WQ000484_Permit Application_19980112

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NORTH CAROL.INA DEPARTMENT OF.
ENVIR0,N,ME1,4T`AND NATURAL RF-SOURCES
FAYET T IE'VILL-E F!EGIONAL OIFFICE
June 10, 1998
MEMORANDUM
TO: Randy Kepler
Non -Discharge Permits & Engineering
FROM: Grady Dobson
Fayetteville Regional Office C/
Y g
SUBJECT: Permit Amendment/Renewal
Permit No. WQ0000464
Mountaire Farms, Inc.
Lumber Bridge Plant
Lumber Bridge,'North Carolina
Robeson County
On May 6, 1998, this office received a permit amendment/renewal
package for the Mountaire Farms, Inc., Spray Irrigation Facility. On May 13,
1998, I visited the Mountaire Farms' facility to verify visually what was
proposed in the amendment package. I met with John Wren and Robert Jackson
on this date.
The amendment includes a 275,000 gallon cast -in -place concrete flow
equalization basin with floating aeration and an 18" diameter gravity line from
the offal room's secondary screens to the proposed equalization basin. A new
feed forward pumping station is proposed to convey the wastewater from the
equalization basin to the new treatment (Pretreatment - DAF Unit). Also, to be
included in this amendment is a wash down pump to wash down foam -solids in
the equalization- basin. The above amendments will enhance the wastewater
quality to ultimately be spray irrigated and I recommend that they be allowed in
the amendment to the existing permit.
The following items are requested to be considered for modification per
Company request in the May 5, 1998 letter:
l) Please change the name in this permit to Mountaire Farms, Inc., in all
appropriate locations in the permit..
225 GREEN STREET, SUITE 714, FAYETTEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA 28301-SO43
PHONE [phone] FAX [phone]
AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER - SO% RECYCLED/10% POST -CONSUMER PAPER

MEMO -Randy Kepler
Page 2
June 10, 1908
(2) Please modify permit to state the maximum flow of 1.75 MGD.
(3)' Please modify permit to read as requested which will be in place after construction.
(4) ► his item is for clarification that another permit amendment will not be necessary if
additional pumps are required to handle higher flows after the new expansion is complete.
As far as I am concerned, bigger pumps or more pumps can be added to handle the
permitted flow without a permit amendment.
Should expansion increase beyond the permitted capacity, then a permit amendment
would be necessary.
(5) It is my recommendation that this permit, when amended, be issued for a 5 year term. It
will be well into 1999 before all the treatment units, spray acreage, etc., will be
operational and to require a permit amendment prior .to utilizing the new units does not
seem practical. They have spent millions to improve a bad situation and to charge
another $400.00 just to renew the permit is not justified for less than a 6 month period!
(6) Condition I (3) - Their proposal is logical to me. They want to let the lagoons naturally
dewater (evaporate) and at some point, dispose of the sludge and close out the existing
lagoons. Condition I (3) needs to stress that the old lagoons need to be closed out in a
prompt manner once the new system is on line and that a land application of sludge
permit or an official acceptance from a landfill to handle the sludge is required. I think
they understand this, but this Condition is unclear to them.
(7) Condition I (6) - This condition is unclear to them. This new system will allow more
renderable product than ever before. A statement that all non- renderable sludge will
require a land application of sludge permit or verification of acceptance from an approved
landfill would be necessary under our NCGS 143-215.1 will suffice.
(8) Their statement for Condition H (11) seems to address the condition you indicated in the
most recent permit. I guess they need verification that they have proposed what we
require.
If you have any questions, please advise.
GD/bs

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment and
Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality, - Non Discharge Branch
Non-Dishcharge Permitting Unit
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
May 8, 1998
MR. JOHN WISE
MOUNTAIRE FARMS OF NC
PO BOX 339 -
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA 28357
Dear MR. WISE:
SCE'
I%I A ' 1 5 1998
RIAN, d1i=;ALy
REG. CFFiCE
Subject: Application No.
Piedmont Site
Spray Irrigation Facility
Robeson County
WQ0000484
The Division's Non -Discharge Branch Permitting Unit acknowledges receipt of your permit application
and supporting materials on May 7, -1998. This application has been assigned the number listed above.
Your project has been assigned to Mr. Randy,L.,Kepler, P.E. for a detailed engineering review. Should
there be any questions concerning your project, the reviewer will contact you with a request for additional
information.
Be aware that the Division's regional office, copied below, must provide recommendations from the
Regional Supervisor or a Procedure Four Evaluation for this project, prior to final action by the
Division.
If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Randy L. Kepler, P.E. at 91gn33-5083 ext. 544. If the
engineer is unavailable, you may leave a message on their voice mail and they will respond promptly.
PLEASE REFER TO THE ABOVE APPLICATION NUMBER WHEN MAKING
INQUIRIES ON THIS PROJECT.
r Sincerely,
in Colson, P.E.
Supervisor, Non -Discharge Branch, Permitting Unit
cc:__ Fayetteville<Regibnal-Offlc �.Q S� e s rc� y� {��,,Q y/,� �� $
-------Cabe-Assodi-a7es Consulting -Engineers
Pollution Prevention Pays
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer

May 5, 1998
Mr. Kim Colson
Supervisor
Non -Discharge Permitting Unit
North Carolina Dept. of Environment
and Natural Resources
512 North Salisbury,.. Street
PO.Box 29535
Raleigh NC 27626
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Re: Non -Discharge Permit Application
Permit No: WQOGG9464 tjQovc)oq �q
Mountaire Farms Inc.
' Lumber Bridge, North Carolina
Dear Mr. Colson:
Mountaire Farms received its revised spray irrigation permit, issued March 4, 1998, and
has initiated construction of the treatment improvements. We would like to make several changes
to the design documents submitted with our permit application. The,- design- of the treatment
system has been changed to eliminate conversion of the., existing grease trap into a flow
equalization basin and then pumping from the grease trap to the new treatment system.. Instead
we desire to .construct a new 275,000 gallon cast -in -place concrete flow equalization basin with a,
floating aerator. An 18 inch diameter gravity line will be constructed from the offal room
secondary screens to the new, flow, equalization basin. The basin -will be located between existing
lagoon No. 3 and the new treatment building. A.new feed forward pumping station will be
constructed 'next to the. flow equalization basin. to convey wastewater . to the new treatment
building. A wash down pump will be provided as partof the spray irrigation pumping station.
This will supply treated water to wash down the flow equalization basin.. Originally, we had
intended to construct the new flow equalization, basin after the lagoons were closed. - .The new
basin will provide greater ..flexibility in the operation of the system - and the elimination of the
existing grease trap will improve the movement of truck traff c. ,
Mountaire Farms of Delmarva, Inc. • �` Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
P.O. Box 710, S.elbi ville, Delaware 19975-0710 `'; ;°, P.O. Box 339, Lumber Bridge, North Carolina 28357-0339
[phone] [phone] ° " [phone]
"We measure quality by how well we service our internal and external customers"

Kim Colson
DENR'page 3
"This new treatment system will consist of a new flow equalization'
basin with floating aerator; feed forward pumping station with high
Water alarm, two DAF units each -with nitrogen removal system and
a. new clarifier, (Sorin treatment system); " a 19.79 million gallon
aerated. storage lagoon with a 30 mil synthetic liner; four aerators
and 1.18 million gallons, of permanent storage, a spray irrigation
pumping station consisting. of vertical turbine pumps,. four through
sixteen inch force main extensions,
4. Please clarify that an additional permit application will not be necessary to add the
-two (2) additional spray. irrigation pumps, if and when they are deemed necessary` .
We would like the option of installing these pumps without having, to submit an
additional application. These pumps, when 'installed, will provide '-additional =
operational flexibility,by, permitting �a larger quantity of water to be applied in a
given time. This permits application to more 'fields'simultaneously. and 'is not
'intended to increase the total flow to, a field.
5. Paragraph 1, Page-2. This,permit is effective until June 30. 1999. We request that
the effective date be extended so we do not have to submit a "permit renewal '
application in approximately six months. If additional information isneeded to
extend -the -effective date of the permit please advise. '
6. Condition I.3. Please clarify the' intent of this condition. It has been our:intention
that when the existing lagoons are removed from'service they will treat -and digest,'..
the remaining wastewater and that in.two to three years the remaining material will
be removed. The 'niaterial will be more stable then and be easier to dispose. The
necessary permits will be ,obtained' before the material is removed -.and disposed
The lagoons will then be filled and' final closure performed. Any.storm water in the
lagoons will be pumped, treated and land applied by irrigation. T,he . existing
DAF/grease trap will be removed at the completion" of construction of the new
system. We trust this -schedule is acceptable..
7. Condition L6.. -The fats, oils and greases removed from the treatment system are
intended to be sent to a rendering facility. The same- facility that presently renders
offal from the -facility will also render the material recovered from the treatment
system. Please clarify this condition to allow. the -material to be rendered: The
only sludge produced by,the treatment system is from the sanitary plant. Sludge
from the sanitary system willcontinue to be,handied by a licensed hauler.

i Mr. Kim Colson
DENR
Page 4
8. Condition IL 11: - Please clarify this condition. Flow meters will be installed prior
to each DAF. These ".two meters will measure the total flow from the processing
operation, including the oil and grease to be removed-bylhe DAR A meter, -will be .
installed after the "Sorin Treatment clarifier and prior to the storage lagoon. This
meter will measure the-- total process and sanitary flows into the lagoons. Two
flow meters will be installed in.the spray irrigation transmission lines. These two
` flows meters will measure total flow � discharged from the lagoon including rainfall
and any water pumped from the existing lagoons. Finally, there is a ,separate
sanitary flow meter that will measure, the quantity of sanitary effluent, pumped to
the storage lagoon.- It is recommended that the meters on the -spray ,irrigation'
transmission lines be used to fulfill Condition III.3.
We trust that you will be in agreement with our request for clarification and modification
of the 'Permit conditions- We look forward to receiving the revised spray irrigation permit..
Should you require additional information or have questions, please do not hesitate to contact me =
directly, -or, our consultant Mr. Robert W. Kerr, P:E. of CABE Associates, Inc. .at 1-800-542-
7979: o
Very truly yours,
John . Wise
General Manager
JW
cc: Mr. Grady Dobson F
NC DENR = Division of Water Quality (W/Attach) ..
Mr. John Wren
Mountaire Farms Inc. (W/O Attach),,
Mr. Robert W Kerr, -P.E.
CABE Associates, Inc. (W/O Attach)
Attachments

State of North Carolina
Department of Envird ment
and NaturalResources
Division of`Water.Quality 4, • '
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A: Preston Howard, Jr., P.E:, Director ID E H N
Fl
October 29, 1997
Mr. John Wise, -.General Manager .
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Post Office Box-339
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina. 28357
Subject: Permit No.. WQ0000484=clarification
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
.Wastewater Spray Irrigation
Robeson County '
Dear Mr. Wiser
On August 29, 1997 the Division'issued Mountaire Farms ,a modification permit, for the facility in
Lumber Bridge. In the. letter dated September 25, 1997, Mountaire Farms noted several discrepancies in .
the permit. The Division has updated this permit as appropriate. Therefore, in accordance -with your
request dated September 25, 1997 we are forwarding herewith- modified Permit No. WQ0000484 dated
October 29, 1997, to..Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc., for the continued operation of the subject
wastewater treatment and. Spray irrigation facilities. The: following are comments/changes made to the
requests in the :September'2'S; 1997 lett&r anare numbered'identical`to th6'1,et&
1. Comment:.. Con dition,Il.7.b. increase the nitrogen_ loading rate to 400,pounds per acre per year as
requested in the application.
Response: Added in the permit is the list of PAN limits for the different crops (Coastal Bermuda
Grass and Winter.Grain (Wheat,. oats, rye, etc.) approved by the Division for this
facility. Depending on the type of crop. Mountaire Farms plants,,the PAN limit will
change. - Also added is the double -cropping condition which allows for double
cropping with the appropriate reduction in nitrogen loading -for the second crop.
PAN limits can vary. if Mountaire . ,gets an extension: agent or appropriate
agronomist/soil scientist -to determine the realistic yield expectation (RYE) for the sites
and crops, to be grown and, determine- the site specific PAN requirements. This
should., allow for --enough flexibility to allow for ease of operation without-
-,compromising the protection of the water quality or groundwater quality.. If the RYE
option is to tie taken, just"ification-must be submitted to the Division fo;-,approval' prior
to an ,increase in loading.
2. Comment: Condition 11.12 requires, weekly raking during April through October,and every other
week during November. through March. Request to read as requested in letter.
Response: The requested language has'been included in.the permit..A sentence has been added' .
to the end of the language requiring at a minimum, monthly.raking of the infiltration
basins.
3. Comment ' Request "rotary distributor system in. Condition IV. LA be changed to "rapid
infiltration system"
Response: This language has been changed.
leihC-0535, Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]P O Box 29535, Ra
An-Equal Opportunity'AffirmatNe Action Employer 50% recycled/ 10% post -consumer paper

4. Comment: Condition IV.7 requires MW-21 to be abandoned but Condition IV.8 requires testing
of MW-21. Remove sampling requirement for MW-21.
Response: The monitoring requirement for MW-21 has been removed from the permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance until June 30, 1999, shall void Permit No.
WQ0000484 issued August 29, 1997, and shall be subject to the conditions and limitations as specified
therein. Please pay particular attention to the monitoring requirements in this permit. Failure to establish
an adequate system for collecting and maintaining the required operational information will result in future
compliance problems.
If any parts, requirements, or limitations contained in this permit are unacceptable, you have the
right to request an adjudicatory hearing upon written request within thirty (30) days following receipt' of
this permit. This request must be in the form of a written petition, conforming to Chapter 150B.of the
North Carolina General Statutes, and filed with the Office of Administrative Hearings, P.O. Drawer
27447, Raleigh', NC 27611-7447. Unless such demands are made this permit shall be final and binding.
If you need additional information, concerning this matter, please contact Mr. Randy Kepler.at
[phone] extension 544.
Since. ,
�A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E.
cc: Robeson County Health Department
Fayetteville Regional Office, Water Quality Section
Fayetteville Regional Office, Groundwater Section
Bob Cheek, Groundwater Section, Central Office
Technical Assistance and Certification Unit
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit

19
�k
NORTH.,.CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT. OF, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND NATURAL RESOURCES
RALEIGH
SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the. provisions of,Article 21.of Chapter 143, General Statutes of'North Carolina as
amended, and, other applicable Laws, Rules, and Regulations
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Robeson County,
FOR THE
construction and operation of an infiltration gallery disposal system consisting of 493 linear feet of eight
inch gravity' sewer, a 225 GP1VI pump st"ation ("Field C") with 'duplex puriips;'high water alarms, manual
power transfer switch and, an emergency generator hookup (See Condition L$). and approximately 3,670
linear feet of six inch force main, a. 35 :GPM pump station ("Field. F") with duplex pumps, high water
alarms, manual power transfer" switch and an emergency generator hookup .(See Condition I.y8)p fprve
individual infiltration basins each with..a square footage of 22,500 square feet with all necess es,
pumps, valves, and appurtenances required for proper operation, and for the
addition of two --fields for. use as spray irrigation fields. Field "H" and Field "I': have been included to add
13 acres and 10.9.acres respectively.; These fields are being approved'and include the. irrigation systems
proposed with" -all necessary pipes, pumps, valves, and appurtenances°required for proper operation.
Permission. is also granted to Mountaire Fa mis of North Carolina, Inc. for the continued operation of a
10,000 GPD extended aeration domestic wastewater treatment facility,.and'the continued operation of a
570',000 G'PD industral-wastewater treatment system consisting of rotary screens, an air flotation/grease
,trapunit; .gritremoval; a 1.6-MG two'stage lagoon with:stage,two`lined- chlorine disinfection facilities, a'4
MG lined storage lagoon, instrumented flow measurement; dual irrigation pumps; and 191.9 acres of
spray irrigation area (1.68 existing acres :.and an additional 219.aeres) to serve Mountaire- Farms of North
Carolina; Inc:.; with no .discharge of wastes to the -surface:. waters, pursuant to the applications for
modification received April 1; 1997- and June 12, 1997,� and in conformity with the project plan,
specifications, and other supporting data subsequently filed and approved by the Department of
-Environment; Health, -and Natural Resources and considered a part of this permit.
This permit shall be effective from the date of issuance -until June 30, 1999, shall void Permit No.
WQ0000484 issued April 30, 1996; and shall be subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations: -

10. Public access to the land application sites shall be controlled during active site use. Such
controls may include the posting of signs showing the activities' being conducted at each 5
site.
A flow measuring device shall .be installed for influent and effluent wastewater for this
facility. The flow measuring device shall be calibrated annually.
12.: The rapid infiltration basins shall be operated and maintained to prevent the surface of the
beds from becoming sealed and vegetative growth from -becoming established. Vegetative
growth must be kept out of the bottom of the. rapid -infiltration basins at all times. All
vegetation must be removed manually so that -minimal disturbances will occur to the
disposal area:, At a.miniinum the basins, shall be raked once per -month.
13.- The application of chemicals to the -rapid, infiltration -basins is expressly prohibited.
MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.'
1. Any -monitoring (including groundwater, surface water, soil or plant tissue analyses) ,
deemed necessary by the Division of Water Quality to insure -surface and ground water
protection will be established and an acceptable'sampling reporting schedule shall be
followed.
2. Adequate records shall be maintained by the Permittee tracking the amount of wastewater
disposed. These records shall include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following
information:
a. date of irrigation,
b. volume of wastewater irrigated`,
1
c. field irrigated,
d. length of time -field is irrigated,' "
e. continuous weekly, monthly, and year-to-date hydraulic (inches/acre)-loadings for each
field,
f. weather conditions, and
g. maintenance of cover crops.
3. The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored monthly by the Permittee at the
point,prior to irrigation for the following parameters:
BOD5
TSS
Fecal Coliform
pH,
-NH3 as N
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium ,
TKN ,
Nitrite nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen
PAN (by calculation)
Lead
Nickel "
Cadmium
Zinc
Flow.
% Solids
Phosphorous
Copper
Sodium Adsorption Ratio by Calculation
4

4. A representative annual, soils analysis (Standard Soil Fertility Analysis) shall be conducted
on each site receiving wastewater in the respective calendar year and the results maintained
on file by the Permittee, for a minimum of five years.
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall include, but is not necessarily limited to, the
following parameters:
Acidity Manganese Potassium
Calcium Percent Humic MatterSodium
PP H Zinc
Magnesium Phosphorus
Cation Exchange Capacity Base Saturation (by calculation)
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis (see above) and an analysis for the following
pollutants shall be conducted. once prior to permit renewal on soils from each site which -has
received wastewater during the -permit cycle.
Nickel Cadmium Lead
A report from a Soil Scientist shall accompany the above required analysis to determine site
soils efficiency.
5. Scheduled maintenance (cleaning) of the air floatatiori/grease trap. shall be performed
uarterl ' A written report shall be submitted to the Fayetteville Regional Office, Water.
Quality.. Supervisor, Wachovia Building, Suite 714, Fayetteville, NC 28301, at the end of
each quarter.
6. Scheduled maintenance of the spray acreage shall be performed in March and ,October. The
maintenance shall include. disking^ and subsoiling the permitted acreage to ensure that
ponding does not' occur. A written report shall- be submitted'.to the Fayetteville Regional
Office, Water Quality Supervisor; Wachovia-Building, Suite 714, Fayetteville, NC 28301,
at the end of April and November.
7: Three copies of all operation and disposal records as specified in condition III 2, 11135 III
4; III 5.and,HI 6 and any other data as may be required shall be submitted on or before the
last day of the following month .to the following address:
NC Division of Water Quality
Water Quality Section
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh; NC 27626=0535
8. Noncompliance Notification:
The Permittee shall report by telephone to -the Fayetteville Regional Office, telephone
number 910-486-1541 as soon as possible; -but in no case -more than 24 hours or on the
next working day following the occurrence or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of
the following: .
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results In the treatment of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnormal in' quantity or characteristic, such as
the. dumping of the contents of a sludge digester, the known passage of a slug of
hazardous substance through the fah ity;'or Any -other unusual circumstances;
b. Any -process unit'failure, due. to known or- reasons, that renders the facility
incapable of adequate°wastewater treatment, such as mechanical or electrical failures, of
pumps, aerators, compressors, etc.;
5

If any volatile organic compounds are detected by Method 6230D, then the Fayetteville
Regional Office Groundwater Supervisor, telephone number 910-486-1541, must be
contacted, immediately for, further instructions regarding any additional follow-up analyses :)
required. The results of- all initial and follow-up analyses must be submitted
simultaneously.
The results of the •sampling and analysis must be received on Form GW-59 (Groundwater
Quality Monitoring: Compliance Report Form) by the Groundwater Section, Permits and
Compliance Unit, P.O. Box 29578. Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0578 on or before the last
working day of the month following the sampling month.
9. The COMPLIANCE BOUNDARY for the disposal system is specified by regulations in
15A NCAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications and Standards. The. Compliance Boundary is
for -the disposal system constructed after December 31, 1983 is established at either (1) 250
feet from the waste disposal area, or (2) 50 feet within the property boundary, whichever is
closest to the waste disposal area. An exceedance of -Groundwater Quality Standards at or
beyond the Compliance Boundary is subject to immediate remediation action in addition to
the penalty provisions applicable under General Statute 143-215.6A(a)(1).
In accordance with 15A NCAC 2L, a REVIEW BOUNDARY is established around the
disposal systems midway: between the Compliance Boundary, and the perimeter of the
waste disposal area. Any exceedance of standards at the Review Boundary shall require
remediation action on the part of the permittee.
10. Any additional groundwater quality monitoring, as -deemed necessary. by the Division, shall
be provided.
V . INSPECTIONS
1. Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be _provided by the Permittee to
insure proper operation of the subject facilities.
2. The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater treatment and disposal facilities
to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges- which may cause
or lead to the release of wastes to the. environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
The Permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and any maintenance, repairs, or corrective actions taken
by the Permittee. This log. of inspections shall be maintained by the Permittee for a period
of three years from the date'of the inspection and shall be made available upon request to
the Division of Water Quality or other permitting authority.
3. Any .duly authorized, officer, employee, or representative of the Division of Water Quality
may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any property, premises or place on
or related to the disposal site or facility at any reasonable time for. the purpose of
determining compliance with this permit, may inspect or copy any records that must be
maintained under the terms and conditions of this,.permit, and may obtain samples of
groundwater, surface water, or leachate.
V I. GENERAL CONDITIONS
This permit shall become voidable unless the facilities are constructed in accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting
data.
2. This permit is• effective only with respect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application -and other supporting data.

