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HomeMy WebLinkAboutNC0040070_Staff Report_19911002To: Permits and Engineering Unit Water Quality Section Date: October 2, 1991 NPDES STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS County: Gaston NPDES Permit No.: NCO040070 MRO No.: 91-204 PART I - GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Facility and Address: City of Gastonia Water Treatment Plant Post Office Box 1748 Gastonia, North Carolina 28053-1748 2. Date of Investigation: October 1 , 1991 3. Report Prepared By: W. Allen Hardy, Environmental Engineer I 4. Person Contacted and Telephone Number: Randy Hawkins, Senior Opreator (704) 866-6023 5. Directions to Site: The Gastonia Water Treatment Plant is located at the intersection of Falls Street and Long Street in the City of Gastonia. 6. Discharge Point(s), List for all discharge Points: Latitude: 350 16' 06" Longitude: 81° 11' 16" Attach a USGS Map Extract and indicate treatment plant site and discharge point on map. USGS Quad No.: F14SW 7. Size (land available for expansion and upgrading): There appeared to be limited area available for expansion or upgrading. 8. Topography (relationship to flood plain included): The topography is rolling with slopes from 3-12%. The plant is not located in the flood plain. 9. Location of Nearest Dwelling: There were several dwellings located within 100 feet of the water plant. 10. Receiving Stream or Affected Surface Waters: UT to Long Creek a. Classification: C b. River Basin and Subbasin No.: Catawba 03-08-36 Page Two C. Describe receiving stream features and pertinent downstream uses: The receiving stream appeared to be approximately 2-4 feet wide and had a distinct channel. There did not appear to be much flow in the receiving stream prior to the water plant discharge. There was a stormwater pipe that provided most of the receiving stream flow at a point beside the water plant discharge. PART II - DESCRIPTION OF DISCHARGE AND TREATMENT WORKS 1. Type of Wastewater: 0% Domestic 100% Industrial a. Volume of Wastewater: 1.2 MGD (Design Capacity) b. Types and quantities of industrial wastewater: N/A C. Prevalent toxic constituents in wastewater: Alum, chlorine, and potassium permanganate are used in the water purification process. d. Pretreatment Program (POTWs only): N/A 2. Production Rates (industrial discharges only) in Pounds: N/A 3. Description of Industrial Process (for industries only) and Applicable CFR Part and Subpart: N/A 4. Type of Treatment (specify whether proposed or existing): The existing treatment consists of two (2) 0.600 MG holding basins, which act as settling basins, and a sludge dewatering press. 5. Sludge Handling and Disposal Scheme: The sludge is either transported directly to the landfill or is carried to the municipal wastewater treatment plant and is mixed with the WWTP sludge prior to land application. The WWTP sludge is land applied under permit WQ0001793. 6. Treatment Plant Classification: Less than 5 points; no rating (include rating sheet). Class I 7. SIC Code(s): 4941 Wastewater Code(s): Primary: 21 Secondary: PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION 1. Is this facility being constructed with Construction Grants Funds (municipals only)? No 2. Special monitoring requests: No Page Three 3. Additional effluent limits requests: No 4. Air Quality and/or Groundwater concerns or hazardous waste utilized at this facility that may impact water quality, air quality or groundwater? No air or groundwater quality concerns are expected nor is hazardous waste utilized at this facility. 