix. The animal waste
management infrastructure specified in the last CAWMP (e.g. irrigation equipment, lagoons, etc.) will
not be altered due to the animal mix change.
In order to reflect this animal mix change, EES was asked to compile a comprehensive CAWMP that
shows the newest and most current swine waste management characteristics at this farm, coupled with
the most recent agronomic and irrigation standards. Much of the information in this package will be
duplicated from the February 2, 2000 submittal since most of the basic waste management infrastructure
will remain the same. Only references to the new animal mix will be made below.
All existing CAWMPs for Little River Farm will be void after the following conditions are met: [1]
DWQ approves the plans and specifications as stated below and [2] Little River Farm builds the
infrastructure needed to manage the animal waste from the new animal mix.
Hopefully the plan revisions outlined below will guide the farmer (or the reader) to a more
comprehensive understanding of everyday animal waste management and planning. The reader should
note that the farmer has the ultimate authority to manage their waste to best suite their cropping
patterns and weather conditions. This plan is only a guide, and should be modified (within reason) to fit
those needs from year to year. Maximums and minimums being discussed should not be violated and
precautions about off-site run-off of animal waste should be strictly observed.
The development of a CAWMP is a dynamic process. This means that one design decision will affect
the next decision, and that decision will affect the next, etc. Also, on-site situations will occasionally
require plan alterations or at least make them differ from those parameters presented in the written
document. Therefore,the reader should use this plan for guidance and for general standards more than
for exact "to the inch" measurements. The farmer/manager should not grossly exceed the minimum or
maximum standards so as not to violate the intent of the plan.
The engineer has tried to weigh all factors in accordance with importance and include as much
background as possible about decisions. For brevity, every decision will not be openly debated within
this report. Each intensive animal operation and facility operates differently and must be evaluated on
its own merit and the owner/operator's willingness to maintain best management practices or BMW's. It
will be completely up to the farmer and/or farm managers to operate the system in accordance with
these plans, to protect the surface water and groundwater of the State of North Carolina, and to adhere
to all rules and regulations related to animal waste utilization.
All specifications within this document are acceptable for use to satisfy the animal waste management
rules found in the publication titled NCDENR, Division of Environmental Water Quality, Title
I

LITTLE RIVER CAW
REVISED TUNE,2003
15A:02H, Section .0200. The reader should refer to this State publication for regulatory details. These
specifications also address the required CAWMP checklist shown as Exhibit 16.
The procedures contained in this document have been shown to be effective if performed in a
responsible manner by knowledgeable persons. It is impossible however to predict all future
operational, environmental, and bureaucratic situations which could cause these plans to need
modification or be revised at a later date. When possible, this document follows the US Natural
Resources Conversation Service (NRCS) design criteria and is not meant to contradict standard NRCS
guidelines or the design criteria of other organizations. Much of the information in this document (plus
Exhibits)was obtained courtesy of the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service.
2

LITTLEWN RCAWM
REVISED.RINE,2003
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PARAMETER VALUES OR DATA
Farm Name and County Little River Farm.Montgomery County
DWQ Certificate Of Coverage Number AWS620006
Integrator N.G.Purvis Farms,Inc.,Robbins,N.C.
Number Of Animals and Type For Old CAWMP 500 sows-Farrow-to-Feeder @ 522 lbs./sow
( SSLW) (500 sows s 522 Ibs/sow,=261,000 pounds)
Number Of Animals and Type For This Revised CAWMP 3,700 Wean-to-Feeder @30 tbs./pig
(SSLW) (8,700 i s x 30 Ibs/ i =261,000pounds)
Change In SSLW From Old Operation To New Animal Mix No Chan Le
Lagoon Storage Capacity Below The Mandatory Freeboard Upper lagoon- 924,412 gallons
Lower lagoon- 2,028,674 gallons
Volume Of Wastewater Produced By Animals And By Rainfall 1,952,280 gallons annually
Less Evaporation(estimate on] ) 162.690 gallons per month(avg.)
Vol. Of Sludge Produced By Animals In 5 Years estimate) 292,942 gallons
Max. Est'd. Available Months Of Storage In The Lagoon Lower lagoon-8.5 months+/-
Average Plant Available Nitrogen(P.A.N.)Value Based On From irrigation liquid=2.5 Ibs./1,000 gallons+/-
Book Numbers From broadcasted liquid=2.3 tbs./I.000 gallons+/-
Calculated Sodium Absorption Ratio S.A.R. (irrigation water)=no data
Crops To Be Grown And Crop Realistic Yield Expectations SOILS
(R.Y.E.) Based On Soil Types Without Adjustments For Slope ---------------------------------
or Erosion Class Badin-Goldston Badin-Tatum
Fescue Only 4 tonslacre 4.5 tons/acre
Pearl Millet After Fescue 1.75 tons/acre, 1.9 tons/acre
Fescue After Pearl Millet 3.2 tons/acre 3.6 tons/acre
Wheat After Pearl Millet 1.8 tons/acre 1.98 tons/acre
Wheat smallgrain)Only 3 tons/acre 3.3 tonstacre
Total"CAWMP Wettable Acres" Under Irrigation Or Irrigation Broadcast
Broadcast Field 2— 4.076 acres Field 1= 2.510 acres
Field 3 = 5.113 acres Field 7= 0.610 acres
Field 4= 2.348 acres Field 8= 3.760 acres
Field 5= 4.879 acres Field 9= 3.200 acres
Field 6= 4.164 acres Field 10= 0.600 acres
Total= 20.58 acres Total= 10.68 acres
Irrigation Type Rainbow Model CSB64S 13-DC pump,Hobbs Real Rain
hard hose traveler-Model 2400L with 1250 feet of 4.1
in. LD. hose.. Irrigation gun is a Nelson SR150R
w/1.18"rinp nozzle.
Nozzle Coverage After 90%Reduction In Manufacturer's 283 feet welled diameter at 60 psi
Published Data
Recommended Irrigation]gates and Volume Ranges Badin-Goldston Precipitation Rate=0.30 to 0.40 in/hr
Badin-Goldston Volume per event=0.25 to 0.75 in.
Badin-Tatum Precipitation Rate=0.30 to 0.40 in/hr
Badin-Tatum Volume per event=0.25 to 0.75 in
3

LITTLE RIVER CAWM
REVISED AUZ 2003
BACKGROUND ABOUT THE LITTLE RIVER FARM ANIMAL WASTE PROGRAM
Little River Farm has been a swine production facility for over 20 years. Little River Farm uses an
anaerobic lagoon system to store and treat their waste and then land applies the effluent onto nearby
crop land. Most recently, the CAWMP for Little River Farm used 500 sows in a farrow-to-feeder
operation to determine Steady State Live Weight (SSLW). Due to the dynamics of the swine
production business,N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc. has decided to convert Little River Farm into a 8,700 head
wean-to-feeder (or nursery) operation. Because they are not expanding SSLW Little River Farm is well
within their rights to change the animal mix.
Environmental Engineering Services (EES) was hired to review and revise (as needed) the existing
Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) for this farm and to evaluate the farm's
infrastructure for compatibility with the new animal mix. This plan will concentrate on waste utilization,
proposed crop production, etc. but will also list lagoon storage volumes and the necessary background
calculations to verify waste storage adequacy. A thorough review of wetted acres and crop yields will
be made, taking into consideration the latest crop yield values published by N.C. State University
(NCSU). Throughout this document there will also be information and suggestions providing helpful
hints on odor control, insect control, mortality management, as well as general long term overall waste
management.
To the engineer's knowledge, there have been no occurrences of animal waste releases from the Little
River Farm operation. To avoid confusion, be it known that Little River Farm is located on the same
parcel of land where Riverside Farm is located. Riverside Farm was a swine production facility owned
by N.G. Purvis Farms, Inc. and was a separately permitted confined animal feeding operation. Riverside
Farm was closed in the late 1990's after experiencing an animal waste release. The old Riverside Farm
lagoons are still in place and are being maintained by N.G. Purvis Farms personnel. The remainder of
this revised CAWMP will refer only to Little River Farm.
In 1997 - 1998 Little River Farm enlarged its lagoon system to meet current NRCS guidelines.
Environmental Engineering Services (EES) developed the plans for the lagoon enlargement. This work
was completed in the fall of 1998, Since that time the new lagoon is reported to be functioning as
designed.
CAWMP REVISION OBJECTIVES
1. To describe Little River Farm's site characteristics and animal waste related operational features.
To explain to the reader where the farm is located, what type of production is planned, and some
historical information about the farm. Items within the existing CAWMP will be reviewed using
8,700 wean-to-feeder pigs and modified as/if needed.
2. To review the farm's revised waste generation values, waste management equipment, lagoon
infrastructure, land application areas, soil types, and plans for crop production. EES will also
evaluate CAWMP wetted acres using the new animal mix.
3. To provide general guidance to the farmer and/or waste applicator as to some fundamental waste
application principals so on-site adjustments can be made as needed. This will include fundamental
principals related to waste application amounts, precipitation rates, gun cart travel speeds, etc.
4. To review the agronomic plan and cropping patterns at the farm and modify them if necessary to
comply with the latest realistic yield expectations for Montgomery County soils. This will include
4

LITTLE RIVER CAW W
REVISED) N ,2003
charts and tables of nutrient removal values of crops and a comparison of these potentials to the
expected nitrogen generation from the hog operation.
5. To provide general guidance to the farmer and/or waste application operator as to a possible waste
removal routine which complements the storage capabilities of the waste storage system.
6. To add emphasis to environmental concerns related to the protection of surface and groundwater at
and near the farm.
7. EES will provide a revised and certifiable set of plans (including information provided by others)
that will accommodate the specific farm needs, be cost effective to the farmer, and meet the basic
criteria of prudent and effective animal waste utilization.
FARM LOCATION, STATISTICS, AND BUFFERS
General Site h3formation and Location
The physical location of the Little River Farm parcel is in the southwestern part of Montgomery County
approximately 4 miles east of Mount Gilead. Entrance to the farm is off SR# 1543. The nearest named
stream to the farm site is Disons Creek, which is located along the western property line of the farm
according to USGS quadrangle maps. Exhibits 1, 2, and 3 show various views of the property.
The farm property is bordered by mostly wooded land or farm land with some residential dwellings
scattered around the immediate community. The swine houses and lagoons are bordered by open fields
and SR# 1543. More will be said about regulatory set-backs later in this document.
Topography, Drainage, and Nearby Surface Waters
In general, the topography at and around the Little River Farm consists of rolling hills with all of the
drainage from the site eventually going to Disons Creek and them to Little River, A USGS topo map of
the area can be seen as Exhibit 2. The USGS topographic map containing this information is the Mount
Gilead East Quadrangle map. Coordinates for this site are approximately Longitude 79 degrees, 55
minutes, 16 seconds;Latitude 35 degrees, 13 minutes, 10 seconds.
The slopes at the farm range from 2 to 15 percent with a few places steeper. Slopes in the crop land
areas range from 2 to 15 percent. In general rainfall run-off flows away from or around the confinement
housing and the lagoon areas via pre-determined grass water ways and ditches. Most surface flowing
water that might initially flow toward the lagoons is intercepted so this water is diverted around the
outside of the lagoons.
The Little River lagoon's earthen sides and spray fields should not be impacted by 100 year flooding.
This was not verified with flood insurance maps but is reasonable to assume given the surrounding
topography.
A small unnamed tributary (or stormwater diversion ditch) to Disons Creek exists between the Little
River Farm complex and the Riverside Farm complex. This tributary does not show up on USGS quad
maps. It is thought to be more of a drainage way than a stream, but it is worth noting since it flows
directly into Disons Creek. See Exhibit 4 for an approximate location of this drainage way.
5

L1=RIVP,R CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
Disons Creek is approximately 1,450 feet from the Little River Farm Lagoon system and approximately
425 feet from the edge of the closest cleared crop field. Disons Creek makes up the western border of
the farm parcel. During dry times Disons Creek has only a very small flow but it is a solid blue line
stream on USGS quad maps. Disons Creek is a Class C water supply from its origin to its intersection
with Little River. A Class C water supply's best usage for which it must be protected is defined as
"aquatic life propagation and survival, fishing, wildlife, secondary recreation, and agriculture". The
Little River (Little River is a flowing body of water) is approximately 0.45 miles from the farm property
boundary in a straight line. The down-slope hydraulic path from the farm to the river is roughly 2 miles.
Little River is a class C water supply near the farm. No towns are know to get their water from the
Little River immediately down stream from the farm site.
The discharge of swine effluent to the surface waters of N.C. is prohibited. Therefore no effluent
should be allowed to make its way into the nearby streams and rivers. While no intensive animal
farming operation is immune from wastewater discharge accidents, adhering to the safety guidelines
within this document and careful management should greatly minimize any such accidents. A sudden
dam breach causing a significant release of effluent is very unlikely. EES did not evaluate the old
lagoon dam for structural integrity since that is beyond the scope or intent of this plan revision. The first
stage lagoon dike did not show any particular signs of problems as the engineer's last site visit. The
reader should note however that the engineer did observe the new second stage lagoon and its earthen
dike being installed and verified it was constructed according to NRCS guidelines.
In a discharge event, the effluent would be very dilute prior to it reaching any public water supply
intake. While the effects of any such occurrence is serious, the engineer believes any major threat to a
drinking water supply is minimal and would not have dramatic and prolonged effects on the availability
of the drinking water supply. Municipal water intakes would be more than 10 miles away from the farm
(downstream). Stream aquatic life would be in jeopardy associated with any large and sudden release
of swine effluent especially if the discharge would occur at dry times when stream flows are small. The
extent of such an accident would depend on the quantity and quality of the effluent.
A state park called Town Creek Indian Mound lies approximately 2.6 miles from the farm due south.
This park is south of prevailing winds which are typically from the southwest blowing to the northeast.
The engineer.does not think the park is greatly threatened by a spill or by odors from the farm. SR#
1543 goes by the farm but is not designated a N.C. Scenic By-Way.
Animal Waste Related Set-Backs or Buffers
There are numerous regulations related to set-backs and buffers from intensive livestock operations.
Most of the more stringent set-backs relate to swine production and swine waste. Unfortunately set-
back values are subject to rapid change due to legislation, making them hard to always follow. The
engineer has made an attempt to list the appropriate set-backs below according to the .0200 regulations,
and related regulatory mandates.
Tables 1 and 2 show various buffers or set-backs that apply to swine and dairy operations. Table 1
shows set-backs from new or expanding facilities and Table 2 shows minimum distances from waste
application areas. The reader should note that the set-backs shown are dependent on the time the farm
was sited. Be it noted that Little River Farm is not a new farm and no new land application fields are
scheduled to be added. While confinement building renovations are taking place, the basic footprint of
the buildings is reported to be the same as the old buildings. Therefore the existing set-backs for the
farm should remain as previously designed. Wind conditions, neighbor activities, crop growth,
6

urrw ruvcs CAWMP
MVrSGDN ,2003
temperatures, etc. may require that buffers be increased. The irrigation operator should be particularly
careful to avoid spray drift if irrigating on windy days. Always protect surface waters near application
sites, even if it means increasing set-back distances.
As a word of caution, it is the owner's responsibility to verify any set-backs that are close or
questionable and to make sure animal waste applications adhere to the required set-backs each time
animal waste is applied.
TABLE 1
"FACILITY SET-BACKS" FOR NEW OR EXPANDING OPERATIONS
FACILITY SET-BACKS FROM-- SWINE COWS
Residences farms existing before 4-15-87 300 feet 300 feet
Residences farms sited before 9-30-95 750 feet 750 feet
Residences (farms sited after 9-30-95) 1,500 feet 750 feet
_Pnblicuse area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic 300 feet 300 feet
areas, parks, etc. farms existing before 4-15-87
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic 750 feet 750 feet
areas, parks, etc. (farms sited before 9-30-95
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic 2,500 feet 750 feet
areas, parks, etc. farms sited after 9-30-95
Property lines
• Farms sited before 9-30-95 100 feet? 100 feet?
• Farms sited between 9-30-95 & 10-1-96 100 feet 100 feet?
• Farms sited after 10-1-96 500 feet 100 feet?
Blue Line Streams SGS Quad. Maps) 100 feet too feet
Water wells serving the farm roe 100 feet 100 feet
Water wells not serving the farm ro ert 500 feet 100 feet
100 year flood plain Not Allowed Not Allowed
? =This setback has not been confirmed, but it is considered a good recommendation.
Facilities would include the confinement houses, feed bins, lagoon, lagoon dam, etc. Access roads,
stormwater control devices (i.e. grass water ways), irrigation fields, piping, etc. are not part of the
facilities under the above set-back limitations according to the engineer's understanding. However the
grower should refer to legal counsel and/or regulatory agencies to confirm these opinions since there is
much regulatory confusion about such matters.
TABLE 2IS SHOWN ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE IN ITS ENTIRETY.
7

=E RIVER CAWM
REVISED ,2003
TABLE 2
'NVASTE APPLICATION SET-BACKS"FOR ANIMAL OPERATIONS (NEW AND EXISTING
WASTE APPLICATION SET-BACKS FROM-- SWINE COWS
Residences or occupied dwellings without variance 200 feet 200 feet
permission.
Public use area, church, hospitals, schools, picnic 200 feet 200 feet
areas,parks,etc.
Any non-residential property lure. No Specification (25 ft. No Specification(25 ft.
recommended, more is recommended,more is
better) better)
Any property line with an occupied dwelling on that
adjacent property(unless given easement by owner).
• Farm sited before 9-30-95 __....................... No Specification (25 ft. No Specification (25 ft.
• Farm sited between 9-30-95 & 8-27-97........ recommended) reconm ended, more is
• Farm sited or expanded after 8-27-97 ......... 50 feet better)
• Spray fields put in place after 8-27-97 ......... 75 feet
75 feet
Public roads and right-of-ways+ 25 feet recommended? 25 feet recormended?
Shallow drainage ditches or grass water ways. ++ 0 ft(use extreme caution) 0 ft(use extreme
caution)
Irrigation ditches or canals (flowing or usual) full) 25 ft(more is better) 25 ft(more is better)
Perennial Streams (i.e. Blue Line Streams from USGS
Quad. Maps)other than an irrigation ditch or Canal
• Farms sited before 9-30-95 ..........................
• Fauns sited between 9-30-95 & 8-27-97....... 25 feet vegetative buffer 25 feet vegetative buffer
• Farm sited or expanded after 8-27-97 ......... 50 ft. (mewda 25 a w&wff�)
• Spray fields put in place after 8-27-97 .......... 75 ft. (m.].da 25 n..e Wftrr)
75 ft. (hicmda 25 ft.ve&wtr)
Water wells serving the farm Pr02MY 100 feet 100 feet
Water welts not serving the farm 2roperty 100 feet 100 feet
100 year flood plain Not Allowed Not Allowed
?=This setback has not been confirmed,but it is considered a good recommendation.
+=Typical right-of-ways from secondary roads in NC is 30 feet from the center line of the road. This means to
stay 25 feet away from the right of way or a total of 55 feet from the center line of the road. The engineer would
suggest a buffer of at least 75 feet from public road right-of-ways if using big gun irrigation to avoid unpleasant
accidents, especially in windy conditions. 50 feet from center line is recommended if using a "honey wagon" to
broadcast near public road right-of-ways.
++= A light application of effluent over grass water ways to maintain a good grass cover is acceptable. This is
different from deep groundwater lowering ditches or very steep water ways. Use good judgment and plan this
type of activity away from rain events. Do not irrigate in wet lands. Do not heavily apply waste in valleys which
are subject to high rainfall run off or in wet weather drainage ways. 100 feet buffers from perennial water (i.e.
blue line streams)are recommended by the engineer for all fields that are steep or difficult.
8

[, LRIVER CAWME
REVISED ,2003
Miscellaneous Site Details
There are no dwellings, structures, roads, or bridges between any of the Little River Farm lagoons and
the nearest named creek or branch. However, State Road# 1543 would likely be flooded if there was a
complete lagoon dike failure. If a complete dike failure were to occur, some effluent would flow along
the roadside ditch and eventually into Discus Creek, but no bridges or houses would be immediately
threatened. State Road # 1543 is not a heavily traveled road.
Prevailing winds are typically from the southwest and blow toward the northeast. There are no high
density residential developments, hospitals, schools, or parks immediately northeast of the Little River
Farm parcel but some individual dwellings do exist in the nearby community. The land application of
waste should not be inhibited by these nearby dwellings as long as all precautions and safeguards are
followed.
The engineer did not observe any unusual natural or archeological features at the farm. No endangered
or threatened wildlife species were noted or reported. All of the land proposed to receive animal waste
has been in agricultural production for many years.
Animal Populations and Related Information
Swine waste will be removed from the houses by water and either flushed or drained into the lagoon
system. Little River Farm will land apply a liquid swine effluent onto crops as a means of waste
management. There will be anaerobic lagoon sludge to land apply sometime in the future which will
also be land applied onto crops (on or off the farm proper). Without a detailed sludge analysis, the
engineer sees little reason to dwell on sludge management, however a few estimates on sludge
production, sludge nitrogen content, etc. will be briefly discussed later in this document.
TABLE 3
LITTLE RIVER FARM LIVESTOCK SUMMARY
OLD --Farrow-to-Feeder Operation 500 sows 522 pounds/sow=26L000 cards
NEW —Wean-to-Feeder(nursery) eration 8,700 i s 30 curds/ ig=261,000 pounds
Change In Steady State Live Wei ht NO CHANGE
BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITTLE RIVER FARM LAGOONS
General
Little River Farm has two lagoons. The upper lagoon has been in place since the farm was first built.
EES was not part of the original lagoon design or construction efforts at this farm and does not have
any of the original design documentation. The second stage or lower lagoon was completely rebuilt in
1997-1998 per a design provided by EES. The second stage lagoon now meets current NRCS
guidelines and affords the farm added safety and storage. For brevity, only the pertinent design
information about the lagoon system will be given herein. Original details on the second stage lagoon
expansion can be viewed in previous engineering documentation.
All wastewater generated on the farm goes directly into the first stage lagoon by gravity. Water flows
out of lagoon 1 (upper lagoon) via gravity into the second stage lagoon (lower lagoon). Eventually
9

UITLL RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE.2003
wastewater is irrigated out of the second lagoon on to growing crops. Liquid transfer pipe outlets from
the houses terminate below the water surface within the first stage lagoon.
Both lagoons at this farm are somewhat rectangle in surface area and trapezoidal in cross section. The
second stage anaerobic lagoon at this farm has no outlet and its water level will vary with wastewater
generation, irrigation, and rainfall. The first stage lagoon water level remains constant. The interior of
lagoon # 1 could not be viewed because of existing effluent but the original interior shape was
approximated from measurements that were taken in 1995. The second stage lagoon has an imported
clay liner which was compacted as it was installed. The second stage lagoon has been staked to show
the minimum and maximum water levels.
Significant sludge accumulation will only take place in the upper lagoon. Detailed discussions on
lagoon design are beyond the scope of this CAWMP revision so the reader should refer to earlier
lagoon design documents to see a detailed explanation of how these lagoons were sized. However,
critical lagoon volumes will be reviewed within this document to make sure they are compatible with the
new animal mix. EES has not evaluated the old lagoon earthen dike for stability or compaction.
The reader can see Exhibit 4 for a general layout of the barns and lagoon system. Exhibits 5 and 6 show
graphs of the volume vs. depth of each lagoon.
Lagoon System Summary
Lagoon design information and rational has been developed for this farm in past documents and will not
be re-discussed herein, except to say that sludge estimates have been revised for this package based on
the NRCS technical specifications practice 633. Table 4 shows a summary of the upper lagoon
volume/depth information and Table 5 shows a summary of the lower lagoon volume/depth information.
This data was derived using earlier design documents plus new considerations for the use of the
lagoons. These values should be taken as close approximations. These tables were developed using
the following assumptions:
• All sludge will accumulate inside the upper lagoon.
• There is no significant amount of surface water inflow to either lagoon.
• A single 25 year- 24 hour storm is approximately 6.3 inches for the Little River Farm area.
• Animal numbers will not exceed the values within this report, i.e. 8,700 nursery pigs.
• Animal waste volume and nitrogen content are based on "book values" and not actual field data.
Said values were taken from NCSU Cooperative Extension publications, NRCS Technical Guide
633, etc.
• Waste accumulation for any six month period is assumed the same, i.e. the same wastewater and
rainfall accumulation was used for each month of the year.
• All water storage occurs in the lower lagoon.
10

L=E RIVER CAWMP
REVISEDN -,2003
TABLE 4
A SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LAGOON VOLUME AND DEPTH ESTIMATES FOR
THE UPPER LAGOON (approximate values
Added Estimated Total Liquid Added Volume By Cumulative
Depth+ Depth Measured From This Component Volume
The Lagoon Bottom
(feet) (feet) (gallons) (gallons)
5 Year Sludge Allowance 3.55 3.55 292,842 292,842
DesignTreatment Volume * 4.75 8.30 631,570 924,412
Maximum Six Month Storage 0 8.30 0 924,412
Including Surface In-flow++
Extra Storage Zone++ 0 8.30 0 924,412
25 Year-24 Hour Storm++ 0 8.30 - 0 924,412
Freeboard... 1 9.30 0 N/A
+ The depth and volume values shown in this table are based on measurements taken at the lagoon site and are only
approximate. EES did not design this lagoon.
++ All excess wastewater storage will occur in the second stage lagoon. There is no surface inflow assumed for these
lagoons.
* The calculated value for the design treatment volume for this many animals is 1,952,280 gallons. Due to the existing
size limitation of this lagoon, it is not possible to achieve the total desired numnumi design volume. But since there is a
second stage lagoon to continue anaerobic treatment and help polish the water,this value is assumed satisfactory.
+++This is the space between the top of the dam and the invert of the primary overflow pipe that transfers waste between
lagoons.
TABLE 5
A SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LAGOON VOLUME AND DEPTH ESTIMATES FOR
THE LOWER LAGOON
Added Total Liquid Depth Added Volume By Cumulative Volume
Depth Measured From The This Component (gallons)
(feet) Lagoon Bottom (gallons)
(feet)
5 Year Sludge Allowance 0 0.00 0 0
Design Treatment Volume+ 6.0 6.00 650,000 650,000
6 Months Of Storage including 4.5 10.50 976,140 1,626,140
Any Surface Inflow++
Extra Storage Zone 1.2 11.70 402,534 2,028,674
25 Year-24 Hour Storm 1.15 12.85 347,663 2,376,337
Normal Freeboard(Heavy 1.15 14.00 347,663 2,724,000
Rainfall Factor) *
Emergency Freeboard+++ LO 15.00 N/A N/A
+ This second stage lagoon will serve mainly for storage, but since the upper lagoon is smaller than required, 6 feet of
treatment depth will be maintained in this lagoon to facilitate anaerobic activity and effluent treatment.
++The typical design value for excess waste storage is 6 months, but (his value can sometimes be less. All waste and
excess rainfall is stored in this lagoon There is no surface inflow assumed for these lagoons.
* Heavy Storm Allowance. This is a second 25 Year-24 how stool.
+++This is the space that is never wet. It is between the top of the dam and the emergency overflow.
11

