20180199 Ver 2_BuffaloCreekTributaries_100042_MY3_2023_20231229

MY3 FINAL MONITORING REPORT
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project
Johnston County
Neuse River Basin
CU 03020201
DMS Project # 100042
DMS Contract # 7422
DMS RFP # 16-007279
USACE Action ID Number: SAW-2018-00425
DWR Project # 2018-0199 V2
Calendar Year of Data Collection: 2023
Prepared for:
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
1652 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1652
December 29, 2023
NC Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Mitigation Services
Attn: Emily Dunnigan, Project Manager
217 W. Jones Street, Suite 3000
Raleigh, NC 27609
RE: WLS Responses to NCDEQ DMS Review Comments for Task 9 Submittal, Draft Monitoring
Year 3 Report for the Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project, DMS Full‐Delivery Project ID
#100042, Contract #7422, Neuse River Basin, Cataloging Unit 03020201, Johnston County, NC
Dear Ms. Dunnigan:
Water & Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) is pleased to present the Final Monitoring Year 3 Report for the Buffalo
Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project to the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ)
Division of Mitigation Services (DMS). Per the DMS review comments, WLS has updated the Final
Monitoring Year 3 Report and associated deliverables accordingly. We are providing the electronic
deliverables via cloud link. The electronic deliverables are organized under the following folder structure
as required under the digital submission requirements:
1.Report PDF
2.Support Files
1_ Tables
2_CCPV
3_Veg
4_Geomorph
5_Hydro
6_Photos
We are providing our written responses to DMS’ review comments on the Monitoring Year 3 Report
below. Each of the DMS review comments is copied below in bold text, followed by the appropriate
response from WLS in regular text:
Report Comments:
1.Figure 1c: Groundwater well 8 is missing from the CCPV; please update. WLS Response:
Groundwater well 8 has been added to the CCPV.
2.Pg. 11, Section 4.3: Failure of groundwater well 1 to meet success criteria for all
monitoring years is concerning. Consider adding additional gauges here in MY4 and
elaborate on site conditions in the narrative. If failure of the gauge continues, WLS will
need to identify the extent of the at‐risk wetlands and discuss in next year’s monitoring
report. WLS Response: WLS will be installing an additional groundwater well in W1 near GW-1
at the beginning of MY4. Additional verbiage has been added within the narrative describing the
on-site conditions of W1. After data from all groundwater gauges is collected and processed at
the end of MY4, WLS will identify and address any at-risk wetlands in the MY4 report.
3.Pg. 11, Section 4.4: Veg plot 1 is not meeting MY3, MY5, or MY7 criteria. Please consider
conducting random transect surveys near plot 1 to determine if stem density is similar
outside of the veg plot and if supplemental planting may be necessary. WLS Response:
Vegetation monitoring is not required in MY4, however, WLS will re-survey vegetation plot 1 in
MY4. Overall plot average height is trending towards success, and low stem density is likely due
to planting under existing canopy, wetness and dense herbaceous cover. No supplemental
planting is planned at this time.
4.Appendix A, Cross‐section photos: XS‐11 upstream and downstream photos are mixed up;
please revise. WLS Response: XS-11 photos have been corrected to match the correct reach
view, and photo labels have been updated in the E-data folder.
5.Appendix D: DMS encourages WLS to include gauge data for the entirety of the growing
season in the final submission. WLS Response: WLS has included all gauge data that has been
collected in the final report (ending 9/5/23). For future monitoring reports, efforts will be made
to include data as close to the end of the growing season as feasibly possible with monitoring
schedules.
6.Appendix D, Rainfall Table: Please update with rainfall through November if possible.
WLS Response: Rainfall data through November 2023 has been updated in the Appendix D
Rainfall Table.
7.Appendix F: Please include photos of the MY3 sampling station. WLS Response: Photos in
Appendix F have been updated with MY3 sampling station photos.
Electronic Comments:
1.The submission is missing the added groundwater gauge; resubmit the groundwater
gauge file with the added monitoring station. WLS Response: An updated shapefile with all
current gauges has been added to the E-data folder.
Please contact me if you have any questions or comments.
Sincerely,
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
Alyssa Davis
Water & Land Solutions, LLC
7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 130
Raleigh, NC 27615
Office Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Table of Contents
1 Project Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Location and Description .................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Project Quantities and Credits ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Current Condition Plan View ......................................................................................................... 3
2 Goals, Performance Criteria, and Functional Improvements ............................................................... 4
2.1 Project Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Project Success Criteria ................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 Streams ................................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.2 Wetlands ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Vegetation ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.2.4 Visual Assessment ................................................................................................................. 8
3 Project Attributes .................................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Design Approach ........................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Project Attributes .......................................................................................................................... 8
4 Monitoring Year 3 Assessment and Results ........................................................................................ 10
4.1 Morphological Assessment ......................................................................................................... 10
4.1.1 Stream Horizontal Pattern & Longitudinal Profile .............................................................. 10
4.1.2 Stream Horizontal Dimension ............................................................................................. 10
4.2 Stream Hydrology ....................................................................................................................... 10
4.2.1 Stream Flow ........................................................................................................................ 10
4.2.2 Bankfull Events .................................................................................................................... 11
4.3 Wetlands ..................................................................................................................................... 11
4.4 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................... 11
4.5 Macrobenthic Sampling .............................................................................................................. 12
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A - Visual Assessment Data
Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Cross-Section Photos
Stream Photo Stations (Culvert Crossings, MS-R2)
Encroachment Areas and Additional Photos
Appendix B – Vegetation Plot Data
Final Plant List
Vegetation Performance Standards Summary Table
Vegetation Plot Counts and Densities Table
Vegetation Plot Photos
Appendix C - Stream Morphology Data
MY3 Cross-Sections with Annual Overlays
Baseline Stream Data Summary Tables
Cross-Section Morphology Data
Appendix D – Hydrologic Data
Verification of Bankfull Events
Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Installation Diagram
Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Graphs
Wetland Hydrology Criteria and Hydrographs
Rainfall Data Table
Appendix E - Project Timeline and Contact Info
Appendix F – MY3 Benthic Data
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
1
1 Project Summary
1.1 Project Location and Description
The Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project (“Project”) is a North Carolina Department of
Environmental Quality (NCDEQ), Division of Mitigation Services (DMS) full-delivery stream and wetland
mitigation project contracted with Water & Land Solutions, LLC (WLS) in response to RFP 16-007279. The
Project will provide stream and wetland mitigation credits in the Neuse River Basin (Cataloging Unit
03020201). The project site is in Johnston County, North Carolina between the Town of Wendell and the
Community of Archer Lodge. The Project is in the Lower Buffalo Creek Priority Sub-watershed
030202011504, study area for the Neuse 01 Regional Watershed Plan Phase II, Final Report (RWP), and in
the Targeted Local Watershed 03020201180050, of the Neuse River Basin.
The Project involved the restoration, enhancement, and preservation of eight stream reaches (MS-R1,
MS-R2, R3 (upper), R3 (lower), R4, R5 (upper), R5 (lower), and R6) with designed totals of approximately
5,029 linear feet of streams. The Project also includes riparian wetland restoration (re-establishment) and
enhancement of approximately 3.495 acres. The Project provides significant ecological improvements and
functional uplift through stream and wetland restoration and will decrease nutrient and sediment loads
within the watershed. See Section 2 for a detailed benefits summary and Table 1 for a summary of project
assets. Figure 1a illustrates the project mitigation components.
Prior to construction, many of the existing streams were incised and degraded due to excess bank erosion
and increased stormwater flows. Wetland hydrology was drained across the floodplain and areas mapped
with hydric soils. The existing vegetation within the riparian corridor consists of mixed hardwood forest
with some disturbed pine forest. Adjacent land use consists of agriculture, silviculture, and residential
development.
Monitoring Year 3 (MY3) activities occurred during March and September 2023. This report presents the
data for MY3. The Project meets the MY3 success criteria for stream hydrology, stream horizontal and
vertical stability, and streambed condition and stability. Of the eight vegetation plots, two are not meeting
interim success criteria. Seven of the eight groundwater gauges met success criteria for hydrology. Based
on these results, the Project is on trajectory to meet interim and final success criteria. For more
information on the chronology of the project history and activity, refer to Appendix E. Relevant project
contact information is presented in Appendix E, and project background information is presented in Table
3.
1.2 Project Quantities and Credits
The Project mitigation components include a combination of Stream Restoration, Enhancement and
Preservation activities, as well as Riparian Wetland Re-establishment and Enhancement, as summarized
in Table 1 below.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
2
Original
Mitigation Original Original Original
Plan As-Built Mitigation Restoration Mitigation
Project Segment Ft/Ac Ft/Ac Category Level Ratio (X:1) Credits Comments
Stream
MS-R1 1543 1538 Warm R (PI) 1.00000 1,543.000 Full channel restoration, planted buffer, permanent conservaiton easement
MS-R2 1351 1337 Warm R (PI) 1.00000 1,351.000 Full channel restoration, planted buffer, permanent conservaiton easement
R3 (upper)565 577 Warm P 10.00000 56.500 Preservation of existing channel, permanent conservation easement
R3 (lower)116 99 Warm R (PI) 1.00000 116.000 Full channel restoration, planted buffer, permanent conservaiton easement
R4 459 499 Warm EI 1.50000 306.000 Supplemental buffer planting, bank stabilization, permanent conservation easement
R5 (upper)585 600 Warm EI 1.50000 390.000 Supplemental buffer planting, bank stabilization, permanent conservation easement
R5 (lower)158 171 Warm R (PI) 1.00000 158.000 Full channel restoration, planted buffer, permanent conservaiton easement
R6 252 232 Warm EI 1.50000 168.000 Supplemental buffer planting, bank stabilization, permanent conservation easement
Wetland
W1 2.013 2.044 R REE 1.00000 2.013 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
W2 0.932 0.990 R REE 1.00000 0.932 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
W3 0.475 0.484 R REE 1.00000 0.475 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
WB 0.039 0.032 R E 2.00000 0.020 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
WC 0.004 0.004 R E 2.00000 0.002 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
WD 0.032 0.038 R E 2.00000 0.016 Planted buffer, hydrologic improvements, permanent conservation easement
Warm Cool Cold
Restoration 3,168.000
Re-establishment 3.420
Rehabilitation
Enhancement 0.038
Enhancement I 864.000
Enhancement II
Creation
Preservation 56.500
Totals 4,088.500 3.458
Total Stream Credit 4,088.500
Total Wetland Credit 3.458
Wetland Mitigation Category
CM Coastal Marsh HQP
R Riparian P
NR Non-Riparian E
EII
EI
C
RH
REE
R
Project Credits
Table 1. Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project (DMS# 100042) Project Mitigation Quantities and Credits
Restoration Level
Stream Riparian
Wetland
Non-Rip
Wetland
Coastal
Marsh
Stream Enhancement I
