510028_Permit Renewal Application 2019_20190410

State of North Carolina
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Water Resources
Animal Waste Management Systems
Request for Certification of Coverage
Facility Currently covered by an Expiring Sate Non -Discharge General Permit
On September 30, 2019, the North Carolina State Non -Discharge General Permits for Animal Waste Management Systems will
expire. As required by these permits, facilities that have been issued Certificates of Coverage to operate under these State
Non -Discharge General Permits must apply for renewal at least 180 days prior to their expiration date. Therefore, all applications
must be received by the Division of Water Resources by no later than April 3, 2019.
Please do not leave any question unanswered. Please verify all information and make any necessary corrections below.
Application mast be signed and dated by the Permittee.
1. Faun. Number: 51-0028 Certificate Of Coverage Number: AWS510028
2. Facility Name: J&M .Hog Farm Inc
3. Landowner's Name (same as on the Waste Management Plan): J&M Hoc Farm Inc
4. Landowner's Mailing Address: 5110 Strickland Crossroads Rd
City: Four Oaks State: NC Zip: 27524-8114
Telephone Number: 919-320-8001 Ext. E-mail: www.ecudad3(iktriail.com
5. Facility's Physical Address: 5110 Strickland Crossroads Rd
City: Four Oaks State: NC Zip: 27524
6. County where Facility is located: Johnston
7. Farm Manager's Name (if different from Landowner): #3cu,gc R-fvfm errT1f-
g, Farm Manager's telephone number (include area code): 9,4 QQ4-art i Fir
9. Integrator's Name (if there is not an Integrator, write "None"): Murphy -Brown LLC
10. Operator Name (OIC): Benton Johnson Phone No.: 919-320-8001.
11. Lessee's Name (if there is not a Lessee, write "None"):
12. Indicate animal operation type and number:
Current Permit:
Operation Types:
Operations Type Allowable Count
Swine - Feeder to Finish 2,880
OIC #: 18477
Swine Cattle Dry Poultry Other Types
Wean to Finish Dairy Calf Non Laving Chickens Horses - Horses
Wean to Feeder Dairy Heifer Laying Chickens Horses - Other
Farrow to Finish Milk Cow Pullets Sheep - Sheep
Feeder to Finish Dry Cow Turkeys Sheep - Other
Farrow to Wean Beef Stocker Calf Turkey Pullet
Farrow to Feeder .Beef Feeder
Boar/Stud Beef Broad Cow Wet Poultry
Gilts Other Non Laying Pullet
Other Layers
REOPYEDAICENIank
?Pk 932019

13. Waste Treatment and Storage Lagoons (Verify the following information is accurate and complete. Make all necessary
corrections and provide missing data.)
Structure
Name
Estimated
Date
Built
Liner Type
(Clay, Synthetic,
Unknown)
Capacity
(Cubic Feet)
Estimated
Surface Area
(Square Feet)
Design Freeboard
"Redline"
(inches)
I
i f 1
00-7
6 4' 2 64/ a
76,666.00
/Y 7
Mail one (1) copy of the Certified Animal Waste Management Plan (CAWMP) with this completed and signed application
as required by NC General Statutes 143-215.10C(d) to the address below.
The CAWMP must include the following components:
1. The most recent Waste Utilization Plan (WUP), signed by the owner and a certitied technical specialist, containing:
a. The method by which waste is applied to the disposal fields (e.g. irrigation, injection, etc.)
b. A map of every field used for land application (for example: irrigation map)
c. The soil series present on every land application field
d. The crops grown on every land application field
e. The Realistic Yield Expectation (RYE) for every crop shown in ,the WUP
f. The maximum PAN to be applied to every land application field
g. The waste application windows for every crop utilized in the WUP
h. The required NRCS Standard specifications
2. A site map/schematic
3. Emergency Action Plan
4. Insect Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted
5. Odor Control Checklist with chosen best management practices noted
6. Mortality Control Checklist with selected method noted - Use the enclosed updated Mortality Control Checklist
7. Lagoon/storage pond capacity documentation. (design, calculations, etc.) Please be sure the above table is accurate and
complete. Also provide any site evaluations, wetland determinations, or hazard classifications that may be applicable to
your facility.
8. Operation and Maintenance Plan
If your CAWMP includes any components not shown on this list, please include the additional components with your submittal.
(e.g. composting, digesters, waste transfers, etc.)
As a second option to mailing paper copies of the application package, you can scan and email one signed copy of the
application and all the CAWMP items above to: [e-mail]
RECEIVEDINCBRODWR
RR 03?(119

I attest that this application has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. 1 understand that,
if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting information and attachments are not
included, this application package will be returned to me as incomplete.
Note: In accordance with NC General Statutes I43-215.6A and 143-215.6B, any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any application may be subject to civil penalties up to $25,000 per violation. (18 U.S.C.
Section 1001 provides a punishment by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment of not more than 5 years, or both for
a similar offense.)
Printed Name of Signing Official (Landowner, or if multiple Landowners all landowners should sign. If Landowner is a
corporation, signature should be by a principal executive officer of the corporation):
Name: Ha, } fir.. Title: t"r e3 •
Signature: � �$ i/ M .s .[) L %. Date: 3 ".2) 19
Name: Title:
Signature: Date:
Name: Title:
Signature: Date:
THE COMPLETED APPLICATION SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
NCDEQ-DWR
Animal Feeding Operations Program
1636 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, North Carolina 27699-1636
Telephone number: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
FORM: RENEWAL -STATE GENERAL 02/2019

WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN
Coharie Hog Farm
Wednesday, February 1, 2006
Producer : J & M Hog Farm Inc.
Farm Name : J & M Finishing 51-28
6341 Stricklands Crossroads Road
Four Oaks,NC 27524
Telephone # : [phone]
Type of Operation : Feeder to Finish Swine
Number of Animals : 2880 hogs design capacity
Application Method: Irrigation
The waste from your animal facility must be land applied at a specified rate to prevent
pollution of surface and/or groundwater. The plant nutrients in the animal waste should be
used to reduce the amount of commercial fertilizer required for the crops in the fields where
waste is to be applied. This waste utilization plan uses nitrogen as the limiting nutrient.
Waste should be analyzed before each application cycle. Annual soil tests are strongly
encouraged so that all plant nutrients can be balanced for realistic yields of the crop to be
grown.
Several factors are important in implementing your waste utilization plan in order to maximize
the fertilizer value of the waste and to ensure that it is applied in an environmentally safe
manner. Always apply waste based on the needs of the crop to be grown and the nutrient
contents of the waste. Do not apply more nitrogen than the crop can utilize. Soil types are
important as they have different infiltration rates, leaching potentials, cation exchange
capacities, and avaialable water holding capacities. Normally waste shall not be applied to
land eroding at greater than 5 tons per acre per year. With special pre -cautions, waste may
be applied to land eroding at up to 10 tons per acre per year. Do not apply waste on
saturated soils, when it is raining, or when the surface is frozen. Either of these conditions
may result in runoff to surface waters which is not allowed under DEM regulations. Wind
conditions should also be considered to avoid drift and downwind odor problems. To
maximize the value of the nutrients for crop production and to reduce the potential for
pollution, the waste should be applied to a growing crop or applied to bare ground not more
than 30 days prior to planting. Injecting the waste or disking will conserve nutrients and
reduce odor problems. This plan is based on waste application through irrigation for this is
the manner in which you have chosen to apply your waste. If you choose to inject the waste
in the future, you need to revise this plan. Nutrient levels for injecting waste and irrigating
waste are not the same.
The estimated acres needed to apply the animal waste is based on typical nutrient content
for this type of facility. Acreage requirements should be based on the waste analysis report
from your waste management facility. Attached you will find information on proper sampling
techniques, preparation, and transfer of waste samples to the lab for ananlysis. This waste
utilization plan, if carried out, meets the requirements for compliance with 15A NCAC
2H.0217 adopted by the Environmental Management Commission.
Page 1 of 9

AMOUNT OF WASTE PRODUCED PER YEAR (gallons, ft3, tons, etc.)
2880 hogs X 1.9 tons waste/hogs/year = 5472 tons
AMOUNT OF PLANT AVAILABLE NITROGEN (PAN) PRODUCED PER YEAR
2880 hogs X 2.3 Ibs PAN/hogs/year = 6624 PAN/year
Applying the above amount of waste is a big job. You should plan time and have appropriate
equipment to apply the waste in a timely manner.
The following acreage will be needed for waste application based on the crop to be grown,
soil type and suface application.
TABLE 1 : ACRES OWNED BY PRODUCER
TRACT FIELD SOIL TYPE &CLASS- CROP YIELD LBS AW COMM ACRES LBS AW APPLIC.
DETERMINING PHASE CODE N/ACRE N/ACRE USED TIME
11955 I 3 ,GILEAD 2-6% BC 5.1 , 255 0, 8.95 2282.251 MAROCT
11955 3 GILEAD 2-6% SG 1 50i 0 8.95 447.5' SEP-MAY
TOTALS: 2729.75
Indicates that this field is being overseeded (i.e. interplanted) or winter annuals follow
summer annuals.
* Indicates a Crop Rotation
NOTE: The applicator is cautioned that P and K may be over applied while meeting the N
requirments. Beginning in 1996 the Coastal Zone Management Act will require farmers in
some eastern counties of NC to have a nutrient management plan that addresses all
nutrients. This plan only addresses Nitrogen.
Page 2 of 9

TABLE 2 : ACRES WITH AGREEMENT OR LONG TERM LEASE
(Agreement with adjacent landowners must be attached.)
(Required only if operator does not own adequate land. See required specifications 2.)
TRACT FIELD SOIL TYPE &CLASS- CROP YIELD LBS AW COMM ACRES LBS AW APPLIC.
DETERMINING PHASE CODE N/ACRE N/ACRE USED TIME
5435 1 :GOLDSBORO 0-2% . BC 5.5' 2751 OI 4.44 1221 MAR-OCT
5435 1,--1 1GOLDSBORO 0-2% SG 1' 501 0: 4.44 222' SEP-MAY
11954 , 1 :GOLDSBORO 0-2% , BC 5.5! 275i 6.18 1699.5MAR-OCT
11954 !— 1 :GOLDSBORO 0-2% SG . 11 501 01 6.18 3091 SEP-MAY
4589 1 1 7GOLDSBORO 0-2% BC —! 5.5! 275! 0 7.06 1941.5. MAR-OCT
4589 1 1 ,GOLDSBORO 0-2% , SG 1! 50; 0; 7.06 353 SEP-MAY
11954 ' 2 GOLDSBORO 0-2% BC 5.5' 275: 0. 2.13 585.75' MAR-OCT
11954 -• 2 GOLDSBORO 0-2% SG 1 50! 0! 2.13 106.5 SEP-MAY
4455 2 GOLDSBORO 0-2% BC 5.5 275' 0, 8.32 2288! MAR-OCT
4455 — 2 GOLDSBORO 0-2% SG 1 50' 0! 8.32 416' SEP-MAY
5673 2A 'GILEAD 2-6% FC 3.2. 160 0; 4.48 716.8LSEP-OhigoV /uUtL _
11956 6 .GILEAD 2-6% BC . 5.1 255 _ 0; 2.27 578.851 MAROCT
11956 -. 6 jGILEAD 2-6% SG 1 50' OI 2.27 113.5' SEP-MAY
11956 7 IGILEAD 2-6% BC ' 5.11 2551 0 10.34 2636.7 MAROCT
11956 7 jGILEAD 2-6% i SG 11 50' 0 10.34 517, SEP-MAY
TOTALS: 13705.1
Indicates that this field is being overseeded (i.e. interplanted) or winter annuals follow
summer annuals.
* Indicates a Crop Rotation
* Acreage figures may exceed total acreage in field due to overseeding.
**Lbs AW N (animal waste nitrogen) equals total required nitrogen Tess any commercial
nitrogen (COMM N) supplied.
The following legend explains the crop codes used in TABLES 1 and 2 above:
CROP CODE CROP
BC HYBRID BERMUDAGRASS-CONTROLLED GRAZED
SG SMALL GRAIN OVERSEEDED
FC TALL FESCUE -CONTROLLED GRAZED
UNITS LBS N/UNIT
TONS' 50
AC 50
TONS 50
Page 3 of 9