5. Other: N/A PART IV - EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The applicant, City of Gastonia, has requested the renewal of the permit which allows them to discharge supernatant produced from the sludge dewatering process at the water treatment plant. There did not appear to be any site specific problems with the discharge or the treatment facilities. It is recommended that the permit be renewed to include any monitoring deemed necessary by the Technical Review Group. Q - 49-J-1- 11 Signature of Report 16eparer Datel D. Water Quality ional Supervisor Date S� 12' 30" 1 0.07 2 MILS ,970 MAGNETIC NORTH S_ CENTER OF SHEET r:EvrPORr, s. c. 2& nal 10' 485 S!jU7H G:•STONIA r.! '�;�. (CLOvtrc ,.vim •. •,_ i Cn4K. S.l- 2i IM' 1 4754 II SCALE 1_.24000 1 ap gppp 5000 6000 7000 FEET 100p 0 1000 20G 1 KILOMETER I 5 CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL THIS MAP COMPLIES WITH NATIONAL MAP ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR SALE BY U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DENVER, COLORADO 80225, OR RESTON, VIRGINIA 22092 A FOLDER DESCRIBING TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS AND SYMBOLS IS AVAILABLE ON REQUEST 1 MILE QUI RATING SCALE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF FACILITIES Name of Plant:.. LAI,, �� (�xs� n z1 U41� �Y e�� r •e r. ���,-.� Owner or Contact Person: 1,o,,,Aj4 t�wksns t Se,.,Fo� Mailing Address: _L74 — ------- —------- cksr. ,�, rt�1 �_ ZZ------------------ County: kScs.Sinel Telephone: (-Tp4) :961,,- 66,zs NPDES Permit No. NC00 4do-7o Nondisc. Per. No. IssueDate: MaU I . cyg7 Expiration Date: Existing Facility ✓ New Facility Rated By: Lke" 1- "0&4 Dater Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Reg. Office Reviewed (Train. & Cert.) Central Office ORC Grade ITEM POINTS ITEM POIN (1) Industrial Pretreatment Units and/or (4) PRIMARYTREATMENT UNITS Industrial Pretreatment Program (a) Septic Tank see definition no. 43 (see definition No. 33) 4 (b) Imhoff Tank ................................. . (2) DESIGN FLOW OF PLANT IN GIRD (c) Primary Clarifiers ............................ (not applicable to non -contaminated cooling (d) Settling Ponds or Settling Tanks for Inorganic waters, sludge handling facilities for water Non -toxic Materials (sludge handling to .ilitiPs purification plants, totally closed cycle ,for water purification—plaats, sand, gravel, systems (def. No. 11), and facilities stone, and other mining operations except consisting only of Item (4) (d) or Items (4) (d) recreational activities such as gem or gold and (11) (d)) mining) ...................................... 0 - 20,000 .......................... 1 (5) SECONDARY TREATMENT UNITS 20,001 50.000.......................... 2 (a) Carbonaceous Stage 50,001 100,000 .......................... 3 (i)Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System ..... 2( 100,001 -- 250,000 .......................... 4 Diffused Air System ........... 1 ( 250,001 500,000.......................... 5 Mechanical Air System (fixed, 500,001--1,000,000 .......................... 8 floating or rotor) .............. f: 1.000,001 -- 2.000,000 ........................ 10 Separate Sludge Reaeration ..... 2,000,001 (and up) - rate 1 point additional for each (ii) Trickling Filter 200,000 gpd capacity up to a High Rate ................... 7 maximum of 30 Standard Rate ............... E Packed Tower ............... ` (4 (iii) Biological Aerated Filter or Aerated Design Flow (gpd) t� Biological Filter ...................... 1 ( (iv) Aerated Lagoons ..................... . 1 ( (v) Rotating Biological Contactors .......... 1( (3) PRELIMINARY UNITS (see definition no. 32) (vi) Sand Filters - intermittent biological .... 2 (a) Bar Screens ................................ 1 . recirculating biological ..... 3 or (b) Mechanical Screens, Static Screens or (vii) Stabilization Lagoons ................... 5 Comminuting Devices ........... 2 vni Clarifier 5 ............ (c) Grit Removal ............................... 1 (ix) Single stage system for combined or carbonaceous removal of BOO and (d) Mechanical or Aerated Grit Removal 2 nitrogenous removal by nitrification ........... (e) Flow Measuring Device ....................... 1 (see def. No. 12) (Points for this item have to be in addition to items (5) (a) or (f) In Flow Measurement .............. 