20151032 Ver 1_Application_20151001

Corps Submittal Cover Sheet
Please provide the follo���ing info:
l. Project Nauie ReUlace Bridee No. 182 on SR 1747 (Johns Creek Roadl
2. Name of Property Owner/Applicant: NC Deuartment of Transuortation
3. Name of Consultaut/
*Agcn� autliorizaiion needs to be n��ached.
4. Related/Previous Actiou ID number(s): N/A
5. Site Address: N/A
6. Subdivisiou Natne: N/A
7. City: Sylva
8. County: Jackson
9. Lat: 35.286974° N Lang: -83.063086 ° W (Appros. Project Center)
]0. Quadrangle Name: Tuckase�ee (35083-C1-TF-024)
11. Waterway: Johns Creek (WS-III)
12. Watershed: Little Teimessee River (06010203)
13. Rec�uested Action:
X Nationwide Perfuit # 3
General Permit #
Jurisdictional Determination Request
Pre-Application Request
Tlie following information will be completed by Corps office:
AID:
Prepare File Folder Assign number iu ORM Begin Date
Authorization: Section 10 Section 404
Project Descriptioi�/ Nature of Activity/ Project Purpose:
Site/Waters Name:
Keywords:

P,aT MCCaoRY
GOVEIL\OR
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STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPAR'TMENT OF 1TZANSPORTATION
October 1, 2015
Ms. Lori Seckwitl�, NCDOT Regulatoiy Project Manager
U. S. Army Coips of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, NC 28801-2714
Nlct[oi,r�s J. TEriNVSON
SECRETARI'
Subject: Natiomvide 3 Permit Application
Replace Bridge No. 182 on SR 1747 (Jotu�s Creek Road) over Joluis Creek
Jackson County
State Project No. 17BP.14.R129 (DB14B-490182)
DWR Minor Permit Fee ($240.00)
Dear Ms. Beckwitli:
Tl�e North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) is proposing to replace tlie subject
bridge. The existing 20.5' span timber bridge �ieeds to be replaced dne to deterioration a�id
insufficient width. The proposed replacement sU•ucture will be a 32.75' L x 2T W x 18" D cored
slab bridge. The bridge will be stage constructed sliglitly upstream of existing location in order
to maintain traftic on this dead end road during construction.
�nclosed are a PCN application, Preliminaiy Jurisdictional Form, SHPO forms, plan slieets
showing the proposed work, a USGS quad m1p, photographs, and otlier pertinent project
informatiou.
The North Carolina Natural Hei•itage Program database was checked Yor records of tlueatened
and endangered species. Tliere are 63 species with federal status that are kno�vn iu Jackson
Cow�ty from current or historical records. Of these, eiglit species, Carolina Nordiern Flying
Squirrel (G]mtconrys snbrinus colorn/trs), Ittdiana bat (�blyotis sodnlis), Appalachian elktoe
(Alrrsmidor7ln rnvenelitma), spruce-fir moss s��ider (�Ylicrolaextu•n ntaalivaga), small whorled
pogonia (Isolria medeolordes), swauip piiilc (Helonios Gidlntn), rock guome liclten (Gynmorlermn
lineru•e), and northern long-eared bat (�bl��otis seyterah•ion�drs, NLEB), ai•e listed as eitl�er
tlu•eatened or endangered. Jackson County is now considered occupied swnmer and winter
liabitat for NLEB aud Indiana bats.
Appalachian elktoe are found in some well-osygenated streauis with moderate to fast flowing
�vater and st�ble, mixed substrates of silt, saud, gravel, and/or cobble. Streaius that support this
mussel are typically mucl� larger ancl warmer than Jolms Creek. The only records in Jackson
County are Yrom die Tuckasegee River. The bridge is over 8 iniles upstreaui of tlie Tuckasegee
Fourteen�h Dirision Officc
Telephone: [phone]d1 253 R'ebstzr Road, Sylra, Nurth Carolina 28779 Far (828) 586-d043

z
River and over 13 iniles upsh�eam of tlie desiguated critical habitat for Appalachian elktoe
mussels in the river.
NLEBs and Indiana bats winter in caves or mines with stable, but not fi•eezing, cold
temperah�res. This project only involves a small bridge replacement in a confined valley, so
consh•uction work will not extend far from the existing roadway into areas where c�ves could
occw•. There are no caves or mines visible near tlie bridge. And, according to USGS data, the
nearest undergrouud mine is over 3.5 miles away.
In summer, NLEBs aud Indiau� bats generally roost under the Ioose bark of trees, either dead
�vitli peeling bark oi• cavities, or live trees with shaggy bark such as �vhite oak, maples, sycamore
aud hickories. There are a£ew small trees near tlie bridge tl�at nuist be cleared Yor the site work.
Any tree removal will be coinpleted froro October 15 to April 15 to avoid die seasons when
eitlier species of bat may be roosting in trees. Also, �ve conducted a sutvey oY'the bridge on June
18, 2015 and did uot see roosting bats or any evidence of bat usage (i.e. staining or guano). With
winter tree clearing, we reconunend a"may affect, not likely to adversely affect" determination
for NLEB and Iudiana bat.
Sinall whorled pagonia generally occurs in opeu, diy, deciduous woods witli acid soil, though
habitats can include slopes along streams and mesic forest with white pine and rhododendron.
Tliere is a wooded slope souttnvest of the bridge that inay be suitable habitat and may be
disturbed for the project We briefly surveyed diis area, but failed to detect a�ry small �vhorled
pagonia. The nearest small whorled pagonia record is over 13 miles fi•om the bridge.
The Carolina northern flying squirrel, rock gnome lichen, and spruce-fir moss spider are found in
spruce-t7r forests and other isolated high elevation locations in western North Caroliva.
Ho�vever, rock gnome lichen is an exception bec�use it cnu occasionally be fouud at lo�ver
elevations in deep river gorges with high humidity or on some veirtic�l rock faces that are
periodicalty wet These species have been found withu� a few miles of the bridge, but at much
I�iglier elevations. The bridge site has an elevation of only 3,040 feet and lacks rock faces aud
other habitat conditions required by these species.
S�vamp pii�l: is found in some bogs and slope wetlands witl� permanent soil surface or near-
surface liydrologic conditions. Tl�ere are no wetl�nds �iear the bridge, so s�vamp pink will not be
affected.
The project is limited in scope to a bridge replacement. Erosion and sedimentation control
measiires will be implemented to iuiniiuize adverse effects of tl�e work on aquatic habitats.
Habitats for listed species appear lackiiig at the project site and uone of tliese species were
oUserved during field visits. For these reasons aud those discussed above, we recommend that a
detennination of "no effeet" on listed species apply to this project.
Tliis project was reviewed by NCDOT's Hwnau Enviromnent Unit in 2013-14 and it was
determined that no historic structures or archeological resources would be affected by the bridge
project (see attached forins).

3
NCDOT best mauagement practices will be used ro minimize and control sedimentation and
erosion on this project. The construction foreman will review all erosion control measares daily
to ensure sedimentation and erosion controls are being effectively controlled. If the devices are
not fimctioning as intended, tl�ey will be replaced inunediately with better devices.
Impacts to Waters of the Uuited States
Joluis Creek (DWQ Class: WS-III) is sl�own on the USGS topographic map as a peremiial
stream. The cl�a�mel is approximately 6 feet in �vidth and �vell defined �vith a substrate of saud,
gravel, and rock. Thc stream has sufticient flow to support fish, including trout, and other
aquatic life. Johns Creek flows to Caney Fork Creek, which the flows to the Tuckasegee River
River. The Tuckasegee River meets the definition of a Traditional Navigable Water (TNW). For
these reasons, �ve believe Jolms Creek is a Relatively Petuianent Water (RPW) and is under tl�e
jurisdictiou of tlie U.S. Ai•my Corps of Engineers. In order• to constilict tlie project, it will be
necessat�}� to impact waters of flie United States in the Little Te�messee River Basin (CU
06010203). Specifically, NCDOT is requesting to replace Bridge No. 182 with a 32.75' L x 2T
W s 18" D cored slab bridge on esisting location. Listed below is a sunvnaiy of the proposed
impacts.
Net
Site No. E�isting Condition Proposed Condition Impacts
(feet)
1 Timber Bridge 32.75' L s 27' W� 18" D �
Cored Slab Bridge
1 A Free Flowing Stream I�ripe�vious Dike and Flow ,75
Diversion
2 Free Flowing Stream Rip Rap Bank Stabilization 40
m_._� n'_"__ _
�.... . �............a vu �,�uu ni�u i uuul'nCy 1LLl�/Al'IS 10l' t517(IgQ (�°
Tot�l Tempor:��y Stream Imp�cts for Lnpervious Dilce and Flow Divcrsion 75'
Total Permauent Impact for Rip R�p Banlc Stabilization 40'
Permits Requested
NCDOT is liereby requesting authorization under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to proceed
with the construction project outlined above. By copy of tliis letter to the North Carolina
Depeirtment of Enviro�unental Quality (DEQ), Division of Water Resources (D WR), I am
i•equesting authorization u�ider Section 401 of tlie Cleau Water Act Also by copy of this letter, I
am askiug Ms. Marla Ch�mbers, Western NCDOT Revie�v Coordinator, of Uie Nortl� Carolina
Wildlife Resources Conmiission (NCWRC) to conuuent directly to you conceruiug the 404
Natiomvide Perinit request.