=LF,RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
Lagoon Water Level Markers
A permanent type water level marker shall be installed inside each lagoon or waste storage pond (i.e.
where the water level will fluctuate) to mark important liquid levels. The farmer may use some type of
pole inside each lagoon so the operator can tell at a glance the current water level. This measuring
device should be well marked and be of a design which best serves the operator's purpose. An example
would be a vertically mounted 2 or 3 inch white PVC pipe with tees positioned at important water
levels. As an alternative the farmer may set a pressure treated post in the lagoon bottom, in a vertical
position, and install wooden or galvanized markers at important lagoon levels. Each important marker
point should be distinct to easily identify the various levels. If possible the upper end of the pole should
be marked in 6 inch increments. The top of the pole should be level with the top or invert of the
emergency overflow. It should also clearly show the pump-on level and the pump-off level as a
minimum. The pole shall be anchored in a fixed position and not vary with water level. Exhibits 5 and 6
show graphs of the lagoon water levels and depths along with important water levels.
TABLE 6
IMPORTANT WATER LEVELS INSIDE LITTLE RIVER FARM' LAGOONS
START PUMPING AT OR STOP PUMPING AT LEAST BY
BEFORE HERE HERE
POND ID (FEET BELOW OVERFLOW) (FEET BELOW OVERFLOW)
Upper Lagoon Old Not Applicable Not A221icable
Lower Lagoon (New) 2.3 + 8
+= Storage for two 25 Year- 24 Hour Storms (6.3 inches each) is available between here and overflow. Only wider
emergency situations should the farmer let the water level inside the lagoon get closer than 2.3 feet to the emergency
overflow invert. The lower lagoon also holds all the stormwatcr from the upper lagoon.
NUTRIENT PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL MANURE AND ITS USE ON CROPS
Annual Excess Wastewater Production
Surface water run-off into either lagoon at Little River Farm is assumed to be zero for estimating annual
wastewater production. All wastewater production will come from the animal confinement buildings or
from rainfall directly onto the lagoon surfaces. Table 7 shows a summary of the anticipated wastewater
production that must eventually be land applied. Table 7 was developed using NRCS book values and
does not account for unusually wet or dry seasons, excessive waste produced by the animals, etc.
TABLE 7
ANNUAL WASTEWATER PRODUCTION ESTIMATES FOR LAND APPLICATION
FARMING COMPONENT TOTAL STEADY ESTIMATED ESTIMATED
STATE LIVE I ANNUAL MONTHLY
WEIGHT VOLUME VOLUME
8,700 nurse i s+ 261,000 pounds 1 1,952,280 gallons 162,690 gallons
+ Total wastewater production was estimated for this Farm by assuming 1 cubic feet of water production per year
per pound of SSLW. One cubic foot of water equals 7.48 gallons.
Sludge Production And Removal
Accumulated sludge will be removed from the first stage lagoon at Little River Farm as needed, but
most likely on a 5 or 6 year rotation. All NPDES permitted operations will need to measure their
12

U=E RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE.2003
sludge accumulation annually. Sludge removal will be required anytime the sludge accumulation in a
given lagoon reduces the design treatment volume depth to less than 4 feet (average). The amount of
sludge and its composition will need to be estimated and addressed at that time to accurately plan its
land application. Proper sludge measuring and sampling techniques can be found in the Cooperative
Extension Service publication# AG 604. Waste analyses, volume estimates, sludge removal technique,
crop productions, etc. will all play a factor in sludge removal and application; all of which are factors
that can not be accurately determined at this time. Areas to receive sludge will need a soils analysis
performed within 24 months of the application event and a soils analysis after the last waste application
prior to the sludge application. In general, sludge applications should not occur on fields that routinely
receive animal waste (i.e. effluent). Sludge applied to conventionally tilled bare soil should be soil
incorporated within 2 days of application.
Table 8 shows the estimated sludge volume at the end of 5 years assuming the farm starts with a zero
balance. Table 8 was developed using NRCS book values.
TABLES
ANAEROBIC LAGOON SLUDGE 5 YEAR PRODUCTION ESTIMATES
FARMING COMPONENT TOTAL STEADY I ESTIMATED 5 ESTIMATED
STATE LIVE YEAR VOLUME YEARLY
WEIGHT VOLUME
8,700 nurse ins+ 261,000 pounds 292,842 allons 58,568 gallons
+ Total 5 year sludge production was estimated for this faint by using MRCS Conservation Practice Standard 633. For
nursery pigs this is about 6.7 gallons per head per year or 0.9 cubic feet per head per year.
Nutrient Discussions
Once animal waste is collected and stored in a lagoon it starts going through chemical and biological
changes. Temporary waste storage ponds may also offer some nutrient breakdown but not to the extent
of lagoons since waste storage ponds are not specifically designed for treatment. Microbial digestion,
volatilization, etc. all contribute to nutrient reductions in the raw manure. Partially digested animal
manure contains considerable nitrogen as well as other macronutrients such as calcium, phosphorous,
potassium, etc. In addition the animal waste contains many micronutrients such as copper, zinc, iron,
etc. Currently only nitrogen is considered as the limiting nutrient factor for the land application of
animal waste, but in the future other nutrients may become the limiting components. The farmer must
perform annual soil tests for copper and zinc. Below the reader will find various nutrients discussed.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a fundamental part of all life on earth. It is used in relatively large amounts by most living
things. Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere (in a gas form) but is relatively rare in
rocks, minerals, and soils. Atmospheric nitrogen is very stable and not readily plant available.
Organisms tend to use up nitrogen quickly in a natural setting, thus making it relatively scarce. Under
natural conditions nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant production. Most plants respond more to
nitrogen applications than to other types of nutrients. Plants must have nitrogen in the inorganic form
(i.e. nitrate and ammonia ions) for assimilation. However we often find nitrogen in a gas form (i.e.
atmospheric N) or in organic form (i.e. like in animal waste), neither form being readily available to
plants. Organic nitrogen found in animal waste must first be converted to an inorganic form. Organic
13

Lri-tLERIVERCAw P
REVISED NNE,2003
nitrogen is most often converted to inorganic forms by microbial action. Nitrogen that is available in a
form plants can use is called Plant Available Nitrogen or P.A.N.
Nitrogen is essential in chlorophyll production and in the formation of amino acids and proteins. For
crop production, nitrogen can come from commercial fertilizer, nitrogen fixing bacteria (legumes), or
from organic matter like animal waste. Plant Available Nitrogen or P.A.N. in animal waste is usually
estimated by an equation. Many laboratories like NCDA provide P.A.N. estimations for the client when
they perform a waste analysis. P.A.N. can vary from waste sample to waste sample and is thus most
reliably estimated by using an average of actual test results. When using actual test data the engineer
uses the averaging procedure described in the NC Cooperative Extension Publication AG-439-42.
When actual test data is not available, the designer can use standard design numbers (i.e. book values)
such as those issued by the N.C. Cooperative Extension Service, NRCS publications, etc. Book values
are often used if there are not at least 3 consecutive years of NCDA waste analyses to average.
If the grower has requested and obtained a P.A.N. reduction and/or an acreage reduction based on
publication AG-439-42 computations, but experiences excessively high lagoon levels or over-
application of P.A.N. for 3 out of 5 years, or for 2 consecutive years, he/she may need to revert back to
the original P.A.N. application schedule. At least the grower should have a technical specialist re-
evaluate the modified P.A.N. application program for accuracy. .
As a word of caution, NCDA waste testing is only as reliable as the care with which the sample is
retrieved. Therefore the farmer should take extreme care to collect representative waste samples.
The same would be true for soil sampling. See Exhibit 10 for waste sampling instructions.
iThe old wastewater test data for Little River Farm might not be reliable or representative of the new
operation since the animal mix is changing. Therefore the engineer is ignoring old test data. The
engineer has chosen to base nitrogen production estimates on a per head basis from NRCS
j Conservation Practice Standard 633. Table 9 shows estimates of future P.A.N. production using book
values.
TABLE 9
ESTIMATED ANNUAL P.A.N. PRODUCTION FROM LITTLE RIVER FARM LAGOON
EFFLUENT
WASTE NUMBER OF P.A.N.PER UNIT FOR ANAEROBIC TOTAL P.A.N. PRODUCTION
SOURCE ANIMALS LAGOON EFFLUENT ANNUALLY FROM LAGOON
USING NRCS BOOK VALUES EFFLUENT-BEST ESTIMATE
(pounds/head/year) (pounds/year)
(Irrigated) (Irri aced)
Weanling-to- 8,700 0A8 4,176
feeder operation
As mentioned earlier, predicting the quantity and quality of lagoon sludge in advance is nothing more
than a best guess. The engineer does not wish to spend much time in this package predicting possible
sludge amounts, making exact crop selections for sludge applications, or identifying fields to receive
sludge. However, the engineer will produce some educated guesses on available P.A.N. from sludge so
the farmer can be thinking about where such an amount of sludge might be placed in the future.
Additional information on sludge utilization will appear later in this document.
14

UTrIERIVERCAN P
REVISED AZE,2003
TABLE 10
ESTIMATED 5 YEAR P.A.N. PRODUCTION FROM LITTLE RIVER FARM LAGOON
SLUDGE
WASTE NUMBEROF P.A.N.PER UNIT FOR TOTAL P.A.N. TOTAL P.A.N.
SOURCE ANIMALS THIS TYPE WASTE PRODUCTION PRODUCTION OVER
USING MRCS BOOK ANNUALLY-BEST 5 YEARS-BEST
VALUES ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
(pouuds03ea1/year) (pounds/year) (pounds)
(Broadcast) (Broadcast) (Broadcast)
Weanling-to- 8,700 0.076 661 3,305
feeder operation
Copper And Zinc
j Copper and zinc are trace metals (heavy metals) often found in animal type waste in small amounts.
Plants must have a limited amount of these metals in order to thrive. Copper is involved in plant
enzyme systems, protein synthesis, seed formation, chlorophyll production, etc. Zinc is involved in
starch formation, protein synthesis, root development, etc. If applied to soil in high quantities year after
year, copper and zinc can accumulate and may eventually reach high enough levels to become toxic to
plants (phytotoxic). Different plants have different tolerances for these metals. Harmful metal
accumulation levels will also depend on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Tables 11 and
12 show these two metals and relative harmful levels.
The land owner or operator should always try to keep the heavy metal levels as low as possible. NRCS,
DWQ, etc. recommends that no more than 1/20 of the lifetime metals allowance be applied in any one
year, especially if the application is an on-going event. Soil test data will show existing metal levels and
the CEC of the soil. In general the higher the CEC the more the soil can tolerate metals. Ideally soils
should test for copper indexes (Cu-I) no more than 700 to 1,000, and zinc indexes (Zn-I) no more than
700 to 1,000. Soil tests for copper and zinc must be taken at least annually. See Exhibit 12 for more
details about copper and zinc.
TABLE 11
RECOMMENDED CUMULATIVE LIMITS FOR METALS OF MAJOR CONCERN APPLIED TO
AGRICULTURAL CROP LAND
Soil Cation Exchange Capacity,me /too rat+
<5 5to 15 >15
Metal kg/ha lb./ac kg1lia Ib./ac k ha Ib./ac
Lead(Pb) 560 500 1,120 1,000 2,240 2,000
Zinc(Zm 280 250 560 500 1,120 1,000
Copper(Cm 140 In 280 250 560 500
Nickel Ni) 140 125 280 250 560 500
Cadmium(Cd) 5 4.4 10 9 20 17.8
+ Ref. USDA and EPA adopted guidelines, 1977. Soil should be maintained at a pH of about 6 for most crop types.
15

L=I.e RIVERcnwmm
REVISED NNE,2003
TABLE 12
NCDA SOIL INDEX NUMBERS FOR COPPER AND ZINC#
METAL NCDA SOIL TEST RECOMMENDED ACTION
INDEX
Zinc 300 Limit application on peanuts. Maintain soil pH > 6.0
500 Cease application on Rearnat land. Maintain soil RH > 6.0
2000 Caution: Seek alternative site(all crops). Maintain soil pH > 6.0
3000 Cease application(all crops). Maintain soil pli > 6.0
Copper 2000 Caution: Seek alternative site(all crops). Maintain soil pH > 6.0
3000 1 Cease a lication(all crops). Maintain soil 2H > 6.0
#This table was taken from the Seventh Guidance Memo from the 1217 Interagency Group dated 1-9-01.
Phosphorus and Potassium
Phosphorus is found in various concentrations in all types of animal waste. Phosphorous is a key
element to ensure good crop health. Its effect on crop growth is not as dramatic as nitrogen or
potassium, but the lack of it can cause plant stunting, poor seed formation, and reduced crop yields.
Phosphorous levels in animal type waste will vary depending on many factors so testing will always be
required. Often the operator will land apply phosphorus in amounts beyond what can be taken up by
plants. High phosphorus levels are(typically) more of a problem for surface transport to streams than it
is a problem for plants. This is because the phosphorous strongly attaches itself to soil particles.
Therefore the operator must be very cautious about surface run-off and soil erosion from fields into
streams or creeks. Good buffer strips and erosion controls will help keep phosphorus from getting into
streams.
The reader should also note that recent studies have shown that phosphorous can be forced into the
groundwater (or washed to surface waters) if it is repeatedly applied to phosphorous saturated land. In
the near future the NRCS, DWQ and others will likely adopt more strict guidelines on phosphorous
loading. For now it is best to try and manage phosphorous loadings and minimize its off-site transport.
See Exhibit 12 for more details about phosphorus.
Potassium is also found in animal manure and is a very important element for plant growth. Plants use
potassium in quantities similar to their use of nitrogen. The lack of potassium can cause plant stress,
defoliation, or death. Potassium is less mobile in soil than nitrogen but more mobile than potassium.
Sandy soils tend to loose potassium more readily than clay soils. Maintaining good soil pH and organic
matter will help keep potassium from moving below the plant root zone. Potassium is not thought to be
as environmentally damaging as phosphorous. Good buffer strips and erosion controls will help keep
phosphorus from getting into streams from run-off. See Exhibit 12 for more details about potassium.
Sodium
Sodium is a naturally occurring element in many soils. Adding sodium to soils through wastewater can
also cause excessive sodium buildups over time. High sodium additions to clay soils tend to disperse
the clay particles which in turn fill the soil voids. Clay particle dispersion will cause the soil surface to
become hard and will severely restrict air and water infiltration, not to mention the stress (or death) it
affords plant life. Adding high amounts of sodium can be done safely if it is balanced with calcium or
16

L[ITLE RIVER CAW W
REVISED NNE,2003
magnesium or potassium. Such additions tend to keep the soil pores open and allows water and air
movement.
Sodium can cause problems with foliage burn, but this is more of a temporary problem unless the plants
are completely killed. Foliage damage can be minimized by applying high sodium water early or late in
the day, or when temperatures are below 80 degrees F, or on cool cloudy days. Also, fresh water
irrigation soon after sodium wastewater applications can assist with foliage protection. Clay dispersion
problems in soil are the more long term problem. High sodium content wastes, if regularly land applied,
can cause sodium to accumulate in the soil profile and cause the problems mentioned above. Drought
stress on plants is also a concern in addition to the permeability problem. Fresh water due to rain or
irrigation tends to wash the sodium (and chlorides) out of the root zone and thus relieve any adverse
effects over time. However, if balanced with lime or gypsum, sodium problems due to particle
dispersion can be avoided.
Scientists use several equations to evaluate the potential effect of sodium on a soil. One of these tools
is called the Sodium Adsorption Ratio or S.A.R. This ratio looks at a balance between sodium,
calcium and magnesium to see if the ratios are out of balance. The higher the S.A.R. the more out-of-
balance the ratio of sodium is to the calcium and magnesium. Calcium and magnesium tend to negate
the effects of sodium on clay particle dispersion. A wastewater or residual with a S.A.R. of 10 or less is
usually safe to apply on clay soils. S.A.R.s of between 10 and 15 may cause problems. S.A.R.s over 15
offer significant risk to clay soils. Sandy soils do not have as much of a problem with clay dispersion as
do clay type soils thus high S.A.R. values are not as critical. However, sodium can cause drought
conditions for plants growing in sandy soils regardless of clay dispersion. The equation for S.A.R. is:
0.5
S.A.R= (Na milli-equivalent)/ [(0.5 x(Ca milli-equivalent +Mg milli-equivalent)]
There is no reliable sodium test data for the proposed waste at Little River Farm thus it is impossible to
predict sodium levels or derive an S.A.R. However, most types of animal waste from confined livestock
operations do not have high S.A.R. values.
Other Elements In The Waste
Without analytical test data it is impossible to know at what levels other nutrients will occur in the Little
River Farm anaerobic waste. However, the engineer believes the effluent should be more or less typical
swine effluent. Exhibits 12 & 13 contain the typical nutrients found in swine effluent. Future test
results should always be viewed for elevations in heavy metals, sodium, etc.
SOILS AND SOIL TEST INFORMATION
Estimating Nutrient Application Rates
There is no more important task in the utilization of animal waste than to properly apply it on a
particular crop at rates which the plants can utilize. Over application can cause nutrients to be washed
off to surface water or leached into ground water, and under application can result in a poor crop
growth. Proper application amounts are known as "agronomic rates". The proper agronomic rates can
17

L=ERIVERCAw V
REVISED TUNE,2003
vary from season to season, by crop types, by soil types, by topography, by short term weather
conditions, by crop combinations, etc. These values are not to be confused with potential Hydraulic
loadings. Hydraulic loadings will be discussed in another section. The key factor to remember is to not
apply nutrients to crops in excess of their ability to utilize these nutrients or in excess of the soil's water
(hydraulic) acceptance rates.
A soil survey map is attached as Exhibit 7 showing the outline of Little River Farm. This map shows
soil types found around the proposed land application fields. Different soil types will often have
different crop yields and different water acceptance rates as already discussed above.
The proper application of animal manure onto crops must be a well thought out and planned event.
Planning for the waste application must be done in advance of the need for the nutrients. In order to do
the job right the farmer must collect waste samples for analysis and soil samples for analysis in advance
of irrigation and/or broadcasting. If sludge or slurry is scheduled for removal it too should be sampled
and its nutrient values factored into the land application program. See Exhibits 9 and 10 for soil and
waste sampling instructions. Make sure you collect representative samples. For instance, if you are
going to apply slurry make sure your sample is taken as a slurry.
If long term waste analyses are available the farmer should take 3 to 5 years of data and use these
numbers for averaging P.A.N. See the NC Cooperative Extension Service Publication titled "Use of
On-Farm Records for Modifying a Certified Animal Waste Management Plan", pub. # AG-439-42 for
additional instructions for this averaging. Also, if farm water use records are available, these should
likewise be averaged. Since test data was not available for the new mix of animals at Little River Farm,
the engineer used book values to estimate P.A.N.,water volumes, etc.
Soil Testing Considerations
Most of the crop land receiving animal waste at Little River Farm has been used for agricultural
production for years. It is important to collect and test soil samples from all land receiving animal waste
yearly. In the future the farmer should keep all records according to the field numbers within this
document if the soils are obviously different or if agronomic practices will be different between fields.
Below are some comments on NCDA soil analyses in general.
I. As a reminder, any NCDA soil report is only one "snap-shot" of the soil conditions. Remember to
collect soil samples annually. Past soil test results should be kept by the operator and compared to
new test results. Look for trends or increasing levels of metals.
2. Many times soil tests show that soils need lime due to low soil pH. For most crops the soil pH
should be kept around 6 for mineral soils, around 5.5 for mineral-organic soils, and around 5.0 for
organic soils. Lime quantities are shown on each report segregated by soil test. The soil type(s) at
Little River Farm are most likely mineral type soils and will need occasional lime.
3. Land applied nutrients from animal waste are not 100 percent available to a crop in the first year.
Some of the nutrients applied this year will become available next year for next years crops.
Detailed discussions about nutrient mineralization and residuals are beyond the scope of this report.
Collect soil samples early enough to study the results before planting crops.
4. The nitrogen requirements shown on these reports are based on agronomic book values and are not
true test results. This means the farmer must go back to nitrogen records to look at possible
18

LMLE RIVER CAw P
REVISED NNE,2003
nitrogen applications for the upcoming growing season and compare the records to the
recommendations within the latest CAWMP.
5. The phosphorous index (P-I) and the potassium index (K-I) are measurements of the amount of
these minerals in the soil as compared to what plants typically need. In other words, the crops
would not respond with increase health, yield, or growth by adding more of these elements. All farm
soils should be guarded from erasion to prevent surface water impacts, especially if they have high
phosphorous or potassium indexes. When the P-I index begins to exceed 150 it is a good idea to
minimize phosphorous applications to just the amount the crops can remove. If P-I values in a
particular field continue to be greater than 300, this field and its waste application practices should
be evaluated by a crop or soil specialist.
6. The copper index (Cu-1) and the zinc index (Zn-I) are measurements of the amount of these metals
in the soil as compared to what plants typically need. Copper and zinc indexes are discussed above.
While some crops are more sensitive to metals than are others. When the Cu-I index begins to
exceed 1,000 it is a good idea to minimize copper applications or try to find some other fields for
animal waste. When the Zn-I index begins to exceed 1,000 it is a good idea to minimize zinc
applications or try to find some other fields for animal waste. See Table 12 for a listing of soil
index precautions related to copper and zinc.
7. Past soil test results should be kept by the operator and compared to new test results. Look for
trends or increasing levels of metals. When collecting soil samples, closely follow the soil sample
instructions found in Exhibit 9. Never use galvanized or metal buckets or galvanized tools when
collecting soil samples since these can cause the zinc levels to show artificially high.
A Brief Discussion On Soil Test Results
Routine soil testing is very important for land application sites to give the operator feedback about soil
conditions. The soil test is representative of the conditions of the soil in everything but nitrogen.
Nitrogen is estimated based on typical plant needs and is not reported as a tested value by NCDA.
Generally speaking, soil chemistry does not change rapidly. Always keep soil data on file for historical
reviews.
Exhibit 11 shows the most recent soil information available to the engineer. This test is dated 8-20-02.
For brevity the engineer will let the reader view Exhibit 11 for himselflhersetf Samples LRI, LR2, and
LR3 were all collected where crops are being grown using Little River Farm waste. In large
agricultural fields, the farmer should keep all records according to the field numbers within this
document. While these soil reports are only "snap-shots" of the soil conditions from year to year, the
following basic comments can be made:
1. Fields LR2 and LR3 need lime in order to maintain the proper pH. Keeping the soil pH near neutral
(i.e. neutral is 7) will help keep metals immobile and provide a proper plant growth acidity level.
The swine effluent from the anaerobic lagoon already contains some calcium and magnesium which
could account for some of the annual lime needs. Always collect soil samples annually to verify the
correct lime needs. The soil pH values shown for Fields LR2 and LR3 are rather acid, falling
between 5.7 and 5.0 respectively.
2. In terms of crop utilization and benefits, there is a not a need for potassium (i.e. potash) or
phosphorous according to the latest soil test results. Field LR2 shows the highest level of
phosphorous. While it is difficult to minimize P or K in animal waste application efforts, the
19

L=RIVER CAV P
REVISED NNE,2003
engineer would recommend spreading out the application over the entire crop land to minimize any
concentrated loadings.
3. According to the latest soil report there is not a need to add copper or zinc to the soils at the farm in
terms of crop production. In fact future loading of these metals should be minimized to avoid plant
phytotoxicity problems since these metals are not quickly removed by plants. Exhibit I 1 shows that
copper and zinc indexes are getting to levels that need to be monitored. Sample number LR2 tested
highest for copper and zinc. The engineer would recommend collecting an array of soil samples in
the vicinity of LR2, have them tested at the NCDA lab, and develop a profile or map of where the
highest levels of copper and zinc exist. Try to avoid or at least minimize the application of animal
waste on these areas if possible. Review Table 12 for more data on copper and zinc indexes. Make
sure you keep the soils in these areas limed according to the NCDA recommendations.
4. Due to nutrient build-up concerns, do not apply sludge to any of the Little River Farm fields.
5. As mentioned above, where soil indexes test high, minimize or eliminate all animal waste
applications. Remember to fertilize these areas with a specifically formulated commercial nitrogen
predominate fertilizer to encourage crop growth. The crops will remove some of the stored P, K,
Cu, and Zn and help reverse the upward trends.
6. It would be helpful to review historical soil test results for Little River Farm and see if there are
trends of increasing metals over the last 5 to 8 years.
Soils To Receive Waste
The soils information presented within this document was obtained from soil survey maps. Exhibits 7
and 8 show USDA1/NRCS soils information for Little River Farm (Montgomery County). The soil
survey map shows several types of soils in the fields around the farm complex. According to these
sources the predominate soil series to be used in receiving animal waste are:
1) Badin - Tatum Complex, 475B (or TaB)=2 to 8 % slopes, 475C (or TaQ = 8 to 15 % slopes,
475D (or TaD) = 15 to 25% slopes.
Soil Index Number ....__.................. ..............._.......... 15 (most probable)
Soil Management Group (SMG) ....................._.......... 113
Most Restrictive Permeability Zone In Top 24 Inches.. 0.6 in/hr. (approx.)
Most Restrictive Permeability Zone Below 24 Inches... 0.6 in/hr. (approx.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ................. Bare Soil = 0.30 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ................. On Crop= 0.35 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Short Duration Application Rate ................. On Crop = 0.45 Inches/Hour
"Design"Moisture Use Rate (Maximum-Hay) ..........- 0.24 Inches/Day
Max. Fresh Water Irrigation During Peak ET-Hay ....... Every 3 to 5 Days
Application Amount Range For Animal Waste ............. 0.25 to 0.75 inches +
20

Lr=LE RIVER CAW W
REVISED NNE,2003
2) 45ZB (or BgB) --Badin - Goldston Complex, 2 to 8 percent slope
Soil Index Number ....................._...................... ..._... 15 (most probable)
Soil Management Group SMG 109
Most Restrictive Permeability Zone In Top 24 Inches.. 0.6 in/hr. (approx.)
Most Restrictive Permeability Zone Below 24 Inches... 0.6 in/hr. (approx.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ................. Bare Soil = 0.30 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Long Duration Application Rate ................. On Crop= 0.35 In./Hr. (Avg.)
Maximum Short Duration Application Rate ................. On Crop= 0.45 Inches/Hour
"Design"Moisture Use Rate Maximum-Ha 0.24 Inches/Da
Max. Fresh Water Irrigation During Peak ET-Hay ....... Every 3 to 5 Days
Application Amount Range For Animal Waste .........._- 0.25 to 0.75 inches+
+ Approximate maximum irrigation in one cycle in Piedmont using animal waste- (Hay crop).
Application amounts may be lower than 0.75 inches during cool or wet seasons, and could be slightly
higher in very warm and dry conditions (maybe up to I inch). Highest value assumes a 75% irrigation
efficiency and would only be possible in hot and dry weather conditions on slopes less than 8 %. Steeper
slopes or cool weather applications will require less intensive irrigation.
CROP PLANTING AND AGRONOMIC PLANS
General Cropping Descriptions
Discussions between Little River Farm management and the engineer were held to determine their
desire for future crop selection. Little River Farm wishes to grow only a limited variety of crops. The
crops they wish to possibly grow are 1] tall fescue grass (hay) overseeded with pearl millet (hay) -
which will typically be the standard crop selection, or 2] occasionally wheat, oats, barley, or rye (all for
hay) if needed. The reader should understand that the exact mixture of crops to be grown on any field
will depend on the farmer's opinion. In other words, the farmer will plant most of the fields in tall
fescue grass overseeded with pearl millet as the standard year-to-year selection. But if some areas of
the fescue grass become thin prior to fall planting, the farmer can plant winter wheat, oats, barley, or rye
in spots where required. However, due to the competition between fescue grass and small grain crops,
the engineer will not show fescue grass overseeded with any cool season crop. Most likely, any crop
other than fescue grass will only be patchy and not cover an entire field.
The liquid animal waste will be surface applied via a spray irrigation system and via a broadcast wagon.
See Exhibit 4 for proposed irrigation field identifications and broadcast zones. Crops must be planted
within 30 days or be actively growing (i.e. greening) within 30 days of a waste application event.
Table 13 summarizes the various fields to receive animal waste as part of the Little River Farm's
CAWMP. The field sizes shown in Table 13 are the best estimate the engineer can give based on aerial
photographs and on-site measurements. Slight changes to field borders should not significantly change
wettable acres,
The crops shown in Table 13 are proposed. The farmer has flexibility in changing the crop
combinations if needed, but records must be kept to show what was grown on each field, how much
yield was obtained, and how much waste applied. Changing a crop combination or rotation does not
mean changing crop types beyond those listed in Table 13. A revision to this CAWMP will be needed if
21

