20170887 Ver 1_Bethel Branch Monitoring Year 5 Report_20231218

MONITORING YEAR 5 REPORT CANE CREEK UMBRELLA MITIGATION BANK
BETHEL BRANCH MITIGATION SITE
Chatham County, NC
Cape Fear River Basin
HUC 03030002
USACE Action ID Number 2016-02365
NCDWR ID Number 2017-0887 v1
Data Collection Period: January - November
2023 Submission Date: December 18, 2023
PREPARED FOR:
The North Carolina Interagency Review Team (IRT)
USACE Project Manager: Kimberly Isenhour
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27587
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.  phone [phone]  312 West Millbrook Road, Suite 225  Raleigh, NC 27609
December 18, 2023
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Wilmington District, Regulatory Division
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, NC 27587
Attention: Kimberly Isenhour
Subject: Action ID No. SAW-2016-02365
Cane Creek Umbrella Mitigation Bank – Bethel Branch Site
Seventh Credit Release (Monitoring Year 5 Completion)
Dear Ms. Isenhour:
This correspondence is in reference to the Bethel Branch Mitigation Site, part of the Cane Creek Umbrella Mitigation
Bank. The 16.30-acre site is in the Cape Fear 02 Cataloging Unit (03030002) and is located at 227 RE Wright Road,
near Snow Camp, in Chatham County, NC. The purpose of this letter is to request the seventh release of credits (Year
5 Monitoring Complete) for this mitigation site.
Monitoring Year 5 (MY5) data collection and site visits were completed in November 2023. All vegetation plots
exceeded MY5 interim success criterion of 260 stems per acre on an individual basis. Herbaceous vegetation and
planted trees are healthy and growing well in the area where the pond was removed. Sporadic, re-occurring invasive
vegetation received follow up treatments with various forms of herbicide application. The fence post easement
encroachment was resolved in MY4 and no new easement encroachment or stream crossing issues have been
identified in MY5. The Bethel Branch Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel closed out with no contingencies in November
2023. At the closeout site walk, NCDWR requested two trees be removed from the fence line and soil amendments be
added to any trees shorter than expected along the downstream end of UT3. The trees have been removed and soil
amendments will be added where necessary in MY6.
All project streams are stable and functioning as designed and fall within the appropriate stream type parameters.
Bank pins show minor scour on the downstream end of UT3 but are stable. This area will be monitored for signs of
instability. Bankfull events were recorded on all three tributaries and the flow gauge on UT3 showed 95 consecutive
and 158 total days of surface water flow. All six groundwater gauges met the success criterion. Overall, the Site is
exceeding performance standards and on track to meet MY7 success criteria.
Pursuant to the Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument and the site-specific Bethel Branch Final Mitigation Plan,
successful completion of MY5 activities and demonstration that interim performance standards are being met within
the bank allows for ten percent (10%) of the mitigation site’s total stream and fifteen percent (15%) of the total
wetland credits to be available for sale. Therefore, we are requesting 520.20 stream credits and 0.471 riparian
wetland credits be released.
Please contact me at 919-851-9986 x103 if you have any questions.
Thank you,
Jeff Keaton
Project Manager
Type Jurisdiction Date Permittee Project Name Credits Permits
(SAW #)
Credit
Classification
Impact
HUC
Impact
Quantity
Total
Withdrawn Available Comments
SMU 10/21/2019 780.30 Warm 780.30 Release 1. Bank Establishment. 15%
SMU 10/21/2019 780.30 Warm 1,560.60 Release 2. As-built Release. 15%
SMU 2/25/2020 520.20 Warm 2,080.80 Release 3. Year 1 Monitoring Release. 10%
SMU 1/28/2021 520.20 Warm 2,601.00 Release 4. Year 2 Monitoring Release. 10%
SMU Wake County 6/4/2021 Duke University Health System, Inc.Green Level Mixed-Use Destination Center 6.00 SAW-2017-00446 Warm 03030002 6.00 6.00 2,595.00
SMU Wake County 2/15/2022 Epcon Communities, Inc.The Courtyards at Southerland residential development 56.00 SAW-2021-01617 Warm 03030002 342.00 56.00 2,539.00
SMU 3/18/2022 520.20 Warm 3,059.20 Release 5. Year 3 Monitoring Release. 10%
SMU Chatham County 5/23/2022 Chatham Park Investors Chatham Park North Village 446.00 SAW-2020-00746 Warm 03030002 446.00 446.00 2,613.20
SMU 1/20/2023 780.30 Warm 3,393.50 Release 6. Year 4 Monitoring Release & Bankfull. 15%
SMU Orange County 3/3/2023 Greenpointe, LLC Buckhorn Business Centre 88.00 SAW-2019-02199 Warm 03030002 44.00 88.00 3,305.50
SMU Chatham County 3/24/2023 The Rexford Group LLC, Rexford D’Aprix Corbett Landing Subdivision 338.00 SAW-2021-00686 Warm 03030002 169.00 138.00 3,167.50
Please note that 138 Credits were debited from this
bank (Bethel Branch) and the remaining 200 Credits
were debited from the UT to Pine Hill bank
3,901.50 734.00 3,167.50

Cane Creek Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument: Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Cape Fear (HUC 03030002)
Stream Credit Ledger
Date Last Updated: 12-14-2023
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2016-02365
Total Credits Released To Date: 3,901.50
Type Jurisdiction Date Permittee Project Name Credits Permits
(SAW #)Credit Classification Impact
HUC
Impact
Quantity
Total
Withdrawn Available Comments
WMU 10/21/2019 0.471 riparian riverine 0.471 Release 1. Bank Establishment (15%). Release letter
incorrectly showed the release as 0.47
WMU 10/21/2019 0.471 riparian riverine 0.942 Release 2. As-built Release (15%). Release letter incorectly
showd the relase as 0.47
WMU 2/25/2020 0.314 riparian riverine 1.256 Release 3. Year 1 Monitoring Release (10%). Release letter
correctly showed the total release as 1.256
WMU Guilford County 4/27/2020 Piedmont Natural Gas PNG Gas Line Project 0.132 SAW-2018-02075 riparian riverine 03030002 0.066 0.132 1.124
WMU Wake County 5/11/2020 Dan Ryan Builders Linden - Lot 22 0.010 SAW-2016-1993 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.004 0.010 1.114
WMU Guilford County 5/14/2020 Goria Youngs Mill, LLC McConnell Center Lot 9 0.200 SAW-2018-02038 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.100 0.200 0.914
WMU Wake County 5/28/2020 Epcon Holt Road LLC Courtyards at Holt 0.910 SAW-2018-01551 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.480 0.910 0.004 Partial sale. Needed 0.96 credits
WMU 1/28/2021 0.314 riparian riverine 0.318 Release 4. Year 2 Monitoring (10%)
WMU Wake County 4/29/2021 Epcon Holt Road LLC Courtyards at Holt 0.05 SAW-2018-01551 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.480 0.050 0.268 Completed 0.96 credits needed from 5-28-20
WMU Wake County 6/4/2021 Duke University Health System, Inc.Green Level Mixed-Use Destination Center 0.16 SAW-2017-00446 riparian riverine 03030002 0.151 0.160 0.108
WMU Wake County 6/10/2021 Envision Homes, LLC The Park of Wimberly 0.10 SAW-2019-02348 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.130 0.100 0.008
WMU 3/18/2022 0.471 riparian riverine 0.479 Release 5. Year 3 Monitoring (15%)
WMU Chatham County 5/23/2022 Chatham Park Investors Chatham Park North Village 0.051 SAW-2020-00746 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.051 0.051 0.428
WMU Wake County 11/29/2022 WP East Acquisitions, LLC Carpenter Fire Station Apartments 0.296 SAW-2019-01283 Riparain non-riverine 03030002 0.296 0.296 0.132
WMU 1/20/2023 0.157 riparain riverine 0.289 Release 5. Year 4 Monitoring (5%)
WMU Wake County 2/7/2023 Pulte Home Company, LLC Huxley 0.240 SAW-2020-01905 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.139 0.240 0.049
WMU Orange County 2/22/2023 Greenpointe, LLC Buckhorn Business Centre 0.040 SAW-2019-02199 riparian non-riverine 03030002 0.040 0.040 0.009
2.198 2.189 0.009