Li addition, I am asking Ms. Chambers and Mr. Ben DeWit, Roadside Enviromnental Field
Operations Engineer (NCDOT), to conw�ent directly to me concerning this penuit request.
If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Mr. Josh Deyton at
[phone] or me at (828) 586-214L Your early revie�v and ca�sideration �vill be greatly
appreciated.
Sincerely,
/ /✓�/� _ /%'/��'/
Mark S. Davis
Division 14 Enviro�unental Supeivisor
Enclosures
cc: Ms. Amy Cl�apm�n, Division of Water Resources — DEQ, Raleigh
Ms. Kristi Carpenter, Division of Water Resources — DEQ, Raleigh
Mr. Kevin Barnett, Division of Water Resources — DEQ, Asheville
Mi•. Jason Mays, Biologist, US Fisli &Wildlife Seivice, Aslieville
Ms. Marla Chambers, Western NCDOT Revie�v Coordinator, NCWRC, Albemarle
Mr. Josh Deyton, PE, Division 14 Bridge Program Manager, NCDOT, Bryson City
Mr. Ben DeWit, EI, Roadside Enviromneutal Field Operations Engineer, NCDOT

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Office Use Only:
Corps action ID no.
DWQ projecl no.
Form Version 1.3 Dec 10 2008
Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) Form
A. Applicant Information
1. Processing
1 a. Type(s) of approval sought from lhe
Corps: � Section 404 Permit ❑ Section 10 Permit
1 b. Specify Nationwide Permit (NWP) number: 3 or General Permit (GP) number:
1c. Has lhe NWP or GP number been verified by lhe Corps? � Yes ❑No
1d. Type(s) of approval sought from the DWQ (check all that apply):
� 401 Water Quality Certificalion — Regular ❑ Non-404 Jurisdictional General Permit
❑ 401 Water Quality Certificalion — Express ❑ Riparian Buffer Authorization
1e. Is this nolification solely for lhe record For the record only for DWQ 401 For lhe record only for Corps Permit:
because wrilten approval is not required? Certification:
❑ Yes � No ❑ Yes � No
1f. Is payment into a mitigation bank or in-lieu fee prograin proposed for mitigation � Yes � No
of impacts? If so, attach lhe acceptance letter from miligation bank or in-lieu
fee program. �NC Division of Mitigation Services)
1 g. Is the project located in any of NC's twenty coastal counties. If yes, answer 1 h ❑ Yes � No
below.
1 h. Is the project located within a NC DCM Area of Environmental Concern (AEC)? ❑ Yes � No
2. Project Information
2a. Name of project: Replace Bridge No. 182 on SR 1747 (Johns Creek Road) over Johns Creek
2b. Couniy: Jackson
2c. Nearest municipality / town: Cullowhee
2d. Subdivision name: N/A
2e. NCDOT only, T.I.P. or State 17BP.14.R.129 (DB146-490182) Design Build Contract
Project No:
3. Owner Information
3a. Name(s) on Recorded Deed: North Carolina Department of Transportation
3b. Deed Book and Page No. N/A
3c. Responsible Party (for LLC if Mark S. Davis, Division 14 Environmental Supervisor
applicable):
3d. Street address: 253 Webster Rd.
3e. City, state, zip: Sylva, NC 28779
3f. Telephone no.: 828-586-2141
3g. Fax no.: 828-586-4043
3h. Email address: markdavis(cilncdot.qov
Page 1 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Applicant Information (if different from owner)
4a. Applicant is: ❑ Agent ❑ Other, specify:
4b. Name: N/A
4c. Business name N/A
(if applicable):
4d. Sireet address: N/A
4e. Cily, state, zip: N/A
4f. Telephone no.: N/A
4g. Fax no.: N/A
4h. Email address: N/A
5. Ayent/Considtant Information (if applicable)
5a. Name: N/A
5b. Business name N/A
(if applicable):
5c. Slreet address: N/A
5d. City, state, zip: N/A
5e. Telephone no.: N/A
5f. Fax no.: N/A
5g. Email address: N/A
Page 2 of 10

B. Project Information and Prior Project History
1. Property Identification
1a. Property identification no. (tax PIN or parcel ID):
1b. Site coordinates (in decimal degrees):
1c. Propertysize:
2. Surface Waters
2a. Name of nearest body of water (stream, river, etc.) to
proposed project:
2b. Water Qualiry Classification of nearest receiving water:
2c. River basin:
N/A
Latitude: 35.286974
N/A acres
Johns Creek
Langilude: -83.063806
WS-III
Liltle Tennessee River Basin (HUC 06010203)
3. Project Description
3a. Describe the existing conditions on the site and lhe general land use in the vicinity of the project at the lime of this
application:
The site includes a timber bridge on a paved secondary road. Landscape near the bridge consists of extensive forested
areas, small felds, and single family residences.
3b. List the total estimated acreage of all existing wetlands on the property:
N/A
3c. List the total estimated linear feet of all exisling streams (intermittent and perennial) on the property:
250
3d. Explain the purpose of the proposed project:
To replace the existing substandard timber bridge with a 32.75' L x 27' W x 18" D cored slab bridge on existing location
3e. Describe the overall project in detail, including the type of equipment to be used:
Erosion and sedimentalion measures will be installed. The bridge will be staged constructed to the upstream side of the
existing bridge in order to maintain traffic on this dead end road during construction. Track hoes, dump lrucks,
bulidozers, paving equipment, water pumps, sandbags, diversion pipe and various hand tools will be used to accomplish
the work.
4. Jurisdictional Determinations
4a. Have jurisdiclional wetland or stream determinations by the
Corps or State been requested or obtained for this properiy /
project (including all prior phases) in the past? ❑ Yes
Comments: N/A
� No ❑ Unknown
4b. If lhe Corps made the jurisdictional determination, what lype
of determination was made? ❑ Preliminary ❑ Final
4c. If yes, who delineated the jurisdictional areas? Agency/Consultant Company: N/A
Name (if known): N/A Other: N/A
4d. If yes, list the dates of the Corps jurisdictional determinations or State determinations and altach documentation.
N/A
5. Project History
5a. Have permits or certifications been requested or obtained for � Yes
this project (including all prior phases) in the past?
5b. If yes, explain in detail according to "help file" inslructions.
6. Future Proiect Plans
6a. Is this a phased project?
6b. If yes, explain.
❑ Yes
� .
►� .
❑ Unknown
Page 3 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

C. Proposed Impacts Inventory
1. Impacts Summary
1a. Which sections were compleled below for your project (check all that apply):
❑ Wetlands � Streams - fributaries ❑ Buffers
❑ Open Waters ❑ Pond Conslruction
2. Wetland Impacts
If there are weUand impacts proposed on lhe sile, lhen complele lhis question for each wetland area impacted.
2a. 2b. 2c. 2d. 2e. 2f.
Wetland impact Type of jurisdiction
number — Type of impact Type of wetland Forested (Corps - 404, 10 Area of impact
Permanent (P) or (if known) DWQ — non-404, olher) (acres)
Tem orar T
W1 ❑ P❑ T N/A N/A � Yes ❑ Corps N/A
❑ No ❑ DWQ
WZ � P� T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps
❑ No ❑ DWQ
W3 ❑ P❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps
❑ No ❑ DWQ
W4 ❑ P❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps
❑ No ❑ DWQ
W5 ❑ P❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps
❑ No ❑ DWQ
W6 ❑ P❑ T ❑ Yes ❑ Corps
❑ No ❑ DWQ
2g. Total wetland impacts N/A
2h. Comments: N/A
3. Stream Impacts
If there are perennial or intermittent stream impacts (including temporary impacts) proposed on the site, ihen complete this
question for all stream sites impacted.
3 a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3 e. 3 f. 3 g.
Slream impact Type of impact Stream name Perennial Type of jurisdiction Average Impact
number - (PER) or (Corps - 404, 10 sUeam length
Permanent (P) or inlermiltent DWQ — non-404, width (linear
Temporary (T) (INT)? other) (feet) feet)
S1 � P❑ T Bridge Replacement Johns Creek � PER � Corps 12 0
❑ INT � DWQ
S1A ❑ P� T Flow Diversion Johns Creek � PER � Corps 12 75
❑ INT � DWQ
S2 � P❑ T Bank Stabilization Johns Creek � PER � Corps 12 40
❑ INT � DWQ
S3 ❑ P❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps
❑ INT ❑ DWQ
S4 ❑ P❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps
❑ INT ❑ DWQ
S5 ❑ P❑ T ❑ PER ❑ Corps
❑ INT ❑ DWQ
3h. Totnl Pcrmanent Sh•eam anil Tributnry lmpncts for I3ridgc 0'
Total Permaneut Stre�m and Tributnry Imp;icfs Pm• Rip Rap f3nnlc Sf�bilizafim� d0'
Total Tempm•ary Stream Impacfs Pm� huper��ious Dikes and �lo�v Di��ersions 75'
3i. Comments:
Page 4 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