3. This permit is not transferable. In the event there is a desire for the facilities to change
ownership, or there is a name change of the Permittee, a formal permit request must be
submitted to the Division of Water Quality accompanied by an application fee,
documentation from the parties involved, and other supporting materials as may be
appropriate. The approval of this request will be considered on its merits and may or may
not be approved.
4. Failure to abide by the conditions and limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to an enforcement action by the Division of Water Quality in accordance with
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6(a) to 143-215.6(c).
5. The issuance of this permit does not preclude the Permittee from complying with any and
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which may be imposed by other government.
agencies (local, state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
6. A set of approved plans and specifications for the subject project must be retained by the
Permittee for the life of the project.
7. The annual administering and compliance fee must be paid by the Permittee within thirty
(30) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified by 15A NCAC 2H .0205
(c)(4)•
8. The Permittee, at least six (6) months prior to the expiration of this permit, shall request its
extension. Upon receipt of the request, the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilities described therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
and under such conditions and limitations as it may deem appropriate.
Permit issued this the Twenty Ninth day of October, 1997
NORTH C LINA E VIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
A. Preston Howard, Jr., .E., Director
Division of Water Quality
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission
Permit Number WQ0000484
9

Permit No. WQ0000484
October 29, 1997
i�
ENGINEER'S CERTIFICATION
I, , as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carolina, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the
for the
project, .
Project Name Location
Permittee hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due care and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction was observed to be built within substantial compliance and
intent of this permit, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature Registration No.
Date
I
10

Mr. Kim Colson,
Supervisor
Non -Discharge Permitting Uh. it',
North Carolina Dept". of Enviiibnment
and Natural Resources
5 1-2 North Salisbury Street,
PO Box 29535
Raleigh NC 27626'.
May 5, 1998
0 0 1998
FAYETTEVILLE
REG. OFFICE
Re: Non -Discharge Permit Application
Permit No. WQ0000464
Uountaire Farms Inc.
Lumber Bridge, North.Carolina
Dear Mr. Colson: *N,,-'
MoW4 . re Farmsreceived. its revisedi spTAW irrigation permit,. issued March 4, 1998, and
has initiatedconstructionof the treatment lmprovenents, We'Would like to make several changes
to the design -documents submitted; with poi pprmit� application.' The design of the treatment
system has been changed to eliminate'conversio h sting -.grease trap iko'a flow
tijqf- the existing
qg I grease trap, t . h treatment: system. instead
equalization basin and, �hpn_pumpin from -ap, to e
new.
we desire"Olace, concia6, flow equalization basin with a
p construct a new 27� in
,,0 - 9'galton cast -
line will be constructed from the offal room
floating aerator. ' An 18 inch ldi4irietp -4
gravity
ion. basin.- The basin will be locatedbetween existing
secondary screens to the new flow eqii,
'new' Wi4 be
lagoon No. 3 . and the new - tr I eatm uil feed forward pumping
gnt building.
It 1. . treatment
constructed next to the, flow. eqg4ii-apoh 'basin. to cony wastewater to the n6w
convey
. -
building. A wash dpwn pqrnp�Wiff bdprovided, as part of the spray irrigatioA puffipmgstation:
"'Origifi y' we had.
n basin. all
This will supply'treated -twatdr '*d�# downthe flow equalizatio,
'he, lagoons were closed:- The new
on* aliz basin after t
intended to construct
-flefdboty
provide grbater.
basin will provVei the operation of the system and the elimination ofthe
- -
existing grease trap' n11TTV!P Mth werneni `bf truck traffic.
RP15.�
. I .
Mountaire Farms of Ukelmarva,-Inc.
PA.,Box 710, Selbyville, Delaware 19975-0710
0,�) 436-8241%,"o; qo).441-8263
"We measure quality by hou, well we service our internal an. external customers"
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, L
P.O. Box 339, Lumber Bridge, North Carolina 28357,-0:
910)845-5,

Mr. Kim Colson
DENR
Page 2
Please delete Sheet Nos. 10, 11, 12 and 24 (File Numbers 206F080C, 206F081C .
206FO82C and 206F094C) •dated November 14, 1998. Enclosed are five (5) copies of the
..drawings ,that have been revised to show the new flow equalization basin, feed forward pumping
station. and. wash down pump. Also provided is a check for the permit processing fee in the
amount- of $400:00. ' The drawings included are as follow:
Sheet File Numbers , . Date
10 of 34 206F080C 4/14/98
11 of 34 206FI05.0 314/98
12 of 34 206F106C 3/14/98
24 -of 34 - 206FO94C 3/4/98
1 of 1 206F107C 3/4/98. .
Please note'that a concrete truck parking pad has been added to the project., Offal trucks
will be parked on this pad to capture and -treat. any drainage or leakage that may occur. The final
location of this.truck,parking pad may be changed due, to other road and parking improvements ..,
being madeat the facility.
We wish to comment or request clarification- on .several conditions of the permit. We
believe these items can becon sidered typographical errors that can be corrected with.the issuance .
of the new permit:: The conditions we request to be modified or clarified are as follows:
1. Our facility has had a name change. The new name is Mountaire Farms Inc. This
was changed in several areas of the permit but was not changed in all places. We, ;
request that the; name be changed to Mountaire Farms Inc..
2. On Page.1 in the first paragraph the maximum flow is identified as 1.114 MGD.
The `average flow from the facility .is 1.114 MGD. based on a 7-day flow. The'.
average: production day flow is 1.560 MGD:: The ..treatment..system's capacity is
.1.75 MGD. .
3. In the second sentence.of the first paragraph on Page. l please delete the following:
`.This new treatment system will consist of conversion of the grease
trap to a flow equalization . basin with a submersible pump for
circulation, three Gorman Rupp T6A60B self -priming pumps for
transfer with ,.high ' water.- alarms, two DAF units with a nitrogen
removal system, (Sonn treatment unit), two new clarifiers, a 19:79
million gallon aerated storage lagoon with a. 30 mil, synthetic unit,
four 25 HP aerators and 1.18 million gallons of permanent storage,
conversion of the first existing lagoon to an emergency overflow
lagoon, a spray . irrigation pump station consisting of three ,vertical
turbine pumps with the facilities. designed ' to add an additional. two
pumps,. eight and twelve in force main extensions, ... "
and insert the following:

Mr. Kim Colson
DENR
Page 3
"This new treatment system will consist of anew flow equalization
basin with floating aerator, feed forward pumpingstation. with high
water alarm, two DAF units each with nitrogen removal system and
A new clarifier (Sorin treatment system), a 19.79 million gallon
.aerated -storage lagoon with a 30 mil synthetic liner, four aerators
and 1.18 million. gallons of permanent storage, a spray irrigation
pumping station consisting of vertical turbine pumps, four through
sixteen inch force main extensions, ..."
4. Please clarify that an additional pernrit application will not be. necessary to add the :
two (2) additional _spray irrigation pumps, if and when they are deemed necessary.
We would like the option of installing these pumps without having to submit an
additional application. - These pumps, when installed, will provide additional
operational flexibility by permitting a larger quantity of water to be applied in a
given time. This permits application to more fields simultaneously and is not
intended to increase the total flow to. a field'.
5. 'Paragraph 1, Page 2.- This permit his effective until June 30, 1999. We request that
the effective date be extended so we do not have to submit :a permit renewal
application ' in approximately six months. If 'additional information ' is needed to.
extend the effective date of the permit please advise.
6. Condition I.3. Please clarify the intent of.this condition: It has been our intention
that when the existing lagoons are removed .from service they will treat and digest
the remaining wastewater and that in two to three years the remaining material will
be removed. The material. will be more stable then and be easier to. dispose. The,
necessary permits will be obtained before the material .is removed and -disposed:.
'-.'Me. lagoons .will then be filled and final closure performed. - 'Any storm water in the
lagoons will be- pumped, .treated .and land applied by irrigation. ,.-The existing
DAF/grease trap will be removed at. the completion .of constriction of. the new
system. We trust this schedule is acceptable.
7.. Condition I.6. - The fats, oils and greases removed from. the treatment system are
intended to be sent to a rendering facility. The same facility that presently renders
offal from the facility will,also render the material recovered from the treatment
system. Please clarify this condition to allow the material to be rendered. The
only sludge produced by the treatment system is from _the ,sanitary plant. Sludge
from the sanitary system will. continue to be handled by a licensed hauler.-

Mr. Kim Colson
DENR
Page 4
8.. Condition, H. l 1: - Please clarify this condition. Flow meters will be installed prior
to each DAR These two meters will measure ,the total flow from the processing
Operation- including the oil and grease to be removed by the DAR A meter will be
installed after'the Sorin treatment clarifier and prior to the storage lagoon. This
meter will. measure the total process and 'sanitary flows into' the lagoons. .Two
- , flow meters will be installed . in.'the spray irrigation transmission lines. These two.
flows, meters will measure "total flow discharged from the lagoon including rainfall,.
and .any water. pumped, from the existing aagoons... Finally, there is a separate
sanitary flow meter that will'measure the quantity of sanitary effluent pumped to
the storage lagoon. .It is recommended that- the meters on the spray irrigation
transmission lines be used to fulfill Condition III:3.
-We trust that you will be in agreement with our request for clarification and modification
of the permit conditions. We Look forward to receiving the revised spray irrigation permit.
Should you require additional information or have questions, please do not hesitate to: contact me,-
directly or our consultant Mr. Robert W.- Kerr, P.E. of CABE Associates, Inc. at 1=800-542-
7979.
:. Very truly yours. .
John . Wise
General Manager
JW
cc: Mr. Grady.Dobson
NC DENR - Division of Water Quality (W/Attach)
Mr. John Wren
Inc. F i Mountare arms
- . - (W/O Attach) - ... .
Mr. Robert W. Kerr, P.E.
CABE Associates, Inc. (W/(? Attach)
Attachments

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Wilmington Regional Office
Division of Soil & Water Conservation
James B. Hunt, Jr., Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
January 23,`L,1,998.
TO: Grady Dobson
FROM: Vincent E. Lewis VfA
NCDENR
NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES
'FAIN 2 7 1998
FA YETTEVILLE
SUBJECT: Spray Irrigation Facility Mj; OFFICZZ
Mountaire Farms of North
Lumber Bridge Plant
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina
On January 7, 1998 soil evaluations were for-', ""-pansion and upgrading the spray irrigation
fields. The soils identified at the site were Lakeland (Candor), Norfolk, Pocalla, Wagram, and Wakulla
sands. These are the loading rates that were proposed on the new irrigation land.
Field 131 was unsuitable due to high water table.',,
Field D loaded at 1.5 inches per week.
Field E loaded at 1.75 inches per week:
Field. J loaded at 1.75 inches per week.
Field ,L f6ad6b' at'" 1.75 inches per week...
Fields'Ml thru M4 loaded at 1.751ne"kds'. k
FIELD M5 loaded at 1.00 inch per week..
Fields G and I revised to 1.75 inches per. , - w", �k' pletion of stormwater- conveyance
e pq� porn
improvements.
1.21
21 Cardliridi Drive extension, Wilmington, N.C. 2846573845:,'.*: . 061ephone'910-395-3900 Fax [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirina i;v.e.A"aion'Employer

DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY
January 12, 1998
ht Vu_ a s._011 JuI
TO: Coleen Sullins, Unit Supervisor
Permitting and Engineering Unit
FROM: Grady Dobson, Environmental Engineer
Fayetteville Regional Office
SUBJECT: Permit No. WQ0000484 Amendment
Spray Irrigation Facility
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Lumber Bridge Plant
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina
Robeson County
Please find enclosed the staff report regarding issuance ofthe. subject Permit.
:e any.questions or require further information, please advise.
GD/bs
Enclosure
cc: Tecbnical Support Branch
10-
0

SOC PRIORITY PROJECT: YES X NO
If Yes, SOC No.
• To: Permits and Engineering Unit
g g
Water Quality Section
Attention: Randy Kepler
Date: January 12,1998
NONDISCHARGE STAFF REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS
COUNTY: Robeson
Permit No. WQ 0000484
PART I - GENERAL INFORMATION
1
2
3
• 4.
Facility and Address: Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
PO Box 339
Lumber Bridge, NC 28357
Date of Investigation: January 7, 1998
Report Prepared by: Grady Dobson
Environmental Engineer, FRO
Persons Contacted and Telephone Number: John Wise, General Manager
[phone]
5. Directions to Site: Take NC 71 West from Parkton. Travel NC 71 to Lumber Bridge
at NC 20. From NC 71-NC 20 intersection, travel 1.7 mile to
Mountaire Farms of NC entrance off NC 71.
6. Size (land available for expansion and upgrading): 151.83 spray acres currently
permitted. 130.31 spray areas
proposed for amendment. Total -
282.14 acres.
7. Topography (relationship to 100-year flood plain included): Flat (0-2% slope)
Attach a U.S.G.S. map extract and indicate facility site:
U.S.G.S. Quad No.:
U.S.G.S. Quad Name:
Latitude: 34° 51' 32" Longitude: 29° 6' 49"

PART I - GENERAL INFORMATION (continued):
• 8. Any buffer conflicts with location of nearest dwelling and water, supply? -
Yes X No If Yes, explain:
9. Stream Basin Information:
a. Stream /.Classification: Big Marsh Swamp - Class C Swamp
b. River Basin and Subbasin No.: Lumber River Basin
C. Distance to surface water from disposal system: Approximately 300 feet
PART II - DESCRIPTION OF WASTES AND TREATMENT WORKS
1. a. Volume: 0.570 MGD (Design Capacity Currently) with expansion in next 12-
18 months- 1,114,000 gal./day.
Residuals: N/A tons per year
b. Types and quantities of industrial wastewater: 1,114,999 GPD (proposed)
Is 570,000 GPD (existing) from
chicken slaughter plant
c. Pretreatment Program (POTWs only):
In development Approved
Should be required _ Not needed X
2. Treatment Facilities:
a. What is the current permitted capacity of the facility? 570,000 GPD
b. What is the actual treatment capacity of the current facility? 570,000 GPD
C. Please provide a description of existing or substantially constructed wastewater
;.treatment, facilities:
Rotary screens, air flotation/grease trap unit, grit removal, 1.6 MG
two stage stabilization lagoon, and a 4.0 MG storage lagoon with
instrumental flow measurement, dual irrigation pumps, 10,000
GPD domestic waste system, and 151.83 acres of spray irrigation
Acreage with the appropriate cover crop. All offal, blood, feathers
4110 are collected and conveyed into trucks for ultimate rendering for
feed products for poultry.

PART II - DESCRIPTION OF WASTES AND TREATMENT WORKS (continued):
• d. Please provide a description of proposed wastewater treatment facilities:
The proposed treatment improvements are discussed in detail in the Design
Report in Chapter III of the submitted application package. ' In summary, the
improvements are as follows:
(1) Elimination of existing DAF system and construction of a new flow
equalization unit.
(2) New DAF Unit (Sorin, Inc., system).
(3) 19.79 MG Aerated Storage Lagoon.
(4) Addition of spray acreage.
(5) Miscellaneous plumbing and electrical (motors, wiring, etc.) associated
with the new treatment units.
3.. Residuals handling and utilization/disposal scheme:. N/A
a. If residuals are being'land applied, please specify DWQ Permit No.: N/A
Residual "Contractor: N/A
Telephone No. N/A
b. Residuals stabilization: PSRP_ PFRP_ Other N/A
C. Landfill: N/A
d. Other disposal/utilization scheme (Specify): N/A
4. Treatment plant classification (attach completed rating sheet): Grade I
5. SIC Code(s): 2015
Primary Secondary
Main Treatment Unit Code:
PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION
1. Is this facility being constructed with"Construction Grant Funds (municipals only)? N/A
2. Special monitoring or limitations (including toxicity) requests: N/A

PART III. : OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION (continued):
• 3. hn ortant SOC, JOC or,Com Compliance- Schedule' dates : lease indicate :.
P P � ) ,
Date
Submission of Plans and Specifications . - ,April 1, 1997 -(met) .
Begin Construction , September 1,1997 (met)
'Complete Construction February 1, 1998
4. Other Special Items:
Soils Information:.
The predominant soil types for the proposed land application spray irrigation acreage are
the Lakeland, Norfolk, Pocalla, Wagram and Wakulla loamy sands. Many of these soil
types have high permeability rates and depths of greater than 6 feet to the water table.
'Mr. Vincent Lewis,. Soil Scientist, Division of 'Soil and, Water, Wilmington Regional -
Office, also observed these sites.. on the inspection_ date and that this site is approvable for
the following application rates by field:
,
•
Field
Existing
Acreage
Proposed
Acreage
(In./Acre/Week)
Application Rate
A
8.25 .
1.5 in.
B
6.75
1.5 in./acfe
C
.35.03.
1.5 in./acre
D
3.50
1.5 in/week
E
430
1.75 in./week
F
26.53.
1.50 in./acreage
G
, 47.49..
1.75 after, completion of stormwater
conveyance improvements
H
14.19
1:75 in./week
I
13.59
1.75 in./week after completion of
stormwatei conveyance.
improvements
J
58.22
1.75 in./week
K
9.72
1.75 in. .
L.
24.79
1.75 in/week
M
29.38
(See Below*)
Total Siz a 151.83 Acres
13 0.3 1'
Total = New 130.31
= Current 151.83
282.14

PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION (continued):
* Field M is made up of the following:
Field Zone
Acreage
Application Rate
M,
.60
1.75 in./week/acre
M2
3.80
1.75 in./week/acre
M3
1.23
1.75 in./week/acre
M4
5.12
1.75 in./week/acre
M5 .
18.23
1.0 in./week/acre
29.38
B, The site designated as B, is an extension of Site B. Based on our site evaluation B, and its
proposed spray acreage of 7.72 acres are unsuitable. B, shall not be included as usable acreage.
Land Use:
The land is presently owned by Mountaire Farms of North Carolina and it is currently adjacent to
permitted spray acreage under Permit No. WQ000484.
Description of Proposed System:
This was discussed in Part II 2(d).
Land Limiting Constituent Analysis:
The subject facility is currently permitted for 570,000 GPD of industrial poultry processing
wastewater for land application - spray irrigation onto 151.83 acres of Coastal Bermuda grass
with a winter small grain cover crop. The Company proposes to expand the existing processing
capacity by adding another kill shift and a cleanup shift. This proposed expansion will increase
the flow of processing wastewater from 570,000 gpd to 1.11 med.
The proposed expansion will include major improvements to the wastewater treatment system.
The major improvements proposed are as follows:
(1) Flow Equalization
(2) Construction of two new DAF units for Nitrogen Removal (Sorin Treatment Units). The
DAF Units will include a building (spare parts & chemical storage),
electronic/monitoring controls, miscellaneous plumbing and .electrical work.
(3) Construction of 19.79 MG aerated storage lagoon. The net storage volume will be
• approximately 18.61 MG. The lagoon will be lined with 30 mil synthetic liner which
should meet permeability requirements for storage and waste treatment lagoons.

PART III - OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION (continued):
The addition of 130.31 acres for wastewater application.
These proposed major treatment improvements will improve the efficiency of
wastewater management and will control the quality of wastewater to be land applied.
These improvements will give the Company greater flexibility in wastewater
management. The proposed wastewater treatment methods will improve effluent quality
and the additional acreage will allow a resting period for tighter soil types which will
improve maintenance and management. Based on the water balance included in this
application amendment package, there is adequate appropriate land to assimilate the
proposed wastewater expansion. Based on data from pilot studies for the DAF Unit,
hydraulics seems to be the limiting factor. The nitrogen or (PAN) loading and the metals
indicate relatively low levels. Mountaire Farms' personnel will monitor nutrient
loadings to assure permit compliance.
The application package description of the proposed irrigation methods appear
reasonable.
Crop Management Plan:
Crop management will consist of planting Coastal Bermuda grass on proposed fields and
monitoring the Coastal Bermuda on.existing permitted acreage along with planting of winter
overseed crop with technical assistance from Robeson County Agricultural Extension Services.
The technical assistance will assure crop is managed properly.
Records Mana ement:
All records are the responsibility of Mountaire Farms of North Carolina.
Accessibility:
All property for existing and proposed land application acreage is owned by the Company and
access is controlled by gates and chains. Unauthorized access by the public would be
trespassing.
PART IV - EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is the recommendation of this office that the subject application be processed and Permit No.
WQ000484 be amended.
In Part III 4. Soils Information, it is recommended that the field zones listed in the table with he
application rates be written as a special condition. This will help records management for the
Company and the compliance concerns. for the Division.
In the existing Permit, Part III 3, various permit parameters are required to be analyzed monthly.
• It is -recommended that this condition remain.
In Part I1I 5., quarterly cleaning of the existing air flotation/grease trap is required. It is
recommended that this, remain until such time as the new DAF unit is on line. Once the new
DAF is operating, the existing system will be removed. A sentence stating that would be
sufficient along with written documentation to the FRO stating completion of new units.

MOUNTAIRE FARMS_.INC.
LUMBER -BRIDGE NORTH CAROLINA
NON -DISCHARGE.'.
PERMIT'.. APPLICATION
WASTEWATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
p
l^�
: NOVEM454944, 1997
••�•.••'FSSlp'•�9�'•. �
SE
15
1r ,2t,`g7
61�CABE ASSOCIATES, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
144 S. GOVERNORS AVENUE
P.O. BOX 877
DOVER, DELAWARE , 19903-0877
302-674-9280

MOUNTAIRE FARMS, INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA
NON -DISCHARGE,
PERMIT APPLICATION
WASTEWATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
NOVEMBER 14, 1997
CABE ASSOCIATES, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
144 S. GOVERNORS AVENUE
P.O. BOX 1577.
_ DOVER, DELAWARE 19903-0877
302-674-9280
PROJECT NO. 206-020

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Non -Discharge Permit Application
Spray Irrigation Disposal Systems
Mechanical Treatment
H. Existing Permits
Non -Discharge - Spray Irrigation
NPDES
Special Order by Consent
III. Design Report
Introduction
Treatment Systems
Wastewater Characteristics
Spray Fields
Water Balance and Hydraulic Loading
Organic and Salts Loading
Agronomy Report/Nutrient Management
Groundwater
Buffers and Well Protection
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1
Location Map
Exhibit 2
Process Flow Diagram
Exhibit 3
Spray Irrigation Fields
Exhibit 4
Water Balance
Exhibit 5
Water Balance Revised for 250 Acres
Exhibit 6
I
Groundwater Flow .

ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A Request for Quotations - Aerated Storage Lagoon
Attachment B Site Evaluation Report - Dennis J. Osborne
Attachment C Soil Scientist Report - Dennis J. Osborne
Attachment D Agronomy Report - Dennis J. Osborne

State of North Carolina
'Department- of Environment, Health and ,. Natural Resourees'
Division of Environmental Management
l Non=Discharge Pemut Application Form
(THIS FORM MAY BE PHOTOCOPIED FOR USE AS AN ORIGINAL)
SPRAY IRRIGATION DISPOSAL, SYSTEMS
I. GENERAL INFORMATION:
1. Applicant's name (please specify the name of the municipality, corporation, individual, etc.):
ri�unLd.lre r dnu5 inc:.
:2. ,Print Owners or Signing 'Official's name and title (the person who is legally responsible for the facility and its comp
John Wise',.General Manager
PO Box 339
3. 'Mailing address:
City: Lumber Bridge State: Nr Zip: 20357
Telephone Number. ( 910
4. Project Name (subdivision, facility; or establishment name - should be consistent with project name on
specifications, letters of flow acceptance, Operational Agreements, etc.):
Wastewater System Improvements, Mouiitaire.Farms:Inc., Lumber Bridge, _North Carc
5. Location of Spray Irrigation Facility (Street Address),: -NC Highway 71
J ..City: Lumber . Bri dgP State: Nr Zip:, 2R357
6. Latitude: 34°52' 32" ; Longitude 79°6' 49 of -Spray Irrigation Facility
7. Contact person who can answer questions'about application:
Name: Robert W. Kerr Telephone Number::(_ 302 ' 674-9280
8. Application'Date:. November 14, 1997
9. Fee Submitted: S 400.00 Me permit processing fee'should'be as specified in 15A-NCAC 2H .0205(c)
10. County(ies) where project is located: Robeson
II. PERMIT INFORMATION:
1. Application No. (will be completed by DEM):
2. Specify whether project is: new; : renewal'; X modification
' For renewals, complete'only sections I,'II, and applicant.signature (on page.7). ,Submit only pages 1, 2, and 7 (or
and three copies of each). Engineer's'signature not required for renewal without other modifications.
3. If this application is being",submitted as a result of a renewal or modification to an existing permit, list the existing F
number See Next Page and its issue "date
4.. Specify whether the applicant is .public or X private.

EXISTING PERMITS
Non-Discharge WQ0000464 issued 10/29/97
NPDES NC0040185 issued 3/6/96
SOC EMC WQ No. 94-13 AdI issued 12/8/96
J

III. INFORMATION ON WASTEWATER:
1.' Nature of Wastewater: 1 %' Domestic; % Commercial; 9 9 4b Industrial;
%,Other waste (specify):
2.- Please provide a one of two word description specifying the origin of the wastewater,,such as schoQI, subdivision; hospital;
commercial, industrial, apartments, etc.:
Industrial"— Poultry Processing.
3. . If wastewater.is not domestic in nature, what level of pretreatment has been provided to ensure protection of the receiving
wastewater treatment facility: See .Design Report
4. Volume of wastewater generated b this,project: 1,114 , 000
8 Y Pr J gallons per day
5. Explanation of how, the wastewater volume was determined: Determined based on produc j on rernr•'d G
and water usage records
6. Brief project description: - Replacement and upgrade of treatment system storage lagoons
and expansion of -spray irrigation system.to treat•and discharge additional
wastewater associated with increased production.
I)V. FACILITY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SINGLE FAMILY. SPRAY IRRIGATION .
Number of bedrooms; x 120 GPD per bedroom = gallons (minimum 240 GPD idesign flow per home).
2. Dimensions of baffled septic, tank: ft. by ft: by ft.
3, Volume of baffled septic tank: gallons.
4. Check the, categories that apply for the. sand filter: surface; - subsurface; single; dual;
in series;, in parallel; recirculating;: pressure dosed.
5. a) Primary sand filter dimensions: ft. -by ft = square feet.
b) Sand filter surface loading rate: GPD per square foot.
6. a) Secondary sand filter'dimensions (if applicable) ft by. ft, = square feet.
b) Secondary sand filter,surface loading rate (if applicable) GPD per square foot.
7. Type of disinfection: '
Volume of contact tank: gallons;•anddetention time: minutes
8. Volume of storage provided: gallons; Storage time provided: days.
NOTE: A minimum of,5,:days storage must be provided in the pump/storage tank.
9. Volume of pump tank: gallons; number of pumps in pump tank
10. Capacity of,pumps in pump tank: GPM
11 • Specify which.high water alarms have been provided:. audible and visual; ;auto dial
FORM: SIDS 06194. Page 2 of 8

V.
12. Specify the following information for the spray nozzles: psi; GP.M
13.. Specify the loading rate recommendation, -as determined by the soils scientist:
inches per hour, inches per week: inches per year
14. Specify the square footage of the wetted irrigation area: square feet,
and. the cover crop:
15. Specify the loading rate that will occur on the spray irrigation field*
inches, per hour, inches per week: inches per year
71
16. The project must conform to the following buffers (and all other applicable buffets):
a) 400 feet between wetted area and any residence under separate ownership;
b) 15616et between wetted area and'properry lines, 200 feet in coastal area
c) 100 feet between wetted area and a. potable well.;
d) 100.feet between wetted area and drainage ways or surface waters;
e) 50 feet between wetted area and public right -of -ways;
f) 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and a potable -well;',,
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines..
17. If any of buffers specified in No. rV. 16 above are.not being met, please explain how the proposed buffers will provide
equal or better protection of the Waters of the State With no increased -potential for nuisance conditions:
18. NOTE: If excavation into bedrock is required for installation of the. septic tank or'sand filter, the respective pit must be
,lined with at least a 10'm'il synthetic liner. The engineer's signature and seal on this application acknowledges a
-this ieqtiire m'ent.
commitment to meet
.19. The spray irrigation field must be fenced with'arrginimum, two strand barbed wire fencing., Briefly describe the fencing:
FACILITY DESIGN, CRITERIA
ERIAFOR OTHER- THAN SINGLE FAMILY SYSTEMS
1. Provide a brief listing of the components of this . treatment and disposal system, including dimensions and capacities,of
tanks, pumping facilities, nozzles, highyater alarms, filters, lagoons, package treatment units, disinfection facilities,
irrigation system, etc.:
.2.
4.
See design r ep 0 1 r . t
Name of closest downslope surface waters: Big -Great Marsh Swamp
IV
Classification of closest dowmslopesurface waters: 11C(as established by the Environmental Management
Commission and specified on'page 6.'of 8 of this -application).
If a power,failure at the pump station could impact waters classified as WS, SA;, 13, or SB, describe which of thd measures
are beingimplemented to prevent such impact, as required in 15A NCAC 2H .0200:.
Storage lagoon ,has 16+ days .of storage -
FORM-: SIDS" 06/94
Page 3 of 8