Cane Creek Umbrella Mitigation Banking Instrument: Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Cape Fear (HUC 03030002)
Riparian Wetland Credit Ledger
Date Last Updated: 12-14-2023
USACE Action ID No. SAW-2016-02365
Total Credits Released To Date: 2.198
Project Name:
Sponsor Name:
USACE Action ID:
NCDWQ Action ID:
Non-Forested
Wetland
Credits
Warm
Water
Cool
Water
Cold
Water
Riparian
Riverine
Riparian
Non-Riverine Non-Riparian Coastal
5,228 N/A N/A 3.107 N/A N/A N/A
5,202 N/A N/A 3.14 N/A N/A N/A
Scheduled
Releases
Warm
Water
Cool
Water
Cold
Water
Scheduled
Releases
Riparian
Riverine
Riparian
Non-Riverine Non-Riparian Scheduled
Releases Coastal
1 (Bank/Site Establishment)1, 2 15%780.30 N/A N/A 15%0.471 N/A N/A 15%N/A 10/21/2019
2 (Year 0/As-Built)3 15%780.30 N/A N/A 15%0.471 N/A N/A 15%N/A 10/21/2019
3 (Year 1 Monitoring)10%520.20 N/A N/A 10%0.314 N/A N/A 10%N/A 2/25/2020
4 (Year 2 Monitoring)10%520.20 N/A N/A 10%0.314 N/A N/A 15%N/A 1/28/2021
5 (Year 3 Monitoring)10%520.20 N/A N/A 15%0.471 N/A N/A 20%N/A 3/18/2022
6 (Year 4 Monitoring)5%260.10 N/A N/A 5%0.157 N/A N/A 10%N/A 1/20/2023
7 (Year 5 Monitoring)10%520.20 N/A N/A 15%0.471 N/A N/A 15%N/A February 2024
8 (Year 6 Monitoring)5%260.10 N/A N/A 5%0.157 N/A N/A NA NA February 2025
9 (Year 7 Monitoring)10%520.20 N/A N/A 10%0.314 N/A N/A NA NA February 2026
Stream Bankfull Standard4 10%520.20 N/A N/A NA NA NA NA NA NA 1/20/2023
Total Credits Release to Date 75%3,901.50 70%2.198
Date
Chatham
03030002
2016
18-Dec-23
County:
8-Digit HUC:
Year Project Instituted:
Date Prepared:
Actual Release
Date
Potential Credits from As-Built Survey
Stream Credits
Credit Classification
Non-Forested Wetland
CreditsForested Wetland CreditsStream Credits
Current and Future Credit Releases
Credit Release Milestone
Wilmington District Mitigation Bank Credit Release Schedule
4 - A 10% reserve of credits to be held back until the bankfull event performance standard has been met.
1 - The first credit release milestone is based on the potential credits stated in the approved mitigation plan.
2 - The first credit release shall occur upon establishment of the mitigation bank, which includes the following criteria:
1) Execution of the MBI or UMBI by the Sponsor and the USACE;
2) Approval of the final Mitigation Plan;
3) Mitigation bank site must be secured;
4) Delivery of the financial assurances described in the Mitigation Plan;
5) Recordation of the long-term protection mechanism and title opinion acceptable to the USACE;
6) 404 permit verification for construction of the site, if required.
3 - The second credit release is based on the credit totals from the as-built survey, and may differ slightly from the credit totals stated in the mitigation plan.
Contingencies (if any): None
Signature of Wilmington District Official Approving Credit Release
Cane Creek UMBI - Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Wildlands Holdings IV, LLC
SAW-2016-02365
2017-0887v1
Potential Credits from Mitigation Plan
Forested Wetland Credits
Total Potential Credits
Projected
Release Date

PREPARED BY:

Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
312 West Millbrook Road, Suite 225
Raleigh, NC 27609
Phone: [phone]

December 2023

BETHEL BRANCH MITIGATION SITE
Monitoring Year 5 Report
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................................... 1-1
Section 2: MONITORING YEAR 5 DATA ASSESSMENT .....................................................................2-1
2.1 Vegetation Assessment .............................................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Vegetation Areas of Concern ..................................................................................................... 2-1
2.3 Stream Assessment .................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.4 Stream Areas of Concern ........................................................................................................... 2-2
2.5 Stream Hydrology Assessment .................................................................................................. 2-2
2.6 Wetland Assessment .................................................................................................................. 2-2
2.7 Adaptive Management Plan ...................................................................................................... 2-3
2.8 Monitoring Year 5 Summary ...................................................................................................... 2-3
Section 3: METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................3-1
Section 4: REFERENCES .................................................................................................................4-1

APPENDICES
Appendix 1 General Figures and Tables
Figure 1 Vicinity Map
Figure 2 Project Component/Asset Map
Table 1 Project Components and Mitigation Credits
Table 2 Project Activity and Reporting History
Table 3 Project Contact Table
Table 4 Project Information and Attributes

Appendix 2 Visual Assessment Data
Figure 3 Integrated Current Condition Plan View Map
Table 5a-c Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
Table 6 Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Stream Photographs
External Crossing Photographs
Vegetation Plot Photographs
UT3 Vegetation Overview Photographs
Fence Encroachment Resolution Photographs
Groundwater Well Photographs

Appendix 3 Vegetation Plot Data
Table 7 Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment Table
Table 8a Fixed Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density
Table 8b Random Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density

Appendix 4 Morphological Summary Data and Plots
Table 9 Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters – Cross-Section)
Cross-Section Plots
Table 10 Bank Pin Exposure

Appendix 5 Hydrology Summary Data and Plots
Table 11 Verification of Bankfull Events
Monthly Rainfall Data
Table 12 In-Stream Flow Gauge Attainment Summary
Recorded In-Stream Flow Events Plot
Table 13 Wetland Gauge Attainment Summary
Groundwater Gauge Plots
Soil Temperature Probe Plot

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 1-1
Section 1: PROJECT OVERVIEW
The Bethel Branch Mitigation Site (Site) is located in northern Chatham County, approximately 5.5 miles
southeast of Snow Camp, NC (Figure 1). The Site is within the Cape Fear River Basin 14-digit Hydrologic
Unit Code (HUC) 03030002050050 and North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR) Sub-basin
03-06-04. The Site is within the Jordan Lake watershed which is classified as Water Supply (WS) IV, and a
Nutrient Sensitive Water (NSW) needing additional nutrient management due to excessive growth of
microscopic or macroscopic vegetation.
Project streams consisted of restoration and enhancement on three unnamed tributaries (UT1, UT2, and
UT3) for a total of 6,696 linear feet of stream. A total of 3.22 acres of riparian wetlands were re-
established, rehabilitated, and enhanced. Riparian and wetland areas were planted with native
vegetation to improve habitat and ecosystem function. The Bethel Branch Mitigation Site Mitigation
Plan (Wildlands, 2018) was submitted in October 2018 and approved by the North Carolina Interagency
Review Team (NCIRT) in November 2018. Site construction was completed by Land Mechanic Designs,
Inc. in April 2019. Planting and seeding activities were completed by Bruton Natural Systems, Inc. in April
2019. Baseline monitoring (MY0) and Monitoring Year 1 (MY1) were completed in April and November
2019 respectively. Annual monitoring and reporting will continue for seven years with close-out
anticipated in 2026 given success criteria are attained. Appendix 1 provides detailed project activity,
history, contact, and site background information.
A conservation easement was recorded on 16.30 acres. The project is expected to yield 5,202 stream
mitigation units (SMUs) and 3.14 wetland mitigation units (WMUs). Project components and assets are
illustrated in Figure 2 and credit allocation is provided in Table 1 of Appendix 1.
1.1 Project Goals and Objectives
Prior to construction, the primary causes of degradation were livestock impacts and the in-line pond
which encompassed much of UT3. The project is intended to provide numerous ecological benefits
within the Cape Fear River Basin and maximize ecological and water quality uplift within the watershed.
While benefits such as habitat improvement and geomorphic stability primarily benefit the Site, reduced
nutrient and sediment loading affect downstream waters. The table below describes expected outcomes
to water quality and ecological processes and provides specific goals and objectives. These project goals
and objectives were developed as part of the Bethel Branch Mitigation Site Mitigation Plan (Wildlands,
2018) considering the goals and non-point stressors listed in the Cape Fear River Basin Restoration
Priorities (Drostin and Herrmann, 2009).
Goals Objectives Expected Outcomes
Reduce pollutant inputs to streams
including fecal coliform, nitrogen,
and phosphorus.
Exclude cattle from streams and
buffers by installing fencing around
conservation easements adjacent to
cattle pastures and providing
alternative water sources or removing
cattle from sites.
Reduction in pollutant loads to
streams caused by cattle access.
Reduce inputs of sediment into
streams from eroding stream
banks.
Reconstruct stream channels with
stable dimensions. Add bank
revetments and in-stream structures to
protect restored/enhanced streams.
Reduction in sediment loadings
to streams from bank erosion.