4. Open Water Impacts
If lhere are proposed impacts to lakes, ponds, esluaries, tributaries, sounds, the Atlanfic Ocean, or any other open water of
fhe U.S. lhen individuall list all o en water im acts below.
4a. 4b. 4c. 4d. 4e.
Open water Naine of walerbody
impact number - (if applicable) Type of impact Waterbody lype Area of impact (acres)
Permanent (P) or
Tem orar T
01 ❑ P❑ T N/A N/A N/A N/A
02 ❑P❑T
03 ❑P❑T
04 ❑P�T
4f. To[al open water impacts N/A
4g. Comments: N/A
5. Pond or Lake Construction
If ond or lake conslruction ro osed, then com lete lhe chart below.
5a. 5b. 5c. 5d. 5e.
Wetland Impacts (acres) Stream Impacts (feet) Upland
Pond ID Proposed use or purpose of (acres)
number pond Floode
d Filled Excavated Flooded Filled Excavaled Flooded
P1 N/A N/A N/A NIA N/A N/A N/A N/A
P2
5f. Total N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
5g. Comments: N!A
5h. Is a dam high hazard permit required?
❑ Yes � No If yes, permit ID no: N/A
5i. Expected pond surface area (acres): N/A
5j. Size of pond watershed (acres): N/A
5k. Method of construction: N/A
6. Buffer Impacts (for DWQ)
If project will impact a prolected riparian buffer, lhen complete the chart below. If yes, then individually list all buffer impacts
below. If an im acts re uire mifi ation, lhen ou MUST fill out Section D of this form.
6a.
❑ Neuse ❑ Tar-Pamlico ❑ Other:
Project is in which prolected basin? N/A ❑ Catawba ❑ Randleman
6b. 6c. 6d. 6e. 6f. 6g.
Buffer impact
number - Reason Buffer Zone 1 impact Zone 2 impact
Permanenl (P) or for Stream name miligation (square feet) (square feel)
Tem orar T im act re uired?
B1 ❑ P❑ T N/A N/A ❑ Nos N/A N/A
62 ❑P❑T ❑Yes
❑ No
B3 ❑P❑T ❑Yes
❑ No
6h. Total buffer impacts N/A N/A
6i. Comments: N/A
Page 5 of 10

D. Impact Justification and Mitigation
1. Avoidance and Minimization
1a. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts in designing project.
The bridge was designed to meet lhe hydraulic needs and roadway constraints of the sile. This bridge will not impede or
impair aqualic life passage.
1 b. Specifically describe measures taken to avoid or minimize the proposed impacts through constniction techniques.
All instream work will be performed in a dry work area using an impervious dike and diversion to divert the water around
lhe project site during bridge removal. Appropriate BMPs according to lhe approved erosion and sedimentation control
plan will be inslalled on the project prior to the bridge work.
2. Compensatory Mitigation for Impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of the State
2a. Does fhe project require Compensatory Mitigalion for ❑Yes � No
impacts to Waters of the U.S. or Waters of lhe State?
2b. If yes, mitigalion is required by (check all that apply): ❑ DWQ ❑Corps
❑ Mitigation bank
2c. If yes, which mitigation option will be used for fhis � payment lo in-lieu fee program (NCDMS)
project?
❑ Permiltee Responsible Mifigation
3. Complete if Using a Mitigation Bank
3a. Name of Mitigation Bank: N/A
3b. Credits Purchased (attach receipt and letter) Type N/A Quantity N/A
3c. Comments:
4. Complete if Makinc� a Payment to In-lieu Fee Program
4a. Approval lelter from in-lieu fee program is attached. ❑ Yes
4b. Slream mitigation requested: linear feet
4c. If using stream mitigation, stream temperature: ❑ warm ❑ cool ❑ cold
4d. Buffer mitigation requested (DWQ only): N/A square feel
4e. Riparian welland mitigation requested: N/A acres
4f. Non-riparian wetland miligation requested: N/A acres
4g. Coastal (tidal) wetland mitigalion requested: N/A acres
4h. Comments: N/A
5. Complete if Using a Permi[tee Responsible Mitigation Plan
5a. If using a permittee responsible miligalion plan, provide a description of the proposed mitigation plan.
N/A
Page 6 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

6. Buffer Mitigation (State Regulated Riparian Buffer Rules) — required by DWQ
6a. Will the project result in an impact wilhin a protected riparian buffer that requires ❑ Yes � No
buffer mitigalion?
6b. If yes, then idenlify the square feet of impact lo each zone of the riparian buffer that requires mitigation. Calculate the
amount of miligation required.
6c. 6d. 6e.
Zone Reason for impact Total impact Multiplier Required mitigation
(square feet) (square feel)
Zone 1 N/A N/A 3(2 for Catawba) N/A
Zone 2 1.5
6f. Total buffer miti�ation reyuired: N/A
6g. If buffer mitigation is required, discuss what type of mitigation is proposed (e.g., payment lo private mitigation bank,
permiltee responsible riparian buffer resloration, payment inlo an approved in-lieu fee fund).
N/A
6h. Comments: N/A
Page 7 of 10

E. Stormwater Management and Diffuse Flow Plan (required by DWQ)
1. �iffuse Flow Plan
1 a. Does the project include or is it adjacent to protected riparian buffers identified � Yes � No
within one of the NC Riparian Buffer Protection Rules?
1 b. If yes, fhen is a diffuse flow plan included? If no, explain why.
❑ Yes ❑ No
Comments: N/A
2. Stormwater Mana ement Plan
2a. What is the overall percent imperviousness of this project? N/A
2b. Does this project require a Stormwater Management Plan? � Yes ❑ No
2c. If ihis project DOES NOT require a Stormwater Management Plan, explain why:
2d. If this project DOES require a Stormwaler Management Plan, lhen provide a brief, narrative descripiion of the plan:
Project is covered by NCDOT Individual NPDES Permit No. NCS000250.
❑ Certified Local Government
2e. Who will be responsible for lhe review of the Stormwater Management Plan? ❑ DWQ Stormwater Program
� DWQ 401 Unit
3. Certified Local Government Stormwater Review
3a. In which local government's jurisdiction is this project? N/A
❑ Phase II
3b. Which of the following locally-implemented stormwater management programs ❑ NSW
apply (check all that apply): ❑ USMP
❑ Waler Supply Watershed
❑ Other.
3c. Has lhe approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been ❑ Yes ❑ No
a�lached?
4. DWQ Stormwater Pro ram Review
❑ Coastal counties
❑ HQW
4a. Which of lhe following state-implemented stormwater management programs apply � ORW
(check all thal apply): ❑ Session Law 2006-246
❑ Other.
4b. Has the approved Stormwater Management Plan with proof of approval been
altached? ❑ Yes ❑ No
5. DWQ 401 Unit Stormwater Review
5a. Does the Stormwater Management Plan meet the appropriate requirements? ❑ Yes ❑ No
5b. Have all of the 401 Unit submitlal requirements been met? ❑ Yes ❑ No
Page 8 of 10
PCN Form — Version 1.3 December 10, 2008 Version

F. Supplementary Information
1. Environmental Documentation (DWQ Requirement)
1 a. Does the project involve an expenditure of public (federal/state/local) funds or lhe � Yes ❑ No
use of public (federal/state) land?
1 b. If you answered "yes" to the above, does the project require preparation of an
environmental document pursuant to lhe requirements of the National or State ❑ Yes � No
(North Carolina) Environmental Policy Act (NEPA/SEPA)?
1c. If you answered "yes" to ihe above, has lhe document review been finalized by lhe
State Clearing House? (If so, attach a copy of the NEPA or SEPA final approval
letter.) ❑ Yes ❑ No
Commenls:
2. Violations (DWQ Requirement)
2a. Is lhe site in violation of DWQ Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .0500), Isolated
Wetland Rules (15A NCAC 2H .1300), DWQ Surface Water or Wetland Standards, ❑ Yes � No
or Riparian Buffer Rules (15A NCAC 2B .0200)?
2b. Is this an after-lhe-fact permit application? ❑ Yes � No
2c. If you answered "yes" lo one or both of lhe above questions, provide an explanation of the violalion(s): N/A
3. Cumulative Impacts (DWQ Requirement)
3a. Will this project (based on past and reasonably anticipated fulure impacts) result in � Yes � No
additional development, which could impacl nearby downstream water quality?
3b. If you answered "yes" to lhe above, submit a qualitative or quantitative cumulative impact analysis in accordance with the
most recent DWQ policy. If you answered "no," provide a short narrative description.
This is a rural secondary road. The bridge is being upgraded to standard load limils and width to improve safety for lhe
traveling public. The bridge upgrade is not anticipated to have any significant impact on future development.
4. Sewage Disposal (DWQ Requirement)
4a. Clearly detail the ultimate trealment methods and disposition (non-discharge or discharge) of wastewater generated from
the proposed project, or available capacily of the subject facility.
N/A
5. Endangered Species and Designated Critical Habitat (Corps Requirement)
5a. Will this project occur in or near an area with federally protected species or � Yes ❑ No
habitat?
5b. Have you checked wilh the USFWS concerning Endangered Species Act � yes ❑ No
impacts?
❑ Raleigh
5c. If yes, indicate lhe USFWS Field Office you have conlacted.
� Asheville
5d. What data sources did you use to determine whelher your site would impact Endangered Species or Designated Critical
Habitat?
North Carolina Natural Heritage Database and site specific surveys conducted during the bridge scoping process.
Page 9 of 10