LITrLU RIVLR C.AWMP
REVISED 3t1NE,2003
the crop types are altered. Little River Farm can only take P.A.N. removal credits for crops harvested
and removed from the fields. Burning hay bales or other crops is not allowed.
TABLE 13
DATA FOR THE CROP FIELDS AT LITTLE RIVER FARM
Field Total Field Irrigatiou Pull Predominate Crop Type Or Rotations To Slopes Within
No. Acres After Or Broadcast Soil Type Be Grown Fields+
Buffers Zone (Predominate
Remoyed + Avers eSlo c
Field 1 See Total Broadcast Badin-Goldston tall fescue grass(hay), pearl 2 to 8%
(FI) Complex mullet(hay),wheat(hay),oats (5%)
(hay),barley(hay),rve(hay)
Field 2 See Total Irrigation Badin-Tatun tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 2 to 8%
(172) Complex mullet(hay),wheat(hay),oats (6%)
(hay),barley(hay), ryc(hay)
Field 3 See Total Irrigation Badin-Tatum tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 2 to 10%
(F3) Complex millet(hay),wheat(hay), oats (7%)
(hay),barley(hay). rye(hay)
Field 4 See Total Irrigation Badin-Tanim tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 15 to 25%
(174) Complex mullet(hay),wheat(hay),oats ( 16%)
(bay),barley(hay), rye(hay)
Field 5 See Total Irrigation Badin-Tatum tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 8 to 15 %
(F5) Complex millet(hay),wheat(hay),oats ( 11 %)
(hay),barley(Iraq), rvc(hay)
Field 6 See Total Irrigation Badin-Tatun tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 2 to 8
(176) Complex mullet(hay),when(fray),oats ( 5 ON
(hay),bade (ha ),ge(hay)
Field 7 See Total Broadcast Badin-Tatum tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 15 to 25 %
(F7) Complex millet(hay),wheat(hay),oats ( 18%)
(hay),barley(ha c(hay)
Field 8 See Team Broadcast Badin-Tatum tail fescue grass(hay),pearl 8 to 15%
(178) Complex nutlet(hay),wheat(hay),oats ( 1 l %)
(hay),baree (hay).ge(hay)
Field 9 See Total Broadcast Badin-Tatum tall fescue grass(hay),pearl 2 to 15 %
(F9) Complex millet(hay),wheat(hay), oats (R%)
(hay),barley(hay), rve(tray)
Field 10 See Total Broadcast Badin-Tatum tall fescue grass(hay), pearl 2 to 8%
(Flo) Complex millet(hay), wheat(hay),oats (5%)
(hay),barley(hay), rve(hay)
To 34.22
+ Field slopes topographic maps and soils maps. Wettable acres are shown in another table. This value is approximate.
Below there are general descriptions about crop planting, fertilization, Realistic Yield Expectations
(R.Y.E.), harvesting, etc. These are general guidelines and apply mainly to animal waste utilization and
R.Y.E. For more in-depth information about crop planting, harvesting, and agronomic details, the
farmer should refer to seed company recommendations, or those recommended by NCDA, or
recommendations by the NCSU Cooperative Extension Service.
22

UnTIJL RIVER CAW MP
Revisco rung;,snm
Tall Fescue Grass (for hay)
Tall fescue grass is a cool season perennial crop that will be planted on all fields as a rule. The hay will
be harvested and removed for sell to local cattle farmers. The grass is not scheduled for routine
grazing but a few cattle may be stored in these areas for very short periods of time.
Tall fescue will grow when the average weekly air temperature is above 40 degrees F and stop growing
when the daily temperature regularly exceeds 85 degrees F. Tall fescue is best planted between August
25 and September 15 in the Piedmont but may also be planted as early as August 25 and as late as
October 25. A spring planting is also possible between February 15 and March 31. Fescue grass will
grow well on most NC soils, except on the dryer sands. Clay soils tend to be best suited for tall fescue.
Typically, seeding shall take place at 15 to 20 pounds per acre if broadcast and 10 to 15 pounds per
acre if drilled into rows. Seed planting is normally 1/4 to 1/2 inches deep. Future seeding rates shall be
determined by the condition of the poor stand areas and tempered with the grower's past experience.
It may be necessary to reseed fescue in the fall if a heavy overseeded crop shades out the emerging
plants. This can be done on a field by field basis.
When using animal manure or industrial waste as a nitrogen source, the nitrogen can not be applied
more than 1 month before planting a crop or 1 month prior to crop emergence (or greening). The
engineer recommends less time between waste application and planting to avoid unwanted leaching of
the nitrogen below the soon-to-be root zone, especially in sandy soils. Nitrogen can be applied to a
growing fescue crop as needed as long as the total nitrogen applied does not exceed the crop's
demand for that part of the growing cycle.
The engineer will use R.Y.E. to calculate nutrient uptake based on the published "book" values
obtained from the NCSU document called "Realistic Yield Expectations for Soils of North Carolina",
revised in April 2000. Typical nitrogen removal by tall fescue is usually 40 to 50 pounds of N
uptake per ton of harvested crop (dry hay). A typical R.Y.E. for tall fescue on a Badin -
Goldston soil is about 4 tons per acre, and on a Badin - Tatum soil is about 4.5 tons per acre
(both values without regard to field slope or erosion).
Fescue's nutrient uptake is typically greatest in the months from Much to May, with a moderate
uptake from September to November. However, fescue grass can stay green all year in NC, but its
growth is limited during very cold or very hot weather. Start applying fertilizer to fescue around early
to mid February, depending on the average temperatures. Start applying fall fertilizer in early to mid
September, depending on the average temperatures and the condition of overseeded crops (i£present).
Unless summer temperatures are cool, do not apply nitrogen to fescue in late June, July, or August since
it may cause stand thinning. Unless winter temperatures are warm, do not apply nitrogen to fescue in
December and January. Grazing will reduce fescue R.Y.E. by 25 % (not planned at on these fields).
The animal waste application window for tall fescue is from August 1 to July 31, but remember the
cautions about hot and cold weather limitations.
For maximum yield, cut fescue grass when it reaches about 10 to 12 inches in height. Leave about 3
inches of stubble after cutting Cutting it shorter encourages weed growth and may kill stalks of grass.
Regular cutting every four to five weeks during the growing season can be expected provided growing
conditions are suitable. More or less frequent cutting may be necessary. Fescue grass should go into
the warm season with 3 to 4 inches of growth, but no longer since this could interfere with the growth
of any overseeded warm season crop (if applicable). The reader can refer to numerous NCSU
publications for additional crop production details.
23

LI=,RIWR CAWMP
nsvtssDn ,zoos
If tall fescue is overseeded with a warm season crop and the overseeded crop is not cut properly in the
early fall, it can shade the greening fescue and reduce the subsequent yields, possibly requiring patchy
reseeding of the fescue. Therefore it is important to harvest the overseeded crop before it heads or
before fescue greening begins. This often occurs in the mid to late September in the Piedmont, but can
vary depending on the temperatures, rainfall, etc. When overseeding onto fescue, the yields of the
fescue crop and the overseeding crop will be less than those crops grown individually. However their
combined annual yields will be greater than either crop alone.
Harvesting and grazing records should be kept for all crop land receiving animal waste. Record the
number of animals grazing (if applicable) and the time spent on a particular pasture if grazed or the
number and weight of hay bails harvested. When harvesting hay, weigh 10 % of the hay bales at
random and keep the weigh tickets. The number to weigh depends on how uniform the crop tends to be
and the number of bales. The farmer/operator should determine the dry matter being harvested.
Assistance in determining dry matter weights can be obtained from the NC Cooperative Extension
Service. Average the bale weight (of those weighed) and multiply this by the number of harvested
bales times the % dry matter to get the total dry tonnage removed from a field. Regular soil samples
shall be collected and the analysis incorporated into the desired nutrient application plan. Lime
according to the NCDA soil reports but use care when adding supplemental fertilizer since using
wastewater may furnish 100% of the fertilizer needs. Annually the farmer or system operator shall
compare crop removal rates with nutrient application rates and adjust waste applications if required.
Pearl Millet (for hay)
Pearl Millet is a wart season annual crop that the farmer can plant over fescue grass to enhance
nitrogen uptake and extend the potential application months for broadcasting animal manure. Planting
pearl millet over an existing fescue grass is called overseeding. Little River Farm plans to utilize the
harvested hay for sell to dairy or cattle customers. Pearl Mllet can be grazed but it also makes good
hay or silage. The pearl millet is not scheduled for routine grazing but a few cattle may be stored in
these areas for very short periods of time when necessary. Nitrogen removal amounts for pearl millet
hay or silage should be similar.
Pearl Millet performs best in soils with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5 and grows in medium to well drained soils.
Pearl Millet is best planted between May 1 to May 31 but can sometimes be planted from April 25 and
June 30 in the Piedmont Typically, seeding shall take place at 20 to 25 pounds per acre if drilled into
rows or broadcast. Seed planting is normally 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches deep. Future seeding rates shall be
determined by the condition of the poor stand areas and tempered with the farmers past experience.
When using animal manure as a nitrogen source, the nitrogen can not be applied more than I month
before planting a crop or 1 month prior to crop emergence (or greening). The engineer recommends
less time between waste application and planting to avoid unwanted leaching of the nitrogen below the
soon-to-be root zone, especially in sandy soils. Nitrogen can be applied to a growing crop as needed as
long as the total nitrogen applied does not exceed the crop's demand.
The engineer will use R.Y.E. to calculate nutrient uptake based on the published "book" values
obtained from the NCSU document called "Realistic Yield Expectations for Soils of North Carolina",
revised in April 2000. Typical nitrogen removal by pearl millet by itself (i.e. not overseeded) is
usually 45 to 55 pounds of N uptake per ton of harvested crop (dry hay). A typical R.Y.E. for
pearl millet on a Badin - Goldston soil is about 3.5 tons per acre and on a Badin - Tatum soil is
about 3.8 tons per acre (both values without regard to field slope or erosion).
24

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED E,2003
Pearl Millet's growing season is from April 25 to October I but its greatest nutrient uptake is typically
in the months from May to July. The animal waste application window for pearl millet is from about
April 1 to August 31, but this all depends on when the millet was planted. Stop waste applications 30
days prior to harvest.
Pearl millet growth can, and usually does, interfere with the growth of a crop like fescue if it is
overseeded. Premature cutting of pearl millet is often recommended if overseeded onto fescue grass
since fall greening of the fescue could be stunted if the millet is left to grow into the fall season. It is
prudent to reduce R.Y.E. for pearl millet and for fescue when in the overseeded condition. The amount
of reduction depends on many things and will be shown in tables to follow. No more than 100 pounds
of nitrogen uptake credits should be given to a pearl millet crop overseeded onto fescue. Grazing will
reduce these yields by 25 % (not planned at on these fields). Table 14 shows a summary of typical
nitrogen uptake months for various crops.
For the highest quality forage, cut (or graze) pearl millet when growth is between 12 and 24 inches.
Usually leave about 6 inches of growth after clipping or grazing if during the growing season. Do final
clipping of the millet just before the fescue grass begins to grow, probably sometime around mid to late
September in the Piedmont, depending on the average weekly temperatures. For the final cutting, do
not clip the millet closer than 3 inches from the ground in order to not damage the new growth on the
fescue.
Harvesting millet as a stand alone crop usually takes place once the heads are mature. This harvesting
will take place sometime in late September or October. Harvesting pearl millet for grain is not planned
at this farm.
Harvesting and grazing records should be kept for all crop land receiving animal waste. Record the
number of animals grazing and the time spent on a particular pasture (if grazed) or the number and
weight of hay bails harvested. When harvesting hay, weigh 2 to 5 % of the hay bales at random and
keep the weigh tickets. The number to weigh depends on how uniform the crop tends to be and the
number of bales. If the first 5 percent of the bales weighed are about the same weight then 2 % may be
OK. If the bale weights differ significantly,you should weigh 5 % of the bales. Average the bale weight
(of those weighed) and multiply this by the number of harvested bales to get the total tonnage from a
field. Regular soil samples shall be collected and the analysis incorporated into the desired nutrient
application plan. Lime according to the NCDA soil reports. Annually the farmer or system operator
shall compare crop removal rates with nutrient application rates and adjust waste applications if
required.
Winter Wheat, Oats, Barley, Cereal Rye(for hay)
As mentioned above, the farmer wants the flexibility of planting wheat, oats, barley, or rye onto spots
where the fescue grass is thin. Little River Farm does not intend to plant entire fields in any of these
crops unless the fescue stand is extremely poor. Therefore it is unlikely that any one of these crops will
be used extensively. In practical terms the amount of fill-in crop over fescue will most likely be
imperceptible. For simplicity, the engineer will only discuss winter wheat as the fill-in crop, but since all
of the other crops are similar, the farmer can use the same values shown for winter wheat even if he
plants oats, barley, or rye.
Winter wheat is an annual small grain that looks similar to cereal rye, barley, and oats. This crop is
sometimes used to overseed a warm season crop like bermudagrass. Planting a wheat crop (or any
small grain) over bermudagrass affords extra flexibility to a waste management program in terms of
25

LITrLERIVERCAW T
REVISED DUNE,2003
application opportunities. Planting a crop like wheat on top of bermudagrass is called `overseeding".
Overseeding also enhances nitrogen uptake on an annual basis, provided the crop is harvested. It is
important to remember that overseeded crops must be managed correctly or they can have a negative
impaet on a warm season hay crop like bermudagrass and be counter-productive to the grower. At
Little River Farm the grower will typically use pearl millet over fescue as the overseeding technique, but
wheat (or other small grain) may be used as a stand alone winter crop in fields where the fescue grass
has thinned or is absent. Exact agronomic details for all crops shown here are being omitted for brevity.
The winter wheat should be planted between October 10 and November 1 in the Montgomery County
area, or within one week before the first frost. This date can be expanded from October 1 to November
15 if the grower is planting the wheat as a cover crop and not for high yield. Planting dates and
subsequent weather conditions will usually dictate yield. If planting wheat onto no-till land, the grower
may wish to plant early since soil temperatures will be cooler on no-till land. Planting by October 16 is
recommended to provide the best opportunity to get winter growth. Winter wheat has its most
vigorous growth (and nitrogen up-take) in the spring, and less growth in the fall. Some growth, though
small, also occurs in the winter months (i.e. December and January) unless these months are severely
cold. Barley, oats, and cereal rye can often be planted between August 20 and October 31, but are best
planted between August 25 and September 15.
The most consistent wheat stands are obtained from drilling seed into short (less than 3 inches tall)
bermudagrass sod or on bare ground. If drilling is not possible, the seeds may be broadcast on short
grass sod followed by a light cultivation with a disc or tillage implement, but drilling is highly
recommended. The seeding rate for broadcast planting should be 1.5 times the rate for drilled seeds.
Typical planting of winter wheat is 100 pounds of seed per acre if drilling and 130 to 150 pounds per
acre if broadcasting. Barley, oats, and cereal rye would have similar seeding rates. It should be noted
that it is better to calibrate planters so they apply a given number of seeds per foot of row since seed
sizes can vary with variety. A rule of thumb would be to plant 2 to 3 bushels of seed per acre.
However, getting into great detail about the seeding rates of various wheat varieties is beyond the scope
of this CAWMP.
If the wheat is overseeded onto a bermudagrass crop, the last application of animal type waste should be
applied to the bemuda about 30 to 45 days before planting the wheat. If wheat is planted much after
November 1, minimize or do not apply animal waste until late winter or early spring. If the wheat is
planted on time, apply about 15 to 30 lbs./acre of N in the fall as preplant, especially if this is a no-till
operation. If wheat follows soybeans or peanuts, the grower should reduce the amount of N application
in the early spring by 15 to 30 pounds. In emergency situations or if the wheat is showing signs of
nitrogen deficiency (turning yellow), a light application of 15 to 20 lbs./acre of Plant Available Nitrogen
(PAN.) may be applied in the colder months such as December and January, but it is best to hold off
on this activity until late January or early February unless there is a high water problem in the anaerobic
lagoon. By late January or early February the wheat will usually put on more tillers and starts its most
vigorous growth cycle. If the wheat is tittering properly, late January fertilization rates can be boosted
to around 30 pounds of P.A.N. per acre. Heavier fertilization of wheat in mid-spring is most important
for yield. Apply the bulk of fertilizer on the wheat at this time (usually in late February or early
March). Do not apply more than the recommended amount of P.A.N. to a wheat crop based on soil
types. The animal waste application window for wheat is from September 1 to April 30. If small grains
are overseeded onto bermudagrass, do not apply more than 50 Ibs/acre (total) of P.A.N. above
what is normal for bermudagrass alone.
26

UTtLE RIVCR CAW W
REVISED NNE,2003
The engineer will use R.Y.E. to calculate nutrient uptake based on the published "book" values
obtained from the NCSU document called "Realistic Yield Expectations for Soils of North Carolina",
revised in April 2000. The typical nitrogen removal by small grain hay is 40 to 50 pounds of N
uptake per ton of harvested crop (dry hay). A typical R.Y.E. for wheat as the only crop on a
Badin - Goldston soil is abort 3 tons per acre, and on a Badin - Tatum soil is about 3.3 tons per
acre(both values without regard to field slope or erosion).
If small grain is overseeded on bermudagrass and will be grazed by cattle, the P.A.N.
applications must be reduced by 25 % below haying values. Small grain overseeded onto
bermudagrass must be harvested prior to heading or April 7, which ever comes first. If grazing, allow
cattle access to the small grain before the bermudagrass emerges. If small grain is allowed to grow on
into March or April it should not significantly shade the bermudagrass or significantly reduce
bermudagrass yields. Growth beyond April may reduce the bermudagrass yield, but the overall tonnage
of crop should still exceed growing bermudagrass alone. Do not cut the wheat closer than about 3 or
4 inches from the ground in order to not damage the emerging clumps of bermudagrass and its root
system.
Stand lone wheat crops will most likely be harvested sometime in late May or June. If small grains are
planted as a cover crop only and will not be harvested, apply no more than 30 pounds of P.A.N. per
acre on the crop. If this crop is not harvested, the grower must subtract this applied P.A.N. from the
P.A.N. applied to the next crop grown.
�I
TABLE 14 IS SHOWN ON THE NEXT PAGE IN ITS ENTIRETY
27

L=LE RIVER CAW ff`
REVISED AMR,2003
TABLE 14
T ical Nitrogen Uptake Months for Various Crops Grown In Piedmont N.C.
CROP Jan Feb. I Mar Aril May June I July Au . Scot. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Sweet Com ( rain)* N N I L-M M-H H I H-N M-N N N N N N
Field Cam (grain) N N L-M L-H M-H H-N M-N N N N N N
Cam(sila e) N N L-M L-H M-H H-N M-N N N N N N
Sorghum.(grain) N N N N-L M-H H H M [N-L
N N N
Sorghum(ha ) N N N N-L M-H H H M N N N
Winter Wheat L-N M-H H H M-N N N N L L-N L-N
Rye(cereal or L-N L-H H H-M M-N N N N L-M L-N L-N
rass)Prairiegrass L-N L-H H H-M M-N N N N L-M L-N L-N
(Matua) -pure
stand
So beans N N N N L-N L-M M-H H-MN N N
Tall Fescue LN M-H H H M LN LN MN M-L L-N L-N
Orchard grass L-N M-H H H M L-N L-N M-N M M-L L-N L-N
H b. Bermuda N N N N-L L-M H H M L-N N N N
Tobacco * N N H M-H H H M-N N N N N N
Sweet Potatoes * N N N N N-L M-H H H-M M-N N N N
Watermelons * N N N N-L L-M H H M-L N N N N
Cantalou es * N N N N-L L-M H H-M M-N N N N N
Pearl Millet N N N N-L M-H H H H-M L-N N N N
N=No nitrogen application recommended under normal growing conditions.
L=Apply nitrogen in Low amounts for normal growing conditions. Low amowrts are< 15 lbs./acre.
j M= Apply nitrogen in Medium amounts for normal growing conditions. Medium amounts are<25 lbs./acre.
H=Apply nitrogen in High amounts for normal growing conditions. High amounts are>50 lbs./acre.
* = Those crops are grown for human consumption. Do not apply animal waste to these crops except at pre-
plant.
NOTE: Table 14 is a somewhat general chart and does not account for every situation. When the chart says L-N
for a month, it may be better to use None unless weather and crop growth permits. The nitrogen application on
crops will depend on the planting schedule and the harvest date of previous crops. Animal waste can not be
applied more than 30 days prior to planting a crop or from crop emergence (i.e. greening). This table was taken
from data developed by NCSU, NRCS, and the NC Cooperative Extension Service and tempered with the
engineer's experience. Waste with high organic content may require fertilization in advance of Table 14 dates.
Likewise when, applying animal waste as preplant fertilizer it may be necessary to apply a High dose since it can
not be applied after crop emergence. See written explanations about each crop and the associated animal waste
recommendations.
Crop Rotations
It is common place for many farmers to grow a variety of crops on their land and change the make-up
of crops from year to year, especially if the farm is producing row crops. Farms that produce hay crops
tend to not alter crop types from year to year. Usually there will be a particular rotation of crops used
between years that must be determined just before planting time. However, at Little River Farm the
farmer will more or less stick to the same crop combinations from year to year. The main rotation
change will likely be overseeding or not overseeding with pearl millet between years.
28

L=LE IuvcR CAWry
REVISED M T.,2003
Since the farmer may not plant pearl millet in every field every summer the engineer has evaluated each
field based on a single year rotation. Any residual nitrogen credits from a nitrogen fixing crops will be
accounted for in the following crop if this is applicable. The tables developed for this farm show
various crop combinations for all fields, that should cover most options.
Plant Tissue Analysis For Altering P.A.N. Applications
At times, the grower may think more P.A.N. needs to be applied to a crop than is called for in the
CAWMP. This is especially useful if the grower thinks he/she has not applied enough nitrogen to a crop
and it looks yellow or stunted. Plant tissue sampling will help better tune the waste application for the
most productive crop without over-applying nitrogen. Increases in P.A.N. or animal waste applications
can sometimes be justified by using plant tissue analysis. To justify more P.A.N. applications or to
extend the animal waste application period, the grower must consult with an agronomist certified by the
N.C. Agricultural Consultants Association (NCACA) or Certified Crop Advisor Program (CCA). Any
agronomist recommendations shall be documented as a conditional amendment to the CAWMP and
must be signed by the agronomist. Such documentation must be kept on file for 3 year at the farm.
Copies shall be sent to the local SWCD office and the regional office of DWQ. Exhibit 9 includes some
information about plant tissue sampling.
Misc. Crop Management BMP's
In order.to maximize yield and provide high quality crops, soil samples and waste samples shall be
collected and the analysis incorporated into the desired nutrient application plan. Soil samples shall be
collected no less than one time per year. Waste samples should be collected at least every 60 days if the
farmer plans to land apply waste through out the year. Lime according to the NCDA soil reports.
Annually the farmer shall compare crop removal rates with nutrient application rates and adjust nutrient
applications accordingly. Do not over-apply nutrients to crops since that can result in crop damage,
environmental problems, and animal health problems when the crop is consumed. Consult seed
companies for exact planting and harvesting suggestions or your local Cooperative Extension Service.
It is suggested that the farm minimize the cutting of grasses and/or other crops in the buffer areas and
field borders. Taller grass allows for better sediment control and animal habitat in the borders
surrounding the fields This is especially important in or near drainage ways or ditches and in areas
where two hillsides converge. The farmer may elect to plant some other type of vegetation in this area
which requires minimal maintenance. Cut buffer zones as needed and minimize the use of commercial
fertilizers in these areas. See earlier comments about riparian buffers next to perennial streams.
Sometimes weeds will try to take over a field of grasses, especially if the grasses have been weakened
by drought or disease. Always control weed growth and strive for a mono-culture crop for a particular
growing season.
IRRIGATION AND IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT
Waste Application Scheduling
Understanding the more technical points of irrigating or broadcasting animal waste is very important to
its proper utilization. Knowing soil/water relationships and plant/water relationships helps the farmer
decide when irrigation or broadcasting is appropriate. However, it would be much beyond the scope of
this waste utilization plan to dwell on highly technical aspects of land application. The key point to
29

LITTLE RI VCR CAWNIP
REVISED NNE,2003
remember is that the soil must accept and plants must be able to utilize the applied water/waste in order
to avoid surface run-off or gravity drainage. Full plant utilization of the water held within the root zone
is needed to avoid draining nutrients below the root zone. Careful observations of soil/plant and
climatic relationships will help assure a successful irrigation program. To learn more about irrigation
scheduling the reader can obtain a copy of the NC Cooperative Extension Publication Number AG-607,
"Irrigation Scheduling To Achieve Proper Applications Of Wastewater" from their local Cooperative
Extension office. Exhibits 27 and 28 show several examples that will help explain the process for
adjusting animal waste applications.
TABLE 15
Dry Days Needed Between Heavy Irrigation Events (Typical for fresh water irrigation on medium body soils)
Month Hay Crops Vegetables
January 20 23
February 15 18
March 10 13
April 8 11
May 6 8
June 5 7
July 5 7
August 6 8
September 8 10
October 10 13
November 15 18
December 20 23
Table 15 is a very general guide for fresh water irrigation, but may be helpful for wastewater irrigation
as well. On-site measurements and experience must be used to accurately schedule irrigation events.
Sandy soils may require less dry days between irrigation events. Small amounts of irrigation may be
possible without waiting for all the dry days shown. Plant available moisture and other soil/water
relationships will dictate actual times between irrigation events. If crops are not actively growing it is
better not to irrigate.
The operator must use good judgment when applying waste onto crops. His or her judgment, tempered
with crop growth, crop health, rainfall, and other factors will be needed to make a workable application
schedule. The farmer must also adhere to lagoon and storage pond designs and suggested maximum
and minimum volumes. Always know your lagoon or pond level and available storage volume.
Due to the concerns over possible groundwater contamination occurrences, the owner is encouraged to
"spread out"the waste application volumes so as to not concentrate loadings in one place at one time.
Heavy effluent loadings can cause nitrogen to quickly leach below the plant root zone. Several light
applications per month is often better than one heavy application. Monitor soil moisture so that gravity
drainage below the plant root zone is more or less zero.
TABLE 16 IS SHOWN ON THE NEXT PAGE IN ITS ENTIRETY
30