TOTALS FROM TABLES 1 AND 2
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
ACRES LBS AW
N USED
8.95 2,730.
45.22 13,705
TOTALS: 54.17 16,435
AMOUNT OF N PRODUCED: 6,624
*** BALANCE -9,811
*** This number must be less than or equal to 0 in order to fully utilize the animal waste N
produced.
Acres show in each of the preceeding tables are considered to be the usable acres excluding
required buffers, filter strips along ditches, odd areas unable to be irrigated, and perimeter
areas not receiving full application rates due to equipment limitations. Actual total acres in the
fields listed may, and most likely will be, more than the acres shown in the tables.
NOTE: The Waste Utilization Plan must contain provisions for periodic land application of
sludge at agronomic rates. The sludge will be nurturient rich and will require precautionary
measures to prevent over application of nutrients or other elements. Your production facility
will produce approximately 1065.6 pounds of plant available nitrogen (PAN) per year in the
sludge that will need to be removed on a periodic basis. This figure is PAN when
broadcasting the sludge. Please be aware that additional acres of land, as well special
equipment, may be needed when you remove this sludge.
See the attached map showing the fields to be used for the utilization of waste water.
APPLICATION OF WASTE BY IRRIGATION
The irrigation application rate should not exceed the intake rate of the soil at the time of
irrigation such that runoff or ponding occurs. This rate is limited by initial soil moisture
content, soil structure, soil texture, water droplet size, and organic solids. The application
amount should not exceed the available water holding capacity of the soil at the time of
irrigation nor should the plant available nitrogen applied exceed the nitrogen needs of the
crop.
Your facility is designed for 180 days of temporary storage and the temporary storage must
be removed on the average of once every 5.92 months. In no instance should the volume of
waste being stored in your structure be within 1.58 feet of the top of the dike.
If surface irrigation is the method of land application for this plan, it is the responsiblity of the
producer and irrigation designer to ensure that an irrigation system is installed to properly
irrigate the acres shown in Tables 1 and 2. Failure to apply the recommended rates and
amounts of Nitrogen shown in the tables may make this plan invalid.
The following table is provided as a guide for establishing application rates
APPLICATION
CROP RATE (in/hr)
TRACT FIELD
11954
11954
11955
11955
11956
11956
4455
4455
4589
4589
5435
SOIL TYPE
-1, -2 GOLDSBORO 0-2%
1, 2
-3
5435
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GILEAD 2-6%
GILEAD 2-6%
GILEAD 2-6%
GILEAD 2-6%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
GOLDSBORO 0-2%
SG 0.50
BC 0.50
SG 0.35
BC 0.35
SG 0.35
and amounts.
APPLICATION
AMT (Inches)
*1
*1
BC 0.35
*1
*1
SG 0.50
*1
BC 0.50
SG 0.50
BC 0.50
SG 0.50
*1
*1
BC 0.50
*
Page 4 of 9

5673 2A 1GILEAD 2-6% FC 1 0.35 *1
* This is the maximum application amount allowed for the soil assuming the amount of
nitrogen allowed for the crop is not over applied. In many situations, the application
amount shown cannot be applied because the nitrogen limitation, The maximum
application amount shown can be applied under optimum soil conditions.
Page 5 of 9

NARRATIVE OF OPERATION
Acreages based on a wettable acres determination completed on 4-14-04. Producer plans to
sprig tracts 11954 and 11956 in coastal bermuda in the spring of 2006.
Page 6 of 9

PLANS & SPECIFICATIONS
1. Animal waste shall not reach surface waters of the state by runoff, drift, manmade
conveyances, direct application, or direct discharge during operation or land application. Any
discharge of waste which reaches surface water is prohibited. Illegal discharges are subject
to assessment of civil penalties of $10,000 per day by the Division of Water Quality for every
day the discharge continues.
2. The Field Office must have documentation in the design folder that the producer either
owns or has long term access to adequate land to properly dispose of waste. If the producer
does not own adequate land to properly dispose of waste, he shall provide NRCS with a copy
of a written agreement with a landowner who is within a reasonable proximity, allowing
him/her the use of the land for waste application for the life expectancy of the production
facility. It is the responsibility of the owner of the facility to secure an update of the Waste
Utilization Plan when there is a change in the operation, increase in the number of animals,
method of utilization, or available land.
3. Animal waste shall be applied to meet, but not exceed, the Nitrogen needs for realistic
crop yields based on soil type, available moisture, historical data, climate conditions, and
level of management, unless there are regulations that restrict the rate of application for other
nutrients.
4. Animal waste may be applied to land that has a Resource Management System (RMS) or
an Alternative Conservation System (ACS). If an ACS is used the soil loss shall be no greater
than 10 tons per acre per year and appropriate filter strips will be used where runoff leaves
the field. These filter strips will be in addition to "Buffers" required by DEM. (See FOTG
Stantard 393 - Filter Strips and Standard 390 Interim Riparian Forest Buffers).
5. Odors can be reduced by injecting the waste or disking after waste application. Waste
should not be applied when there is danger of drift from the irrigation field.
6. When animal waste is to be applied on acres subject to flooding, it will be soil incorporated
on conventionally tilled cropland. When applied to conservation tilled crops or grassland, the
waste may be broadcast provided the application does not occur during a season prone to
flooding. (See "Weather and Climate in North Carolina" in the NRCS Technical Reference -
Environment file for guidance.)
*7. Liquid waste shall be applied at rates not to exceed the soil infiltration rate such that
runoff does not occur offsite or to surface waters and in a method which does not cause drift
from the site during application. No ponding should occur in order to control conditions
conducive to odor or flies and to provide uniformity of application.
8. Animal waste shall not be applied to saturated soils, during rainfall events, or when the
surface is frozen.
9. Animal waste shall be applied on actively growing crops in such a manner that the crop is
not covered with waste to a depth that would inhibit growth.
10. Waste nutrients shall not be applied in fall or winter for spring planted crops on soils with
a high potential for leaching. Waste nutrient loading rates on these soils should be held to a
minimum and a suitable winter cover crop planted to take up released nutrients. Waste shall
not be applied more than 30 days prior to planting of a crop on bare soil.
11. Any new swine facility sited on or after October 1, 1995 shall comply with the following:
the outer perimeter of the land area onto which waste is applied from a lagoon that is a
component of a swine farm shall be at least 50 feet from any residential property boundary
Page 7 of 9