5. Specify the loading rate recommendations as determined by the soils sdentist,(The Division will considered higher loading
rates in the dry months (June 1 - September 301 depending on the soils scientist recommendations). If only one loading
rate will be -proposed. that rate must be -the most restrictive loading.rate.
Dry Months (June 1 - September 30) inches per hour; 1.5 ,� inches per week
Wet Months (October 1 - May 31) inches per hour, 1.5 inches per week
Recommended Maximum 78 inches per year'
6. For industrial wastewater, an analysis of nutrients, heavy metals totals, "and synthetic organics must be provided along with
appropriate calculations showing the loading rate,'based on the most limiting constituent. The chemical analysis must
include, but shall'not be limited to: Total Organic Carbon, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand..
Chlorides, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Nitrates, Phenol, .Total Trihalomethanes, Toxicity. Characteristic Leaching Procedure
Analyses, .Total Halogenated Compounds, Total Coliforms, and Total Dissolved Solids.
What is the.limiting non -hydraulic constituent for this waste? 350 pounds per acre per year"of Nitrogen
7. Specify the square footage of the wetted irrigation area: 12, 625., 561 square feet, 2-89.843 acres
and the cove: crop: Coastal Bermuda Gras's:n4rg Rye
8. Specify. the 1lydraulic loading rate that will occur on' the spray irrigation field;
Dry Months (June 1 - September 30) inches per hour; inches per week
Wet Months (October 1 - May 31) inches per hour; inches per week . Ave. 1.5, in/week
Maximum Application 78 inches per year
lbs. per acre per year of: (limiting constituent)
9. Is hydraulics the limiting constituent? X Yes; No.
10. Specify the storage volume required by the water balance: T- 746 , inillinh gallons; 7 days.
11, Volume of storage provided: .18. 6 m 1'1; on gallons and yields: 16+ days
NOTE: Minimum thirty days required at the.design flow' rate. See Water Balance
12. If any of the applicable buffers noted in IV.16 are not being met, please explain how the proposed buffers will provide
equal or better protection of the Waters of the- State with no increased potential for nuisance conditions:
NA
13. The treatment and spray irrigation facilities must be posted and secured in some fashion to prevent unauthorized .entry.
Briefly describe the measures being taken;" ssing—._Wastewat r-
�S racy Irriat ' on ]n
14.. Is the treatment facility capable of treating 'w tewater at'least sego iary limits prior to storage (BOD5 S 30 mg/L;:
TSS 5 30 mg/L; NH3 5 15 mg/L; Fecal Coliform "5 200 colonies/100 ml)? Yes X No. If No, what level of
report
re
" treatment can be achieved? See design 1 P '
15. Are treatment facility or spray fields located -within 100-year flood plain? Yes. X No. If Yes..briefly describe the
protective measures being taken to protect against flooding. .
16. List the Field; Number of any spray fields that are located in area where the seasonal high water table is less than 3 feet
below tbe'stirface? None
17. Describe the disinfection facilities that are being" provided if domestic wastewater.
Ozone disinfection system for sanitary system
E20RINI:
SIDS 06/94
Page 4 of 8

NOT BE ACCEPTED BY THE
VISION, OF
-, THIS • APPLICATION PACKAGE WILL ..ESS ALL OF THE APP CAB E ITEMS ARE_
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNL
-INCLUDED WITH THE SUBMITTAL
a. One'original and four copies of the completed and'appropriately executed application form.
b. The appropriate permit processing fee, in accordance with 15A" NCAC 2H .0205(c)(5).
c. Five. (5) sets of, detailed plans and specifications signed and sealed by a North Carolina Professional Engineer. The plans must
include a ets of general -location map, a topographic map; a site map which indicates where borings or hand auger samples were taken, a
map showing "tbe land application site, buffers, structures; and property lines;. along with all wells, surface' waters (100-.year flood
elevation); and, surface drainage features within 500 feet of the land application site. Each sheet of the plans :and the first page of
the specifications must be signed and sealed.
d. Five (5) copies of an Operational Agreement (original and 4 `copies) must be submitted if the wastewater, treatment and disposal
facilities will be serving single "family residences, condominiums; mobile homes, or town houses.and ifthe subject.faciliiies will
be owned by the individual residents, a homeowners association, or a developer.
e. Five (5) copies of all reports, evaluations, agreements,, supporung•calculations, etc. must be submitted as. a part of the supporting
uired submi
documents which are signed and sealed by the NC Professional
f these materials under thet signature and f a NC Profeough, certain portions of,this ss onal Engineer
must.be developed by other professionals, inclusion o
signifies that be: has reviewed this material and has judged it to be consistent with -his proposed design
f. Five (5)'copies of the existing permit if a renewal or modification.
g . For Single Family Systems (a through f above plus g. 1,
1)" A letter from the local health department denying the site for any permit that the health department has the authority to issue. "
2) A soils scientist report (sinned) which describes the soil type, color, texture through.the B horizon, and recommended loading
4 rates with supporting. calculations. ;
3} A signed and notarized Operation and Maintenance' Agreement.
h. For Other Than Single Family (a through f above "plus h. 1,',2,'3, 4, 5, 6) ;
1) A water balance analysis showing annual amount of was that will need ro be applied and the amoppo of 8 d necessary
to receive the wastewater at the given loading rate. Storage requirements must be addressed and, su rtin calculations _
provided
2), Aso ls,scientist report•(sinned) which includes texture
nlicocor,.an down to a ondu uviry in the mosture of 1r restrictive horizon, Cation eExchange
thickness and type -of any -restrictive horizons, hydra
Capacity (CEC), depth of seasonal high. water table, soil pH,* and soils map•(if available).
3) For systems treating industrial waste or any system",with a design
u fer, transter niissmiv ty and OSpecific yield d of the anconfined
providing the extent and lithologic character of the unconfined groundwater,qualityand direction of movement, and an
aquifer, thickness and permeability, of the first confining bed, . g
evaluation of impacts of the disposal system on water levels, movement and quality.;
4) An agronomist report (signed) which states the type of vegetation that is planned for the spray fields; along with management
and harvest schedules.
S) Proposal for groundwater monitoring.
6) `etals totals and synthetic organics;, along with the m
calculations for
An analysis of the wastewater, including heavy most
limiting ;constituents.

This 'form must be- completed by the appropriate DEM regional office; ai'l .'A* cluded as a part of
the project submittal information.'
INSTRUCTIONS TO NC PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER:
The classification of the downslope surface.waters (the surface waters that any overflow:from .the facility,•would _flaw toward) in which this, spray irrigation system will be co must be determined by the appropriate DEM regional office.
Therefore,. you,are required.• prior to submittal of the application ',package; to submit thisft7�m,. with 'items 1
through 7 completed, to the appropriate Division of Environmental Management Regional Watcr.'Pi4iy,si pervisor (see
page 8 of 8).. Ara minimum, you must include an 8.5" by 11'_copy of the portion of a• 7.5 minute USGS Topographic Map
which shows the -location :of this spray irrigation system and the doWm lope surface waters in which"tbey will be located.
Identify the closest downslope surface waters on the .attached map copy. Once the regional office has completed the,
classification, reincorporate this completed page and the topographic'. map: into the complete
application form -and submit the application package.
1. Applicam,(specify name of the municipality, corporation, individual; eu:) Mountaire Farms .of North Carolina, Inc. -
2. Name & complete, address of engineering firm: CABE Associates,,. Inc.., -PO Box .877, -Dover '. ' DE 19903-0877
Telephone number. ( 302 ) 674-Ogn
3: Project.name: 'Wabtewater Treatment System Sorav r gar; „
4. Name of closest dowtislope surface waters:___ -Big Mar
Gli Swamp
5. Co=Oes) where the spray irrigation system and surface waters are Iocated:.Robeson
Map name and date::
- NC Professional Engineer's=Seal, Signature, and Date: .
CAROZ0-01'eo
-
_
° 16152
54
,,m,,� �Alllllillloe,�� 1 OIG� v / . /
TO: REGIONAL . WATER • QUALITY SUPERVISOR
Please provide me with the classification of the watershed where these sewers will be con
map segment: structed, as identified .on the attached
Name of surface waters:
Classification (as established by the Environmental Management'Commission)
Proposed classification, if applicable:
all
Signatute'of regional.office personnel: Date;
(All attachments must be signed)
RM: SIDS 06194 Page: 6 of :8

3
ne and Complete "Address of Engineering Fum:" CABS Associates; Inc.
PO Box 877
City: Dover State: DE Zip: 19903-0877
Telephone - Number, ( 302, ) 674-9280 '
Professional Engineer's .Certification:
.Robert W.. Kerr. Mountaire.Farms Inc.
I, attest that this application for .
has been reviewed by me and"is' accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge, I further attest that to the best of my knowledge
the proposed design has been prepared in accordance with the applicable regulations. Although certain portions of this submittal
package may have been developed by other professionals, inclusion of these materials under my signature and seal signifies that have
reviewed this material and have judged it to be consistent with the proposed design.
North Carolina Professional Engineer's. Seal, Signature, "and Date:,"/
' 'S1111111ioo JAP
s ro^^"••: �f NEB:•°"�`� •
^pplicant's Certification:
h John Wise attest that this application"for Mountaire Farms Inc.
has been reviewed by me and is accurate and complete to the best of my knowledge. I understand that if all required parts of this
application are not completed and that if all required supporting -information and attachments are not included, this application package
will be returned to Zal—lnco plete. � � - • . -
Signature �"� Date" November 14, 1997
THE COMPLETED" ' APPLICATION PACKAGE, -INCLUDING ALL. SUPPORTING .INFORMATION AND
MATERIALS, SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
NORTH CAROLINA DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION
PERMITS AND -ENGINEERING UNIT
POST OFFICE BOX 29535 .
RALEIGH',. NORTH CAROLINA 27626-0535
TELEPHONE NUMBER: [phone]`
FAX NUMBER:_ (919)• 733.9919
FORM:: SIDS 06194 Page 7 of 8

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL, MANAGEMENT REGIONAL OFFICES (I1193)
1
Asheville Regional WQ Supervisor
Supervisor
Washington Regional WQ Supe
Raleigh Regional WQ Supervisor
59 Woodf n Place
Post Office Box 1.507
Post Office Box 27687
Raleigh. NC 27611
g
Asheville, NC 28801
Washington, NC 27889
00
(704):251.6208
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Fax (919) 571�718
Fax ( 19) 571-
Fax [phone]
Avery Macon.
Beaufort - Jones
Bettie Lenoir
Chatham Nash
Durham -Northampton
Buncombe Madison
Burke McDowell
Camden Martin
Edgecombe Orange
Caldwell Mitchell
Chowan -Pamlico `
Craven Pasquotank
Franklin Person
Granville ,. Vance
Cherokee Polk
Clay ' Rutherford
Currituck Perquimans
Halifax Wake
Graham Swain
Dare Pitt
Johnston. Warrtsrr
Lee Wilson
Haywood, Transylvania
Gates Tyrell
Henderson Yancy
.-Greene Washington
Jackson
Hertford'_ . Wayne
-Hyde
Fayetteville Regional WQ Supervisor'
Mooresville Regional WQ Supervisor
Wilmington Region. WQ Supervisor
Wachovia Building, Suite 714
919 North Main Street
127 Cardinal Drive,Extension
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Mooresville, NC 28115
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Fax [phone]
Fak [phone]
nson Moore
Alexander Mecklenburg
Bnmswick New Hanover
3laden Robeson
CabaRowan
mu
Carteret Onslow
Columbus Pendet
Cumberland Richmond.
Catawba Stanly
Gaston Union
Duplin
Harnett Sampson
Iredell Cleveland
Hoke Scotland
Montgomery Lincoln
Winston-Salem Regional WQ Supervisor
8025 North Point Boulevard, Suite 100 .
Winston-Salem,"NC 27106
[phone]
Fax [phone]
Aiamance Rockingham
Alleehany Randolph
Ashe Stokes
Caswell Sung
Davidson Watauga
Davie Wilkes
Forsyth Yadkin
Guilford
FORM: SIDS " 06/94
Page 8 of 8

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment, Health, and Natuml.Resources
Division of Envirorimcntal.-Mariagement
Non-Discharge`Perrhit Application,
(THJS FORM MAY BE,PNOTOCOPIED' FOR USE AS AN ORJGVAL) '
f MECHANICAL TREATMENT AND NONDLSCHARGE DISPOSAL FACII;ITIES,
L GENERAL INFORMATION:
1. Applicant (corporation, individual, or other): Mountaire Farms Inc .
2. Print Owners 'or Signing Official's Name, and Title (the person who is legally
responsible'for the facility and its compliance): John 'Wise General Manager
3. Mailing Address; PO Box 339
Pryr.Lumber Bridge State' NC "Z1P�7—
TelephoneNo. 910. '.843-5942
4: -Project Name (subdivision,'facility, or establishment name -should be consistent with,
project name on plans/specs., letter's of flo'w,acceptancc, Operational Agreements, etc.):
Wastewater System Improvements, Mountaire Farms Inc Lumber.B.ridee.
North Carolina
S. Application Date. November .14.• 1997` 6 Fee Submitted S " 400
'Robeson
7. County where.project is located:
Address of treatment and disposal facility
NC highway 7.1
Lumber Bridge, NC, 28357'
34°52' 32" 79°6 49" ' of dis sal facility
Latitude•' ; Longitude• p°`
II: PERMIT, ;INFORMATION:
1. Permit No. (will be completed by' DEM):
2. Specify whether project'W ' new; __ mnewal' x modification.
OPP),)
,*If renewal, complete only. sections; .I9 II, III, and applicant's signature
Submit only gs. 2, and 12 (original and-3 copies,of each)., Engineer.
(on pg.12). Y P.
- 1,
signature not,*uired for,renewal. ;
FORNI: RZT;DS 4191 'Page 1 of 1.3

NiECHAN`lCAL MZaATMEIY1' '
PAGE 2 (4191)
3. If this application is being submitted as a result of a renewal or modification to an
See Next
existing permit, list the existing permit number Page and issue date
4. Specify whether the applicant is x public or Private.
III. INFORMATION ON WASTEWATER:
1. Nature of Wastewater. 1 % Domestic; _ % Commercial;
99 % Industrial; % Other waste (specify):
2. Please provide a one or two word description specifying the origin of the wastewater,
such as school, subdivision, hospital, commercial, industrial, apartments, etc.:
Industrial - Poultry Processing
3, If wastewater is,not domestic in nature, what level of pretreatment has been provided
to ensure protection of the receiving wastewater treatment facility:
See Destgn.Re ort
4. Volume of wastewater generated by this project: 1,114,000 gallons per day
5. Explanation of how wastewater volume was determined: determined based on
production records and water usage records
6. scription:
Replacement and upgrade of treatment system, and
Brief project de
storage lagoons and expansion of spray irrigation system to treat and
associated with increased production.
discharge additional wastewater
IV. DESIGN INFORMATION: See Design Report _
1. Type of wastewater treatment facility (extended aeration, oxidation ditch, activated
sludge, aero-mod, other):
2. For coastal facilities and golf course spray in�gation facilities, all essential treatment and
provided in duplicate. Specify disposal units must be p P P� ygolf course spray facility;'
coastal facility; other. How many units have been provided?
3. Specify the design flow of the facility:
gallons per day
4. Specify the volume of the sir flow equalization basin or tank: gallons
NOTE: The required equalization tank volume is determined from a diurnal hydrograph
analysis of the maximum and minimum flows expected.
5. Specify the number of and capacity of the pumps used for flow equalization:
pumps at GPM each.
6'. How many bar screens are provided? mechanically cleaned
7. Specify whether bar screens are: _ manually cleaned;
2 of 13

EXISTING PERMITS.
Non -Discharge WQ0000464 issued 10/29/97
NPDES NC0040185 issued 3/6/96
SOC EMC WQ No. 94-13 AdI issued 12/8/96

MECH�NTCAL TREATMENT
PAGE 3 (4/91)
8. How many flow splitter boxes arc provided?
9. Are the flow splitter boxes designed to allow the excess of the average daily flow to
return to the equalization basin? _ yes; ,_._ no
10. How many aeration basins are provided?
11. What type of aeration is provided (coarse bubble, fine bubble, floating aerators; etc.).
12. Specify the volume for each aeration basin: gallons
gallons
13. l hat is the detention time in the aeration basin(s)? hours
14. How many clarifiers are provided?
gallons
15. Specify the volume for each:
gallons
16. What is the sidewater depth of the clarifier? feet
17. What is the detention time*in the clasifier(s)? hours
18. What is the clarifier surface loading rate? GPD per square foot
19. What is the clarifier solids loading rate9 pounds per square foot per hour
20. What is the weir loading rate? GPD per foot
a
21. Specify the volume of the r_cQuvsludge holding ed 8 g tank: gallons
22. Is the sludge holding tank heated? _ yes; ._ no
23. Is the sludge holding tank.aerated? yes; _ no
24. Determine the population equivalency (PE): PE =flow in GPD / 100 GPD per: person
GPD / 100 GPD per person = population equivalency
25. Determine the per capita sludge capacity (PCSQ:
PCSC = sludge tank volume in gallons / ( (PE) (7.48 gal. per cubic foot))
gallons / ((_ ) (7.48 gal. Per cubic ft.)) =
26. List the number and capacity of all blowers and what each serves:
27. How many tertiary filtration units are provided (dual units required)?
28. Specify what tertiary filtration units are provided (traveling bridge, dual beds;, other):
29. What is the area of each filter? square feet
30. What is the filter loading rate*? GPM per- square ft.
f Filter loading rate should be less than 1.25 GPM per square foot
�- gallons
31. What is the clearwell capacity?
3 of 13 N

nu..w ar►a �a�..r�•. • a�a+ra • a!•a•..a. •
)?AGE 4 (4/91)
32.
The minimum clearwcll capacity needed is: (filter area) (15 GPM per ft2) (10 minutes).
Min. clearwell capacity = ( ft 2) (15 GPM per ft. 2) (10 min)
`
Min. clewell capacity needed is:
ar
:gallons
-33.
What is the mudwell capacity?
gallons
34.
The minimum mudwell capacity needed is: backwash vol. + inflow during backwash
backwash volume = clearwell capacity
inflow during backwash = (flow) (10 minutes)11440 minutes per day
min. mudwell capacity = ((_ GPD) (10 rain.))11440 minJday +
gal.
minimum mudwell capacity needed is:
gallons
35.
What is the thickness of the sand?
inches
36.
What is the thickness of anthracite?
inches.
37.
What are the sand specifications? mm for
effective size;
uniformity coefficient;
% dust content .
38.
The sand specifications are included on page of
the plans or
• on page of the specifications.
39.
What -type of chlorination is provided?
40.
What is the volume of the chlorine contact chamber?
gallons
41.
How much detention time is provided (minimum 30 minutes required)?
minutes
42.
Has residual chlorine removal equipment been provided. yes; no
If .yes, what type?
!_. 43.
What is the volume of the effluent dosing or spray tanks?
gallons
44.
Specify the number of pumps and their capacity: pumps at
GPM
45.
What is the total dynamic head?
feet
46.
The pump curves are included on page of the
plans or
on page of the
specifications.
47.
Specify the high water alarms provided: audible & visual;
auto dialer
48.
What sludge handling equipment is provided? ....
49.
How, where, and by whom will the sludge be ultimately. disposed?
50. If the sludge is going to be land applied by' a contractor list the existing permit number
and issue date
51. Explain how the sludge will be treated to comply with the "Processes to Significantly
Reduce Pathogens."
4of13

MECHANICAL TREATMENT
PAGE 5 (4191)
52. What is the name of the closest downslope surface waters?
53. Classification of closest downslope surface waters: (as
established by the Environmental Management Commission and specked on page 10 of
this application)
54. If a power failure could impact waters classified as WS, SA, B, or SB describe which of
the measures are being implemented to prevent such impact, as required in 15A NCAC
2H .0200:
55. If the facility is a coastal facility or a golf course spray irrigation facility describe the
automatically activated standby power system:
56. Describe any other treatment units that are not previously described:
COMPLETE SECTION V, VI , OR VII THAT APPLIES. FOR THOSE
SECTIONS OR QUESTIONS THAT DO NOT APPLY, WRITE NOT
APPLICABLE OR N/A. ALL OTHER SECTIONS MUST BE COMPLETED
V. RAPID INFILTRATION NA
1. What type of rapid infiltration system has been provided (rotary distributor, spray
beds, other)? --
2. What is the vertical separation to the seasonal high water table? feet
3. What is the loading rate (must not exceed 10 GPD / ft.2)? GPD / fL2
4. How many disposal areas are then?
5. What is the square footage of each disposal area? square feet
6. • What is the square footage of the "green area?" square feet
7. What material is the rotary distributor constructed or
8. What is the diameter of the rotary distributor? feet
9. Is the rotary distributor hydraulically or motor driven?
5 of 13

PAGE 6 (4/91)
10. The rotary distributor disposal area should be completely surrounded by a masonry
type wall that extends at least 18 inches below ground surface and at least 12 inches
above ground surface. Specify how far below ground: inches; and above
ground: inches, these walls extend.
VI. GOLF COURSE SPRAYS NA
1. What is the name and location of the golf course that is being irrigated with treated
wastewater?
2. What is the volume of wastewater to be irrigated'7 galloTts per day
3. What is the volume of the five day detention pond? gallons
4. How is public access prevented from the 5 day detention pond?
5. Is the 5 day detention pond lined? _ yes; _ no. What material ?
6: 'What volume of storage is required by the water balance (minimum of 60 days)?
days; gallons
7. What volume of storage is provided in the storage / irrigation pond?
days; gallons
8. Is the storageturigadon pond lined? _ yes; _ no. What material?
9. The spray nozzle specifications are on page of the _ plans or _ specifications
10. Whai is the loading rate recommended by the soils scientist (less than 1.75 in./ week):
in. / hour; in. / week; in. / year .
VII. SUBSURFACE DISPOSAL NA
1. Specify the loading rate recommendation, as determined by the soils scientist, for the
subsurface disposal field: GPD per square foot
2. _ Specify the loading rate recommendation, as determined by the soils scientist, for the
repair area (100% replacement) subsurface disposal field:_ GPD per;square
ift
3. Specify design loading rate that will occur in disposal field: GPD / ft2
(In coastal areas the maximum is 1.5 GPD / square foot for gravity systems and 1.0
GPD per square foot for low pressure systems).
6 of 13

i
MECHAMCAL TREATMENT
PAGE 7 (4191)
4. Specify the number of subsurface fields: ;The dimensions of the fields:
Supply line dia.: Manifold dia.: ;Distribution lateral
dia.: ; Hole dia.:_, Number of laterals: ; Lateral length
(typically 70 ft_ max. for LPP & 100 ft_ max, for gravity): - ;Trench
Width: Trench depth: ; Minimum pressure head:
Maximum pressure head: ; Minimum vertical separation between trench
bottoms and mean seasonal high water table: Distance on centers (for LPP not
less than 5 fL): ; Maximum slope of trenches (should be less than'0.2% for
gravity systems): Details must be provided in, plans/specs which
demonstrate that the ends .of lines are plugged, that. turn -ups are provided .
for LPP, and that measures will be taken (grade boards, etc.) to ensure
that laterals are. properly installed.
5. The following criteria should be used for the, sizing of residential septic tanks:
a.. three bedrooms or less, use minimum 900 gallons;
b. four bedrooms , use minimum 1000 gallons;
c. five bedrooms , use minimum 1250 gallons.
6. For businesses with a design flow less than 600 GPD, the minimum tank capacity shall
be mice the flow.
7. The following criteria should be used for the sizing of septic tanks for residences with
more than five bedrooms, multiple family residences, tanks serving two or more
residences*, or establishments with a flow between 600 GPD and 1500 GPD:
Septic Tank Volume = (1.17) (daily, sewage flow) + 500 gallons
*Minimum septic tank capacity shall be 1500. gallons
S. For design flows between 1500 GPD and 4500 GPD, the following criteria shall be
used: Septic Tank Volume = (0.75) (daily sewage flow) + 1125 gallons
9. ` For design flows which exceed 4500 GPD, use a septic tank capacity equal to ;the flow.
10. Specify the septic tank volume: gallons
11. Specify the pump tank volume: gallons
12. Specify the number of pumps and their capacity: _ pumps at GPM
13. Specify the high water alarms: _ audible & visual;. auto dialer
14. The different disposal fields, laterals, or groups of laterals in a subsurface system are
typically designed.to be dosed at different rates or volumes from one another. Explain
the method that will'be used to ensure that the proper dosing rates and volumes occur:
7 of 13

