040036_05 Geology Report_20230607

USDA
United States
Department of
Agriculture
Natural
Subject: White Rock Dairy, Waste Storage Pond
Resources
Trip Report
Conservation
Service
Anson County, North Carolina
4407 Bland Rd. Gowon Goode
Suite 117
Raleigh, NC 27609 To: Area 2 Supervisory Engineer
PREPARED BY:
Date: December 20, 2022
File Code: 210-16-11
Zac Butler
Geologist - North Carolina & South Carolina (NC & SC), NRCS, Raleigh, NC
CC:
Jim Kjelgaard, State Conservation Engineer, NRCS, Raleigh, NC
Mary Waligora, Assistant State Conservation Engineer, NRCS, Raleigh, NC
Richard Pigg, Conservation Engineering Assistant, NRCS, Monroe, NC
Maria Pittsinger, Civil Engineer, NRCS, Raleigh, NC
Tiffany Wei, Civil/Agricultural Engineer, NRCS, Pittsboro, NC
TRAVEL PERIOD
November 16, 2022: Soil investigation for waste pond location.
PURPOSE OF THE TRIP
• Gowon Goode requested Zac Butler give geological assistance for White Rock Dairy site
to excavate test pits, identify a suitable clay liner for a proposed waste storage pond,
and collect and identify soil for borrow material. In addition, the area office requested
that we send 5-gallon buckets of the clay soils to the Fort Worth Soils Lab to test them
for suitable liner material.

PARTICIPANTS
Zac Butler Geologist
Maria Pittsinger Civil Engineer
Richard Pigg Conservation Engineering Assistant
Roddy Purser Owner of White Rock Dairy
BACKGROUND
• Gowon Goode requested a geological investigation from Zac Butler to identify liner
material and borrow material for a waste storage pond on White Rock Dairy.
• Mr. Purser provided an excavator to dig eight (8) test pits in the prospected waste
storage pond location and to find the borrow material.
• Three (3) 5-gallon buckets were taken by Zac Butler to be sent to the Soil Mechanics Lab
in Fort Worth, Texas, for analysis on borrow material.
• EQIP plans to fund the animal waste pond at White Rock Dairy in Anson County.
• White Rock Dairy only has 60-90 days of available storage.
Geological Background
• The bedrock in this location is the Newark Supergroup, Chatham Group, Undivided. The
Chatham Group is a conglomerate, fanglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone.
Conglomerate and fanglomerate shown by pattern. The geological age of this formation
is Triassic (Figure 1).
See Attachment 1: Custom Soil Resource Report for Anson County, North Carolina, for
the soil map, Unified Soil Classification (Surface), parent material, depth to water table,
and engineering properties within the prospected area.
Summary
• White Rock Dairy is located at 1472 Jopennie Rd, Peachland, INC (Latitude: 34.814330,
Longitude:-80.245684) (Figure 2).
• The waste storage pond location will be approximately Latitude: 34.818173 Longitude: -
E381WillVAGIVA
• Eight (8) total test pits were excavated using an excavator with a 20-foot arm.
• For test pit locations see Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the estimated location of Pits 1
through 8, which refers to TP-22-1 through 8 in the report.
• For test pit locations, also see Table 1. Table 1 shows the Point number, Northing,
Easting, Elevation, and Point Name in North Carolina 3200 (United States/State Plane
1983 US survey ft.)
o Each test pit elevation and coordinates were estimated using Google Earth.

Table 1: Estimated location of each test pit taken at White Rock Dairy.
Point #
Northing
Easting
Elevation (ft)
Point Name
1
391150.567
1619855.996
385
TP-22-1
2
391090.761
1619608.503
377
TP-22-2
3
391244.652
1619584.955
379
TP-22-3
4
391244.418
1619688.806
381
TP-22-4
5
391345.460
1619813.760
381
TP-22-5
6
391435.375
1619955.080
393
TP-22-6
7
391280.405
1620120.290
398
TP-22-7
8
391254.792
1620245.128
410
TP-22-8
• NRCS conducted the site investigation with a preliminary location of the waste
management system (Figure 4).
• Generally, the test pits were excavated to the maximum reach of the backhoe, or until
bedrock was more challenging to break up.
• Water was not present in any of the test pits.
• Identification of soils, assignment of group names and symbols based on the Unified Soil
Classification System (USCS) and classifying soils using visual -manual procedures (ASTM
D 2488-17).
• Generally, soils were clayey sands to silty sands (SC-SM) near the subsurface underlain
by lean clays (CL) to weathered bedrock (Triassic Shale). The weathered shale was easy
to excavate. See attached detailed description of each test pit. The soils in the proposed
waste storage pond appears suitable for constructing a waste storage pond. In addition,
these residual piedmont soils should have sufficient strength to support an earthen
embankment of an animal waste pond.
• See Attachment 2 for test pit profiles.
Recommendations
• Recommend waiting for soil analysis and report from Fort Worth center before making
final determinations on site suitability. The clay blanket should be designed according to
the recommendations of the soil mechanic report. The pool area of the pond should be
excavated, and the clay layer installed with proper moisture and compaction.
• A construction inspector should be on site during the stockpiling and installation phase
of the liner to assure that the proper materials are used. In addition, the liner may need
to be protected from drying after installation. This action prevents desiccation cracks
from forming and compromising the liner's integrity.
• Locate the impoundment bottom elevation a minimum of 2 feet above the seasonal
high-water table unless special design features are incorporated that address buoyant
forces, impoundment seepage rate, and no encroachment of the water table by
contaminants. Drains may lower the water table to meet this requirement.

White Rock Dairy
Anson, County
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r
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1 - :
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Legend
Formation
L Metamudstone and Meta-Argillite
/ Newark Supergroup,
{, Preliminary Location For Waste Pond
�r White Rock Dairy
Figure 1: Plan view of the geology located at White Rock Dairy in Anson County, NC.