and from any perennial stream or river (other that an irrigation ditch or canal. Animal waste
other than swine waste from facilities sited on or after October 1, 1995), shall not be applied
closer than 25 feet to perennial waters. (See Standard 393 - Filter Strips)
12. Animal waste shall not be applied closer than 100 feet to wells.
13. Animal Waste shall not be applied closer than 200 feet of dwellings other than those
owned by the Iandownwer.
14. Waste shall be applied in a manner not to reach other property and public right - of ways.
15. Animal waste shall not be discharged into surface waters, drainageways, or wetlands by
discharge or by over -spraying. Animal waste may be applied to prior converted croplands
provided they have been approved as a land application site by a "technical specialist".
Animal waste should not be applied on grassed waterways that discharge directly into water
courses, except when applied at agronomic rates and the application causes no runoff or drift
from the site.
*16. Domestic and industrial waste from washdown facilities, showers, toilets, sinks, etc.,
shall not be discharged into the animal waste management system.
*17. A protective cover of appropriate vegetation will be established on all disturbed areas
(lagoon embankments, berms, pipe runs, etc.). If needed, special vegetation shall be
provided for these areas and shall be fenced, as necessary, to protect the vegetation.
Vegetation such as trees, shrubs, and other woody species, etc. are limited to areas where
considered appropriate. Lagoon areas should be kept mowed and accessible. Lagoon berms
and structures should be inspected regularly for evidence of erosion, leakage or discharge.
*18. If animal production at the facility is to be suspended or terminated, the owner is
responsible for obtaining and implementing a "closure plan" which will eliminate the possibility
of an illegal discharge, pollution and erosion.
*19. Waste handling structures, piping, pumps, reels, etc., should be inspected on a regular
basis to prevent breakdowns, leaks, and spills. A regular maintenance checklist should be
kept on site.
20. Animal waste can be used in a rotation that includes vegetables and other crops for direct
human consumption. However, if animal waste is used on crops for direct human
consumption, it should only be applied as a preemergence with no other applications of
animal waste during the crop season.
*21. Highly visible markers shall be installed to mark the top and bottom elevations of the
temporary storage (pumping volume) of all waste treatment lagoons. Pumping shall be
managed to maintain the liquid level between the markers. A marker will be required to mark
the maximum storage volume fpr waste storage ponds.
22. Waste shall be tested within 60 days of utilization and soil shall be tested at least
annually at crop sites where waste products are applied. Nitrogen shall be the rate -
determining element. Zinc and copper levels in the soils shall be monitored and alternative
crop sites shall be used when these metals approach excessive levels. pH shall be adjusted
for optimum crop production amd maintained. Soil and waste analysis records shall be kept
for five (5) years. Poultry dry waste application records shall be maintained for three (3)
years. Waste application records for all other waste shall be maintained for five (5) years.
Page 8 of 9

23. Dead animals will be disposed of in a manner that meets North Carolina Department of
Agriculture regulations.
* Liquid Systems
Page 9 of 9

SIGNATURE:
NAME OF FARM: J & M Finishing 51-28
OWNER / MANAGER AGREEMENT
I (we) understand and will follow and implement the specifications and the operation and
maintenance precedures estalished in the approved animal waste utilization plan for the farm
named above. I (we) know that any expansion to the existing design capacity of the waste
treatment and/or storage system or construction of new facilities will require a new utilization
plan and a new certification to be submitted to DEM before the new animals are stocked.
I (we) understand that I must own or have acces to equipment, primarily irrigation equipment,
to land apply the animal waste described in this waste utilization plan. This equipment must
be available at the appropriate pumping time such that no discharge occurs from the lagoon
in a 25-year 1-day storm event. I also certify that the waste will be applied on the land
according to this plan at the appropriate times and at rates that no runoff occurs.
NAME OF FAC I OW ER: r-rJ & M jjog Farm Inc.
SIGNATURE. JI , �.- << - DATE: .2 —.2 — 0
NAME OF MANAGER (if different from owner):
please print
DATE:
NAME OF TECHNICAL SPECIALIST: Curtis Barwick
AFFILIATION: Coharie Hog Farm
ADDRESS (AGENCY): 300 Westover Rd.
Clinton, NC 28328
(910) 592_;1122
SIGNATURE:
DATE: - r-
Page 10 of 9

r
ANIMAL WASTE UTILIZATION PLAN
ANIMAL WASTE UTILIZATION AGREEMENT
(Needed only if additional land has to be leased, etc.)
I, J. ++ + �reo, I Ins,�;,c - hereby give J A-/ /-/ :7 Fri SAC.- •
permission to apply animal waste from his Waste Utilization System on .2 v acres of my
land for the duration of time shown below. The field (s) on which waste can be applied are
shown on the attached map.
I understand that this waste contains nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and other trace
elements and when properly applied should not harm my land or crops. I also understand that
the use of waste will reduce my need for commercial fertilizer.
Adjacent Landowner: fftd.-,,/‘
Waste Producer: --M Pict FArr. Svc.
Date: Y/:
Date: 9- 2c
Technical Representative: Date:
SWCD Representative: Date:
Term of Agreement: AO
20 to 4/1gG/��%
(Minimum of Ten Years on Cost Shared Items)
(See Required Specification No. 2)

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Suitt CC
Flush (mum
1-agouas and Pits
Excessive Vegetative •Decaying vegetation
(irowlh
Liquid Systems
f"hlush system is designed and opettecl
sufficiently to rcnIove accumulated solids hum
gutters as designed.
fa"' Remove bridging of accumulated solids in
discharge
-Y+- ,S/ .s /0/70,.
Insect Control Checklist for Anim
al Operations
rouse IMPS to Comlrol Insects
• Accunud:rtiun ofsulids
• ('►timed Solids INF Maintain lagoons, settling basins and pits where
pest breeding is apparent to minimize the
crusting of solids to a depth of no more 111;In 6 -
K. inches over more than 30% of surface.
[l=t Maintain vegetative control along hanks of
lagoons and other impoundments to prevent
accumulation of decaying vegetative matter
along water's edge on impoundment's perimeter.
Site Specific Practices
FeeJccs -----• Kcal Spillage
frl Design, operate and maintain feed systems (e.g.,
bunkers and troughs) to minimize the
„accumulation of decaying wastage.
Fr Clean up spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10
day interval during slimmer; 15-3(I day interval
during winter).
Feed Slot age • Accumulations of feed residues
Reduce moisture accumulation within and
Dry Systems
around immediate perimeter of teed storage
areas by insuring drainage away limn silo
and/or providing adequate containment (e.g.,
covered bin for brewer's grain and sinrilac high
moisture grain products).
Iql Inspect Iirr and remove or break up accumulated
solids in liner strips around led storage as
needed.
ANII(Iluvemlu:r I I, 199(i, Page 1