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 1-2
Goals Objectives Expected Outcomes
Return networks of streams to a
stable form that is capable of
supporting hydrologic, biologic, and
water quality functions.
Construct stream channels that will
maintain a stable pattern and profile
considering the hydrologic and
sediment inputs to the system, the
landscape setting, and the watershed
conditions.
Reduce shear stress on channel
boundary. Support all stream
functions above hydrology.
Improve aquatic habitat in project
streams.
Install habitat features such as
constructed riffles, cover logs, and
brush toes into restored/enhanced
streams. Add woody materials to
channel beds. Construct pools of
varying depth.
Increase and diversify available
habitats for macroinvertebrates,
fish, and amphibians leading to
colonization and increase in
biodiversity over time. Add
complexity including LWD to
streams.
Raise stream bed elevations and
allow for more frequent overbank
flows to provide a source of
hydration for floodplain wetlands.
Reduce shear stress on channels
during larger flow events.
Reconstruct stream channels with
appropriate bankfull dimensions and
depth relative to the existing
floodplain.
Raise water table and hydrate
riparian wetlands. Allow flood
flows to disperse on the
floodplain. Support geomorphic
and higher-level functions.
Create and improve riparian and
wetland habitats by planting native
vegetation. Provide a canopy to
shade streams and reduce thermal
loadings. Create a source of woody
inputs for streams. Reduce flood
flow velocities on floodplain and
improve long-term lateral stability
of streams.
Plant native tree and shrub species in
riparian zone and wetland areas.
Reduce sediment inputs from
bank erosion and runoff.
Increase nutrient cycling and
storage in floodplain. Improve
riparian habitat. Add a source of
LWD and organic material to
stream. Support all stream
functions.
Restore wetland hydrology, soils,
and plant communities.
Restore riparian wetlands by raising
stream beds, plugging existing ditches,
removing fill material over relict hydric
soils, and planting native wetland
species.
Restored wetland hydrology,
formation of hydric soils, and
establishment of wetland
vegetation.
Ensure that development and
agricultural uses that would
damage the Site or reduce the
benefits of the project are
prevented.
Establish conservation easements on
the Site.
Protect the Site from
encroachment on the riparian
corridor and direct impact to
streams and wetlands. Support
all stream functions.

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 2-1
Section 2: MONITORING YEAR 5 DATA ASSESSMENT
Monitoring Year 5 site assessment was conducted between January and November 2023. Vegetation,
stream geomorphology and hydrology, and wetland hydrology success criteria were approved in the
Mitigation Plan. Monitoring features and locations are shown in Figure 3.
2.1 Vegetation Assessment
Planted woody vegetation is monitored in accordance with the guidelines and procedures presented by
the Carolina Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2008). Final vegetation success criteria
include the survival of 210 planted stems per acre averaging 10 feet in height at the end of MY7. Interim
success criteria include the survival of 320 planted stems per acre at the end of MY3 and 260 planted
stems per acre at the end of MY5. Five fixed 100 square meter vegetation plots were installed randomly
on the Site and will be monitored annually. Another five 100 square meter vegetation plots are
relocated throughout the planted area randomly each year. All 10 plots are monitored annually and
subject to the success criteria above.
The MY5 vegetation survey was completed in September 2023. The average tree stem density across all
plots is 575 stems per acre. All fixed and random vegetation plots individually exceeded the MY5
criterion with plots ranging from 283 to 1,457 stems per acre. Many desirable volunteer stems have
established themselves, including species such as green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and elm (Ulmus
spp.). All vegetation plots are on track to meet the MY7 final success criteria. The Bethel Branch Buffer
Mitigation Bank Parcel closed out with no contingencies in November 2023. Vegetation plot
photographs can be found in Appendix 2 and summary data of each plot can be found in Appendix 3.
Random vegetation plot 10 is annually placed in the area along UT3 where the pond was removed, to
track tree growth. The old pond covered much of the area from around photo point 25 to the upstream
end of UT3. Herbaceous vegetation and planted trees are healthy and growing well. As was requested
by USACE in the MY4 Annual Report comments, random vegetation plot 10 was placed near photo point
24 for the MY5 vegetation survey. Please see Figure 3 in Appendix 2 for monitoring device locations. The
plot had 19 desirable tree stems with a density of 769 stems per acre. For context around vegetation
plot 10 and a visual reference of the area where the pond was removed, two drone photos from
September 2023 have been added in Appendix 2 – UT3 Vegetation Overview Photographs.
2.2 Vegetation Areas of Concern
In January 2023 scattered resprouts of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) along UT1 and UT2 received
follow up treatments using glyphosate in a cut stump herbicide application. The persistent stems of tree
of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) along UT2 also received follow up treatments via cut stump and basal
bark application in January 2023. Another follow-up cut stump treatment was done in July.
Additionally, herbicide ring sprays were applied to thick vegetation around tree stems on UT2 and UT3
in April 2023. Later, soil amendments were added to the base of smaller trees to help them continue to
thrive despite the competition.
As was requested by NCDWR in the MY3 Report comments (March 2022), Wildlands is monitoring sweet
gum densities. One sweet gum was recorded in vegetation plot 4 during MY5. They do not seem to be
dominating the site or outcompeting planted trees. Wildlands expects multiple species will continue to
flourish and no thinning is currently planned.
It was discovered that the corner of the conservation easement on the south side of UT2 Reach 1 was in
the middle of a gravel farm road and the fencing contractor had installed the fence corner at the edge of
the road inside the conservation easement. The situation was discussed with USACE in June 2022 and

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 2-2
the corner of the fence was moved outside the easement on October 19, 2022. The omission of this
fencing encroachment discovery from the MY4 Report was an oversight. The affected area covers
approximately 132 square feet. Vegetation is growing, the area is stable and protected by the fence, and
is no longer a concern. The location of the fence post relocation is shown in Figure 3 and updated
pictures from September 2023 have been included in Fence Encroachment Resolution Photographs in
Appendix 2.
2.3 Stream Assessment
Morphological surveys for MY5 were conducted in April 2023 and all project streams are stable and
functioning as designed. Cross-sections at the Site show little to no change in bankfull area, maximum
depth ratio, or width-to-depth ratio. Bank height and entrenchment ratios fall within the appropriate
stream type parameters.
Bank pins on UT1 and UT2 show stability in the streambanks. The bank pin measurements on the lower
portion of UT3 show minor scour (Appendix 4, Table 10). The stream appears to be stable, but the area
will continue to be monitored.
2.4 Stream Areas of Concern
No stream areas of concern were identified in MY5.
Per IRT comments in MY3 and 4, the in-stream vegetation along UT3 is being monitored. The in-stream
vegetation is native, mostly buttercup (Ranunculus spp.) with occasional grasses such as winter
bentgrass (Agrostis hyemalis). In-stream vegetation was not treated on UT3 in MY5 and does not seem
to be affecting stream flow. Live stakes will continue to be encouraged to grow and shade the stream
channel.
2.5 Stream Hydrology Assessment
At the end of the seven-year monitoring period, four bankfull events must have occurred in separate
years within the restored reaches. Although the site has met the stream bankfull standard in the first
four years, streams continue to be monitored. During MY5, two bankfull events were recorded on UT1
and UT3, and seven were recorded on UT2. Data was collected from January through November 20,
2023.
In addition, the presence of baseflow must be documented on UT3 for a minimum of 30 consecutive
days during a normal precipitation year. Results from the flow gauge on UT3 show baseflow for 95
consecutive days and a total of 158 days. Monitoring Year 5 monthly rainfall totals and a graph of UT3
in-stream flow are shown in Appendix 5.
2.6 Wetland Assessment
Four groundwater monitoring wells with pressure transducers were installed during baseline monitoring
in wetland re-establishment zones. At the request of the NCIRT, two additional groundwater monitoring
wells with transducers were installed on January 9, 2020 (groundwater gauges 5 and 6). The
performance criterion for wetland hydrology is groundwater within 12 inches of the ground surface for
8.0% (21 days) of the growing season consecutively.
The growing season for this project has been set as March 1 through November 17 (261 days) since
MY2, after the growing season start date was confirmed. Wildlands has been confirming the growing
season start date via soil temperature and bud burst each year. Data shows the soil temperature did not
drop below 41 degrees Fahrenheit within 12 inches of the soil surface between mid-January and mid-
November. Bud burst of red maple (Acer rubrum), elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), and river birch
(Betula nigra) were observed in Chatham County on February 23, confirming the earliest accepted

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 2-3
growing season start date of March 1. Since the preference of the NCIRT is to set the growing season for
the life of the project, these dates no longer need to be confirmed. The soil temperature probe is no
longer necessary and will be removed.
All six groundwater gauges met the success criterion. Groundwater gauge hydroperiods ranged from
9.2% (24 days) to 31.7% (83 days).
Refer to Figure 3 in Appendix 2 for the groundwater well gauge locations and Appendix 5 for
groundwater hydrology data and plots.
2.7 Adaptive Management Plan
Wildlands recognizes that multiple treatments are typically needed for effective invasive plant control.
Lingering sporadic invasive species will be treated using various methods of herbicide application
including foliar, cut stump, hack and squirt, and stem injection. Intermittent root sprouts of tree of
heaven (Ailanthus altissima) along UT2 Reach 1, as well as Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), Japanese
honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) along UT1 and UT2 will be treated
in MY6. The site will continue to be monitored and invasives treated as necessary.
As was requested at the NCDWR Bethel Buffer closeout site walk on November 8, 2023, two snag trees
that had fallen on the eastern fence line near the upstream end of UT1 were removed on December 6.
The fence was holding the weight of the trees and no livestock were accessing the easement but there
were concerns that the weight would pull the fence down over time. Wildlands will continue to watch
for damage to the fence line.
In addition, NCWDR requested soil amendments around any shorter tree stems where the pond dam
was removed and just downstream along UT3 where the soils are rocky. Not all trees in this area are
shorter than expected, and some are as tall as those growing in the old pond bed (see UT3 Vegetation
Overview Photographs in Appendix 2). Soil amendments will be added only to trees shoulder height or
smaller.
2.8 Monitoring Year 5 Summary
Vegetation across the Site has exceeded the MY5 interim requirement of 260 planted stems per acre,
with an average density of 575 stems per acre across vegetation plots. All vegetation plots individually
exceeded the requirement with plots ranging from 283 to 1,457 stems per acre. The Bethel Branch
Buffer Mitigation Bank Parcel closed out with no contingencies in November 2023. Project streams are
stable and functioning as designed. Cross-sections show limited deviations from as-built due to
sediment deposition and vegetation establishment. Bank pins show minor scour on the downstream end
of UT3, but the channel is stable. Bankfull events were recorded on all three tributaries, and the flow
gauge on UT3 recorded baseflow for 95 consecutive days and a total of 158 days. All six groundwater
gauges met the success criterion. In November, NCDWR requested two trees be removed from the
fenceline and soil amendments be added to any trees shorter than expected along the downstream end
of UT3. The trees have been removed from the fence and soil amendments will be added where
necessary in MY6. The fence post easement encroachment was resolved in MY4 and no new easement
encroachment or stream crossing issues have been identified in MY5. Project fencing and boundaries
remain in good condition throughout the Site. Overall, the Site is on track to meet MY7 success criteria.