GoogleEarth
r � -
Legend
mw IN Waste Pond Location
rWhite Rock Dairy
9p
t - _ Waste Pond Location
White Rock Dairy
-----SDr0WNe AR9N NA
_ r'
fr
i County, NC.
�A
1V
3000 ft

Ir
jp
Figure 3: Plan view of estimated test pit locations (Points are estimated because the Trimble data would not transfer correctly).

Figure 4: Plan view of proposed waste pond location.

Attachment 1
Custom Soil Resource Report

USDA United States
Department of
Agriculture
N RCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Anson County,
North Carolina
November 21, 2022

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................
2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
SoilMap..................................................................................................................
8
SoilMap................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
MapUnit Legend................................................................................................
11
MapUnit Descriptions.........................................................................................11
Anson County, North Carolina........................................................................
13
CrB—Creedmoor fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...........................13
MaB—Mayodan fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .............................14
PwC3—Polkton-White Store complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes,
severelyeroded....................................................................................
15
Wh132—White Store fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes,
moderatelyeroded................................................................................16
Soil Information for All Uses...............................................................................18
Soil Properties and Qualities..............................................................................
18
Soil Qualities and Features.............................................................................18
Unified Soil Classification (Surface)............................................................
18
Parent Material Name.................................................................................
23
WaterFeatures...............................................................................................
26
Depth to Water Table...................................................................................26
SoilReports........................................................................................................32
Soil Physical Properties..................................................................................
32
Physical Soil Properties...............................................................................32
Engineering Properties................................................................................39
References............................................................................................................
45
2

How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil -vegetation -landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
5

Custom Soil Resource Report
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil -landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil -landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field -observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
0

Custom Soil Resource Report
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
7

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CrB
Creedmoor fine sandy loam, 2
74.6
71.9%
to 8 percent slopes
Mayodan fine sandy loam, 2 to
MaB
5.6
5.4%
8 percent slopes
PwC3
Polkton-White Store complex, 8
20.6
19.8%
to 15 percent slopes,
severely eroded
WhB2
White Store fine sandy loam, 2
3.0
2.9%
to 8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
Totals for Area of Interest
103.9
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Anson County, North Carolina
CrB—Creedmoor fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3v4v
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Creedmoor and similar soils: 90 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Creedmoor
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from shale and siltstone and/or mudstone
and/or sandstone
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 14 inches: fine sandy loam
Bt1 - 14 to 29 inches: silty clay loam
Bt2 - 29 to 56 inches: silty clay
BCg - 56 to 72 inches: loam
Cr - 72 to 96 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 72 to 100 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 13.0
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.0 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F136XY410NC - Triassic basin upland forest, seasonally wet
Hydric soil rating: No
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
MaB—Mayodan fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3v5h
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Mayodan and similar soils: 85 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Mayodan
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mudstone and/or shale and siltstone
and/or sandstone
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 6 inches: fine sandy loam
BE - 6 to 9 inches: sandy clay loam
Bt - 9 to 33 inches: clay
BC - 33 to 40 inches: sandy clay loam
C - 40 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 7.0
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 9.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F136XY42ONC - Triassic basin upland forest, moist
Hydric soil rating: No
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
PwM—Polkton-White Store complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, severely
eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3v67
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Polkton, severely eroded, and similar soils: 50 percent
White store, severely eroded, and similar soils: 35 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Polkton, Severely Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mudstone and/or residuum weathered
from shale and siltstone and/or residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: sandy clay loam
Btss - 7 to 24 inches: clay
BC - 24 to 36 inches: clay loam
Cr- 36 to 52 inches: weathered bedrock
R - 52 to 80 inches: unweathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic bedrock; 40 to 80 inches
to lithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 30 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 6.1 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Ecological site: F136XY40ONC - Triassic basin upland hardpan woodland,
seasonally wet and seasonally dry
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of White Store, Severely Eroded
Setting
Landform: Hillslopes on ridges
Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mudstone and/or residuum weathered
from shale and siltstone and/or residuum weathered from sandstone
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 5 inches: clay loam
Btss - 5 to 48 inches: clay
C - 48 to 52 inches: clay loam
Cr - 52 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 20.0
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: F136XY40ONC - Triassic basin upland hardpan woodland,
seasonally wet and seasonally dry
Hydric soil rating: No
WhB2—White Store fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes, moderately
eroded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 3v6x
Elevation: 200 to 1,400 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 37 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 66 degrees F
Frost -free period: 200 to 240 days
16

Custom Soil Resource Report
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
White store, moderately eroded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of White Store, Moderately Eroded
Setting
Landform: Interfluves
Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit
Landform position (three-dimensional): Interfluve
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Residuum weathered from mudstone and/or shale and siltstone
and/or sandstone
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam
Btss - 5 to 48 inches: clay
C - 48 to 52 inches: clay loam
Cr - 52 to 80 inches: weathered bedrock
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic bedrock
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.06 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 6 to 18 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum: 20.0
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: D
Ecological site: F136XY40ONC - Triassic basin upland hardpan woodland,
seasonally wet and seasonally dry
Hydric soil rating: No
17