Wetland Creation
Wetland Rehabilitation - Veg and Hydro
Wetland Re-establishment Veg and Hydro
Restoration
Restoration Level
High Quality Preservation
Preservation
Wetland Enhancement - Veg and Hydro
Stream Enhancement II
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
3
1.3 Current Condition Plan View
The following pages (Figures 1a-c) present the Current Condition Plan View (CCPV).
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R3 (Upper)
R3 (Lower)
R4R5 (Upper)
R5 (Lower)
MS-R2
R6
W3
W2
W1
WB
WC WD
Figure 1c
Figure 1b
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community
FIGURE1aNAD 1983 2011 State Plane
North Carolina FIPS 3200 FT US
0 250 500
Feet
±
Conservation Easement
Stream Mitigation
Restoration
Enhancement I
Preservation
Wetland Mitigation
Wetland Re-establishment
Wetland Enhancement
Water Quality
Improvement Feature
Mapping Index
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation ProjectJohnston County, North Carolina
USACE Action ID Number:
SAW-2018-00425
October 2023
MY3
USACE
Current Conditions Plan View
Monitoring Year 3
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No Stream CreditOutside Easement
XS-1
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PS-3
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14+00
13+00
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1
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community
FIGURE1bNAD 1983 2011 State Plane
North Carolina FIPS 3200 FT US
0 125 250
Feet
±
Conservation Easement
Top of Bank
!.Crest Gauge
!.Flow Gauge
!.Wetland Gauge
(Hydroperiod >12%)
!.Wetland Gauge
(Hydroperiod <12%)
Pre-existing Channel
!>Geolift - Toewood
!>Grade Control Log J-Hook
!>Log Weir
!>Stone Riffle
!>Stone/Log Step-Pool
Stationing
Stream Mitigation
Restoration
Enhancement I
Preservation
Wetland Mitigation
Wetland Re-establishment
Wetland Enhancement
Water Quality Improvement
Feature
Fixed Vegetation Plot
Success Criteria Met
Success Criteria Not Met
Random 50m x 2m
Vegetation Transect
(Success Criteria Met)
")Photo Station (3)
Cross Sections
Culvert
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation ProjectJohnston County, North Carolina
USACE Action ID Number:
SAW-2018-00425
October 2023
MY3
USACE
Current Conditions Plan View
Monitoring Year 3
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R3 (Lower)
R4
R5 (Upper)
R5 (Lower)
MS-R2
R6
W3
W2
W1
WB
WC WD
40+00
No Stream CreditOutside Easement
No Stream CreditOutside Easement
W1
GW-7
XS-13
XS-12
XS-11
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28+00 27+00 26+00 25+00 24+00
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17+00
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11+76
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13+00
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5 3
4
Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User Community
FIGURE1cNAD 1983 2011 State Plane
North Carolina FIPS 3200 FT US
0 125 250
Feet
±
XY Problem Area
Conservation Easement
Top of Bank
!.Crest Gauge
!.Flow Gauge
!.Wetland Gauge (Hydroperiod
>12%)
!.Wetland Gauge (Hydroperiod
<12%)
")Benthic Sampling Location
Pre-existing Channel
!>Geolift - Toewood
!>Grade Control Log J-Hook
!>Log Weir
!>Stone Riffle
!>Stone/Log Step-Pool
Stationing
Stream Mitigation
Restoration
Enhancement I
Preservation
Wetland Mitigation
Wetland Re-establishment
Wetland Enhancement
Water Quality Improvement
Feature
Vegetation Plot (Success Criteria
Met)
Random 25m x 4m Vegetation
Transect (Success Criteria Met)
")Photo Station (3)
Cross Sections
Culvert
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation ProjectJohnston County, North Carolina
USACE Action ID Number:
SAW-2018-00425
October 2023
MY3
USACE
Current Conditions Plan View
Monitoring Year 3
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
4
2 Goals, Performance Criteria, and Functional Improvements
2.1 Project Goals and Objectives
The Project will meet the goals and objectives described in the Buffalo Creek Tributaries Final Approved
Mitigation Plan and will address general restoration goals and opportunities outlined in the DMS Neuse
River Basin Watershed Restoration Priorities (RBRP). More specifically, three out of the four functional
goals and objectives outlined in the Wake-Johnston Collaborative Local Watershed Plan (LWP) as well as
the Neuse 01 RWP will be met by:
Reducing sediment and nutrient inputs to the Buffalo Creek Watershed.
Restoring, preserving, and protecting wetlands, streams, riparian buffers, and aquatic habitat.
Implementing stream restoration in rural catchments together as “project clusters.”
To accomplish these project-specific goals, the following objectives will be measured to document overall
project success:
Restore stream and floodplain interaction and geomorphically stable conditions by reconnecting
historic flow paths and promoting more natural flood processes;
Improve and protect water quality by reducing streambank erosion, nutrient and sediment inputs;
Restore and protect riparian buffer functions and habitat connectivity in perpetuity by recording
a permanent conservation easement; and
Incorporate water quality improvement features to reduce nonpoint source inputs to receiving
waters.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
5
2.2 Project Success Criteria
The success criteria for the Project will follow the approved performance standards and monitoring
protocols from the final approved mitigation plan, which was developed in compliance with the USACE
October 2016 Guidance, USACE Stream Mitigation Guidelines (April 2003 and October 2005), and 2008
Compensatory Mitigation Final Rule. Cross-section and vegetation plot data will be collected in Years 0, 1,
2, 3, 5, and 7. Stream hydrology data and visual monitoring will be reported annually. Specific success
criteria components and evaluation methods are described below.
2.2.1 Streams
Stream Hydrology: Four separate bankfull or over bank events must be documented within the seven-year
monitoring period, and the stream hydrology monitoring will continue until four bankfull events have been
documented in separate years. Stream hydrology monitoring will be accomplished with pressure
transducers installed in pools and correlating sensor depth to top of bank elevation (see appendix D for
installation diagrams). Recorded water depth above the top of bank elevation will document a bankfull
event. The devices will record water depth hourly and will be inspected quarterly.
The stage recorders include an automatic pressure transducer (HOBO Water Level (13 ft) Logger) set in
PVC piping in the channel. The elevation of the bed and top of bank at each stage recorder location will
be recorded to be able to document presence of water in the channel and out of bank events. Visual
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
6
observations (i.e. wrack or debris lines) and traditional cork crest gauges will also be used to document
out of bank events.
Stream Profiles, Vertical Stability, and Floodplain Access: Stream profiles, as a measure of vertical stability
and floodplain access will be evaluated by looking at Bank Height Ratios (BHR). In addition, observed
bedforms should be consistent with those observed for channels of the design stream type(s). The BHR
shall not exceed 1.2 along riffles within the restored Project stream reaches. This standard only applies to
restored reaches of the channel where BHRs were corrected through design and construction. Vertical
stability will be evaluated with visual assessment, cross-sections and, if directed by the IRT, longitudinal
profile.
Stream Horizontal Stability: Cross-sections will be used to evaluate horizontal stream stability on restored
streams. There should be little change expected in as-built restoration cross-sections. If measurable
changes do occur, they should be evaluated to determine if the changes represent a movement toward a
more unstable condition (e.g., downcutting, erosion) or a movement towards increased stability (e.g.,
settling, vegetation establishment, deposition along the streambanks, decrease in width/depth ratio).
Cross-sections shall be classified using the Rosgen Stream Classification method, and all monitored cross-
sections should fall within the quantitative parameters defined for channels of the design stream type.
Stream cross-section monitoring will be conducted using a Topcon Total Station. Three-dimensional
coordinates associated with cross-section data will be collected in the field (NAD83 State Plane feet FIPS
3200). Morphological data will be collected at 13 cross-sections. Survey data will be imported into
Microsoft Excel® and the DMS Shiny App for data processing and analysis.
Reference photo transects will be taken at each permanent cross-section. Lateral photos should not
indicate excessive erosion or continuing degradation of the streambanks. Photographs will be taken of both
streambanks at each cross-section. A survey tape stretched between the permanent cross-section
monuments/pins will be centered in each of the streambank photographs. The water elevation will be
shown in the lower edge of the frame, and as much of the streambank as possible will be included in each
photo. Photographers will attempt to consistently maintain the same area in each photo over time.
Streambed Material Condition and Stability: Streambed material should not significantly change over
time, and any significant changes (e.g., aggradation, degradation, embeddedness) will be noted after
streambank vegetation becomes established and a minimum of two bankfull flows or greater have been
documented. If significant changes are observed within stable riffles and pools, additional sediment
transport analyses may be required.
Jurisdictional Stream Flow: Monitoring of stream flow will be conducted to demonstrate that the restored
stream systems classified as intermittent exhibit surface flow for a minimum of 30 consecutive days
throughout some portion of the year during years with normal rainfall conditions. Stream flow monitoring
will be accomplished with pressure transducers installed in pools and correlating sensor depth to the
downstream top of riffle elevation (see appendix D for installation diagrams). If the pool water depth is at
or above the top of riffle elevation, then the channel will be assumed to have surface flow. The devices will
record water elevation twice per day and will be inspected quarterly to document surface hydrology and
provide a basis for evaluating flow response to rainfall events.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
7
2.2.2 Wetlands
Wetland Hydrology: The performance standard for wetland hydrology will be 12 percent based on the
suggested wetland saturation thresholds for soils’ taxonomic subgroups. The proposed success criteria
for wetland hydrology will be when the soils are saturated within 12 inches of the soil surface for 12
percent (27 days) of the 227-day growing season (March 21st through November 3rd) based on the WETS
data table for Johnston County, NC. The saturated conditions should occur during a period when
antecedent precipitation has been normal or drier than normal for a minimum frequency of 5 years in 10
(USACE, 2005 and 2010b). Precipitation data will be obtained from an on-site rain gauge, installed at the
Odell’s House Mitigation Project, and the Clayton (CLAY) Research Weather Station, approximately nine
miles southeast of the Project site. If a normal year of precipitation does not occur during the first seven
years of monitoring, WLS will continue to monitor the Project hydrology until the Project site has been
saturated for the appropriate hydroperiod. If rainfall amounts for any given year during the monitoring
period are abnormally low, reference wetland hydrology data will be compared to determine if there is a
correlation with the weather conditions and site variability.
Wetland hydrology will be monitored to document success in wetland restoration and enhancement areas
where hydrology was affected. This will be accomplished with automatic pressure transducer gauges
(located in groundwater wells) that record daily (twice per day) groundwater levels. The pressure
transducer gauges are HOBO Water Level (13ft) Loggers made by Onset. Seven gauges will be installed
within the wetland crediting areas. One automatic pressure transducer will be installed above ground for
use as a barometric reference. One rain gauge will be installed at the adjacent Odell’s House Mitigation
Project site (0.3 miles southeast of the project) to document rainfall at the project. Gauges are
downloaded quarterly and wetland hydroperiods are calculated during the growing season. Gauge
installation will follow current regulatory guidance. Gauge data is downloaded using a HOBO Onset
Waterproof Shuttle Data Transporter. Visual observations of primary and secondary wetland hydrology
indicators will also be recorded during quarterly site visits.
2.2.3 Vegetation
Vegetation monitoring will occur in the fall each required monitoring year, prior to leaf drop. Plots will be
monitored in years 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Vegetative success for the Project during the intermediate
monitoring years will be based on the survival of at least 320, three-year-old trees per acre at the end of
Year 3 of the monitoring period and at least 260, five-year-old trees per acre that must average seven feet
in height at the end of Year 5 of the monitoring period. The final vegetative restoration success criteria
will be achieving a density of no less than 210, seven-year-old stems per acre that must average ten feet