Animal Ifolding Ateas
f)ry hlanmc Ifandling
Systems
Source — Cause
11117Ps to Control Insects
• Accumulations of animal wastes III' Eliminate low areas that trap moisture along,
and feed wastage fences and other locations where waste
accumulates and disturbance by animals is
f tlinitmal.
(AMaintain fence rows and filler strips around
animal holding areas to minimize
accumulations of wastes (Le., inspect for and
remove or break up accumulated solids as
needed).
• Accumulations of animal wastes
CI Remove spillage on a routine basis (e.g., 7 - 10
day interval during summer; 15-30 day interval
during winter) where manure is loaded for land
application or disposal.
IA Provide liar adequate drainage around maniac
stockpiles.
1.1 Inspect for and remove or break up accunntlale
ll
wastes in filter strips around stockpiles and
manure handling areas as needed.
For more information contact the Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Entomology, !lox 7613, Notth Carolina Slate I ;flimsily,
llaleigh, NC, 27695-7613.
I
We. "- 4141 CI € e ver
3 C/C'a.9 c[S JS.5i#1/4
AMU: - ft" ernhcr I I, 1996, Page 2
Sile Spci-ilic I'r acliccs

-�-d .� /a,'� g f 9 _ s-3 Sr/
EMERGENCY ACTION CLAN
HONE NUMBERS
DWQ 919- 571-4700
EMERGENCY :MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9 _9-989-5050
SWCD 919- 989-5381
NRCS 919- 989-5381
sl-
This plan will_ • be implemented in the event that wastes from
Your operation are leaking, overflowing, or running off
site. You should not wait until wastes reach surface waters
or leave your property to consider that you have a problem.•
You should make every effort to ensure that this does not
happen. This plan should be posted in an accessible
location for all employees at the facility. The following
are some action items you should take.
Stop the release of wastes. Deoe nding on the
situation, this may or may not be possible. Suggested
responses to some possible problems are listed below.
A. Lagoon overflow -possible solutions are:
a. Add so,- to berm to increase `-evat_cn o. .-'am.
,^i. wastes Nases to -_,.._CS at an ^r'^n 1, =r' -
c. Stop all flows to she _agocr. _mmeaate .
a. Cal_ a pumpinc contractor.
e. Make sure nc surface water entering lagoon.
3: Runoff from waste application field -actions
include:
zEcEIVEDINCESOIDW
032019
a. Immediately spoa waste application.
b. Create a temporary diversion to conz.4n waste.
c. Incorporate waste to reduce _ unc f .
a. Evaluate and eliminate the _eascr1(s that
caused the runoff.
Evaluate the .t..ocator: _=tes'or the --=--s
where runoff occurred.
Leakage from the was:a tites and
.a_ .. --. _ _--

d. Repair a-- leaks prior - restarting
D: Leakage from flush systems, houses, solid
separators -action include:
a. Stop recycle pump.
b. Stop irrigation Pump.
c. Make sure no siphon occurs.
d. Stop all flows in the house,, flush systems,
solid separators.
e • Repair all leaks prior to restarting pumps.
E: Leakage from base or sidewall of lagoon. Often
this is seepage as opposed to flowing leaks -
possible action:
or
a Dig a small well or ditch to catch al' seepage
cut in a submersible pump, and pump back t
o
lagoon.
b. _1 holes are caused bv burrowing = n'
cr remove animals and fill holes and
w_ _h a c'_av type soil. compact
c. Have a professional evaluate raluate the condition of
the side walls and iacccn bottom as soon as
ocs �
sib_e.
2. Assess the extent of the spill and note anv obvious
damages.
a. Did the waste reach any surface waters?
b. Approximately hew much was released and v
= • -
_� .V 1.G '_
duration?
Any damage noted, such as emolovee . ;ur•; -
_sr:
kills, or property thedamage?e? J
Did the spill leave the property?
Oces the scill have the pctent._al reach surface
r=
waters?
Could a future rc_.. even,. cause _ ye - - reach
surface waters?
Are '.c able water wells _.. dance__-..C_
o t :e Orocer.i) ?
How much reached surface waters:,
_ . Contact _toropr_aze agencies.
me, _=sill _ , •.___rr'c e •:= - -_

the incident from item 2 above the _
c__ exact cca� on
of the facility, e location. -d directi on.-
movement cf the spi _.l '- and at eo"
The corrective that r 5
='Je measures have been under -axon,
and the seriousness of the situation.
Prcpe_ _7 r er. e *'-aC
� � , l �S . l.._. J � u_ � e waters,
c- _ oca 7 Phone number 91 9-989 - 5050 -
C • iris true t EMS to Contact local l _realt:? Department.
c. Contact CES, phone number 919-989-5380, local SWCD
office phone number 919-989-53-81, and local NRCS
office for advice/technical assistance phone number
919- 989- 5381.
4: If none of the above works call 911 or the Sheriff's
Department and explain your problem to them and ask
that person to contact the proper agencies for you.
Contact the contractor of your choice to been repair
of problem to minimize off -site damage.
a. Contractors Name: .4 I n
c.
Contractors Address:4- 8 -Grp A ( /
Contractors Phone: f?95' -3 601%
6: Contact the technical specialist who cer4-4, the
one
lagoon (NRCS, Consulting Engineer, etc.)
a. Name:
b. Phone: [phone]
Chris Smith
7: Implement procedures as advised by DWO and technical
assistance agencies to rectify the damage, repair the
system, and reassess the waste management plan to keep
problems with release of wastes from happening again.
::auger neanrwcrc:4en ceecmen. _c.
:eon :.36