L1=RIVER CAW,AP
REVISED IUNE.2003
TABLE 16
TARGET EFFLUENT DELIVERY PARAMETERS FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM
IRRIGATION
Soil Type Suggested Precipitation Suggested Application Depth Range(inches) +
Range(in/hr
Badin-Goldston Complex 0.30 to 0.40 0.25 to 0.75
Badin-Tatum Complex 0.30 to 0.40 0.25 to 0.75
+ Depth of application will depend on existing soil moisture, plant growth, E.T., etc. If the weather is very dry and the
season is warm, up to l inch of water per application might be occasionally acceptable. Typically do not exceed 0.75
inches per application event.
Irrigation Equipment Descriptions
TABLE 17
LITTLE RIVER FARM IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTIONS
Power supply type John Deer 4 c I. 80 Hp Industrial Diesel Engine
Pump type and size Rainbow model CSB64SI3-4DC, 6x4Sxl3XSBB, 13 inch
impeller, 6 in. intake, 4 in. outlet.
Maximum pump dynamics 500 gpm @ 136 psi- Requiring 55 h
Traveler type Hobbs Reel Rain -Model 2400L with on-board gasoline
en me.
Hose I.D. and lenaLh 4.1 inch I.D. 1250 feet
Gun and nozzle type(for all fields) Nelson Model SR15OR w/ 1.18 in. ring nozzle(two
nozzles on the gun cart) (only 1 in use)
Nelson sprinkler published diameter(adjusted 315 feet @ 60 psi (315 feet x 0.9=283 feet, adjusted
to 900/0) perNCSUpublication AG-553-7)
Expected flow and pressure with selected 225 gpm @ 60 psi
nozzle(famter tries to keep nozzle pressure
more or less constant along eachpull)
Existing lane spacing Lane spacings are not applicable since all pulls are single
pulls by definition.
Wetted gun are 270 degrees.
Air relief valves Nelson Model ACV 200 or equal. One air valve at each
hydrant and at various high points along the piping.
Permanent Pipe Majority is reported to be 6 inch PVC gasket joint pipe
(250 psi pressure rating -minimum)
* Information provided by others or from manufacturer's literature.
CAWMP Wettable Acres Determination
A "CAWMP wettable acres determination" was performed for this farm using the procedures outlined
in the publication titled "Irrigated Acreage Determination Procedures for Wastewater Application
Equipment, Hard Hose Traveler Irrigation System", published by the NC Cooperative Extension
Service, NC State University, publication number AG-553-7. The term "CAWMP wetted acres" used
herein will include those application areas receiving animal waste since all fields are existing.
Exhibit 4 shows this general irrigation setup with the dotted lines showing the approximate center of
normal irrigation lanes. The semi-circles on Exhibit 4 show manufacturer's published wetted diameters
reduced by 90 percent. The reader will note that some of the drawn semi-circles will overlap in
31

LrrrLE RIVER CA W
REVISED NNE,2003
coverage even though by the rules spelled out in AG-553-7 every pull must be designated as a single
pull. Also note that the existing lane spacings are not uniform.
Waste application records are best kept by individual pull lanes or broadcast zones within any given
field. Crop areas outside of the wetted zones can also be used for waste provided they do not infringe
on set-backs and are listed in the farmer's CAWMP. Crop land that receives waste via broadcast must
also be recorded and documented. Both irrigation zones and broadcast zones are shown in Exhibit 4.
Table 18 shows the total estimated CAWNIP Wettable Acreage for each irrigation pull lane and for each
broadcast zone. The reader will note that the irrigated areas are about the same as shown in the last
CAWW. Broadcasting animal waste has taken place on this farm in the past, but the zones of
application have not been shown on the drawing until this revision. Irrigation data in Table 18 was
developed using a specific set of pressure and pumping criteria, and it is assumed the farmer can
maintain this "constant" pressure setting at his nozzle by adjusting his irrigation equipment (e.g.
changing pump engine speeds). If nozzle pressure is allowed to change, the calculated wetted areas
will also change. The reader should note that the engineer used 90 percent of the manufacturer's
published wetted diameter as the assumed actual wetted diameter since measured data was not
available.
TABLE 18 APPEARS ON THE NEXT PAGE IN ITS ENTIRETY
32

LITTLE RIVER FARM, MONTGOMERY COUNTY
TABLE 18
CCAWMP WETTABLE ACREAGE DETERMINATION FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM
INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT AUTO AUTO AUTO AUTO INPUT INPUT AUTO
FIELD INTERIOR GUN GUN LANE ADJUSTED MIDDLE MIDDLE MIDDLE START STOP TOTAL
NUMBER OR CART NOZZLE SPACING. OR WETTED WETTED WETTED END END EFFECTIVE
AND EXTERIOR PULL ROTATION APP. FOR MEASURED AREA FOR AREA AREA WETTED WETTED WETTED
PULL LENGTH ANGLE MULTI. WETTED EXTERIOR FOR FOR AREA AREA AREA
NUMBER SINGLE LATERALS DIAMETER LANES INTERIOR SINGLE (TAKEN FROM (TAKEN FROM
OR ONLY (90%MFG) LANES LANES TABLES TABLES
MULTIPLE FEET DEGREES FEET FEET ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES ACRES
ALL FIELDS ARE EXISTING •* .. ,«. ,... ***i
FIELD 1 BROADCAST 2.510
FIELD SINGLE# 545 270 260 284 3.19 0,586 0.298 4.076
FIELD SINGLE# 722 270 260 284 4.23 0.586 0,298 5.113
FIELD SINGLE# 250 270 260 284 1.46 0.586 0.298 2.348
FIELD SINGLE# 682 270 260 284 3.99 0.586 0.298 4.879
FIELD SINGLE# 560 270 260 284 3.28 0.586 0.298 4,164
FIELD 7 BROADCAST 0.610
FIELD 8 BROADCAST 3.760
FIELD 9 BROADCAST 3,200
FIELD 10 BROADCAST 0.6
TOTAL ACRES 31.261
SUMMARY FOR ALL FIELDS
TOTAL IRRIGATED OR "WETTED" ACRES = 20.58 ACRES
TOTAL BROADCAST ACRES = 10.68 ACRES
SUM TOTAL OF ALL ACRES TO RECIEVE WASTE 31.26 ACRES
#TABLE E90+ WAS USED HERE FOR START AND END AREAS-EXISTING PULLS.
PAGE 33

LMU RIVER CAWNW
REVISEDN .2003
Animal waste can only be applied to land eroding less than 5 tons per acre per year. The Little River
Farm land should qualify given the proper crop covers are established and maintained. Erosion could
easily become a problem at this farm in the irrigated fields if crop covers are not maintained. It is
vitally important that the farmer pay close attention to irrigation schedules at this farm. Strong
slopes will encourage surface run off to occur, especially during rainfall events. Creeks
immediately down-slope from the irrigated fields could be impacted by the over application of
effluent or by a sudden rain storm shortly after irrigation.
Gun Cart Pressure Estimates For Irrigation
The pressure at the nozzle of an irrigation gun can vary somewhat as the cart is moved up and down
hills. The operator can change operating pressures at the nozzle by changing the rpm of the pump drive
or by several other means. However, it is important to look at the maximum pressure requirements to
make sure the nozzle can be operated at the pressures specified with the chosen pump. If the nozzle
will operate at the correct design pressure at the maximum total dynamic head, then it can be operated
at this pressure along pulls that require less head. Table 19 shows what should be the maximum total
dynamic head experienced at Little River Farm.
TABLE 19
MAXIMUM TOTAL HEAD ESTIMATION AT 225 GPM
Field Nomle Max. Friction Loss In Friction Loss Elevation Misc. Estimated Total
Number Pressure Suction 245 Ft. Of 6Inch In 1,250 Feet Head Losses Dynamic Head
And Pull At 60 psi Head PVC Pipe,266 Of 4In.PE Estimated
Number Ft. Of 4In.Pipe, Hose At About
20 Ft. Of 4 In. 7
Hard Hose
F4 138.6 ft. 1 15 ft. 7.69 feet 33.25 n. 20 ft. 1 15.02 ft. 229.56 R.
From Table 19 the highest estimated total dynamic head is on pull F4 and is about 230 feet or about 100
psi. At this pressure the Rainbow PTO driven pump Model 6 x 4S x 13 can deliver more than enough
liquid to supply the nozzle. Exhibit 23 shows pump curves and irrigation equipment information.
BROADCASTING EQUIPMENT
The right equipment is extremely important in terms of the operator's ability to accurately measure and
control the application of animal waste. However, when it comes to properly operating broadcast
equipment the Little River Farm waste application operator must be familiar with his/her equipment and
have a good understanding of pump curves, pumping rates, basic math, and possess the willingness to
keep good records. This animal waste utilization plan is not intended to be a comprehensive
broadcasting teaching tool. The engineer must assume the farm manager and/or equipment operator
can take the presented information and apply it to their situation.
Critical elements of the application of animal waste are listed on an example record keeping forms
attached as Exhibit 15. These forms help the operator calculate his or her own application details. The
operator shall also keep records on equipment repairs, maintenance, and manure spreader calibrations.
Manure spreader calibration shall be done at least one time per year but twice would be better.
Information on broadcast equipment calibration can be seen as Exhibit 26,
34

LITTLE RIVER CAW P
REVISED NNE.2003
Little River Farm currently uses a Lely Model LMS2300 for broadcasting manure. The unit has a full
capacity of 2,300 gallons. The manure spreader is trailer mounted and is pulled by a farm tractor.
Exhibit 29 shows information on this spreader and Exhibit 28 shows examples of calculating manure
application.
Equipment operation and maintenance guidelines will appear in a later section of this plan.
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Introduction To Land Application Tables And Details
Below the reader will see Tables 20 through 33. Each table represents a different set of predicted
values related to animal waste and its application at Little River Farm. These tables are of particular
importance since they give approximated waste application values specific to this farm, tempered with
the crop types to be grown. This animal waste utilization plan has been developed to show reasonable
waste application methodology and nitrogen management, but it should be clearly understood that it is
made to be changed as crop data and waste test results change. This does not allow the farmer to
change crop types beyond those shown in this plan, but it does allow for the mixing of the listed crops.
Barley, oats or rye may also be substituted for wheat if desired. The farmer should use this plan as a
guideline for animal waste management and not get hung-up on the exact values presented below.
Changes in crop varieties beyond what is shown in this plan will require a revision to this plan prior to
planting. Tables 20 through 33 were developed with the following assumptions:
1. The farmer will accurately record crop type, waste application amount and type, waste test data,
and crop yield for each field receiving animal waste. Animal waste applications will be adjusted
according to crops being grown, types of waste applied, recent crop yields, and recent waste test
results.
2. The farmer will be able to take the actual crop yields by field number, the quantity of waste
applied, and use the P.A.N. uptake values given in this plan to calculate an annual P.A.N. removal for a
given field. This will be especially important since the waste analysis for a given waste type can change
between sample events.
3. The farmer will be allowed to decide where to apply all animal waste sources. A combination of
animal waste sources (e.g. liquid and slurry) may be used on any field as long as nutrients are not
applied greater than agronomic rates. However, the farmer is discouraged from land applying sludge to
land under routine effluent application. The farmer can not double count waste applications to any field
even if using different waste sources, (i.e. part dry waste and part liquid waste). Nitrogen applications
are cumulative. Only harvested crops are counted towards P.A.N. removal. Records for the application
of commercial fertilizer on waste receiving fields must be kept.
4. The annual P.A.N. available at this farm was estimated earlier in this document. Future NCDA
test results will cause these values to change. The farmer shall adjust P.A.N. applications according to
the latest NCDA test results. Book values for P.A.N. generation are only useful for developing a
CAWMP without a history of accurate waste samples to average.
Explanation of Waste Application Tables --
35

L=? RIVERCAUW
REVISEDI E,2003
TABLE 20-Realistic Yield Expectations For Each Crop
Table 20 shows expected crop yields for the soil types at this farm. These values were obtained from
the NCSU document called "Realistic Yield Expectations for Soils of North Carolina", revised in April
2000, and adjusted for the soil management group, slope, and erosion class (all for Montgomery
County). The reader will note that the farmer has expressed interest in growing a small variety of crops
on this farm, which necessitates using a small variety of tables showing Realistic Yield Expectations
(R.Y.E.). Any crop R.Y.E. not listed in the NCSU soils table was obtained either from conversations
with NCSU Crop Science Cooperative Extension personnel or from Cooperative Extension
publications. The predominate crop growing scheme will be pearl millet in warm months and fescue
grass in the cool months.
While growing a variety of crops provides agronomic flexibility, it also requires increased record
keeping and on-farm management. Different crops can be grown on the farm, but the engineer
recommends keeping the actual crop scheme as simple as possible to facilitate record keeping and
estimating P.A.N. removal. Keeping the same crop combination over an entire field will help simplify
record keeping.
In practice, if crop yields are reduced, either due to a lack of nitrogen or crop failure, this should be
recorded and the plan adjusted accordingly. If crop yields are increased, the farmer should not apply
more P.A.N. per acre than shown in the tables below. However, be careful not to apply too much
P.A.N. since drought or disease could come late in the growing season and reduce crop yields
considerably. The values presented for R.Y.E. in this plan are suitable to use until 3 or more years of
crop and waste data are gathered and can be reliably averaged. The engineer does not suggest applying
supplemental fertilizer to the crops unless this is a significant income maker for the farm or if the crops
are performing poorly from the lack of nutrients. Before adding commercial fertilizer, the farmer should
consult with a technical specialist. All of these crops are to be harvested and removed off of the fields.
Table 20 shows each irrigation pull lane and broadcast zone. Each pull or zone is being treated as an
individual field. This should help the farmer with record keeping and corresponds to the layout on
Exhibit 4. Keep records for each pull lane or broadcast zone on separate data sheets.
TABLE 20 APPEARS BELOW IN ITS ENTIRETY
36

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 2-0-
CROP SELECTION MENU FOR THIS FARM SHOWING REALISTIC YIELD EXPECTATIONS +
VALUES SHOWN ARE ADJUSTED FOR SOIL SLOPE AND EROSION CLASS
...........................................................................................
FIELD& MELD R.V.E.FOR R.V.E.FOR R.Y.E.FOR
PULLOR ADJUST. T.FESCUE PEARL MILL. WHEAT HAY
B.CAST SOIL TYPE FOR AS THE ASTHE AS THE
ZONE FOR THIS SLOPE& ONLY CROP ONLY CROP ONLY CROP
I.D. FIELD EROSION (T/ACNR) (T/AC/YR) (T/AC/YR)
........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ............
F1 BA-GO CPLX 96% 3.84 3.36 2.88
F2 BA-TM CPLX 96% 4.32 3.65 3.17
F3 BA-TM CPLX 94% 4.23 3.57 3.10
F4 BA-TM CPLX 87% 3.92 3.31 2.87
F5 BA-TM CPLX e9% 4.01 3.38 2.94
F6 BA-TM CPLX 96% 4.32 3.65 3.17
F7 BA-TM CPLX 87% 3.92 3.31 2.87
F8 SA-TM CPLX 89% 4.01 3.38 2.94
F9 BA-TM CPLX 94% 4.23 3.57 3.10
F10 BA-TM CPLX 96% 4.32 3.65 3.17
BA-GO CPLX=BADIN-GOLDSTON COMPLEX
BA-TM CPLX = BADIN,TATUM COMPLEX
+=THIS TABLE SHOWS R.Y.E.FOR CROPS ASSUMING THEY ARE THE ONLY CROP PLANTED. LATER TABLES WILL SHOW
R.V.E.REDUCTIONS DUE TO ROTATIONS OR NITROGEN RESIDUALS.
PAGE 37

LITTLE RIVER CANWP
REVISED TUNE,2003
TABLE 21 - Crop Nitrogen Uptake Values
Table 21 shows what is considered average values for the nitrogen uptake of various crops. These are
book numbers and represent a reasonable value of nitrogen uptake per unit of harvested crop. Most of
this information came from NCSU Crop Science Cooperative Extension personnel or from the NCSU
Nutrient Management Manual, adjusted for the soil management group (SMG). Actual nitrogen uptake
per unit of crop harvested could me more or less than those values shown here.
TABLE 21 APPEARS ON THE NEXT PAGE IN ITS ENTIRETY
38

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NO.
TABLE 2
VARIOUS CROP TYPES AND THEIR NITROGEN REMOVAL POTENTIAL
PER UNIT OF YIELD *
CORN CORN COTTON SOYBEAN WHEAT WHEAT WHEAT SORGHUM SORGHUM TALL FESCUE MILLET
SILAGE GRAIN SILAGE HAY GRAIN SILAGE HAY HAY
(LBS/BU) (LBS/TON) (LBILB) (LBS/BU) (LBSIBU) (LBS/TON) (LBS/TON) (LBS/BU) (LBS/TON) (LBS/TON) (LBS/TON)
+"1.15 " ..»11 0.095 +"«3.9 2.1 ....11 `45 +..1.75+,+. ..»7.7 +" 43.3 +++48.3 ++
" ASSUME ALL CROPS ARE HARVESTED AND REMOVED FROM THE FIELDS ANNUALLY.
PAGE 39

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
TABLES 22 to 25- Nitrogen Removal Potential By Crop And Field
Tables 22 to 25 show the CAWMP wetted acres in each pull lane and broadcast zone slated to receive
animal waste. Each of these tables shows a different crop combination for one full year. Within each
table is a tally of potential nitrogen removal per acre by individual crops and a total for the one or two
crops being grown for the year. There is usually listed a warm season and cool season crop on each
table, but some tables show only one crop in case the farmer does not wish to overseed. Crops that
supply residual nitrogen credits will be shown on these tables if such crops are used. However, there
are several tables that show a R.Y.E. reduction due to the overseeding effect. These tables were
developed based on crop nitrogen removal and predicted R.Y.E., and they do not have anything to do
with the amount of N produced at the farm from the hogs. That will be discussed later.
Each table between 22 and 25 assumes every pull lane and broadcast zone at the farm grows the same
crop combination during the same year. Growing the same crop combinations in all fields is not a
requirement of this plan, but this summary assumes the same crops in each field for ease in comparing
crop combinations. If needed the farmer can plant different crops under different application zones
since the same application zones are repeated between tables.
Below is a list of the tables and their titles in this section:
Table 22 .._—...................... Tall Fescue Only (for hay)
Table 23 ............................ Pearl Millet (hay) -- Tall Fescue (for hay)
Table 24 ............................ Pearl Millet (hay) --Wheat (or small grain - for hay)
Table 25 ............................ Wheat or Small Grain Only(for hay)
TABLES 22 TO 25 APPEAR IN THEIR ENTIRETY ON THE NEXT PAGE
40

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 2
ROTATION YEAR ANY
P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR GROWING TALL FESCUE ONLY IN ALL FIELDS.
WETTED ANNUAL P.A.N. ANNUAL P.A.N. TOT.ANNUAL TOT.ANNUAL
FIELD& ACRES REMOVAL PER REMOVAL PER TOT.ANNUAL TONSOF TONSOF
PULLOR UNDER IRR. ACREPER ACRE PER PA.N. WARM COOL
B.CAST OR UNDER YEAR OF WARM COOL WARMSEASON COOLSEASON REMOVAL SEASON SEASON
ZONE BROADCAST ROTATION SEASON SEASON CROP- CROP++ POTENTIAL CROP YIELD CROPYIELD
I.D. (ACRES) CROP CROP (LB/AC/YR) (LB/AGYR) (LB/YR) (TONS/YR) (TONS/YR)
........ ............ ............ .......-- ............ ............ ............ .......-... --........ I--......
F1 2.510 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 166 417 0 9.64
F2 4.076 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 187 762 0 17.61
F3 5,113 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 183 936 0 21.63
F4 2.348 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 170 398 0 9.19
F5 4.879 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 173 846 0 19.54
F6 4.164 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 187 779 0 17.99
F7 0.610 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 170 103 0 2.39
F8 3.760 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 173 652 0 15.06
F9 3.200 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 183 586 0 13.54
F10 0.600 ANY N/A T. FESCUE 0 187 112 0 2.59
ANNUAL EST. YIELDS FOR ALL FIELDS COMBINED (tons) = 0.00 129.17
ANNUAL P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR ALL FIELDS (pounds) = 5,593
+ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 0% TO ACCOUNT FOR P,A.N.CARRYOVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
++ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 0% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
PAGE 41

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 2
ROTATION YEAR ANY
P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR GROWING P.MILL. HAY- FESCUE HAY IN ALL FIELDS.
WETTED ANNUAL P.A.N. ANNUAL P.A.N. TOT.ANNUAL TOT.ANNUAL
FIELD& ACRES REMOVAL PER REMOVAL PER TOT.ANNUAL TONSOF TONSOF
PULLOR UNDERIRR. ACRE PER ACREPER P.A.N. WARM COOL
B.CAST OR UNDER YEAR OF WARM COOL WARMSEASON COOLSEASON REMOVAL SEASON SEASON
ZONE BROADCAST ROTATION SEASON SEASON CROP. CROP++ POTENTIAL CROP YIELD CROP YIELD
LD. (ACRES) CROP CROP (LB/ACNR) (LB/AC(YR) (LB/YR) (TONS/YR) (TONS/YR)
........ ............ ............ ............ ...I........ ............ ............ ........I... ............ ............
F1 2.510 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 81 133 538 4.22 7.71
F2 4.076 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 88 150 969 7.43 14.09
F3 5.113 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 86 147 1,190 9.13 17.30
F4 2.348 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 80 136 506 3.88 7.35
F5 4.879 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 82 139 1,075 8.25 15.63
F6 4.164 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 88 150 990 7.60 14.39
F7 OS10 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 80 136 131 1.01 1.91
F8 3.760 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 82 139 829 6.36 12.05
F9 3,200 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 86 147 745 5.72 10.83
F10 0.600 ANY PEARL MIL. T. FESCUE 88 150 143 1.09 2.07
ANNUAL EST. YIELDS FOR ALL FIELDS COMBINED (tons) _ 54.69 }103.34
ANNUAL P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR ALL FIELDS (pounds) = 7,116
+ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 50% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
++ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 20% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
PAGE 42

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
JIB 2
ROTATION YEAR ANY
P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR GROWING P. MILLET HAY - WHEAT HAY IN ALL FIELDS.
WETTED ANNUAL P.A.N. ANNUAL PAX TOT.ANNUAL TOT.ANNUAL
FIELD& ACRES REMOVALPER REMOVALPER TOT.ANNUAL TONS OF TONSOF
PULL OR UNDER IRR. ACRE PER ACRE PER P.A.N. WARM COOL
B.CAST OR UNDER YEAR OF WARM COOL WARMSEASON COOLSEASON REMOVAL SEASON SEASON
ZONE BROADCAST ROTATION SEASON SEASON CROP, CROP,, POTENTIAL CROPYIELD CROP YIELD
I.D. (ACRES) CROP CROP (LB/AC/YR) (LB/ACNR) (LB1YR) (TONSIYR) (TONS(YR)
........ ............ ............ ........... .1.1...-- ........-- ............ .1....-.... ............ ............
F1 2.510 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 97 78 440 5.06 4.34
F2 4.076 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 106 86 780 8.92 7.75
F3 5.113 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 104 84 958 10.9E 9.52
F4 2.348 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 96 78 407 4.66 4.04
F5 4.879 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT (H) - 98 79 865 9.90 8.60
F6 4.164 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT (H) 106 86 796 9.11 7.91
F7 0.610 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 96 78 106 1.21 1.05
F8 3.760 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 98 79 667 7.63 6.63
F9 3.200 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT(H) 104 84 599 6.86 5.96
F10 0.600 ANY PEARL MIL. WHEAT (H) 106 86 115 1.31 1.14
ANNUAL EST. YIELDS FOR ALL FIELDS COMBINED (tons) = 65.62 56.93 kt
ANNUAL P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR ALL FIELDS (pounds) = 5,732
+ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 40% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
++ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 40% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
PAGE 43

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 2
ROTATION YEAR ANY
P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR GROWING WHEAT OR SMALL GRAIN HAY ONLY IN ALL FIELDS.
WETTED ANNUAL P.A.N. ANNUAL P.A.N. TOT.ANNUAL TOT.ANNUAL
FIELD& ACRES REMOVALPER REMOVALPER TOT.ANNUAL TONSOF TONS OF
PULL OR UNDER IRR. ACRE PER ACRE PER P.A.N. WARM COOL
B.CAST OR UNDER YEAR OF WARM COOL WARMSEASON COOLSEASON REMOVAL SEASON SEASON
ZONE BROADCAST ROTATION SEASON SEASON CROP- CROP-- POTENTIAL CROP YIELD CROP YIELD
I.D. (ACRES) CROP CROP (LB/AGYR) (LB/AGYR) (LB/(R) (TONSNR) (TONSNR)
........ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............
F7 2.510 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 130 325 0.00 7.23
F2 4.076 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 143 581 0.00 12.91
F3 5,113 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 140 714 0.00 15.86
F4 2.348 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 129 303 0.00 6.74
F5 4,879 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 132 645 0.00 14.33
F6 4.164 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 143 594 0.00 13.19
F7 0.610 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 129 79 0.00 1.75
F8 3.760 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 132 497 0.00 11.04
F9 3.200 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 140 447 0.00 9.93
F10 0.600 ANY N/A WHEAT (H) 0 143 86 0.00 1.90
ANNUAL EST. YIELDS FOR ALL FIELDS COMBINED (tons) = 0.00 ... 94.89
ANNUAL P.A.N. REMOVAL FOR ALL FIELDS (pounds) = 4,270
+ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 0% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
++ = YIELDS HERE HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY 0% TO ACCOUNT FOR P.A.N.CARRY-OVER FROM
PREVIOUS CROPS OR FOR A SHORTENED GROWING SEASON DUE TO DOUBLE CROPPING.
PAGE 44

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
TABLE 26 - Summary Of P.A.N. Removals With Different Crop Combinations
Table 26 shows tables22 to 25 summarized into a list. Table 26 shows total P.A.N. removal potential
for crop combinations so the farmer can get an idea of which combinations afford the most nitrogen
removal. It also compares the potential nitrogen removal to the amount of predicted nitrogen to be
produced by the hogs. Again, the reader is reminded that the farmer does not have to grow the same
crop combination in every field on the farm, but has the flexibility of planting different combinations in
different fields in the same year. However the fanner is cautioned about planting too much land in
crops that do not remove very much nitrogen(e.g. wheat only).
The reader will note that every crop combination listed shows enough nitrogen removal potential to
take 100% of the P.A.N. generated at the swine farm. While some crops or crop combinations take up
more P.A.N. than others, all of the book value yields compared to book value P.A.N. productions show
that any of the crops listed will be suitable. The problem with using single season crops only is that
there is a limited window of application and lagoon levels could rise above the required pump levels
without any growing crop. Therefore it is a prudent matter to plant at least some fields in cool season
crops and some fields in warm season crops, giving lagoon liquid management opportunities to the
grower. Later tables will show animal waste application windows, application amounts, etc.
This waste utilization document does not specifically address nitrogen application on germinating or
very young crops. Thus the farmer must use good judgment when planting and applying waste to
young crops. Young crops can not remove large quantities of nitrogen thus possibly requiring split
applications. Remember do not apply animal waste directly to crops scheduled for human
consumption.
Some residual nitrogen carry-over from the organic fraction in animal waste and crop residue will be left
on the irrigated land from year to year. This conversion from organic to inorganic nitrogen is called
mineralization. This carry-over of nitrogen may or may not need to be considered as the years
progress. Estimating carry-over nitrogen or mineralization rates is typically not done for animal waste
plans. In sandy soils, nitrogen carry-over tends to be less of a factor.
As one final point about the tables in this section, it is possible that annual P.A.N. amounts in the animal
waste could be lower than estimated, resulting in a nitrogen shortage that might even decrease yields.
In fact, several of the crop combinations show considerably more nitrogen removal potential than is
estimated will be produced, thus possibly reducing yield more than the R.Y.E. predicted. White most
farmers do not worry about a lack of nitrogen in animal waste, it could reduce the R.Y.E. shown in this
plan. Good record keeping of crop yields, waste analysis, and waste application volumes will be the
only way to accurately examine year-to-year nitrogen balances. '
TABLE 26 APPEARS IN ITS ENTIRETY ON THE NEXT PAGE
45