MECHANICAL TRE''TMENT
. PAGE, 8 (4191)
VIII. BUFFERS:.
1
1. The following buffer. zones mustbe-tnaintained:
a) 400 feet between werted.irrigation area and any.residence. under separate�ownership;
b} '60 - feet be ' the ' wetted' area and residences outside of the
golf course development for golf course sprays;
c) 100 foot vegetative buffer between nearest residence and edge of spray influence
for golf course sprayirrigation disposal systems
d) 150 feet between wetted area and property lines;
e).150 feet between the wetted area and property lines of lots outside, of the"
golf course development for golf course sprays;
f) 200 feet between spray iirigation systems and any adjoining property and shall be
buffered by trees in coastal _areas; _ -
g) 100 feet between wetted area and wells;
h) 500 feet from public surface, water supplies or public shallow (less than 50 feet)
groundwater supplies;- or .100 feet from private groundwater supplies: in coastal
,areas;
i) '.100 feet -between wetted area.and drainage ways or surface water bodies,'
jj 50 feet between wetted area and public right of ways;
"k) 100 feet between wastewater'treatment units and wells;
1) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.,
2. If any of the applicable -buffers are,not, being met, please explain how the proposed
buffers will provide equal or better protection of the Waters of.the State with no`increased_
potential for nuisance conditions: NA
THIS APPLICATION PACKAGE WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED BY THE
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMEN I'AL MANAGEMENT UNLESS ALL OF
THE APPLICABLE ITEMS ARE INCLUDED WITH THE SUBMITTAL -
Required
a: One original and three copies of the completed and appropriately executed application .
form.
b. The appropriate permit processing fee, in accordance with 15A NCAC 2H .0205(c)(5).
c. Five copies. of the existing permit if a renewal or modification.
8of13

i
NiECHA,NICAL TREATI IENT
• PAGE 9 (4191)
d. Five sets of detailed plans and specifications signed and sealed by a North Carolina
Professional Engineer. The plans must include a general location map, a topographic map,
a site map which indicates where borings or hand auger samples were taken, a map
rt lines; along with
showing the treatment/disposal facilities, buffers, structures, and property g
all wells, surface waters (100-yeas flood elevation), and surface drainage features wi hin
500 feet of the treatment/disposal facilities. Each sheet of the plans and the first page of the
specifications must be signed and sealed.
e. Five copies of an Operational Agreement (original and 4 copies) must be submitted if the
wastewater treatment and disposal facilities will be serving single family residences,
condominiums, mobile homes, or town houses and if the subject facilities will be owned by
the individual residents, a homeowners association, or a developer.
f. Five copies of all reports, evaluations, agreements, supporting calculations, etc, must be
submitted as a part of the supporting documents which are signed and sealed by the North
Carolina Professional Engineer. AIthough certain portions of this required submittal trust be
developed by other professionals, inclusion of these materials under the signature and seal of
a North Carolina Professional Engineer signifies that he has reviewed this material and has
judged it to be consistent with his proposed design.
g. A soils scientist report which includes texture, color, and structure of soils down to a
depth of seven feet, depth, .thickness and type of any restrictive horizons, hydraulic
conductivity in the most restrictive horizon, cation exchange capacity (CEC), depth
of seasonal high water table, soil pH, soils map (if available), and recommended loading
rates. This report must be signed by the soils scientist.
h. For systems treating industrial waste or any system with a design flow greater than
25,000 GPD a hydrogeologic and soils description of the subsurface to a depth of twenty feet
or bedrock, whichever is less. The number of borings shall be sufficient to determine
significant changes in lithology, the vertical permeability of the unsaturated zone and the
hydraulic conductivity of the saturated zone, depth to the mean seasonal high water table, and
a determination of transmissivity and specific yield of the unconfined aquifer.
i. A proposal for groundwater monitoring and information on the location, construction details,
and primary usage of all wells within 500 feet of the u=tment(disposal facilities.
j. For subsurface systems disposing of industrial waste a complete chemical analysis of the
typical wastewater to include, but not be limited to Total Organic Carbon, BO.D, COD;
Chlorides, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Nitrates, -Phenol, Total Trihalomethanes, Toxicity Test
Parameters, Total Halogenated Compounds, Total Coliforms, and Total Dissolved Solids.
k. In coastal areas a plan for controlling stormwater must be submitted
1. For spray fields a signed agronomist report which states the type of vegetation that is planned
for the spray fields, along with management and harvest schedules.
m. For spray systems an analysis of the wastewater, including heavy metals totals and synthetic
organics, along with calculations for the most limiting constituents.
n. For golf course sprays the specifications must require that signs be posted stating that the
golf course is irrigated with treated wastewater, that spraying will occur between 11:00 p.m.
and three hours prior to the daily opening of the course, that the spray piping *ill be a
separate system with no cross connections to a potable water supply (there shall be no
spigots on the irrigation distribution system), and that the treatment process will produce an
effluent with a monthly average TSS of less than 5_ milligrams per liter and a daily maximum
TSS of less than 10 milligrams per liter and a maximum fecal coliform level of less than 1
per 100 milliliters prior to discharge into the five day detention pond.
9 of 13

• PAGE 10 (4/91)
TO: REGIONAL WATER QUALITY SUPERVISOR
Please provide me with the classification of the surface waters identified in number 5
below and on the attached map segment: '
Name of surface waters:
Classification (as established by the Environmental Management Commission):
Proposed Classification, if applicable:
Signature of regional office personnel: Date:
INSTRUCTIONS TO ENGINEER
In order to determine whether provisions for dual or standby power may be requited for the
subject facility, the classification of the closest downslope surface waters (the surface waters that
any overflow from the facility would flow toward) must be determincd. You are required to
submit this form, with items 1 through 10 completed, to the appropriate Division of Environmental
Management Regional Water Quality Supervisor (see attached listing). At a minimum, you must
include an 8.5",by 11"copy of the portion of a 7.5 minute USGS Topographic Map which shows
the subject surface waters. You must identify the location of the facility and the closest downslope
surface waters (waters for which you arc requesting the classification) on the submitted map copy.
The application may not be submitted until this form is completed and included with the submittal.
1. Applicant (corporation, individual, or other):
2. Name and Complete Address of Engineering Firm:
City: State: Zip:
Telephone No.
3. Project Naive:
4. Facility design flow: GPD
5. Name of closest downslope surface waters:
6. Counry(s) where project and surface waters are located:
7. Map name and date:
8. North Carolina Professional Engineer's Registration No.
9. Print Name of Engineer
10. Seal and Signature (specify date):
10 of 13.

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMEh'AL MANAGEMENT. REGIONALOFFICES (4/91j
Asheville Regional WQ Super..
Washington Regional WQ Super.
,Raleigh Regional WQ Super.
3800 Barrett Dr.h Suite 101
59 Woodfin Place
Asheville, NC 28802 '"
P O Boz 1507 - .:, r
Washington, NC 27889
Raleigh, NC 27609'
704RS1-6208
919R46 6481 , .:
919r733-231411
Avery Maoon
Beaufort' •Jones
Berrie Lenoir
Chatham ' Na it
Dusttam N6� hampton
Buncombe,. 'Madison
urke McDowell
Camden Matrin
8e �. e
Caldwell :Mitchell
Polk. :.
Chowan . PamLco
C', an Pasquotank
Franklin PersonCherokee
GrartviITe Va rx
`Clay Ruthe food '
.
Curntuck Per quimarts
Wake'
Johnston ' Waritn
Graham : Swain
Haywood , ; TransyIYanta
Dace Pitt
Gates 'TYre11
,Lee Wilson.
Henderson " Yancy
:Groate Wastungton
Jackson
Hertford Wayne
.
Hyde
:FayettevilleRegional WQ Super.
MooreMlleRegional WQ Super.
Wilmington Region. WQ.Super
VJachovia Building„Suite 714
919 North Main Street
.127 Cardinal Drive Extension
NC928405.3&45
Fayetteville,"NC 28301
Mooresville, NC 28115
9W1ilmington,
/395-3900 '
9,19/486-1541
9 .:
704/663.169.'`:
,
;
Anson Moore
Alexander. Mklenburg
Brunswick New Hanover
Ot0s
Bladdn Robeson
Cumberland 'Richmond
Cabamts Rowan
Catawba Stanly
Carteret ,
Columbus Ptx►der
Hamea Sampson.
Gaston 'Union
Duplin
` Hoke' Scotland:
IsedeIl Cleveland
Montgomery
Lincoln
Winston-Salem Regional WQ Super.
'8025 North Point Boulevard;' Suite 100.
.
Winston-Salem,'NC 27106
Alamance, Rockingham
'Alleghany Randolph
Ashe Stokes '
Caswell Sorry
."Davidson Watauga
Davie Wilkes „
' Forsyth, Yadidct
Guilford
11of13

1.
PO BOX 87.7
City; .Dover State: DE Zip: 19903_
Telephone No. 302-674-9280
Professional Tfiginee,r's Certification:
I;
Robert W. Kerr ;attest that this application for' Mn u n.Farms- Inc.' has been reviewed by me and is accurate
and complete to .the -best of my knowledge. I further attest that to the best of my knowledge the
proposed -design has been prepared in accordance with the applicable regulations. Although certain
pornons of this submittal package may have been developed by other professionals, inclusion of
these materials. under my'signature and seal'signifies tliatI have reviewed this material and have
judged it to be consistent with the proposed design..
North Carolina Professional Engineer's Registration No. 16152
Print Name of Enginear Robert . -W . Kerr
CA
Seal and Signature" (specify date): ,,•°p4�H �� "•o �%
• •°c'•°c°.o••° r
.. .. .. _ ... � ISO �L°••°°•a•° `(� e,� [ �i
Applicant's. Cert.iflcat.lon:
I, John Wise , attest that this application for. Mo un t a i-r e
Farms Inc.
has been reviewed by the and is accurate and complete to the -be -sit of my knowledge. I understand
that if all required parts of this application are not completed and that if all required supporting
information -and attachments are not included, this application package ' will be returned as
incomplete. •.
Signature �. `e Date November 14, 1997
THE COMPLETED APPLICATION PACKAOE, INCLUDING ALL SUPPORTING.
-INFORMATIONAND MATERIALS, SHOULD BE SENT TO THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS:
NORTH CAROLING DIVISION. OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
WATER QUALITY SECTION
PERMITS AND ENGU.4EERING UNIT
POST OFFICE BOX 2953SI.
512 NORTH SALISBURY STREET
RAI:EIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27626.0535
TELEPHONE NUMBER: 919/733.5083 _
12 of 13 .

1�IECHAIVICAL•TREATMENT
•
PAGE 13 (4191)
PERMIT APPLICATION
PROCESSING FEES
(effective
i
October 1,1990)
CATEGORY
NEW appLICJATIONS_/
RE:-WALS WITHOUT
•
MODIFICATIONS
MODIFICATIONS;
> 1,000,000 GPD
Industrial
$400
$300
Domcsdc/Cooling Water
$400
$300
10,001 - 1,000,000 GPD
Industrial
$400
$250
Domestic/Cooling Water
$400
$250
1,001 - 10,000 GPD
Industrial
$400
$200
Domes6c/Cooling Water
$400 _
$200
< or = 1,000 GPD and
L,.. Single Family Dwelling
$240
$120
Sludge < or = 300 Acres
$400
$250
. Sludge > 300 Acres
S400
$250
Sewer Extensions
(nondelegated) $400 0
Sewer Extensions
(delegated) S200 0
Closed -Loop Recycle
or Evaporative $400 $200
DOTE: The Fees for Soil Remediation Projects are the same as for Sludges.
Under the Sewer Extension Fee, "delegated to municipalities" applies
only to those governmental jurisdictions that have specific ;delegation
review authority, as granted by- the Division of Environmental
Management.
.13 of 13

NON -DISCHARGE WO0000464

Siate;of'N:orth Carolina
Department of Environment "
and -Natural .Resources ,
' Divislon of Water Quality
James'13. Hunt, Jr.; Governor
Wayne McDevitt, Secretary
A: Preston Howard; Jr., P.E., Director
October:29,1997
Mr. John Wise, CGctieral.'Manager
Wuntairc. Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Post Office Box 339 '
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina 28357..
Subject:. Permit No. WQ0000484-clarification
'Moutitaire Farms of North Carolina, Inca
Wastewater Spray Irrigation
Robeson County,
Bear Nv r. Wise: _
On August 29,.1997 the Division -issued Mountaire Farms.a modification peiznit for the facility in
Lumber Bridge. In the letter dated Septcmber'25,.1997, Mountaire Farms noted several discrepancies in
1.the. permit:. The Division has updated this permit as appropriate. 'Therefore, in accordance with your
cequest dated September 25, 1997 we are forwarding herewith modified Permit No. WQ0000484 dated
:.October 29" 1997, to Mountaire Fauns of North Carolina, Inc., for the continued operation of the subject.
wastewater•treatment and spray irrigation':facilitics. The following are comments/changes made -.to the:
requests in the September 25, 1997 letter and are numbered identical; to the letter.
l : S uS: Condition II.7.b. increase the nitrogen loading, rate to 400 pounds per acre per year as.
requested in the application..
Res 2gnse,: Added in the permit is the list of PAN limits for the different crops (Coastal Bermuda
Grass and Winter Grain (Wheat, oats, rye, etc:) approved by ,the Division for this
facility: Depending on the`rype of crop Mountaire Faplants, the PAN. limit will
ble
Change. Also added is the :dou. croppiFarms plants,
condition which allows. for double,
-'cropping with the appropriate reduction in nitrogen .loading for.thc second crop. .
PAN limits can vary. if Mountaire gets an. extension agent or appropriate
agronomist/soil scientist.to determine the realistic yield expectation (RYE) for the sites
and crops to be -grown and determine the site specific PAN,requirements. This
: should allow • for enough flexibility to allow for case of .. operation without
compromising the protection of the water quality, or groundwater quality. if the RYE
option is to be taken, justification must be submitted1b the Division for approval prior
to an.incmuc, in loading.
2. omment: Condition II. I.2'requires-weekly raking during April through October. and. every other
week during November through March. Request to read as rcquestedin letter.
e s ::. The,requestcd language has _been included in the permit... A sentence has been -added
to, the end of tht language;requiring at a minimum, monthly raking of the infiltration
basins.
3.CdtimeQt Request >"rotary -distributor system in Conditivn,IV.a.A be changed.to "rapid,
infiltration system" .
I use: This language has been changed::
P.O. Box 29$35, Raleigh, North Carvtina 2762"635• Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
=An Equal Opportunity.ANirmative Action Emp{pyer W,4-recycle< 01%post=consurtie� paper,

' NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL'MA,NAGEMENT COMMISSION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND.NATURAL RESOURCES
RALBI:GH
SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERMIT
In accordance with the provisions of Article-21 of Chapter 143, GeneraStatutes, of North Camlina as
amended, and.othef applicable Laws, Rules, azM Regulations,
PEpMISSION MHEREBY. GRANTED TO
Mountai re Farms of North Carolina, .Inc.
.Robeson County
FOR THE 1
.construction and.operation:of an infiltration m gallery disposal.systeconsisting of 493 linear feet of eight
inch gravity sewer, a 225 GPM pump station (,'Field C") with duplex pumps, high water alarms,. manual
power transfer, switch and,an emergency generator hookup (Sec Condition 1,8) and approximately 3,670
linear feet of six inch force main, a 35 GPM pump. station ("Field F) with duplex pumps,. high water
alarms, manual. power, transfer switch and an emergency generator hookup (See Condition I.8), five;
individual infiltration basins each with a square footage of 22,500 square feet with all necessary_ pipes,
pumps, -valves; and appurtenances required for,proper, operation.'and for the
addition of two fields forused splay irrigation fields. Ficld,"H" and Field " I" have been included to add
0acres and 10.9 acres respectively. These fields are being approved and include the irrigation systems
proposed, with all necessary.ptpes, pumps, valves, and. appurtenances required for proper operation.
Permission is also granted to Mountaite -Farms of North Carolina, Inc. for the continued operation of a
10,000 GPD extended aeration domestic wastewater treatment faciliiy, and the continued operation of a
570.000,GPD ind=s ial.wastewater treatment system'consisting.of -tot ary screens, an air_flotation/grease ..
trap unit, grit removal, a 1.6 MG two stage lagoon with stage two lined, chlorine disinfection facilities, a 4
MG lined storage lagoon; instrumented flow measurement, dual irrigation pumps, and:191:9 acres of
spray irrigation area (168'.existing acres and an additional 23.9 acres) to serve Mountaire Farms of North ;
Carolina, Inc., with no discharge of wastes to the surface waters;.pursuant to. 'the applications for
mod! ftcatioa' received April: 1, 1997- -and June. 12, _ 1997, and` in conformity with the project plan,
specifications, and. other,- supporting. data subsequently approved by filed and the Department of
Environment; Health' and Natural Resources and considered a part of this -permit.
This,permit shall be effective from the date. of issuance until June 30, 1999, shall void Permit No.
WQ00004-84 issued April- 30, 1996, and shall be ;subject to the following specified conditions and
limitations:"

7
1. P t RF,QRMANCE STAND&ZO
1. The spray irrigation facilities shall be effectively maintained and operated at all times so that
there is no discharge to the surface waters, nor any contamination of ground waters which
will render them unsatisfactory for normal use.. In the event that the facilities fail to
perform satisfactorily, including, the creation of nuisance conditions or failure of the
irrigation area to adequately assimilate. the.wastewater, the Permittee shall take immediate
corrective actions including those actions that may be required by the Division of Water
Quality, such as the construction of additional or replacement wastewater treatment and
disposal facilities.
2. The issuance of this permit shall not relieve the Perrrtittee of the responsibility for damages
to surface or groundwaters resulting from the operation of this facility.
3. The residuals generated from these treatment facilities most be disposed in accordance with
General Statute 143-215.1 and in a manner approved by the North Carolina Division of
Water Quality..
4. Diversion or bypassing of the untreated wastewater from the treatment facilities is
prohibited.'.
The following buffers shall be maintained:
a) 400 feet between wetted arca.and any residence or places of public assembly under
separate ownership,
b) 150 feet between wetted area and property lines,
c) 100 feet between wetted area and wells,
d) 100 feet between wetted area and drainageways or surface water bodies,
c) 50 feet between wetted area. and public right of ways,
f) 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and wells, and
g) 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.
Some of the buffers specified.above may not have been included in previous permits for
this waste treatment and disposal system. These buffers are not intended to prohibit or
prevent modifications, which are required by the Division, to improve performance of the
existing treatment facility, These buffers do, however, apply to modifications of the.
treatment and disposal facilities which are for the purpose of increasing the flow that is
tributary to the facility. These buffers do, apply to any expansion or modification of the
spray irrigation areas and apply. in instances in which the sale of property would cattsc any
of the buffers now complied with, for the treatment and disposal facilities, to be violated.
The applicant is advised that any modifications to the existing facilities will require a permit.
modification.
6: The spray field expansion shall not be under -drained, Areas subject to ponding must be
excluded from irrigation.
7. Ponding of wastewater on any spray irrigation areas will indicate failure of the treatment
and disposal system and shall be sufficient reason for the Division of Water Quality to
require remedial action.
8. After the initial operation of the pump stations and force mains for the infiltration galleries,
Mountaire Farms will perform a test to simulate. a power failure. This test shall determine
the time interval between pump shut down, high level alarms and the rate at which the wet
well and groundwater levels reach unacceptable levels. Should this time interval be. shorter
than the observed power outages reported by CP&L then Mountaire shall install an
emergency generator for the.pump stations.

LI.
,RATI `.D 1AYN CE iR ME S .
.1..
' The facilities shall be properly,maintained' and operated at all times::
2.
Upon classification -of the facility by the Water Pollution Control.'Systcm'Operators
"Certification Commission (WPCSOCC), the. Permittee shall employ a:eert�fied wastewater
treatment plant operator to be in resporisiblecharge: (ORC) of the wastewater treatment
facilities. The operator must.hold a certificate of the type and -gradeat least equivalent to or
greater than the classification assigned :to the wastewater treatment facilities by the.
'employ
WPCSOCC. The Permittee must alsoa: certified back=up operator of the
appropriate' type and grade to comply with the conditions of 15A NCAC 8A ..0202., The .- .;.
' ORC of the facility must visit each Class I. facility. at least weekly and each Class-11, Ql, and
IV facility at least daily, excluding weekends and holidays, and must properly manage arid.
'document daily operation and maintenance of the facility -and must_comply with all other..*
conditions of 15A NCAC 8A .'0202.
. suitable vegetative coyer,of Coastal Bermuda Grass and Winter Grain (Wheat, oats.. rye,
,A.
etc.) shall be maintained on the spray irrigation area. Other crops may -not be grown on the
'
spray fields without -first requesdng'and-receiving a modification to,this perrrut... ;
.- Irrigation.-shall'not be'performed during inclement weather or when _the -ground is in a'
condition that, will cause runoff.
5.
Adequate measures shall ,be taken to prevent wastewater runoff froth the spray.ficld. ,
! •;,; g� -• ..: 6.
" ' The facilities shall be'effectively maintained and aerated as!* nth -discharge -system to
prevent the discharge of any wastewater resulting from the,oper ciols;of this faaihty.
,. ,
Application Rates -The applicationratc on the fields pe rmitted hcoe4shall not•exeteci either
rate listed below.
K' ,r:::c +w :,
a ':The apt lieation rate shall.'not•exceed a cuiiio3atNwl6a r*-*764nches over,any-twe'lve '
;(12).' month period at ari instautamous , plicatsorrxate not to:catiae ponding; or runoff. .
r , , i�•r� <i .r.
{,
b. Tho application rate shall alto Vc. limited byivitr�gcu;por ache �er year as'listcd in the
tablebclow:
CroPAN •(1b./acre/�tr.l ;.
300
Bermuda Grass (Hay)Milo-
Small Grain (Wheat, barleys oats) •:::;1:00 '
:
Q'fimothy; Orchard,*& Ry:G't Tass': �.200 r
�E::ttl(: }j)i:fl�• :1•i
If oved spray 7igaEi�sts'to tdoite il(i..,.acrop YAhesiriAg�andthe al -
cn!.`ie second �:i{
a, second crop in the'fall, *iiI�CBR�TH; trips fomice!''� .:wastowateLp;!then.thaseo nd crop
.s tall re ci4 an application af:natcients at a -rate ofi;no,:gareatd[i�Di�3a 50 lb Jaere%yr.••This
-long '-If.
. ! :.he sec0116
practice.,will be'allowed as as.the. second- crop;is to be•:htNH1tedt the second crop is
to•be planted for erosion control-bniy; and is to bc'tMed intoctho:soil, then: na wastewater.
,e.ei I'n :�t . ,
shall be applied to these fields because the nitrogeri will essentiaRy:be returnw.i, the soil..
8 .
„ No type, of wastewater other than that from Mountain Farms of North Carolina, Inc., shall
he sprayed onto the irrigation area.
9'.-
'No traffic -or equipment shall be allowed on the disposal .area except while installation
'
occurs or while normal maintenance being performed. At no -time shall -equipment be
allowed on;ahe rapid infiltratlon basins..
3. : ;

ontrolld
10: Public access to the land application sites showinghbc he acti v es beingtconducted at each
controls may include the posting of signs
site.
11: A flow measuring device shall be installed for influent and effluent wastewater for this
facility. The flow measuring device shall be calibrated. annually.
12. The rapid.in. basins shall be 1ed and grow h from becodto mingrevent the surface of th
established. Vegetative
beds from becoming sealed and vegetativeg
h
at, all times. All
growth must be keptdut 0edmanual y so that aminfiltration basins
minimal disturbances -will Occur to the
vegetation must be
disposal area. At a minimum the basins shall be raked once per month. .
13. The application of chemicals to the rapid infiltradon basins is expressly prohibited.
Ire
III. O I D EP R NG RE UI EMENTa
t tissue
1, Any monitoring (including. $ sion ofter, surface water, soil or WaterQuality to insure, urface and ground water
deemed necessary by the Division ortin schedule'shall-he
protection will be established and an acceptable sampling p g
followed.
ttr
2. Adequate records shall be shall includeybut are not neces arilthe Perrnittee ythe
mited to, othe folio following
disposed. These records
information:
a, date of irrigation;
b, volume of wastewater irrigated,
c. field irrigated,
d length of time field is irrigated,
e.' ' continuous weekly, monthly, and year=to-date hydraulic (inches acre) loadings for each .
field,
f , weather conditions, and
g .. maintenance of cover crops.
3. The effluent from the subject facilities shall be monitored ont 1 by the Permittee at the
r to irrigation for the following Parameters:
point prio
BOb5 TSS
Fecal Coliform Sodium
NH3 as N
Magnesium Calcium
TKN Nitrite nitrogen
Nitrate Nitrogen PAN.(by calculation) 16,�`
Nickel
Lead
Cadmium zinc
Flow 5'o Solids
Phosphorous Copper
Sodium Adsorption Ratio by Calculation
2

4, A represcritative annual soils analysis (Standard Soil Fertility -Analysis) shall be conducted
on each site receiving wastewater in the respective calendar year and the results maintained
-on file by the Penr ttee for a minimum of five years,.
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis shall include, but is not necessarily limited to, the
following parameters:
Acidity Manganese Potassium
Calcium Percent Humic Matter Sodium
Copper pH Zinc
Magnesium Phosphorus
Cation Exchange Capacity Base Saturation (by. calculation)
The Standard Soil Fertility Analysis (see above) and an analysis for the following
pollutants shall be conducted once penprior to peit renewal on soils from each site which has
received wastewater during the permit cycle.
Nickel Cadmium Lead
A report from a Soil Scientist shall accompany the above required analysis to determine site
soils. efficiency.
5 . Scheduled maintenance (cleaning) of the air floatation/grease trap .shall -be performed
quarterly. A written report shall be submitted to the. Fayetteville Regional Office, Water
Quality Supervisor, Wachovia Building, Suite 714, Fayetteville, NC 28301, at the end of
each quarter.
6. Scheduled maintenance of the spray. acreage shall be performed in Marchand October. The
maintenance shall iticlude disking and subsoiling the permitted acreage to ensure that
ponding does not occur. A written report shall be submitted to.the.Fayetteville'Regional
Office, Water Quality Supervisor, Wachovia Building, Suite 714, Fayetteville, NC 28301,
at the end of April and November.
7. Three copies of all operation and disposal records as specified in condition III 2, III 3, III
4, Ili 5 and III 6 and any other data as may be required shall be submitted on or. before the
last day of the following month to the following address:
NC Division of Water Quality.. .
Water Quality Section
Non -Discharge Compliance/Enforcement Unit
PO Box 29535
Raleigh, NC 27626-0535
S. Noncompliance Notification:
The Perrnittee shall report by telephone to the Fayetteville Regional Office, -telephone
number 910-486-1541 as soon as possible, but in no case more than 24 hours or oil the
next working day following the occurrence 'or first knowledge of the occurrence of any of
the following:
a. Any occurrence at the wastewater treatment facility which results in the treatment of
significant amounts of wastes which are abnorrtial in quantity or characteristic, such as
the dumping of the contents of a sludge digester, the known passage of a slug of
hazardous substance through.the facility, or any other unusual circumstances;
b. Any process unit failure, due to known or unknown reasons,,that renders the facility
incapable of adequate wastewater treatment, such as mechmical or electrical failures of
pumps, aerators', compressors, etc.; -