51- a 2
Version —November 26, 2018
Mortality Management Methods
Indicate which method(s) will be implemented.
When selecting multiple methods indicate a primary versus secondary option.
Methods other than those listed must be approved by the State Veterinarian.
Primary 5econdary Routine Mortality
►Yi
Burial three feet beneath the surface of the ground within 24 hours of knowledge of animal
death. The burial must be at least 300 feet from any flowing stream or public body of water
(G.S.106-403). The bottom of the burial pit should be at least one foot above the seasonal
high water table. Attach burial location map and plan.
Landfill at municipal solid waste facility permitted by NC DEQ under GS 15A NCAC
13B .0200.
Rendering at a rendering plant licensed under G.S. 106-168.7.
Complete incineration according to 02 NCAC 52C .0102.
A composting system approved and permitted by the NC Department of Agriculture & Con-
sumer Services Veterinary Division (attach copy of permit). If compost is distributed off -farm,
additional requirements must be met and a permit is required from NC DEQ.
In the case of dead poultry only, placing in a disposal pit of a size and design approved by the
NC Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (G.S. 106-549.70).
Any method which, in the professional opinion of the State Veterinarian, would make possible
the salvage of part of a dead animal's value without endangering human or animal health.
(Written approval by the State Veterinarian must be attached).
Mass Mortality Plan
Mass mortality plans are required for farms covered by an NPDES permit. These plans are
also recommended for all animal operations. This plan outlines farm -specific mortality man-
agement methods to be used for mass mortality. The NCDA&CS Veterinary Division sup-
ports a variety of emergency mortality disposal options; contact the Division for guidance.
• A catastrophic mortality disposal plan is part of the facility's CAWMP and is activated
when numbers of dead animals exceed normal mortality rates as specified by the State
Veterinarian.
• Burial must be done in accordance with NC General Statutes and NCDA&CS Veterinary
Division regulations and guidance.
Mass burial sites are subject to additional permit conditions (refer to facility's animal
waste management system permit).
• In the event of imminent threat of a disease emergency, the State Veterinarian may enact
additional temporary procedures or measures for disposal according to G.S. 106-399.4.
Signet'!' of Farm Owner/Manager
.� ®Z./_j-)
Date
Signature of Technical Specialist Date

(operator: BENTCN JOHNSON County: y JOHNSTON
!l=t=nc e to nearest residence (other than c_ n.r):
STEAD`. STATE LIVE WEIGHT
0 = --m=
O sons
788t head
ad
O sows
• head
(farrow to finish)
(farrow to feeder)
(f i n i s h i n o only)
(farrow to wean)
(wean to feeder)
1417 lbs.
ivs.
1 Ti
4_- Ibs.
-_ ib .
1)at
TO AL STEADY STATE LIVE WEIGHT (SSLW) =
MINIMUM REQUIRED TREATMENT VOLUME - = '
i p� � �
Volume 38 800 =I_SC. SSLW .. Fr =-_v-.5.-n L t
Treatment Vol ume (Cr) /7 b. SSLN=
Volume = ?VEE''lo of bic feet
-IF- VOLUME^OF,SLU7GEACCUMUIATION
= 1=32;ro.2 cubic feet -
TO AL DESIGN VOLUME
d.
900.0
u t ear.
_ 0 lbs
0 lbs
_ 3BSA0! I b _.
0 lbs
0 i b s
7.essoo lbs.
Vol ume CF) 1 . SSLW
1 CF! I b .
Inside too length 325.0 - te-,n with
-
Too of di! -re •�`.'v,_,_n
- _e=
23.3.0 feet
Freeboard 1.0 feet ; Site Rio_3e= 1." . 1 ,inside ict:oor
Toi-,1 d.sion is000nliquid level -
Bottom of lagoon elevation 35.0 feet
`c.soenc.1 high wale''- table eie ati _. 41. -fe -!-
: _ l de % nn volume using 0r l Emoi _ e •Corm° :l _.
`S!ENDJ Ear END? E=, SIDE1 =S/EIDE_ LENfrTH
. 7.5 2.5
AREA OF TO ' WIDTH LENGTH * =
AREA OF B O T : t
LENGTH * WIDTH =
ARFA _' F MIDSECTION
LENGTH * WIDTH
1�
La.
WIDTH
DPTH
12.0
729:S0.2 (=:' ; E i=i OF TOP)
43688.:8 (AREA REA OF BOTTOM)
2i9_8i!.'-'_' (AREA OF ID_ -_-__ON * 4
-U. FT. = -AREA T-4*AF.EA F .`--!_� a_.. ':. - ARE _ _ _ _a _. .D'-P1H.
i_ ���FLF. 2 -. _ &8Fvt. J 2.0
VOLUME OF LA68ON AT IOTA! HL DES : ij`'j L LE)EL�9Y2 ' °.l F

TEMPORARY STORAGE REQUIRED
DRAINAGE AREA:
Lagoon (top of Gib)
Length * Width = f(?q1
? .Ja 'd.`.. i•_S v iL+ 75725.0 soL:a re feet
Buiidin s (roof and lot water)
Length * Width
0.0 0.0 0.0 squ re feet
TOTAL DA 75725.0 sqllare feet
Design temporary storage period to be
Mpprcim __ __.i1 . --_-duct 7- - --. .-- -- '_=.
180 days.
Volume = 7R9900 L . SSLW . CF 0.f Waste/Lb. e- * 1-0 _z`l=
Volume = 94947 cL b i c feet
Volume Of wash pater
This is the amount of fresh a =er used =0r washing floors or volume
of fresh water used for L flush system. Flush systems that re -,late
the lagoon water are accounted _r in 5A.
Volume
0.0 cai lone C°_- .. 190 _ays --ora e . .4_, _-on_
Per Lr
Volume = 0.0 ouL i = feet
Volume of rainfall in excess of =vapor='tiOn
Use o=r10d 0f time when rainfall exceeds evaporation by i r = -_ - amount.
180 days excess rainfall
_ 7.0 inch
Volume = 7.0 in * DA . 12 inches =-
Volume = 44177.5 cubic T o t