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 2
PAN REMOVAL ESTIMATES BASED ON CROP COMBINATIONS - A SUMMARY
PREDICTED P.A.N. IN ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT PER YEAR= 4,176 POUNDS/YEAR
ACRES OF LAND TO RECEIVE ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT= 31.26 ACRES
EXCESS OR AVG.POUNDS
ANNUAL (DEFECIT) OF P.A.N.
P.A.N. P.A.N.UPTAKE REMOVAL
REMOVED BASED ON POTENTIAL
CROP COMBINATIONS ASSUMING ALL BY COMBO, ANNUAL PER ACRE
FIELDS AND/OR APPLICATION ZONES ESTIMATES+ PER YEAR
GROW THE FOLLOWING ROTATIONS (Pounds) (Pounds) (Ibs/acre/yr)
......................................... ........... ........... ...........
TALL FESCUE (ONLY) 5,593 1,417 179
PEARL MILLET HAY-TALL FESCUE HAY 7,116 2,940 228
PEARL MILLET HAY-WHEAT HAY 5,732 1,556 183
WHEAT OR SMALL GRAIN HAY(ONLY) 4,270 94 137
+ = NEGATIVE VALUES IN THIS COLUMN MEAN MORE LAND IS NEEDED TO ACCEPT 100% OF THE P.A.N. GENERATED.
POSITIVE VALUES IN THIS COLUMN MEAN A FEW FIELDS COULD BE LEFT OUT AND STILL UPTAKE ALL EXPECTED P.A.N.
THESE VALUES ONLY ACCOUNT FOR NITROGEN PROVIDED BY ANIMAL WASTE. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE THE APPLICATION OF
COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS.
THE GROWER MAY USE A VARIETY OF CROP COMBINATIONS INSTEAD OF PLANTING ALL FIELDS IN ONE COMBINATION.
THIS TABLE IS GENERAL AND WAS DEVELOPED ASSUMING ALL FIELDS WILL BE GROWING THE SAME CROP COMBINATION
IN ANY GIVEN YEAR.
PAGE 46

LITTLE RIVER CAWNP
RCVISCDN E,2003
TABLE 27 -Estimating Broadcast Acres
This table contains several values associated with annual P.A.N, removal estimates mentioned in Tables
22 to 25. This table compares different crop combinations but assumes the same crop combination
would be grown in every Yield in any given year. One column shows how much annual P.A.N. could be
removed by using only irrigated land areas, which will be the most economical way to apply the
anaerobic lagoon effluent. The following conclusions can be drawn from this table.
a There is enough Ind to remove all the estimated nitrogen generated by the hogs.
• The only crop combination that will remove all the nitrogen by only using irrigated acres is a pearl
millet - tall fescue combination. All other single crops or crop combinations will require at least
some waste to be applied to broadcast acres.
a If the farmer wishes to not have a warm season crop like pearl millet, there is enough fescue acres to
remove ail the anticipated P.A.N. However, this would leave 3 to 4 months during the year
without a crop on which to apply waste.
a Planting wheat or small grain on all the crop land as the primary or only user of animal waste P.A.N.
is not anticipated.
As said before, the farmer may plant a variety of crops in different fields as long as all generated
nitrogen is utilized. This aspect will require some advanced crop planning by the farmer every year.
When all is factored into planting, the actual number of broadcast acres to use will depend on the crop
combinations and the yields from each field. Table 27 is based strictly on"book values".
TABLE 27 APPEARS IN ITS ENTIRETY ON THE NEXT PAGE
47

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 27
ESTIMATING BROADCAST ACRES NEEDED TO USE ALL P.A.N. GENERATED
PREDICTED P.A.N. IN ANAEROBIC LAGOON EFFLUENT PER YEAR= 4,176 LBSNEAR
MAXIMUM ACRES THATARE SLATED TO RECEIVE BROADCASTED WASTE? 10.68 ACRES
MAXIMUM ACRES THAT ARE SLATED TO RECEIVE IRRIGATED WASTE? 20.58 ACRES
EXCESS OR AREENOUGH
ANNUAL (DEFECIT) ADDITIONAL ACRES TOTAL WETTED
P.A.N. P.A.N.UPTAKE ACRES AVAILABLE ACRES
CROP COMBINATIONS ASSUMING ALL REMOVEDBY BASED ON NEEDED FOR FOR AVAILABLE
FIELDS AND/OR APPLICATION ZONES IRRIGATION IRRIGATED BROADCAST BROADCAST FOR TAKING
GROW THE FOLLOWING CROPS IN ONLY ACRES ONLY ON AVERAGE ALL ANIMAL
THE SAME YEAR (Pounds) (Pounds) + (acres) (acres) WASTE?
...............--...I................. ........... ........... -......... ........... I--.....
TALL FESCUE (ONLY) 3,722 (454) 2.59 10.68 YES
PEARL MILLET HAY-TALL FESCUE HAY 4,731 555 -2.48 10.68 YES
PEARL MILLET HAY-WHEAT HAY 3,806 (370) 2.05 10.68 YES
WHEAT OR SMALL GRAIN HAY(ONLY) 2,837 (1,339) 9.98 10.68 YES
+ = NEGATIVE VALUES IN THIS COLUMN MEAN THAT NOT ENOUGH LAND IS UNDER IRRIGATION TO ACCEPT
100% OF THE P.A.N. GENERATED, SO BROADCAST AREAS WILL BE NEEDED FOR THIS COMBINATION OF
CROPS. POSITIVE VALUES IN THIS COLUMN MEAN THERE IS NO NEED TO USE ANY BROADCAST AREAS TO
APPLY WASTE.THE GROWER MAY USE A VARIETY OF CROP COMBINATIONS INSTEAD OF PLANTING
ALL FIELDS IN THE SAME COMBINATION AS LONG AS ALL ANIMAL WASTE P.A.N. IS USED.
PAGE 48

LnTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISEDIl -,2003
TABLES 28 to 33- Nitrogen Application Windows And Amounts For Different Crops
Tables 28 to 32 will probably be the most useful tables to the fanner on a year-to-year basis in terms of
land application guidance. These tables show a variety of information for individual crops, and lists the
crop it follows. This is important in case there are nitrogen credits that need to be applied from a
previous crop (no nitrogen credit crops are planned for this farm); or if there are overseeded crop
conditions that might influence the R.Y.E. of the other. The farmer should look through these tables
and find the crop he/she plans to use on a given field, making sure he/she looks at the table which lists
the correct preceding crop. Residual nitrogen carry-over credits from nitrogen fixing crops will be
listed if applicable.
Nitrogen application windows -
These tables show individual crops and the typical windows of opportunity for the land application of
animal waste. These dates represent statewide limits. Planting and harvesting dates vary across the
state and from year to year, so these windows may be moved a little to account for specific farm needs.
Remember, animal waste can not be applied to a crop more than 30 days prior to planting or 30 days
prior to breaking dormancy or less than 30 days from harvest. The windows shown typically include the
30 days prior.
P.A.N. Application Amounts -
For a particular crop, the rate of P.A.N. utilization potential is shown in terms of pounds per acre per
year. These values were taken from Tables 22 through 25. A column is also shown for commercial
fertilizer applications, but the engineer has chosen not to use commercial fertilizer values for these
tables. The farmer is free to use commercial fertilizer but must record its use and can not over apply
nitrogen because of commercial fertilizer applications. The P.A.N. values estimated to be removed by a
specific crop are based on R.Y.E. values and will typically remain constant from year to year unless
crop yields end up being less than predicted. For example, if Table 28 shows field 1 will take off 166
pounds of P.A.N. per acre growing only fescue grass, then do not apply more than 166 pounds of
P.A.N. per acre even if the yields increase above those predicted. But if the grower thinks the yields of
fescue grass in field f will be 10 % less than predicted, reduce the amount of P.A.N. applied to field 1
by 10%.
Volume Of Waste To Apply -
Column 8 in these tables show the expected number of gallons of anaerobic lagoon effluent to apply to
any given application zone based on the P.A.N. values estimated to be removed by R.Y.E. This volume
was determined using the "book" values for anaerobic swine effluent and crop yields. The farmer
should remember that the volumes of effluent to apply are guidelines only and will vary, depending on
the latest waste analysis. The farmer will be responsible for estimating the total volume to apply based
on P.A.N. needs. The total gallons shown to apply on any given crop year may be more or less than the
actual amount of waste generated at the farm. However, the pounds of P.A.N. to land apply per crop
per acre should not change unless crop yields end up being less than predicted. The farmer is not
allowed to increase P.A.N. applications to a crop beyond those shown in this plan.
These tables show the maximum recommended volume of waste to apply at any single application
event. While several application events can occur in the same month so that more than 0.75 inches of
water is applied for the month, the farmer should limit any single application event to 0.75 inches or
less. Under very warm and dry conditions, the grower may apply up to 1 inch of water. However, the
49

L=LE RIVER CAWMI'
REVISEDIUNE,2003
maximum application should not routinely exceed 0.75 inches. Application amounts will vary according
to soil conditions, weather, and plant growth stage.
The reader must realize that monthly application rates will vary according to many factors. Also, the
engineer has assumed that liquid effluent will be available to deliver these nitrogen quantities. if the
animal waste effluent is greatly lacking the needed nutrients, or lacking sufficient liquid quantities the
operator "could" occasionally need to supplement nutrients. However, use caution when applying
commercial fertilizers.
Annually look at nutrients like phosphorous and metals to make sure you are not over applying this or
other nutrients. Crop yields must be figured back into the nitrogen removal equation. Always record
yields removed from all acreage. Also record fresh water irrigation events and the addition of
commercial fertilizer. The reader should be less concerned about "theoretical values" and more
concerned with keeping good records to see what is actually happening at their farm. The reader will
find examples later in this report that help explain the use of the farmer's recorded data.
Table 28 ............................ Tall Fescue Only (for hay)
Table 29 ............................ Tall Fescue (for hay) after Pearl Millet harvest.
Table 30 ............................ Pearl Millet (for hay) after Tall Fescue harvest.
Table 31 ............................ Pearl Millet (for hay) after Wheat harvest.
Table 32 ...........—.............. Wheat or Small Grain(for hay) after Pearl Millet harvest.
Table 33 ............................ Wheat or Small Grain Only (for hay).
TABLES 28 TO 33 APPEAR IN THEIR ENTIRETY ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES
50

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
TABLE_ 2-8-
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING FESCUE ONLY.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS. MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD& ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OF WASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULLOR UNDER IRR. APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTEFOR WASTEFOR
B.CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PER ACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PER YEAR PER CROP APP.EVENT++ APR EVENT
LD. (ACRES) APPL'N.+ APPLICATION (LBS/AC)*+ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GAUACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAUAC)
F1 2.510 8/1 to 7l31 BROADCAST 166 0 166 72,292 181,453 0.75 20,366
F2 4.076 811 to ml IRRIGATE 187 0 187 74,822 304,976 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 8/1 to 7131 IRRIGATE 183 0 183 73,264 374,697 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 811 to 70 IRRIGATE 170 0 170 67,808 159,213 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 8/1 to 7J31 IRRIGATE 173 0 173 69,367 338,440 0.75 20,366
F6 4.164 8/1 to 731 IRRIGATE 187 0 187 74,822 311,560 0.75 20,366
F7 0,610 8/1 to 7731 BROADCAST 170 0 170 73,704 44,960 0.75 20,366
F8 3.760 811 to 7131 BROADCAST 173 0 173 75,398 283,498 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 8/1 to 7131 BROADCAST 183 0 183 79,634 254,830 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 811 to W31 BROADCAST 187 0 187 81,329 48,797 0.75 20,366
TOTAL P.A. ., 1,780 TOTAL GALS, 2,302,324
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN 3D DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTING A CROP OR 3D DAYS PRIOR TO A CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY. TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROPS MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER NAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
*=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND
CROP MATURITY.MINIMIZE OR NO WASTE APPLICATIONS IN JUNE,JULY, DECEMBER AND JANUARY.
++=THIS VOLUME 15 CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT. APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 51

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, INC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
TABLE 29
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING FESCUE AFTER PEARL MILLET HARVEST.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS. MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD& ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OF WASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULL OR UNDER IRR. APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTE FOR WASTE FOR
B.CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PERACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PERCROP PER CROP APP.EVENT++ APREVENT
I.D. (ACRES) APPL'N+ APPLICATION (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GALIACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAVAC)
Fi 2,510 8/1 to 7131 BROADCAST 133 0 133 57,834 145,163 0.75 20,366
F2 4.076 Sit to 7/31 IRRIGATE 150 0 150 59,858 243,981 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 8/1 to 7131 IRRIGATE 147 0 147 58,611 299,677 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 811 to 7131 IRRIGATE 136 0 136 54,246 127,370 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 811 to 7/1 IRRIGATE 139 0 139 55,493 270,752 0.75 20,366
F6 4,164 8/1 to 7A31 IRRIGATE 150 0 150 59,858 249,248 0.76 20,366
F7 0.610 en to nil BROADCAST 136 0 136 58,963 35,968 0.75 20,366
F8 3,760 811 to 7r31 BROADCAST 139 0 139 60,319 226,799 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 8/1 to 70 BROADCAST 147 0 147 63,707 203,864 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 811 to nil BROADCAST 150 0 150 65,063 39,038 0.75 20,366
TOTAL P.A.N.= 1,424 TOTAL GALS, 1,841,859
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN 30 DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTING A CROP OR 30 DAYS PRIOR TO CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY, TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROP'S MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
+=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND
CROP MATURITY.MINIMIZE OR NO WASTE APPLICATIONS IN JUNE,JULY,DECEMBER AND JANUARY,
++=THIS VOLUME IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT. APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 52

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
TABLE 3-0-
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING PEARL MILLET AFTER FESCUE HARVEST.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS. MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD& ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OFWASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULL OR UNDER IRE. APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTE FOR WASTE FOR
8,CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PERACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PER CROP PER CROP APE.EVENT++ APP. EVENT
I.D. (ACRES) APPL'N- APPLICATION (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GAVACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAUAC)
F1 2.510 41 to 80 BROADCAST 81 0 81 35,280 88,553 0.75 20,356
F2 4,076 41 to ml IRRIGATE 88 0 88 35,240 143,637 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 41 to 801 IRRIGATE 86 0 86 34,506 176,427 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 41 to Brit IRRIGATE 80 0 80 31,936 74,986 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 41 to 851 IRRIGATE 82 0 82 32,670 159,398 0.75 20,366
F6 4.164 41 to ml IRRIGATE 88 0 88 35,240 146,738 0.75 20,366
F7 0.610 4l to Br31 BROADCAST 80 0 80 34,713 21,175 0.75 20,366
F8 3.760 41 to 851 BROADCAST 82 0 82 35,511 133,521 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 41 to Bret BROADCAST 86 0 86 37,506 120,019 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 4l to aril BROADCAST 88 0 8B 38,304 22,982 0.75 20,366
TOTAL P.A.N.= 841 TOTAL GALS, 1,087,436
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN 3D DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTING A CROP OR 30 DAYS PRIOR TO A CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY, TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROP'S MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
+=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND
CROP MATURITY.
++=THIS VOLUME IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT, APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 53

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS, OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
TABLE 31
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING PEARL MILLET AFTER WHEAT (SMALL GRAIN) HARVEST.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS. MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD& ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OF WASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULL OR UNDER IRE, APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTE FOR WASTE FOR
S.CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PER ACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PER CROP PER CROP APE.EVENT++ APP.EVENT
I.D. (ACRES) APPCN, APPLICATION (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GAUACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAUAC)
........ .....I...... ....-...... ............ .....«..... ............ +.....++..... ««........ ««........ .++......... «+..+......
F1 2.510 4I1 to 80 BROADCAST 97 0 97 42,336 106,263 0.75 20,366
F2 4.076 4/1 to al3l IRRIGATE 106 0 106 42,288 172,364 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 4/t to and IRRIGATE 104 0 104 41,407 211,712 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 4/1 t.ml IRRIGATE 96 0 96 38,323 89,983 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 �l to 8l31 IRRIGATE 98 0 98 39,204 191,277 0.75 20,366
F6 4.164 4ll to8kO IRRIGATE 106 0 106 42,288 176,086 0.75 20,366
F7 0.610 41 to ml BROADCAST 96 0 96 41,656 25,410 0.75 20,366
FS 3.760 4/1 to 8/31 BROADCAST 98 0 98 42,613 160,226 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 411 to 8,31 BROADCAST 104 0 104 45,007 144,023 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 4/l to a(31 BROADCAST 106 0 106 45,965 27,579 0.75 20,366
TOTAL P.A.N= 1,009 TOTAL GALS, 1,304,923
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN 80 DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTINGA CROP OR W DAYS PRIOR TO A CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY. TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROPS MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
+=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND
CROP MATURITY.
++=THIS VOLUME IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT. APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 54

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS 11,000 GALLONS
TABLE 3z
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING WHEAT OR SMALL GRAIN (HAY) AFTER PEARL MILLET HARVEST.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS, MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD& ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OF WASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULL OR UNDERIRR. APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTE FOR WASTE FOR
B.CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PER ACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PER CROP PER CROP APP.EVENT++ APR EVENT
I.D. (ACRES) APPCN.+ APPLICATION (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GAUACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAUAC)
F1 2.510 911 to 400 BROADCAST 78 0 78 33,809 84,860 0.75 20,368
F2 4.076 9/1 to Ora IRRIGATE 86 0 86 34,214 139,458 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 9/1 to4rd0 IRRIGATE 84 0 84 33,502 171,294 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 911 to Ora IRRIGATE 78 0 78 31,007 72,804 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 9/1 to 4r3O IRRIGATE 79 0 79 31,720 154,760 0.75 20,366
F6 4.164 9/1 to IRRIGATE 86 0 86 34,214 142,469 0.75 20,366
F7 0.610 WI to 4rO BROADCAST 78 0 78 33,703 20,559 0.75 20,366
F8 3.760 9/1 to Ora BROADCAST 79 0 79 34,478 129,637 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 9/1 to Ora BROADCAST 84 0 84 36,415 116,527 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 9/1 to Ora BROADCAST 86 0 86 37,190 22,314 0.75 20,366
TOTAL RAM, 816 TOTAL GALS, 1,054,681
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN a DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTING A CROP OR 30 DAYS PRIOR TO A CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY. TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROPS MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
+=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND
CROP MATURITY.MINIMIZE OR NO WASTE APPLICATIONS IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY.
++=THIS VOLUME IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT. APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 55

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OVVNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, INC.
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF IRRIGATED EFFLUENT= 2.5 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
AVG. AMOUNT OF P.A.N. PER 1,000 GALS. OF BROADCASTED EFFLUENT 2.3 POUNDS/ 1,000 GALLONS
TABLE_ n
ANIMAL WASTE APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR A SPECIFIC CROP SEASON
THIS TABLE SHOWS DATA FOR GROWING WHEAT OR SMALL GRAIN (HAY) ONLY.
WETTED RATE OF RATE OF TOTAL TOTAL GALS. TOTAL GALS. MAXIMUM MAXIMUM
FIELD 8 ACRES P.A.N.TO COMMERCIAL POUNDS OF EFFLUENT OF WASTE INCHES OF GALS.OF
PULL OR UNDER IRR. APPLY FROM NITROGEN TO OF NITROGEN TO APPLY TO APPLY WASTE FOR WASTE FOR
B.CAST OR UNDER WINDOW METHOD OF ANIMAL APPLY TO APPLY PERACRE IN THIS ZONE ASINGLE ASINGLE
ZONE BROADCAST OF WASTE WASTE WASTE PER ACRE ANNUALLY PER CROP PER CROP APP.EVENT++ APREVENT
I.D. (ACRES) APPCN.+ APPLICATION (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC)++ (LBS/AC) (GAUACRE) (GALLONS) (IN/ACRE) (GAUAC)
F1 2.510 911 to 430 BROADCAST 130 0 130 56,348 141,433 0.75 20,366
F2 4.076 911 to4t0 IRRIGATE 143 0 143 57,024 232,430 0.75 20,366
F3 5.113 911 to 430 IRRIGATE 140 0 140 55,836 285,489 0.75 20,366
F4 2.348 911 to 430 IRRIGATE 129 0 129 51,678 121,340 0.75 20,366
F5 4.879 9/1 tom IRRIGATE 132 0 132 52,866 257,933 0.75 20,366
F6 4.164 9/1 to 43C IRRIGATE 143 0 143 57,024 237,448 0.75 20,366
F7 0.610 911 to 437 BROADCAST 129 0 129 56,172 34,265 0.75 20,366
F8 3.760 911 to 4/3D BROADCAST 132 0 132 57,463 216,061 0.75 20,366
F9 3.200 9/1 to 4M BROADCAST 140 0 140 60,691 194,212 0.75 20,366
F10 0.600 911 to 430 BROADCAST 143 0 143 61,983 37,190 0.75 20,366
TOTAL P.A.N= 1,359 TOTAL GALS, 1,757,801
NOTE:THE FARMER MUST NOT APPLY ANIMAL WASTE MORE THAN 30 DAYS PRIOR TO PLANTING A CROP OR 30 DAYS PRIOR TO A CROP BREAKING
DORMANCY. ANIMAL WASTE APPLIED TO A CROP FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION MUST BE APPLIED AS A PREPLANT MEASURE ONLY, TOTAL NITROGEN
APPLIED CAN NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED AGRONOMIC RATES. IF A CROPS MAXIMUM NITROGEN UPTAKE POTENTIAL EXCEEDS THE P.A.N.
APPLIED FROM ANIMAL WASTE,A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER MAY BE USED. POST EMERGENCE NITROGEN NEEDS FOR CROPS SCHEDULED FOR
HUMAN CONSUMPTION CAN NOT BE SUPPLIED VIA ANIMAL MANURE.THIS TABLE IS ONLY A GUIDE AND IS ONLY SHOWN FOR A SINGLE CROP.
THIS TABLE ACCOUNTS FOR ANY RESIDUAL NITROGEN CREDITS FROM THE PREVIOUS CROP.
+=ANIMAL WASTE IS TYPICALLY APPLIED IN THESE MONTHS. NITROGEN APPLICATION AMOUNTS SHOULD MATCH STAGE OF CROP GROWTH AND ,
CROP MATURITY.MINIMIZE OR NO WASTE APPLICATIONS IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY.
++=THIS VOLUME IS CONSIDERED A NORMAL MAXIMUM FOR ANY ONE APPLICATION EVENT. APPLICATION AMOUNTS MAY BE LESS.
PAGE 56

LITTLE RIVLR CAW '
REVISED NNE.2003
TABLE 34-- Example Water Balance
The water level inside lagoons and ponds will rise and fall according to water inputs and outputs. It is
always prudent to look back over the proposed land application program and develop a water balance
to show there is sufficient volume within the storage structures to accommodate excess waste between
application events. At Little River Farm all water will typically be stored in the second stage lagoon.
As shown in the tables discussed above, there are several possible land application schedules that may
be used at this farm. Thus it would be very complicated to discuss a water balance using all possible
crop growing combinations. However to at least illustrate the point of balancing land application to
waste storage, the engineer has chosen one crop combination over a 2 year rotation to develop an
example of the rise and fall of stored water. This is only an example and will also help illustrate how the
above tables work. This table looks only at irrigation -i.e. no broadcasting.
The crop rotation chosen for this example is pearl millet (hay) - tall fescue (hay) for the first and second
! years. For this example it has been assumed all fields would grow this same crop combination. This
example assumes the amount of wastewater generated by the hogs to be constant each month, and in a
quantity estimated using NRCS numbers. This table does not account for above or below normal
rainfall months, excess wastewater production by the hogs, or seasonal variations in wastewater
generation. The engineer has also chosen a reasonable land application amount for selected months for
!, each crop grown. A fixed volume inside the lagoon has been assumed to start the table.
As a result of these assumptions, it can be seen in column 7 that the stored wastewater volume changes
from month to month. A maximum volume of 1,471,459 gallons is shown to occur in September of
year 2. This is well below the maximum storage volume of the second stage lagoon. The farmer can
not apply more waste than is available, so he/she may wish to postpone land application events until
they will do the most good for a particular crop.
The farmer must adhere to lagoon designs as well as maximum and minimum storage volumes. Always
know your storage pond liquid level and available storage volume (remember we do get hurricanes in
NC). Lower water levels in storage systems before the on-set of long wet seasons. A key item to
remember is to keep water levels inside the lagoon low enough to store at least two 25 year - 24 hour
storm before overflow.
Since there are always monthly variations in lagoon water levels, the farmer is required to read the high
water levels in each lagoon weekly and record these variations.
TABLE 34 APPEARS IN ITS ENTIRETY ON THE NEXT PAGE
57

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G.PURVIS FARMS,INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY,NC.
TABLE 3
LONG TERM WATER BALANCE EXAMPLE USING A
PEARL MILLET (HAY) - TALL FESCUE (HAY) COMBINATION EVERY YEAR.
CONSIDERING IRRIGATION ONLY (i.e. NO BROADCAST ZONES)
ASSUMED LIQUID VOL.INSIDE LAGOON 2IN JANUARY OF YR.1 = 1,000,OW GALS#
MAXIMUM LIQUID APPLICATIONS BASED ON P.A.N.CROP REMOVAL FOR YEAR 1 = 1,892,213 GALLONS
MAXIMUM LIQUID APPLICATIONS BASED ON P.A.N.CROP REMOVAL FOR YEAR 2= 1,892,213 GALLONS
GALLONS OF EFFLUENT PRODUCED PER YEAR(AVG.)= 1,�,280 GALLONS
HOW MANY WETTED ACRES ARE UNDER IRRIGATION?= 20.59 ACRES
EFFLUENT EFFLUENT ESTD.P.A.A. CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE
YEAR ACTIVELY APPLIED APPLIED APPLIED VOL.IN SUM OF
OF GROWING TO CROP TO CROP PER ACRE LAGOON 2 WASTE
MONTH ROTATION CROP UN/MONTH) (GALS/MO.) (LSS/ACNO) (GALS) APPLIED
........... ........... ...I....... ...I.......... ..........I... .............. .............. ..............
January 1 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 1,162,690 0
February 1 FESCUE 0.60 335,298 41 990,082 335,298
March 1 FESCUE 0.75 419,122 51 733,650 754,420
April 1 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 896,340 754,420
May 1 P.MILLET 0,00 0 0 1,059,030 754,420
June 1 P.MILLET 0.75 419.122 51 802,598 1,173,542
July 1 P.MILLET 0.75 419,122 51 546,166 1,592,664
August 1 P.MILLET 0.00 0 0 708,856 1,592,664
September 1 P.MILLET 0.00 0 0 871,546 1,592,664
October 1 FESCUE 0.52 290,591 35 743,645 1,883,255
November 1 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 906.335 1,883,255
December 1 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 1.069.025 1.883,255
January 2 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 1,231,715 0
February 2 FESCUE 0.35 195,590 24 1,198,815 195,590
March 2 FESCUE 0.50 279,415 34 1,082,090 475,005
April 2 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 1,244,780 475,005
May 2 P.MILLET 0.00 0 0 1.407,470 475,005
June 2 P.MILLET 0.55 307,356 37 1,262,804 782,361
July 2 P.MILLET 0.50 279,415 34 1,146.079 1,061,776
August 2 P.MILLET 0.00 0 0 1,308,769 1,061,776
September 2 P.MILLET 0.00 0 0 1,471,459 1.061,776
October 2 FESCUE 1.10 614,712 75 1.019,437 1.676,488
November 2 FESCUE 0.39 217.943 26 954.184 1,894,431
December 2 FESCUE 0.00 0 0 1.126,674 1.894,431
=THE LAGOON ACCUMULATIONS SHOWN IN THIS COLUMN DO NOT ACCOUNT FOR WIDE MONTHLY RAINFALL
VARIATIONS OR EXTREME MONTHLY EVAPOTRANSPORATION VARIATIONS. SUCH VARIATIONS COULD BE
SIGNIFICANT AND CHANGE THIS WATER BALANCE TABLE FROM WHAT IS SHOWN ABOVE. THIS TABLE WILL BE
DIFFERENT EVERY YEAR AND IS ONLYAN APPROXIMATION SHOWN TO ILLUSTRATE LAGOON VOLUME
CHANGES WITH RESPECT TO LAND APPLICATION ACTIVITIES.THIS IS NOT A DETAILED WATER BALANCE
TABLE AND IS LARGELY BASED ON BOOK VALUES.
#=A MINIMUM VOLUME OF AROUND 1,0W,000 GALLONS WAS ASSUMED TO BE IN THE LAGOON AT THE
START OF THIS EXAMPLE. THIS VALUE WILL VARY EACH YEAR.
PAGE 58