2 (i) through (5) (a) (viii) ................. 8 (g)Preaeration (x) Nutrient additions to enhance BOD ................................ 2 removal............................... 5 (h) Influent Flow Equalization 2 (xi) Biological Culture ("Super Bugs") addition ................... (i) Grease or Oil Separators - Gravity .......... 2 to enhance organic compound removal ... 5 Mechanical.......... 3 Dissolved Air Flotation. 8 (i) Prechlorination .............................. S {b) -Nitoogenous Jtaye t Aeration - High Purity Oxygen System ..... (7 9 Y Y9 Y 20 (i) Sludge Holding Tank - Aerated ' Diffused Air System ........... ................ 5 10 Non -aerated ............ 2 Mechanical Air System (fixed 0) Sludge Incinerator - (not including activated floating, or rotor) ...... ...... Separate Sludge Reaeration ..... 8 carbon regeneration) . 10 3 (k) Vacuum Filter, Centrifuge or Filter Press or other (ii) Trickling Filler - High Rate .............. similar dewalering devices .................... 1 0 7 Standard Rate ............ 5 (8) SLUDGE DISPOSAL (including incinerated ash) Packed Tower............ 5 (a) Lagoons .... (iii) Biological Aerated Filter or Aerated anon ... ace a . . (b) Land Application (surface and subsurface) Biological Filter ......................... 10 (see definition 22a) (iv) Rotating Biological Contactors ............ (v) Sand Filler- 10 -where the facility holds the land app. permit ... 1 0 intermittent biological -by contracting to a land application operator who 2 ........ recirculating biological ........ holds the land application permit ................ 2 3 -land application of sludge by a contractor who does (vi) Clarifier ................................ 5 not hold the permit for the wastewater treatment (6) TERTIARY OR ADVANCED TREATMENT UNIT (a) Activated Carbons Beds facility where the sludge is generated ......... 10 (c) Landfilled (burial) ............................. 5 - (9) DISINFECTION without carbon regeneration .................. 5 (a) Chlorination with carbon regeneration .................... .............................. 5 1 5 (b) Dechlorination (b) Powdered or Granular Activated Carbon Feed - ........................ 5 (c) Ozone without carbon regeneration ................. .............................. 5 5 (d) Radiation with carbon regeneration ................... ...... 5 15 (10) CHEMICAL ADDITION SYSTEM (S) (See definition No. 9) (c) Air Stripping ............................. 5 (not applicable to chemical additions rated as item (d) Denitrification Process (separate process) ..... 1 0 (3) 6). (5) (a) (xi), (6) (a), (6) (b), (7) (b), (7) (e), (e) Electrodialysis .............................. 5 (9) (a), (9) (b), or (9) (c) 5 points each: List: (f) Foam Separation ............................. 5 (g) Ion Exchange ................................ 5 5 (h) Land Application of Treated Effluent 5 (see definition no. 22b) (not applicable for 5 sand, gravel, stone and other similar mining 5 (11) MISCELLANEOUS UNITS operations) '(i) on agriculturally managed sites (See def. (a) Holding Ponds, Holding Tanks or Settling Ponds - for Organic or Toxic Materials including wastes No. 4)................................... 10 from mining operations containing nitrogen and/or (ii) by high rate infiltration on non -agriculturally phosphorous compounds in amounts significantly managed sites (includes rotary distributors greater than is common for domestic wastewater 4 and sim'dar fixed nozzle systems) ........... (iii) by subsurface disposal (includes low .......... 4 (b) Effluent Flow Equalization (not applicable to storage basins pressure which are inherent in land application systems). 2 pipe systems and gravity systems except at (c) Stage Discharge (not applicable to storage basins plants consisting of septic tank and nitrifica- inherent in land application systems 5 tion lines only) ............................. ....................................... 4 (d)Pumps................................