Soil Information for All Uses
Soil Properties and Qualities
The Soil Properties and Qualities section includes various soil properties and
qualities displayed as thematic maps with a summary table for the soil map units in
the selected area of interest. A single value or rating for each map unit is generated
by aggregating the interpretive ratings of individual map unit components. This
aggregation process is defined for each property or quality.
Soil Qualities and Features
Soil qualities are behavior and performance attributes that are not directly
measured, but are inferred from observations of dynamic conditions and from soil
properties. Example soil qualities include natural drainage, and frost action. Soil
features are attributes that are not directly part of the soil. Example soil features
include slope and depth to restrictive layer. These features can greatly impact the
use and management of the soil.
Unified Soil Classification (Surface)
The Unified soil classification system classifies mineral and organic mineral soils for
engineering purposes on the basis of particle -size characteristics, liquid limit, and
plasticity index. It identifies three major soil divisions: (i) coarse -grained soils having
less than 50 percent, by weight, particles smaller than 0.074 mm in diameter; (ii)
fine-grained soils having 50 percent or more, by weight, particles smaller than 0.074
mm in diameter; and (iii) highly organic soils that demonstrate certain organic
characteristics. These divisions are further subdivided into a total of 15 basic soil
groups. The major soil divisions and basic soil groups are determined on the basis
of estimated or measured values for grain -size distribution and Atterberg limits.
ASTM D 2487 shows the criteria chart used for classifying soil in the Unified system
and the 15 basic soil groups of the system and the plasticity chart for the Unified
system.
The various groupings of this classification correlate in a general way with the
engineering behavior of soils. This correlation provides a useful first step in any field
or laboratory investigation for engineering purposes. It can serve to make some
general interpretations relating to probable performance of the soil for engineering
uses.
18

Custom Soil Resource Report
For each soil horizon in the database one or more Unified soil classifications may
be listed. One is marked as the representative or most commonly occurring. The
representative classification is shown here for the surface layer of the soil.
19

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map —Unified Soil Classification (Surface)
ip
566500 566600 566700 566800 566900 567000 567100
34* 49113"N
N
Soil M;Iq. wo-a-Arl 11. 'i
'a I P M'
34' 48'53" N
566500 566600 566700 56M 56M
Map scale: 1:4,440 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. Meters
N 0 50 100 200 300
Feet
0 200 40D 800 1200
Map projection: Web Mentor Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: LJTM Zone 17N WGS84
20
567" %7100
3:
in
O
,%7400
34' 49'13"N
34o 48'53" N
567400

Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
ML-A (proposed)
~
GC
~
SP
0
MH-K (proposed)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
0
ML-K (proposed)
~
GC -GM
,,.yX
SP-SC
0
MH-O (proposed)
Soils
0
ML-O (proposed)
~
GM
~
SP-SM
0
MH-T (proposed)
Soil Rating
Polygons
0
CH
0
ML-T (proposed)
~
GP
~
SW
0
ML
0
CL
LA
OH
~
GP -GC
~
SW -SC
0
ML-A (proposed)
0
CL-A (proposed)
MOH-T
(proposed)
,.y,x
GP -GM
~
SW-SM
0
ML-K (proposed)
0
CL-K (proposed)
0
OL
~
GW
r r
Not rated or not available
0
ML-O (proposed)
0
CL-ML
0
PT
ram+'
GW-GC
Soil Rating Points
N
ML-T (proposed)
0
CL-0 (proposed)
0
SC
~
GW-GM
0
CH
0
OH
0
CL-T (proposed)
0
SC-SM
~
MH
0
CL0
OH-T (proposed)
0
GC
0
SM
,r.w/
MH-A (proposed)
CL-A (proposed)
0
OL
0
GC -GM
0
SP
,,.y,X
MH-K (proposed)
CL-K (proposed)
E]
PT
GM
0
SP-SC
~
MH-O (proposed)
0
CL-ML
❑
SC
0
GP
0
SP-SM
,ry
MH-T (proposed)
0CL-0
(proposed)
0
SC-SM
0
GP -GC
SW
~
ML
0CL-T
(proposed)
❑
SM
0
GP -GM
0
SW -SC
~
ML-A (proposed)
0
GC
❑
SP
0
GW
0
SW-SM
~
ML-K (proposed)
0
GC -GM
El
SP-SC
0
GW-GC
F—]
Not rated or not available
~
ML-O (proposed)
[3
GM
❑
SP-SM
0
GW-GM
Soil Rating
Lines
~
ML-T (proposed)
0
GP
SW
0
MH
~
CH
~
OH
[3
GP -GC
sW-SC
MH-A (proposed)
~
CL
r r
OH-T (proposed)
0
GP -GM
Ell
SW-SM
MH-K (proposed)
~
CL-A (proposed)
r
OL
0
GW
0
Not rated or not
�y,x
CL-K (proposed)
PT
0
GW-GC
available
0
MH-O (proposed)
r r
Water Features
0
MH-T (proposed)
,,y
CL-ML
n 0
SC
0
GW-GM
x
Streams and Canals
ML
~
CL-0 (proposed)
r 0
sC-sM
0
MH
Transportation
,ry,X
CL-T (proposed)
r
SM
0
MH-A (proposed)
}+{
Rails
21

MAP INFORMATION
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
® Aerial Photography
Custom Soil Resource Report
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Anson County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 27, Sep 7, 2022
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 17, 2022—May
20. 2022
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
22

Custom Soil Resource Report
Table —Unified Soil Classification (Surface)
Map unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CrB
Creedmoor fine sandy
SC-SM
74.6
71.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
Mayodan fine sandy
MaB
ML
5.6
5.4%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
PwC3
Polkton-White Store
CH
2O.6
19.8%
complex, 8 to 15
percent slopes,
severely eroded
WhB2
White Store fine sandy
ML
3.0
2.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes, moderately
eroded
Totals for Area of Interest
103.9
100.0%
Rating Options —Unified Soil Classification (Surface)
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Lower
Layer Options (Horizon Aggregation Method): Surface Layer (Not applicable)
Parent Material Name
Parent material name is a term for the general physical, chemical, and mineralogical
composition of the unconsolidated material, mineral or organic, in which the soil
forms. Mode of deposition and/or weathering may be implied by the name.
The soil surveyor uses parent material to develop a model used for soil mapping.
Soil scientists and specialists in other disciplines use parent material to help
interpret soil boundaries and project performance of the material below the soil.
Many soil properties relate to parent material. Among these properties are
proportions of sand, silt, and clay; chemical content; bulk density; structure; and the
kinds and amounts of rock fragments. These properties affect interpretations and
may be criteria used to separate soil series. Soil properties and landscape
information may imply the kind of parent material.
For each soil in the database, one or more parent materials may be identified. One
is marked as the representative or most commonly occurring. The representative
parent material name is presented here.
23

