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Home My WebLink AboutSAC Presentation - Vander Borgh - Satellite ImagingDepartment of Environmental Quality Utilizing Satellite Imaging Technologies to Visualize Algal Blooms NCDP SAC Meeting November 17, 2023 Satellite Imaging Technologies 2 •Report and Studies review; Implications for the NCDP process •N-STEP NC CyAN Albemarle Sound (USEPA and Tetra Tech 2023) •Cyanobacteria Monitoring from Space: Current and Future Applications (USEPA ORD) •Satellite remote sensing of chl-a in support of nutrient management in the Neuse and Tar-Pamico River estuaries (Darryl J. Keith. USEPA 2014) Satellite Platform Satellite Sensor Satellite Sensor Name Agency Image Frequency (days)Timeperiod Envisat MERIS Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer ESA 2-3 2002–2012 Terra & Aqua MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NASA 2-3 2000–Present Sentinel-3 OLCI Ocean and Land Color Imager ESA 1-2 2016–Present NC CyAN Report Overview •N-STEP project (USEPA and Tetra Tech) •Satellite Imaging Data •Cyanobacteria Assessment Network (CyAN) •Initiated in March of 2020 •Final report February 2023 •Evaluates phycocyanin •Blue green algae pigment •Can be linked to cyanotoxins •Explored 7 polygons (shape files) •Pixels 300m x 300m•Pixel + Pixel + Pixel = Raster •Raster + Raster + Raster / Averaged •Data expressed as cells/ml •Evaluated by year and growing season 3 Name Area (sq km) Albemarle Sound 1,024 Chowan River Extended 208 Alligator River 178 Pasquotank River 59 North River 36 Perquimans River 23 Little River 12 Full report: NSTEPS NC CyAN Analysis_v3.0_02922023 NC CyAN Exploration Metrics 4 3 CyAN Metrics •Frequency •Magnitude •Extent 5 CyAN Thresholds •No Bloom •Low Bloom •Medium Bloom •High Bloom •Total Bloom •(results presented) Cyanobacteria (cells/mL) WHO Risk Level <20,000 Low 20,000 to 100,000 Moderate >100,000 High World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines CyAN Threshold No Bloom Low Bloom Medium Bloom High Bloom Total Bloom NC CyAN Trend Analysis •Seasonal Mann-Kendall (SMK) analysis was usedto assess trends over time •Non-parametric •Detect monotonic trends •Results from ≥ 2016 •Bloom vs no bloom 5 NC CyAN SMK Trend Analysis 6 Estuary Frequency Total Bloom Trend Albemarle Sound ↔ Alligator River ↑ Chowan River Extended ↑ Little River ↑ North River ↔ Pasquotank River ↔ Perquimans River ↑ ↔ = no change ↑ = increase NC CyAN SMK Trend Analysis 7 Estuary Magnitude Normalized Trend Albemarle Sound ↔ Alligator River ↑ Chowan River Extended ↔ Little River ↔ North River ↔ Pasquotank River ↔ Perquimans River ↑ ↔ = no change ↑ = increase NC CyAN SMK Trend Analysis 8 Estuary Extent Total Bloom Trend Albemarle Sound ↔ Alligator River ↑ Chowan River Extended ↑ Little River ↑ North River ↔ Pasquotank River ↔ Perquimans River ↑ ↔ = no change ↑ = increase NC CyAN Report: Take Home 9 •From 2008 to present •Increasing CyAN trends observed •Frequency, Magnitude, and Extent •Alligator and Perquimans •Frequency and Extent only •Chowan and Little •Non-significant trends •Albemarle Sound •North River and Pasquotank •But among highest values NC CyAN: Next Steps •Smaller Polygons •Limited to 300m x 300m •DWR Assessment Units (AUs) •Identify Hot Spots •Data mining •Blooms •Chl-a •Nutrients •Toxins •Bioaccumulation 10 NC CyAN: Next Steps •Risk Assessment: Blooms to Microcystin 11 Source: Handler et al. 2023. Science of the Total Environment Satellite remote sensing chl-a… Darryl Keith’s Report Overview •Focus Area: Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River estuaries •Spectral imagery: MERIS •Timeframe: 2006 to 2009 •Retrospective analysis of the chl-a standard and Total Maximum daily load (TMDL) •Evaluates chl-a (as opposed to CyAN phycocyanin) •10/40 •Documents exceedances (> 10%) when chl-a data does not exist •Translates chl-a levels to nutrients 12 Full Report: Satellite remote sensing of chlorophyll a in support of nutrient management in the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River estuaries Darryl J. Keith (USEPA) Remote sensing of Environment 153 (2014) 61-78 Keith’s Report: Examples 13 Chl-a signatures in the Tar-Pam on a daily scale Chl-a signatures in the Tar-Pam on an annual scale Introducing Sentinal-2 14 Source: Salls et al. In Review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment USEPA Acknowledgements 15 •Galen Kaufman •Michael Paul •Blake Schaeffer •Wilson Salls •Jacques Oliver •Mark Fernandez •Darryl Keith Special Thanks, Courtney Di Vittorio, Wake Forest University Chowan River photo submitted to Algal Bloom reporting dashboard 2021