(i) Microscreens.............................. ..................................................................... 3 5 (e) Stand -By Power Supply.................................................................. (j) Phosphorus Removal by Biological Processes 3 (f) Thermal Pollution Control Device (See def. No. 26) ............................. ............................................. 3 20 (k) Polishing Ponds - without aeration ....... 2 with aeration .......... 5 (1) Post Aeration - cascade .............. 0 (m) Reverse Osmosis...,,,•diffused or mechanical ... 5 TOTAL POINTS ,,,, .. .............. (n) Sand or Mixed -Media Filters - low rate ........... 5 2 high rate .......... (o) Treatment processes for removal of metal or 5 CLASSIFICATION cyanide .................................... (p) Treatment ........................................................ 5 - 25 Points 15 CPass processes for removal of toxic 1 materials other than metal or cyanide ......... ........................................................ 26- 50 Points 15. Class III 7) SLUDGE TREATMENT ....................................................... 51- 65 Points Class IV ........................................................ 66- Up Points (a) Sludge Digestion Tank - Heated ............... Facilities having a rating of one through four points, inclusive, 10 do not require a certified operator. Classification of all other Aerobic ............... Unheated 5 facilities requires a comparable grade operator in responsible charge. ...... (b) Sludge Stabilization (chemical or thermal) ....... 3 S (c) Sludge Drying Beds - Gravity ................ 2 Facilities having an activated sludge process will be assigned Vacuum Assisted ....... (d) Sludge Elutriation 5 a minimum classification of Class II. ............................. (e) Sludge Conditioner (chemical or thermal) ........ 5 5 Facilities having treatment processes for the removal of metal (f) Sludge Thickener (gravity) ...................... (g) Dissolved Air Flotation Unit 5, or cyanide will be assigned a minimum classification of Class II. (not applicable to a unit rates as (3) (i) ......... (h) Sludge Gas Utilization 8 \ Facilities having treatment processes for the biological removal (including gas storage) .. .. 2 of phosphorus will be assigned a minimum classification of Class` III. . DEFINITIONS • (I)Activated Carbon Bads. A physicaVchemica. o,slhod lot reducing soluble organic mal.621 Iron wastewater .01-1: the column-yp. bads used in IN. method will hat• a flow tale varying from two to tight gallons par minute Pet squat& toot and may bo eithor upnow or downllow carbon hods. Carlson may or may not be togenotatod on the wastewater treatment plant silo. (2)Aeraled lagoon. A basin in which al sad& are mainuinod in suspension and by which biological oxidation or *,panic matt.n is tudueed through arGlicialry accelerated transfer of otygon on a $low• ifv..gh Oasis; (7)Aatar',on. A process of dinging about intimate contact between a;r of high putily oxygen in a I;quid by spraying, ag;faLon diffusion; (4)A91iculIvlA4y managod 1;1o. Any silo on which a atop Is p advc.d, managed, and ha,vostod (Cie;) includes grassos, grains. Iroos, ale); (S)Aif Stripping. A process by which the ammonium ion it 6/11 converted to dissolved ammonia (pH adjustment) with the ammonia than released to the almAsphate by physical ratans; or other t;mila, procossos which remove pouoleum products such as bonaena, toluene, and xylona. (6)Catbon Roger.4ralion. The regeneration of exhausted carbon by the use 01 a furnace to provide oalrsmefy high temperatvres which votatlize and oxidize the absorbed impurities: (2)Carlsonacoovs Stage, A slag* of wastewater ltea:monl designed to Ach;ova 'secondary' olllvont (e)Conuitvge. A mechanical dovieo in which centrifugal [oleo Is used to separate solids (rom liquids andtof to separate liquids of different don,il;u• (9)Chem;cal Addition Syslams - Tits addition of