6. Essential Fish Habitat (Corps Requirement)
6a. Will this project occur in or near an area designated as essenlial tish habitat? ❑ Yes � No
6b. What data sources did you use to determine whelher your site would impact Essential Fish Habitat?
N/A—There are no marine or estuarine communities within the Blue Ridge Physiographic Province.
7. Historic or Prehistoric Cultural Resources (Corps Requirement)
7a. Will this project occur in or near an area that lhe state, federal or tribal
governments have designated as having historic or cultural preservation � Yes � No
status (e.g., Nalional Historic Trust designation or properties significant in
North Carolina history and archaeology)?
7b. What data sources did you use to determine whether your site would impact historic or archeological resources?
The bridge project was reviewed by NCDOT's Human Environment Unit in 2013-14 and there will be "no effect" on
historic architecture or archaeological resources. These findings have been approved by ihe Stale Historical
Preservation Office (SHPO) through MOA wilh NCDOT (see attached forms).
8. Flood Zone Desic�nation (Corps Requirement)
Sa. Will this project occur in a FEMA-designated 100-year floodplain? ❑ Yes � No
8b. If yes, explain how project meets FEMA requirements:
Sc. What source(s) did you use to make the floodplain determination? NC Floodplain Mapping Program and NCDOT
Hydraulics Unit.
Mark S. D�vis
Division 14 Enviromnental Supervisor � ` �_� ��>i
,� ✓ , �-�.,�✓ /
� ApplicanUAgenPs Signature Date
AppliC8flUAgent's Pfinted NamO (AgenCs signaWre is valid only iF an authorizalion le�ter from the
applicant is provided.)
Page 10 of 10

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Name: TUCKASEGEE ��g3 - G'/ -��_o2y Location: 035.2875895° N 083.0661476° W NAD 27
Dale: 10/1/2015 Caption: Bridge No. 182 on SR 1747 over Johns Creek
Scale: 1 inch equals 2000 feet Jackson Counly

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Jackson County, NC
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Jackson County Bridge q182 on SR 1747 over Johns Creek
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Projec[ Na:
WBS No.:
Ferl. Airl No:
Prajrz( Tn�ck�ug No. �ln(ernnl Ure)
i3-os-ooaa
HISTOffiC ARCHITECTURE AND LANDSCAP�S
NO HISTORIC PROPERTIES PRES�NT OR ArF�CTEll TOIiNI
This form only pertains to Historic Architectw•e and Landscapes for this project. It
is not valid For Archaeological Resources. You must consult separately with the
Archaeology Group.
Str. 490182
17B.14.R.106
17BP.14.R.106
Tedernl �� Yes U No
INFORMATION
County:
Docuntent
Funding:
Permit
Jackson
PCE or MCC
State � � Pederal
NWP 14, and TVA
Proiecl Descriutio�r.
Replace Bridge No. 182 over Rich Mount�in Braucli af Joiw's Creek ou SR 1747 (Johns Creek
Rd.)
SUMMARY OT HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE ANll LANDSCAPPS REVI�W
� There are no National Register-listed or Study Listed properties within the project's area of
potentiaf effects.
� There are no properties less than fifty years old which are considered to meet Criteria
Consideration G within the project's area of potential effects.
❑ There are no properties within the project's area of potential effects.
� There are properties over fiftyyears old wichin the area of potential effects, but they do not
meet the criteria for listing on Hie National Register.
� There are no histm�ic properties present or af�'ected by this project (Attach any notes or
documents as needed.)
• Date of field visit: Novetnber 12, 2013
Review of HPO quad maps, HPO GIS information, liistoric designations roster, and indcxes was
undertaken on Seplember 4, 2013. Based on �his review, there are uo cxisting NR, SL, LD, DL', or SS
propertics in the Aren of Poteutial GFfects, which is 75' from die centerline each way and 300' from each
end of the bridge. There is a house over fifty yenrs of age east of the bridge and within thc APG �nd a
survey was required.
All structures within ihe APE were assessed, nnd there are no properties eligible for National Register
listing �vithin the APE as the early hventicth century one-story frame house and one-story frame house
constructed in 1963 are unremarkable. Bridge No. I 82 is not eligible for National Register listing. There
are no National Register listed or eligible properties. If dcsign plans change, additional revie�v �vill be
required.
Hivlaric .4r'.Gilrrlurr nnd Lmidvraprs RO }f1.1TUHl(' P/(OY/i/t%//iS PRHSt'NTOIi AI'PGC7'LD fn�n�/ r Alino�'irmi�ponrniun l'ivl��l� nr Ounh�ad iu ihe d0U]
Piogramnenly d8�remenl.
Page 1 of 3

�Map(s)
Histoi ic
SUPPORT DOCUM�NTATION
❑Previous Suivey Info. ❑Photos ❑Correspondence ❑Design Plans
rINDING BY NCDOT ARCHIT�CTURAL HISTORIAN
�nd L�n<ISCapCS — NO HI�STORIC PROPER'17ES PItE5EN7' OR ARRECTED
NCDOT ArchitecturTl Historian
Date
1
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/liiroric An�6l�eclurc mid /aiA�anp:s A'O ///Sfi7/i/C /'ROP8R7//i8 NR/i ti/iNl'Olt AFGECT/iDla�m/orAlluor Tran ��wdnliun Pu jro�3 nc {,1nnIl���d ln �hr 1007
PioS�rvnnmlic dRrrrmrnl.
Page 2 of 3

Yroject Location.
Hb�mlt An liiirrnue unJl.nudsenpes h'O fl/.STORIC PNOPIiRTl6S PRIiJliA40R A/77iC7'GD foim for �Vinur 7Ynmponmlon Proje�rs na (hml fzJ in �Ae 10!/7
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ATTACHMENTA
PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION FORM
BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
A. REPORT COMPLETION DATE FOR PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL
DETERMINATION (JD):9-�a-zois
B. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERSON REQUESTING PRELIMINARY JD:
NC Department of Transportation, Mark S. Davis, Division 14 Environmenlal Supervisor
253 Webster Road, Sylva, NC 28779
C. DISTRICT OFFICE, FILE NAME, AND NUMBER:
D. PROJECT LOCATION(S) AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Replace Bridge No. 182 on SR 1747 (Johns Creek Road) in Jackson Counry
(USE THE ATTACHED TABLE TO DOCUMENT MULTIPLE WATERBODIES AT DIFFERENT
SITES)
State: NC County/parish/borough: �a�kso� City: sy��a
Center coordinates of site (IaUlong in degree decimal format):
Lat. ss.zsss�a °N; Long. aa.os3aos �W
Universal Transverse Mercator: 3izszos,ssosez�.z zo�e n
Name of nearest waterbody: �on�s c�eek
Identify (estimate) amount of waters in the review area:
Non-wetland waters:
zoo linear feet: � width (ft) and/or acres.
Cowardin Class: Rauai
Stream Flow:
Wetlands: �a acres.
Cowardin Class: ��a
Name of any water bodies on the site that have been identified as Section 10
waters:
Tidal: n�a
Non-Tldal: �ia

E. REVIEW PERFORMED FOR SITE EVALUATION (CHECK ALL THAT
APPLY):
� Office (Desk) Determination. Date: 9-�4-zo�5
� Field Determination. Date(s):
SUPPORTING DATA. Data reviewed for preliminary JD
(check all that apply - checked items should be included in case file and,
where checked and requested, appropriately reference sources below):
� Maps, plans, plots or plat submitted by or on behalf of the
applicanUconsultant: NcooT
❑ Data sheets prepared/submitted by or on behalf of the
applicanUconsultant.
� Office concurs with data sheets/delineation report.
� Office does not concur with data sheets/delineation report.
❑ Data sheets prepared by the Corps:
❑ Corps navigable waters' study:
❑ U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas:
� USGS NHD data
� USGS 8 and 12 digit HUC maps
�✓ U.S. Geological Survey map(s). Cite scale & quad name: � z4k r��kasee9ee
❑ USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey.
Citation:
❑ National wetlands inventory map(s). Cite name:
❑ State/Local wetland inventory map(s):
❑ FEMA/FIRM maps:
� 100-year Floodplain Elevation is:
(National Geodectic Vertical Datum of 1929)
❑ Photographs: ❑ Aerial (Name & Date): or
� Other (Name & Date):
� Previous determination(s). File no. and date of response letter:
� Other information (please specify):
2

1. The Corps of Engineers believes that there may be jurisdictional waters of the
United States on the subject site, and the permit applicant or other affected party
who requested this preliminary JD is hereby advised of his or her option to
request and obtain an approved jurisdictional determination (JD) for that site.
Nevertheless, the permit applicant or other person who requested this
preliminary JD has declined to exercise the option to obtain an approved JD in
this instance and at this time.
2. In any circumstance where a permit applicant obtains an individual permit, or
a Nationwide General Permit (NWP) or other general permit verification requiring
"pre-construction notification" (PCN), or requests verification for a non-reporting
NWP or other general permit, and the permit applicant has not requested an
approved JD for the activity, the permit applicant is hereby made aware of the
following: (1) the permit app�icant has elected to seek a permit authorization
based on a preliminary JD, which does not make an official determination of
jurisdictional waters; (2) that the applicant has the option to request an approved
JD before accepting the terms and conditions of the permit authorization, and
that basing a permit authorization on an approved JD could possibly result in less
compensatory mitigation being required or different special conditions; (3) that
the applicant has the right to request an individual permit rather than accepting
the terms and conditions of the NWP or other general permit authorization; (4)
that the applicant can accept a permit authorization and thereby agree to comply
with alI the terms and conditions of that permit, including whatever mitigation
requirements the Corps has determined to be necessary; (5) that undertaking
any activity in reliance upon the subject permit authorization without requesting
an approved JD constitutes the applicant's acceptance of the use of the
preliminary JD, but that either form of JD will be processed as soon as is
practicable; (6) accepting a permit authorization (e.g., signing a proffered
individual permit) or undertaking any activity in reliance on any form of Corps
permit authorization based on a preliminary JD constitutes agreement that all
wetlands and other water bodies on the site affected in any way by that activity
are jurisdictional waters of the United States, and precludes any challenge to
such jurisdiction in any administrative or judicial compliance or enforcement
action, or in any administrative appeal or in any Federal court; and (7) whether
the applicant elects to use either an approved JD or a preliminary JD, that JD
will be processed as soon as is practicable. Further, an approved JD, a proffered
individual permit (and all terms and conditions contained therein), or individual
permit denial can be administratively appealed pursuant to 33 C.F.R. Part 331,
and that in any administrative appeal, jurisdictional issues can be raised (see 33
C.F.R. 331.5(a)(2)). If, during that administrative appeal, it becomes necessary
to make an official determination whether CWA jurisdiction exists over a site, or
to provide an official delineation of jurisdictional waters on the site, the Corps will
provide an approved JD to accomplish that result, as soon as is practicable.