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 3-1
Section 3: METHODOLOGY
Geomorphic data was collected following the standards outlined in The Stream Channel Reference Site:
An Illustrated Guide to Field Techniques (Harrelson et al., 1994) and in Stream Restoration: A Natural
Channel Design Handbook (Doll et al., 2003). Integrated Current Condition View mapping was recorded
using a Garmin GLO receiver with 3-meter accuracy and processed using ArcGIS. Pressure transducers
were installed in riffle cross-sections to measure bankfull events and were monitored throughout the
year. Hydraulic monitoring instrument installation and monitoring methods are in accordance with the
Wilmington District Stream and Wetland Compensatory Mitigation Update, released by the North
Carolina Interagency Review Team (NCIRT, 2016). Vegetation monitoring protocols followed the Carolina
Vegetation Survey-EEP Level 2 Protocol (Lee et al., 2008).

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 Annual Report 4-1
Section 4: REFERENCES
Doll, B.A., Grabow, G.L., Hall, K.A., Halley, J., Harman, W.A., Jennings, G.D., and Wise, D.E. 2003. Stream
Restoration A Natural Channel Design Handbook.
Drostin, R., and Herrmann, M. 2009. Cape Fear River Basin Restoration Priorities 2009. North Carolina
Ecosystem Enhancement Program. Accessed at:
https://files.nc.gov/ncdeq/Mitigation%20Services/Watershed_Planning/Cape_Fear_River_Basin/RB
RP%20CapeFear%202009%20Revised%20032013.pdf
Harrelson, C.C; Rawlins, C.L.; Potyondy, John P. 1994. Stream Channel Reference Sites: An Illustrated
Guide to Field Technique. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-245. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Accessed at:
https://www.fs.fed.us/biology/nsaec/fishxing/fplibrary/Harrelson_1994_Stream_Channel_Reference
_Sites_An_Illustrated.pdf
Lee, M.T., Peet, R.K., Roberts, S.D., & Wentworth, T.R. 2008. CVS-EEP Protocol for Recording Vegetation
Version 4.2. Accessed at: http://cvs.bio.unc.edu/protocol/cvs-eep-protocol-v4.2-lev1-2.pdf
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Regional Climate Centers (NOAA-RCC). 2020. Applied
Climate Information System. Accessed at: http://agacis.rcc-acis.org/
NOAA. 2022. National Integrated Drought Information System. Drought Conditions for Chatham County.
Accessed at: https://www.drought.gov/states/north-carolina/county/chatham
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR). 2005. Cape Fear River Basinwide Water Quality
Plan. Accessed at: http://h20.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/draftCPFApril2005.htm
North Carolina Division of Water Resources (NCDWR). 2011. Surface Water Classifications. Accessed at:
https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/water-resources/planning/classification-
standards/classifications
North Carolina Interagency Review Team (NCIRT). 2016. Wilmington District Stream and Wetland
Compensatory Mitigation Update. Accessed at: https://saw-
reg.usace.army.mil/PN/2016/Wilmington-District-Mitigation-Update.pdf
Rosgen, D. L. 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena 22:169-199.
Rosgen, D.L. 1996. Applied River Morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books.
Wildlands Engineering, Inc. 2018. Cane Creek Umbrella Mitigation Bank: Bethel Branch Site Mitigation
Plan. USACE, Raleigh, NC.

APPENDIX 1. General Figures and Tables
Table 1. Project Components and Mitigation Credits
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Reach ID
Existing
Footage/
Acreage
Mitigation
Plan
Footage/
Acreage
Mitigation
Category
Restoration
Level Priority Level
Mitigation
Ratio
(X:1)
As-Built
Footage/
Acreage
UT1 Reach 1 2,398 2,514 Warm R P1 & P2 1.0 2,514
UT1 Reach 2 114 114 Warm EII N/A 2.5 114
UT2 Reach 1 1,242 1,242 Warm EII N/A 2.5 1,242
UT2 Reach 2 1,364 1,180 Warm R P1 1.0 1,180
UT2 Reach 3 440 411 Warm R P1 1.0 411
UT2 Reach 4 434 434 Warm EII N/A 2.5 434
UT3 461 801 Warm R P1 1.0 801
RE1 and RE2 3.03 3.03 Riparian N/A Re-estab 1.0 3.03
RH1 - RH4 0.07 0.07 Riparian N/A Rehab 1.5 0.07
E12 0.12 0.12 Riparian N/A E 2.0 0.12
Warm1 Cool Cold Riverine Non-Riverine
Restoration 4,703
Enhancement I
Enhancement II 499
Preservation
Re-Establishment 3.03
Rehabilitation 0.05
Enhancement2 0.06
Creation
Totals 5,202 3.14
1As in the Mitigation Plan, credits have been adjusted to reflect reduced buffer width.
2Acreage and credits have been adjusted to correct a miscalculation in the Mitigation Plan.
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Full Channel Restoration, Grade Control
Structures, Planted Buffer
PROJECT COMPONENTS
Full Channel Restoration, Grade Control
Structures, Planted Buffer
STREAMS
Restoration Level Stream Riparian Wetland Non-Riparian
Wetland Coastal Marsh
Conservation Easement, Planted Buffer
Pond Removed, Full Channel Restoration, Grade
Control Structures, Planted Buffer
No credit, no buffer on right side of channel
WETLANDS
Hydrologic Restoration, Conservation Easement,
Planted
PROJECT CREDITS
Comments
Hydrologic Restoration, Conservation Easement,
Planted
Hydrologic Restoration, Conservation Easement,
Planted
Full Channel Restoration, Grade Control
Structures, Planted Buffer
No credit, no buffer on right side of channel
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Bare Area Seeded
Supplemental Tree Planting
Invasive Vegetation Removal
Bare Areas Seeded and Soil Amendments Added
Competitive Vegetation Treatment2
In-Stream Vegetation Removal
Supplemental Live Stakes planted along stream banks
Invasive Vegetation Removal
In-Stream Vegetation Removal
Soil Amendments added to base of planted trees along UT2
Invasive Vegetation Treatment
Year 6 Monitoring
April 2019Vegetation Survey
October 2019
March 2020
July 2022
Year 5 Monitoring
2025Vegetation Survey
May 2019
1Seed and mulch is added as each section of construction is completed.
December 2025
April 2019Permanent seed mix applied to reach/segments1
July 2019
Vegetation Survey
Stream Survey
Vegetation Survey
December 2022
April 2019
May 2021
Stream Survey
Bare root and live stake plantings for reach/segments April 2019
Baseline Monitoring Document (Year 0)
Temporary S&E mix applied to entire project area1
Vegetation Survey
April 2019
Table 2. Project Activity and Reporting History
Activity or Report Data Collection
Complete
Completion or Scheduled
Delivery
Mitigation Plan October 2018
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
November 2018
Final Design - Construction Plans December 2018 December 2018
April 2019
April 2019 April 2019
Construction April 2019
2Herbicide ring sprays around the base of planted stems.
April and October 2020
Year 7 Monitoring
June and July 2021
March 2022
Stream Survey
Stream Survey
December 2024
September 2023
April 2023
Year 3 Monitoring
Year 2 Monitoring
Year 1 Monitoring
2025
November 2019
Vegetation Survey
September 2021
September 2020
November 2019
December 2023
Competitive Vegetation Treatment2 and Soil Amendments Added April 2023
December 2019
Fence moved to accurately reflect conservation easementYear 4 Monitoring
Visual Assessments
Visual Assessments
March, June, October 2020
May and June 2020
June 2020 December 2020
June and August 2020
Stream Survey
Trees removed from fenceline at upstream end of UT1 December 2023
July 2021
Stream Survey
January 2021
December 2021
January and July 2023Invasive Vegetation Treatment
October 2022
Buffer Mitigation Bank Closeout November 2023
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring, POC Jason Lorch
919.851.9986
Nursery Stock Suppliers Dykes and Sons Nursery and Greenhouse
Bare Roots
Live Stakes Bruton Natural Systems, Inc & Foggy Mountain Nursery
Monitoring Performers Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
Construction Contractor
Land Mechanic Designs, Inc.
126 Circle G Lane
Willow Spring, NC 27592
Planting Contractor
Bruton Natural Systems, Inc
P.O. Box 1197
Fremont, NC 27830
Table 3. Project Contact Table
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Designer
Greg Turner, PE
Wildlands Engineering, Inc.
312 West Millbrook Road, Suite 225
Raleigh, NC 27609
919.851.9986
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Applicable?Resolved?
Yes Yes
Yes Yes
Yes Yes
Yes Yes
No N/A
No N/A
No N/A
3%
CGIA Land Use Classification
Pasture
Unmanaged herbaceous
Impervious
CGIA Land Use Classification
70%
1%
Forested 26%
Bethel Branch Mitigation Plan; Wildlands determined "no effect" on Chatham County
listed endangered species. The USFWS responded on June 22, 2016 and concurred with
NCWRC stating that “the proposed action is not likely to adversely affect any federally-
listed endangered or threatened species, their formally designated critical habitat, or
species currently proposed for listing under the Act at these sites.”
Chatham County
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Correspondence from SHPO on July 1, 2018 indicating they were not aware of any historic
resources that would be affected by the project.
N/A
N/A
UT1 UT2 UT3
485
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
03030002
Cape Fear
PROJECT INFORMATION
PROJECT WATERSHED SUMMARY INFORMATION
USGS Hydrologic Unit 8-digit
Project Coordinates (latitude and longitude)
Planted Area (acres)8.10
Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA)/Coastal Area Management Act
(CAMA)
REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
Waters of the United States - Section 401
Endangered Species Act
Regulation
Essential Fisheries Habitat
FEMA Floodplain Compliance
Historic Preservation Act
N/A
Table 4. Project Information and Attributes
Drainiage Area (acres)
Project Name
Project Area (acres)
River Basin
Physiographic Province
USGS Hydrologic Unit 14-digit
County
03030002050050
Piedmont
Streams
35° 49’ 45.56” N, 79° 22’ 11.37” W
16.30
03-06-04DWR Sub-basin
Waters of the United States - Section 404
Supporting Documentation
USACE Nationwide Permit No. 27 and DWQ 401 Water Quality Certification No. 4134.
207 49