LITrtE RIVER CAW W
MVISEDID - 2003
TABLE 35-- Generalized Anaerobic Lagoon Sludge Disposal Example
Table 35 shows a table with all of the crops proposed for this farm and a predicted amount of nitrogen
each crop can remove per acre. This table only shows single crops and not crop combinations. This
table does not take into account every soil type or slope or erosion class, but more or less gives an
example of a typical R.Y.E. for soils found at this farm. This table was developed only to give some
general guidance to the farmer and to show how much land may be required in the future to remove the
P.A.N. from anaerobic lagoon sludge. THIS TABLE IS ONLY FOR GUIDANCE AND PLANNING
and should not be used as a final sludge application table. The sludge nitrogen content shown on this
table is a book value.
li The reader will note that every field to receive sludge will need to be evaluated on its own merit. Each
field will vary in potential crop yield and P.A.N. removal. Also, the farmer must obtain a representative
sludge sample for analysis prior to land applying the sludge. The farmer should consider carrying all
sludge off the farm to neighboring fields during the sludge removal event. Since there are so many
variables with sludge removal, it is impossible to make predictions beyond those shown in Table 35.
According to Table 35, the fewest acres required for sludge removal results from growing tall fescue
hay, followed by pearl millet for hay. The crop requiring the most acres for sludge removal would be
wheat, oats, or a cool season mixed grass hay. Growing 2 crops per year would further reduce the
required acres to take sludge.
TABLE 35 APPEARS IN ITS ENTIRETY ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE
59

FARM NAME: LITTLE RIVER FARM
FARM OWNER(S): N.G. PURVIS FARMS, INC.
FARM LOCATION: MONTGOMERY COUNTY, NC.
TABLE 3�i
ESTIMATING CROP ACRES NEEDED TO USE P.A.N. GENERATED BY SLUDGE
A VERY GENERAL GUIDE
PREDICTED P.A.N.IN ANAEROBIC LAGOON SLUDGE - 5 YEARS(BOOKVALS)= 3.305 LBS/5 YEARS
PREDICTED P.A.N.IN ANAEROBIC LAGOON SLUDGE PER 1,000 GALS,(BOOKVAL.) 11.29 LBS/1,000 GALLONS
ACRES OF CROP NEEDED TO USE SLUDGE GENERATED IN 5 YEARS
........................................................................................
ASSUMED
ASSUMED N.REMOVAL P.A.N. ACRES OF
CROP COMBINATIONS ASSUMING ALL R.Y.E. PER UNIT REMOVAL CROP NEEDED
FIELDS AND/OR APPLICATION ZONES FOR THIS OFCROP PER FOR
GROW THE FOLLOWING CROPS IN CROP FOR UNITS FOR HARVESTED ACRE SLUDGE.
THE SAME YEAR THIS EXAMPLE R.Y.E. (pounds) (Ibslac) (acres)
�,. _..,. .............. .............. .............. ........... ...........
TALL FESCUE HAY 3.8 TONS/AC/YR 44.00 167 19.8
PEARL MILLET HAY 3.5 TONS/AC/YR 48.00 168 19.7
SMALL GRAIN HAY ONLY 3.0 TONS/AC/YR 45.00 135 24.5
=THIS IS A VERY GENERAL GUIDE FOR ESTIMATING THE AMOUNT OF ACRES REQUIRED TO REMOVE THE P.A.N.
GERNERATED AT THIS FARM OVER AS YEAR TIME. THIS TABLE IS ONLY BEING SUPPLIED TO GIVE SOME BASIC
GUIDANCE FOR FUTURE PLANNING OF SLUDGE REMOVAL EVENTS. THE FARMER SHOULD BE CAREFUL
ABOUT GETTING AN ACCURATE SLUDGE ANALYSIS PERFORMED PRIOR TO MAKING SLUDGE REMOVAL PLANS.
THE GROWER IS DISCOURAGED FROM APPLYING SLUDGE ON THE SAME LAND THAT ROUTINELY RECEIVES
EFFLUENT.
+=NORMALLY,NOT ALL THE P.A.N.FROM SLUDGE SHOULD BE LAND APPLIED AT ONE TIME,BUT OVER A FULL
GROWING SEASON, IF ALL SLUDGE WERE TO BE PUT OUT AT THE SAME TIME,THE APPLICATION AMOUNTS WOULD
NEED TO BE LESS PER ACRE AND MORE ACRES WOULD BE NEEDED, THIS WOULD AMOUNT TO DOUBLE OR TRIPLE
THE AMOUNT OF ACRES SHOWN IN THIS COLUMN.
PAGE 60

L1171,17 RIVER CAWMP
REVISED JUKE,2003
How To Use Tables 28 through 33
Below the reader will find examples using tables 28 through 33. These are examples only but
should help illustrate the usefulness of these tables.
EXAMPLE 1: The farmer wants to land apply animal waste to field F2 in this example. The Farmer is
growing tall fescue grass on the field in the cool seasons and pearl millet in the warm season this
particular year. It is now March 1 and the farmer has yet to apply any P.A.N. thus far this year. The
farmer wishes to land apply 55 pounds of nitrogen to the fescue now, 45 pounds in April, and then
apply about 30 pounds to his pearl millet after it emerges (say in June). The following is a "process"
the farmer would use to estimate the amount of P.A.N. to land apply. The numbers are for illustration
only.
1. From Table 29 he/she sees that the plan allows 150 pounds of P.A.N. per acre for fescue grass
following pearl millet in field F2. He/she sees from this table that he/she can apply nitrogen from
August 1 to July 31 or all year provided the fescue crop is growing. Thus, the 150 pounds is an
annual application rate and includes a fall application amount. The total wetted acres in field F2 are
4.076.
2. Assume in mid February a NCDA waste analysis of the lagoon effluent comes back showing the
P.A.N. is 1.5 pounds per 1,000 gallons. How does the farmer figure the amount of water to apply?
3. For March he/she wants to apply about 55 pounds of P.A.N. per acre.
(55 pounds/acre)/(1.5 pounds N/ 1,000 gallons) = 36,667 gallons per acre
or
36,667 gallons/acre/27,154 gallons/ac-in= 1.35 inches
Note: This amount of liquid is too much to apply in one application. The farmer should consider
applying this amount in at least two applications, perhaps 0.65 inches and 0.7 inches about 10 to 14
days apart.
A new waste sample shall be collected within 60 days of an application event. Therefore he/she
collects another sample of the lagoon effluent in late March. The result of this sample is 1.72
pounds P.A.N, per 1,000 gallons of effluent. Below are the calculations showing each month after
the new waste results come back.
April: (45 pounds/acre)/(1.72 pounds/ 1,000 gallons) = 26,163 gallons per acre or
26,163 gallons/27,154 gallons per acre-inch= 0.963 inches per acre.
Apply waste in split applications, waiting 7 to 10 days between
application events.
Early June: (30 pounds/acre)/(1.72 pounds/ 1,000 gallons) = 17,442 gallons per acre or
17,442 gallons/27,154 gallons per acre-inch = 0.64 inches per acre.
Apply waste in one application.
61

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,2003
EXAMPLE 2: It is very important that the farmer keep track of total nitrogen applied verses the
amount of nitrogen removed. Here is an example of how this (night work. Assume the farmer is
totaling up the amount of P.A.N. applied last year and comparing this to the volume of crops harvested.
Table 36 shows an example of how things might look. These numbers are for illustration only and do
not relate specifically to Little River Farm.
TABLE 36
EXAMPLE- CROP AND NITROGEN BALANCES FOR 1 YEAR (example numbers onl
Field Tow ToW Tow Tow Tow Tow P.A.N. P.A.N. P.A.N. Tow -P.A.N.-
Corn Wheat Fesaoe P.A.N. P.A.N. P.A.N. Upwse UpW W u, Uptake Colcated Over
Yield Yield any Applied Applied Applied Perna Per Bu. Per Ton P.A.N. Applleatbn
(bo) (bu) Yield To Corn To To O(Com Of Wheal Of UplaRe OR
(tons) (pounds) Wheat Fescue + + Fescue From (Under
(pounds) (pounds) (lb.,Au) Obs.lbo) (lay Yields Application)
Obvlton) (A"G)+ (D+E+F),1
(B-11)
+(CI) (pounds)
(powds)
A B C D E F G
Field I 2,980 1,440 *** 3,275 1 2,785 *** 1.12 1 2.01 1 *** 6,232 1 - 172
Field2 201 9] *** 222 189 *** 1.12 2.01 *** 408 3
58 *** *** 2,580 *** *** 45 2.610 - 30
Pield4 645 288 *** 795 G04 *** 1.12 2,01 *** 1,301 98
Totals 3,82E 1,819 58 4,292 3,578 2,580 ****** ****** ****** 10,551 - 101
Columns A through C would be totaled from the farmer's crop harvest records.
Columns D through F would be totaled from the farmer's manure application records (plus his waste analyses).
Columns G through 1 are the anticipated nitrogen uptake per unit of harvested crop. These values are listed in the
tables of the farmer's CAWMP.
Column I is the sum of the P.A.N. uptake per field.
Column K shows the amount of P.A.N. over or under application.
Table 36 (example) shows that less P.A.N. was applied to fields 1 and 3 than was shown could be taken
off through recorded crop yield data. This is OK since the under-application of P.A.N. is not a
regulatory issue but it can be a negative economic issue. However, too little nitrogen can cause crop
yield decreases. Field 2 had a very close balance of P.A.N. for the crop yield. Field 4 had too much
nitrogen applied compared to the crop yields, but the over application was only about 7.5% more than
was removed. The farmer is cautioned about over-applications since over-applications might eventually
cause groundwater problems. If this were an accurate report of farming activities, the farm wide
nitrogen balance is not too far off the target amount in "real world" operational terms. The farmer
operator should cut back just a little on the P.A.N. application to field 4 for the next crop to avoid long
term problems with nitrogen and possibly increase applications on field 1. Seldom will a field remove
the exact pounds of P.A.N. applied, but from a regulatory standpoint and environmental standpoint, it is
best to apply too little nitrogen than too much. A final word of caution -- When considering animal
waste, the farmer is not allowed to apply more P.A.N. per acre than what is called for in the CAWMP,
even if the crop yield on that field accounts for the increased P.A.N. application. So during the year,
check your plan to help you regulate your P.A.N, applications.
62

LM1ERwLRCAWMP
REVISEDM ,2003
OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
General
The right animal waste application equipment is extremely important in terms of the farmer's ability to
accurately measure and control the application of animal waste. However, when it comes to properly
operating irrigation equipment (or broadcast equipment) the farmer must be familiar with his/her
equipment and have a good understanding of pump curves, pumping rates, basic math, and possess the
willingness to keep good records. This revised agronomic plan is not intended to be a comprehensive
irrigation or crop production teaching manual. The engineer must assume the farmer can take the
presented information and apply it to his or her farm.
Irrigation Equipment Operation
Each time the traveling gun is set up it will need to be adjusted according to the desired delivery. It is
beyond the scope and purpose of this revision to the Little River Farm CAWW to predict all pumping
rates and traveler retrieval rate combinations to achieve the desired application but Exhibits 25 and 27
go into some detail about such matters. The engineer must however rely on the farmer's record keeping
ability to accurately track gallons pumped and nutrient amounts delivered. Adjustments can also be
made in engine speeds to increase or lower irrigation rates but use caution since this will also change
application coverage. The farmer will find it most convenient to adjust gun cart retrieval speed when
changing application volumes. Cart speed will not change the effective irrigation coverage or nozzle
gpm. Please note that more water will be applied at the bottom of hills than at the tops. This will be
mainly due to the higher nozzle pressures at lower elevations. The .0200 rules say that the waste can
j not be over-applied and there can not be run-off. Therefore the farmer may find it more convenient to
set applications to be correct at low points and thereby apply less on hill tops as the cart is being
retrieved. Otherwise the farmer will need to adjust the delivery rate throughout the pull on hills.
Averages can also be used if over applications do not occur in low areas.
The irrigation operator shall keep records on equipment repairs, maintenance, and irrigation
j calibrations. Irrigation calibration shall be done at least one time per year but twice per year would be
better. Information on irrigation calibration can be seen as Exhibit 25. The farmer should consult with
his or her irrigation dealer to obtain more information on calibration or contact the engineer for some
on-site help.
For smooth irrigation, the operator will need to predetermined gun cart paths and travel lanes, especially
in recently cleared or uneven fields. This will be most important between hills and where hills would
tilt the gun cart to the side. A tilted gun cart is more easily turned over and will also alter the effective
coverage of the spray. If needed to smooth out cart paths, remove all stumps and large rocks, and place
soil in gullies and valleys.
Wastewater shall not be allowed to run off any field at any time. Application rates should be as
low as needed to avoid surface run-off or water pending. When using traveling guns the instantaneous
application rate is often above continuous application rates, however the duration is minimal so run-off
should not occur. Always use extreme caution if irrigating soon after rain events or in cool weather.
Application volumes of 0.75 inches or less per irrigation event are recommended by the engineer, but
hot dry weather may allow for slightly more than 0.75 inches per event. Strong slopes will cause
irrigation volumes to be less or require pull rates to be fast. If irrigation selections are causing run-off,
the operator should change nozzles, increase travel speed, reduce application or pump rates, etc.
Changing gut cart speed is probably the easiest adjustment, but it will not change the application rate.
63

LFITIT,MW-,R CAWMP
REVISED 3tINE,2003
The farmer should avoid irrigating low areas in the fields or spots which tend to stay wet. Keep good
vegetative buffers between irrigated fields and the creek. The engineer would recommend very limited
irrigation or no irrigation in grass water ways, stormwater channels, and near down-slope grass buffers.
The operator of an agricultural irrigation system for wastewater must be certified. Certification details
are not discussed within this document but more information on the irrigation operators certification
program can be obtained by calling the N.C. Division of Soil and Water Conservation at (919) 733-
2302.
!i The existing irrigation pipe at Little River Farm is a mixture of 4 inch and 6 inch PVC. The 6 inch PVC
pipe is, SDR21, class 200 gasketed joint pipe. All 4 inch PVC pipe is schedule 40, glued or gasketed
joint pipe. Pipes are reported to be installed about 36 to 40 inches deep.
Concrete thrust blocks are necessary on irrigation system piping in order to prevent pipe movement and
failure. Very often air in the pipe lines will cause water hammer to occur. Sudden shocks due to water
hammer or water rushes can loosen joints or break pipe. Thrust blocks are especially needed for pipes 4
inches in diameter or larger and for gasketed joint pipe. Reaction blocks should be installed at bends
greater than 10 degrees.
Tables 37 and 38 show suggested reaction areas for thrust blocking. These are guidelines in case new
piping is installed. Concrete should be well mixed and be at least a 2500 pound consistency. Thrust
blocks are usually between 4 and 12 inches thick and back up against the undisturbed soil of a trench
wall. These are given for future guidance.
TABLE 37
Minimum Concrete Thrust Block Areas For PVC Pipe
j Maximum Test Pressure Assumed=160 psi
Thrust Block Areas (sq.ft.)
-_----------------------------_--------___._---_____--------_----___
Location Sandy Loams+ Medium Firm Clays ++
4 inch pipe 6 inch pipe 4 inch pipe 6 inch pipe
90 degree elbows 1.6 3.4 1.2 2.4
60 degree elbows 1.2 2.4 0.8 1.7
45 degree elbows 0.9 1.8 0.6 1.3
30 degree elbows 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.9
22.5 degree elbows 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.7
Dead ends 1.2 2.4 0.8 1.7
Tees 1 0.8 1.7 0.6 1.2
H drams 1.6 3.4 1.2 2.4
Drains L2 2.4 0.8 1.7
Ground entry pipe 0.9 1.9 0.7 1.4
Valves 1.3 2.6 1 0.9 1.9
* Calculated using formula and tables from publication"Pipe For Irrigation"by Ronald E. Sneed and R.E. Marshbum.
More firm soils will reduce thrust block surface areas. Less firm soils will increase thrust block areas.
+ Sandy Loams assumed at 2,500 lbs/sq. ft.
+ Medium Fimt Clay assumed at 3,500 Ibs/sq. ❑.
64

LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED R ,2003
TABLE 38
Minimum Concrete Thrust Block Areas For PVC Pipe
Maximum Test Pressure Assumed = 200 psi
Thrust Block Areas (sq. ft.)
Location andy Loams+ Medium Firm Cla s++
4 'inch pipe 6 inch pipe 4 inch pipe 6 inch pipe
90 degree elbows 2 4.2 L5 3.0
60 degree elbows 1.5 3.0 1.0 2.1
45 degree elbows 1.1 2.3 0.8 1.6
30 degree elbows 0.8 1.6 0.5 1.1
22.5 degree elbows 0.6 12 0.4 0.8
Dead ends 1.5 3.0 1.0 2.1
Tees 1.0 2.1 0.7 1.5
H drams 2.0 4.2 3.0
j Drains 1.5 3.0 1.LS0 2.1
Ground entry pipe 1.2 2.4 0.8 1.7
Valves 1.6 1 3.3 1.1 2.3
`Calculated using formula and tables from publication"Pipe For Irrigation'by Ronald E. Sneed and A.E. Marshbum,
More firm soils will reduce thrust block surface areas. Less fiml soils will increase thrust block areas.
+ Sandy Loams assumed at 2,500 lbs/sq.ft.
+ Medium Firm Clay assumed at 3,500 lbs/sq.R.
i
Valves to control flow should be of a size and type that is consistent with the volume and material type
being pumped. Swine effluent is corrosive. Ball and butterfly type valves tend to be more durable than
gate valves but either is acceptable. Never shut off valves quickly or open them quickly under full
Flow conditions. Be careful when filling empty pipes in order to avoid water hammer and their possible
rupture when water rushes through the system. Table 39 is a general guide for filling irrigation Type
piping.
TABLE 39
SAFE FILLING RATES FOR MAINLINE IRRIGATION PIPE +
Nominal Pipe Diameter(inches) Maximum Fill Rate(gallons per minute)++
2 11
2.5 15
3 24
4 40
6 80
8 150
10 250
12 350
14 475
16 620
18 780
20 980
24 1400
65

L=LE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED NNE,tom
+ This table was obtained from information given in a NCSU training class on irrigation. It appears to have
originated from David D. Davis and Associates.
++Slowly increase flow rates. Use caution to fill pipes according to this table every time the mainline has
drained down by 10 percent of its volume capacity.
Broadcast Equipment Operation
The principal behind effective broadcasting of animal waste is much the same as with irrigation. The
operator wants to put the waste out at a controlled rate so as to benefit the crop but minimize any
chance for environmental damage. Therefore the operator should observe the same safety precautions
against excess applications as was mentioned above for irrigation.
For ease in record keeping, the operator will need to predetermined general travel lanes, paths, or field
sections that are routinely covered. This should be easy to establish after pulling the spreader through a
given field one or two times. If needed, cut down a few trees, smooth out travel paths, remove all
stumps and large rocks, and place soil in pot holes or dips in the field. Try to keep your travel paths as
uniform and straight as possible.
Animal manure shall not be allowed to discharge off of any field at any time. Application rates
should be as low as needed to avoid manure piling or surface build-up. Strong slopes will encourage
manure run-off when it rains so apply carefully in these areas. The farmer should avoid applying heavy
amounts of animal waste in low areas in the fields or spots which tend to stay wet. Keep good
vegetative buffers between application areas and the creek. Minimize manure applications in stormwater
ditches or in grass water ways, and near down-slope grass buffers. All waste shall be applied inside
buffers. Buffers can be seen in Exhibit 4.
Little River Farm will be broadcasting animal waste with their own equipment and personnel. This
person(s)must be familiar with all aspects of this plan, including but not limited to the rules for the land
application of animal waste, field buffers, the broadcasting equipment, recent soils analysis, nitrogen
removal potential, crop conditions, etc. All activities must be recorded and kept on file at the farm
office. Exhibit 26 shows how to calibrate liquid broadcasting equipment.
Typically, several adjustments are available on a liquid manure spreader which aids in controlling
manure application rates. Often, pull speed (i.e. travel speed) is one of the easier adjustments for the
operator to make in order to apply more or less manure per acre. On some spreaders there are valve
controls, pressure controls, and spray direction controls. The operator should record each load of
manure hauled. This would include the date, which field received the waste, volume of manure per
load, where applied on the field, how many square feet or acres were covered, etc. The operator should
know how much a full load contains and accurately judge how much is in each tanker load hauled (e.g.
2/3 full, 80% full, etc.).
Broadcast spreading often occurs following the contours of the field perimeter, so the operator can
continue to spread without stopping the tractor or truck. This makes for a circular, oval, or rectangular
pattern of application. If the fields are relatively rectangular, the operator may wish to keep the
application patterns as parallel as possible to aid in keeping track of where nutrients have been applied.
The operator should put up markers at the beginning and end of each section of field where waste has
been applied in order to avoid over-application or under-application. If the application paths are dark
from the waste, this may in and of itself serve to mark the coverage area that day, but this will not be
66

=I.E RIVER CAWM1fP
REVISED JMC,2003
5. Regularly inspect all earthen dams and embankments for settling or bulges, side slope stability,
rodent damage,jug holes or pock marks, erosion scars, wave action damage, weeping, etc. Weeds
should be mown at least one time per year and two times per year in heavy growth years so the
operator can see problems before they get serious. Do not allow bush or woody vegetation to grow
on earthen dikes.
6. Do not drive vehicles across emergency spillways. Keep the spillway clear of limbs, tall plant
growth, logs, floating debris, sedimentation, etc. Watch for erosion and settling.
7. Animal grazing on dams and embankments can cause problems and is not allowed.
8. Inspect all dams, earthen embankments, and emergency spillways at least two times per year or after
every significant storm event. The owner/operator shall keep a written record on all inspections,
maintenance and repairs done on the lagoon and or dam.
9. Always maintain freeboards in ponds and lagoons. Allow more freeboard if irrigation pumps are
not readily available for this pond.
10. Try to avoid large rapid liquid level reductions inside the pond. Always observe the inside dam
sides for possible liner sloughing during rapid liquid draw-downs. Repair damaged lagoon liners
immediately. Try to keep draw-down no more than 12 inches in 24 hours.
11. Emergency spillways should be kept clear of trash and debris. A good grass cover should be
maintained at and down slope of emergency spillways.
12. Avoid unnecessary agitation of the pond when not irrigating. This will help control odors. Take
measures to allow water to flow into the pond in a gentle fashion instead of splashing or cascading.
Inlet piping should be placed below water surface as long as the water inside the houses will drain
out fully. Extreme care should be used when filling the lagoon so as to avoid eroding a scar into the
side of the lagoon and exposing undesirable soils. Use temporary flexible drainage pipe if necessary
to transfer waste to the liquid surface. Flexible pipe can be left in lagoon.
13. The terminal end of inlet piping should extend just under the water surface. However, if manure is
scraped or is thick, the inflow pipe may be mounted above the water level. If the pipe outlets are
under water and the pipes are air tight the pipes should be equipped with vapor traps and vents to
prevent gasses from moving back toward the confinement houses. Clean out ports should also be
provided for each set of pipes. USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN INSTALLING PIPES
ACROSS FILL MATERIAL SUCH AS A DAM. CONSULT THE ENGINEER OR NRCS
BEFORE DIGGING.
14. Irrigation pump intakes should be no more than 18 inches below the liquid surfaces of lagoons or
ponds.
15, Take extreme care to select optimum conditions for spray irrigation of wastewater and sludge
removal events. Careful planing will help minimize odors. Irrigate wastewater in dry warm weather
if possible, preferably before 12 noon. Avoid weekend and holiday irrigation unless absolutely
necessary. Try to irrigate when wind is not blowing toward neighbors.
16. New products are being developed to help minimize odors from animal operations. The
owner/operator may utilize such products but these should only be done according to manufacture's
recommendations and with caution. Many of these products do not reduce odors and are a waste of
money. Rapid additions of enzymes or chemicals could cause microbial upsets.
17. Keep trash, dead animals, and spilled feed cleaned up and properly disposed. Regularly haul off
dead animal carcasses or seek other accepted carcass disposal methods.
68

[.1171 7 RIVER CAWMI'
RL'VTSED. E,2003
18. In North Carolina prevailing winds blow from the southwest toward the northeast, however they
can blow from any direction at any time (see Table 40). Plant or maintain trees on the west and
southwest side of the farm to act as a wind break. Plant trees between irrigation fields and
neighbors or public highways. Avoid spraying on windy days or when the wind is blowing toward
nearby neighbors.
19. Keep at least 12 inches of air space between the bottom of concrete slats and under floor waste
accumulations.
20. Sludge applications onto bare soil should be soil incorporated within 48 hours of application to help
control odors.
TABLE 40
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA BY SEASON
SEASON MEAN RESULTANT SURFACE WIND
DIRECTION
Mid Spring Aril south-west blowing to the north-east
Mid Summer Jul south-south-west blowing to the north-north-east
Mid Autumn October north-north-east blowing to the south-south-west
Mid Winter(January) west blowing to the east
Average for Year south-west blowing to the north-east
* Source of this table is Climatography of the United States Series 82, Decennial Census of the United
States Climate, -- Summary of Hourly Observations, 1951-60 (Table B).
ii
Odor Control And Air Quality Regulations
The NC Division of Air Quality (DAQ) has rules for odor control at animal operations. These rules are
under the Air Quality Rules 2D, Section .1800 - Control Of Odors. Most of these rules are mentioned
in the above section but are being listed herein for emphasis. A few of the more important
considerations associated with air quality rules are listed below for the farmer's information.
• The carcasses of dead animals shall be properly stored at all times and disposed of within 24 hours
of discovery. Disposal processes shall comply with the State Veterinarian guidelines under G.S.
106-403.
• Spray irrigation activities of wastewater can not be allowed to drift beyond the farm boundary
except for the purposes of maintaining a safe lagoon freeboard. This would be an emergency
situation. Farmers must contact the Division of Water Quality (DWQ) and the Division of Air
Quality (DAQ) in emergency situations and before irrigating effluent as a result of weather
extremes.
• Animal wastewater application spray system intakes shall be located near the liquid surface of the
animal wastewater lagoon. Locate intakes no more than 18 inches below the surface.
• Ventilation fans shall be maintained according to the manufacturer's specifications.
• Animal feed storage containers located outside of animal containment buildings shall be covered
except when necessary to remove or add feed. This does not apply to the storage of silage or hay or
to commodity boxes with roofs.
69