This preliminary JD finds that there "may be" waters of the United States on the
subject project site, and identifies all aquatic features on the site that could be
affected by the proposed activity, based on the following information:
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information recorded on this form has not
necessarilv been verified bv the Corps and should not be relied upon for
later iurisdictional determinations.
Signature and date of
Regulatory Project Manager
(REQUIRED)
�'• <
��i i.,�, ,J /%/.S
Signature and date of
person requesting preliminary JD
(REQUIRED, unless obtaining
the signature is impracticable)

Site Number � Latitude
35.286974 � -83.063806
Cowardin Class
R3UB1
Estimated
amount of
aquatic
resourcein
review area
2001inearfeet
Class of
aquatic
resource
Non Section 10
— non-wetland

R�ojeel Trnrking A'o.:
13-08-0044
NO NATIONAL REGISTER OP HISTORIC PLACES
! ELiGIBL� OR LISTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIT�S ,�'��r��
� PR�SENT OR AFFECT�D TORNI ' � '�'l
a ` ' ;
"_� This forin only per(ains to ARCFIAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES for this projecL It is not �'c��� ��
`' I` .- valid for Historic Arcl�i�ecture and Lnndscapes. You must consult separately �vith the �AJ,� (S`��
Historic Architechire and Landscapes Group.
PROJECT 1NTORiYIATION
Projecl No:
IV6S No:
F.A. Nn:
Str# 490182
17BP.14.R.106
n/a
Federal Permit 2eqtiired'?
Coui�1��: Jnckson
Docume�N: Mininmm Criteria
Frmr(ing: � State ❑ Fcdcral
� Yes ❑ No Pcamil Type: N�VP 3, N�VP 14. & TVA
Projec! Descriplion:
Thrs projecl is rnr inte�rsri�e nrcltneologrcn! sm ��ep mrc! ernlaatron for llie replacemenl of Bridge No. /82
on SR 17d7 (Joh�rs G eek Ror�dJ over Jolins Creek (Sh�iiclure No. 490/82; [1'BS No. /7BP.19.R.106; PA
No. l3-08-004d) in Jackson Cotmtp. As r(efrned bp !!re NCUOT, dre stn rey ca � rdor• (Ar•en ofPolenlicr!
EJJ'ecls [APEJ) for m�ch�eolo„�yy is n 600 Jool (182.8�Y nt) long coi���idor rtmi�ing 300 feel (91.4d �rt)
northensl nnd 300feel (91.44 m) soutlnrest nlong Joltns Creek Road (SR 17d7) fi•om the ce�tte� of6ridge
No. 182. The corrrdor is ��ppro.�'i�nntel�� I50 fee! (45J2 in) ivide, ertending 75 feel (Z2. S6 m) on eadt side
ofSR 1747 fi•oni i!s present ceit(er.
SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDINGS
The NorYli Cm•o(iun Depru7inent of Trn��sportrdiou (NCDOT) Archneoing�� Grorrp revieived
tlre srrbject project nurl deteruiined
�
�
�
�
/�
��
There are no Natioual Register listcd ARCIlAEOLOGICAL SITES witl�iu the projccYs
area of potential effects.
No subsurface archaeological iuvestigations �re requu-ed for this project.
Subswface investigatious did uot revenl the preseuce ofany arcl�aeologic�l resources.
Subsurfacc investigations did not rcveal tlie prescncc of auy archaeological resources
considcred eligible for the Natioual Register.
All identified archlcological siles locatcd witl�ui the APE have been considered and all
compliance for arcl�aeological resources with Section 106 of tlie National Historic
Prese�vation Acl and GS 121-12(a) l�as been completed for this project.
There Tre no National Register Eligiblc or Listed ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES present
or affected by this project. (At�nch nnp notes or docuinents ns ireeded)
".VO,\'AT/O.\':I L RFG/STER EL/G/BLE OR LISTFO ARC{LaEOLOG/CdL .SITFS PRESE:VT OR dFFFCTFD
lmm/nr A/Oim'7}nnspormtion Pr jca. as Ovellf�=d in dee 200] l4ugronimurid,lgre mieut.
1 o(2i

Pinjerl Trarking iA'o.:
13-08-0044
R�COMMGNDATION
An arcl�acological smvey and evalaation �vas carried out for replaceinent of Bridge No. 182 on SR 1747
(Johiis Creek Ro�d) ovcr Johns Creek in ,Iackson County (Pigures 1 and 2). "I'his project is partially
sitnated aloug Forest Servicc property at the eastern end of the APE aud private propeiry primarily to the
wesL The Porest Service properry was investigated by NC DOT archaeologists o�� November I5, 2013.
Arcl�aeological investigations outside of the Forest Service properry were conducted on November 21 and
Decembcr 17-19, 2013, by Tasha Bei�yshek, Michael Nelson, aud Belinda Cox of TRC Euviroumcutal
Coiporation ('PRC).
The investigations on Forest Scrvice property consis�ed of a pedestrian survey by C. Damou Jones (NC
DOT). Soils aloi�g this section of the APE belongs the Cullasaja-Tuckasegee complex (CuD). Althougl�
tliis scrics is well drain, slope is I S to 30 percei�t. The field survcy contirmed ihe stecp slope, which
excecds I S percent (Figure 3). Slope of I S percent or more is considcrcd uulikcly to yicld signiRcant
airohacological sitcs. The presence Jolms Creek drainage iu tl�e soutlieastcru quadr�ut ucg�ting tlic necd
for shovcl tcsts in that area (P igure 4). lu addition, no evidence oF rock sheltcrs or peteoglypl�s was
obseived. As a result, no subsurface testing was carried out on the Iorest Service ptaperty withi�� the
APE and no furlher �vork is recommended for tivs area. Rodney Snedeker (Forest Scrvicc �rchacologist)
�ilso ideutiticd ihe area as Io�v probability i�� an email dated February 3, 2014.
Durii�g the investigatious oulside of Forest Sen�ice property, one previously unidentified �rcl�aeological
site (31JK573) was recorded within the APE. The archaeological resouree iucludes intict, stratificd
deposits dating from the Middlc—Latc A�loodland periods (other compo��ents may also be present) and is
reconnnended eli�;ible For thc NRHP. Cun�ent plans for the bridge replacement project do not iuclude the
site arca. No further archaeological �vork is uccdcd for the repl�ccment of Bridge No. 182 in Jackson
Cou��ty as long as archaeological site 31JK573 is avoidcd. However if design pinns change and 31JK573
caimot be �voided, additionnl work may be required to mitigate any impacts. I coucur with the TRC's
reconuucndation, but request design plans �v�eu completed ro revic�v that site 31 JK573 is avoided and to
be includcd in the PA project folder.
SUPPORT DOCUMENTATION
Sec attached: � Map(s) ❑ Previous Suivcy info � Photos
Other: Cultiu•al Review
Signed:
G-�,? ;� -
C. Damon Jones
NCDOT ARCHAEOLOGIST
❑Correspondeuce
2/4/l4
'NO,\'1TlO,VdL kEG7S7£k EL[GIOLG OR LISTED.I RCif.160LOG/GII..SITFS PRFSF,\'T OR dFFECTED
fomvfor.ilinor Truruponulian Prol«'IS us Qnollied in Jie?009 N-ogranm�ntic.lgre onene
2 of25