in height in Year 7 of monitoring. Volunteer species on the approved planting list that meet success criteria
standards will be counted towards success criteria.
Vegetation success is being monitored at a total of six permanent vegetation plots (10m x 10m or 20m x
5m) and two random vegetation transects (50m x 2m). Vegetation plot monitoring follows the CVS-EEP
Level 2 Protocol for Recording Vegetation, version 4.2 (Lee et al. 2008) and includes analysis of species
composition and density of planted species. Data will be processed using the DMS ShinyApp. For each
plot, the origin will be marked with a PVC pole and the other three corners marked with rebar. Tree species
and height will be recorded for each planted stem and photos of each plot are to be taken from the origin
each monitoring year.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
8
2.2.4 Visual Assessment
WLS will conduct visual assessments in support of mitigation performance monitoring. Visual assessments
of all stream reaches will be conducted twice per monitoring year with at least five months in between
each site visit for each of the seven years of monitoring. Photographs will be used to visually document
system performance and any areas of concern related to streambank and bed stability, condition of in-
stream structures, channel migration, active headcuts, live stake mortality, invasive plant species or animal
browsing, easement boundary encroachments, and general streambed conditions. Permanent photo
points will be at the cross-sections and culvert crossings.
3 Project Attributes
3.1 Design Approach
The Project stream design approach included a combination of Stream Restoration, Enhancement Level I,
and Preservation activities (Table 1). A Priority Level I restoration approach was incorporated with the
design of both a single-thread meandering channel along the main stem (MS-R1 and MS-R2) and step-
pool channels (R3, R4, R5 and R6). All non-vegetated or disturbed areas within the conservation easement
were planted with native species vegetation, and any areas of invasive species were removed and/or
treated.
3.2 Project Attributes
See Table 3 below for Project attributes.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
9
R4
469
499
unconfined
30
Ephemeral²
C, NSW
G5c/C5
B4
IV/V
WB
0.039
0.032
Riparian
Ly: Lynchburg
sandy loam
N/A
Supporting Docs?
404 Permit
401 Permit
Categorical
Exclusion
Categorical
Exclusion
N/A
N/A
Note 1: Indicates that the lower section of the reach was classified as perennial and upper stream reach was classified as intermittent.
232
unconfined
25
Note 2: Reach R4 is shown as a blue line stream on the USGS topographic map. The historic flow path has been piped from an existing
stormwater BMP towards Reach R5 and diverted away from its natural stream valley.
Endangered Species Act Yes Yes
Historic Preservation Act Yes Yes
N/A
Essential Fisheries Habitat No N/A
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA or CAMA) No N/A
Water of the United States - Section 404 Yes Yes
Water of the United States - Section 401 Yes Yes
Mapped Soil Series
R5 (upper and
lower)
R3 (upper and
lower)MS-R2
Parameters Applicable? Resolved?
Soil Hydric Status Hydric AHydric AHydric A
Pre-project (acres)
Dominant Stream Classification (proposed)
Dominant Evolutionary class (Simon) if applicable
W2W1
C4
IIIIII/IV
C4
Pre-project length (feet)
Post-project (acres)
Wetland Type (non-riparian, riparian)
Regulatory Considerations
Perennial
C, NSW
G4c/Incised E4
C, NSW
Dominant Stream Classification (existing) G4c
Perennial, Intermittent, Ephemeral
NCDWR Water Quality Classification
Perennial
Table 3. Project Attribute Table
Project Name Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project
County Johnston
Project Area (acres) 17.1
13%
Land Use Classification 2.01.03, 2.01.01, 3.02 (20% cultivated crops, 9% grass/herbaceous, 48% mixed
forest)
River Basin Neuse
DWR Sub-basin 03-04-06
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude decimal
degrees)35.72275, -78.34285
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit
Project Watershed Summary Information
Physiographic Province Piedmont
Project Drainage Area (acres) 543 acres
Project Drainage Area Percentage of Impervious Area
3020201
1,803
1,538
1,475 701
Reach Summary Information
Valley confinement (Confined, moderately confined,
unconfined)
Drainage area (acres)
MS-R1
766 208
Parameters
Post-project (feet)1,337 676
24
unconfined
19
unconfined
771
543
moderately
confined
moderately
confined
442
R6
B5a
B4
II/III
B4
WCW3
C, NSW
Perennial
C, NSW
C5b (upper), G5
(lower)
B4
III
Incised E5 (upper),
G5c (lower)
Intermittent
C, NSW
Int/Perennial1
0.0320.004
Hydric AHydric A
Wetland Summary Information
Wt: Wedhadkee
loam
Riparian
2.044
Riparian
Wt: Wedhadkee
loam
Wt: Wedhadkee
loam
Riparian
0.004 0.038
Wt: Wedhadkee
loam
Riparian
0.484
N/AN/A
0.990
Riparian
Wt: Wedhadkee
loam
Parameters WD
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
10
4 Monitoring Year 3 Assessment and Results
The dates of Year 3 monitoring activities are detailed in Appendix E. All Year 3 monitoring data is presented
in this report and in the appendices. The Project is on track for meeting stream, wetland, and vegetation
interim success criteria. All monitoring device locations are depicted on the CCPV (Figure 1a-c).
4.1 Morphological Assessment
Morphological data for MY3 was collected in March 2023. Refer to Appendices A and C for summary data
tables, morphological plots, and stream photographs.
4.1.1 Stream Horizontal Pattern & Longitudinal Profile
The MY3 visual observations of stream horizontal pattern and longitudinal profiles closely match the
design parameters and did not show any significant deviation from as-built conditions. The minor channel
adjustments in riffle slopes, pool depths and pattern do not present a stability concern or indicate a need
for remedial action and will be assessed visually during the annual assessments.
One stream problem area (SPA-1) was noted during the spring site visit in MY3. One log step was noted
to be piping on R6 at approximate station 12+90. The streambanks are stable above and below the
structure, and the issue is isolated to one log step. WLS will continue to monitor this area in MY4. No
remedial action is proposed at this time.
4.1.2 Stream Horizontal Dimension
The MY3 channel dimensions generally match the design parameters and are within acceptable and stable
ranges of tolerance. Thirteen cross-sections are located in restoration and enhancement reaches across
the project. Of the thirteen cross-sections, nine are located in riffles and four are located in pools. All
thirteen cross-sections show little change in bankfull area, and all bank height ratios are less than 1.2. It
is expected over time that some pools may accumulate fine sediment and organic matter, however, this
is not an indicator of channel instability. Maximum riffle depths are also expected to fluctuate slightly
throughout the monitoring period as the channels adjust to new flow regimes.
4.2 Stream Hydrology
4.2.1 Stream Flow
Two pressure transducers (flow gauges) were installed in March and April 2021 on reaches R4 and R6 to
document baseflow conditions. The flow gauge locations are within the upper one-third of the project
reaches as shown on the CCPV. Both flow gauges exhibited flow for a minimum of 30 days in MY3.
Additionally, to determine if rainfall amounts are normal for the given year, precipitation data was
obtained from a rain gauge installed at Odell’s House Mitigation Project (DMS #100041) less than a mile
south of the Project site. Rainfall was normal during MY3 data collection.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
11
Flow Gauge Data
Flow
Gauge
Name
Flow
Gauge
Location
Longest Period of
Consecutive Flow
Total Days of
Cumulative
Flow
Total Days of
Cumulative
No Flow
Longest Period of
Consecutive No Flow
FG-1 R4 67 days
1/1/2023 – 3/8/2023 166 days 82 days 28 Days
FG-2 R6 165 days
1/1/2023 – 6/14/2023 194 days 54 days 21 Days
4.2.2 Bankfull Events
One crest gauge was installed in March 2021 to document bankfull events. WLS installed a conventional
cork crest gauge, along with a pressure transducer to document flood status on MS-R2. During MY3, 8
bankfull events were recorded on the pressure transducer crest gauge with a maximum event of 1.375
feet above bankfull on July 13, 2023.
4.3 Wetlands
Seven wetland groundwater wells were installed in March and April 2021 to monitor wetland hydrology.
Wetland groundwater well locations are shown on the CCPV. One additional groundwater well was
installed prior to MY3 located in W3. During MY3, seven of the eight groundwater wells met the twelve
percent wetland hydrology criteria. GW-1 did not meet hydrology criteria and had a hydroperiod of 6.14%.
Two of the three groundwater wells in W1 were successful and have a mean average above 12% for the
three years of monitoring. W1 general on-site conditions are favorable, with visual wetland vegetation
and hydrology indicators throughout the delineated area. WLS will install an additional groundwater well
in W1 near GW-1 at the beginning of MY4. WLS will continue to monitor all wetland gauges for success in
MY4.
4.4 Vegetation
Monitoring of the six permanent vegetation plots and two random transects was completed during
September 2023. Vegetation data and photos can be found in Appendix B. The MY3 average planted
density is 379 stems per acre, which exceeds the interim measure of vegetative success of at least 320
planted stems per acre at the end of the third monitoring year. Six of the eight vegetation plots meet the
interim success requirements, and the eight plots have a range of 202 - 607 stems per acre. Vegetation
plot 1 is below MY3 success criteria by 3 stems, the low stem count is likely due to planting under existing
canopy, wetness and dense herbaceous cover. Vegetation plot 2 is one stem below MY3 success criteria,
the low stem count is likely due to dense herbaceous cover. Volunteer recruitment is expected to continue
in both areas of VP1 and VP2, no remedial action is proposed currently. Although vegetation monitoring
is not required in MY4, WLS will re-survey VP1 to closely monitor average stem density. Volunteer
ironwood (Carpinus caroliniana), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), and hazel alder (Alnus serrulata)
were noted within the project during monitoring year 3 throughout the easement.
Visual assessment of vegetation outside of the monitoring plots indicates that the herbaceous vegetation
is becoming well established throughout the project.
MY3 FINAL Buffalo Creek Tributaries
DMS Project # 100042
12
An area of concern was noted during a DMS site visit on July 2nd, 2021, of overland flow occurring along
MS-R1 from an offsite BMP. This area is stable with dense herbaceous vegetation preventing soil erosion,
and there are no impacts to the floodplain or the stream (see photos in Appendix A).
During MY1, there were two encroachments (~0.014 acres) observed near the southernmost culvert
crossing on MS-R2. Both were sodded/planted grassy areas adjacent to new home construction. To
prevent further encroachment, the homeowners were contacted, and the easement line was more clearly
marked. Encroachment planting occurred on January 6th, 2022. During MY3, no further encroachments
have occurred in these areas, and herbaceous and tree cover are doing well. These encroachments are
resolved and WLS will continue to monitor the easement in these areas in MY4. No additional
encroachments were noted during MY3.
Small populations of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) were noted within the easement during MY1 and
MY2. Larger privet was cut mechanically with a brush cutter, and smaller privet were treated with foliar
spray. See the table below for treatment information. The site will be monitored closely, and any invasive
plant species will be treated as needed. WLS staff made one visit to the site during MY3 to control
resprouts. No significant populations of invasive species are present in the project area. Any further
treatments will be documented and included in subsequent monitoring reports.
Invasive Species Herbicide Treatments
Monitoring Year Invasive
Targeted
Invasive
Treatment
Date Treatment
Conducted Herbicide Used
1 Privet Foliar 6/2/2021 Garlon 3A (3%)
2 Privet Foliar 4/20/2022 Rodeo (3%)
3 Privet Foliar 6/8/2023 Rodeo (3%)
4.5 Macrobenthic Sampling
One macrobenthic sampling location was surveyed prior to restoration activities on June 5th, 2020, on
MS-R2. Prior to restoration, the site scored “Fair” with a biotic index score of 6.83. This area was re-
surveyed in MY3 on March 29, 2023. MS-R2 scored “Poor” and had a biotic index score of 8.00. Benthic
data and photographs are located in Appendix F. It is expected to see a lower score during the initial years
of monitoring while macrobenthic invertebrates repopulate within the site. There are no performance
metrics for macrobenthic scoring.
Appendix A:
Visual Assessment Data
Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Photos: Cross-Section Photos
Photos: Stream Photo Points (Culvert Crossings, MS-R2)
Photos: Encroachment Areas and Additional Photos
MS‐R1
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 21 21 100%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
15 15 100%
Totals  
Major Channel Category Metric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐built
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage
% Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
Assessed Stream Length 1,538
Assessed Bank Length 3,072
Reach
MS‐R2
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 19 19 100%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
13 13 100%