UTTUi RIVER CAWMP
UVISCDID -,2003
• Animal wastewater flush tanks may be covered with a device that is designed for ready access to
prevent overflow or shall have installed a fill pipe that extends below the surface of the tank's
wastewater. This is a recommendation by the engineer and not a DAQ rule.
• The discharge point of the flush water discharge pipe shall extend to a point at or below the surface
of the animal wastewater lagoon. This is a recommendation by the engineer and not a DAQ rule.
Insect Control (apply as needed)
Insect control is an important aspect of the day to day operation of a livestock facility and assists the
farmer in being a "good neighbor". Below is a list to consider as part of the insect control program.
Also refer to the existing insect control check list attached as Exhibit 18.
1. The farmer shall at all times strive to keep weeds and tall grass from growing uncontrolled around
the waste pond. Good weed control will help minimize insect problems.
2. Dispose of all organic materials and trash in containers or dumpsters.
3. Keep dead animals picked up, placed in carcass disposal containers, and hauled off-site. In warm
months have the dead animals removed from the farm every day.
4. Keep all grass mown, especially around houses and lagoons.
5. Keep all spilled feed and piles of grain cleaned up.
6. Follow crop stalk and root destruction programs where applicable. Follow all BMP's for crop
production.
7. Small pools of water can develop around a farm due to equipment traffic, etc. Keep these
depressions filled so water does not stand for long periods. A "dry" and manicured farm
discourages insect breeding.
8. The farmer should consult with the local Cooperative Extension Service to discuss an integrated
pest management program. Incorporate the use of pesticides and herbicides as needed for insect
control.
9. Employ good housekeeping!
10. Manure tends to pack into the corners of pits and channels and can cause excessive odors and
insects. Regularly inspect pits, sump areas, pit walls, etc. for caked manure. Use a high pressure
hose to wash out caked manure areas.
11. Remove crusted solids from lagoons, pits, and channels (as is practical).
12, Fly traps which lure flies to them with an attractant will help reduce fly populations if enough of
them are used around a farm, especially if the animal waste is not allowed to sit undisturbed in
corners of pits or in hard to reach places. Hang such traps where they will not be damaged by the
animals or by machinery and where they can be maintained. Make sure all manure buildup is
disturbed every 7 days to break the fly breeding cycle. For dairies, check with health inspectors
about fly traps.
Mortality Management
The manager at Little River Farm uses steel containers or dumpsters to house dead animals until picked
up by a rendering company (Enterprise Rendering Company, 28821 Bethlehem Church Road, Oakboro,
N.C. 28129 Ph. # [phone]. This is their method of mortality management. Make sure all dead
animals are placed within this container immediately upon removal from the confinement housing.
70

UTFLE RIVER CAW W
REVISED NNE,2003
PERSONAL SAFETY
Animal Waste Application Safety
A highilow pressure cut-off switch shall be installed and working on all irrigation pumps and/or
power units at Little River Farm. Should a pipe break or a pipe blockage occur the power unit (and
irrigation) will automatically shut down. Pressure relief valves are low cost safety devices that are
recommended on every system. Most brands for said purpose would be acceptable. DO NOT LEAVE
HMGATION SYSTEM OPERATING UNATTENDED Exhibit 22 shows a Tri-Action pressure
relief valve.
Valves to control flow should be of a size and type that is consistent with the volume and material type
being pumped. Animal waste tends to be corrosive. Ball and butterfly type valves tend to be more
durable than gate valves but either is acceptable. Never shut off valves quickly or open them quickly
under full flow conditions. Always fill irrigation piping slowly until the fill with water.
Irrigation system drain ports are to be used to winterize the system and may drain out hundreds of
gallons of effluent if opened. Due to environmental concerns the farmer is required to contain this
effluent by either land application or putting it back into the liquid waste storage system. Effluent from
pipes can not be emptied onto the soil and allowed to drain off-site. Pipes can be purged with clean
water at the end of an irrigation cycle and then drained.
I
When in operation, an irrigation system is under high pressure and can be dangerous. A sudden release
of pressure in the face can easily blind or even kill an operator. Also if elbows, tees, valves, or other
parts suddenly break off, they will be projected through the air at high velocity. This can be a deadly
missile for the operator. Always use caution around irrigation systems, PTO shafts, tractors and power
units. Be sure to follow the equipment manufactures recommendations for operation and safety and
never disconnect safety devices. Think before you act!
When broadcasting liquid waste be careful not to drive into ditches or over stumps. Do not sit in one
place and discharge effluent since this can pond and run off site. Do not let children ride tractors when
operating farm equipment.
Always use caution around PTO shafts, manure drag chains, gears, sprockets, tractors and power
units. Loose clothing can easily become entangled in these moving parts. Also sharp metal edges of the
spreader will likely be covered with animal manure and can cause infection if a cut occurs. Many types
of liquid manure spreaders have pumps, hoses, valves, etc. that are often under pressure and sometimes
vacuum. Use caution when working around pressurized tanks or hoses.
Be sure to follow the equipment manufactures recommendations for operation and safety and never
disconnect safety devices. Think before you acN
When pulling a manure spreader be careful not to drive into ditches or over stumps. Do not sit in one
place and discharge manure since this can kill vegetation and result in manure run-off. Do not let
children ride tractors or farm equipment. Do not work on equipment when it is running.
Always observe sanitary principals around animal waste. Keep your dirty hands away from your mouth,
nose, and eyes when working with manure. Immediately administer first aid for cuts and scrapes around
animal manure.
71

LrrrLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED3 .2003
Safety Around Lagoons And Waste Storage Ponds
1. Fencing around animal manure storage ponds is an option to the farmer if trespassing is a problem.
If the public or children will have access to the lagoon or pond area, it is a good idea to have a stock
tight fence installed around the lagoon perimeter. Clear warning signs should be installed around
ponds and lagoons and be visible from all sides of a waste containment structure. Unauthorized
persons should be kept away from waste treatment and storage areas. Make sure all signs
read in both English and Spanish.
2. The owners should install throw type safety devices within easy access from at least 2 places around
a pond or lagoon in the event of a drowning accident. Safety ropes should also be kept nearby. At
least one person at the farm should have water rescue training. Any person using a boat on the
lagoon must wear a life preserver and have a helper standing on shore in case of an emergency. All
farm personnel should have first aid and safety training.
3. Never walk on crusted lagoons or ponds. Even thick crusts can not support the weight of an adult.
4. Animal manures produce gasses as they undergo decomposition. Agitation of lagoon solids or of
under slat liquids can cause large amounts of gasses to be released quickly. The owners should be
aware that certain gasses are colorless and odorless and can cause asphyxiation and death under
severe circumstances (usually in confined spaces and not as likely around a lagoon). It is doubtful
gas concentrations would approach explosive levels, but the owners should be aware of such
possibilities in confined spaces. Employees should be warned about such dangers and trained in
dealing with such matters. The primary types of gases produced by animal manure are listed below:
I
TABLE 41
Hydrogen Sulfide- H2S :
• The most dangerous of gases produced, especially during manure agitation. This gas is corrosive to
exposed metal parts.
• Colorless with distinct odor.
• Heavier than air, accumulates near the floor.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 10 parts per million
• Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
• Not readily explosive.
Carbon Dioxide- CO2 :
• Not particularly toxic in normal concentrations. Large quantities can be released during manure agitation.
Not particularly corrosive.
• Colorless and odorless.
• Heavier than air, accumulates near the floor.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 5,000 parts per
million
• Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
• Not readily explosive.
72

LITRE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED) ,2003
Methane-(CH4):
• The most explosive of gases produced, especially during manure agitation. Not extremely toxic at low
levels.
• Colorless and odorless.
• Lighter than air, accumulates near the coiling.
• Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 1,000 parts per
million
• Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
Explosive at concentrations of 50,000 to 150,000 parts per million (or 5 - 15 %)
Ammonia-(NH4):
Not extremely toxic in lower concentrations. Irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. Can be released
in large quantities especially during manure agitation, Can be corrosive to exposed metal parts.
Colorless with very distinct odor.
Lighter than air,accumulates near the ceiling.
Recommended maximum safe gas concentrations for an 8 hour exposure to humans: 25 parts per million
Recommended control of as: Adequate ventilation.
Not readily ex losive.
4. Workers should never go under floor slats unless accompanied by a helper and only if adequate
ventilation is in place. Drain and clean under slat pits at least 8 hours prior to entering in addition to
providing good ventilation. Workers entering confined spaces should follow OSHA guidelines for
such activities.
5. The owner/operator may wish to purchase a portable hand held gas meter for questionable
environmental situations.
6. Beware of spiders and snakes around livestock facilities.
7. Workers should attend to cuts and wounds immediately with the proper first aid.
EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN FOR LITTLE RIVER FARM
NOTE: EXHIBIT 20 shows a list of emergency phone numbers and emergency actions suitable for
posting. Exhibit 20 can be modified to meet the specific needs nj the farm. Copy this exhibit as
needed
Animal wastes can not impact the surface waters of North Carolina. Therefore the engineer wishes
to emphasize the importance of emergency action should there be a spill or similar discharge emergency.
In the event of an emergency or accidental discharge, Little River Farm management or the land
application operator shall take the necessary measures to eliminate or at least minimize the impact of the
discharge and if possible keep it out of nearby creeks. An emergency may be effluent overflow from the
farm lagoons, a dam failure, severe run-off of soil and nutrients due to a storm, a broken effluent pipe,
etc.
Little River Farm management should review Exhibit 20 and develop their own detailed
Emergency Response Plan if this plan does not meet their needs. All emergency action plans
73

UTILERIVERCAW W
REVISED Rt ,2003
should be reviewed with all appropriate persons and employees. Emergency contacts and phone
numbers should be posted in visible locations, like inside the managers shack or office and near every
telephone. The irrigation operator should have a copy. This Emergency Response Plan should have
considerable well thought out detail on what to do in each type emergency. The plan should address
environmental, medical, fire, and storm related emergencies. Update this plan annually and have regular
employee refresher training sessions on emergency preparedness.
Discharge emergencies can happen very quickly and every minute counts. Discharges will probably
flow off-site rapidly giving the farm manager only a short time to react. Therefore making plans in
advance is a good investment and is much less expensive than lawyers or fines. The farmer should take
some time to walk around the site with farm employees and think about possible discharge emergencies.
Ask yourself: which way would a discharge flow?, is there a creek nearby?, is there a natural diversion
that could be diked to stop the flow?, is there any emergency spill containment equipment on site?, can
you drive to the nearby creek to stop a flow before it gets away?, what equipment would you use to
stop a small or large discharge?
Go over these things in your mind and with farm managers and plan out your actions. Perhaps have a
few emergency drills to see how well your people are prepared. Do not neglect this plan. It could save
you a great deal of money and trouble in the future. Discharges to nearby creeks are serious and could
cause you to loose your operating permit and/or your business.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND NOTICES
The farm operator may wish to contact the following people and/or agencies for detailed assistance with
crop selections, irrigation, soil analyses, etc.
• Montgomery County NRCS office -
• Montgomery County Cooperative Extension Service
• N.C. Irrigation Society
• NCDA
Exhibit 16 lists 23 items that each CAWMP should address. Also the reader should thoroughly review
all the attached exlt bits for helpful information and precautions.
Any person or company owning or controlling the property upon which an animal waste disposal system
is in operation shall be responsible for all aspects of the disposal system. The system must be
maintained at all times to prevent direct seepage and/or discharge of effluent to the surface of ponds,
rivers, streams, or to any type of surface or ground waters.
Little River Farm is hereby notified that he/she/they must operate this system in accordance with state
and local laws and regulations. Problems should be reported to the N.C. Division of Water Quality
(DWQ) ASAP. DWQ phone numbers are listed under the emergency action plan section of this report.
Changes in animal steady state live weight, operations, ownership, and/or waste management must first
be discussed with DWQ before proceeding. This is not an option for the farmer but a requirement.
Significant changes in operations, or problems should be duly noted and documented by the farmer.
The project engineer can not take responsibility for the accuracy of all information or conclusions made
by others and referenced herein. Much of the information presented above is based on estimated
conditions, estimated operational capabilities, etc. that are subject to change. When dealing with so
74

LITTLE RIVER CAW W
REVISED.RMZ.2003
many variables and natural elements it is impossible to predict in advance all operational conditions,
however the concepts and methodology presented above are reliable. The information above is
presented in a detailed fashion so that system operators can recalculate and adjust certain parameters
during the on-going project.
All vegetation receiving animal waste shall be kept in peak condition at all times. This means the proper
fertilization, mowing, cutting, and liming. Overly wet or overly dry conditions can cause vegetative
stress or death, therefore the operator shall be careful to monitor vegetative performance. Baled hay
can not be burned or left to rot next to spray fields. All harvested crops must be removed from the site.
The engineer takes no responsibility for changes made to the above plan before, during, or after
construction without his knowledge. Nor does the engineer take any responsibility for human losses or
property damages which should occur due to poor workmanship, improper use of machinery, unknown
conditions above or below ground level, legal problems with boundary lines or easements, acts of
nature, "short-cuts" the owner may take in system construction, legislative rule changes during or after
plan development, or improper system operation. Information given to the engineer by the owner or
others and used in these specifications shall be taken as truth if it can not be verified otherwise.
DWQ officials and local health officials are authorized to inspect the system at any time.
It is of the utmost importance that all activities with regards to waste utilization and irrigation be
recorded and kept in a safe place on the farm. Exhibit 15 forms may be altered to include more
data if needed. Good records are essential to rood waste utilization practices. Little River Farm
must obtain and maintain crop yield records, weigh tickets, etc. to verify annual crop
production.
The farm owner must keep a copy of this certified report on the farm at all times. He or she
must adhere to these plans as much as is possible. Alterations in waste management practices
shall at no time violate the intent of this plan.
This document does not contain all specifications, rules, and laws associated with the land
application and management of animal waste. Copies of such guidelines and documentation can
be obtained at the local NRCS office, the regional office of DWQ, or from the Cooperative
Extension Service.
**** FND OF ANIMAL WASTE UTILIZATION PI.ANREKSION.S-JUNE 30, 2003
75

I **WWW***WWW***WWW*W**WW****WWW**WWW****WW***WW
EXHIBITS SECTION
WW****W*W*******W***WWW*WWW*W*****WWWWW*WWWW**W

L ll
Exhibit 1
1 Vicinity Map For Little Rive
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EXHIBIT 4 IS AN EES DRAWING

Exhibit 5
All values were estimated
from on-site measuxments.
LITTLE RIVER FARM - UPPER LAGOON
VOLUME vs DEPTH
940,000 .. .. .............................. ..
920,000 - 4 i-^ Invert of-overflow pipe (024 y 412 gallons) - --- ..
900,000 . ... .........:.. .........
88Q000 .. . .. ........ .......... ...._.......... . .
860,000 . ... ..._...... . ..............:..
840,000 . ........ ......... .....,
820,000 .... ............. ... ...... ...... ..... ...... ........
800,000 ......... ...,
780,000 .. ......... ... ....._
760.000 - ...
740,000 ......... _.. ....
700,000 .i........ _._.._....
680,000 .. . ....... .. ............ .. .
660,000 .....i . . . .i........ ... ......... ..... .. .
640.000 .. ..... ..i .._.__....._
620,000 ....._... ............__. .. .
600.000 .. _:...... .... ......... . . ... .........
580,000 ..... . ..; .._...... ....... . ... ..
z 560,000 ... ... .....� .........__ ._.. .. .. .
j .._.......... ..... .... ......... . .....
-' 520,000 ......... . ..._ . Design Treatment volume...zone .;
w500,000 .. ., ............. ......_... ...................... . . . ..... .......,
a 480,000 ......... . . ...... .. .... .. .....,
O 460,000 ... ......... ... . ....... ............
Z 440,000 -
...... ..... .... ........ ..... ....:
420,000 ...... . .. ...... ......
-� 400.000 - : ..., ... .... .....
C¢0 380,000 .. . ..... ....................... ... .... .....
360,000 ... . .... : . ... . ...
320,000 i___.. .............. _
300,000 -i -- ---- 5 year sludge acOummxlatz
280,000 .......... ............ . ... . .._...
260,000 ......._..._ ..
(252';842 gallons)
240,000 _ _............... ..
220.000 .. ......._ ,
200,000
180,000
160,000 - -
M,000 ...- ... ... . ..
120,000
.................. - -
100,000 - -
80,000 -.. ... ..
40.000 _.. .... .... ....
20,000 ... . .... ._ _.. ........ _.._�
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
FEET BELOW OVERFLOW LEVEL
* Existing sludge blankets ax
4.75 feet. not shown on this graph.

Exhibit 6
All values are considered
close approximations.
LITTLE RIVER FARM - LOWER LAGOON
VOLUME vs DEPTH
2,750 000 ..... .... ..1.11.. .. .... .. ..
2700000 Invert of emergency oyexflow .
2,650,000overflow here .(.2,724,000
2,600000 ... ....... . ... ... ........ . .
2,550000 ..s._. ._....................... ............. ... _;. ...
2,500000 ....._ .._..... ....
2,450000 .... ........ ..
2,400000 Second 25 year 24 Hour storm ."storage begins here
2,350000 ..... �76,337. .gallon,_). ....,
2,300 000 . . .. .'. .... ..
2,250000 ..:... ....'.......This...zone....i5...res'vyrlydt3 ftlf' emeYgeriey sttli`.nge only:
2,200000 ...... ..:._ ............_. .. : ..
2,150,000 ....... .._ ... ..€
2,100000 .. .. i... ..+.
2,050000 .. - First 25 year' 24 hour 'storm storage begins
2,000000 j- heie (Z,028,.674 gaIIons); Pumpbefore this.:
1,950,000 - level
1,900000 ........ .._.. ..,
1,850,000 .
1,800 000 .. .... ..
1,750000 . _... _. .... ..,. ...
1,700 000 .......'.............. ... . . .... .. I ...
1,650000 ...... ... ..
w1,600.000 .. . i... ... ....... ... ....... > . . ,.. ..;... ..
1,550000 :.. .......
LL 1,500000 . - __. ... . ..
1 w 1,450000 .. ..... .. . ..
a 1,400,000 .... ....;--6 months of istor4geh ere;; .._+.. ..+
0 1,3so,000 . ,......
w 1.300000 ........ ._.. ....
p 1,250,000 .. _ ....... _..... ... ._ ....
1,200000 .. .. .. ... .. _.
¢ 1:150 000 -... .. ... .. ....
O 1100000 8:5 months!of storage V(5,luntdry...Skop Rump. level.
1:050.000 is possible:.. : .....
............. ........(1.,052,534...gallons)
1,000000
950 000 .... .
900000 - -
650 000 ;..... . ...... . ...... ........ .. .._;
600,000 !.
750,000 ..
700 000 ._. ...... gm
treynt
650,000000 -- Top of desi-
600 ........ ..... volume.-Do not--pump low
550,000 ...i..... -.. .:....... .. ..._. :. .._. this-level (650,000 allone
500,000
40:000 _ �
400 000
350 000 .. .. ...
300 000 -
250,000 .. .... _.
200:000 - V©luntary-stop pump at 5 6 feet
150 000 "'
100,000
50,000 .. .. ....
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
FEET BELOW OVERFLOW LEVEL
Start pumping by this 1 ..m..;r h., fti 4 1 o .oi

106 Exhibit 8 Soil Survey
(Typical Value)
TABLE 15.--PIIYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS
(The symbol < means less than; > means more than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire
profile. Entries under "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates
that data were not available or were not estimated]
� Erosion �
Map symbol and !DepthI Clay I Moist :Permeability iAvailablel Soil 'Shrink-swell 1 factors I Organic
soil name bulk water lreaction: potential matter
densit 1ca2acity K : T
_ 1 na 1t
n c ce In —
1.9 1 -3
BaB, BaD BaF----1 0-6 ' 10-27 0-160 0.6-2.0 :0.14-0.2013.6-6.5 :Low-- -----i 0.15 3
3 . -----i0.29i
Redin 6-2 35-55 1. 0-1501 06-20 :0.14-0.19136-5.5 :Moderate
125-40i ___
I1b8, Bb-:
Badin-----------: 6-6 : 10-55 11.30-1.50: 0.6-2.0 10.14-0.1913.6-5.5 iLow
derate-----:0.241 3 i 1-3
5-401 35-55 :1.30-1.SOi 0.6-2.0 10.19-0.19:3.--5.5 :Moderate-----i 0.24i i
125-90i i
40
Urban land.
: 0-7 ; 10-27 i1.30-1.G0: 0.6-2.0 0.15-0.2914.5-G.5 :Low----------i 0.28i 5 1-4
Ch_______________ '
Chewacla 7-B91 18-35 i1.30-1.60i 0.6-AO i0.12-0.20i45-G.5 :Law i
i i
Ck---------------i 0-6 : 10-27 1t30-1.60i 0.6-2.0 i0.15-0.24:4.5-6.5 !to w----------10.32: 5 i 1-4
Chewacla : 6-601 18-35 11.30-1.50: 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.24:4.5-6.5 :Low----------i0.32 i
1 i
: 0-30: 5-15 11.30-1.60� 0.6-6.0 i0.12-0.1014.5-7.3 :Low----------10.24i 5 1 <4
Co_______________'
Congaree 140-701 18-35 :1.20-1.SOi 0.6-2.0 i0.li-0.2014.5-].3 :Low____-----_:0.37
i i i 1 i
1
Eci, ECD---------i 6-6 5-35 :1.30-1.50: 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20:5.1-6.5 :Low----------i0.28i 2 .5-2
Enon 6-65: 20-60 11.20-1.40: 006-0.2 10.15-0.2015.1-7.8 !Highow ---------:0.281 i
:28-65i 35-60 i1.20-1.90i 0.06-0.2 ' .i0.15-0.2015.1-7.8 :High---------i0.2Bi :
1
EnC, EnE---------: 6-G 5-35 :1.30-1.50: 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.2015.1-6.5 :Low----------10.24, 4 1 .5-2
Enon 6-651 20-60 11.20-1.501 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20:5.1-7.8 :Low----------10.28,
i28-65i 35-GO i1.20-1.40: O.OG-0.2 10.15-0.20:5.1-].8 Itligh---------i 0.28� 1
GeB--------------i 0-8 5-27 :1.20-1.40: 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.20.4.5-6.0 :low----------:0.431 4 .5-2
Georgeville 1 8-591 35-60 11.20-1.40: 0.6-2.0 10.13-0.18:4.5-5.5 :Low----------:0.28i
159-80: 15-40 11.20-1.401 0.6-2.0 :0.05-0.1014.5-5.5 !Low----------:0.32: 1
GGeorge----------i 0-8 1 2]-60 11.20-1.40: 0.6-2.0 i D.13-O.18i4.5-6.0 Low----------i 0.49; 9 i <.5
Georgeville 1 8-80: 35-40 11.20-1.40: 0.6-2.0 :0.13-0.18:4.5-5.5 :Low----------:0.281 32
i
59-80i 15-40 :1.20-1.40: 0.6-2.0 i0.05-0.10:4.5-5.5 :Low----------i0.32: :
GOC, GOF---------1 0-7 1 5-15 :1.40-1.601 2.0-6.0 i 0.6-0.1213.6-5.5 !Low----------i0.05: 2 i .5-2
Golds ton : 7-361 5-27 11.4 -1.60: 2.0-G.0 i0.06-0.12i3.6-5.5 !Low----------i0-O51
116-361 - '_____________i____
: 36 ---
i
Nei, ssee ------: 6-6 : ]-60 :1.30-1.45: 0.6-2.0 :0.12-0.1514.5-6.5 :Lowerate-----:0.28i 5 .5-2
Hiwassee i 6-80: 35-35 11.45-1.651 0.6-2.0 10.10-0.14:4.5-6.5 :Moderate-----:0.28: -
i58-BOi 7-35 i1.45-1.65i 0.6-2.0 0.10-0.14:4.5-6.5 :Low----------
io.28
KkB--------------1 0-101 4-20 :1.20-1.401 0.6-2.0 10.15-0.2215.1-6.5 :Low----------:0.431 3 i .5-2
Kirksey 110-341 18-35 :1.20-1.401 0.2-0.6 i0.12-O.18i4.5-5.5 iLow----------i0.93�
:34-46: 5-25 i1.20-1.401 0.6-2.0 :0.11-0.1513.6-5.5 :Low----------:0.43:
46

NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Graham 1
Map I Soil name and description
symbol I
I
452B I Badin-Goldston complex, 2 to a percent slopes
I This map unit consists of gently sloping Badin soils
I and Goldston soils. Badin soils are moderately deep and
i well drained and are on uplands. They formed in
I residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. The surface layer is loamy with a significant
I amount of channers. The subsoil is clayey with some
I channers. Permeability is moderate and shrink-swell
I potential is moderate. Soft bedrock is within a depth
I of 20 to 40 inches. Seasonal high water table is below
1 6.0 feet. Goldston soils are shallow and well drained
I to excessively drained and are on uplands. They formed
I in residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. They have a loamy surface layer and subsoil with
I a significant amount of channers . Permeability is
I moderately rapid and shrink-swell potential is low.
I Soft bedrock is within a depth of 10 to 20 inches.
I Seasonal high water table is below 6.0 feet.
I
452C I Badin-Goldston complex, 9 to 15 percent slopes
I I
I This map unit consists of strongly sloping Badin soils
I and Goldston soils. Badin soils are moderately deep and
I well drained and are on uplands. They formed in
I residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. The surface layer is loamy with a significant
I amount of channers. The subsoil is clayey with some
1 channers. Permeability is moderate and shrink-swell
I potential is moderate. Soft bedrock is within a depth
I of 20 to 40 inches. Seasonal high water table is below
1 6.0 feet. Goldston soils are shallow and well drained
I to excessively drained and are on uplands. They formed
I in residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I rock. They have a loamy surface layer and subsoil with
I a significant amount of channers. Permeability is
I moderately rapid and shrink-swell potential is low.
I Soft bedrock is within a depth of 10 to 20 inches.
I Seasonal high water table is below 6.0 feet.
I
452E I Goldston-Badin complex, 15 to 50 Percent slopes