APPENDIX 2. Visual Assessment Data
Table 5a. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
UT1 (2,514 LF)
Major Channel
Category Channel Sub-Category Metric
Number
Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Total Number
in As-Built
Number of
Unstable
Segments
Amount of
Unstable
Footage
% Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Number with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Footage with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Adjust % for
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Aggradation 0 0 100%
Degradation 0 0 100%
2. Riffle Condition Texture/Substrate 37 37 100%
Depth Sufficient 36 36 100%
Length Appropriate 36 36 100%
Thalweg centering at upstream of
meander bend (Run)36 36 100%
Thalweg centering at downstream of
meander bend (Glide)36 36 100%
1. Scoured/Eroded
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting
simply from poor growth and/or scour
and erosion.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
2. Undercut
Banks undercut/overhanging to the
extent that mass wasting appears likely.
Does NOT include undercuts that are
modest, appear sustainable and are
providing habitat.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
3. Mass Wasting Bank slumping, calving, or collapse.0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
1. Overall Integrity Structures physically intact with no
dislodged boulders or logs.21 21 100%
2. Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting
maintenance of grade across the sill.1 1 100%
2a. Piping Structures lacking any substantial flow
underneath sills or arms.1 1 100%
3. Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures
extent of influence does not exceed
15%.
20 20 100%
4. Habitat
Pool forming structures maintaining
~Max Pool Depth : Bankfull Depth ≥ 1.6
Rootwads/logs providing some cover at
baseflow.
20 20 100%
1Excludes constructed riffles since they are evaluated in section 1.
2. Bank
Totals
3. Engineered
Structures1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
1. Bed 1. Vertical Stability
(Riffle and Run Units)
3. Meander Pool
Condition
4. Thalweg Position
Table 5b. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
UT2 (1,591 LF)
Major Channel
Category Channel Sub-Category Metric
Number
Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Total Number
in As-Built
Number of
Unstable
Segments
Amount of
Unstable
Footage
% Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Number with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Footage with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Adjust % for
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Aggradation 0 0 100%
Degradation 0 0 100%
2. Riffle Condition Texture/Substrate 29 29 100%
Depth Sufficient 28 28 100%
Length Appropriate 28 28 100%
Thalweg centering at upstream of
meander bend (Run)28 28 100%
Thalweg centering at downstream of
meander bend (Glide)28 28 100%
1. Scoured/Eroded
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting
simply from poor growth and/or scour
and erosion.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
2. Undercut
Banks undercut/overhanging to the
extent that mass wasting appears likely.
Does NOT include undercuts that are
modest, appear sustainable and are
providing habitat.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
3. Mass Wasting Bank slumping, calving, or collapse.0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
1. Overall Integrity Structures physically intact with no
dislodged boulders or logs.16 16 100%
2. Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting
maintenance of grade across the sill.0 0 N/A
2a. Piping Structures lacking any substantial flow
underneath sills or arms.0 0 N/A
3. Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures
extent of influence does not exceed
15%.
16 16 100%
4. Habitat
Pool forming structures maintaining
~Max Pool Depth : Bankfull Depth ≥ 1.6
Rootwads/logs providing some cover at
baseflow.
16 16 100%
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
1. Bed 1. Vertical Stability
(Riffle and Run Units)
3. Meander Pool
Condition
1Excludes constructed riffles since they are evaluated in section 1.
4. Thalweg Position
2. Bank
Totals
3. Engineered
Structures1
Table 5c. Visual Stream Morphology Stability Assessment Table
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
UT3 (801 LF)
Major Channel
Category Channel Sub-Category Metric
Number
Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Total Number
in As-Built
Number of
Unstable
Segments
Amount of
Unstable
Footage
% Stable,
Performing as
Intended
Number with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Footage with
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Adjust % for
Stabilizing
Woody
Vegetation
Aggradation 0 0 100%
Degradation 0 0 100%
2. Riffle Condition Texture/Substrate 21 21 100%
Depth Sufficient 20 20 100%
Length Appropriate 20 20 100%
Thalweg centering at upstream of
meander bend (Run)20 20 100%
Thalweg centering at downstream of
meander bend (Glide)20 20 100%
1. Scoured/Eroded
Bank lacking vegetative cover resulting
simply from poor growth and/or scour
and erosion.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
2. Undercut
Banks undercut/overhanging to the
extent that mass wasting appears likely.
Does NOT include undercuts that are
modest, appear sustainable and are
providing habitat.
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
3. Mass Wasting Bank slumping, calving, or collapse.0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
0 0 100%n/a n/a n/a
1. Overall Integrity Structures physically intact with no
dislodged boulders or logs.15 15 100%
2. Grade Control Grade control structures exhibiting
maintenance of grade across the sill.0 0 N/A
2a. Piping Structures lacking any substantial flow
underneath sills or arms.0 0 N/A
3. Bank Protection
Bank erosion within the structures
extent of influence does not exceed
15%.
15 15 100%
4. Habitat
Pool forming structures maintaining
~Max Pool Depth : Bankfull Depth ≥ 1.6
Rootwads/logs providing some cover at
baseflow.
15 15 100%
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
1. Bed 1. Vertical Stability
(Riffle and Run Units)
3. Meander Pool
Condition
1Excludes constructed riffles since they are evaluated in section 1.
4. Thalweg Position
2. Bank
Totals
3. Engineered
Structures1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Planted Acreage 8.10
Vegetation Category Definitions
Mapping
Threshold
(Ac)
Number of
Polygons
Combined
Acreage
% of Planted
Acreage
Bare Areas Very limited cover of both woody and herbaceous material 0.1 0 0 0.00%
Low Stem Density Areas Woody stem densities clearly below target levels based on MY3, 4, or 5 stem count
criteria.0.1 0 0 0.00%
0 0 0.00%
Areas of Poor Growth Rates or Vigor Areas with woody stems of a size class that are obviously small given the monitoring
year.0.25 Ac 0 0 0.00
0 0 0.00%
Easement Acreage 16.30
Vegetation Category Definitions
Mapping
Threshold
(SF)
Number of
Polygons
Combined
Acreage
% of
Easement
Acreage
Invasive Areas of Concern Areas of points (if too small to render as polygons at map scale).1,000 0 0.00 0.00%
Easement Encroachment Areas Areas of points (if too small to render as polygons at map scale).none 1*0.003 0.02%
*Fence encroachment that was resolved in MY4 but mistakenly omitted from the MY4 Report.
Table 6. Vegetation Condition Assessment Table
Total
Cumulative Total