Totals  
Major Channel Category Metric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐built
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage
% Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
Assessed Stream Length 1,337
Assessed Bank Length 2,674
Reach
R3
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 10 10 100%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
2 2 100%

Totals  
Major Channel Category Metric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐built
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage
% Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
Assessed Stream Length 676
Assessed Bank Length 1,352
Reach
R4
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 36 36 100%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
9 9 100%
Totals  
Major Channel Category Metric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐built
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage
% Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
Assessed Stream Length 499
Assessed Bank Length 998
Reach
R5
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 31 31 100%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
13 13 100%

Totals  
Major Channel Category Metric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐built
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage
% Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
Assessed Stream Length 771
Assessed Bank Length 1,542
Reach
Reach R6
Bank Surface Scour/Bare 
Bank
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting simply from poor growth 
and/or surface scour 0 100%
Toe Erosion
Bank toe eroding to the extent that bank failure appears likely.  
Does NOT include undercuts that are modest, appear sustainable 
and are providing habitat.
0 100%
Bank Failure Fluvial and geotechnical ‐ rotational, slumping, calving, or collapse 0 100%
0 100%
Structure Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting maintenance of grade across 
the sill. 26 27 96%
Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures extent of influence does not 
exceed 15%. (See guidance for this table in DMS monitoring 
guidance document) 
8 8 100%
Amount of 
Unstable 
Footage