Projeel Trnrking iA'o.:
13-08-0044
B�•ief descriplran of reniem nctrri�ies, r•esulls of rerieiq !/1ill COHCl/ISlO17S:
TRC has couducted au intensive arcl�awlogical survey and evaluation for the replacemeut of Bridge No.
182 on SR 1747 (Johns Creek Road) in J�ckson Couuty, North Carolina (see Figures 1 and 2). As
defined by the NCDOT, the survey area (Area of Potcntial Effects [APE]) for archaeology is a 600-foot
(182.88 m) long corcidor running 300 feet (91.44 m) northeast and 300 feet (91.44 m) south�vest along
Johiu Creek Ro1d (SR 1747) &om the center of Bridge No. 182. The corridor is �pproximately I50 fect
(45.72 m) wide, extending 75 fcct (22.86 m) on eilher sidc oCSR 1747 fiom its present ecuter. Thc
archaeological sw�vey by'1'RC docs not iuclude t�e Forest Scrvice property at the eastern eud of the APE.
Investigation of this property �vas carried out by arcl�acologist with NC UO"I'. Tl�e results of NC DOT
findings nlong this property cau be found above iii their recommeudation.
Bacl<grow�d
A m�p revicw �nd site files search was conducted Uy Tasha Benyshek of TRC �t Ihe Of6ee of Stnte
Archaeology Westem Brauch (OSA) ou Novembcr, 21 2013, �vliich supplemented � previous NCD01'
revic�v carricd out by C. Dnmon Jones on August 20, 2013. These reviews idcu�ified no nrchacologicll
sites withiu or ndjacent to Ihe APE. T�vo sites are loca�ed �vithin n mile rndius of �he project arca
(31JK271 and 31JK272). 1'hcse wcre rccordcd by N�tional Forests i�� Nort� C�roliva (NFsNC)
persomiel. Site 31JK271 consists o£a non-diagnostic, prchistoric lithic sitq whilc 317K272 co��sists of a
rock pile that was auributect to historic period tield clearing lctivities.
Topographic maps, Uuited Statcs Departmcnt of Agriculturc (USDA) soil survey ivaps, aud l�istoric maps
were esnmined for information on n�tural or cultural ��ariables diat might have �ffecred si�e locations.
The earliest USGS topographic map available of the area is the 1897 Co�vee (1:125000) map that shows
thc location of John(s) Crcek and n road in the vicinity of present day Johns Creek Ro�d. Thc accuracy of
ihe mnp's depiction of the road nnd creek appears to decrease as the road moves away from Caney Fork.
However, the road is shown as terminating in the geueral project viciniry, and no structures are depicted
along tl��t portion of the ro�d (USGS 1897). The next edition of Ihe Co�vee topographie map (USGS
1907) shows both the rold nnd the creek similar to their current contigurntions, but no structures are
sliown in the vicinity of the project corridor. The 1935 Tuckasegee qi�adrangle map depicts John(s)
Creek and a sinulu� road, with two sti�uctures iu tlie projwt vici�uty. One is shown on tlie south side of
Johns Creek and north of tl�e road near the westeru quadraius of the APE, �vhile another is shown on the
north side of the creek and road near the northeasterii quadraut (USGS 1935). The westen�most of these
likely con�esponds �vith a standing shucture well outside the project area. The second may not be
depictcd accw�Ttely, as that area contains a steep slope. Tlie 1946 aud later versions of the USGS
Tuckasegee quadrangle maps show Co�vard Ceuietery and a structure north of the project Rrea as �vell as a
shuctwe soulhwest of Ihe corridor, �vhich also likely corresponds to the existing abandoned structure
outside of die project limits (USGS 1946; 1978; 1987; 1997).
An early rond map of Jackson County (Cox 1924) shows Johi�s Creek aud Johns Creek Road in their
current configurntions, but no structures are shown within the current project area as this map does not
depict resideutial structures. Thc Meigs Freemnn Line crosses ve�ry closc to the projwt corridor on this
map. Neithcr the 1930 (North Caroliva St1te High�vay Commission [NCSHC] 1930) or the 1936 (North
Carolina St�tc Highm�y aud PuUlic Works Commission [NCSHPWC] 1936) Jackson County ro�d maps
show nmch detail of the project area or Joluis Creck. 'I'l�c 1938 Jackson Cow�ty road map sho�vs a
❑umber of structures (6 farm and 2 nou-fnrm), �s a�ell as a manufacturing f�cility aloi�g Jolms Crcek Road
in the vicinity of thc currcul project Trca but not �vithin the APE (NCSHPWC 1938). Tlic 1967 North
Carolina State Highway Commission lligh�vay Culture Map of Jlckson County shows Jolms Creek Road
and Johns Creek, but the road does not cross tlie creek. '1'his map iuste�d sho�vs the road parallel to the
creek. The map also depicts �v�at is presumlbly Co�vard Cemetery �Long with tlu�ee residential or f:um
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structures iu the viciuity of the project corridor. Two are on the nortl� sidc of Johns Crcek Road, and one
is on the south (NCSHC 1967). Later state highway mainteuauce maps of Jacksoii Couuty (NCSHC
I968; 1972) sho�v tl�e same roacVereek configuration �sith tlie road parallel to t�e creek, but do not dcpict
any structures aloug the road.
Ou-lii�e soils data indicate that hvo soil types are present in the project corridor. The majority of the APE
is mapped as the Cullasaja-Tuck�segee (CuD) complex, I 5-30% slopes. Tlicsc soils arc dcscribed as
rocky ai�d well drained aud arc £ound along faos, coves, and drainages aloiig mountain slopcs. However,
the degree of slope �vithi�� a portion of Ihe nortl��vestern quadrant of the APE is Less than 15%. Tl�e otl�cr
soil type present within the AYE is on a small sloped section in the south�vest corner of the APE. Tl�is is
tlic Edneyville-Chestnut complex, 5�95°/o slopes (EdF). This soil complex is described as rocky and
well drained (NRCS 2013).
P'icldwm•Ic
The archaeological field survcy included a systematic ���alkover of the AYE outside of Forest Scrvicc
property to search for above-growid fcatures nnd the excavation of 18 shovel tests in areas lacking
stauding �vater, �vetl�ud soils, steep slope, or sigi�s of severe disturbance. 'Ihe sl�ovcl tcsts mcasured 30
cm in diameter and �vcrc czcavlted to at least 90 cm below surface (cmbs), uuless cobblcs werc
encountered at shallower depths (t�is was die case in three STs). All soils fiom shovel tests that were not
obvious fill were dry-screened duough'/�-inch mesh. Two test units, ai�d hvo auger tests were also
excavated; the hvo auger tests wcrc located outside of the APE to the uorth. Tlie upper plowzone in tlie
test unils �vas removed without screeiuug; once a soil change �vas observed, controlled excavation in
arbiu�aiy 10 cm levels began. One preliistoric and historic archaeological site, 311K573, �vas idei�tified in
the i�orthwesteru quadr�nt of the project area (Table 1).
The south�vestern quadrant of project corridor was not suitable for shovel testing due to stcep slopes
(Pigures 5). All of tlic shovcl tests (STs I-18) �veie located on � i�arrow, rclativcly Icvcl terrace witliin
the uortl��vestern quadrant of the project corridor, inunediately i�ortli of Johns Creck (Figures G and 7).
Site 31 ]K573 is located aloug this ten�ace withiu au overgrown field, whicl� was pceviously used as a
garden plot Eleveu sl�ovcl tcsts conlained cidtural materiaL Tlie site is Located in the northcast corucr oP
the terrace behveeu Johns Creek and Storm Nlountain Road. '1'he site was not dclincatcd outside of die
APE. This makes it possible the site e�tends past the project bowidTries to the north aud west, but the
estent of the tcrr�ce is limited to the north. Based on topogrlpliy, the site could extend over I00 m to the
southwcst.
Site 3llK573 �vas iuitislly identified by tl�e recovery of sia slierds, foui� picccs of debitagq and two pieces
of white�vare from Fow� of the five shovel tests eacavated at 10-m interv�ls across tl�e tcrrace. These
artifacts were found f'rom depths ranging from 37 to 100 cmbs from w1��1 appcarcd to bc suatified
deposits. An additioual 13 shovel tests �vere excavated at 5-m intervals; seven of thosc yielded an
additio��al 11 slierds, 14 lit�ics, and 17 historic artifacts. Density raugcd from ouc to I 1 artif�ets per test.
Overall, 11 of 18 sl�ovcl tcsts yielded 19 histoi�ic and 35 prel�istoric v�tifacts, some of which were
recovered fi�om rclativcly dcep deposits (Appei�dix 1). The site was furllicr invcstigatcd witli tlie
excavation of hvo 1 xl m test unils. TU I was pinced approaimately 2 m iiorthwest of S"I' 3 wl�ile 1'U 2
was locnted approximately 1 m uorth oC ST 2. The excavation of these test mvts yielded additional
artif�cts (n=29S) (Tables 2 aud 3), �nd the presence of intact buried A(Ab) l�orizons was confirmed.
S�r�tigraphy across tlie ten�ace is rclalivcly consistent within the STs, with most STs encounteriug a tl�ick
(28�13 cm) dark bro�vu to dark yellowish bro�vn loam Ap horizon. Tl�is is followecl by two to fliree Ab
horizons that consist of dark Uro�an to brown sandy loam with cobbles. Artifacts �vere recovered from the
A l�orizous to a mnximum depth of 121 embs. The hvo auger tesls were located upslope from the site
outsidc of thc project APE; these tests �vere conducted to detcrmine if Ab horizons esist in that area
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4 0125