D. Volume of 25 year - 24 hour storm
Volume = 6.7 inches / 12 inchee per foot * DA
Volume = 42279.8 ub et
TOTAL REQUIRED TEMPORARY STORAGE
5f.9447 cubic feet
5 :. 0 cubic -=e= t
E. 44173 cubic feet
5D. 42280 cubic -Feet
TOTAL 1 8 l 4i7lf".' cubic -feet
SUMMARY
Total required :fO1L.rE
Total design volume avail.
683200 cubic feet
692640 cubic feetLl/ % a2.
Min, r'3. treatment volume p1 L = =2 L:dcE cciurvilRt=rn
At e! ev.
i3
=; 1 8010 cubic f eE
44.3 feet. Volume 505471 cubic feet end ULlmpift'J)
T •ot �? 'hoc volume less "Fyr-r.4 r cubic �� _1L,f: i'C LilTl•_ � � i ter storm is�=i�'l-T-eG_=: CLE'et
At e1 e`l. 46.4 feet
Vo urne 3_ .3 cubic feet ist rt pumpin_
Eeasotnai I•:ir:i; wA.ter table e_ elation 41.5 feet
DESIGNED BY:
DATE: //-/e -5�z
APPROVED F ; . 0077i, —4- 0./
LH1�.
SEE ATTACHED WASTE UT l L I ZAT.= ON FLAN
// - /3 — 2-
5-65-3 Cu,y X . 0oO62 �S�D , 1-, "1 Z= /9G.
l990.66 tyc.i-n X /3 6 Ibs /90`
/1:25 At 7h /0/1 /L I

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PLAN
Proper lagoon liquid management should be a year-round priority, It is especially
important to manage levels so that you do not have problems during extended rainy and
wet periods.
Maximum storage capacity should be available in the lagoon for periods when the
receiving crop is dormant (such as wintertime for bermudagrass) or when there are
extended rainy spells such as the thunderstorm season in the summertime. This means
that at the first signs of plant growth in the later winter/early spring, irrigation according to
a farm waste management plan should be done whenever the land is dry enough to
receive lagoon liquid. This will make storage space available in the lagoon for future wet
periods, In the late summer/early fall the lagoon should be pumped down to the low
marker (see Figure 2-1) to allow for winter storage. Every effort should be made to
maintain the lagoon close to the minimum liquid level as long as the weather and waste
utilization plan will allow it.
Waiting until the lagoon has reached its maximum storage capacity before starting to
irrigate does not leave room for storing excess water during extended wet periods.
Overflow from the lagoon for any reason except a 25-year, 24-hour storm is a violation of
state law and subject to penalty action.
The routine maintenance of a lagoon involves the following:
Maintenance of a vegetative cover for the dam,
Fescue or common bermudagrass are the most common vegetative
covers, The vegetation should be fertilized each year, if needed, to
maintain a vigorous stand. The amount of fertilizer applied should be
based on a soils test, but in the event that it is not practical to obtain
a soils test each year, the lagoon embankment and surrounding areas
should be fertilized with 800 pounds per acre of 10-10-10, or
equivalent.
Brush and trees on the embankment must be controlled. This may be
done by mowing, spraying, grazing, chopping, or a combination of
these practices, This should be done at least once a year and
possibly twice in years that weather conditions are favorable for
heavy vegetative growth.
NOTE: If vegetation is controlled by spraying, the herbicide must not be allowed to enter
the lagoon water. Such chemicals could harm the bacteria in the Iagoon that are treating
the waste.
Maintenance inspections of the entire lagoon should be made during the initial filling of
the lagoon and at least monthly and after major rainfall and storm events. Items to be
checked should include, as a minimum, the following:
Waste Inlet Pipes, Recycling Pipes, and Overflow Pipes ---look for:
1. separation of joints
2. cracks or breaks
3. accumulation of salts or minerals
4. overall condition of pipes

Lagoon surface ---look for:
1. undesirable vegetative growth
2. floating or lodged debris
Embankment ---look for:
1. settlement, cracking, or "jug" holes
2. side slope stability ---slumps or bulges
3. wet or damp areas on the back slope
4, erosion due to lack of vegetation or as a result of wave action
5. rodent damage
Larger lagoons may be subject to liner damage due to wave action caused by strong
winds. These waves can erode the lagoon sidewalls, thereby weakening the lagoon dam.
A good stand of vegetation will reduce the potential damage caused by wave action. If
wave action causes serious damage to a lagoon sidewall, baffles in the lagoon may be
used to reduce the wave impacts.
Any of these features could lead to erosion and weakening of the dam. If your lagoon has
any of these features, you should call an appropriate expert familiar with design and
construction of waste lagoons. You may need to provide a temporary fix if there is a threat
of a waste discharge. However, a permanent solution should be reviewed by the
technical expert. Any digging into a lagoon dam with heavy equipment is a serious
undertaking with potentially serious consequences and should not be conducted unless
recommended by an appropriate technical expert.
Transfer Pumps ---check for proper operation of.
1. recycling pumps
2. irrigation pumps
Check for leaks, loose fittings, and overall pump operation. An unusually loud or grinding
noise, or a large amount of vibration, may indicate that the pump is in need or repair or
replacement.
NOTE; Pumping systems should be inspected and operated frequently enough so that you
are not completely "surprised" by equipment failure. You should perform your pumping
system maintenance at a time when your lagoon is at its low level. This will allow some
safety time should major repairs be required. Having a nearly full lagoon is not the time
to think about switching, repairing , or borrowing pumps. Probably, if your lagoon is full,
your neighbor's lagoon is full also. You should consider maintaining an inventory of spare
parts or pumps.
Surface water diversion features are designed to carry all surface
drainage waters (such as rainfall runoff, roof drainage, gutter outlets,
and parking lot runoff) away from your lagoon and other waste
treatment or storage structures. The only water that should be
coming from your lagoon is that which comes from your flushing
(washing) system pipes and the rainfall that hits the lagoon directly
You should inspect your diversion system for the following:
1, adequate vegetation
2. diversion capacity
3. ridge berm height