Totals  
% Stable, 
Performing as 
IntendedMetric
Number Stable, 
Performing as 
Intended
Total Number in 
As‐builtMajor Channel Category
Visual Stream Stability Assessment Table
232
464Assessed Bank Length
Assessed Stream Length 
Planted acreage
Bare Areas Very limited cover of both woody and herbaceous material.0.10 acres 0.00 0.0%
Low Stem Density Areas Woody stem densities clearly below target levels based on current MY stem count criteria.0.10acres 0.00 0.0%
0.00 0.0%
Areas of Poor Growth Rates Planted areas where average height is not meeting current MY Performance Standard.0.10 acres 0.00 0.0%
0.00 0.0%
Easement Acreage
Invasive Areas of Concern
Invasives may occur outside of planted areas and within the easement and will therefore be 
calculated against the total easement acreage. Include species with the potential to directly 
outcompete native, young, woody stems in the short‐term or community structure for existing 
communities.  Species included in summation above should be identified in report summary.  
0.10 acres 0.00 0.0%
Easement Encroachment Areas
Encroachment may be point, line, or polygon. Encroachment to be mapped consists of any violation
of restrictions specified in the conservation easement. Common encroachments are mowing,
cattle access, vehicular access. Encroachment has no threshold value as will need to be addressed
regardless of impact area. 
Black with 
Green stripes
Visual Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
6.3
17.1
% of Planted 
Acreage
      Total
Cumulative Total
Vegetation Category Definitions
Mapping 
Threshold
Combined 
Acreage
0.0000
Combined 
Acreage
% of Easement 
AcreageVegetation Category Definitions
Mapping 
Threshold
R3 Lower, XS-1, Upstream (MY-00)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Downstream (MY-00)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Upstream (MY-03)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Downstream (MY-03)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Left Bank (MY-03)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Right Bank (MY-03)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Left Bank (MY-00)
R3 Lower, XS-1, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-2, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-2, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-2, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-2, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-2, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-2, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-2, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-2, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-3, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-3, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-3, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-3, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-3, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-3, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-3, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-3, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-4, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-4, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-4, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-4, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-4, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-4, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-4, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-4, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-5, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-5, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-5, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-5, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-5, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-5, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R1, XS-5, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R1, XS-5, Right Bank (MY-00)
R4, XS-6, Upstream (MY-00)
R4, XS-6, Downstream (MY-00)
R4, XS-6, Upstream (MY-03)
R4, XS-6, Downstream (MY-03)
R4, XS-6, Left Bank (MY-03)
R4, XS-6, Right Bank (MY-03)
R4, XS-6, Left Bank (MY-00)
R4, XS-6, Right Bank (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Upstream (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Downstream (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Upstream (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Downstream (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Left Bank (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Right Bank (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Left Bank (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-7, Right Bank (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Upstream (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Downstream (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Upstream (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Downstream (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Left Bank (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Right Bank (MY-03)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Left Bank (MY-00)
R5 Lower, XS-8, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-9, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-9, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-9, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-9, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-9, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-9, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-9, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-9, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-10, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-10, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-10, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-10, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-10, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-10, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-10, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-10, Right Bank (MY-00)
R6, XS-11, Upstream (MY-00)
R6, XS-11, Downstream (MY-00)
R6, XS-11, Upstream (MY-03)
R6, XS-11, Downstream (MY-03)
R6, XS-11, Left Bank (MY-03)
R6, XS-11, Right Bank (MY-03)
R6, XS-11, Left Bank (MY-00)
R6, XS-11, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-12, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-12, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-12, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-12, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-12, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-12, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-12, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-12, Right Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-13, Upstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-13, Downstream (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-13, Upstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-13, Downstream (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-13, Left Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-13, Right Bank (MY-03)
MS-R2, XS-13, Left Bank (MY-00)
MS-R2, XS-13, Right Bank (MY-00)
PS-1 – MS-R1 Culvert Crossing, Upstream (MY-00)
PS-1 – MS-R1 Culvert Crossing, Downstream (MY-00)
PS-1 – MS-R1 Culvert Crossing, Upstream (MY-03)
PS-1 – MS-R1 Culvert Crossing, Downstream (MY-03)
PS-2 – MS-R2 Culvert Crossing, Downstream (MY-00)
PS-2 – MS-R2 Culvert Crossing, Upstream (MY-00)
PS-2 – MS-R2 Culvert Crossing, Downstream (MY-03)
PS-2 – MS-R2 Culvert Crossing, Upstream (MY-03)
PS-3 – MS-R2, Downstream (MY-01)
PS-3 – MS-R2, Upstream (MY-01)PS-3 – MS-R2, Upstream (MY-03)
PS-3 – MS-R2, Downstream (MY-03)
Encroachment Area 1, MS-R2, Upstream of Culvert (MY-01)
Encroachment Area 2, MS-R2, Downstream of Culvert (MY-01)
8/11/2021
Encroachment Area 1, MS-R2, Upstream of Culvert (MY-03)
Encroachment Area 2, MS-R2, Downstream of Culvert (MY-03)
Encroachment Area 3, R6, East of BMP (MY-02)MS-R1, STA 15+00, BMP Overflow, Right Floodplain (MY-03)
MS-R1, STA 15+00, BMP Overflow, Right Floodplain (MY-03)SPA-1, R6, STA 12+90, Upstream (MY-03)
Appendix B:
Vegetation Plot Data
Final Plant List
Vegetation Performance Standards Summary Table
Vegetation Plot Counts and Densities Table
Photos: Vegetation Plot Photos
Species Common Name Stems % Planted Mitigation 
Plan %
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash 132 3.00%3%
Betula nigra River birch 440 10.00% 10%
Tilia americana Basswood 440 10.00% 10%
Quercus alba White oak 440 10.00% 10%
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore 440 10.00% 10%
Nyssa sylvatica Black gum 440 10.00% 10%
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar 440 10.00% 10%
Quercus rubra Northern red oak 440 10.00% 10%
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon 176 4.00%4%
Carpinus caroliniana Ironwood 176 4.00%4%
Hamemelis virginiana Witch hazel 176 4.00%4%
Asimina triloba Pawpaw 176 4.00% 4%
Lindera benzoin Spicebush 176 4.00% 4%
Alnus serulatta Tag Alder 132 3.00%3%
Corylus americana Hazelnut 176 4.00%4%
Total 4,400 100%
* There were no changes of the Final Plant list from the Mitigation Plan
Buffalo Creek Mitigation Project
Final Planting List
Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives
202 3 5 0 283 2 7 0 607 3 8 0
283 1 4 0 486 1 7 0 810 2 8 0
607 2 8 0 526 2 10 0 648 2 9 0
688 2 8 0 607 1 12 0 688 2 9 0
Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives
445 6 7 0 364 3 7 0 405 4 6 0
648 3 8 0 486 2 9 0 648 2 9 0
526 3 8 0 526 2 9 0 526 2 7 0
607 2 9 0 648 2 10 0 769 2 9 0
Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives Stems/Ac. Av. Ht. (ft) # Species % Invasives
324 2 5 0 405 5 6 0
324 2 3 0 526 2 4 0
364 1 7 0 364 2 8 0
*Each monitoring year represents a different plot for the random vegetation plot "groups". Random plots are denoted with an R, and fixed plots with an F.
Vegetation Performance Standards Summary Table
Monitoring Year 7
Monitoring Year 5
Monitoring Year 3
Monitoring Year 2
Monitoring Year 1
Monitoring Year 0
Monitoring Year 7
Monitoring Year 5
Monitoring Year 3
Monitoring Year 2
Monitoring Year 1
Monitoring Year 0
Monitoring Year 0
Veg Plot 1 F Veg Plot 2 F Veg Plot 3 F
Veg Plot 4 F Veg Plot 5 F Veg Plot 6 F
Veg Plot Group 1 R Veg Plot Group 2 R
Monitoring Year 7
Monitoring Year 5
Monitoring Year 3
Monitoring Year 2
Monitoring Year 1
6.34
2021‐03‐03
1/6/2022
NA 
2023‐09‐05
0.0247
Veg Plot 7 R Veg Plot 8 R
Planted Total Planted Total Planted Total Planted Total Planted Total Planted Total Total Total
Alnus serrulata hazel alder Tree FACW 1 1 33 1
Asimina triloba pawpaw Tree FAC 11
Betula nigra river birch Tree FACW 11111111111
Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam Tree FAC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cornus amomum silky dogwood Shrub FACW 1
Corylus americana American hazelnut Shrub FACU 1 1 1 1
Diospyros virginiana common persimmon Tree FAC 1111 1
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash Tree FACW 1 1 3 3 1 1 1
Hamamelis virginiana American witchhazel Tree FACU 1 1 1 1 1 1
Lindera benzoin northern spicebush Tree FACW 1 1
Liriodendron tulipifera tuliptree Tree FACU 1 1111 43
Nyssa sylvatica blackgum Tree FAC 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore Tree FACW 77221133 3
Quercus alba white oak Tree FACU 1 1 1 1 1
Quercus rubra northern red oak Tree FACU 1 1 1122 33
Sum Performance Standard 355714151111991010810
Acer rubrum red maple Tree FAC 1
Sum Proposed Standard 355714151111991010810
5 7 15 11 9 10 8 10
202 283 607 445 364 405 324 405
57877656
20 12 47 27 33 30 50 30
32363425
00000000
5 7 15 11 9 10 8 10
202 283 607 445 364 405 324 405
57877656
20 12 47 27 33 30 50 30
32363425
00000000
Planted Acreage
Date of Initial Plant
Date(s) of Supplemental Plant(s)
Date(s) Mowing
Vegetation Plot Counts and Densities Table
Date of Current Survey
Plot size (ACRES)
Scientific Name Common Name Tree/ Shrub Veg Plot 5 F Veg Plot 6 F
Species Included in 
Approved Mitigation 
Plan
Post Mitigation Plan 
Species
Indicator 
Status
Veg Plot 1 F Veg Plot 2 F Veg Plot 3 F Veg Plot 4 F
1). Bolded species are proposed for the current monitoring year, italicized species are not approved, and a regular font indicates that the species has been approved.
2). The "Species Included in Approved Mitigation Plan" section contains only those species that were included in the original approved mitigation plan. The "Post Mitigation Plan Species" section includes species that are being proposed through a mitigation plan addendum for the current monitoring year 
(bolded) , species that have been approved in prior monitoring years through a mitigation plan addendum (regular font), and species that are not approved (italicized).
3). The "Mitigation Plan Performance Standard" section is derived only from stems included in the original mitigation plan, whereas the "Post Mitigation Plan Performance Standard" includes data from mitigation plan approved, post mitigation plan approved, and proposed stems.
Mitigation Plan 
Performance 
Standard
Post Mitigation Plan 
Performance 
Standard
Current Year Stem Count
Current Year Stem Count
Stems/Acre
Stems/Acre
Species Count
Species Count
Dominant Species Composition (%)
Dominant Species Composition (%)
Average Plot Height (ft.)
Average Plot Height (ft.)
% Invasives
% Invasives
Fixed Veg Plot 1 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 2 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 1 (MY-03)
Fixed Veg Plot 2 (MY-03)
Fixed Veg Plot 3 (MY-03)
Fixed Veg Plot 4 (MY-03)
Fixed Veg Plot 3 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 4 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 5 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 6 (MY-00)
Fixed Veg Plot 5 (MY-03)
Fixed Veg Plot 6 (MY-03)
Random Veg Plot 7, Facing North (MY-03)
Random Veg Plot 8, Facing North (MY-03)
Random Veg Plot 7, Facing South (MY-03)
Random Veg Plot 8, Facing South (MY-03)

Appendix C:
Stream Geomorphology Data
MY2 Cross-Sections with Annual Overlays
Baseline Stream Data Summary Tables
Cross-Section Morphology Data