�c. Any failure of a pumping station, sewer line, or, treatment facility resulting in a by-pass
directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portionof the influent to
such station or facility,, or
d. Any time that self -monitoring information indicates that the facility has gone out of
compliance with its permit limitations.
Persons reporting such occurrences by telephone shall also file a written report in letter
form within five (5) days following first knowledge.of the occurrence. This report must
outline the actions taken or proposed to be taken to ensure that the problem does not. recur.
IV. GROUNDWATER REQUIREMENTS
1. Prior to beginning waste disposal operations of the rapid infiltration system, two
downgradient monitoring wells, designated as MNV-26 and MW-27' shall be installed to
monitor groundwater quality. Prior to beginning waste disposal operations at the; new
irrigation fields "H" and "I", one downgradient monitoring well, designated as MW-28
shall be installed to monitor groundwater quality The three wells shall be constructed such
that the water level in the well is never above or below the screened (open) portion of the
well at any time during the year. The general location and name for each well.is marked on
Attachment A. Each monitoring well shall be located at -the review. boundary, -constructed
in accordance with this permit, and approved by the Fayetteville Regional Office.
2. All wells that are constructed for purposes of groundwater monitoring shall be constructed
in accordance with 15A NCAC 2C ,0108 (Standards of.Coristruction for Wells Other than
Water Supply) and any other state and local laws and regulations pertaining to well .
construction.
.3. The Fayetteville Regional Office, telephone number 910486-1541, shall be notified at lcast
E forty-eight (48) hours prior to the construction of any monitoring well so that an inspection
can be made of the monitoring well location. Such notification to the regional groundwater
supervisor shall be made during the normal office hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. on
Monday through Friday, excluding state holidays.
4. Within thirty days of completion of all well construction activities, a certification must be
received from a professional engineer certifying that the monitoring wells are located and
constructed in accordance with the Well Construction Standards (15A NCAC 2C) and this
permit. This certification should be submitted with copies of the Well Completion Form
(GW-1) for each well. Mail this certification and the associated GW-1 forms to the Pettnits
and Compliance Unit,- Groundwater Section, P.O. Box 29578, Raleigh, NC; 27626-0578.
5. For the initial sampling of the well as specified elsewhere in the permit, the permittee shall
submit a copy of the GW-1 Form (Well Completion Form) with the.Compliancc
Monitoring Form (OW-59) for that well. Compliance Monitoring Forms that do not
include copies of the GW-l.form will be returned to the perrriittee without being processed.
Failure to submit these forms as required by this permit may result in the initiation .of
enforcement activities pursuant to NC General Statutes 143-215.6. -
Within sixty (60) days of completion of all monitoring wells, the permittee shall. submit two
original copies of a scaled topographic map (scale no greater than I": I GO') signed -and
sealed by a professional engineer or a state licensed land surveyor that indicates all -of the
following information:
a, the location and identity of each monitoring well,
b. the location of the waste disposal system,
c. the location of all property boundaries;
d, the latitude and longitude of the esiabUshed horizontal control monument,

e. the relative elevation of the top of the well casing (which shall be known as the
"measuring point"), and
f. the depth of water below the 'measuring point at the time the. measuring point is
established-.
The survey shall be conducted using approved practices outlined in North Carolina General
Statutes Chapter 89C and the North Carolina Administrative Code Title 21, Chapter 56,
The surveyor shall establish 'a horizontal control monument on the property of the.waste
disposal system and determine- the latitude and longitude of this horizontal control
monument to a horizontal positional accuracy of +/- 10 feet. All other features listed' in a.
through e. above shall be surveyed relative to this horizontal control monument. The
positional accuracy of features listed in a. through c. above shall have a ratio of precision'_
not to exceed an error of closure of l foot per 10,000 feet of perimeter of the survey. Any
features located by the radial method will be. located from a. minimum of two points.
Horizontal control monument shall be installed in such. a manner and made of such
materials that the monument will not be destroyed due to activities that may take plaec on
the property. The map shall also be surveyed using the North American Datum of 1983
coordinate system and shall indicate the datum on the map. All bearings or azimuths shall
be based on either the true or NAD 83 grid meridian. If a Global Positioning System
(GPS) is used to determine the latitude and longitude of the horizontal control monument, a
GPS receiver that has the capability to perform differential GPS shall be used and all data
collected by the GPS receiver will be. differentially corrected..
The maps and any supporting documentation shall 'be sent to the Groundwater Section,
N.C. Division of Water Quality P.O. Box 29578 Raleigh, N.C. 27626-0578.
7. , _ Within 60 days of permit issuance, monitoring.well MWm2l shall be abandoned in
accordance with 15A NCAC .0113 (a)(2). A well abandonment record (OW-30 form) of
the' well shall a submitted ,to. the Fayetteville Regional Office within 30 days of well
abandonment.
8. The new monitoring wells MW-26, MW-27 and MW-28 shall be sampled initially after
construction (and prior to waste disposal. operations) and thereafter with monitoring wells
MW-8, MW-13, MW-14, MW-15, MW-16, MW-17, .MW-18, M.W-19, MW-20, MW-23.
MW-24, and MW-25 every April, August, and December for the following parameters:
Water Level pH
Chloride Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Fecal Coli£orms
Nitrate (NO3) Ammonia Nitrogen
Volatile Organic Compounds - In December only by Method 6230D below
Method 6230D (Capillary - Column), "Standard Methods For.The Examination of Water
and Wastewater", 17th ed., 1989
The. measurement of water levels must be made prior to sampling for the remaining
parameters..The depth to water in each well shall be measured from the surveyed point on
the top of the casing.
The measuring points (top of well casing) of all monitoring wells shall be surveyed to'
provide the relative elevation of the measuring point for each monitoring well.
If TOC concentrations greater than 10 mg/1 arc detected in any downgradient, monitoring
well, additional sampling and analysis must be conducted to identify the individual
constituents comprising_this TOC concentration. If the TOC concentration as measured in
the background monitor well exceeds 10 mg/l, this concentration will be taken to represent
the naturally occurring TOC concentration. Any exceedances of this naturally occurring
TOC concentration in the downgradient wells shall be subject to the additional sampling
and analysis as described above.

`If any.volatile organic compounds are.detected•by Wthod,62301), then the -Fayetteville '
Regional. Office Groundwater Supervisor',. -telephone 'number 910.4$6�154-1., 'must be
contacted immediately for further instructions regarding any additional follows -up analyses .
required. The 'results of all initial and follow-up analyses- must be submitted.
=' simultaneously: ...
The results of the sampling and. analysis must be received on Forrii GW=59 (Groundwater
Qualityy Monitoring: Compliance Report form) by.the Groundwater Section, Permits and :
Compliance Unit, P.O. Box 29578 'Raleigh,,.N.C. 27626-0578 on or before 'the last
working day ,of the month following :the sampling month.
.9. ..
The COIyIPL,IANCE BOUNDARY foi.the disposal system is specified by regulations`in-
15A N.CAC 2L, Groundwater Classifications artd Standards. The Compliance Boundary is
for the'disposal system constructed after December 31, 1983 is established at'eithcr (1) 250 .
feet from the waste disposal area, or (2) 50 feet within the property boundary, whichever is
closest to the waste disposal area: -An exceedance of Groundwatcr•Quality Standards at or
.beyond the Compliance Boundary. is subject to immediatc remediation action to addition to
the. penalty provisions applicable under General. Statute 143-21'5.6A(a)(1).,
In accordance with 15A NCAC-Mi—a RFVIFW BOUNDARY is established around the -
disposal systems midway, bctwceh..the Compliance Boundary and the perimeter of the.
" waste disposal area. Any exceedance of.staridards ai-thc Review Boundary.shall require
" remediation action.on'the part of the permittee.:..
lb.
- Any •additional groundwate'r`quality monitoring, as deemed'necessary by the Division, shall
be provided: .
V . . INSPECTIONS
I.
Adequate inspection, maintenance, and cleaning shall be provided by the lermittee to
insure proper. operation of the subjectfacilities. '
2,
The Permittee or his designee shall inspect the wastewater treatment and -disposal facilities
to prevent malfunctions and deterioration, operator errors and discharges.whieh may cause
or lead to release of wastes to the environment, a threat to human health, or a nuisance.
-the
The Permittee shall keep an inspection log or summary including at least the date and time
of inspection, observations made, and,any maintenance, repairs, or, corrective actions taken = -
'
by the Permittee. This log of inspections shall be. maintained by the Permittee for a period
of three years from the date. of the inspection and shall be made available upon `request to
the Division of Water Quality or other.permitting,authority,
Any duly authorized officer, employee, or-cepresentafive of the Division of Watcr.Quality
-may, upon presentation of credentials, enter and inspect any -property, premises or place on
or related to thee,disposal site or facility at. any reasonable time for the -,purpose of.
determining compliance with this permit,.may inspect or copy, any records that must be .
raintained under•the terms and conditions of this permit; and may obtain samples of..'
_
groundwater, -surface water, or leachate:
V1. -.: GENERAL.
CONDI IT. 0M. ;
1.
This permit shall become -voidable unlessthe facilities are constructcdin accordance with
the conditions of this permit, the•approved plans and specifications, and other.supporting
data.
2.
This permit is 'effcctive.only with- r pect to the nature and volume of wastes described in
the application and other supporting data.

3: This peimii' is:not transferable. in thc.c4cnt there, is' a.desite fox the facilities to change
ownership, or there is a.name changc-of the"Permittm a formal permit request must be .
submitted to the -Division. of-. Water: Quality- accompanied by an application fee,
documentation .frorn'the parties involved, and other supporting materials as'may be
appropriate. The approval of this,request will be considered on its merits and may or may, -
not be approved.
4, . Failure, to abide by -the conditions and.limitations contained in this permit may subject the
Permittee to,an enforcement action by the. Division of Water Quality in accordance with':
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.6(a) to 143-215,6(c). ;
•5. , The issuance of this perud(does not preclude:the Permittee from complying with any and `
all statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances which'may be imposed by other government
agencies (local,. state, and federal) which have jurisdiction.
A set of approved plans and' specifications for the subject project must. be retained by the
;Permitte�c for the life of the -•project: .
7. The annual administering and compliance fee must be'paid by the Permittce within'thirty -
: (30) days. after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee accordingly may cause;
the Division to initiate action to revoke this permit as specified.by 15A.NCAC2I1 .0205.
8 . -The Permitter,, at least six (6) months ,prior to the expiration of this permit,. shall request its.
extension. Upon receipt of the request,•the Commission will review the adequacy of the
facilitics.descnbed therein, and if warranted, will extend the permit for such period of time
- . and under such conditions and limitations as it may.deeni appropriate. .
Permit issued this, the Twenty Ninth.day 'of October, 1997
NORTH C IJNA E 0 AX, MANAGSKENT COMMISSION - : • .
A. Preston Howard, Jr.; .E., Director .
Division of Water Quality
By.Authority of the Environmental Management•Comcnission ;
Permit. Number' WQ0000484

Permit No. WQ0000484
October 29, 1997
I,+ N .INEER,S CERTIFICATION
as a duly registered Professional Engineer in the State of North
Carollna, having been authorized to observe (periodically, weekly, full time) the construction of the
Project, _ for the
Projecr Name . Location.
Permittee hereby state that, to the best of my abilities, due cart and diligence was used in the observation
of the construction such that the construction- was observed to be built within substantial compliance and
intent of this permit, the approved plans and specifications, and other supporting materials.
Signature Registration No.
Date
m

NPDES NCO040185

State of.North Carolina
Dep'artment'of. Environite'rit,'' -
Health -and Natural Resources
Division,of- Environmental' Management
James B. Hunt, Jr.' Governor. p
Jonathan B. Howes; Secretary � E H N �.
A�. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
.March 6, 1996'
Mr. Harry Don Bull ,
Mountaire Farms of.Norrh Carolina, Inc.
P. O. Box 339
Lumber Bridge, North. Carolina 28351
Subject: Permit Modification=Ownership Change
NPDES #NC0040185
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina
(formerly Piedmont Poultry)
Robeson County
Dear Mr. Bull ;
In. accordance with your request received February 29, 1996, the Division is �forwarding•the
subject permit. The only change. in this ,permit regards ownership. All other terms and conditions
in the original permit remain unchanged :and in' full -.effect. This permit modification is issued
pursuant to the requirements of North Carolina General Statute 143=215:1 and the Memorandum- .
of Agreement -between North ,Carolina•and the U: S. Environmental • Protection Agency dated
December 6, 1983.
This - permit does not affect the legal requirement to obtain other permits which may be,
required by the Division of Environmental Management or permits required by,the Division. -of.
Land. Resources,. Coastal Area Management Act, or. any other Federal or Local governmental
permit that may be required..
If you have any questions concerning this modification, please contact Alan Jones at telephone .
number [phone],-extension.538.
Sincerely,
�^!A. Preston, Howard Jr., P.E.
. ;� , ° . 1, •, .. _ _ ,
cc: Central=Files
Fayetteville Regional Office, Water Quality Section
A4;j
Permits and Engineering Unit
P.O. Box 29535., Raleigh, North Carolina 27626 0535 Telephone [phone]'. .FAX [phone]_
An. Equal.Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50 recycled/ 10 post -consumer paper

Permit No. NCO040185
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PERMIT
TO DISCHARGE WASTEWATER UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provision of North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1,
other lawful standards -and regulations promulgated and adopted by the North Carolina Environmenta,
Management Commission, and the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended,
Ivlountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
is hereby authorized to discharge wastewater from a facility located at
Mountaire Farms
on NC Highway 71
southwest of Antioch
Robeson County
•o receiving waters designated as Big Marsh Swamp in the Lumber River Basin
in accordance with effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and other conditions set forth in
Parts I, R, and III hereof.
This permit shall become effective March 6, 1996
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight on December 31, 1999
Signed this day March 6, 1996
4r\/A. Preston Howard, Jr.3.E., Director
Division of Environmental Management
By Authority of the Environmental Management Commission

Permit No. NC0040185
SUPPLEMENT TO PERMIT COVER SHEET .
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
is hereby authorized to:
1. Continue to operate an existing extended aeration package plant with post disinfection. Continue
to operate and maintain the existing process wastewater system consisting of rotary screens, air
flotation unit in grease trap, grit removal, three -stage lagoons, instn.tmented flow measurement,
dual irrigation pumps, and 75 acres of spray irrigation Fields underlaid by drainage tile located at
Mountaire Farms, on NC Highway 71, southwest of Antioch, Robeson County (See Part III
of this Permit), and
2. Discharge from said treatment works at the location specified on the attached map into Big Marsh
Swamp which is classified Class C-Swamp waters in the Lumber River Basin.

r, UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE IN-FE IOR
0 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
79'07'30" e]?OJ-E 173 1..5 et, ro Ne ;,o 675 5'
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1459
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EFFLUEI. r ►-IMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS. Permit No. NCO040185
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
outfall(s) serial number 001 **. Such discharges -shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:
luent Characteristics Discharge Limitations
L.0*10aY . Units (spectfy)
Mon. Avg, Daily Max Mon. Avg, Daily Max,
). 5 Day, 20 °C 5.0 mg/I 7.5 mg/I
as N 2.0, mg/I
>olved Oxygen—
it Suspended Residue 30.0 mg/I 45.0 mg/I
ind Gre�.se 2.0 mg/I 4.0 mg/I
Ieable ' olids 0.1 ml/I 0.2 ml/I
1perature
ductivily
it Nitrogen (NO2+NO3+TKN)
it Phosphorus
Monitoring Requirements
Measurement
Sample.
'Sample
Frequency
Type
Location
Weekly
Instantaneous
E
2/Month
Grab
E
2/Month
Grab
E
Weekly
Grab
E,U,D
2/Month
Grab
E
2/Month
Grab
E
2/Month
Grab.,
E
Weekly
Grab
E,U,D
Weekly
Grab
U,D
Quarterly
Grab'
E
Quarterly
Grab
E
"-Sample locations: E - Effluent, I - Influent, U - Upstream above the discharge point, D - Downstream 1.8 miles'below.discharge at NCSR
1750
**Discharge 001 is the wastewater. from the underdrain system serving spray irrigation Field C.
***The daily average dissolved oxygen effluent concentration shall not be less than 2.0 mgA.
"fhe pH shall not be less than 5.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored weekly at the effluent by grab
sample.
There shall. be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.
1

EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FINAL Permit No. NCO040185
During the period beginning on the effective date of the permit and lasting until expiration, the Permittee is authorized to discharge from
:)utfall(s) serial number 002 **. Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the permittee as specified below:
nt Characterlstics Discharge Llmltatlons
Monitoring Requirements
hbs/day Units (speclfy)
Measurement
Sample 'Sample
Mon. Avg. Daily Max Mon, Ava. Dally Max.
Frequency
Typp
LQcation
Weekly
Instantaneous
E
Day, 20 'C . 5.0 mg/I 7.5 mg/I
2/Month
Grab
E
N 2.0 mg/I
2/Month
Grab
E
ed Oxygen "'
Weekly
Grab
E,U,D
ispended Residue 30.0 mg/I 45.0 mg/I
2/Month
Grab
E
Grease 2.0 mg/I 4.0 mg/I
2/Month
Grab
E ,
)le iolids 0.1 ml/I 0.2 ml/I
2/Month
Grab
E
rature
Weekly
Grab
E,U,D
Aivity
Weekly
Grab
U,D
itrogen (NO2+NO3+TKN)
Quarterly
Grab
E
hosphorus
Quarterly
Grab
E
*Sample locations: E - Effluent, I. -Influent, U - Upstream above the discharge point, D - Downstream 1.8 miles below discharge at NCSR
1750
**Discharge 002 is the wastewater from the underdrain system serving spray irrigation Field F.
***The daily average dissolved oxygen effluent concentration shall not be less than 2.0 mg/l.
Thc pi -I shall not be less than 5.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units and shall -be monitored weekly at.the effluent by grab
sample.
Thcre shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.

Pan II
Page 1 of 14.
PART II
STAJNDARD CONDITIONS FOR NPDES PERNUTS
The Director of the Division of Environmental Management
Means the Division of Environmental Management, Department of Environment, Health and
Natural Resources. ,
3. tiT
Used herein means the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission.
any-T40WITZET-M
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, as amended, 33
USC 1251, et. seq.
The "monthly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges
sampled and/or measured during a calendar month on which daily discharges are sampled
and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during
such month. It is therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of the
pollutant found each day of the month and then dividing this sum by the number of days
the tests were reported. The limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" in Part I of the
permit
b. The "weekly average discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges sampled
and/or measured during the calendar week (Sunday - Saturday) on which daily discharges.
are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled.and/or
measured during such week. It is, therefore, an arithmetic mean found by adding the
weights of pollutants found. each day of the week and then dividing this sum by the'
number of days the tests --vere reported. This limitation is identified as "Weekly Average"
in Pan I of the permit.
.. The "maximum daily discharge" is the total mass (weight) of a pollutant discharged during
a calendar day. If only one sample is taken during any calendar day the weight of pollutant
calculated from it is the "maximum daily discharge." This limitation is identified as "Daily
Maximum," in Part I of the permit.
d. The "average annual discharge" is defined as the total mass of all daily discharges sampled
and/or- measured during -he calendar year on which daily discharges are sampled and
measured, divided by the number of daily discharges sampled and/or. measured during such
year. It is, therefore, sr; arithmetic mean found by adding the weights of pollutants found
each day of the year and then dividing this sum by the number of days the tests were
reported. This limitacc•n. is defined as 'Annual Average" in Part I.of the permit.

PART I
Section B. Schedule of Compliance
1. The permittee shall comply with Final Effluent Limitations specified for discharges in
accordance with the following schedule:
Permittee shall comply with Final Effluent Limitadons by the effective date of the permit unless
specified below.
2. Permittee shall at all times provide the operadon and maintenance necessary to operate the
existing facilities at optimum efficiency.
3. No later than 14 calendar days following a date identified in the above schedule or compliance,
the permittce shall submit either a report of progress or, in the case of specific actions being
required by identified dates, a written notice of compliance or noncompliance. In the latter
case, the notice shall include the cause of noncompliance, any remedial actions taken, and the
probability of meeting the next schedule requirements.

Part I I "
Page ? of 14
6. Concenndon '\1eag•.:rement
The "average monthly concentration," other than for fecal colifcrm bacteria, i,s the sum of
the concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar month
on which daily discharges are sampled and measured, divided by the number of daily
discharges sampled and/or measured during such month (arithmetic mean of the daily
concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentradon of a
composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmedc mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average monthly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during a
calendar month. This limitation is identified as "Monthly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
The "average `' eekly concentration,"other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during. a calendar week
(Sunday/Saturday) on which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the
number of daily discharges sampled and/or measured during such week (arithmedc mean of
the daily concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the contents ion
of a composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by
flow value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day. The average weekly count
for,fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for samples collected during
a calendar week. This limitation is identified as "Weekly Average" under "Other Limits" in
Part I of the permit.
c. The "maximum daily concentration" is the concentration of a pollutant discharge during a
calendar day. If only one sample is taken. during any calendar day the concentration of
pollutant calculated from it is the "Maximum Daily Concentration". It is identified as
"Daily Maximum" under "Other Limits" in Pan I of the permit.
d. The "average annual concentration," other than for fecal coliform bacteria, is the sum of the
concentrations of all daily discharges sampled and/or measured during a calendar year on
which daily discharges are sampled and measured divided by the number of daily
discharges sampled and/or measured during such year (arithmetic mean of the daily
concentration values). The daily concentration value is equal to the concentradon of a
composite sample or in the case of grab samples is the arithmetic mean (weighted by flow
value) of all the samples collected during that calendar day . The average yearly count for
fecal coliform bacteria is the geometric mean of the counts for Samplescollectedduring a
calendar year. This limitation is identified as "Annual Average" under "Other Limits" in
Pan I of the permit.
e. The "daily average concentration" (for dissolved oxygen) is the minimum allowable amount
of dissolved oxygen required to be available in the effluent prior to discharge averaged
over a calendar day, If only one dissolved oxygen sample is taken over a calendar day, the
sample is considered to be the "daily average concentration" for the discharge. It is
identified as "daily average" in the text of Part I.
f. The "quanerly average concerttndon" is the average of all samples taken over a calendar
qu rter. It is identified as "Quarterly Average.Limitation" in the text of Pan I of the permit.
g. A calendar quarter is defined as one of the following distinct periods: January through
I`larch, April through June, July through September, and October. through December.

Pan II
Page 3 of 14
7. Other Measurements
a. Flow, (MGD): The flow limit expressed in this permit is the 24 hours average flow,
averaged monthly. It is determined as the arithmetic mean of the total daily flows recorded
during the calendar month.
b. An "instantaneous flow measurement" Iis a measure of flow taken at the time of sampling,
when both the sample and flow will be representative of the total discharge. .
c. A "continuous flow measurement" is a measure of discharge flow from the facility which
occurs continually without interruption throughout the operating hours of the facility. Flow
shall be monitored continually except for the infrequent times when there.may be no flow
or for infrequent maintenance activities on the flow device.
a. Composite Sample: A composite sample shall consist of:
(1) a series of grab samples collected at equal time intervals over a 24 hour period of
discharge and combined proportional to the rate of flow, measured at the time of
individual sample collection, or
(2) a series of grab samples of equal volume collected over a 24 hour period with the time
intervals between samples determined by a preset number of gallons passing the
sampling point. Flow measurement between sample intervals shill be determined by
- use of a. flow recorder and totalizer, and the present gallon interval between sample
collection fixed -at no greater than 1/24 of the expected total daily flow at the treatment
system, or
(3) a. single, continuous sample collected over a 24 hour period proportional to the rate of
flow.
In accordance with (1) above, the time interval between influent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour, and the time interval between effluent grab samples shall be no
greater than once per hour except at wastewater treatment systems having a detention time
of greater than 24 hours. In such cases, effluent grab samples may be collected at time
intervals evenly spaced over the 24 hour period which are equal in number of hours to the
detention time of the system in number of days. However, in no case may the time interval
between effluent grab samples be greater than six(6) hours nor the number of samples less
than four (4) during a 24 hour sampling period.
b. Grab Sample:. Grab samples are individual samples collected over a period of time not
exceeding 15 minutes; the grab sample can be taken manually. Grab samples must be
representative of the discharge or. the receiving waters.
9. Calculation of Means
Arithmetic Mean: The arithmetic mean of any set of values is the summation of the
individual values divided by the number of individual values.
Geometric .'vican: The geometric mean of any set of values is the Nth root of the product of
the individual values where Nis equal to the number of individual values. The geomeric
mean is equivalent to the antilog of the arithmetic mean of the logarithms of the individual
values. For purposes ,of calculating the geometric mean, values of zero (0) shall be
considered to be one (1).

Part 11
Page 4 of 14
Weighted by Flow Value: Weighted by flow value means the summation of each
concentration times its respective flow divided by the summation of the respective flows.
10. Calendar Day
A calendar day is defined as the period from midnight of one day undl midnight of the next
day. However, for purposes of this permit, any consecutive 24-hour period that reasonably
represents the calendar day may be used for sampling.
A hazardous substance means any substance designated under 40 CFR Pan 116 pursuant to
Section 311 of the Clean WaterAct.
12. Toxic Pollutant
A toxic pollutant is any pollutant listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act.
SECTION B. GENERAL CONDITIONS
1. Duly to Comp
The permittee must comply with all conditions of this permit. Any, permit noncompliance
constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act and is grounds for enforcement action; for permit
termination, revocation and reissuance, or modification;. or denial of a permit renewal
apphcadoh.
The permittee shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under.
section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act for `toxic pollutants and with standards for sewage
sludge use or disposal established under section.405(d) of the Clean Water Act within the
time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions or standards -
for sewage sludge use or disposal, even if the permit has not yet been modified to -
incorporate the requirement.
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who"violates a permit condition is'subject to
a civil penalty not to exceed S25,000 per day for each violation. Any person who
negligently violates any permit condition is subject to criminal penalties of $2,500 to
S25,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. Any
person who knowingly violates permit conditions is subject to criminal penalties of $5,000
to $50,000 per day of violation, or imprisonment for nor -more than 3 years, or both. Also,
any person who violates a.permit condition may be assessed an administrative penalty not
to exceed $10,000 per violadon with the maximum amount not to exceed S 125,000., [Ref:
Section 309 of the Federal Act 33 U.S.C. 1319 and 40 CFR 122.41 (a)]
c. Under state law, a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars. ($10,000) per
violation may be assessed against any person who violates or fails to act in accordance with
the terms, conditions, or requirements of a permit. (Ref: North Carolina General Statutes
§ 143-215.6A]
d. Any person may be assessed an administrative penalty by the Administrator for violating
section. 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act, or any permit condition or
limitation implementing any of such sections in a permit .issued under section 402 of the
Act. Administrative penalties for Class I violations are not to exceed S10,000 per ,_Iolati.on,
with the maximum amount of any Class I penalty assessed not to. exceed S25,000.