chemical (s) to wastewater al an applies lion point far purposes of improving solids removal. PH adjustment, alkalinity control, etc.; the capability to o,P-I;ment with different chemicals and diflorent 3pP6cation points to achieve a specific result win be considered one Syxlom: 111* capab;lity to add chemical (a) to dual units will be rated as once sy.lun.: capablily to add a chemical al difference application points for dilinent purposes will result in the systems bung tale as sop era la system, (10)Chomicsl Sludge Conditioning, The addition of a chomcal compound such as time, lotr;c chloride, or a Poymsf to war sludge to eoal.tco the mass prior to ;u appfical;olt to a dowaloring device; (1 I)Closod Cycle Syslomt. Us* of holding ponds or holding lanks for containment of wastewater eontauwng inorganic, non•Iouc materials from sand, gravel, crushed stone or other similar opoations, from which that. is no discharge to the surface watt!-: such systems ship carry a maximum of two points rogardless of pumping lacl'dies w any other appvnonances; (12)Combined Removal of Carbonaceous 600 and Hitrog.novs Removal by Nitrification - A singis stage system •dergnad' Ie achieve 'advanced' pormil olnu—I rueils on 600 and ammonia nitrogen within the same biological reactor. (U)OA-chlorination. The perlial or complete reduction of residual chlor;no in a liquid by any chamical of physical Process; (14)0eeitfilkl6on Process. The conversion of nitrato-nittogan 10 rsiuog.n gas' (IS)Ehtclfodialysts, Place" lot I*mov;ng ionized sells from waist through the use o1 ion-adeclivt ion--xchanq. membrane.; (16)Flt.f Piss$, A process operated mechanically for partially dowxloring sludgy (17)Foam S4p3t4f;on. The planned frothing of was[tw2l4f or wastewater .Illuant at a moans of ismovirg excessive amounit or detergent materials through the introduction of aft In the form at line bubbles; also c"od loam fractionation' (Is)Grit Rainiest. The Process of romov;ng grit and other heavy mineral matter from wastewater: (19)Imholl Tank. A deep Iwo story waslewalet link consisting of an upper sodimenlalion chambor and a lower sludge digestion chamber, (20)Instrumanb.d Flow Maasuement. A device which indicates snorter ,.cords rate of now: (21)lon Etchings. A chomicai Process in which ions from two diffaranl motsculos ate exchanged' (22)Land application: (a) Sludge Disposal, A final sludge disposal method by which sludge may be applied to land o;th.t by spraying on the surface of by subsurface injection (I.*.. ch;sd • real applicable fur described typos of sludge descred in (11) of We Rule): (b)Traaled Elfluent. Thwprocess of spraying trealed wastewater onto a land list of other methods of awe&lion 01 wasl4w2ter onto a land area as a means or final disposal Andre! leatmonl: (20)IAkeosce-A. A low speed, continuously back.washed, totaling drum Gl:ef operating under gravity conditions at t polishing method removing suspended solids from effluent; (24)NAri6ication Process. The biochemical conversion of unosid;zod nitrogen (ammonia and organic niuogan) Io ox;d;z.d nitration (usually nil,tle): (2S)Niuog.nouz Soso. A separate stage of wastewater treatment designed for the specific pwpose of converting ammon;a eiuogon to nilrate nitrogen: (26)PhosPhxlf Removal Biological, The removal of phosphorus Irom wastewater by an oxictanoxic proeats designed to enhance luxury uptake of phosphorus by the. microorganisms; (22)Potishfn9 Pond. A holding pond lolowirg secondary Uoatm. nil with sufficient deunlion to allow for the sellliN 01 &rely suspended solids; 1 (26)Posi Aeration Aoration lolbw;ng conventional secondary treatment Veils to incnass effluent D.O. . or for any that purpose: (29)Poso Aeration (Cascade) A pa h;ng method by which dissolved oxygen is added to the .Ifive t by I norvn.chan;cal, gravity means a( Mill; down a sori.s of slips Ot waits; The Now occurring across the steps e1 weirs nsovos in a lafrly thin layer And the operation of the catcade ,.quires ne