Projeel Trneking �\'n.:
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underneath colluvium. The southern test tenninated on rock at 140 cmbs. A thin, disturbed A horizon is
eucountered at 25-30 cmbs, but other�vise the test is a fairly homogenous s�rong brown (7.SYR 5/8) loam
or saudy loam. The ua lhern nuger test was excavated to 270 cmbs. No A horizon is presenL There is
some variation iu tlic soils, but strong brown (75YR 5/8) sandy clsy or loam is prcdomiu�ro uulil 260
anbs, �vheu saud aud gravcls arc encouutcrcd. The nature oC these soils is unccrtaiu, but tl�ey appcared
alluvial. Some disturbance is apparcut, as A �orizons is disturbed or l�cking iu tl�is area. Tl�e i�ortheru
tesl may have been placed within an old road cut.
PU 1 coutains � thick (35-38 cm) d�rk brown snndy clay loam plowzone, ovcrlying ��� Ab horizon thnt
consists of very dark browu sandy loam with occasional charcoal to dcptl�s of 5�60 cmbs (Figurc 8).
Beneat� this, boulders aud luge cobblc prevcutcd nmch morc csc�vation, alt�oug� 6-12 cm of a secoud
Ab horizon cousisting of dark bro�vu loamy sand is preseut in some areas of the uuit. The second Ab
horizon extends deeper in the �vestern portion of the unit �vithin a linear area. While the linear area may
represent a cullural feature, it is more likely a natural occurrence (e.g. flood chute). Pockets of Ihe
uuderlyiug brown lonm B horizon nre noted beneath the boidders and cobbles but fluther exc�vntion w1s
not possible (Figures 9 �nd IO). TU 2 con[nins a more comples stratigaphy beginning with IS-18 em of
historic overburden atop au additioual 7-20 cm of dark bro�vn plowzouu to deptl�s raugii�g from 26-36
embs. Undenienth this, Inrge pockets of a dark brown sandy Ioam with a higher densiry of historic
�rtifacts �rc encowitered. Directly beneatli these historic artifact bearing soils, the first buried A horizon
(Ab 1) is present from approaimatcly 35-50 cmbs, which consists of very dark bro�vn loam. '1'his horizou
also contaius l�istoric �rtifacts, but if is not clear �vhether or not they were inirusive. The seeond Ab
horizon (Ab2) is � homogcuous, thin (Cr10 cm) black sandy loam with he<�vy conceuiratious of charwal.
The third bui�ied A hoi�izon (Ab3) is eucouutcred feom approximately 58-63 cmbs and co��sists of very
dark browu sandy loam to depths eaugiiig from 75-85 embs. Ycllo�visl� rcd saudy loam is encountered
beucath this level, primarily in �he northwestern corner, to depths of 97-99 cmbs. This soil m2y be either
a mottled Ab horizon or a layer of burned soil. At depths rai�ging from 77-99 cmbs, depending on the
prescncc or abscnce of tlie possible burned soil layer, is the fourth Ab horizon (A64), a 13-33 cm thick
very d�rk brown snndy loam to depths of 96-123 cmbs. Tlie fival Ievel consists of bro�w� lo�my snnd Ihat
is encountered in the southeast coruer at an approximate depth of 96 cmbs. Large cobbles and boulders
are found from ll�123 embs (Figw�es I I—I3).
The deposilional history of Ihe terrace is not �vell understood, but it appears thal plowed historic
colluvium is preseut in tl�e upper portion of the soil coluum. Tivs colluvium caps the prel�istoric Ab
ha�izons, which appear to be alluviat deposits. The thickness and uature of the Ab horizous varies across
the tested area, but they were found iu all shovel tests on tl�e terrace (ST 13 is located oi� the modern
iloodpinin). Siuce these sl�ovel tests did contain Ab horizons across the terrace but did not consistently
cont�in artiCacts to the west, il nppears �hat site 3 UK573 does not represent the remnanl of a site that has
been scourcd out elsewhere. It also appears to represent a spatially discrete occupation�l area. By the
Connestee phase, it seems fhat the rerrace �vas stable enough for relatively substantial activity, if not long
tcrm habil�lion. Dw�ing Archnic times, tlie terrace was probably not well developed and the area subject
to flooding and seow�ing. A well-developed B horizon was i�ot eiicountered in any nrea within the APE.
Laige coUbles and boulders �vere reached at relatively shallow depths (approximately 65�i8 cmbs) in
TO 1, but they were nol encowrtered in TU 2 until 110-123 cmbs; the terrace in die location of TU2 is at
a slighHy l�igher elevation (85 cm), aud some variation in soil depositiou is evideut. The narro�v covc
coi�tinues to the south�vest of the tcstcd �eca, dropping elevalion gradually until euding at the coustriction
of the creek formed by the stecply slopcd tcrmin�tion of ridgcs that radiatc feo�u Shcltou aud Ricl�
Mountains. The creek is not deeply incised in the site area, and portious of tlie cove may flood durii�g
rare, hea�ry raii� events.
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Pruje[1 Troeking No.:
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n��r�r��r5
Aitifacts from site 31JK573 cousist of 176 shcrds, 138 litl�ic articats, oue boi�e fragment, and 37 historic
artifacts (see Appendix 1). Of the historic artifacts, 19 were collected from seven shovel tests and ] 8
fi�om the two tes� units; most (�1=25) �vere collected from the upper plo�vzone lo depths of 42 cmbs. Tl�c
historic artifacts include I S nail or nail fi�agments, and most are identifed as ���ire neils (ca. 191�prese��t)
b�t at Least hvo m�y be square nails (ca. 182�1910). Also fouud were 14 pieces of wl�iteware (ca. 182�
presei�t), six flat mvdeutified metal fragmeuts, and hvo pieces of clear glass (one cuived and one flat).
The single faunal specimen found �vas a small mvdeiitified bone fragment recovered fi�om the third buried
A horizon (A63) in TU 2 at 59-6J cmbs.
The lithic artifact asscuiblage is compriscd primarily of debitage (fl�kes and shatter) (n=122), No
diagnostic lithic artifacts were recovcred, and surprisiugly ouly one tool �vas found. It consists of a large
biface tl��t may be an early stage Late Arcliaic S�va�wali River projectile poiuNknife (pp/k). The
remaii�ing lithic artifacts iuclude 15 picecs of fire-cracked rock (FCR) and one piece of w�worked sheet
mica. Interestingly, local sources could accom�t for 98% of the chipped stone. Quartz (n=80) dominates,
followecl by quartz/qu�rtzite (��=27), quartzite (�i=6), crystal quartz (n=7), and chert (n=2). Lithic artifacts
�vere fouud from all strata present at the site to depths oF 123 cmbs. There is no apparent patteruing in the
raw material by horizon.
In �vhat is a deviation fi�om the usual ratio, slierds (n=176) oumumber lithic artifacts (�r=138) at the site.
The sherds �vere recovered primarily from the hvo TUs (�r=159), while 17 �vere found within eight shovel
tests. All sherds recovered are consistent with Woodland period wares. The sherd assemblage represents
hvo ivain occupations, the first bciug Connestee and thc sccond probably best de�scribed as Late Swift
Creek. Of thc 172 shcrds found, 62 (3G°/o) are residual (<2 em). This rel�tively low percentage of
residual slierds is due to tl�e fact that ahnost all sl�crds �vere i�ecovered fi�om unplowed deposits.
Within TU 2, sherds �vere recovered from Levels 3-7 (see Table 3). Levcls 5(n=58) aud 6(n=40)
coi�taiiied the higliest number of slierds. Complicated stamped ceraroics were found in Levels 3-6, but
were concentrated in Level 5(n=13) (Lcvcl 4�v�s not a full 10 cm level, however). Simple stamped
Comiestee sherds were found in Levels 4-6, but concenh�ated in Lcvel 6, and the only bruslie�Vplain sherd
recovered fi�om TU 2 was withiu Level 6. Cord-marked and check stamped sherds �vere tbund within
Levels 5-6. Levels 4-6 were primarily within A63, below the charcoal ricl� Ab2 horizou. '1'his
distribufion, while somewh�t clouded by Ihe difticulty in excnvnling in n�turnl Ievels nt the site due to soil
changes lhat �vere not abrupt, does nppear to reflect correct stratigraphic order. Not nmch limc may
divide the Comicstcc �ud Late S�vift Crcek occup�tions, as bolh are most well represented within A63.
Within TU 1, sherds were recovered flom Levels 2-4, ���ithin ihc hvo Ab l�orizons cont�ined in that unit
(sec Table 2). Complicated stamped sherds were fbund within Levels 2-3, Tnd while no sherds were
designatcd as Co�mcstec or Pigcou, examples consistent with Ihose wzres arc prescnt iu Levels 3-4.
Thc complicatcd stTmpcd shcrds include curvilinear (n=8) and rectilincar (n=7) cxamples, along with
sl�crds that display bolh curvilincar and rectilinear elements (n=6); cight csamplcs arc unidentitled
complicated stamped includiiig a simple, cverted rim. "1'hese sl�erds are thu�, and almost are all sand
tempered (fine to coarse). Tl�e stamping is well esecuted and relatively fine-lined (Figure 14 a—h). The
complicated stamped sl�erds do not h�ve bunvsl�cd iuteriors; tln�ee have interiors that are smoothed while
the remainder does not eahibit any interior treatmeut. Unfortunntely, none of the complicalcd sl�mpcd
slierds ietaiu ei�ough of the design eleinents to conunent mucl� o�� motif, and none cau be related directly
to kno�vn Late S�vift Creek desigi�s. 1'he �vare overlll, ai�d the quality of the stamping, does strongly
suggest that a Late S�vift Creek designation is appropriate. One rectilinear complicated stamped slierd
contains stamping that is similar to a Woodstock design (see Wauchope Figure 21 l, r-t), and Ihis is thc
only complicated stamped sherd that has crushed quartz temper (see Figure 14 d). lt is possiblc it
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6 oC?5