Custom Soil Resource Report
Map —Parent Material Name
ip
566500 566600 5%700 56MW 566900 567000 567100
34* 49113"N - 71
nrBI
Soil Map ma
34' 48'53" N # I - i
566500 566600 566700 56M 56M 567000
Map scale: 1:4,440 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. Meters
N 0 50 100 200 300
Feet
0 200 40D 800 1200
Map projection: Web Mentor Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: LJTM Zone 17N WGS84
24
%7100
O
567200 5673M %7400
34' 49'13"N
II
1 34' 48'53"N
567400
U,

Area of Interest (AOI)
0
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating
Polygons
0
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
residuum weathered from
sandstone
.
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or shale
and siltstone and/or
sandstone
0
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
mudstone and/or
sandstone
0
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating
Lines
r r
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
residuum weathered from
sandstone
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or shale
and siltstone and/or
sandstone
MAP LEGEND
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
mudstone and/or
sandstone
im 0 Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
residuum weathered from
sandstone
residuum weathered from
mudstone and/or shale
and siltstone and/or
sandstone
residuum weathered from
shale and siltstone and/or
mudstone and/or
sandstone
Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
}}4 Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Custom Soil Resource Report
MAP INFORMATION
111116 Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24, 000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data
as of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Anson County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 27, Sep 7, 2022
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 17, 2022—May
20, 2022
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
25

Custom Soil Resource Report
Table —Parent Material Name
Map unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CrB
Creedmoor fine sandy
residuum weathered
74.6
71.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
from shale and
slopes
siltstone and/or
mudstone and/or
sandstone
MaB
Mayodan fine sandy
residuum weathered
5.6
5.4%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
from mudstone and/or
slopes
shale and siltstone
and/or sandstone
PwC3
Polkton-White Store
residuum weathered
20.6
19.8%
complex, 8 to 15
from mudstone and/or
percent slopes,
residuum weathered
severely eroded
from shale and
siltstone and/or
residuum weathered
from sandstone
WhB2
White Store fine sandy
residuum weathered
3.0
2.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
from mudstone and/or
slopes, moderately
shale and siltstone
eroded
and/or sandstone
Totals for Area of Interest
103.9
100.0%
Rating Options —Parent Material Name
Aggregation Method: Dominant Condition
Component Percent Cutoff: None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Lower
Water Features
Water Features include ponding frequency, flooding frequency, and depth to water
table.
Depth to Water Table
"Water table" refers to a saturated zone in the soil. It occurs during specified
months. Estimates of the upper limit are based mainly on observations of the water
table at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone, namely grayish colors
(redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a
month is not considered a water table.
This attribute is actually recorded as three separate values in the database. A low
value and a high value indicate the range of this attribute for the soil component. A
26

Custom Soil Resource Report
"representative" value indicates the expected value of this attribute for the
component. For this soil property, only the representative value is used.
27

3
N
co
566500
34° 49' 13" N
34° 48' 53" N
566500 566600 566700 56M 56M
3
Map Scale: 1:4,440 i printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet.
Meters
N 0 50 100 200 300
Feet
0 200 40D 800 1200
Map projection: Web Mentor Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 17N WGS84
28
Custom Soil Resource Report
Map —Depth to Water Table
56M 5%700 566800 5669W 567000
567100 567200 567300
567000 567100 567200 567300
3
a
0
w
567400
34' 49' 13" N
34' 48' 53" N
567400
3
m
S

MAP LEGEND
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Rating Polygons
0
0-25
25 - 50
0
50 - 100
0
100 - 150
0
150 - 200
-
> 200
0
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Lines
0 - 25
r r
25 - 50
r r
50 - 100
r r
100 - 150
r,r
150-200
,y
> 200
r
Not rated or not available
Soil Rating Points
0-25
0
25 - 50
0
50 - 100
0
100 - 150
0
150 - 200
> 200
Custom Soil Resource Report
0 Not rated or not available
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
+_" Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
® Aerial Photography
MAP INFORMATION
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:24,000.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Anson County, North Carolina
Survey Area Data: Version 27, Sep 7, 2022
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Apr 17, 2022—May
20. 2022
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.

Custom Soil Resource Report
Table —Depth to Water Table
Map unit symbol
Map unit name
Rating (centimeters)
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
CrB
Creedmoor fine sandy
54
74.6
71.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
5.6
5.4%
MaB
Mayodan fine sandy
>200
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes
PwC3
Polkton-White Store
61
20.6
19.8%
complex, 8 to 15
percent slopes,
severely eroded
WhB2
White Store fine sandy
38
3.0
2.9%
loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes, moderately
eroded
Totals for Area of Interest
103.9
100.0%
011

Custom Soil Resource Report
Rating Options —Depth to Water Table
Units of Measure: centimeters
Aggregation Method: Dominant Component
Component Percent Cutoff.- None Specified
Tie -break Rule: Lower
Interpret Nulls as Zero: No
Beginning Month: January
Ending Month: December
31

Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Reports
The Soil Reports section includes various formatted tabular and narrative reports
(tables) containing data for each selected soil map unit and each component of
each unit. No aggregation of data has occurred as is done in reports in the Soil
Properties and Qualities and Suitabilities and Limitations sections.
The reports contain soil interpretive information as well as basic soil properties and
qualities. A description of each report (table) is included.
Soil Physical Properties
This folder contains a collection of tabular reports that present soil physical
properties. The reports (tables) include all selected map units and components for
each map unit. Soil physical properties are measured or inferred from direct
observations in the field or laboratory. Examples of soil physical properties include
percent clay, organic matter, saturated hydraulic conductivity, available water
capacity, and bulk density.
Physical Soil Properties
This table shows estimates of some physical characteristics and features that affect
soil behavior. These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in the survey
area. The estimates are based on field observations and on test data for these and
similar soils.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil particle as measured by
sedimentation, sieving, or micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as
classes with specific effective diameter class limits. The broad classes are sand,
silt, and clay, ranging from the larger to the smaller.
Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2
millimeters in diameter. In this table, the estimated sand content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are 0.002 to 0.05
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated silt content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002
millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay content of each soil layer is
given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters
in diameter.
The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the physical behavior of a soil. Particle
size is important for engineering and agronomic interpretations, for determination of
soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil classification.
32

Custom Soil Resource Report
The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and physical condition of the soil and
the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They influence shrink -
swell potential, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), plasticity, the ease of soil
dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also
affect tillage and earthmoving operations.
Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per unit volume. Volume is
measured when the soil is at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at
1/3- or 1/1 0-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension. Weight is determined after the
soil is dried at 105 degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk density of each
soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less
than 2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to compute linear
extensibility, shrink -swell potential, available water capacity, total pore space, and
other soil properties. The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore space
available for water and roots. Depending on soil texture, a bulk density of more than
1.4 can restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced
by texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and soil structure.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) refers to the ease with which pores in a
saturated soil transmit water. The estimates in the table are expressed in terms of
micrometers per second. They are based on soil characteristics observed in the
field, particularly structure, porosity, and texture. Saturated hydraulic conductivity
(Ksat) is considered in the design of soil drainage systems and septic tank
absorption fields.
Available water capacity refers to the quantity of water that the soil is capable of
storing for use by plants. The capacity for water storage is given in inches of water
per inch of soil for each soil layer. The capacity varies, depending on soil properties
that affect retention of water. The most important properties are the content of
organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity
is an important factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and in the design
and management of irrigation systems. Available water capacity is not an estimate
of the quantity of water actually available to plants at any given time.
Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture
content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the volume
change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or
10kPa tension) and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the table as
percent change for the whole soil. The amount and type of clay minerals in the soil
influence volume change.
Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink -swell potential of soils. The
shrink -swell potential is low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3
percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9 percent; and very high if more than
9 percent. If the linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and swelling can cause
damage to buildings, roads, and other structures and to plant roots. Special design
commonly is needed.
Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in the soil at various stages of
decomposition. In this table, the estimated content of organic matter is expressed
as a percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in
diameter. The content of organic matter in a soil can be maintained by returning
crop residue to the soil.
Organic matter has a positive effect on available water capacity, water infiltration,
soil organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for
crops and soil organisms.
33

Custom Soil Resource Report
Erosion factors are shown in the table as the K factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor.
Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill erosion by
water. Factor K is one of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation
(USLE) and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to predict the
average annual rate of soil loss by sheet and rill erosion in tons per acre per year.
The estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic matter
and on soil structure and Ksat. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. Other factors
being equal, the higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill
erosion by water.
Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the whole soil. The estimates are
modified by the presence of rock fragments.
Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fine -earth fraction, or the material
less than 2 millimeters in size.
Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum average annual rate of soil erosion
by wind and/or water that can occur without affecting crop productivity over a
sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per year.
Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that have similar properties affecting
their susceptibility to wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to group 1
are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and those assigned to group 8 are the
least susceptible. The groups are described in the "National Soil Survey Handbook."
Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating the susceptibility of soil to wind
erosion, or the tons per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to wind
erosion. There is a close correlation between wind erosion and the texture of the
surface layer, the size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments, organic
matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil moisture and frozen soil layers also
influence wind erosion.
Reference:
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (http://soils.usda.gov)
34

Custom Soil Resource Report
Three values are provided to identify the expected Low (L), Representative Value (R), and High (H).
Physical Soil Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map symbol
Depth
Sand
Silt
Clay
Moist
Saturated
Available
Linear
Organic
Erosion
Wind
Wind
and soil name
bulk
hydraulic
water
extensibility
matter
factors
erodibility
erodibility
density
conductivity
capacity
group
index
Kw
Kf
T
In
Pct
Pct
Pct
g/cc
micro m/sec
In/In
Pct
Pct
CrB-
Creedmoor
fine sandy
loam, 2 to 8
percent
slopes
Creedmoor
0-14
-67-
-20-
7-14- 20
1.55-1.63-
14.00-28.00-42.
0.10-0.12-0.1
0.0- 1.5- 3.0
0.5- 1.3-
.28
.28
5
3
86
1.70
00
4
2.0
14-29
-17-
-53-
20-30- 35
1.45-1.55-
1.40-3.00-4.00
0.13-0.14-0.1
3.0- 5.0- 6.0
0.0- 0.3-
.49
.49
1.65
5
0.5
29-56
- 6-
-47-
35-48- 60
1.30-1.40-
0.42-0.91-1.40
0.13-0.14-0.1
6.0- 8.0- 9.0
0.0- 0.3-
.32
.32
1.50
5
0.5
56-72
-43-
-39-
5-18- 35
1.60-1.78-
0.01-0.20-0.42
0.10-0.12-0.1
1.0- 1.5- 6.0
0.0- 0.3-
.49
.49
1.95
4
0.5
72-96
-
-
-
-
0.00-0.21-0.42
0.00-0.00-0.0
-
-
1
35

Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map symbol
Depth
Sand
Silt
Clay
Moist
Saturated
Available
Linear
Organic
Erosion
Wind
Wind
and soil name
bulk
hydraulic
water
extensibility
matter
factors
erodibility
erodibility
density
conductivity
capacity
group
index
Kw
Kf
T
In
Pct
Pct
Pct
g/cc
micro m/sec
In/In
Pct
Pct
MaB-Mayodan
fine sandy
loam, 2 to 8
percent
slopes
Mayodan
0-6
-67-
-20-
5-13- 20
1.40-1.53-
14.00-28.00-42.
0.11-0.14-0.1
0.0- 1.5- 2.9
0.5- 1.3-
.24
.24
5
3
86
1.65
00
4.00-9.00-14.00
7
2.0
6-9
-56-
-15-
20-30- 40
1.30-1.35-
0.12-0.17-0.2
0.0- 1.5- 2.9
0.0- 0.1-
.20
.20
1.40
2
0.2
9-33
-23-
-29-
35-48- 60
1.25-1.40-
4.00-9.00-14.00
0.12-0.15-0.1
3.0- 4.5- 5.9
0.0- 0.1-
.20
.20
1.55
8
0.2
33-40
-56-
-18-
18-27- 35
1.35-1.42-
4.00-9.00-14.00
0.12-0.14-0.1
3.0- 4.5- 5.9
0.0- 0.1-
.24
.24
1.50
7
0.2
40-80
-56-
-15-
20-30- 40
1.30-1.35-
4.00-9.00-14.00
0.12-0.17-0.2
0.0- 1.5- 2.9
0.0- 0.1-
.20
.20
1.40
2
0.2
W

Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map symbol
Depth
Sand
Silt
Clay
Moist
Saturated
Available
Linear
Organic
Erosion
Wind
Wind
and soil name
bulk
hydraulic
water
extensibility
matter
factors
erodibility
erodibility
density
conductivity
capacity
group
index
Kw
Kf
T
In
Pct
Pct
Pct
g/cc
micro m/sec
In/In
Pct
Pct
PwC3-
Polkton-White
Store
complex, 8 to
15 percent
slopes,
severely
eroded
Polkton,
0-7
-53-
-14-
27-34- 40
1.25-1.38-
1.40-3.00-4.00
0.15-0.18-0.2
3.0- 4.5- 5.9
0.2- 0.6-
.24
.24
2
5
56
severely
1.50
0
1.0
eroded
7-24
-18-
-29-
35-53- 70
1.15-1.25-
0.01-0.20-0.42
0.15-0.16-0.1
9.0-17.0-25.0
0.0- 0.1-
.24
.24
1.35
7
0.2
24-36
-34-
-37-
20-30- 40
1.25-1.38-
0.42-1.70-4.00
0.15-0.18-0.2
6.0- 7.5- 8.9
0.0- 0.1-
.37
.37
1.50
0
0.2
36-52
-
-
-
-
0.00-0.70-1.40
0.00-0.00-0.0
-
-
1
52-80
-
-
-
-
0.00-0.21-0.42
0.00-0.00-0.0
-
-
1
White store,
0-5
-31-
-33-
27-36- 45
1.25-1.38-
0.42-1.70-4.00
0.15-0.18-0.2
6.0- 7.5- 8.9
0.0- 0.3-
.32
.32
3
4
86
severely
1.50
0
0.5
eroded
5-48
-16-
-26-
45-58- 70
1.15-1.25-
0.01-0.20-0.42
0.15-0.16-0.1
9.0-17.0-25.0
0.0- 0.1-
.24
.24
1.35
7
0.2
48-52
-34-
-37-
12-30- 40
1.15-1.25-
0.42-1.00-1.40
0.13-0.15-0.1
3.0- 4.5- 5.9
0.0- 0.1-
.37
.37
1.35
7
0.2
52-80
-
-
-
-
0.00-0.70-1.40
0.00-0.00-0.0
-
-
1
37

Custom Soil Resource Report
Physical Soil Properties —Anson County, North Carolina
Map symbol
Depth
Sand
Silt
Clay
Moist
Saturated
Available
Linear
Organic
Erosion
Wind
Wind
and soil name
bulk
hydraulic
water
extensibility
matter
factors
erodibility
erodibility
density
conductivity
capacity
group
index
Kw
Kf
T
In
Pct
Pct
Pct
g/cc
micro m/sec
In/In
Pct
Pct
WhB2—White
Store fine
sandy loam, 2
to 8 percent
slopes,
moderately
eroded
White store,
0-5
-71-
-17-
5-13- 20
1.30-1.48-
4.00-9.00-14.00
0.14-0.15-0.1
0.0- 1.5- 2.9
0.5- 1.3-
.32
.32
4
3
86
moderately
1.65
6
2.0
eroded
5-48
-16-
-26-
45-58- 70
1.15-1.25-
0.01-0.20-0.42
0.15-0.16-0.1
9.0-17.0-25.0
0.0- 0.1-
.24
.24
1.35
7
0.2
48-52
-34-
-37-
12-30- 40
1.15-1.25-
0.42-1.00-1.40
0.13-0.15-0.1
3.0- 4.5- 5.9
0.0- 0.1-
.37
.37
1.35
7
0.2
52-80
—
—
—
—
0.00-0.70-1.40
0.00-0.00-0.0
—
—
1
W

Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties
This table gives the engineering classifications and the range of engineering
properties for the layers of each soil in the survey area.
Hydrologic soil group is a group of soils having similar runoff potential under similar
storm and cover conditions. The criteria for determining Hydrologic soil group is
found in the National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://
directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=17757.wba).
Listing HSGs by soil map unit component and not by soil series is a new concept for
the engineers. Past engineering references contained lists of HSGs by soil series.
Soil series are continually being defined and redefined, and the list of soil series
names changes so frequently as to make the task of maintaining a single national
list virtually impossible. Therefore, the criteria is now used to calculate the HSG
using the component soil properties and no such national series lists will be
maintained. All such references are obsolete and their use should be discontinued.
Soil properties that influence runoff potential are those that influence the minimum
rate of infiltration for a bare soil after prolonged wetting and when not frozen. These
properties are depth to a seasonal high water table, saturated hydraulic conductivity
after prolonged wetting, and depth to a layer with a very slow water transmission
rate. Changes in soil properties caused by land management or climate changes
also cause the hydrologic soil group to change. The influence of ground cover is
treated independently. There are four hydrologic soil groups, A, B, C, and D, and
three dual groups, A/D, B/D, and C/D. In the dual groups, the first letter is for
drained areas and the second letter is for undrained areas.
The four hydrologic soil groups are described in the following paragraphs:
Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff potential) when thoroughly
wet. These consist mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained sands or
gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate of water transmission.
Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These
consist chiefly of moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or well drained
soils that have moderately fine texture to moderately coarse texture. These soils
have a moderate rate of water transmission.
Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wet. These consist
chiefly of soils having a layer that impedes the downward movement of water or
soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture. These soils have a slow rate of water
transmission.
Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink -swell
potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at
or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material.
These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission.
Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each layer is indicated.
Texture is given in the standard terms used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
These terms are defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and clay in the
fraction of the soil that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. "Loam," for example, is
soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and less than 52 percent sand.
If the content of particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an appropriate
modifier is added, for example, "gravelly."
39

Custom Soil Resource Report
Classification of the soils is determined according to the Unified soil classification
system (ASTM, 2005) and the system adopted by the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO, 2004).
The Unified system classifies soils according to properties that affect their use as
construction material. Soils are classified according to particle -size distribution of
the fraction less than 3 inches in diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid
limit, and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils are identified as GW, GP,
GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and
OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting engineering properties of two
groups can have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.
The AASHTO system classifies soils according to those properties that affect
roadway construction and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral soil
that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified in one of seven groups from A-1
through A-7 on the basis of particle -size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At
the other extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly organic soils are
classified in group A-8 on the basis of visual inspection.
If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and A-7 groups are further classified
as A-1-a, A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an additional
refinement, the suitability of a soil as subgrade material can be indicated by a group
index number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the best subgrade material to
20 or higher for the poorest.
Percentage of rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter and 3 to 10 inches
in diameter are indicated as a percentage of the total soil on a dry -weight basis. The
percentages are estimates determined mainly by converting volume percentage in
the field to weight percentage. Three values are provided to identify the expected
Low (L), Representative Value (R), and High (H).
Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated sieves is the percentage of the soil
fraction less than 3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The sieves,
numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00,
0.420, and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on laboratory tests
of soils sampled in the survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates made in
the field. Three values are provided to identify the expected Low (L), Representative
Value (R), and High (H).
Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) indicate the plasticity
characteristics of a soil. The estimates are based on test data from the survey area
or from nearby areas and on field examination. Three values are provided to identify
the expected Low (L), Representative Value (R), and High (H).
References:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
40

Custom Soil Resource Report
Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated. The asterisk " denotes the representative texture; other
possible textures follow the dash. The criteria for determining the hydrologic soil group for individual soil components is
found in the National Engineering Handbook, Chapter 7 issued May 2007(http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/
Open NonWebContent.aspx?content=17757.wba). Three values are provided to identify the expected Low (L),
Representative Value (R), and High (H).
Engineering Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map unit symbol and
Pct. of
Hydrolo
Depth
USDA texture
Classification
Pct Fragments
Percentage passing sieve number—
Liquid
Plasticit
soil name
map
gic
limit
y index
unit
group
Unified
AASHTO
>10
3-10
4
10
40
200
inches
inches
In
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
CrB—Creedmoor fine
sandy loam, 2 to 8
percent slopes
Creedmoor
90
C/D
0-14
Loam, fine sandy
SC-SM,
A-2-4, A-4
0- 0- 0
0-1-3
98-98-1
93-95-1
81-88-1
34-41-
15-20
NP-4 -7
loam
SM
00
00
00
49
-25
14-29
Sandy clay loam,
CL
A-6, A-7-6
0-0-0
0-1-3
98-98-1
93-95-1
83-94-1
73-84-
35-43
20-25-3
clay loam, silty
00
00
00
94
-50
0
clay loam
29-56
Clay, silty clay,
CH
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-1-3
98-98-1
92-94-1
80-94-1
77-91-1
51-65
25-37-4
sandy clay
00
00
00
00
-79
9
56-72
Loam, sandy loam,
CL-ML,
A-4, A-6,
0-0-0
0-2-4
98-98-1
94-95-1
71-84-1
48-61-
25-37
4-13-21
sandy clay loam,
ML, SC,
A-7-6
00
00
00
81
-49
silty clay loam
SM
72-96
Weathered bedrock
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
41

Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map unit symbol and
Pct. of
Hydrolo
Depth
USDA texture
Classification
Pct Fragments
Percentage passing sieve number—
Liquid
Plasticit
soil name
map
gic
limit
y index
unit
group
Unified
AASHTO
>10
3-10
4
10
40
200
inches
inches
In
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
MaB—Mayodan fine
sandy loam, 2 to 8
percent slopes
Mayodan
85
B
0-6
Fine sandy loam
ML, SM
A-2-4, A-4
0- 0- 0
0-3-4
92-95-1
76-87-1
65-81-1
26-36-
15-26
NP-4 -8
00
00
00
50
-36
6-9
Silty clay loam, clay
CL
A-4, A-6,
0-0-0
0-1-1
94-96-1
89-92-1
67-79-
36-46-
25-38
7-17-26
loam, sandy clay
A-7-6
00
00
96
60
-50
loam
9-33
Clay, sandy clay,
CH, CL,
A-7-5,
0-0-0
0-1-1
95-96-1
84-91-1
67-84-1
57-73-
41-61
15-30-4
silty clay
MH, ML
A-7-6
00
00
00
92
-80
5
33-40
Silty clay loam, clay
CL
A-4, A-6,
0-0-0
0-1-1
95-96-1
89-93-1
70-80-
38-47-
25-38
7-17-26
loam, sandy clay
A-7-6
00
00
95
59
-50
loam
40-80
Silty clay loam, clay
CL
A-4, A-6,
0-0-0
0-1-1
94-96-1
89-92-1
67-79-
36-46-
25-38
7-17-26
loam, sandy clay
A-7-6
00
00
96
60
-50
loam
42

Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map unit symbol and
Pct. of
Hydrolo
Depth
USDA texture
Classification
Pct Fragments
Percentage passing sieve number—
Liquid
Plasticit
soil name
map
gic
limit
y index
unit
group
Unified
AASHTO
>10
3-10
4
10
40
200
inches
inches
In
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
PwC3—Polkton-White
Store complex, 8 to
15 percent slopes,
severely eroded
Polkton, severely
50
D
0-7
Sandy clay loam
CH, CL
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
95-98-1
80-90-
70-78-
45-53
25-30-3
eroded
00
00
99
85
-60
5
7-24
Clay, sandy clay,
CH
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
90-95-1
80-90-1
70-84-
70-81
45-55-6
silty clay
00
00
00
98
-92
5
24-36
Clay loam, sandy
CH, CL
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
95-98-1
80-90-
70-78-
45-58
25-35-4
clay loam, silty
00
00
99
85
-70
5
clay loam
36-52
Weathered bedrock
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
52-80
Unweathered
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
bedrock
White store, severely
35
D
0-5
Clay loam
CH, CL
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-1-3
96-98-1
91-94-1
75-87-1
59-70-
45-58
25-35-4
eroded
00
00
00
83
-70
5
5-48
Clay
CH
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-1-3
94-96-1
82-90-1
69-86-1
61-78-
70-81
45-55-6
00
00
00
99
-92
5
48-52
Sandy loam, loam,
CL
A-6, A-7-6
0-0-0
0-1-3
94-96-1
77-86-1
57-79-1
42-62-
25-38
10-20-3
clay loam
00
00
00
82
-50
0
52-80
Weathered bedrock
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
43

Custom Soil Resource Report
Engineering Properties -Anson County, North Carolina
Map unit symbol and
Pct. of
Hydrolo
Depth
USDA texture
Classification
Pct Fragments
Percentage passing sieve number—
Liquid
Plasticit
soil name
map
gic
limit
y index
unit
group
Unified
AASHTO
>10
3-10
4
10
40
200
inches
inches
In
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
L-R-H
WhB2—White Store
fine sandy loam, 2 to
8 percent slopes,
moderately eroded
White store,
80
D
0-5
Fine sandy loam
CL-ML,
A-4
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
95-98-1
75-86-
56-66-
15-20
NP-4 -7
moderately eroded
ML
00
00
96
76
-25
5-48
Clay
CH
A-7-6
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
90-95-1
85-92-
80-89-
70-81
45-55-6
00
00
99
98
-92
5
48-52
Sandy loam, loam,
CL
A-6, A-7-6
0-0-0
0-2-3
95-98-1
85-93-1
75-85-
55-70-
25-38
10-20-3
clay loam
00
00
95
85
-50
0
52-80
Weathered bedrock
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
44

References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres 142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nres142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
45

Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nres/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nres142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nres142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290.pdf
46

Attachment 2
Test Pit Profiles

Legend
TP-1-1 Test pit -year -number of pit
� Groundwater level
--- 5-gallon bucket lab sample
Surface
T. D. Total Depth
East I a II Identifies which gall of the test pit the reader is lookingat

S
TP-22-1
North Wall
SC-SM
1 ft.\ --------------------------------------------------------------------
CL
3ft.\ ---------------------------------------------------------
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
T. D. 16 ft.
Weathered
Bedrock
No water
found

S
TP-22-2
West Wall
SC-SM
2ft.\ ------------------------------------------------------------------
7.5 ft.
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
CL
Weathered
No water
T.D. 13 ft. found

S
TP-22-3
North Wall
SC-SM
0. 5 ft\ --------------------------------------------------------------------
CL
3.5ftA---------------------------------------------------------
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
T. D. 9.5 ft.
Weathered
Bedrock
�7 No water
found

S
1 ft.
North Wall
OQUIX 1
Sample 1
.,._._._,_,_....... ; *Lab
1— 5 ft. results CL
..................... CH*
4 ft. Tota I
\5f--------------------------------------------------
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
T. D. 12 ft.
Weathered
Bedrock
TP-22-4
No Water
found

S
TP-22-5
West Wall
SGSM
0. 5 f\t ---------------------------------------------------------------------
CL(s)
2.5ft.\----------------------------------------------------------
5.5 ft.
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
T. D. 10 ft.
CL
Weathered
Bedrock
o Water
found

S
East Wall
SC-SM
0.5ft. --------------- ------------ ------------------------------
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
*Lab Sample 2
results
CH* CL
0.5 — 1.5 ft.
1 ft. Tota I
1.5ft. Nv,51 ----------- ' ----------------
T. D. 2 ft.
Weathered
Bedrock
TP-22-6
No Water
found

S
TP-22-7
East Wall
SC-SM
0. 5 ft\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
CL(s)
2.5ft.----------- ---- --------------------------
*Lab Sample 3
results
Mimi MIMINIMINI.In1"1
CH*
2.5 - 10 ft. CL
.-. - - I- I - I _ 1 - I - I- .
7.5 ft. Tota I
Mr
** The shape of the edges of the D. 10 ft\7 o Water
test pit is symbolic/approximate T. .
found
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.

S
TP-22-8
East Wall
SC-SM
0. 5 ft\ --------------------------------------------------------------------
CL(s)
1.5ft.\-------------------------------------------------------
** The shape of the edges of the
test pit is symbolic/approximate
and not meant to indicate the
actual shape of the test pit.
T. D. 8 ft.
CL
\7 o Water
found