Distance Elevation Features
0 272.686 TLP
0.954987434 272.334
5.831199705 271.634
12.79170747 270.407
20.512 270.04 TLB, BKF
21.3178042 269.785
21.72236732 269.423
22.58695475 268.859
24.57804339 268.599 THW
25.97426228 268.789
27.46419591 269.524
28.93500537 270.119 TRB
37.02674105 269.552
49.00786538 269.619
50 269.578 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 269.76 269.75 269.76 270.00
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.03
Thalweg Elevation 268.18 268.45 268.38 268.60
LTOB Elevation 269.76 269.75 269.69 270.04
LTOB Max Depth 1.58 1.301 1.308 1.441
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 6.88 6.88 6.26 7.19
Distance Elevation Features
0 267.239 TLP
0.906824128 267.29
6.793587123 267.264
14.55419544 267.209
18.66812355 266.635 TLB, BKF
20.85639454 266.196
22.39015536 265.593
25.96927833 264.593 THW
28.324 264.849
30.0354823 265.746
31.25416972 266.48
36.22945245 266.804 TRB
44.06551052 266.791
49.05303702 266.849
50 266.781 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 266.51 266.46 266.47 266.66
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.01 0.97 0.99
Thalweg Elevation 264.61 264.59 264.37 264.59
LTOB Elevation 266.51 266.48 266.41 266.64
LTOB Max Depth 1.9 1.891 2.04 2.042
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 15.13 15.47 14.28 14.75
Distance Elevation Features
0 266.915 TLP
1.083849159 266.879
6.955232922 266.848
16.42257337 266.696 TLB
17.63624472 266.239
19.12853141 265.204
23.4313876 264.979
26.59117809 264.778 THW
28.04641674 265.246
30.28824567 266.249
31.054 266.505 TRB, BKF
34.85954231 266.816
44.36909673 266.633
50 266.413 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 266.54 266.41 266.50 266.43
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.03 1.02 1.04
Thalweg Elevation 265.08 264.64 265.02 264.78
LTOB Elevation 266.54 266.46 266.54 266.51
LTOB Max Depth 1.46 1.82 1.518 1.727
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 15.47 16.23 16.01 16.45
Distance Elevation Features
0 260.718 TLP
0.87370075 260.717
6.911582308 260.661
12.80169551 260.768 TLB, BKF
16.93017758 260.45
19.15010154 260.213
20.54599302 259.759
22.58726655 259.294
27.03227969 257.576 THW
30.13313143 259.57
30.91887042 260.577
33.82828292 260.873 TRB
38.43453011 260.747
45.29788168 260.748
49.08300172 261.045
50 260.944 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 260.58 260.64 260.59 260.79
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 0.95 0.99 0.99
Thalweg Elevation 257.83 257.75 257.50 257.58
LTOB Elevation 260.58 260.50 260.56 260.77
LTOB Max Depth 2.75 2.758 3.06 3.192
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 23.69 21.24 23.06 23.15
Distance Elevation Features
0 260.627 TLP
1.440228107 260.507
6.041330731 260.332
12.23651037 260.314
12.24144076 260.316
17.45564301 260.176 TLB
19.80099101 259.669
23.44107943 258.865
26.70878882 258.627 THW
29.05452078 258.874
31.56369386 259.136
33.90621338 259.939 TRB, BKF
39.59946804 260.084
49.02026851 259.94
50 260.074 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 259.95 259.94 259.90 259.96
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.98
Thalweg Elevation 258.52 258.50 258.49 258.63
LTOB Elevation 259.95 259.94 259.87 259.94
LTOB Max Depth 1.43 1.433 1.38 1.312
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 12.96 12.95 12.47 12.58
Distance Elevation Features
0 261.605 TLP
0.98480658 261.595
6.352087688 261.47
11.88742192 261.451
15.49331227 261.168
18.76593046 261.013
21.06016821 261.005
22.55117312 260.897 TLB
23.43241387 260.389
24.50142333 260.172 THW
25.16889416 260.272
26.17091301 260.375
26.73074821 260.478
28.37496828 260.807 TRB, BKF
33.5710111 260.477
39.0612727 260.29
45.21626975 260.11
49.02545887 259.917
50 259.977 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 260.86 260.84 260.89 260.81
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.05 0.97 0.99
Thalweg Elevation 260.34 260.22 260.18 260.17
LTOB Elevation 260.86 260.87 260.88 260.81
LTOB Max Depth 0.52 0.648 0.701 0.635
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 2.10 2.26 1.99 2.07
Distance Elevation Features
0 262.86 TLP
0.794660305 262.402
6.097618716 262.238
12.35568768 262.024
17.97549012 261.972 TLB
20.73662624 261.537
22.73394229 261.026
23.70771758 260.72 THW
24.51 260.765
25.83475372 261.1
28.80349897 261.945 TRB, BKF
32.5810591 261.822
40.09359731 261.544
43.451 260.629
49.3 260.475
50 260.657 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 261.95 261.85 261.90 261.96
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.01 1.01 0.99
Thalweg Elevation 260.54 260.50 260.68 260.72
LTOB Elevation 261.95 261.86 261.92 261.95
LTOB Max Depth 1.413 1.363 1.243 1.225
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 6.62 6.70 6.79 6.46
Distance Elevation Features
0 257.362 TLP
0.882020408 257.199
5.982373191 257.27
11.96893082 257.749
17.40265037 257.589 TLB, BKF
19.47175231 257.417
20.38473382 257.113
22.69922241 256.598
23.02470139 256.382
24.04837261 256.13 THW
24.59032983 256.4
25.59247741 256.448
27.9798356 257.108
31.7342702 257.757 TRB
35.86212661 257.819
41.52409202 258.627
48.70098093 258.631
50 258.941 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 257.59 257.54 257.54 257.59
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.02 0.99 1.00
Thalweg Elevation 256.11 256.14 256.07 256.13
LTOB Elevation 257.59 257.56 257.53 257.59
LTOB Max Depth 1.479 1.428 1.456 1.459
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 8.35 8.61 8.22 8.38
Distance Elevation Features
0 254.58 TLP
1.098194883 254.333
6.381539391 254.52
11.51488276 254.69
16.61566818 254.439 TLB, BKF
18.34454003 254.042
19.58403023 253.644
20.06333375 253.214
22.79397508 252.574 THW
27.28445735 253.053
28.29300977 253.448
29.83480995 254.074
31.22804304 254.566 TRB
35.99838903 255.046
39.95177529 254.77
48.9199698 255.222
50 255.384 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 254.44 254.43 254.67 254.47
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.98
Thalweg Elevation 252.66 252.52 252.85 252.57
LTOB Elevation 254.44 254.36 254.56 254.44
LTOB Max Depth 1.776 1.838 1.713 1.865
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 15.98 15.00 14.29 15.52
Distance Elevation Features
0 254.46 TLP
1.033705954 254.316
6.332753351 254.457
11.94612774 254.385
17.47839792 254.175 TLB, BKF
18.61421524 253.645
20.67821146 253.049
21.835131 252.178
24.51036226 250.719 THW
24.53890317 250.714
29.19796591 252.695
30.46541439 253.892
31.43207597 254.342 TRB
36.33260476 254.499
43.50130399 255.539
48.54742132 255.958
50 256.241 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 254.21 254.34 254.14 254.27
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 0.95 0.96 0.97
Thalweg Elevation 251.29 251.10 250.29 250.72
LTOB Elevation 254.21 254.17 254.01 254.18
LTOB Max Depth 2.923 3.072 3.715 3.456
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 25.22 22.39 23.52 23.88
Distance Elevation Features
0 253.33 TLP
0.543894291 253.239
5.151936044 252.995
11.43324998 253.021
18.36718928 253.02 TLB, BKF
19.19087851 252.758
20.38184763 252.279
21.6835789 252.062
23.39838841 251.534 THW
26.22383969 251.648
26.9591796 252.013
28.74437431 252.392
30.80377884 252.963 TRB
36.54719441 253.311
42.12507745 253.693
48.62682672 253.97
50 254.493 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 253.11 253.05 253.13 253.05
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.01 0.96 0.94
Thalweg Elevation 251.46 251.42 251.53 251.53
LTOB Elevation 253.11 253.07 253.07 252.96
LTOB Max Depth 1.651 1.656 1.533 1.429
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 11.39 11.65 10.59 10.28
Distance Elevation Features
0 252.05 TLP
0.971853898 251.621
5.971770675 251.607
11.97973627 251.836
17.77952376 251.485 TLB
18.76292336 251.313
20.69449415 250.682
22.30505559 249.903
24.31151984 249.716
25.76638822 249.681 THW
27.22076731 249.759
29.10114764 250.066
31.34078278 250.745
33.23880798 251.401 TRB, BKF
34.42921933 251.491
39.71295513 251.782
45.24125485 251.691
49.46263206 251.696
50 252.054 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 251.51 251.55 251.51 251.39
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01
Thalweg Elevation 249.79 249.72 249.80 249.68
LTOB Elevation 251.51 251.57 251.55 251.40
LTOB Max Depth 1.729 1.852 1.758 1.72
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 16.19 16.47 16.84 16.35
Distance Elevation Features
0 251.26 TLP
0.918313672 251.271
6.016576103 251.376
11.87705338 251.482
16.04552352 251.273
17.03575798 251.196 TLB
17.26643223 251.185
17.7650539 250.414
18.2388274 250.249
20.32559975 247.92
21.15051115 245.902 THW
24.88938523 246.447
26.71201445 248.249
28.5932321 249.169
29.74028705 250.439
33.72 250.823 TRB, BKF
36.93110214 251.189
42.75604702 251.428
48.92489715 251.692
50 251.977 TRP
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY4 MY5 MY6 MY7
Bankfull Elevation - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 251.18 250.68 250.68 250.96
Bank Height Ratio - Based on As-Built Bankfull Area 0.96 1.06 1.05 0.97
Thalweg Elevation 247.57 245.52 245.47 245.90
LTOB Elevation 251.05 251.01 250.93 250.82
LTOB Max Depth 3.48 5.49 5.459 4.921
LTOB Cross Sectional Area 35.73 45.44 43.28 36.76
Parameter Parameter
Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n
Bankfull Width (ft)10.6 1.0 14.0 15.1 2.0 Bankfull Width (ft)7.1 1.0 5.5 8.3 1.0
Floodprone Width (ft)12.5 1.0 65.0 80.0 80.0 2.0 Floodprone Width (ft)22.0 1.0 20.0 25.0 43.0 1.0
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)1.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 2.0 Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)0.5 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.8 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.0 Bankfull Max Depth (ft)0.8 1.0 0.5 1.6 1.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)17.2 1.0 16.5 16.2 2.0 Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)3.7 1.0 2.1 6.9 1.0