Part 11
Page 5 of 14
Penalties for Class II violations are not to exceed $10,000 per day for each day .during
which the violation continues, with the maximum amount of any Class II penalty not to
exceed $125,000.
2. Duty to Midgate
The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to minimize or prevent any discharge or, sludge use
or disposal in violadon of this permit which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting
human health or the environment.
3. Cjvi_1 and Criminal Liability
Except as provided in permit conditions on "Bypassing" (Part II, C-4) and "Power Failures"
(Part II, C-7), nothing in this permit shall be construed to relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties for noncompliance pursuant to NCGS 143-215.3, 143-_
215.6 or Section 309 of the Federal Act, 33 USC 1319. Furthermore, the permittee is
responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even though the responsibility for
effective compliance may be temporarily suspended.
4. (ail and Humdous Substance Liability
Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the insdrudon of any legal action or relieve
the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilides, or penalties to which the permittee is or may
be subject to under NCGS 143-215.75 et seq, or Section 311 of the Federal Act, 33 USG 1321.
Furthermore, the permittee is responsible for consequential damages, such as fish kills, even
though the responsibility for effective compliance may be temporarily suspended.
5. Property Rights
The issuance of this permit does not convey, any property rights in either real or personal
property, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any
invasion of personal rights, nor any infringement of Federal, State or local laws or regulations.
6. Onshore or Offshore Constriction
This permit does not authorize or approve the construction of any onshore or offshore physical
structures or facilities or the undenaking of any work in any navigable waters.
7. Severability.
The ;provisions of this permit are severable, and if any provision of this permit, or the
application of any provision of this permit to any circumstances, is held invalid, the application
of such provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit, shall not be affected
thereby.
8. Dy,iv to Provide Information
The permittee shall furciish to the Permit Issuing Authority, within a reasonable time, any
information which the Penrit Issuing Authority may request to determine whether cause exists
for modifying, revoking a:::l reis:-jing, cr terminating this permit or to determine compliance
with this permit. The :enr.ittec shall also furnish to the Permit Issuing Authority upon
request, copies of recorw require,: to be kept by this permit.

Par: I
Page 6 of 14
If the permictee wishes to continue an activity regulated by this permit after the expiration date
of this permit, the permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit.
The permittee is not authorized to discharge after the expiration date. In order, to - receive
automatic authorization to discharge beyond the expiradori date, the permitter shall submit such
information, forms, and fees as are required by the agency authorized to issue permits no later
than 180 days prior to the expiration date. Any permittee that has not requested renewal at least
180 days prior to expiration, or any permittee that does not have a permit after the 'expi.ratinn
and has.not requested renewal at least 180 days prior to expiration, will subject Ul e.perrrtit= toenforcement procedures as provided in NCGS 143-215.6 and 33 USC 1251 et. seg.
11. Signatory_ Requirements
All applications, reports, or information submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority shall be
signed and certified'.
a. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
(1) For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this Section,
.a responsible corporate officer means: (a) a president, secretary, treasurer or vice
president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other
person who performs similar policy or decision making functions for the corporadon,
or (b) the manager of one or more manufacturing production or operating facilities
employing more than 250 persons or having gross annual sales or expenditures
exceeding 25 million (in second quarter 1980 dollars), if authority to sign,documents
has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures.
(2) For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general partner or the proprietor,
respecdvely; or
(3) For a municipality. State. Federal, or other public agency: by either a principal
executive officer or ranking elected official.
All reports required by the permit and other information requested by the Permit Issuing
Authority shall be signed -by a person described above or by a duly authorized
representative of that person. A person is a duly authorized representative only if:
(1) The authorization is made in writing by a person described above:
(2) The authorization specified either an individual or a position having responsibility for
the overall operation of the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of plant
manager, operator of a well or well field, superintendent, a position of equivalent
responsibility, or an individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized representative may thus be
either a named individual or any individual occupying a named position.); and
(3) The written authorizadon is submitted to the Permit Issuing Authority.

Pan II
Page 7 of 14
c. Certification. Any person signing a document under paragraphs a. or b, of this section
shall make the following certification:
"I certify, under penalty of law; that.this document and all attachments were prepared under
my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate the -information submitted. Based on my inquiry of
the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for
gathering the in the information submitted is, to the best of'my knowledge and
belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware -that there are significant penalties for
submitting false information, including the possibility of fines and imprisonment for
knowing violations."
This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated. for cause. The filing of a
request by the permittee for a permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination,,
or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not stay any permit
condition.
The issuance of this permit does not prohibit the permit. issuing authority from reopening and
modifying the permit; revoking and reissuing the permit, or terminating the permit, as allowed
by the laws, rules, and regulations contained in Title 40; Code of Federal Regulations, Parts
122 and 123; Title 15A of the Notch Carolina Administrative Code, Subchapter'2H .0100; and
North Carolina General Statute 143-215.1'et.'al.
14. Previous Permits
All previous National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits issued to this facility,
whether for operation car discharge, are hereby revoked by issuance of this. permit. [The
exclusive authority to operate this facility arises under this permitThe authority to operate the
facility under previously issued permits, bearing this number is no -longer effective. ] The
conditions, requirements, terms, and provisions of this permit authorizing discharge under the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System govem discharges from this facility.
Pursuant to Chapter 90A- 44 of North Carolina General Statutes, and upon classificaion of the
facility by the Certification Commission, the permittee shall employ a certified wastewater
treatment plant operator in responsible charge (ORC) of the wastewater treatment facilities.
Such operator must hold a :ertification.of the grade equivalent to or greater than the
classification assigned to the wastewater treatment facilities by the Certification Commission.
The per -mince must also employ a certified back-up operator of the appropriate type and any
grade to comply with the cony don: of Title 15A, Chapter 8A .0202. The ORC-of the facility
must visit each Class I facility at least weekly and each C1ass.II, III, and IV facility at least
daily, excluding weekends and holidays, and must properly manage and document daily
operation and maintenance of the facility and must comply with all other conditions of Title
15A, Chapter 8A .0.202. Once the facility is classified, the permittee shall submit a letter to the
Certification Commission which designates the operator in responsible charge within thirty
days after the waste1A'Me1 treatment facilides are 5051c complete.

Pan II
Page 8 of 14.
The permittee shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of
treatment and control (and related appurtenances). which are installed or used by the permittee to
achieve compliance with the conditions of this permit. Proper operation and maintenance also
includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. This
provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary facilides or similar systems which are
installed by a permittee only when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit.
It shall not be a defense for a permittee in aii enforcement action that it would have been
necessary to halt oi• reduce the permitted activity in order to :naintain compliance with the
condition of this permit.
4. Bypassing of Treatment Facilities
a: Definidons
(1) "Bypass" means the known diversion of waste streams from any portion of a tmament
facility including the collection system, which is not a designed or established or
operating mode for the facility.
(2) "Severe property damage" mcans substantial physical damage to property, damage to
the treatment facilities which causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and
permanent loss of natural resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the
absence of a by-pass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by
delays in production.
b. Bypass not exceeding limitations.
The permittee may allow any bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to
be exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation:
These bypasses are not subject to the provisions of Paragraphs c. and d. of this section.
c. Notice
(1) Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of the need for 'a bypass, it
shall submit prior notice, if possible at least ten days before the date of the bypass;
including an evaluation of the andcipamd quality and affect of the bypass:.
(2) Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as
required in Pan II, E. 6. of this permit. (24 hour notice).
d. Prohibidon of Bypass
p) Bypass is prohibited and the Permit Issuing Authority may take enforcement action
, against a permittee for bypass., unless,
(A) Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property
damage;
(B) There were no feasible alternati�,es to the b}'pass, such as the use of auxiliary
treatment facilities, retention of untreated wastes or maintenance during normal

Part II
Page 9 of 14
periods of equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate backup
equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering
judgment to prevent a bypass which occurred during normal periods of equipment,
downtime or preventive maintenance; and
(C) The permitt.ee submitted notices as required under Paragraph c. of this section.
(2) The Permit Issuing Authority may approve an anticipated bypass, after considering its
adverse affects, if the Permit Issuing Authority determines that it will meet the three
condidons listed above in Paragraph d. (1) of this section.
5. upsets -
a. Definition.
"Upset " means an exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary
noncompliance ° with technology based permit effluent limitations because of factors
beyond the reasonable control of the permit=. An upset. does not include noncompliance.
to the extent caused by operational error, improperly. designed treatment facilities,.
inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or improper
operation.
b. Effect of an upset.
An upset constitutes an affirmative defense to an action brought for noncompliance with
such technology based permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph c. of this
condition are met. No determinationmadeduring administradve review of claims that
noncompliance was caused by upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final
admirdstrad.ve action subject to judicial review..
Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset.
A permittee who wishes to establish the affirmadve defense of.upset shall demonstrate,
through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that:
(1) An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the causes) of the upset;
(2) The permirtee facility- was at the time being properly operated; and .
(3) The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required in Pan II, E. 6. (b) (B) of this
permit.
(4) The permittee complied with any remedial measures required under Pan II, B: 2. of this
permit.
d. Burden of proof.
In any enforcement.procee;iing the permirtee seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset
has the burden of proof.
NOMWORMT19=9(.,.
Solids, sludges, filter backwash, or other pollutants removed in the course of treatment or
control of wastewaters shall be unlized/disposed, of in accordance with NCGS 143-215.1 and in
a manner such as to pr vent any pollut2nt from such materials from entering waters of the State
or navigable waters of the United States. The permittee shall comply with all existing federal

Pan 1I
Page 10 of 1.4
regulations governing the disposal of sewage sludge. Upon promulgation of 40 CFR Pan 503,
any permit issued by the Permit Issuing Authority for the t Uzadon/disposal of sludge may be
reopened and, modified, or revoked and reissued, to incorporate applicable requirements at 40
CFR Part 503. The permittez shall comply with applicable 40 CFR Pan 503 Standards for the
Use and Disposal. of Sewage Sludge (when promulgated) within the time provided in the
regulation, even if the. permit is not modified to incorporate the requirement. The permittee
shall nodfy the Permit Issuing'Authoriry of any significant change in its sludge use or disposal
pracdces.
The permitte.e is responsible for maintaining adequate safeguards as- required by DEM
Regulation, Title 15A, North Carolina Administradve Code, Subchapter 2H, .0124 Reliability,
to prevent the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated wastes during electrical power
failures either by means of alternate power sources, standby generators or retention of
inadequately treated effluent.
SECTION D. MONTI'ORINC AND RECORDS
1. Representative Same
Samples collected and measurements taken, as required herein, shall be characteristic of the
volume and nature of the permitted discharge. Samples collected at a frequency less than daily
shall be taken on a day and time that is characteristic of the discharge over the entire period
which the sample represents. All samples shall be taken at the monitoring points specified in
this permit and, unless otherwise specified,'before the effluent joins or is diluted by any other
wastestream, body of water, or substance. Monitoring points shall not be changed without
notification to and the approval of the Permit Issuing Authority.
2 R elm g
Monitoring results obtained during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month
and reported on a monthly Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Form (DEM No. MR 1, 1.1, 2,
3) or alternative forms approved by'the Director, DEM, postmarked no later than the 30th day
following the completed reporting period
The first DMR is due on the last day of the month following the issuance of the permit or in the
case of a new facility, on the last day of the month following the commencement of discharge.
Duplicate signed copies of these-, and all other reports required herein, shall be submitted to the
following address:
Division of Environmental Management
Water Quality Secdon
ATTENTION:. Central Files
Post Office Box 29535
Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535
=2%Miu M n
Appropriate flow measurement devices and methods consistent with accepted scientific
practices shall be selected and used to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measurements of
the volume of monitored discharges. The devices shall be installed, calibrated and maintained
to ensure that the accuracy of the measurements are consistent with the accepted capability of
that type of device. Devices selected shall be capable of measuring .flows with a maximum
deviation of less than + 10% from the true discharge rates throughout the range of expected

Pan II
Page I 1 of 14
discharge volumes. Once -through condenser cooling water flow which is monitored by pump
logs, or pump hour meters as specified in Part I of this permit and based on the manufacturer's
pump curves shall not be subject to this requirement.
Sty -74141141
Test procedures for the analysis of pollutants shall conform to the EMC regulations published
pursuant to NCGS 143-215.63 et. seq, the Water and Air Quality Reporting Acts, and to
regulations published pursuant to Section 304(g), 33 USC 1314, of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, as Amended, and Regulation 40 CFR 136; or in the case of sludge use or
disposal, approved under 40 CFR 136, unless otherwise specified in 40 CFR 503, unless
other test procedures have been specified in this permit_
To meet the intent of the monitoring required by this permit, all test procedures must produce
minimum detection and reporting levels that are below the permit discharge requirements and
all data generated must be reported down to the minimum detection or lower reporting level of
the procedure. If no approved' methods are determined capable of achieving minimum
detection and reporting levels below permit discharge requirements, then the most sensitive
(method with the lowest possible detection and reporting level) approved method must be used.
UMMURMY •
The Clean Water Act provides that any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate, any monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this
permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or
by imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both. If a conviction of a
person is for a violation committed after a first conviction of such person under this paragraph,
punishment is a fine of not more than $20,000 per day of violation, or by imprisonment of not
more than 4 years, or both.
6. Records Retention
Except for records of monitoring inf �rmation required by this permit mlated to the permittec's
sewage sludge use and disposal acti pities, which shall be retained for a period of at least five
years (or longer ,as required by 40 CFR 503), the permittee shall retain records of all
monitoring information, including all calibradon and maintenance records and all original strip
chart recordings for continuous monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by
this permit, for a period of at least 3 years from the date of the sample, measurement, report
or application. This period may be extended by request of the Director at any time.
7. Recording Results
For each' measurement or sample taken pursuant to the requirements of this permit, -the
perminee sh !.1 record the following information:
a. The date. exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
b. The indi%idual(s) who performed the sampling or measurements;
c. The date(s) analyses were performed;
d The ind.Mdual(s) who performed the analyses;
e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
f The results of such analyses.

Pan II
Page 12 of 14
8. Insnecdon and Entry
The permittee shall allow the Director, or an authorized representative (including an authorized
contractor acting as a representative of the Director), upon the presentadon of credentials and
other documents as may be required by law, to;
a. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or activity is located or
conducted, or where records must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
b. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that must be kept under the
conditions of this permit;
c. inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including monitoring and control
equipment), practices, or operations regulated or required under this permit; and
d. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purposes of assuring permit compliance or
as otherwise authorized by the Clean Water Act, any substances or parameters at any
location.
SECTION E. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
1. Change in Discharge
All discharges authorized herein shall. be consistent with the terms and conditions of this
permit. The discharge of any pollutant identified In this permit more frequently than or at a
level in excess of that authorized shall constitute a violation of the permit.
2. Planned Changes
The permittee shall give notice to the Director as soon as possible of any planned physical
alterations or additions to the permitted facility. Notice is requimd only when:
a. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one of the criteria for determining
whether a facility is a new source in 40 CFR Part 122.29 (b); or
b. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature or increase the quantity of
pollutants discharged. This notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to
effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification requirements under 40 CFR Part 122.42,
(a) (1).
c. The alteration or addition results in a significant change in the permittee's sludge use or
disposal practices, and such alternation, addition or change may justify the application of
permit conditions that are different from or absent in the existing permit, including
notification of additional use or disposal sites not reported during the permit application
process or not reported pursuant to an approved land application plan.
3. Anticipated Noncompliance
The permittce shall give advance notice to the Director of any planned changes in the permitted
facility or activity which may result in noncompliance with permit requirements. .

Pan II
Page 13 of 14
4• Transfers
This permit is not transferable to any person except after notice to the Director. The Director
may require modification or revocation and reissuance of the permittee and incorporate such
other requirements as may be necessary under the Clean Water Act.
Monitoring results shall be reported at the intervals spec ified,elsewhere in this permit.
a. Monitoring results must be reported on a Discharge Monitoring. Report (DMR) (See Pan U.
D. 2 of this permit) or forms provided by. the Director for reporting results of monitoring of
sludge -use or disposal practices.
b. If the permittee monitors any pollutant more frequently than required by the permit, using
test procedures -specified in Pan II, D. 4. of this permit or in th'e case. of sludge use or
disposal, approved under 40 CFR 503, or as specified in this permit, the results of this
monitoring shall be included in the calculation and reporting of the data submitted in the
D MR.
c. Calculations for all limitations which require averaging of measurements shall utilize an
arithmetic mean unless otherwise -specified by the Director in the permit.
The permittee shall report, to the central office or the appropriate regional office any
noncompliance. which may, endanger health or the environment. Any information shall be
provided orally within 24 hours from the time the permittee became- aware of the
circumstances. A written submission shall also be provided within 5 days of the time the
permittee becorries aware of the circumstances. The written submission shall contain a
description of the noncompliance, and its cause; the period of noncompliance, -including
exact dates and times, and if the noncompliance has not been corrected, the anticipated time
it is expected to continue; and steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent
reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
b. The following shall be included as information which must be reported within 24 hours
under this paragraph:,
(1) Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any effluent Limitation in the permit.
(2) Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the permit.
(3) Violation of a,maximum daily discharge limitation for any of the pollutants listed by the
Direcior.in the permit to be reported within 24 hours.
c. The Director may waive the written report .on a case -by -case basis- for reports under
paraT-mph b. above of this condition if the oral report has been received within 24 hours.
7. Other Noncompliance
The permictee, shall report 1 ir.-mnces of noncompliance not reponzd under Pan 0. E. 5 and 6.
of this -permit at the time -,or,_orin,_ reports are submitted. reports shall contain the
information listed in Part i1 E. 6. of this permit.

Part 11
Page 14 ,of 14
." 8. aher Inform atioh•
Where. the .permiuee becomes aware that- it, failed .to'sub'mit any relevant facts -in -a permir
application, or submitted incorrect information in a permit application or.in any report to the.
Director, it shallpiomptly submit such feels or information.
on.
Noncompliance Notification
The--erinin=-shall upon bytelephone to either the central office'or ctie appropriate regional
office of the Division'as soon as -possible; but in no case more than 24 hours or on the next
working day.:following the occurrence or"first-knowledge of the occurrence of any, of the
following: _
a. Any occurrence at the ,wafer 'pollution control facility which' results in the discharge of
significant amounts ofwastes which a e abnormal in. quantity or characterisdc,, such as the
dumping of. the contents of.a sludge digester; the known passage'of a slug -of hazardous
substance through the: facility; -or any other unusual circumstances..
b. A,ny process unit failure, due- to known or unknown :reasons,,.that render the facility
incapable of,.adequate wastewater treatment such.as. mechanical or elertric•al failures of
pumps, aerators, compressors, etc =
C. Any failure. of.a:pumping station, sewer, line;_ or t eatment'facility resulting -in a by-pass .'
directly to receiving waters without treatment of all or any portion, of tht`;influent to such
station or facility.
Persons "reporting suchoccurrences-by,telephone.shall also file a-wniteoreport in letter form
within S days following first knowledge of the occurtt.nce. ;
10..Avajabiliry of Reports..
Except for data,dete'rmined to be confidential under NCGS 143-215.3(a)(2)'or Section'308 of
-the Fedeial-Act, -33 USC 1318, all reports prepared in accordance �with. the terms shall be
available for public inspection at the' offices of the Pivision of Environmental Management" As
required by the Act, effluent data shall not be;considered confidential. Knowingly making any. .
false.statemeni on any such -report may result in the imposidon of criminal. penalties, as provided
for in NCGS 143-215.1(b)(2) oi:in Section-3;09:of:thc Fedeial Act:
.1 l: Penalties for Falsification of RepQns
The Clean, Water Act provides that. any person -who knowingly makes any false statement,`
representation, or' certification, in any record or other.-documen_ t submitted or required to.be ,
maintained under this permit;,including. monitoring reports or-reportsof. comp Ii"ance or
noncompliance shall, upon conviction, -'be' punished by a fine of ;nor,more than S10.000 per
"violation; or by.`imprisonment for not more than two years per violation; or by both

PART III..:
O „ -OTHE
R I2EQUIR:EMENTS
A. Construction
No construction of wastewater tmatrnent facilities or.addidons to add .to the plant'
s aeatm'cnt
capacityor to change the vfpc of prnces.s utilized at the treatment- plant shall be begun until
Final Plans- and Specifications have -been . submitied to the :Div.ision of"Environmental .
Management and written approval and,. Authorization to Construct has been"issued.
Grob dwatei Monitoring
.The permittee shall,''upon written notice, from the Director of the Division',of Environmental`
Management,- conduct groundwater monitoring as. may be required to ,determine; the
compliancc of this h'PDF..S permitted facility with the. current groundwater standards.
,, C .C'hanges in Discharges of ToxicS�ihstances - -
..The permittee_ shall notify the'Permit Issuing Authority.as soon as -it knows. or has reason to
believe:
a'.That any. ,activity has occurred, or will .occur, which would result in_ the. discharge, on, a_ '
routine or frequent, basis, of any toxic pollutant which is -not limited in the permit= if..that
discharge will exceed the highest of the following notification levels
(1) One hundred micrograms per liter (100 ug/1),
(2)Tw o hundred micrograms per' litef '(200 .t gh) for acrolein and acrylonitrile, five
hundred microgr4rns per -liter. (500 ug/1) for 2,4=dinitrophenol, and for 2-methy
di
nitrophenol; and one milligram per liter, (1 mg/1); for. antimony;
(3) Five (5).-times the rn'aximum concentranon value'reporzed for that .pollutant. in the-.
permit application.
b.That any activity -has occurred, or -will occur- :which, would result. in any disciarge,.on-a
.-.non-routine or infrequent basis, of -a° toxic�pollutantwhich is 'not limited in, the permit, if
that_: discharge will.exceed the highest of the following-"norification levels,"
(1)..Fie :hunched micrograms per liter. (500 ugA
(2) One -milligram per liter: (1 rngA) for an iinony;
43) Ten,(10).times the ma-rimum concentration value reported for that pollutant in'the .
permit;application.
P. Reautrcrrient in continually Evaluate Alternadyes to Wastewater Discharges
The perm'itt:ee shall continually evaluate all wastewater disposal alternarives and pursue the
mo t environmentally sound aliernauve; of the reasonably cost effective -alternatives-. If the
faciltt� is in'substanrial non-compliance with the Germs and conditions of the. NPDES permit
or,g"overning rules, regulations-or'laws, the permittee shall subrhit a report.in such .form and .
detail :as required by the,I�.�Js� ii; evaluaiing these: alternati.�es a id a.plan of;acti'on. wiihin.
sixty �E�O�,da. S cif notifr�anon b' 01 :: Di'vision

PART IV
ANNUAL ADMINIS-TERING AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING FEE REQUIREMENTS
A. The permittec must pay the annual administering and compliance monitoring fee within 30
(thirty) days after being billed by the Division. Failure to pay the fee in a timely manner in
accordance with 15A NCAC 2H :0105(b)(4) may cause this Division to initiate. action to-
rtvoke the permit.
300 copies'of this public document were printed at a cost of
$83.13 or $.28 each.

SOC EMC WO NO. 94-13 Adl

State of North Carolina
Department of Environment,
Health and Natural Resources
Division of Water Quality
James B. Hunt, Jr,, Governor
Jonathan B. Howes, Secretary
A. Preston Howard, Jr., P.E., Director
DECEMBER 18, 1996
Harry Don Bull
Operations Manager
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina,.Inc.
P.O. Box 339
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina 28357
Subject: -Special Order by Consent
EMC SOC WQ 94-13 AdI
Robeson County
NPDES Permit NC0040185
Dear Mr. Bull:
Attached for your records is a copy of the signed Special Order by Consent approved by the
Environmental Management Commission. .
The terms.and conditions of the Order are in full effect, and you are reminded that all final
permit limits contained in the permits must' be met ex•eept those modified by the conditions of the
Order.
If -you have questions concerning this rnattdr, please contact Mike Lewandowski at (9.19)7337
5083 ext. 530.
Sinc rely,
res on oward, Jr. P. E.
Attachment
cc: Fayetteville Regional Office
Mike Hom, EPA
Jimmie Overton
Robert Farmer
SOC Files
Central Files
P.O. Box 29535, Raleigh, North Carolina 27626-0535 Telephone [phone] FAX [phone]
An Equal Opportunity Affirmative Action Employer 50%.recycled/ 10% post consumer paper

NORTH CAROLINA
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COMI�USSION
COUNTY OF Robeson
IN THE MATTER OF )
NORTH CAROLINA )
NPDES PERMIT )
NUMBER NCO040185 )
HELD BY MOUNTAIRE )
FARMS OF )
NORTH CAROLINA, INC. )
SPECIAL ORDER BY CONSENT
EMC SOC WQ 94-13 AdI
Pursuant to provisions of North Carolina General Statute (G.S) 143-215.2, this Special Order by Consent
is entered into by Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc., hereinafter referred to as the COMPANY,
and the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission, an agency of the State of North
Carolina created by G.S. 143B-282, and hereinafter referred to as the Commission:
1. The COMPANY and the Commission hereby stipulate the following
(a) That the Company holds North Carolina NPDES Permit No. NCO040185 for operation
of an existing underdrain system from a spray irrigation nondischarge wastewater
treatment system and for making an outlet therefrom for treated wastewater into Big
Marsh Swamp, Class "C-Swp" waters of this State in the Lumber River Basin, but is
unable to comply with the final effluent limitations for ammonia nitrogen and oil and
grease, set forth in NPDES Permit NC0040185.' Compliance will require continued
intensive maintenance, improved pretreatment, possible new land area for the existing
Land App I ication/S pray Irrigation Facility (Permit No. WQ0000484) operated by the
COMPANY, and elimination of 2 NPDES outfalls by intercepting the flow and pumping
to permitted infiltration basins.
(b) That noncompliance with final effluent limitations constitutes causing and contributing
to pollution of the waters of this State named above, and the COMPANY is within the
jurisdiction of the Commission as set forth in G.S. Chapter 143, Article 21.
(c) That the COMPANY has secured or has financing for planning and construction of
treatment works which, when constructed and operated, will be sufficient to adequately
treat the wastewater with no discharge to the State's surface waters.
(d) Since this Special Order is by Consent, neither party will file a petition for a contested
case or for judicial review concerning its terms. ,

Special Order by Consent
Page 3
3. The COMPANY agrees that unless excused under paragraph four (4), the Company will pay the
Director of DWQ, by check payable to the North Carolina Department of Environment, Health
and Natural Resources, according to the following schedule for failure to meet the deadlines set
out in paragraphs 2(b) and 2(d), or failure to attain' compliance with the effluent
limitations/monitoring requirements contained in Attachments A and B.
Failure to meet a schedule date.
Failure to maintain compliance with
any modified limit contained in the SOC.
Failure to achieve compliance with
final effluent limits at expiration.
Failure to submit progress reports.
Monitoring frequency violations
$100/day for.the first 7 days; $500/day
thereafter
$1000%violation
$2000
$50/day for the first 7 days; $250/day thereafter
$100 per omitted value per parameter
4., The COMPANY and the COMMISSION agree that the stipulated penalties are not due if the
COMPANY satisfies the' Division of Water Quality that noncompliance was caused solely by:
a. An act of God;
b. An act'of war;
C. An intentional act or omission of a third party but this, defense shall not be available'if
the act or omission is that of an employee or agent of the defendant or if the act or
omission occurs in connection with a contractual relationship with the Per-mittee;
d. An extraordinary event beyond the Permittee's control. Contractor delays or failure to
obtain funding will not be considered as events beyond the Permittee's control; or
C. Any combination of the above causes.
Failure within thirty (30) days of receipt of written demand to pay the penalties, or challenge
them by. a contested case petition pursuant to G.S. 150B=23,.wi11 be grounds for a -collection
action against the COMPANY, which the Attorney General is hereby authorized to initiate. The
only issue in such an action will be whether the thirty (30) days has elapsed.
5. Noncompliance with the terms of this Special Order by.Consent is subject to enforcement action
in addition to the above stipulations, including injunctive relief pursuant to G.S. 143=215.6.(c).