Identified problems should be corrected promptly. It is advisable to inspect your system
during or immediately following a heavy rain. If technical assistance is needed to
determine proper solutions, consult with appropriate experts.
You should record the level of the lagoon just prior to when rain is predicted, and then
record the level again 4 to 6 hours after the rain (assumes there is no pumping). This will
give you an idea of how much your lagoon level will rise with a certain rainfall amount
(you must also be recording your rainfall for this to work). Knowing this should help in
planting irrigation applications and storage. If your lagoon rises excessively, you may
have an inflow problem from a surface water diversion or there may be seepage into the
lagoon from the surrounding land.
Lagoon Operation
Startup:
1. Immediately after construction establish a complete sod cover on bare soil
surfaces to avoid erosion.
2. Fill new lagoon design treatment volume at least half full of water before
waste loading begins, taking care not to erode lining or bank slopes.
3. Drainpipes into the lagoon should have a flexible pipe extender on the
end of the pipe to discharge near the bottom of the lagoon during initial
filling or another means of slowing the incoming water to avoid erosion of
the lining.
4. When possible, begin loading new lagoons in the spring to maximize
bacterial establishment (due to warmer weather).
5. It is recommended that a new lagoon be seeded with sludge from a healthy
working swine lagoon in the amount of 0.25 percent of the full lagoon
liquid volume. This seeding should occour at least two weeks prior to the
addition of wastewater.
6. Maintain a periodic check on the lagoon liquid pH. If the pH falls below
7.0, add agricultural Iime at the rate of 1 pound per 1000 cubic feet of
lagoon liquid volume until the pH rises above 7.0, Optimum lagoon liquid
pH is between 7.5 and 8.0.
7. A dark color, lack of bubbling, and excessive odor signals inadequate
biological activity. Consultation with a technical specialist is recommended
if these conditions occur for prolonged periods, especially during the warm
season.
Loading:
The more frequently and regularly that wastewater is added to a lagoon, the better the
lagoon will function. Flush systems that wash waste into the lagoon several times daily are
optimum for treatment. Pit recharge systems, in which one or more buildings are drained
and recharged_ e c work well,
..it4ettral:!!4.y.teA 1nctr.4

Management:
.
Practice water conservation ---minimize building water usage and
spillage from leaking waterers, broken pipes and washdown through
proper maintenance and water conservation,
Minimize feed wastage and spillage by keeping feeders adjusted, This
will reduce the amount of solids entering the lagoon
Maintain lagoon liquid level between the permanent storage level and
the full temporary storage level.
Place visible markers or stakes on the lagoon bank to show the
minimum liquid level and the maximum liquid lever (Figure 2-1).
Start irrigating at the earliest possible date in the spring based on
nutrient requirements and soil moisture so that temporary storage
will be maximized for the summer thunderstorm season. Similarly,
irrigate in the late summer/early fall to provide maximum lagoon
storage for the winter.
The lagoon liquid level should never be closer than 1 foot to the lowest
point of the dam or embankment,
Do not pump the lagoon liquid level lower that the permanent storage
level unless you are removing sludge.
Locate float pump intakes approximately 18 inches underneath the liquid
surface and as far away from the drainpipe inlets as possible.
Prevent additions of bedding materials, long-stemmed forage or vegetation,
molded feed, plastic syringes, or other foreign materials into the lagoon.
Frequently remove solids from catch basins at end of confinement houses or
wherever they are installed,
Maintain strict vegetation, rodent, and varmint control near lagoon edges.
Do not allow trees or large bushes to grow on lagoon dam or embankment.
Remove sludge from the lagoon either when the sludge storage capacity is
full or before it fills 50 percent of the permanent storage volume.
If animal production is to be terminated, the owner is responsible for
obtaining and implementing a closure plan to eliminate the possibility of a
pollutant discharge.
Sludge Removal:
Rate of lagoon sludge buildup can be reduced by:

proper lagoon sizing,
mechanical solids separation of flushed waste,
gravity settling of flushed waste solids in an appropriately designed basin, or
minimizing feed wastage and spillage.
Lagoon sludge that is removed annually rather than stored long term will:
• have more nutrients,
. have more odor, and
. require more land to properly use the nutrients.
Removal techniques:
Hire a custom applicator.
. Mix the sludge and lagoon liquid with a chopper -agitator impeller
pump through large -bore sprinkler irrigation system onto nearby cropland;
and soil incorporate.
. Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or
forageland; mix remaining sludge; pump into liquid sludge applicator; haul
and spread onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate.
Dewater the upper part of lagoon by irrigation onto nearby cropland or
forageland; dredge sludge from lagoon with dragline or sludge barge; berm
an area beside lagoon to receive the sludge so that liquids can drain back
into lagoon; allow sludge to dewater; haul and spread with manure spreader
onto cropland or forageland; and soil incorporate.
Regardless of the method, you must have the sludge material analyzed for waste
constituents just as you would your lagoon water. The sludge will contain different
nutrient and metal values from the liquid. The application of the sludge to fields will be
limited by these nutrients as well as any previous waste applications to that field and crop
requirement. Waste application rates will be discussed in detail in Chapter 3.
When removing sludge, you must also pay attention to the liner to prevent damage. Close
attention by the pumper or drag -line operator will ensure that the lagoon liner remains
intact. If you see soil material or the synthetic liner material being disturbed, you should
stop the activity immediately and not resume until you are sure that the sludge can be
removed without liner injury. If the liner is damaged it must be repaired as soon as
possible.
Sludge removed from the lagoon has a much higher phosphorus and heavy metal content
than liquid. Because of this it should probably be applied to land with low phosphorus
and metal levels, as indicated by a soil test, and incorporated to reduce the chance of
erosion. Note that if the sludge is applied to fields with very high soil -test phosphores, it
should be applied only at rates equal to the crop removal of phosphorus. As with other
wastes, always have your lagoon sludge analyzed for its nutrient value.
The application of sludge will increase the amount of odor at the waste application site.
Extra precaution should be used to observe the wind direction and other conditions which
could increase the concern of neighbors.

Possible Causes of' Lagoon Failure
Lagoon failures result in the unplanned discharge of wastewater from the structure, Types
of failures include leakage through the bottom or sides, overtopping, and breach of the
dam, Assuming proper design and construction, the owner has the responsibility for
ensuring structure safety. Items which may lead to lagoon failures include:
Modification of the lagoon structure ---an example is the placement of a pipe
in the darn without proper design and construction. (Consult an expert in
lagoon design before placing any pipes in dams.)
Lagoon liquid levels ---high levels are a safety risk.
Failure to inspect and maintain the dam,
Excess surface water flowing into the lagoon.
Liner integrity ---protect from inlet pipe scouring, damage during sludge
removal, or rupture from lowering lagoon liquid level below groundwater
table.
NOTE: If lagoon water is allowed to overtop the dam, the moving water will soon cause
gullies to form in the dam. Once this damage starts, it can quickly cause a large discharge
of wastewater and possible dam failure.