STREAM PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 1 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 1 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 2 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 2 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 3 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 3 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 4 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 4 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 5 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 5 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 6 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 6 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 7 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 7 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 8 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 8 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 9 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 9 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 10 UT1 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 10 UT1 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 11 UT2 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 11 UT2 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 12 UT2 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 12 UT2 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 13 UT2 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 13 UT2 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 14 UT2 Reach 1 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 14 UT2 Reach 1 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 15 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 15 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 16 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 16 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 17 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 17 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 18 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 18 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 19 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 19 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 20 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 20 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 21 UT2 Reach 2 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 21 UT2 Reach 2 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 22 UT2 Reach 3 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 22 UT2 Reach 3 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 23 UT2 Reach 3 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 23 UT2 Reach 3 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 24 UT3 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 24 UT3 – downstream (02/23/2023)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Stream Photographs

PHOTO POINT 25 UT3 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 25 UT3 – downstream (02/23/2023)

PHOTO POINT 26 UT3 – upstream (02/23/2023) PHOTO POINT 26 UT3 – downstream (02/23/2023)

EXTERNAL CROSSING PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – External Crossing Photographs

UT1 R1 Culvert Crossing – Looking Upstream (04/11/2023) UT1 R1 Culvert Crossing – Looking Downstream (04/11/2023)

UT2 R1/R2 Ford Crossing – Looking Upstream (04/11/2023) UT2 R1/R2 Ford Crossing – Looking Downstream (04/11/2023)

UT2 R2 Ford Crossing – Looking Upstream (04/11/2023) UT2 R2 Ford Crossing – Looking Downstream (04/11/2023)

VEGETATION PLOT PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Vegetation Plot Photographs

FIXED VEG PLOT 1 (09/19/2023) FIXED VEG PLOT 2 (09/19/2023)

FIXED VEG PLOT 3 (09/19/2023) FIXED VEG PLOT 4 (09/19/2023)

FIXED VEG PLOT 5 (09/19/2023)

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Vegetation Plot Photographs

RANDOM VEG PLOT 6 (09/19/2023) RANDOM VEG PLOT 7 (09/19/2023)

RANDOM VEG PLOT 8 (09/19/2023) RANDOM VEG PLOT 9 (09/19/2023)

RANDOM VEG PLOT 10 (09/19/2023)

UT3 VEGETATION OVERVIEW PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – UT3 Vegetation Overview Photographs

UT3 – Facing west/downstream across the area where the pond was removed (09/13/2023)

UT3 – Facing east/upstream across the area where the pond was removed (09/13/2023)

FENCE ENCROACHMENT RESOLUTION PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Fence Encroachment Resolution Photographs

South side of UT2 – Fence Post Relocated Outside the Easement Corner (9/19/2023)

South side of UT2 – Fence Post Relocated Outside the Easement Corner (9/19/2023)

GROUNDWATER WELL PHOTOGRAPHS

Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Appendix 2: Visual Assessment Data – Groundwater Well Photographs

GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 1 – (11/20/2023) GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 2 – (11/20/2023)

GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 3 – (11/20/2023) GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 4 – (11/20/2023)

GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 5 – (11/20/2023) GROUNDWATER WELL GAUGE 6 – (11/20/2023)

APPENDIX 3. Vegetation Plot Data
Table 7. Vegetation Plot Criteria Attainment Table
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Plot
Fixed Veg Plot 1
Fixed Veg Plot 2
Fixed Veg Plot 3
Fixed Veg Plot 4
Fixed Veg Plot 5
Random Veg Plot 6
Random Veg Plot 7
Random Veg Plot 8
Random Veg Plot 9
Random Veg Plot 10
*Based on the interim target stem density for MY5 of 260 planted stems per acre.
Yes
Success Criteria Met*Tract Mean
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
100%
Yes
Table 8a. Fixed Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T
Acer rubrum Red Maple Tree
Betula nigra River Birch Tree 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Celtis laevigata Southern Hackberry Shrub Tree
Celtis occidentalis Northern Hackberry Shrub Tree 1 1 1 1 1 1
Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon Tree
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Tree 5 5 5 2 2 13 3 3 3 4 4 5 1 1 1
Juglans nigra Black Walnut Tree 4
Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Exotic
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Tree 1
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Tree 1 1 1
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Tree 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 6 6 6
Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak Tree 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark Oak Tree 1 1 1
Quercus phellos Willow Oak Tree 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Salix nigra Black Willow Tree 2
Ulmus sp.Elm sp.Tree
Ulmus alata Winged Elm Tree 6 3 1
Ulmus americana American Elm Tree 1 1 4 1
Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm Tree 3 2
14 14 24 7 7 24 10 10 10 11 11 17 11 11 12
6 6 7 5 5 7 5 5 6 5 5 9 5 5 6
567 567 971 283 283 971 405 405 405 445 445 688 445 445 486
Color Coding
Exceeds requirements by 10%
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Total includes volunteer/natural woody stems
Abbreviations
PnoLS - Planted Stems Excluding Live Stakes
P-all - All Planted Stems
T - All Woody Stems
1
0.02
1
0.02
Stem count
size (ares)
size (ACRES)
Species count
Stems per ACRE
1
0.02
Current Plot Data (MY5 2023)
VP 3 VP 4 VP 5
1
0.02
1
0.02
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type
VP 1 VP 2
Table 8a. Fixed Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Acer rubrum Red Maple Tree
Betula nigra River Birch Tree
Celtis laevigata Southern Hackberry Shrub Tree
Celtis occidentalis Northern Hackberry Shrub Tree
Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon Tree
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Tree
Juglans nigra Black Walnut Tree
Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Exotic
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum Tree
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Tree
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Tree
Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak Tree
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark Oak Tree
Quercus phellos Willow Oak Tree
Salix nigra Black Willow Tree
Ulmus sp.Elm sp.Tree
Ulmus alata Winged Elm Tree
Ulmus americana American Elm Tree
Ulmus rubra Slippery Elm Tree
Color Coding
Exceeds requirements by 10%
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Total includes volunteer/natural woody stems
Abbreviations
PnoLS - Planted Stems Excluding Live Stakes
P-all - All Planted Stems
T - All Woody Stems
Stem count
size (ares)
size (ACRES)
Species count
Stems per ACRE
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T PnoLS P-all T
10
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 10 11 11 11
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
15 15 27 15 15 19 16 16 23 15 15 20 16 16 16
4 2 4
1
1 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7 7 8 8 8
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 18 18
8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 6 6 6
4 4 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
2 2
74 3
10 1 2
1 1 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5
53 53 87 53 53 148 56 56 71 71 71 76 75 75 75
9 9 14 9 9 16 9 9 14 9 9 9 9 9 9
429 429 704 429 429 1,198 453 453 575 575 575 615 607 607 607
5
0.12
5
0.12
5
0.12
5
0.12
5
0.12
Annual Means
MY5 (2023)MY3 (2021)MY2 (2020)MY1 (2019)MY0 (2019)
Table 8b. Random Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Te Total Te Total Te Total Te Total Te Total
Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Tree 2 2
Acer rubrum Red Maple Tree
Betula nigra River Birch Tree 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2
Baccharis sp.Baccharis Shrub 1 1
Celtis laevigata Sugarberry Tree 1 1
Celtis occidentalis Northern Hackberry Shrub Tree
Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon Tree
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Tree 3 3 8 8 1 1 6 6 6 6
Juglans nigra Black Walnut Tree 1 1 5 5
Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Exotic
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Tree
Liquidambar styracciflua Sweet Gum Tree
Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Tree
Nyssa sp.Tupelo Tree
Nyssa Sylvatica Black Gum Tree 1 1
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Tree 1 1 11 11 3 3 2 2
Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Tree
Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak Tree 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark Oak Tree 3 3
Quercus phellos Willow Oak Tree 2 2 4 4 1 1
Ulmus sp.Elm Tree
Ulmus alata Winged Elm Tree 5 5
Ulmus americana American Elm Tree 5 5
Salix nigra Black Willow Tree
10 9 36 36 11 11 20 14 19 19
5 4 7 5 5 5 7 5 7 7
405 364 1,457 1,457 445 445 809 567 769 769
Color Coding
Exceeds requirements by 10%
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Total includes volunteer/natural woody stems
Abbreviations
Te - Number of stems including exotic species
Total - Number of stems excluding exotic species
Stems per ACRE
VP 6 VP 7 VP 8
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type
Stem count
size (ares)
size (ACRES)
1
0.02
Current Plot Data (MY5 2023)
1
0.020.02
Species count
1 1
0.02
VP 9 VP 10
1
0.02
Table 8b. Random Plots: Planted and Total Stem Density
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Acer saccharinum Silver Maple Tree
Acer rubrum Red Maple Tree
Betula nigra River Birch Tree
Baccharis sp.Baccharis Shrub
Celtis laevigata Sugarberry Tree
Celtis occidentalis Northern Hackberry Shrub Tree
Diospyros virginiana American Persimmon Tree
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash Tree
Juglans nigra Black Walnut Tree
Ligustrum sinense Chinese Privet Exotic
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Poplar Tree
Liquidambar styracciflua Sweet Gum Tree
Maclura pomifera Osage-orange Tree
Nyssa sp.Tupelo Tree
Nyssa Sylvatica Black Gum Tree
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore Tree
Populus deltoides Eastern Cottonwood Tree
Quercus lyrata Overcup Oak Tree
Quercus pagoda Cherrybark Oak Tree
Quercus phellos Willow Oak Tree
Ulmus sp.Elm Tree
Ulmus alata Winged Elm Tree
Ulmus americana American Elm Tree
Salix nigra Black Willow Tree
Color Coding
Exceeds requirements by 10%
Exceeds requirements, but by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements, by less than 10%
Fails to meet requirements by more than 10%
Total includes volunteer/natural woody stems
Abbreviations
Te - Number of stems including exotic species
Total - Number of stems excluding exotic species
Stems per ACRE
Scientific Name Common Name Species Type
Stem count
size (ares)
size (ACRES)
Species count
Te Total Te Total Te Total Te Total Te Total
2 2
2 2
14 14 8 8 10 10 2 2 16 16
1 1
1 1
1 1 3 3 6 6
1 1
24 24 46 46 28 28 7 7 16 16
6 6 2 2
4
1 1 3 3
4 4
1 1
1 1 2 2
1 1
17 17 27 27 19 19 13 13 16 16
2 2
10 10 8 8 1 1 6 6 5 5
3 3 3 3 3 3
7 7 2 2 10 10
35 35 8 8
5 5 12 12 20 20
5 5 3 3 6 6
13 13 2 2 3 3
96 89 163 159 100 94 43 43 75 75
13 10 14 10 12 7 9 8 8 8
777 720 1,319 1,287 809 761 348 348 607 607
0.12
Annual Means
MY5 (2023)
5
0.12
MY0 (2019)
5
0.12
MY2 (2020)
5
0.12
5
0.12
MY3 (2021)MY1 (2019)
5