oporalof adjuslmonl: thus, ten points are assigned .van though this is an essential slop to moo tug tha "it of the d;schergo permit: (70)Pewder.d at Granular Activated Carbon Food. A biophyskal carbon process that utilizer biological aclivily and organic absorption by us$np powdered or granular activated carbon• Virgin and/or ,tgonverted canben is load controlled Into the trefoils: (3I)P/0a*t31ion. A lank constructed to provide aeration prior to primary Veetmonl• (7Z)Pnlimi6ary Wilts. Unit operations in the treatment process, such as screening and comminution, that peoples the liquor lot subsequent major operations; (77)Indusu;xt Petre.tment: (A)Prs-tr4%Un4nl Unit, Industrial. The conditioning of a waste at Its source before ditchs'gs, to Ismove of to neutralize substances Injurious to *-wens and lroalmdnl Processes or to fiber a partial'odvc4on in load on a In atrnanl Process which Is operated by the tam. governing body as the wasewater Ireabrrtonl plant being (ated; (b)Pte-I(oatmon$ P102raoq Industrial - must be A Start Of EPA required program to rocsiv. points on thst-tadng shoot: 134)P'Imary Cfatir;ors, The firer s4ll4ng links through which wastewater Is passed in A I(aalmsell works for the jawpos. of removing settleable and suspended solids and 800 which is associated with the tolids: (75)Pumps. Air influonk effluent, and in -plant pumps; (76)RAdiatiof. Oisinlaclion and/or ""'144 lion process utilizing devices smiting uluav;olol 91 gamma rare; (]T)Revelse Osmosis. A treatment process in which a heavy contaminated liquid is pfessudzed (Hough a membrane forming noaB1 pun liquid ill* from suspended sods; (Js)Aolaling Biological Conue[ors. A ,lead biological growth placate in which wastewater 110w5 Through links in which a series or paltiAlly submerged circular surfaces are totaled• (79)Sand Flters:(apnlorm;ll•nl Biological. Filtration of effluent following toplic links, 939004s, or some other Poalm.nl peace,, in which further biodoeompos;lion it expected to produces desired olllvonts: Hydraulic ,*.ding rate, on Ih.se !Ater- at. computed In gpdAe and her. a f.sulting low 9PMtf (test than one): Ib)R ec;ncvla ling biological . ch. tame type of e.nd 611.r as 4e4nad In (a) with the added dapAbi4ly to #•cycle .Invent back through be sand filter: (40)Sand of W..d•M.dia Filters. A polishin9 Proca-s by which .Ifluenl 4mks at. achi... d through a further eduction at suspended solids:(a)luw felt -- gravity, hydraulically loaded filter with loading "I" ;n the on- le three ppmtaf 1an9e:(b)h;gh at. -- a Pe.s hydraulically loaded filter with loading ,ties In the rms 9yNtf tango: At any rate, the loading rate will exceed tree gpfwsh (41)Secondary ClariGors. A link which follows Me biological unit of a treztresnl plan, and which has the purpose of removing sludge associaed with the biological vaavnool Utica' 02)S-Pata10 Sludge Reaeralion. A pan of the contact stablitation process whore the activated slvdgo is Iranstorted to a tank and totaled before '*turning it to the batin: (U)S.ptk Tank. A dn91e-dory s-.u6esq link In which settled tivelge Is in contact with the wastewater Ilowinp Ihrough the lank; shalt nor be applicable lot septic lank systems sorting sing,. ,amity rosidences having A capac;y of 2000 gallons or lass which ditchar9e to a niu;Gcation field: (44)Sludge Digestion. The process by which organic or volatile matter and sludge is gasified, liquefied, mineralized or convened into mote stable organic matter through the aclivily of living organisms, which indud*s aerated holding lank.: (45)Studgo Ory;ng Dods. An sees eompe;sI g naluial or artificial layers of porous malerials upon which digested eewag. sludge is dried by draimge and ovapatalion: (46)Sludgs Eblrialion. A process of sludge conditioning in which certain constituents ar& removed by successive washings with both water or plant *Invent: (42)Slud94 Gas Utilization. The Process of using sewage gas for the purpose of heating buildings, laving anginas, ale.' (4e1Sludge