Width/Depth Ratio 6.6 1.0 11.9 14.1 2.0 Width/Depth Ratio 13.6 1.0 14.2 10.0 1.0
Entrenchment Ratio 1.2 1.0 4.6 5.7 3.3 2.0 Entrenchment Ratio 3.1 1.0 3.6 4.6 5.2 1.0
Bank Height Ratio 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 Bank Height Ratio 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
Sinuosity (ft)Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
 Other  Other
Parameter Parameter
Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n
Bankfull Width (ft)10.2 1.0 14.5 14.7 2.0 Bankfull Width (ft)0.0 5.5 5.4 1.0
Floodprone Width (ft)51.9 1.0 60.0 90.0 90.0 2.0 Floodprone Width (ft)0.0 10.0 15.0 35.0 1.0
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)1.6 1.0 1.2 1.1 2.0 Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)0.0 0.4 0.4 1.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)2.3 1.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 Bankfull Max Depth (ft)0.0 0.6 0.9 1.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)16.1 1.0 18.0 16.1 2.0 Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)0.0 2.3 2.2 1.0
Width/Depth Ratio 6.4 1.0 11.7 13.4 2.0 Width/Depth Ratio 0.0 12.9 13.6 1.0
Entrenchment Ratio 5.1 1.0 4.1 6.2 3.4 2.0 Entrenchment Ratio 0.0 1.8 2.7 9.2 1.0
Bank Height Ratio 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 Bank Height Ratio 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
Sinuosity (ft)Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
 Other  Other
0.0371 0.038 0.034
10.0 10.0 10.0
1.07 1.05 1.09
138 120
G5c/C5 B4 B4
 Baseline Stream Data Summary 
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: R4
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable) Design
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)
0.0362 0.0363 0.0289
12.0 12.0 12.0
1.12 1.13 1.14
156 125 168
G5 B4 B4
 Baseline Stream Data Summary 
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: R3 (lower)
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable) Design
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)
0.0045 0.0052 0.0059
75.0 75.0 75.0
1.26 1.11 1.11
69 69 71
G4c/Incised E4 C4 C4
 Baseline Stream Data Summary 
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: MS‐R2
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable) Design
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)
 Baseline Stream Data Summary (Data Collected May 2021)
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: MS‐R1 
1.19
0.0058 0.0065 0.0078
1.36 1.22
70.070.0
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable)
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)Design
70.0
C4G4cC4
877984
Parameter
Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n
Bankfull Width (ft)2.8 1.0 5.0 9.5 2.0
Floodprone Width (ft)26.2 1.0 10.0 25.0 25.0 2.0
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)0.8 1.0 0.3 0.7 2.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)1.0 1.0 0.5 1.4 2.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2.1 1.0 1.7 6.6 2.0
Width/Depth Ratio 3.7 1.0 14.8 13.7 2.0
Entrenchment Ratio 9.3 1.0 2.0 5.0 5.3 2.0
Bank Height Ratio 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
 Other
Parameter
Riffle Only Min Mean Med Max n Min Max Min Max n
Bankfull Width (ft)4.2 1.0 6.0 12.0 1.0
Floodprone Width (ft)7.9 1.0 25.0 30.0 50.0 1.0
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft)0.5 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft)0.8 1.0 0.6 1.7 1.0
Bankfull Cross Sectional Area (ft2)2.1 1.0 2.2 11.4 1.0
Width/Depth Ratio 8.2 1.0 16.4 12.6 1.0
Entrenchment Ratio 1.9 1.0 4.2 5.0 4.2 1.0
Bank Height Ratio 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Max part size (mm) mobilized at bankfull
Rosgen Classification
Bankfull Discharge (cfs)
Sinuosity (ft)
Water Surface Slope (Channel) (ft/ft)
 Other
0.0566 0.0574 0.042
12.0 12.0 12.0
1.13 1.11 1.10
199 171 262
B5a B4 B4
 Baseline Stream Data Summary 
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: R6
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable) Design
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)
0.0275 0.0287 0.0361
7.0 7.0 7.0
1.14 1.10 1.07
134 96 195
E5b B4 B4
 Baseline Stream Data Summary 
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: R5
Pre‐Existing Condition (applicable) Design
Monitoring Baseline 
(MY0)
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) ‐ Based on AB‐Bankfull1 Area 269.76 269.75 269.76 270.00 266.51 266.46 266.47 266.66 266.54 266.41 266.50 266.43 260.58 260.64 260.59 260.79
Bank Height Ratio_Based on AB Bankfull1 Area 1.00 1.00 0.95 1.03 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.00 1.03 1.02 1.04 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Thalweg Elevation 268.18 268.45 268.38 268.60 264.61 264.59 264.37 264.59 265.08 264.64 265.02 264.78 257.83 257.75 257.50 257.58
LTOB2 Elevation 269.76 269.75 269.69 270.04 266.51 266.48 266.41 266.64 266.54 266.46 266.54 266.51 260.58 260.50 260.56 260.77
LTOB2 Max Depth (ft)1.58 1.30 1.31 1.44 1.90 1.89 2.04 2.04 1.46 1.82 1.52 1.73 2.75 2.76 3.06 3.19
LTOB2 Cross Sectional Area (ft2)6.88 6.88 6.26 7.19 15.14 15.47 14.28 14.75 15.47 16.23 16.01 16.45 23.68 21.25 23.06 23.15
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) ‐ Based on AB‐Bankfull1 Area 259.95 259.94 259.90 259.96 260.86 260.84 260.89 260.81 261.95 261.85 261.90 261.96 257.59 257.54 257.54 257.59
Bank Height Ratio_Based on AB Bankfull1 Area 1.00 1.00 0.97 0.98 1.00 1.05 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.01 0.99 1.00 1.02 0.99 1.00
Thalweg Elevation 258.52 258.50 258.49 258.63 260.34 260.22 260.18 260.17 260.54 260.50 260.68 260.72 256.11 256.14 256.07 256.13
LTOB2 Elevation 259.95 259.94 259.87 259.94 260.86 260.87 260.88 260.81 261.95 261.86 261.92 261.95 257.59 257.56 257.53 257.59
LTOB2 Max Depth (ft)1.43 1.43 1.38 1.31 0.52 0.65 0.70 0.64 1.41 1.36 1.24 1.23 1.48 1.43 1.46 1.46
LTOB2 Cross Sectional Area (ft2)12.96 12.95 12.47 12.58 2.10 2.26 1.99 2.07 6.62 6.70 6.79 6.46 8.35 8.61 8.22 8.38
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+ MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) ‐ Based on AB‐Bankfull1 Area 254.44 254.43 254.67 254.47 254.21 254.34 254.14 254.27 253.11 253.05 253.13 253.05 251.51 251.55 251.51 251.39
Bank Height Ratio_Based on AB Bankfull1 Area 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.98 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1.00 1.01 0.96 0.94 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.01
Thalweg Elevation 252.66 252.52 252.85 252.57 251.29 251.10 250.29 250.72 251.46 251.42 251.53 251.53 249.79 249.72 249.80 249.68
LTOB2 Elevation 254.44 254.36 254.56 254.44 254.21 254.17 254.01 254.18 253.11 253.07 253.07 252.96 251.51 251.57 251.55 251.40
LTOB2 Max Depth (ft)1.78 1.84 1.71 1.87 2.92 3.07 3.72 3.46 1.65 1.66 1.53 1.43 1.73 1.85 1.76 1.72
LTOB2 Cross Sectional Area (ft2)15.98 15.00 14.29 15.52 25.22 22.39 23.52 23.88 11.39 11.65 10.59 10.28 16.19 16.47 16.84 16.35
MY0 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 MY+
Bankfull Elevation (ft) ‐ Based on AB‐Bankfull1 Area 251.18 250.68 250.68 250.96 250.96
Bank Height Ratio_Based on AB Bankfull1 Area N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Thalweg Elevation 247.57 245.52 245.47 245.90 254.90
LTOB2 Elevation 251.05 251.01 250.93 250.82 250.82
LTOB2 Max Depth (ft)3.48 5.49 5.46 4.92 4.92  
LTOB2 Cross Sectional Area (ft2)35.74 45.43 43.28 36.76 36.76
Note: The smaller the channel the closer the survey measurements are to their limit of reliable detection, therefore inter‐annual variation in morphological measurement (as a percentage) is by default magnified as channel size decereases.  Some of the variability above is the result of this factor and some is due to the large amount of depositional sediments observed.      
Cross‐Section 12 (Riffle ‐ MS‐R2)
Cross‐Section 13 (Pool ‐ MS‐R2)
Cross‐Section 8 (Riffle ‐ R5 lower)Cross‐Section 5 (Riffle ‐ MS‐R1) Cross‐Section 6 (Riffle ‐ R4) Cross‐Section 7 (Riffle ‐ R5 lower)
Cross‐Section 9 (Riffle ‐ MS‐R2) Cross‐Section 10 (Pool ‐ MS‐R2) Cross‐Section 11 (Riffle ‐ R6)
  Monitoring Data ‐ Cross Section Morphology Monitoring Summary
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project, DMS Project #100042  
Cross‐Section 1 (Riffle ‐ R3 lower) Cross‐Section 2 (Pool ‐ MS‐R1) Cross‐Section 3 (Riffle ‐ MS‐R1) Cross‐Section 4 (Pool ‐ MS‐R1)
The above morphology parameters reflect the 2018 guidance that arose from the mitigation technical workgroup consisting of DMS, the IRT and industry mitigation providers/practitioners.  The 
outcome resulted in the focus on three primary morphological parameters of interest for the purposes of tracking channel change moving forward. They are the bank height ratio using a constant 
As‐built bankfull area and the cross sectional area and max depth based on each years low top of bank.  These are calculated as follows:
1 ‐BankHeight Ratio (BHR) takes the As‐built bankful area as the basis for adjusting each subsequent years bankfull elevation.  For example if the As‐built bankfull area was 10 ft2, then the MY1 
bankfull elevation would be adjusted until the calculated bankfull area within the MY1 cross section survey = 10 ft2.  The BHR would then be calculated with the difference between the low top of 
bank (LTOB) elevation for MY1 and the thalweg elevation for MY1 in the numerator with the difference between the MY1 bankfullelevation and the MY1 thalweg elevation in the denominator.  
This same process is then carried out in each successive year.
2  ‐LTOB Area and Max depth ‐These are based on the LTOB elevation for each years survey (The same elevation used for the LTOB in the BHR calculation).  Area below the LTOB elevation will be 
used and tracked for each year as above.  The difference between the LTOB elevation and the thalweg elevation (same as in the BHR calculation) will be recroded and tracked above as LTOB max 
depth.       