F�'ojeel TrucAiug No.:
13-OS-0044
represculs a later componenL ,4�iothee rectilinear complicated stamped slierd contains a vai�iation of the
ucsted square motif (see Figw�c 14 c). O��e of the curviliuear complicatcd stamped sherds cxl�ibits a
Figure 9-like motif, but may be a small portion of a more elaborate p�ttei�n (see Figin�c 14 a).
Other sherds includc 21 unidentified stamped, 14 simple stamped , seveu check stamped , three
brushedlplain, Ilucc cord m�rked , one plaiu, one roughly iucised or brushed, I I that are unidentiCicd
dccorated, and 24 thnt have croded exteriors. Twelve of tl�e simple stamped or plain sherds are identified
as Coimestee, including a podal support and rims (Figure I S a—e). One of the rims exhibits distinct
notcl�ing on the Iip, ouc of the l�allmarks of Conuestee vessels (sec Figure I S d). One of tl�e check
stamped sherds is idc��tified as Pigeon, as it coutaius crushed quartz temper, although the others identificd
as containing coarsc sand temper conld be classified as Pigeon as well (see Figure l5, f—g). One check
stamped, simplc rim appears ro contain diamond check stampi��g (see Pigure I S�. The cord markcd
sl�crds likely belong to the Cannestee component (sec Figure I S h), while the roughly incised or brushed
sherd probably does as well (sce Figure I S i). It is ccrtaiuly possible Ili�t all of the simple stamped, check
stamped, cord marked, and brusheci/plain pottery bclongs to a Connestcc pl�ase occup�lion.
Swumnry and Recommendations
Sitc 31JK573 appears to bc an intact, stratified sitc that contaii�s Woodland period occupatious, as �vell a
late 19th to 20di ceutury l�istoric component. Middle Woodland (Pigeon and Conncstee wares) and Lale
�Noodland (Late Swift Crcek wares) sherds were reco��ered. The site is located in the nortliern portion of
a narrow terrace nlong the nortl� side of Johns Creck, although it may extend outside the project
boundaries to Ihe uorth and west. Given thc i��tact i�ature of Il�c site along �vith thc fact that it contains
Late �Voodlnnd matcri�l, the prehistoric porliou of site 31JK573 is reconvnended eligible for the NRHP.
Latc Woodland sites are not as �vcll docume��ted in thc westeru North Caroliva mountains compared to
other lime peeiods. 1� addition, thc rauge of activities conducted and the nature of occupntions in the
uplai�d cove settings during t�c Woodland Period is uot �vell understood. 1'he historic componeut at tlie
sitc is not considered a conlributiug element and is nol considered significant lt is recommcuded that site
31JK573 bc avoided by any ground disturbing activities associated �vith thc repl�cement of Bridge No.
182. Curreiitly, plans f'or thc bridge replacement will avoid this prehistoric site. In the cvcnt tliat the site
caimot be avoided by ground disturbing activities, ctata recovery investigations �vill be neccssary for tlie
prchistoric portion of the site. Potential research questions that might bc addressed by work at tl�e site are
provided below.
` _. J..(.� , ,:� .%
�
'i�l N�h� ir`h�.�i�t'q.
Tasha Benysl�ek
Senior Arcl�aeologist/Assistant Program Manager, Asheville
TRC Euviromnental Corporation
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Projeel 'frarcd'ing �\'o.:
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Research Questions
Thc following rescarcl� qucstions havc been dcveloped to guide research at 31 JK573. These questions
focus on gai��iiig an uudeistaudiug of site fuuction aud chronology, �vhich coupled with data on fe�tures
and artifact assemblages cau be used to increase uuderstaiiding of Woodland occupations and settlement
patteri�s in the North Ca�nlina mountains. The references provided for some rescarc� qucstious represei�t
only a sample of lhe literature relevant to ll�ese questions, and other resources sl�ould also be consulted.
l. What rypes of activities appear to have been couducted at tlie site, and what types of occupations
are represented? Ca�� it be determined if the occupations �vere year round or was sitc use
seasonal? ls tl�ere a differeuce iu site use that can be demonsU�ated bchveeu the Middle aud Late
Woodland occupations? How does the Coi�nestee component at this small site compare to larger
setNemenls documented elsewhere in Ihe wcsteru Nortl� Caroliva area (e.g. Benyshek and Webb
2009; Wetmore 1989)?
2. Do la�ger semples fi�om thc site result in thc recovery of more lithics, specifically tools (e.g. arc
thcre activity arcas thnt cont�in conccntrations of lithics)? lf there is a paucity of lithic tools nt
the site, can it bc demouslratcd lo bc thc result of limited site activities, or are tliere other f�ctors
that resulted in the presenee of so few tools?
3. Wl�at is the clu�o��ology of the Woodlaiid occupation(s) at 31JK573'? How do �ssociatcd \4iddle
\Voodland dates compare with Woodl�ud cln�onology outlined by Keel (1976), Wetmore et al.
(2000), and othcrs? How do the datcs associated with the Late Woodlai�d occi�pation comparc
�vith sites coiitaiiung documented Late S�vift Creek components (Idol 201 I; Benyshek 2003; Wild
1994)?
4. What Woodland ceramic vcssc] f'onns arc present in tlie assemblage? Ho�v do these compare
with contemporaneous vessel assemblages documentect elsewl�ere in western North Carolina
(e.g., Beiryshek and Webb 2009; Benyshek 2008; Kccl 1976)? lio�v do the Late Woodland
cer�mic design cicments comp�re with Ihosc From other Late S�vift Creek sites thlt also contain
�vell exeeuted, highly stylized motiCs?
5. If Middle bVoodland structures are present, �vl�at is their fomi, and how do thcy compare �vith
structures documented elsewhere in weslern North Carolina by Wetmore (1989), Benyshek aud
Webb (2009), and others? What types of sto���ge and cooking facilities arc preseut at the site?
Does the spatial organizatiou of these facilities, and any structural retnains preseut, pro��ide any
indications regarding the size and composition of thc group(s) using tl�e site? Are Late Woodland
struchues present, nnd if so, whet is dieir form?
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8 of25

Projer� Trneking i\'o.:
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�r�Rrn�crs c►T�o
Benyshek, Tasl�a
2008 Arcliaeological G+��estigntrons nt the Si+eed Site (3LJE�466) nt !he Former Papoose ddotelJor
the EBC! llatrsi�tg nntl De��e]op�r�enl Divisio�r, Jncksoi+ Coimty, Qirnlln Bo+rnr/rn�p, North Cnrolinn.
TRC, Chapel HiIL Submitted to EBCI Housiiig and Development Division, Cherokee, North
Caroliva.
Benyshek, Tasha, and Yaul A. Webb
200) Management Sununary for thc Archncologicnl D1tn Rccovery Ficl<lwork for tlic M�cou
County Airport Esteusion Pi�oject, Site 31 MA77. Report Subnuttcd to Macon County Airport
Authority, Pranklin, North Carolina.
Cox, Thomas A.
1924 Jnckson Comity. Nor!!t Cmolinn. On file, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh. Available
online at http://dalib.unc.cdu/cdn�/ref/collectio��/ncmaps/icV3571.
Idol, Bruce
2011 drehneologicnl dssessment Jor Propose�l Seiver Li�te Consnvclion on the Boundm•1' Tree
Trnct, Siecrin Coan(p, Qr�nllr� Boru�d�u p, Norlh Cnrolinn. TRC Euviromttcntal Corporation,
Chapel IIiIL Submitted to Easlern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee, Norlh Cm�olina.
Keel, Bennie C.
1976 Clrerokee Archaeologp: fl Shrdy of �/ie Appnlacl�imi Smmnit. Uuivcrsity of Tc�mcssce,
Knoz��ille.
Na�ional Resources Couseivatiou Service (NRCS)
2013 Natural Resources Conservation Seivicq Uuited States Dcpartme��t of Agriculture Web Soil
Swvey. Available onliue at hitu://wcbsoilsurvcy.nres.usd�i.eov/ acccsscd Dcccmber 2013. North
Cvrolina Statc Highway Connnission.
North Carolina State Highway Conunission
1930 North Caroliva Coimty Road Survey of,Iackson County. On file, North Carolinn State
Arcl�ives, Ralcigh. Available online at luq�://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdmhef%collection/ncmaps/id/1952.
1967 Jaekson County, Nordi Carolina High�vay Culture Map. Oi� file, Nortl� Carolina State
Archives, Raleigh. Available online at lntu://dc.lil�.unc.edu/cdmhet%collcctionhicmaps!icU1527.
1968 i�lap of Jackson County. On f le, Nor(h Carolina Stnte Ardiives, Rnleigh. Av�ilable online
at I�ttp://dc.lib.unc.cdu/cdn�/rcl%collection/ncmans/id/37I6.
1972 Map of Jacksou Couuty. On file, North Carolina State Archives, R�leigh. Available oiiline
at hUU:�/dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ret%collection/nciii�t�s/id/b361.
North Carolina Stnte Highway and Public Works Conmussion (NCSHPWC)
193G Mnp of Jackson County. On file, North Carolin� State rLcl�ives, R�leigh. Available online
at I�tiV://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdn�/rel%collection/��cmaps/id/20)3.
1938 Map oCJackson County. On file, North Caroliva State Archives, Raleigh. Available onlii�e
at Itttu://cicJib.unc.edu/cdm/ref%collection/��cmnps/id/525.
U.S. Gcologic�l Sw vcy (USGS)
1897 Cowee, N.C., 7.5-minute topographic map (1:125,000).
1907 Cowcc, N.C., 7.5-minute topographic map (1:125,000).
1935 Tuekasegee, N.C, 7.5-minnte topographic map (1:24,000).
I)46 Tuckasegee, N.C., 7.5-minute topographic mnp ( I 24,000).
1978 Tuckasegee, N.C., 7.5-minute topog�aphic map (124,000).
1987 Tuckasegee, N.C., 7.5-miuutc lopog�aphic map (1:24,000).
1997 Tuckasegee, N.C, 7.5-minute topographic map (124,000).
Wnuchope, Robert
1)66 Archneologicnl S+n ��e�� oJ Nortlrern Georgin. Memoirs oC Ihe Society for American
Arch�eology No.21. Society for Americac� Arcl��eology, S�It Lake City.
"A'O �\'.IT70,\'.I L REGI.STEft EL/(i/BLEON LlSIG�U ARCH,I b'OLOGIGL Sl7fS PkE561\'f ON.iFFEC/6D
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WETLAND AND SURFACE WATER IMPAC7S PERMIT
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