Holding lank (Atellod and Nomorated). A lank utilized lot small waslawator treatment r4-1, not eonfalning A d;guslof In which dvdge may feu kepl Lech, and wpomat>nl w;11dr.,wn p,;o, to a drying method (i.e. slvdgo dying Welt): This may be done by add;ng a small amount of a;, simply to keep [be sludge flesh, but not nocotsatily an amount that would be togvued to achieve tiabilizi6on of otgxnic mallor. A nonasntod lank would simply be used to decant trudge oiler so dowaiorLs9 and would simply be used to docent sludge prior to d*waler;ng and would evil allow long periods (several days of detention) without 'osult;ng odor piobloms: (49)Slvdgo Incinolalots. A lurnaco dot;gnod to built tludgs and to remove all moisture and combvsl;Wo matar;als and raduc& the sludge to a stand- ash• (SO)Sludge Stabilization (Chemical or Thermal). A Process to make treated sludge loss odorous and puuastrible, and to reduce the pathogenic organism content; This may be done by pH adjustment chlorine dosing, or by heal uoalmeni: (SI)Sludge Thickener. A type of sedimentation lank ;n which the sludge is permitted to .ere. and thicken through agilalion and gravity; (52)SIab;4za Goes lagoon. A type of oxidation lagoon in which biological oxidation of organic matter is affected by natural transfer of oxygen to the water team air (not a polishing pond); (S7)Stand-By Power Supply. On site or portable electrical gonuatirg equipment; (54) Static Screens. A stationary scsoen designed to remove solids Including non•biodegradablo particulals (floatable solicit, suspended solids and 800 (oduction) from municipal and Incivsttial wastewater treatment systems' (55)Talliary Treatment. A stage of Gaalmsnl lollowing secondary which is primarily for the purpose of effluent polishing; A soiling lagoon or sand or coal ,ante nigh, be employed for this purpose. (56)Thermal Pollution Control Oov;e*. A device Providing lee the transfer of heal from a fluid flowing ;n tubes to 2noth4t fluid outside the rubes, or vice versa; or, other moans of [&quilting liquid lemperabures• (S))Thetmal Sludge Conditioner. A conditioning Procost by which heal is added for a prouacl*d period of time to Improve the dowalerabil;ty of sludge by the tolubiliting and hydrautizing of the smat$er and non highly hydrated sludge particle.• (SB)Tox;e Materials. Those wasps w eoenlsrnal;ons of wastes including disease -causing agents which ,[Ise discharge and upon oapasurt, ingaslion, inhalation a assimilation into any organism either dsocdy from the envitonmonl or indr.cdy by ingestion through food chains, will cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, sanest, genetic mutations, physiological malfunctions (including mapuned0ns in reproduction) or physical deformations, in such organisms of their offspring: Toxic materials include, by way illustration and not limitation• load, cadmium, chromium, mercury, vanadium, ateenie, line, orlho-nitro-ehlorebonz.ne (ONCE polychlorinated b;phenyls (PCBs) and dichlotodiphonyl trichforoothano (DDT): and any other materials that have or may hersahat be delormined to have toxic properties; (S9Jbickling fiber- A biological treatment unit consisting of material such as broken snots, or lock over which wattswalor is distributed: A high tale trickling Idler is one which is operalea-al bo: veen 10 and 30 mild per acre. A low rate trickling IAter Is one which is designed to operate at one'se low mqd pre acre: (60)Mckling Fluor (Packed Tower). A plug grow type of operation in which wastewater flows down Waugh successive layers 01 media or filtrate material; 019AAk material is rometvod continuaCy by active biological fixed growth in each successive layar. This method may produce -secondary' cualiiy ofllut i. cr may be adapted to product a nitrifrod effluent; (61)Vaeuum Filters, Centrifuges, or Filter Presses, Devices which ere designed to remove excess water Irom either digested or und'gsst4d sludge prior to disposal or further Irealmont. "1