Special Order by Consent
"age 4
6.. This Special Order by Consent and any terms, conditions, and interim effluent limitations
contained herein, hereby supersede any and all previous Special Orders, Enforcement
Compliance Schedule Letters, terms; conditions, and limitations contained therein issued in
connection with NPDES Permit No. NC0040185.
7. The Permittee, upon signature of this Special Order by Consent, will be expected to comply with
all schedule dates, terms, and conditions of this document.
8. This Special Order by Consent shall expire on June 1. 1998.
For Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Title of Signing Official
w� Date
Signature of igning Official
%D'?''%6
For the North o ina Env' onment 1 Management Commission
Date CZ
�/ hairman of the Commission

ATTACHMENT A.
NEP -KMIT N N
.0040185
A(1). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS .
During the period beginning or .the effective date,oCihis Special Order by Consent'and lasting until March 1,.1998, the permittee is authorized to discharge from
otitfall(s)'scrial;.number001'•., Such discharges shall be limited and monitored by the permitiee
as'specified below:
Effluent Characteristics is harge Limitations
MonitoringM.cilNireR,cnt�
Other Units (Specify)Measurement
Sample.
!
Monthly Ave. a
D-mily Avg.
'Erequgnc
Location
Flow • .
BOD, 5-Day, 200C. S.0 mg.1 _• 7.5 mg/!.
-Weekly
2/Month
Instantaneous "
Grab
" E
NH3 as N' 20.0 'mg/1
2/Month
Grab
E
E
Dissolved Oxygen •••.
Total Suspended Residue",30.0111 45.0 mg/l
Weekly-
2/Month
Grab
E, U' p
Oil and Grease 10.0 ing/l 15.0 mg/l,
2/Month
Grab
Grab
E
E
Settleable Solids 0.1 ml/I . " 0,2 ml/I ,
2/Month
Grab, J
"
E
Temperature
Conductivity
Weekly
Grab
-
E. U. D .
Total Nitrogen (NO2 + NO3 + TKN)
Weekly'
Quarterly
Grab
U. D
Total Phosphorus
uarterl
. , Q Y ..
Grab
Grab
E
E
*Sample locations E = Effluent; I Influent, U.=Upstream, above discharge poutt._D -Downstream 1.8 miles below discharge at NCSR 1750...
.
**Discharge 001 is the wastewater from the underdrain system serving spray irrigation Field C.
`•'The daily average dissolved oxygen effluent concentration shall not be less than 2.0 mg/L.
The pH shall not be less than 5.0 standard units'not greater than 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored weekly at the effluent by grab sample.
There shall be no, discharge of floating solids or.visible foam in other than trace amounts.; .

ATTACHMENT B
NPDES
PCRMIT NO NCO040185
A(1). EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
During the period beginning on the effective date of this Special Order by Consent and lasting
outfall(s) serial number 002". Such discharges shall be limited and
until March 1, 1998, the permittee is authorized to discharge
from
monitored by the pcnuittee
as specified below:
Effluent Charactcristics
Discharge I im_ itation>
Monitoring
R.quirements
Other Units (Sifv)
Monthly Ave a' v
Measurement
iien
Sample
,
TYRELocation
Flow
BOD, 5-Day, 20°C
.
50 mg.l 7.5 m /1
Weekly
Instantaneous
E
NH, as N.
g
20.0 mg/I-
2/Month
Grab
E
Dissolved Oxygen ••*
.
2/Month
Grab
E
Total Suspended Residue
30.0 mg/1 �45.0 m/I
g
Weekly
2/Month.
Grab
E, U. D
Oil and Grease
Settleable Solids
10.0 mg/1 15.0 mg/l
2/Month'
Grab -
Gcab
E
E
Temperature
0.1 rnl/l 0.2 mUl
h
Grab..
E
Conductivity
Weekl
Weekly
Grab
E, U. D
Total Nitrogen (NO2 + NO3 + TKN)
Weekly
Grab
U, D
Total Phosphorus
Quarterly
Grab
E
Quarterly
Grab
E
'Sample locations: E — Effluent, I = Influent, U = Upstream above discharge point, D = Downstream 1.8 miles below discharge at NCSR 1750.
"Discharge 002 is the wastewater from the underdrain system serving spray irrigation Field F.
'•'The daily average dissolved oxygen effluent concentration shall not be less than 2.0 mg/l.
The PH shall not be less than 5.0 standard units nor greater than 9.0 standard units and shall be monitored weekly at the effluent by grab sample.
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace amounts.
s

MOUNTAIRE FARMS INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA
DESIGN REPORT
WASTEWATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS'
NOVEMBER 14, 1997
om
gmi• CABE ASSOCIATES, INC.
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
144 S. GOVERNORS AVENUE
P.O. BOX 877
DOVER, DELAWARE 19903-0877
302-674-9280

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
III. Design Report
Introduction
Treatment Systems
Wastewater Characteristics
Spray Fields
Water Balance and Hydraulic Loading
Organic and Salts Loading
Agronomy Report/Nutrient Management
Groundwater
Buffers and Well Protection
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1
Exhibit 2
Exhibit 3
Exhibit 4
Exhibit 5
Exhibit 6
ATTACHMENTS
Location Map
Process Flow Diagram
Spray Irrigation Fields
Water Balance
Water Balance Revised for 250 Acres
Groundwater Flow
Attachment A Request for Quotations - Aerated Storage Lagoon
Attachment B Site Evaluation Report - Dennis J. Osborne
Attachment C Soil Scientist Report - Dennis J. Osborne
Attachment D Agronomy Report - Dennis J. Osborne

III. DESIGN REPORT
Introduction
Mountaire Farms Inc: (Mountaire) operates a poultry processing facility near Lumber
Bridge in Robeson County; North Carolina. A location map is,provided as Exhibit III-1.
The facility was acquired by Mountaire on March 1, 1996 from Piedmont Poultry'
Processing Inc.
The existing treatment system consists of a grease trap followed.by two :anaerobic lagoons
and one facultative lagoon -and land application using slow rate spray irrigation systems.
Currently there are seven '(7) spray fields covering a total of 152 acres of the 411 acre
property. Seven day average flow from the plant is '0.56 MGD: Included in this flow are
10,000 GPD of sanitary flow. The sanitary flow is .treated in a,separate activated sludge
wastewater treatment plant, is disinfected and .then combined with the processing
wastewater. 'Construction of five (5) rapid infiltration basins began in October, 1997.
These basins will be used to treat effluent from underdrains that exist in two (2) of the
spray irrigation f elds, Fields C and. F. Spray irrigation and rapid infiltration is regulated ;
under Permit No. WQ0000484 issued in October 1997. The rapid infiltration basins,
when completed will eliminate two stream discharge points. The stream- discharge is
regulated under NPDES Permit No. NC004185. A special order by consent, EMC SOC
WQ 94-13 AdI, requires elimination of the point discharges on or before March 1, 1998.
The facility presently operates one kill shift and a cleanup shift. Mountaire plans to
double production at the plant by adding a second kill shift. The second shift will be
added over approximately 12 to 18 months in four steps depending upon market
conditions. This expansion of plant production will increase the flow of processing
wastewater to, 1.11 MGD. As part of this expansion, Mountaire will improve and replace
treatment elements of the existing system. New system components will include a
dissolved air flotation system with nitrogen removal reactor, a new aerobic storage lagoon,
r�
t III-1

a new spray irrigation pumping station and additional land application areas. A process
•flow diagram; is provided as Exhibit III-2.. 1Vlountaire is acquiring 280 acres, of land
adjacent to the existing facility for expansion of spray, irrigation capabilities. The new
. property `is currently being farmed.and consists of forested and cropped acreage.
This . report provides details on the design criteria, descriptions and procedures for
improvements to the wastewater. system including:
1. New mechanical treatment and treatment systems.
2. Wastewater characteristics.
3. Existing and new spray irrigation equipment: and pumping systems._
4. Water balance and hydraulic loading.
5. Agronomic practices and nutrient' loading. .
6. 'Organic and salts loading.
7. Groundwater and subsurface characteristics of the site and groundwater monitoring
plan.
8. Buffers and protection of water supplies.
Asite evaluation, field survey. of soils, and agronomy report were prepared by licensed
professionals. Detailed results -of these efforts are provided as separate reports and will
be,referred to throughout this document.
Treatment System
Processing wastewater from the facility. is discharged from the offal room to' a grease trap
that is frequently referred to as a' DAR This existing grease trap will be converted to a
flow. 'equalization basin and used as a .wet well for the feed ' forward pumps that. will
transmit the wastewater to the new treatment system. To convert the grease' trap, the
mechanism will be removed, the center divider wall removed and a concrete fillet poured
.in the bottom of the basin.. To prevent 'settlement , of suspended material, a submersible
pump with a discharge header will be installed to -circulate and mix the contents of the
basin. Three (3) Gorman Rupp Model T6A60B self -priming pumps will be installed .to
III-2

pump the wastewater to the treatment system. Two, (2) pumpswill. will be' -on-line. and the''.
third is a standby pump. Two -(2) eight inch diameter PVC SDR 26 force .mains will,
extend from the feed forward "pumping station to the new treatment building.,
High and -low level alarms;- will be provided in the flow equalization basin.. An alarm "
indication will also be. provided should a.pump fail to start. ,Initially, the, existing line
from the grease trap to the anaerobic lagoon' will remain in service and in the event a
high level occurs in the flow equalization basin, the wastewater will overflow to the
existing first, anaerobic lagoon.
A new treatment system will be constructed near Lagoon No. 3." The treatment system
Will, consist of,a,.D'AF with a nitrogen removal system. The DAF selected does not use
the traditional- chemicals, ferric chloride or acids used in a DAF. Typically ferric
chloride; some. other chemical- or sulfuric acid is used to flocculate the pollutants.
Polymer is then added ,and the -fats, .oils and greases coagulate .and float to the surface
where they are removed- from the DAF.: Use of these chemicals 'may expose .workers .to
safety hazards and can produce a float or sludge that is either difficult to render due to,
the chemicals .or that must be land applied.
The system selected by Mountaire is manufactured -by Sorin, Inc. The Sorin unit uses an.'
electrical charge produced by magnets to. orient the molecular structure of the wastewater,
and a polymer with an opposite charge, to produce the float material. - After the DAF, the
Sorin system incorporates,a second magnet to, orient or condition organic contaminants.
The, wastewater then enters an off -gassing chamber, 'a shallow serpentine .basin with
diffused air, to further reduce the nitrogen and soluble„BOD. The discharge ,from the off -
gassing uuit'then flows 'through a clarifier to remove any foam or scum that may have '
developed in'.' the off -gassing unit. A small portion of -the flow in the clarifier is
recirculated back to the DAF for pressurization.

Two (2) Sorin ,treatment units are being. provided, each capable of treating an average of .
. 600,'GPM. Each unit is hydraulically able. -to handle 800 GPM (1.15 MGD). 'Each unit
will, cycle - on and off in a- lead/lag fashion ' as the level in the flow equalization basin
varies. The Sorin system is automatically controlled by a programmable logic controller
' (PLC). Alarms are displayed on the, control panel and an indication is transmitted to the
office and- to an outside alarm light.
The new treatment building will be constructed of concrete. masonry unitswith a precast
concrete roof. In addition to the Sorin room, there will be separate rooms for chemicals, .
blowers, the motor control center and an officeAaboratory. The office/laboratory will be
constructed above the electrical and blower rooms: Windows will permit the operator to_
observe the Sorin treatment units, the aerated storage lagoon, the spray 'irrigation pumping
station and a portion of the spray irrigation f elds.
Drains and blowdowns associated with the Sorin'system, as well as floor drains in the
treatment building,. are returned to a drain pumping station. The existing catch basin in
the live -receiving area and a new catch basin located where the.float trailer will'be parked
are also connected to this new pumping station. The discharge from the drain pumping , ,
station will be, pumped to the secondary screen in I the offal room where it will be
screened, then.,flow back to'the new flow equalization tank, and be returned for additional
treatment.
Float from the new treatment' system will be removed from the DAF unit and conveyed .
to trucks parked outside the treatment building. The same renderer who removes feathers
and offal from the,facility will remove the float material: The float material will then be
rendered.
Discharge from the clarifier will enter a new 19.79 million gallon aerated storage lagoon:
The lagoon sizing calculations are provided in the water -balance elsewhere in this
document: The lagoon will,liave permanent storage of approximately 1,18 million gallons
III-4

to act as ballast on the liner and permit operation of aerators. The resulting net storage
volume is 18.61 million gallons. Four (4) 25 horsepower aerators will provide oxygen
and mixing to prevent the lagoon contents from becoming septic.
The lagoon will be constructed using.both on -site and off -site borrow materials. The .
interior and exterior slope will both be 3 to ,1 and a 10 feet wide roadway will be
provided around the top of the basin. The interior of the lagoon will be lined with a
synthetic 30 mil liner. The liner will be XR5 as manufactured by the ' Seaman
Corporation. A Request for Quotations wiIth detailed specifications for the earthworks and',
liner is provided as Attachment A.
Once the new aerated storage lagoon .is' completed the existing lagoons will no longer be
used. The first lagoon will serve, as an emergency overflow lagoon for the flow
equalization basin until final closure :of the lagoon'. The organic material in the three
lagoons will be allowed to, naturally digest and after becoming stabilized the lagoons will,
be'drained and -a final closure performed. During the stabilization phase; accumulated
storm water will be spray irrigated to maintain.a low level in the lagoons.
A new spray irrigation pumping station will be constructed on the berm of the new lagoon
near the new treatment building. Five lines will be extended from a sump in the lagoon.
Vertical pipes will serve as wet wells -for vertical turbine pumps. Initially, three pumps '
will be installed with up to five being utilized in the future.
Condition III 5 of the existing spray°:'irrigation permit requires the grease trap to be
cleaned quarterly. The grease trap is being converted to a flow equalization basin with
mechanical mixing and therefore this condition should be deleted.
III' 5

Wastewater Characteristics
The wastewater characteristics discharged from the offal room at Mountaire Farms Inc. 's
processing facility with the increased production are predicted to be as follows:
Average Flow (processing day)
1.56 MGD
Average Daily Flow (7-day average)
1.11 MGD
pH
6.8-7.5 mg/l
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
4000 mg/1
BOD Soluble
1000 mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand
3500 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids
2500 mg/l
Oil & Grease
1200 mg/l
Nitrogen, Ammonia NH3
20 mg/l
Nitrogen, Nitrate NO3-H
<.1 mg/l
Nitrogen, Nitrite NO2 -H
<.1 mg/1
Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, TKN
200 mg/l
Total Phosphorus
25 mg/1
The Sorin system is a relatively new technology. For this reason extensive pilot testing
has been performed to verify it's adaptability to treat wastewater at this facility. From
the pilot testing, design parameters were established as follows:
Design Value
Pilot Test
Results
pH
6.5-8.0 units
7.2 units
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
400 mg/l
263 mg/1
BOD Soluble
360 mg/1
187 mg/f
Chemical Oxygen Demand
2000 mg/l
510 mg/l
Total Suspended Solids
50 mg/1
17 mg/l
Total Solids
950 mg/1
950 mgl/l
Total Dissolved Solids
700 mg/1
700 mg/1
Oil & Grease
20 mg/l '
15.7 mg/1
Nitrogen, Ammonia, NH3
20 mg/1
13.7 mg/l
Nitrogen, Nitrate, NO3-N
0.1 mg/l
<0.1 mg/1
Nitrogen, Nitrite, NO2 N
0.1 mg/1
<0.01 mg/1
Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl, TKN
60 mg/l
59 mg/1
III-6

Specific Conductance
74 umhos
Arsenic, Total (AS)
0.005 mg/l
Boron, Total "
<0.050 mg/l
Cadmium, Total
. <0.001 mg/l ..
Calcium, ,Total
6.71-4 mg/l
Copper, Total
0.022 mg/1
Lead, Total
0.0011;mg/l
Magnesium, Total
3.732 mg/l
Nickel, Total
<0.005 mg/1
Potassium, Total " ,
48.02 mg/l
Sodium, Total
93.673 mg/l
Zinc, Total
15.80 mg/1
Total Phosphorus
0.138 mg/l
Chloride
127.9 mg/l
Sulfate
30.5 mg/I
*Actual operating values are expected to be lower with a full size unit and optimized
chemical feed.
Spray Fields
The irrigation field layout is Sheets
3,4,7,8 `9 the
current spray shown on
and of .attached
drawings. Existing fields comprise a total of 152 acres
and consist of the following fields
and acreage:
Field A 8.252
Field B 6.750
Field ,C 35.033
Field F 26.527
Field G 47.489
Field H 14:193
Field I 13.587
Total 151.830.
Fields G and H are equipped with center -pivot spray irrigation equipment. All other
fields are equipped with solid set systems using PVC-underground.mains. and metal risers
or aluminum • aboveground .pipes and risers.
_�
III-7 .

The permit for" Fields H and I was issued on August 29, 1997. Equipment and pipe
installation for. Field H was completed in -mid -October 1997 and Field I is expected to be
completed by 'the end of November 1997. As part of the construction of ,Field I, , the
southern pivot in Field G will be moved'approximately 85 feet south. This will permit
operation of the two pivots in Field G without overlapping the spans. The possibility, of
the; two spans, running into each other and damaging the equipment will be eliminated.
On the existing 'property there are several areas which were previously spray. f elds but
have become overgrown. These areas,could be converted to solid set spray, fields. They,
include Fields B1, 7.722 acres; Field D,.3.499 acres., Field Eat 4.698 acres is anew field
located adjacent to ' Field G' and the rapid infiltration basins. Their, small size - does - not.
I
reclude their inclusion in the spray irrigation program but their incorporation .is' not likely
to -be a high priority.
The new property purchased by Mountaire Farms Inc: totals about .280 acres north of the
existing property on both.sides of S.R. 1704. Based on results of the site evaluation and.
field surveys, new irrigation layouts were planned for the fields on the new property.
Equipment in- these fields will include both center pivot and- solid set irrigation. Irrigation
layouts are shown on .Sheets 3 through 6 of the drawings.
Spray. Field J is 58.215 acres. The equipment will include a Valley Model 8000 center
pivot'corner irrigation system. The main span is 640 feet long with a 268 foot corner arm
and end gun. Flow rate is 1000 GPM at 50 psi. Field K is' 9.715 acres and will be
equipped with a Valley Model 8000 298 feet long center pivot- with end gun.' Field L is .
24.189 acres and will be equipped also with a Valley Model 8000 527 feet long center
pivot with end gun. Flow rates for Field K and L will be 280 -GPM and 720 GPM at 50 ..
psi respectively. All center pivots use, 8 foot drop, spray heads and are equipped with,
programmable controllers.

Areas being sprayed on the new property that are not equipped with center pivot systems
are referred to as Field M. All parts of Field M are solid get systems with PVC
underground mains and risers. The use of solid'set systems allows Mountaire to make the
best use of irregular shaped fields. •Acreage in Field M totals 29.375 a�es-- he total
spray area available considering all existing and proposed spray fields i;�92 s 843' Gres.
A' summary of the spray field areas is provided as Exhibit III-3. The. new. areas, Fields
J, K; L and M, will be constructed as the facility expands its production: Field J and the
existing fields are large enough to dispose of the wastewater from the first two steps of `
the expansion:
Existing pumping -facilities consist of two 1;250 gpm vertical turbine' pumps. An
underground force main delivers water to -individual fields. Typically, because of headloss
in the existing piping, only one -pump is' used at a time. For the spray irrigation water
distribution systems plans, see Sheets 5 through 10..
Anew spray irrigation pumping facility will be constructed in conjunction •with the new
` aerated storage lagoon. This pumping facility will distribute water to all•irrigation fields..
and will ultimately consists, of, five 1,000 GPM - .vertical turbine pumps located on the top
of the aerated storage "lagoon berm with :intakes located at the base.. Depending upon the
fields being used, all five pumps can be used to deliver 5,000. gpm or 7.2 MGD.
Pumps will -discharge into -an 8 or 15 inch PVC force main that will 'tie'into -the existing
supply lines and extend to; the new, property. The force main to the new property will
terminate at. a. header system .located adjacent to Field L. ' Gates' valves located on the
header will allow individual flow control to Fields J- K, L and M' This area adjacent to
Field L will also serve as a central area -for the center pivot system controllers.
1II-9

Water Balance and Hydraulic Loading
The, hydraulic loading recommendations. and water, balance are based on the soils, local
climate, available storage, spray area, and wastewater. load. An analysis of existing site
and a soil scientist's report, were prepared by Dennis J. Osborne, Ph.D., and are provided
.as Attachments B and C. The wastewater system will be 1.11 MGD. The soils at this
site are primarily loamy sands, are considered to be well drained, and will tolerate a high
hydraulic loading. Soil borings indicates a seasonal high water table of 26 to 36 inches.
There are no restrictive horizons. Vertical permeability, of the unsaturated subsoils is
estimated to. be 0:2 to 6 inches per hour.
The allowable drainage is calculated to be 7.17 inches per month. This is based on an
irrigation cycle of 7 days which includes' 1/2.day of irrigation, 3.5 days drainage to field
capacity and saturation, and 3 days of re -aeration time. This cycle will allow the soil to
retain its natural permeability and maintain oxygen levels necessary for aerobic conditions.
Using the drainage capacity, wastewater load. and local climatic conditions, a water
balance was' created and is provided as Exhibit III-4. - The. water balance requires, a
minimum of 205 acres and storage of 31.9 million gallons.
Because Mountaire Farms has more land available for spray irrigation as detailed in the
spray fields section; the water balance was recomputed using a spray irrigation area of 250
acres. The .revised water balance is provided as Exhibit III-5. With the increased
acreage, the required storage volume is reduced to 7.746 million gallons.. As an -additional
factor of safety, the storage lagoon was sized to store one additional week of flow,
bringing the total storage volume to" 15.549 million gallons. To permit additional
operational flexibility, the lagoon has been sized to store 1-8.61 million gallons and
provides a total of 16+ days of storage.
Mountaire will have, more' land under irrigation- than the minimum required by the water
balance. The additional land will permit better management of the system. At certain
III-10

times of the year, approximately 40 acres under irrigation that can be removed from use.
` This unused area can be rotated throughout the year providing necessary down time for
equipment and field maintenance. The additional land will also reduce both the hydraulic
and nutrient loadings.
The water balance provides for irrigation of 78 inches per year or an average of 1.5
inches per week. Because of subsurface clay, irrigation rates should be limited to 0.75
inches per hour.
Organic and Salts Loading
Organic loading can become the limiting factor in spray application systems if hydraulic
loading prevents oxygen diffusion into soil pores. Maintaining aerobic soil conditions
insures proper decomposition rates, prevents odor problems and prevents soil sealing.
Based on the total expected oxygen demand of the applied wastewater, the oxygen
demand for waste decomposition can be calculated and compared to the available oxygen
based on soil porosity. For the wastewater expected at Mountaire, oxygen demand
applied is approximately 44,000 pounds per week, while the assimilation rate of soils,
based on hydraulic loading described earlier, is 1,800 pounds per acre per week.
Therefore, only 25 acres are required to meet the organic loading requirements. Since up
to 290 acres are available for irrigation organic loads will not be a limiting factor.
Highly saline wastes affect slow rate irrigation systems in one of two ways. First, high
salt concentrations can effect osmosis and thus plant water uptake. Second, specific ion
toxicity can result if sodium is highly concentrated as compared to other ions. The
sodium adsorption ratio for typical Mountaire wastewater is 10 which is in the acceptable
range for land application. The specific conductance, less than 250 umhos/cm is typical
of water with low salinity. In addition, coastal 'bermuda grass is salt tolerant. These
factors indicate that salinity will not be a problem at the Mountaire site.