NONTECHNICAL SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Graham 1
Map I
Soil name and description
Symbol I
I
I This map unit consists of moderately steep to steep
I Goldston soils and Dadin soils. Goldston soils are
I shallow and well drained to excessively drained and are
I on uplands. They formed in residuum from Carolina
I slates and other fine grained rock. They have a loamy
I surface layer and subsoil with a significant amount of
I clnanner,,. 1='er:neahili ty is moderately rapid ailed
1 shri n4:-,well Potential is low. Soft bedrock s i :within a
1 depth of 10 to 20 Inches. Sessnrtial hir]h hater table is
I below 6.0 feet. Badin soils are moderately deep grid
I well drained and are r.•n upland:. They f',:-mild in
I residuum from Carolina slates and other fine grained
I ruck- The surface layer is loamy with a sia nific wilt
I amount of charmers- The subsoil is clayey with soma
I •_h anners- Permeability is moderate aarld .hri
I potential is Soft bedr-o_Ic is :within depth
I of 20 t_ 40 inches. Seasonal high r•+ater table is hc�:ler+
6.0 feet_
I
475B I Tatum-Badin comple>:• 2 to B percent slopes _
I This map unlL consists 'Pf gently slPOEna Tatum sails
I and bed in on uplands. They formed in residuum
I from Carolina slates and other fine grained rocks-
I Tatum sails arc: deep and o.,ell draihad- The have a
I loamy surface layer and e clayey subsoil. F'[±rmeaUiliti;:
I is moderate and shrink.-swell Potential is nmdrnrata.
1 Sort Use,k is within a depth of 40 to 60 inches-
Seasonal high water L'aU Lz is below 6.0 feet. Badin
I soils are moderately deep and well drained. The su'f ace
I .Layer .is Inem•; with a sign i'firanC amount c•I' charmers.
I The suL•soil is clayey. Permeabili Y.,. is moderate-
1 filu-i nli -sr+ell po ten Lial is moderate. Soft bedrock is
I within a depth of 20 to 40 inches- Seasonal high :water
I Lablc is below 6.0 feet-
I
475C I Tatum-Badin couple's+ G to 15 percent slopes

NONIT CHHIC'M- SOILS DESCRIPTION REPORT
Graham I End Exhibit 8
1
_--------------------------------
--------------
Hap I Soil name and description
Symbol I
_______1__ _________________ ____.___________._____.___.___._______._____
I This map unit rnn a 1st_ of Strongly sloping Tatum soils
i uum
and L'+actin =_oils on uplanis. They 'firmed in resid
I frem Carolina slates aril other Fine grained rocks.
I Tatum soils are_ deep and well drained. They have a
1 loony surface layer and a clayey sub=_oil . Permeability
I is moderate and shrink-�ao:ell potEn��r_al is modern tc.
I Soft bedrock is mithin a depth of 40 to 60 inches.
1 Seasonal high outer table is helot., 6-0 fee". Saclin
1 The±soil=_ are moderately deep and well drained. Surface
I layer is loamy with a sioni'fiCant amount of charmers.
1 l'he subsoil is clayey. Ferme ibi l i Ly is mnlarnt :.
1 Shri n!:-swell Potenl'ial is moderate Soft heilreck is
1 within :a depth of " - to 40 inchL�s- Seascnal hijh Waite,
I table is below 6.0 '02t-
495G I Tatum-Madill ccmplesv 15 to 25 Percent slc•nes
I
475E I Tatum-Sadin complcv., 5 to 50 oercent slopes
I
I

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10
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Version—NavETbPr 26,2018
Mortality Management Methods
Indicate which methodfs) will be implemenled.
When selecting multiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option.
Methods other than those listed must be approved by the Slate Veterinarian.
primary Secondary Routine Mortality
Burial three feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge cf animal
death. The burial must be at least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water
(G.S.106403). The bottom of the burial pit should be at least one foot above the seasonal
high water(able.Attach burial location map and plan.
a [ILandfill at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC
3B.0200.
Rendering at a rendering plant licensed under G.S. 106-168.7.
Complete incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102.
O O A composting system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture&Con-
sumer Services Veterinary Division(attach copy of permit). If compost is distributed off-farm,
additional requirements must be met and a permit is required from INC DEQ.
❑ ❑ In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the
NC Department of Agriculture&Consumer Services(G.S. 106-549.70).
❑ a Any method which,in the professional opiniomo€the State Veterinarian,would make possible
the salvage of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health.
(Written approval by the State Veterinarian must be attached).
❑ Mass Mortality Plan
Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are
also recommended for all animal operations. This plan outlines famo-specific mortality man-
agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup-
ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options;contact the Division for guidance.
• A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated
when numbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State
Veterinarian.
• Burial must be,done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary
Division regulations and guidance.
• Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions(refer to facility's animal
waste management system permit).
• In the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency,the State Veterinarian may enact
additional temporary procedures or measures for disposal according to G.S. 106-399.4.
Signature of Farm Owner/Manager Date
L_rignature of 7echniczl Specialist Date

EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
PHONE NUMBERS
Division of Water Resources (DWR)
Emergency Management System(EMS)
Soil and Water Conservation District(SWCD) - 3
Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
This plan will be implemented in the event that wastes from your operation are leaking,
overflowing,or running off site.You should not wait until wastes reach surface waters or leave
your property to consider that you have a problem.You should make every effort to ensure that
this does not happen.This plan should be posted in an accessible location for all employees at
the facility.The following are some action items you should take.
1. Stop the release of wastes. Depending on the situation, this may or may not be possible.
Suggested responses to some possible problems are listed below.
a. Lagoon overflow-possible solutions are:
1) Add soil to berm to increase elevation of dam.
2) Pump wastes to fields at an acceptable rate.
3) Stop all flows to the lagoon immediately.
4) Call a pumping contractor.
5) Make sure no surface water is entering lagoon.
b. Runoff from waste application field-actions include:
1) Immediately stop waste application.
2) Create a temporary diversion to contain waste.
3) Incorporate waste to reduce runoff.
4) Evaluate and eliminate the reason(s) that caused the runoff.
5) Evaluate the application rates for the fields where runoff occurred.
c. Leakage from the waste pipes and sprinklers-action include:
1) Stop recycle pump.
2) Stop irrigation pump.
3) Close valves to eliminate further discharge.
4) Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
I November 23, 2016

d. Leakage from flush systems, houses,solid separators-action include:
1) Stop recycle pump.
2) Stop irrigation pump.
3) Make sure no siphon occurs.
4) Stop all flows in the house,flush systems,or solid separators.
5) Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
e. Leakage from base or sidewall of lagoon. Often this is seepage as opposed to flowing
leaks- possible action:
1) Dig a small sump or ditch away from the embankment to catch all seepage, put in
a submersible pump, and pump back to lagoon.
2) If holes are caused by burrowing animals,trap or remove animals and fill holes
and compact with a clay type soil.
3) Have a professional evaluate the condition of the side walls and lagoon bottom as
soon as possible.
2. Assess the extent of the spill and note any obvious damages.
a. Did the waste reach any surface waters?
b. Approximately how much was released and for what duration?
c. Any damage noted, such as employee injury,fish kills, or property damage?
d. Did the spill leave the property?
e. Does the spill have the potential to reach surface waters?
f. Could a future rain event cause the spill to reach surface waters?
g. Are potable water wells in danger(either on or off of the property)?
h. How much reached surface waters?
3. Contact appropriate agencies.
a. During normal business horns,call your DWR regional office,phone number: !�)
1133 DO . After hours, emergency number: 1-800-858-0368. Your phone call should
include: your name,facility,telephone number,the details of the incident from item 2
above, the exact location of the facility,the location or direction of movement of the
spill,weather and wind conditions.The corrective measures that have been under
taken,and the seriousness of the situation.
b. If spill leaves property or enters surface waters, call local EMS, phone number: I n—
. Instruct EMS to contact local Health Department.
C. Contact the following for advice/technical assistance: p
1) Cooperative Extension,phone number:C� R�7-S IQ J2
2 November 23,2016

2) local SWCD office,phone number 163
(J 3
3) local NRCS office,phone number: t 1 83
4. If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriffs Department and explain your problem
to them and ask that person to contact the proper agencies for you.
5. Contact the contractor of your choice to begin repair of problem to minimize off-site
damage. '7'
a. Contractors Name: 10 `.�
b. Contractors Address: ' Gh (p,�-F A,.,.� �L
c. Contractors Phone: _ ( �"'�
6. Contact the technical specialist who certified the lagoon (NRCS, Consulting Engineer,
etc.)
a. Name:
b. Phone:
7. Implement procedures as advised by DWR and technical assistance agencies to rectify
the damage, repair the system,and reassess the waste management plan to keep problems
with release of wastes from happening again.
3 November 23,2016

Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
source Cause BMPs to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Farmstead • Swine production Vegetative or wooded buffers
Recommended best management practices
dGood judgment and common sense
Animal body • Dirty manure-covered Dry floors
surfaces animals
Floor surfaces • Wet manure-covered floors 61 lotted floors
Waterers located over slotted floors
❑ Feeders at high end of solid floors
crape manure buildup from floors
/Underfloor ventilation for drying
Manure collection • Urine Qf Frequent manure removal by flush,pit recharge,
pits • Partial microbial r scrape
decomposition 'lnderfloor ventilation
Ventilation exhaust • Volatile gases an maintenance
fans • Dust fficient air movement
Indoor surfaces • Dust ashdown between groups of animals
14 Feed additives
O Feeder covers
I] Feed delivery downspout extenders to feeder
covers
Flush tanks • Agitation of recycled lagoon O Flush tank covers
liquid while tanks are filling O Mend fill lines to near bottom of tanks with
anti-siphon vents
Flush alleys • Agitation during wastewater V Underfloor flush with underfloor ventilation
conveyance
O Adnr - Nn.,P...6P. 1004 -ego I

Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
Source Cause BMPs to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Pit recharge points • Agitation of recycled lagoon O Extend recharge lines to near bottom of pits with
liquid while pits are filling anti-siphon vents
Lift stations • Agitation during sump tank O Sump tank covers
filling and drawdown
Outside drain • Agitation during wastewater O Box covers
collection or junction conveyance
boxes
End of drainpipes • Agitation during wastewater Cl Extend discharge point of pipes underneath
at lagoon conveyance goon liquid level
Lagoon surfaces • Volatile gas emissions Rr roper lagoon liquid capacity
• Biological mixing Vcorrect lagoon startup procedures
• Agitation mimum surface area-to-volume ratio
Minimum agitation when pumping
O Mechanical aeration
O/Proven biological additives
Irrigation sprinkler • High pressure agitation Irrigate on dry days with little or no wind
nozzles • Wind drift l� mimum recommended operating pressure
V/Pump intake near lagoon liquid surface
Pump from second-stage lagoon
Storage tank or • Partial microbial O Bottom or midlevel loading
basin surface decomposition 0 Tank covers
Mixing while filling Cl Basin surface mats of solids
• Agitation when emptying O Proven biological additives or oxidants
AMOC' - Nnvrmhrr I I 199r, na ors 7

Swine Farm Waste Management Odor Control Checklist
Source Cause BMPs to Minimize Odor Site Specific Practices
Settling basin surface • Partial microbial ❑ Extend drainpipe outlets underneath liquid level
decomposition ❑ Remove settled solids regularly
Mixing while filling
• Agitation when emptying
Manure, slurry,or • Agitation when spreading ❑ Soil injection of slurry/sludges
sludge spreader . Volatile gas emissions ❑ Wash residual manure from spreader after use
outlets ❑ Proven biological additives or oxidants
Uncovered manure, • Volatile gas emissions while ❑ Soil injection of slurry/sludges
slurry,or sludge on drying ❑ Soil incorporation within 48 hours
field surfaces ❑ Spjead in thin uniform layers for rapid drying
❑ roven biological additives or oxidants
Dead animals • Carcass decomposition 9 Proper disposition of carcasses
Dead animal disposal • Carcass decomposition ❑ Complete covering of carcasses in burial pits
pits ❑ Proper location/construction of disposal pits
Incinerators • Incomplete combustion ❑/Secondary stack burners
Standing water • Improper drainage 0 Grade and landscape such that water drains away
around facilities . Microbial decomposition of from facilities
organic matter
Manure tracked onto • Poorly maintained access M Farm access road maintenance
public roads from roads
farm access
AMOC - November 11, 1996,page 3

Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations
Source Cause BMPs to Control Insects __ Site Specific Practices
Feed storage Accumulations of feed O Reduce moisture accumulation within and around
residues immediate perimeter of feed storage areas by
ensuring drainage is away from site and/or providing
adequate containment (e.g.,covered bin for
brewer's grain and similar high moisture grain
/products)
Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
solids in filter strips around feed storage as needed
Animal holding areas Accumulations of animal 0 Eliminate low areas that trap moisture along fences
wastes and feed wastage and other locations where waste accumulates and
/disturbance by animals is minimal
Maintain fence rows and filter strips around animal
holding areas to minimize accumulations of wastes
(i.e., inspect for and remove or break up
accumulated solids as needed)
Dry manure handling Accumulations of animal O Remove spillage on a routine basis (e.g.,
systems wastes 7- to 10-day interval during summer; 15- to 30-day
interval during winter) where manure is loaded for
land application or disposal
O Provide for adequate drainage around manure
stockpiles
O Inspect for and remove or break up accumulated
wastes in filter strips around stockpiles and manure
handling areas as needed
For more information contact:
Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology, Box 7613,North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC 27695-7613.
AMIC - November 1 I, 1996, page 2

Insect Control Checklist for Animal Operations
Source Cause BMPs to Control Insects Site Specific Practices
Li uid S stems
Flush gutters Accumulation of solids Flush system is designed and operated sufficiently
to remove accumulated solids from gutters as
designed
Remove bridging of accumulated solids at
_ Aischarge
Lagoons and pits • Crusted solids 9 Maintain lagoons, settling basins and pits where
pest breeding is apparent to minimize the crusting
of solids to a depth of no more than 6 to 8 inches
/over more than 30 percent of surface
Excessive vegetative • Decaying vegetation Pf Maintain vegetative control along banks of
growth lagoons and other impoundments to prevent
accumulation of decaying vegetative matter along
water's edge on impoundment's perimeter.
_ Dry Systems
Feeders Feed spillage Pf Design,operate,and maintain feed systems
(e.g., bunkers and troughs) to minimize the
accumulation of decaying wastage
Clean up spillage on a routine basis (e.g.,7- to 10-
day interval during summer; 15- to 30-day interval
during winter)
AMIC - November 11, 1996, page 1

Exhibit 6
All values are considered
close approximations.
LITTLE RIVER FARM - LOWER LAGOON
VOLUME vs DEPTH
2,750,000 .... ... ..... ... ... ..,
2700000 Invert of erne gency oyexfloV
2,650,000
sFn11 to overflow here I.2,724,OOO .gallons)
2,550,000 .. .............. .. .... .. ;
2,500-000 . .... ............. _..;
2,450,000 .. ....._ ......
2,400000 Second 25 'year 24"Hour storm'"sto rage .begins Sere
2,350000 ... ...._(.2,376,337_.gallong)_„,..
2,300000 _....,. _.. ..
2,250000 ;.......This...zline...is resertYr�3 £tlr emet'gency 5toY''�g8 only`.
2,200000 ... _...... ... .. ........_. ..
2,150000 __. '... .._.._ .._...... .i. .._
2,100000 ...... .._...... .... .,..
2,050,000 E:.irst 25 'year 24 hour `starm storage begins
2,000000 here (2',02B,674 yallons7 lump bef&e this:;
lss0000 . .. .;.._
1,850,000 ._.... _.........
1,800000 .. ..... ............ ..
1.750,000 .... ..... .._..... ..... ...
1,700000 .... . ... ........ ....... .. ...
1,650,000 w 1,600000 .... . ...... .... .
1,550 000 .... .. ....
.... .
LL 1,500 000 .. - ... ... ...
W 1,450000 .... .. ... ...... :. ...
a 1,400,000 '
-6 months o£ storage-hera r
O1,350,000 _....__....... ................... ...........s.... ......!........._...;............;........................... ......... .... ... .... ....
O Im0000 .... .... ...
p 1,250000 ..... .... .._ .. _ .... .. '
1,200000 ... ... .. . ...
1,150000 . . .. ... .....
O 1,100000 85 months.o£ storage - - -- .
1,050,000 ----is-possible- .... Vdluntdry...stop row level ..'.
. .. (7,.052.i53A..gallons)
1,000 000 ..:
950,000 ... ..... :...... ....._.... . .: ........... .. :.. ..
900000 ... ....... ........ ... .. _{..
850000 i ...... ..... .. .... ..j..
800000 .. .......... _.....__... ._. ....,
... ... ..... ..
760000
700000 i... ..._ , .. .... .... _.;
650,000 ` --- Top of designi trea nt
600,000 ! ... :..... ... ..... volume,-Do not pump low
550:000 . ....... :..........ais-level (650;000 allon-
500 000
450,000
400000 �
00
350 000 .. ...
. .. .... ..
250 .... _ ..300000
000 ... .......... ... __
200:000 :...Voluntary-stop puMp-at 5.6 feet. ...:,
150.000 :. ..... ._:
100:000 ..._
50,000
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1i 12 13 14
FEET BELOW OVERFLOW LEVEL
Start pumping by this

Exhibit 5
All values were estimated
from on-site measurments.
LITTLE RIVER FARM - UPPER LAGOON
VOLUME vs DEPTH
940,000 .................._......................................,.............................................................................................
920,000 --- invert. Of-overflow--pipe-(924 Y412 gallons) ---
900,000 ...._. .............. ............._.. . .. . ... . . e.... ...
880,000 . . ............. .............. . . .
860,000 .. ......... . . ........ ............. ..
840:000 .. ........ .. ......_ . ........ : ..
820,000 .... ....:........ ......... .
800.000 ......... . . . ........ ........... .. . .. ...... .
780,000 .................. . ................. ....................-....... ..
760,000 . .. .......... ...._..... .
740:000 ............: ..... .... .. .__.
720,000 .. .. ........:
700,000 ..._.........._ ....... _.....
680,000 ... ._........: ...... ! ..
660,000 ........ , ...„..
640.000 ............i
620,000 .........
600,000 .......
580,000 ............. .............. : .......... _...
z 560,000 .. ......... i.. ..
j 540,000 .... ......... .............
LL
520,000 ....' . .............. Design.Treatment-volume...zone i
w
u. 480,000 .....................:......................:...................._;... ................. .....................'............................................ .................
O 460,000 ........................._..............
..._........................ .............. ..................... .....................i...................................................._...........
Z 440 000 ... .... ..... i...... .... ..... ........ ._
0 420,000 ... ...... .... . ... .. _ .... ......... .............
360,000 . . ........... ..... ....... ...
340,000 ..........i .. '
320,000 __.. ... ........
300,000 -- 5'year sludge"accumulat o
280,000 : ...... .......... ._. ... __.. .
(292.942 galloi"vs) ... . ,
260,000 . . ..... _................ ..
240,000 .. ..i . . . . ... .........
220,000 .......... ... ........ ...._........._ . ... .... .. ...
200,000 ..............
180,000 .....d ..........__ ........................
_._
160,000 ................... :........ ....._..... ...
140,000 ........ ... ....... ...
120,000 .......i .. ...........
100,000 ....................... -
80,000 ........................ .... .
60,000 .... .... _.. .....
40,000 ..... .... ._.. . . . . .. ..
20,000 .........i ........................................ _ ..
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
FEET BELOW OVERFLOW LEVEL
* Existing sludge blankets ax
4.75 feet. not shown on this graph.

LITLLERIVERCAw
REVISEDN -',2003
TABLE 4
A SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LAGOON VOLUME AND DEPTH ESTIMATES FOR
THE UPPER LAGOON (approximate values
Added Estimated Total Liquid Added Volume By Cumulative
Depth+ Depth Measured From This Component Volume
The Lagoon Bottom
(feet) (feet) (gallons) (gallons)
5 Year Sludge Allowance 3.55 3.55 292,842 292,842
Design Treatment Volume * 4.75 8.30 631,570 924,412
Maximum Six Month Storage 0 8.30 0 924,412
Including Surface In-flow++
Extra Storage Zone++ 0 8.30 0 924,412
25 Year-24 Hour Storm 0 8.30 0 924,412
Freeboard+++ 1 9.30 0 N/A
+ The depth and volume values shown in this table are based on measurements taken at the lagoon site and are only
approximate. EES did not design this lagoon.
++ All excess wastewater storage will occur in the second stage lagoon. There is no surface inflow assumed for these
lagoons.
* The calculated value for the design treatment volume for this many animals is 1,952,280 gallons. Due to the existing
size limitation of this lagoon, it is not possible to achieve the total desired minimum design volume. But since there is a
second stage lagoon to continue anaerobic treatment and help polish the water,this value is assruned satisfactory.
+++This is the space between the top of the dam and the invert of the primary overflow pipe that transfers waste between
lagoons.
TABLES
A SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LAGOON VOLUME AND DEPTH ESTIMATES FOR
THE LOWER LAGOON
Added Total Liquid Depth Added Volume By Cumulative Volume
Depth Measured From The This Component (gallons)
(feet) Lagoon Bottom (gallons)
(feet)
5 Year Sludge Allowance 0 0.00 0 0
Design Treatment Volume+ 6.0 6.00 650,000 650,000
6 Months Of Storage Including 4.5 10.50 976,140 1,626,140
Any Surface Inflow++
Extra Storage Zone 1.2 11.70 402,534 2,028,674
25 Year-24 Hour Storm 1.15 12.85 347,663 2,376,337
Nomial Freeboard(Heavy 1.15 14.00 347,663 2,724,000
Rainfall Factor)
Emergency Freeboard 1.0 1 15.00 1 N/A N/A
+This second stage lagoon will serve mainly for storage, but since the upper lagoon is smaller than required, 6 feet of
treatment depth will be maintained in this lagoon to facilitate anaerobic activity and effluent treatment.
++The typical design value for excess waste storage is 6 months, but this value can sometimes be less. All waste and
excess rainfall is stored in this lagoon. There is no surface inflow assumed for these lagoons.
" Heavy Sumn Allowance. This is a second 25 Year-24 hour storm.
+++This is the space that is never wet+It is between the top of the dam and the emergency overflow.
11

UWSE W WR.2003
12EVISED.IU�'E,a00]
Lagoon Water Level Markers
A permanent type water level marker shall be installed inside each lagoon or waste storage pond (i.e.
where the water level will fluctuate) to mark important liquid levels. The farmer may use some type of
pole inside each lagoon so the operator can tell at a glance the current water level. This measuring
device should be well marked and be of a design which best serves the operator's purpose. An example
would be a vertically mounted 2 or 3 inch white PVC pipe with tees positioned at 'important water
levels. As an alternative the farmer may set a pressure treated post in the lagoon bottom, in a vertical
position, and install wooden or galvanized markers at important lagoon levels. Each important marker
point should be distinct to easily identify the various levels. If possible the upper end of the pole should
be marked in 6 inch increments. The top of the pole should be level with the top or invert of the
emergency overflow. It should also clearly show the pump-on level and the pump-off level as a
minimum. The pole shall be anchored in a fixed position and not vary with water level. Exhibits 5 and 6
show graphs of the lagoon water levels and depths along with important water levels.
TABLE 6
IMPORTANT WATER LEVELS INSIDE LITTLE RIVER FARM' LAGOONS
START PUMPING AT OR STOP PUMPING AT LEAST BY
BEFORE HERE HERE
POND ID (FEET BELOW OVERFLOW) (FEET BELOW OVERFLOW)
Upper Lagoon Old Not Applicable Not Applicable
Lower Lagoon(New) 2.3 + 8
+= Storage for Live 25 Year- 24 Hour Storms (6.3 inches each) is available between here and overflow. Only corder
emergency situations should the farmer let the water level inside the lagoon get closer than 2.3 feet to the emergency
overflow invert. The lower lagoon also holds all the stormwater from the upper lagoon.
NUTRIENT PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL MANURE AND ITS USE ON CROPS
Annual Excess Wastewater Production
Surface water run-off into either lagoon at Little River Farm is assumed to be zero for estimating annual
wastewater production. All wastewater production will come from the animal confinement buildings or
from rainfall directly onto the lagoon surfaces. Table 7 shows a summary of the anticipated wastewater
production that must eventually be land applied. Table 7 was developed using NRCS book values and
does not account for unusually wet or dry seasons, excessive waste produced by the animals, etc.
TABLE 7
ANNUAL WASTEWATER PRODUCTION ESTIMATES FOR LAND APPLICATION
FARMING COMPONENT TOTAL STEADY ESTIMATED ESTIMATED
STATE LIVE ANNUAL MONTHLY
WEIGHT VOLUME VOLUME
8,700 nurse i s+ 261,000 pounds 1,952,280 gall, 162,690 allons
+ Total wastewater production was estimated for this farm by assu ring 1 cubic feet of water production per year
per pound of SSLW. One cubic foot of water equals 7.48 gallons.
Sludge Production And Removal
Accumulated sludge will be removed from the first stage lagoon at Little River Farm as needed, but
most likely on a 5 or 6 year rotation. All NPDES permitted operations will need to measure their
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LITTLE RIVER CAWMP
REVISED IWi E,2003
sludge accumulation annually. Sludge removal will be required anytime the sludge accumulation in a
given lagoon reduces the design treatment volume depth to less than 4 feet (average). The amount of
sludge and its composition will need to be estimated and addressed at that time to accurately plan its
land application. Proper sludge measuring and sampling techniques can be found in the Cooperative
Extension Service publication##AG 604, Waste analyses, volume estimates, sludge removal technique,
crop productions, etc. will all play a factor in sludge removal and application; all of which are factors
that can not be accurately determined at this time. Areas to receive sludge will need a soils analysis
performed within 24 months of the application event and a soils analysis after the last waste application
prior to the sludge application. In general, sludge applications should not occur on fields that routinely
receive animal waste (i.e. effluent). Sludge applied to conventionally tilled bare soil should be soil
incorporated within 2 days of application.
Table 8 shows the estimated sludge volume at the end of 5 years assuming the farm starts with a zero
balance. Table 8 was developed using MRCS book values.
TABLE 8
ANAEROBIC LAGOON SLUDGE 5 YEAR PRODUCTION ESTIMATES
FARMING COMPONENT TOTAL STEADY ESTIMATED 5 ESTIMATED
STATE LIVE YEAR VOLUME YEARLY
WEIGHT VOLUME
8,700 nurse i s+ 261,000 pounds 292,842 gallons 58,568 gallons
+ Total 5 year sludge production was estimated for this fain by using NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 633. For
nursery pigs this is about 6.7 gallons per head per year or 0.9 cubic feet per head per year.
Nutrient Discussions
Once animal waste is collected and stored in a lagoon it starts going through chemical and biological
changes. Temporary waste storage ponds may also offer some nutrient breakdown but not to the extent
of lagoons since waste storage ponds are not specifically designed for treatment. Microbial digestion,
volatilization, etc. all contribute to nutrient reductions in the raw manure. Partially digested animal
manure contains considerable nitrogen as well as other macronutrients such as calcium, phosphorous,
potassium, etc. In addition the animal waste contains many micronutrients such as copper, zinc, iron,
etc. Currently only nitrogen is considered as the limiting nutrient factor for the land application of
animal waste, but in the future other nutrients may become the I'uniting components. The farmer must
perform annual soil tests for copper and zinc. Below the reader will find various nutrients discussed.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a fundamental part of all life on earth. It is used in relatively large amounts by most living
things. Nitrogen is the most abundant element in the atmosphere (in a gas form) but is relatively rare in
rocks, minerals, and soils. Atmospheric nitrogen is very stable and not readily plant available.
Organisms tend to use up nitrogen quickly in a natural setting, thus making it relatively scarce. Under
natural conditions nitrogen is often the limiting factor in plant production. Most plants respond more to
nitrogen applications than to other types of nutrients. Plants must have nitrogen in the inorganic form
(i.e. nitrate and ammonia ions) for assimilation. However we often find nitrogen in a gas form (i.e.
atmospheric N) or in organic form (i.e. like in animal waste), neither form being readily available to
plants. Organic nitrogen found in animal waste must first be converted to an inorganic form. Organic
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