APPENDIX 4. Morphological Summary Data and Plots
Table 9. Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters - Cross-Section)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Dimension and Substrate Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7
Bankfull Elevation (ft) 550.51 550.35 550.35 550.36 550.48 545.35 545.41 545.38 545.31 545.37 545.15 545.16 545.17 545.19 545.20
Low Bank Height Elevation (ft) 550.51 550.35 550.35 550.36 550.48 545.35 545.41 545.38 545.31 545.37 545.15 545.16 545.17 545.19 545.20
Bankfull Width (ft) 14.3 11.9 10.7 11.9 8.4 15.4 15.8 14.6 14.1 15.8 19.7 19.2 18.5 19.4 18.0
Floodprone Width (ft) 100 100 100 100 100 130 130 130 130 130 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7
Bankfull Max Depth (ft) 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4
Bankfull Cross-Sectional Area (ft2) 13.9 10.7 10.0 10.1 9.1 17.5 17.7 17.6 16.3 17.6 31.5 30.2 30.9 31.3 31.0
Bankfull Width/Depth Ratio 14.7 13.4 11.5 14.1 7.8 13.5 14.0 12.2 12.2 14.2 12.3 12.2 11.1 12.0 10.5
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 7.0 8.4 9.3 8.4 11.9 8.5 8.2 8.9 9.2 8.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio2 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 <1.0 1.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Dimension and Substrate Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7
Bankfull Elevation (ft) 540.51 540.58 540.58 540.46 540.47 540.10 540.17 540.13 540.24 540.28 550.02 550.02 550.10 550.16 550.15
Low Bank Height Elevation (ft) 540.51 540.58 540.58 540.46 540.47 540.10 540.17 540.13 540.24 540.28 550.02 550.02 550.10 550.16 550.15
Bankfull Width (ft) 13.6 13.9 13.8 14.0 13.8 15.0 12.5 12.8 10.5 12.5 13.2 13.7 13.6 13.9 12.8
Floodprone Width (ft) 120 120 120 120 120 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft) 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.8
Bankfull Cross-Sectional Area (ft2) 14.3 14.4 14.6 13.0 13.3 20.0 19.6 19.0 19.6 20.3 12.9 12.8 14.4 14.6 13.4
Bankfull Width/Depth Ratio 12.9 13.4 13.0 15.1 14.4 11.2 8.0 8.6 5.7 7.7 13.5 14.7 13.0 13.3 12.2
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 8.8 8.6 8.7 8.6 8.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio2 1.0 1.0 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1Entrenchment Ratio is the flood prone width divided by the bankfull width.
2Bank Height Ratio is the low bank height divided by the max depth of the bankfull channel.
Cross-Section 4 (Riffle)Cross-Section 5 (Pool)Cross-Section 6 (Pool)
UT1 Reach 1
Cross-Section 1 (Riffle)Cross-Section 2 (Riffle)Cross-Section 3 (Pool)
UT1 Reach 1 UT2 Reach 2
Table 9. Morphology and Hydraulic Summary (Dimensional Parameters - Cross-Section)
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Dimension and Substrate Base3 MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7 Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7
Bankfull Elevation (ft) 549.83 549.92 549.90 549.89 549.92 545.15 545.19 545.19 545.21 545.20 548.60 548.71 548.57 548.57 548.58
Low Bank Height Elevation (ft) 549.83 549.92 549.90 549.89 549.92 545.15 545.19 545.19 545.21 545.20 548.60 548.71 548.57 548.57 548.58
Bankfull Width (ft) 7.8 7.9 8.5 8.4 8.0 10.6 10.1 9.8 11.2 10.5 7.2 9.0 7.0 7.5 7.6
Floodprone Width (ft) 130 130 130 130 130 190 190 190 190 190 200 200 200 200 200
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Bankfull Max Depth (ft) 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Bankfull Cross-Sectional Area (ft2) 4.3 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.6 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.9 6.5 3.7 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.9
Bankfull Width/Depth Ratio 14.1 12.8 14.9 14.2 13.8 18.8 17.6 16.6 18.0 17.0 13.9 18.8 13.9 15.7 14.6
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 16.8 16.5 15.3 15.4 16.3 17.9 18.8 19.4 17.0 18.1 27.9 22.2 28.7 26.8 26.5
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 < 1.0 < 1.0 1.0
Dimension and Substrate Base MY1 MY2 MY3 MY5 MY7
Bankfull Elevation (ft) 548.16 548.16 548.16 548.17 548.07
Low Bank Height Elevation (ft) 548.16 548.16 548.16 548.17 548.07
Bankfull Width (ft) 9.1 9.3 10.8 13.8 9.6
Floodprone Width (ft) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Mean Depth (ft) 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0
Bankfull Max Depth (ft) 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7
Bankfull Cross-Sectional Area (ft2) 10.3 9.6 10.4 10.1 9.7
Bankfull Width/Depth Ratio 8.1 9.0 11.2 18.9 9.6
Bankfull Entrenchment Ratio1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Bankfull Bank Height Ratio3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1Entrenchment Ratio is the flood prone width divided by the bankfull width.
2Bank Height Ratio is the low bank height divided by the max depth of the bankfull channel.
3Cross-Section 7 bankfull elevation was misjudged at As-Built, baseline calculations were adjusted during MY1.
UT2 Reach 3
Cross-Section 8 (Riffle)
UT3
Cross-Section 9 (Riffle)
UT3
Cross-Section 10 (Pool)
UT2 Reach 2
Cross-Section 7 (Riffle)
Bankfull Dimensions
9.1 x-section area (ft.sq.)
8.4 width (ft)
1.1 mean depth (ft)
1.8 max depth (ft)
9.0 wetted perimeter (ft)
1.0 hydraulic radius (ft)
7.8 width-depth ratio
100.0 W flood prone area (ft)
11.9 entrenchment ratio
< 1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
View Downstream
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Cross-Section 1-UT1 Reach 1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
548
550
552
554
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
101+65 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
17.6 x-section area (ft.sq.)
15.8 width (ft)
1.1 mean depth (ft)
1.9 max depth (ft)
16.5 wetted perimeter (ft)
1.1 hydraulic radius (ft)
14.2 width-depth ratio
130.0 W flood prone area (ft)
8.2 entrenchment ratio
1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
Cross-Section 2-UT1 Reach 1
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
View Downstream
543
545
547
549
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
111+56 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
31.0 x-section area (ft.sq.)
18.0 width (ft)
1.7 mean depth (ft)
3.4 max depth (ft)
19.7 wetted perimeter (ft)
1.6 hydraulic radius (ft)
10.5 width-depth ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Cross-Section 3-UT1 Reach 1
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
View Downstream
540
542
544
546
548
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
112+00 Pool
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull
Bankfull Dimensions
13.3 x-section area (ft.sq.)
13.8 width (ft)
1.0 mean depth (ft)
1.7 max depth (ft)
14.5 wetted perimeter (ft)
0.9 hydraulic radius (ft)
14.4 width-depth ratio
120.0 W flood prone area (ft)
8.7 entrenchment ratio
< 1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
Cross-Section 4-UT1 Reach 1
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
View Downstream
538
540
542
544
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
122+02 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
20.3 x-section area (ft.sq.)
12.5 width (ft)
1.6 mean depth (ft)
2.8 max depth (ft)
14.6 wetted perimeter (ft)
1.4 hydraulic radius (ft)
7.7 width-depth ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
View Downstream
Cross-Section 5-UT1 Reach 1
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
537
539
541
543
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
122+37 Pool
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull
Bankfull Dimensions
13.4 x-section area (ft.sq.)
12.8 width (ft)
1.0 mean depth (ft)
1.8 max depth (ft)
13.6 wetted perimeter (ft)
1.0 hydraulic radius (ft)
12.2 width-depth ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
Cross-Section 6-UT2 Reach 2
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
View Downstream
547
549
551
553
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
220+79 Pool
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull
Bankfull Dimensions
4.6 x-section area (ft.sq.)
8.0 width (ft)
0.6 mean depth (ft)
0.9 max depth (ft)
8.4 wetted perimeter (ft)
0.5 hydraulic radius (ft)
13.8 width-depth ratio
130.0 W flood prone area (ft)
16.3 entrenchment ratio
1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
View Downstream
Cross-Section 7-UT2 Reach 2
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
547
549
551
553
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
221+10 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
6.5 x-section area (ft.sq.)
10.5 width (ft)
0.6 mean depth (ft)
1.1 max depth (ft)
10.9 wetted perimeter (ft)
0.6 hydraulic radius (ft)
17.0 width-depth ratio
190.0 W flood prone area (ft)
18.1 entrenchment ratio
1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
Cross-Section 8-UT2 Reach 3
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
View Downstream
542
544
546
548
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
226+33 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
3.9 x-section area (ft.sq.)
7.6 width (ft)
0.5 mean depth (ft)
0.9 max depth (ft)
7.9 wetted perimeter (ft)
0.5 hydraulic radius (ft)
14.6 width-depth ratio
200.0 W flood prone area (ft)
26.5 entrenchment ratio
1.0 low bank height ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
View Downstream
Cross-Section 9-UT3
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
546
548
550
552
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
307+74 Riffle
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)
MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull Bankfull (Based on MY0 Area)Floodprone Area
Bankfull Dimensions
9.7 x-section area (ft.sq.)
9.6 width (ft)
1.0 mean depth (ft)
1.7 max depth (ft)
10.7 wetted perimeter (ft)
0.9 hydraulic radius (ft)
9.6 width-depth ratio
Survey Date:04/2023
Field Crew:Wildlands Engineering
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Cross-Section Plots
Cross-Section 10-UT3
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
View Downstream
545
547
549
551
0 10 20 30 40 50
El
e
v
a
t
i
o
n