Appendix D:
Hydrologic Data
Verification of Bankfull Events
Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Installation Diagrams
Flow Gauge and Crest Gauge Graphs
Wetland Hydrology Criteria and Hydrographs
Rainfall Data Table

Monitoring 
Year Date of Collection Date of Occurrence Method Photos
Measurement 
above bankfull 
(feet)
5/26/2021 3/28/2021 Pressure Transducer No 0.011
7/13/2021 6/10/2021 Pressure Transducer No 1.066
7/13/2021 7/8/2021 Pressure Transducer No 0.110
7/13/2021 unknown Visual Wrack Lines Yes N/A
11/9/2021 10/25/2021 Pressure Transducer No 0.27
11/9/2021 unknown Cork Crest Gauge Yes 0.400
11/9/2021 unknown Sediment Deposition Yes N/A
4/8/2022 1/3/2022 Pressure Transducer No 0.31
4/8/2022 1/16/2022 Pressure Transducer No 0.245
4/8/2022 3/24/2022 Pressure Transducer No 0.855
8/24/2022 7/9/2022 Pressure Transducer No 0.726
8/24/2022 8/12/2022 Pressure Transducer No 0.945
6/9/2023 4/8/2023 ‐ 4/9/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.198
6/9/2023 4/14/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.689
6/9/2023 4/21/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.487
6/9/2023 4/30/2023 Pressure Transducer No 1.073
6/9/2023 5/16/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.546
9/5/2023 6/21/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.109
9/5/2023 7/13/2023 Pressure Transducer No 1.375
9/5/2023 8/14/2023 Pressure Transducer No 0.579
Verification of Bankfull Events ‐ MS‐R2
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project
MY1
MY2
MY3
FLOW GAUGE #1 - R4
Flow Depth = 0.21 feet
*All elevations relative to sensor depth
FLOW
RIFFLE
POOL
RIFFLE
BASEFLOW SE
N
S
O
R

L
E
N
G
T
H

=

5
.
5
3
ELEVATION OF DOWN
STREAM RIFFLE = 0.24
FLOW GAUGE #2 - R6
Flow Depth = 0.13 feet
*All elevations relative to sensor depth
FLOW
RIFFLE
POOL
RIFFLE
BASEFLOW SE
N
S
O
R

LE
N
G
T
H
=

4
.
9
4
ELEVATION OF DOWN
STREAM RIFFLE = 0.13
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF STREAM
PRESSURE
TRANSDUCER
SE
N
S
O
R

L
E
N
G
T
H

=

5.
5
4
CORK GAUGE
1.81 =
BANKFULL
DEPTH
Crest Gauge CG-1 (MS - R2)
Bankfull Event Depth = 1.81
*All elevations relative to sensor depth
Flow Gauge Graphs
*FG-1: 166 Cumulative days of flow, 82 days of no flow

*FG-2: 194 Cumulative days of flow, 54 days of no flow
0
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Da
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a
m

D
e
p
t
h

(
f
e
e
t
)
Buffalo Creek Tributaries FG-1 (R4)
Rainfall Stream Depth Downstream Riffle
Maximum Days of Consecutive Flow
67 days (January 1 - March 8) 9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
0
0.5
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Da
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m

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h

(
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e
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t
)
Buffalo Creek Tributaries FG-2 (R6)
Daily Rainfall Stream Depth Downstream Riffle
Maximum Days of Consecutive Flow
165 days (January 1 - June 14)9/5/2023
End MY3 Data
Crest Gauge Graph
*CG-1: 8 bankfull events in MY3 with a maximum of 1.375’ above bankfull

0
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries CG-1 (MS-R2)
Rainfall Stream Max Depth Bankfull Depth
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Monitoring Gauge Name 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Mean
Groundwater Gauge 1 (W1)2.20% 10.13% 6.14%6.16%
Groundwater Gauge 2 (W1)17.62%10.57%16.23%14.81%
Groundwater Gauge 3 (W1)21.15% 32.16% 39.47%30.93%
Groundwater Gauge 4 (W2)16.74% 26.00% 36.40%26.38%
Groundwater Gauge 5 (W2)72.69% 37.44% 63.60%57.91%
Groundwater Gauge 6 (W2)55.07% 22.47% 35.96%37.83%
Groundwater Gauge 7 (W3)12.33%4.85%24.12%13.77%
Groundwater Gauge 8 (W3)**21.93%21.93%
Max Consecutive Hydroperiod
Saturation within 12 Inches of Soil Surface (Percent of Growing Season 3/21-11/3)
CRONOS Station:Clayton (CLAY)
*GW‐8 was installed in W3 prior to MY3 to better monitor W3 Hydrology
Groundwater Gauge Graphs

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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-1 (W1)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Not Met
14 days, 6.14% of Growing Season
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-2 (W1)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
37 days, 16.23% of Growing Season

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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-3 (W1)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
90 days, 39.47% of Growing Season
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-4 (W2)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
83 days, 36.4% of Growing Season

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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-5 (W2)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
145 days, 63.6% of Growing Season
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-6 (W2)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met:
82 days, 35.96% of Growing Season
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-7 (W3)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
55 days, 24.12% of Growing Season
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Buffalo Creek Tributaries GW-8 (W3)
Daily Rainfall Groundwater Depth Ground Level 12" Below Surface Growing Season
9/5/2023
End of MY3 Data
Hydrology Criteria Met
50 days, 21.93% of Growing Season
Oct-2022 Nov-2022 Dec-2022 Jan-2023 Feb-2023 Mar-2023 Apr-2023 May-2023 Jun-2023 Jul-2023 Aug-2023 Sep-2023 Oct-2023 Nov-2023 Dec-2023
Observed Rainfall 2.28 3.53 3.08 3.04 3.15 2.78 9.56 3.05 2.80 4.47 5.05 4.34 1.74 2.64 **
WETS 30th Percentile 2.08 2.05 2.57 2.72 2.26 3.23 2.16 2.65 2.41 3.88 3.17 2.93 2.08 2.05 2.57
WETS 70th Percentile 4.08 4.23 5.54 4.62 4.09 5.03 4.20 4.58 5.00 6.36 6.03 6.12 4.08 4.23 5.54
Normal NNNNNLHNNNNNLN**
*30th and 70th Percentile data collected from WETS Station : Johnston County
**Incomplete month of data
Rainfall Summary Table
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Oct-22 Nov-22 Dec-22 Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23 Apr-23 May-23 Jun-23 Jul-23 Aug-23 Sep-23 Oct-23 Nov-23 Dec-23
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Observed Rainfall WETS 30th Percentile WETS 70th Percentile
Buffalo Creek Mitigation Site
Rainfall Data

Appendix E:
Project Timeline and Contact
Info

Project Instituted NA 1/2/2018
Mitigation Plan Approved NA 6/29/2020
Construction (Grading) Completed NA 4/22/2021
Planting Completed NA 4/26/2021
As‐built Survey Completed NA 6/16/2021
MY‐0 Baseline Report 05/04/21 6/17/2021
Encroachment 1 & 2 Documented N/A 8/11/2021
MY1 Monitoring Report 11/09/21 11/24/2021
Encroachment 1 & 2 Planting N/A 1/6/2022
Encroachment 3 Documented N/A 8/18/2022
MY2 Monitoring Report 09/16/22 11/30/2022
    Invasive Treatment N/A 6/8/2023
MY3 Monitoring Report 09/05/23 12/29/2023
Provider 7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 
130
Water & Land Solutions, LLC Raleigh, NC 27615
Mitigation Provider POC: Leah Farr (919)971 ‐ 4575
Designer 7721 Six Forks Road, Suite 
130
Water & Land Solutions, LLC Raleigh, NC 27615
Primary project design POC: Christopher Tomsic (828)493‐3287
Construction Contractor 114 W. Main Street
Providence Construction Services, LLC Clayton, NC 27520
Primary Construction POC: Mike Rouse (919)805‐6324
Buffalo Creek Tributaries Mitigation Project: DMS #100042
Data Collection Complete
Task Completion or 
Deliverable SubmissionActivity or Deliverable
Appendix F:
MY3 Benthic Data
Macrobenthic Sampling Data
Monitoring Year MY0 MY3
Biotic Index Score 6.83 8.00
Water Quality Level Fair Poor
MY3 - View Upstream
MY3 - View Downstream
MS-R2 - Buffalo Creek Mitigation Site
Taxa / Biotic Index Value MS-R2 Taxa / Biotic Index Value MS-R2
EPHEMEROPTERA EPHEMEROPTERA
Family Heptageniidae Family Baetidae
Maccaffertium modestum (5.7)R Baetis intercalaris (1.5)R
TRICHOPTERA TRICHOPTERA
Family Hydropsychidae Family Hydroptilidae
Cheumatopsyche spp (6.6)A Tropisternus spp (9.3)R
Hydropsyche betteni (7.9)A ODONATA
Family Philopotamidae Family Aeshnidae
Chimarra spp (3.3)R Boyeria vinosa (5.8)R
COLEOPTERA Family Coenagrionidae
Family Elmidae Enallagma spp (8.5)C
Macronychus glabratus (4.7)R Family Libellulidae
ODONATA Perithemis spp (9.4)C
Family Aeshnidae COLEOPTERA
Boyeria vinosa (5.6)R Family Haliplidae
Family Calopterygidae Peltodytes spp (8.4)R
Calopteryx spp (7.5)C DIPTERA; CHIRONOMIDAE
Family Cordulegastridae no genus specified (7.2)R
Cordulegaster spp (5.7)C GASTROPODA
OLIGOCHAETA Family Lymnaeidae R
Family Naididae
Pristina spp (7.7)R Total Taxa Richness 8
MEGALOPTERA EPT Taxa Richness 2
Family Corydalidae EPT Abundance 2
Nigronia serricornis (4.6)C Biotic Index 8.00
Total Taxa Richness 10
EPT Taxa Richness 4
EPT Abundance 22
Biotic Index 6.83
Pre-Construction 2020
Key
R = Rare, C = Common, A = Abundant
MY3 2023
Biotic Index Data and Scores