(
f
t
)
Width (ft)
307+95 Pool
MY0 (05/2019)MY1 (11/2019)MY2 (06/2020)MY3 (05/2021)MY5 (04/2023)Bankfull
Table 10. Bank Pin Exposure
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Upstream 0.0 (in)0.0 (in)0.0 (in)0.0 (in)0.0 (in)
Midstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Downstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Upstream 0.0 0.35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Midstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Downstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Upstream 0.0 0.88 0.0 0.0 0.0
Midstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Downstream 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Upstream 0.0 3.5 0.50 0.0 1.13
Midstream 0.0 0.5 0.63 0.88 1.38
Downstream 0.0 0.0 0.75 1.25 1.00
UT1
Reach 1
(112+00)
UT1
Reach 1
(122+30)
UT2
Reach 2
(220+70)
UT3
(307+50)
PinLocation
Monitoring Year (Date Observed)
MY7MY6MY5
(11/29/2022)
MY4
(11/29/2022)
MY3
(11/19/2021)
MY2
(11/24/2020)
MY1
(11/19/2019)

APPENDIX 5. Hydrology Summary and Data Plots
Table 11. Verification of Bankfull Events
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
MY1 (2019)1 MY2 (2020)MY3 (2021)MY4 (2022)MY5 (2023)2 MY6 (2024)MY7 (2025)Method
2/6/2020 1/3/2022 4/7/2023
6/11/2020 3/17/2022
11/12/2020 7/9/2022
1/24/2020 1/3/2021 1/3/2022 1/25/2023
2/6/2020 1/31/2021 4/7-8/2023
6/11/2020 2/16/2021 4/14/2023
11/12/2020 3/31/2021 4/30/2023
12/16/2020 8/20/2021 6/19/2023
6/23/2023
7/8-9/2023
1/24/2020
2/6/2020
1Gauges were not installed until April 19, 2019. No data was collected for January through mid-April.
2Data was collected through November 20, 2023. The remainder of MY5 data will be updated in MY6.
1 2023 monthly rainfall data collected through November 30, 2023 from Siler City Airport (SILR) weather station, approximately 11 miles from the Site (NC Climate Office, 2023).
2 30th and 70th percentile rainfall data collected from Siler City 2 N weather station, approximately 7 miles from the Site (USDA, 2023).
Summary of Recorded Bankfull Events for Monitoring Years 1 through 7
Reach
9/22/2021
Date of Occurrence
UT1
Reach 1 None Recorded
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
3/17/2022
1/3/2021
2/16/2021
4/7/2023
7/9/2023
Monthly Rainfall Data
12/20/2019
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
UT2
Reach 2
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Pressure
Transducer
UT3 None Recorded
6/11/2020
7/9/2022
7/9/2023
12/24/2020 9/22-23/2021
3/17/2022
3/12/2022
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23 Apr-23 May-23 Jun-23 Jul-23 Aug-23 Sep-23 Oct-23 Nov-23
Pr
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Date
Bethel Branch 30-70 Percentile Graph for Rainfall in Siler City, NC 2023
2023 Rainfall 30th Percentile 70th Percentile
Table 12. In-Stream Flow Gauge Attainment Summary
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
MY1 (2019)1 MY2 (2020)MY3 (2021)MY4 (2022)MY5 (2023)2 MY6 (2024)MY7 (2025)
3 Days/
19 Days
74 Days/
144 Days
106 Days/
143 Days
37 Days/
131 Days
95 Days/
158 Days
*Success criterion is presence of baseflow for a minimum of 30 consecutive days.
1Flow gauge was installed May 3, 2019. No data was collected January-April 2019.
2Data collected through November 20, 2023.
Summary of In-Stream Flow Gauge Results for Monitoring Years 1 through 7
Reach Max Consecutive Days/Total Days of Baseflow*
UT3
Recorded In-Stream Flow Events Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
95 days of consecutive stream flow
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
555
556
557
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Water Level Thalweg Bankfull 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch: UT3 In-Stream Flow Gauge
Table 13. Wetland Gauge Attainment Summary
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
MY1 (2019)MY2 (2020)MY3 (2021)MY4 (2022)MY5 (2023)MY6 (2024)MY7 (2025)
1 Yes/25 Days
(10.2%)
No/16 Days
(6.1%)
Yes/40 Days
(15.3%)
Yes/21 Days
(8.0%)
Yes/36 Days
(13.7%)
2 Yes/34 Days
(13.9%)
Yes/37 Days
(14.1%)
Yes/49 Days
(18.7%)
No/20 Days
(7.6%)
Yes/36 Days
(13.7%)
3 Yes/23 Days
(9.4%)
Yes/34 Days
(13.0%)
Yes/40 Days
(15.3%)
Yes/24 Days
(9.2%)
Yes/36 Days
(13.7%)
4 Yes/47 Days
(19.2%)
Yes/44 Days
(16.8%)
Yes/62 Days
(23.7%)
Yes/36 Days
(13.7%)
Yes/83 Days
(31.7%)
5 No/15 Days
(5.7%)
Yes/44 Days
(16.8%)
Yes/27 Days
(10.3%)
Yes/24 Days
(9.2%)
6 No/18 Days
(6.9%)
Yes/45 Days
(17.2%)
Yes/22 Days
(8.4%)
Yes/34 Days
(13.0%)
1Success criterion is presence of a free groundwater surface within 12 inches of the soil surface for a consecutive 8.0% (21 days) of the growing season.
Summary of Groundwater Gauge Results for Monitoring Years 1 through 7
Gauge Success Criterion Achieved1/Max Consecutive Days During Growing Season (Percentage)
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Installed
During MY2
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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0
2
3
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11
/
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7
/
2
0
2
3
36 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #1 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #1
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE2
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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0
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S
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11
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7
/
2
0
2
3
36 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #2 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #2
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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11
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7
/
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0
2
3
36 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #3 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #3
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE2
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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11
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7
/
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0
2
3
83 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #4 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #4
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE1
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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11
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/
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0
2
3
24 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #5 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #5
Groundwater Gauge Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Wetland RE2
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
St
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11
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7
/
2
0
2
3
34 max consecutive days
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Daily Precipitation Gauge #6 Criteria Level Soil Surface 30-Day Rolling Precip Total 30th & 70th Percentile
Bethel Branch Groundwater Gauge #6
Soil Temperature Probe Plot
Monitoring Year 5 - 2023
Bethel Branch Mitigation Site
USACE Action ID No. 2016-02365
Ja
n
Fe
b
Ma
r
Ap
r
Ma
y
Ju
n
Ju
l
Au
g
Se
p
Oc
t
No
v
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Te
m
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e

(
F
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Monitoring Year 5 -2023
Soil Probe Temperature Criteria Level
Bethel Branch Soil Temperature Probe
St
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