Agronomy Report/Nutrient Management
Spray irrigation systems rely on a crop to assimilate the applied nutrients. The agronomy ,.
report in Attachment D suggests' that the coastal bermuda grass/rye grass combination
should do well at the , Mountaire site: : The --agronomy report, • describes practices that
Mountaire will follow to -insure success. . A .brief summary of the cropping system.
follows:
Fertilization Nitrogen will be', provided by wastewater application. The nutrients
potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) will also be available in the wastewater although they,
may need to be added. An N-P-K ratio of 4-1-3 should be maintained. This is equivalent
to P and K levels of 88 pounds per. acre and- 262 pounds per, acre respectively. A soil test
done at the beginning at the growing season will indicate the levels of P and K present..
If necessary, Mountaire will add P at the beginning of the growing season and apply one-
half of the K at the beginning of, the growing season. and. the second half at mid year.,
f - ` Typically, soil test reports, will make recommendations based on the crop being grown.
Lime will beadded,, as necessary and appropriate, before the. growing season to maintain
a, soil pH between 5:8 and 6.5. Again,' soil tests will be performed. to determine if lime
is: necessary.
Harvest Management =. The first cutting will be done when plants reach 15 inches and
then every 4 to 6 weeks. A 3 to 4 inch .growth will be left for over wintering, and will
not be removed until at least mid February.. A -burn will be conducted 3 to, 4 weeks'
before the dormancy period is ended.
Rye Grass Overseeding Rye grass 'will be overseeded to assimilate nitrogen during the
coastal bermuda grass dormant period.,, A.soif test.may be -done to determine additional
fertilizer requirements for the Rye grass.' 'Rye grass should be overseeded in the fall and .
cut and baled in the: spring before burning takes place.
•III-12

Nitrate Toxicity -. If hay is to be sold, it will be tested. for nitrate concentration. High -
nitrate .concentration can be toxic to animals. Feeding high levels of nitrates can result
in,reduced feed,consumptio. lowered production, abortions or death. A forage guide is
attached to the agronomy report that discusses nitrates in detail.
The plant available nitrogen (PAN) applied cannot exceed the amounts which can be used"
by the crop. The Bermuda/Rye Grass combination being used at the Mountaire site can
assimilate 350 lbs/acre/year or more,,which is adequate for the wastewater being applied.
This is demonstrated in the following, calculations:
N.C. DENHR Plant Available Nitrogen Calculation:
PAN = .0.2 (TKN-NH3)+0.5(NH3)+NO2+NO3
Assuming the, following wastewater characteristics:
Flow = 1.11 MGD
TKN = 60 mg/1
NH3 = 20 mg/1
NO3 = 1 mg/1
{ NO2 = ,1 mg/1
The PAN Concentration = 20 mg/1 or 166.8 lbs/mgal
Based on..a Flow of 1.1 MGD
PAN Loading is 185.1 lbs/day or 67,562 lbs/yr
Using the Bermuda/Rye grass cropping system 350.1b/ac/yr can be assimilated..
67,561 lbs/yr = 193 acres required
350 lb/ac/yr
The acreage required to assimilate the applied PAN at an assimilation rate of 350
lbs/acre/year is' 193 acres. Therefore, 'if the recommended agronomy procedures are
III713

followed, the nitrogen loading can be assimilated on the 290 acres of proposed spray
fields.
Groundwater
For the design of the rapid infiltration basin, a study of the geology of the area was
performed by G.N. Richardson and Associates of Raleigh, North Carolina. The North
Carolina Geologic Map indicates that this site is underlain by the cretaceous age Black
Creek formation, described as gray to black marine clay with thick lenses of cross -bedded
sand.
Aquifer slug testing performed on monitoring wells and piezometers placed throughout
the site indicate that hydraulic conductivity is from 0.18 feet per day to 21.18 feet per
day. The average across the site is 7.0 feet per day. Based on these same slug tests
transmissivity is estimated to be 350 sq. ft. per day.
Groundwater quality will be monitored with a well network around all spray fields. Sheet
4 of the drawings shows the location of existing and proposed monitoring wells. There
will be eight new wells that are both upgradient and downgradient of the new spray fields.
Six will be located on the new property and two will be on the existing site. One existing
well, MW 23 will be abandoned due to the relocation of Pivot G. Based on elevation
data derived from measurements from existing monitoring wells, groundwater flow is
generally toward the southeast, flowing to the Great Marsh Swamp. See Exhibit III-6.
The spray irrigation permit requires the monitoring wells to be sampled every April,
August, and December for the parameters listed below. New wells will be sampled at the
same frequency for the same parameters.
1. Ammonia Nitrogen
2. Chloride
III-14

3. Nitrates
S 4. pH
5. TDS
6. TOC
7. Fecal Coliform
8. Volatile Organic Compounds
9. Water Level
Water levels are recorded before collecting the sample for the above parameters.
Water Supply Wells and Buffers
There are no domestic water wells within 100 feet of existing or proposed spray fields.
With the exception of the existing permitted fields, the following buffer areas will be
maintained:
1. 400 feet between wetted area and any residence or places of public assembly under
separate ownership.
2. 150 feet between wetted area and property lines.
3. 100 feet between wetted area and wells.
4. 100 feet between wetted area and drainageways or surface water bodies.
5. 50 feet between wetted area and public right of ways.
6. 100 feet between wastewater treatment units and wells, and
7. 50 feet between wastewater treatment units and property lines.
III-15

EXHIBITS

SCALE : 1" = 2000'
� EXHIBIT
206-020
NOVEMBER, 1997 1
206C i

SPRAY IRRIGATION PUMPS
A - E
FLOATING AERATORS
A - D
SPRAY IRRIGATION
{ AERATED PUMPING STATION
i1 STORAGE LAGOON
- I I
FEED FORWARD 4FECMN
PUMPS
A. 6 & C DICESIER
SANITARY
WASTE
RAR
CLARIFIER
CELL SCREEN
ISHALL
EXISTING SANITARY WASTEWATER SYSTEM
' RECIRCULATIO
PUMP
.z
FLOW EQUALIZATION TO SECONDARY SCREEN
FEED. FORWARD IN OFFAL ROOM
' PUMPING STATION
POLYMER — — ._.I
TRANSFER r — - .
IELD SPRAY FIELD SPRAY FIELD
POLYMER .
FEED\F�--=\I/_- C�_�.
- COOAV nnn i
A A
SPRAY FIELD
. J
. S' DUL PVC SDR 26 .
IPVC SDR 26
i
i
.206-020
NOVEMBER, 1997
206C
SPRAY FIELD
G
PIVOT I
EXHIBIT
111 = 2

SPRAY IRRIGATION FIELDS
MOUNTAIRE
FARMS INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA
NOVEMBER 14, 1997
FLOW
GAL/WK
FIELD
EXISTING
PROPOSED. TOTAL
@ 1.5 INMEEK
A
8.252
8252
336,072
B
6.750
7.722 14.472
589,441
C
35.033
35.033
1,426,845,
D
3.499 3.499
142,493
E.
4.698'. 4.698
191,351,
F
26.527
26.527
1,080,412 .
"
G
47.489
47.489 -
1,934,144
H
14.193
14.193
578,061
1
13.587
13.587
553,367,
151,.830
15.9.191 167.749'
,}
J
58'.215 58.215
2,371,020.
K
9.715' 9.715
395,674
L
24.789 24.789
1,009,629-
M
29.375 29.375
1,196,382
0.000
122.094 122.094
4,972,705
TOTAL
151.830
138.013 289.8 3
11,804,891
FIELD
M IS MADEUP OF:
`
M 1
0.599
M2
3:804
M3
1.227
M4
. 5.517
M5
18.228
_-
-.TOTAL
29.375
EXHIBIT I11-3

WATER BALANCE
WITH PRODUCTION AT FULL DOUBLE SHIFT
WASTEWATER SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM
M.OUNTAIRE FARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA-
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5) (6) (7)
Delta Cumulative
ET
Drainage
Total Loss
PPT
Allow. Irr Storage Storage.
IN/MO
IN/MO
IN/MO
IN/MO
IN/MO IN/MO IN
Jan.
0.93
7.17
8.10
3.60
4.50 1.57 3.69
Feb.
1.40
7.17
8.57
3.71
4.86 1.21 4.90
March
- 2.17..
7.17
9.34
4.14
5.20 0.87 5.77
April
3.30
7.17
10.47
3.09
7.38 - (1.31) 4.46
May
4.34
7.17
11.51
3.66
.7.85_ (1.78) 2.68
June
4.80
7.17
11.97
4.76
7.21 (1.14) 1.54
July
4.65
7.17
11.82-
5.26
6.56-(0.49) 1.05
August
4.03
7.17
11.20
4.50
6.70 (0.63) 0.42
Septa
3.30
7.17
10.47
4.31
-6.16 (0.09) 0.33 _
Oct.
1.86
7.17
9.03
2.63
6.40 (0.33) 0.00
Nov.
1.20
7.17
8.3.7
'2.88
5.49 0.58 0.58
Dec.
0.62
7.17
7.79
3.26
4.53 1.54 2.12
Total
32.60
86.04
118.64 '
45.80
72.84
Ave. mo,
' 2.72
7.17
9.89
3.82
6.07
Ave. wk
1.40
Max
5.770
Minimum Required: Acreage:
�-
205.59 acres (15)
Maximum Storage
Required
with Minimum
Required Land 98.85 acre-ft = 32.21 MG
98.854
Birds processed per week
x Average Gallons per bird
Average Gallons per week
,H3 Average Gallons per day (7 day basis)
1,344,000 0.008977
5.75
7,798000. Includes 10,000 gpd sanitary
1,114:000 Includes 10;000 gpd sanitary

(1)
(2)
(3)-
(4)
ET
Drainage
Total Loss.
PPT
IN/MO
IN/MO
IN/MO
IN/MO
Jan.
0.93
7.17
8.10
3.60
Feb.
1.40
7.17
8.57
3.71
March
2.17
7.17
9.34
4.14
April
3.30
7.17
10.4.7
-3.09
May
4.34
7.17
11.51
3.66
June
4.80
7.17
11.97
4.76
July
4.65
7.17
11.82
5.26
August
4.03
7.17
11.20
4.50
Sept.
3.30
7.17
10.47
4.31
Oct.
1,86
7.17
9.03
2.63
Nov.
1.20
7.17
8.37
2.88-
Dec.
0.62
7.17
7.79
3.26
WATER BALANCE
WITH PRODUCTION AT FULL DOUBLE SHIFT (8 LINES)
WASTEWATER SPRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM
MOUNTAIRE FARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA, INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA
(5) (6)
Delta
Allow: irr Storage
IN/MO IN/MO
4.50
4.86
5.20
7.38
7.85
7.21
6.56
6.70
6.16
6.40
5.49
4.53
1.57.
1-:21
0.87
(1.31)
(1.78)
(1.14)
(0.49)
(0.63)
(0,09)
(0.33)
0.58
1.54
(7) - (8) (9) (10) (11)_ (12) (13) (14)
Cumulative Days in Monthly Min Area Available Delta Area Cumulative Cumulative
Storage _
Month
Flow
Required
Area
Needed . "
Area
Storage
IN
DAYS
MG '"
ACRES
ACRES
ACRES
ACRES
MG
3.69
31
34.534
282.635
250
32.685
63.40
7.746
4.90
28 -
31.192
236.373
250
(13.627)
49.77
6.568'.
5.77
31
34.534
244.588
250
(5.412)
44.36
6263 _
4.46
30
33.420
166.779
250
(83.221)
(38.86)
0.000
2.68
31
34.534
162.020
250
(87.980)
(126.84)
0.000
1.54
30
33.420
170.712
250
(79.288)
(206.13)
0.000
1.05
31
34.534
193.881
250'
(56.119)
(262.25)
0.000
0.42
31
34.534
189:830
250 -
(60.170)
(322.42)
0.000
0.33
30
33.420
199.810
250
(50.190)
(372.61)
0.000
0.00
31
34.534
198.728
250
(51.272)
(423.88)
0.000
0:58
30
33.420
224.195.
250.
(25.805)
0.00
0.000
2.12
31
34.534
280.763
250
30.763
30.76
3.784
Total 32:60 86.04 118.6445.80 72.84
Ave: mo. 2.72 7.17 9.89 3.82 6.07
Ave. wk 1.40
Max 5.770
Minimum Required Acreage: 205.'59 acres (15)
Maximum Storage Required with Minimum Required Land 98.85 acre-ft =
Recommended Storage Based on Availabel Land (Max plus one week of flow)
Birds processed per week
Average Gallons per.bird ,
Average Gallons per week
Average Gallons per day (7 day basis)
H
32.21 MG
1,344,000
5.75
7,798,000 Includes 10,000 gpd sanitary
1,114,000 Includes 10,000 gpd sanitary
7.746
15.544

-POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACES'
I l \
ROM
1 l•Ale
\ \ \ tOG t.•usm
\ fl9m2 .
EN ARCED AREA \ p
II IIt II
"'ten
We • IRs
tit
•\Vpif
l
'FIELD E
INO SCALE
206-020
NOVEMBER, 1.997
2O6C
J�
,Y I
•, • A. 111
LOC • Atm •
' tIL •1t611 \ 6
u
FIELD D
i � 11L
yll1
/ loC. 11
LAND APPLICATION
eWEVDUALS LAND APPLICADON
Nov.. 95 G DI0ACSIDUALS'
Nov. 95'
1,
I ' -\ I
& 1i2.1
l • 1441YYYYYY \ \
}
GROUNDWATER FLOW
EXHIBIT
III - - 6

ATTACHMENTS

REQUEST :FOR QUOTATIONS
1997 WASTEWATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS
_
AERATED. STORAGE LAGOON, CONTRACT G
.
FOR
MOUNTAIRE FARMS INC.
LUMBER BRIDGE, NORTH CAROLINA
-NOVEMBER 14, 1'997 ;
I. GENERAL:,
A
Mountaire Farris Inc. is requesting quotations from qualified"Bdders for.' furnishing all
materials; labor and ;services required for the construction oUan aerated storage lagoon,
a.spray irrigation ,pumping station and appurtenances depicted_ ,on the Drawings dated .
.
November 14' 1997 that are appended hereto,;.and include:,
Sheet Title
' Cover ,Sheet
Site Plan
Aerated, Storage Lagoon Earthworks,Plan
Aerated Storage Lagoon
Lagoon Sections and Details
Erosion and Sediment Control ' Plah and' Details,
Erosion,and.Sediment Control Plan and,Details ;
B.
A soil investigation report for,. the: site has been • prepared -by G.N. Richardson &
"
Associates. The report 'is provided as -an Appendix and is, not part of the Request for
Quotations. This '-report presents information 'and data -.obtained for purposes_ of
-
engineering and design of the lagoon. It, is provided :as an Appendix to this Request for
Quotations. in order to make the ;information readily available to -.Bidders. There is no
warranty,. expressed or implled,��°given to" Bidders by, Mountaire Farms Inc. CABE
'
Associates, Inc., ':or 'GA. Richardson & Associates regarding the :data or ,any
representation of the subsurface 'investigation report findings:or their adequacy to serve
the purpose; of the" Bidder. Bidders, should not rely solely on the information provided
Aherein, bb(should obtain whatever information they deem necessary for their purposes.
G.
It is the intent -of- these specifications to describe the complete, construction of the aerated - .
storage lagoon, spray irrigation pumping station and related work. Any item of work that_
may reasonably be inferred as being, required to produce the finished job for the intended
purposes shall be supplied at no additional'cost whether or not such .incidental or related
work .is, specifically called for herein., ;
D.
It is-- the Contractor's resporisibiiity':to perform all work in, accordance_ .with applicable ;
County, State and Federal codes that govern such work. .
E.
The Owner shall obtain from the North Carolina ,Department -of Environmentand Natural
Resources the construction permit and the erosion:and sediment control Permit. necessary
for the project. All *other permits, :fees, and tests "shall be, arranged, obtained and paid for
by the Contractor.
F.
The Contractor shall -.minimize .erosion .of the. disturbed construction areas and shall
prevent sediment from entering water courses, or areas` beyond the project site. The
CABE Associates, Inc. -1- Aerated Storage Lagoon

Contractor shall comply with all applicable Federal, State and local regulations pertaining
to sediment and erosion control.
G.
The Bidder is requested to provide, a Lump Sum Price Bid`for performing the work as
shown on the Drawings and as described in this,Request for Quotations. .
H.
The location of the project is near Lumber Bridge, North Carolina.
I.
The Bidder shall visit the job site to establish the specific and detailed requirements for
the project. Prior arrangements for visiting the job are to be made by contacting:
Mr. Robert Jackson
Mountaire Farms Inc.
PO Box 339
Lumber Bridge NC, 2.8357
910-843-5942
J.
Partial payment for the work completed will be made on a periodic basis within thirty (30)
days after the Owner receives an approved invoice. The Owner shall impose a 10%
retainage on all invoices prior to final payment. The Contractor may submit an. invoice for
final payment after the job is complete and accepted by the Owner. The approval and
payment schedule foe the final invoice shall be the same as for partial payment.
K.
The Bidder hereby agrees to commence work under this contract on or before a date to
be specified in a written "Notice to Proceed" by the Owner and to fully complete the
project within 180 calendar days.
L.
There may be other construction and maintenance activities by other contractors, utilities
and the Owner within the project boundaries: The Contractor will be required ,to
coordinate•,and cooperate with others- in the -aforementioned areas in carrying out the
work. .
M.
The Contractor shall submit six (6). copies of shop drawings for the .items listed below:
1. Liner'
2. Aerators,
3. Piping
4. Pumps
5. .
N.. •
, The Contractor shall conform to all insurance requirements as outlined in•.the enclosed.
Mountaire Farms Inc. The .Contractor's insurance coverage :'shall not be less than the
following limits:
1. General Liability- Bodily Injury - $500,000/$1,000,000
2. General Liability - Property Damage - $300,000/$500,000"
3. General Liability -.Personal Injury - $500,000
4. Automobile Liability - Bodily Injury - $300,000/$500,000
5. Automobile Liability - Property Damage - $300,000
6. Worker's Compensation and Employer's. Liability - Statutory/$100,000'
O..
The Contractor shall purchase and maintain property insurance upon the Project to the
full insurable value thereof.
CABE Associates, Inc. -2- Aerated Storage. Lagoon

P.
Certificates of required insurance .coverage shall be submitted by Contractor to the Owner
~
before commencement of work hereunder:, Certificates shall bear a certification that .the
coverage specified therein will not be amended, altered, modified, or cancelled without at
least ten (10) days written notice to Mountaire Farms Inc.
Q.
Mountaire Farms Inc. and CABE Associates, Inc. shall' be an additional insured under any. .
insurance required of the Contractor as respects negligent acts -or omissions of the
Contractor and with regard to Workmen's Compensation insurance, injuries to persons
employed by the Contractor who suffer injury 'or disease -arising out of the performance
of work.
R. ;
Contractor agrees to indemnify the Owner and.to save it -harmless against any and all _
loss, damages, claims, demands, and suits for personal injury or death or loss or damage
to property incurred in the course of or as a result of the work performed pursuant to the
Contract occurring after, including but not limited to, injury to or death of 'Contractor's
employees resulting from the negligence of the Owner, its agents, servants, or employees.
S.
Release of Liens are. to be submitted prior to final payment and -shall include Release of
Liens from subcontractors.
T.
No portion of this work nor any rights under the Contract including the right to payment,
may be assigned without the prior written approval of the Owner.
U.
Contractor warrants that while Contractor's employees are performing any work under this
Contract on premises owned or,controlled by the Owner, such employees will strictly be'
required to observe and be.- guided by the Owner's rules and regulations respecting the
conduct of persons on the premises.
II. AERATED STORAGE LAGOON SITE -WORK
A.
All vegetation and topsoil materials shall be removed to their full depth to the limits of the'
'proposed dike construction. The subgrade, .thus exposed, shall be proof rolled to. identify
soft areas which shall be removed and backfilled with compacted material. The subgrade
shall be'compacted in accordance with these Specifications.
B.
Fill materials for embankment construction shall be free from organic materials such as
.
leaves; grass, roots, etc. and shall contain no debris or foreign materials. Materials from
the excavation for the bottom of the basins'and-.grading of the site shall be used as fill
material. All material.shall be .uniformly graded and free of lumps larger than 6-inches in
size. If such lumps are encountered, they shall be broken. up by mechanical equipment
prior to the start of compaction.
C.'
Additional fill material, if needed, shall be brought from off=site'sources. Fill material shall
meet any of. the grading requirements fisted in the following table:
CABE Associates,)nc.
Aerated Storage Lagoon

Percentage By Weight'Passing Square Mesh Sieves
Grading Grading Grading Grading Grading:' Grading
Sieve I I I III IV V VI "
2" 100 .100 95-100 95400 95-100 95-100
-95 85-,100 85-100 85-100 85-100
3/8" 30-65 40-7.5 50-85, 60-100 -
No. 4 '25-55 30=60 35-65 50-85. 55-100 , 70-100 "
No. 10 .15-40 20-45 - 25-50 40-70 40-100' 55-100
No. 40 8-20 15730 ' •15-30 25745 20-50 30-76 .,
No.200 2-8 5-20 5-15 5-20 6-20 8-25
'
Note: The ,fraction passing the No. 200 sieve shall not be greater than -two-thirds .
of the fraction passing the No. 40 sieve.The fraction passing No. 40 sieve shall
have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and a plasticity index not -greater than 6,
when tested according, to ;AASHTO T 89, modified, and T 90.
D.
A sample of the fill material proposed by the, Contractor shall be provided, to the Owner
at least two (2) weeks prior to, the start of filing, operations.
E:
The Contractor shall demonstrate that the borrow source proposed for the work is of
sufficient capacity to meet the; estimated quantities required, for completion of the work.
If different soil types are proposed for the work, borrow samples of these soil types shall
be provided to the Owner for testing at least two (2) weeks prior to the commencement
of the use of these materials.
F.
All fill material shall be placed in horizontal lifts not exceeding 8 inches in thickness -prior
to, compaction. Placement of fill shall proceed in horizontal lifts to the design slope. Final
grade shall be achieved by cutting to grade the slope to the neat line shown on'the plans.
G.,
Where fill materials are to be placed against existing slopes, the dike shall be "benched"
in maximum 18 inch vertical steps, creating a series of horizontal "steps" between the new.,
'fill and existing slopes.
H.
All fill materials shall be compacted to a minimum of .95 percent,of the maximum dry
density -as determinedby the�Standard Proctor test (A.S.T.M.: D 698). The control of
moisture during placement of this material will be critical'to the attainment of the desired
compaction level. Moisture shall be controlled within 1 percentage point,below optimum
"optimum,
Jo 3 percentage points above The optimum moisture content: shall be .as
determined . by -the Standard Proctor Test for each material type used in the 'project.
Compaction testing may be performed by the Engineer for the Owner at various times
throughout the construction. The Contractor may request or provide additional testing at
the Contractor's cost at any time in order to monitor results of, his efforts.
I.
The subgrade shall be kept dewatered, by such methods as the Contractor deems,
necessary subject to -the review by the Owner's Representative.- Groundwater is to be
maintained a minimum of 2 feet below the subgrade-at all times. Where pumping -is
required,. a sufficient number of pumps of adequate' size• shall be employed to keep the
subgrade dry and' free of water at!,all times, during work until the earthworks are''
completed.- Sumps shall be constructed where necessary and the pumping and drainage
operations shall be subject to the review of the .Owner's Representative at all times.
Water removed from the excavation'shall be. disposed in such a.manner as to not cause
J '
CABE Associates,
Inc., : -4- Aerated,Storage Lagoon',

an injury to public health, private property, street surface, embankments, sediment runoff
( or to any portion of the work completed or in progress.
1
J. All materials on the site, which are not utilized in the -construction of the embankments,
such as. vegetation, stone; unsuitable materials, etc. shall .be removed from the site.
K. All excess excavation and top soil shall be -stockpiled separately at the site at a location
to be.designated by the Owner.
III. AERATORS
A. Description
1. The Contractor shall furnish and install four (4) mechanical floating aerators and
related equipment accessories as described herein for the aerated storage lagoon.
Each aerator shall consist of a motor, direct -drive impeller driven at a constant
speed, an integral flotation unit, impeller volute, precast concrete vault.
2. Aerators shall be manufactured by Aqua Aerobic Systems., Inc., 6306 North Alpine
Road, Rockford, Illinois 61130, 815-654-2501.
B Performance
1. Each aerator shall have a zone of complete mix of 80' feet diameter at 10 feet
water depth and a direct pumping rate of,9830 GPM..
2. Each aerator shall be capable of transferring oxygen at the rate of 3.0 Ibs/HP/hr
as determined by the unsteady state test technique at.the standard conditions of
zero dissolved oxygen, 1 ATM pressure and 20°C.
C. Aerator Drive Motor
1. The motor shall 'be rated at 25 horsepower at 1200 RPM and shall be wired for
'460 volt, 60 hertz, 3 phase service. Motors shall have a minimum service factor
of 1.15.
2. The motor shall be totally enclosed, fan cooled (TEFL), and generally rated for
severe .chemical duty. The motor shall in all cases equal or exceed standard
NEMA specifications. The motor winding insulation shall in all cases equal or
exceed NEMA Class F rating and shall be nonhygroscopic.
D. Diffuser Head
The design of the diffuser head shall be such that the liquid spray will discharge at an
angle of 90' to the motor shaft, and over a 360' patter, in the :horizontal plane, and shall
be a stainless steel monolithic casting.
E. Impeller Shaft
The mixer motor shall have a one-piece motor shaft continuous from the top motor
bearing through the lower bearing, and down to and through the impeller. This shaft shall,
be manufactured from 17-4 ph stainless steel having a minimum yield strength of 100,000
i psi.
CABE Associates, Inc. -5- Aerated Storage Lagoon

IV
F. Flotation
Each unit shall be equipped witha one-piece fl6a . t'constructed,6f 14 gauge 304 stainless
ess,
steel, with a central float, passage of a size" to allow installation and removal of the pump
impeller.' The minimum diameter of the float shall be 84" and the minimum, thickness 12-
1/4". The float shall be foamed full of polyurethane foam of the closed,cell type having
a minimum of 2.0 IbS/ft3 . density, and shall be totally sealed to prevent the foam from being
in contact with the external environment. The minimum reserve bUoya . ncy shall be 1300
pounds..
G. Impeller
The impeller shall be 6 precision casting of 316 ''Stainless steel, and shall be specifically
designed for the application intended. It shall be dynamically and hydraulically balanced.
H . Intake* Volute Assembly
The impeller "shall operate in a volute made of 304 stainless,steel plate, minimum 3/16".
wall thickness.
1. Vibration
The impeller and rotor unit shall. be,dynamicaliy'balanced as, a completed.assembly and
as an integral unit with "the motor: mounting base to the 'Vibrational level not to exceed 2.0
mils peak to peak horizontal dispjacbr6ent measured a the upper and lower bearing.
Measurements shall be taken.at-a frequency equivalent to motor RPM.
J:, Moorin6.-System
The aerators will be supplied with fittings for a restrained mooring system. The mooring
system 'constrain the aerator in the horizontal direction while allowing vertical movement
in accordance with water level chafiges. The mooring system shall consist of three (3)
posts anchored in a precast concrete vault and a,matching frameon the aerator.
AERATED STORAGE LAGOON LINER
A., GENERAL`
1. The basin bottom and the interior slope of each embankment shall be -lined with
a g6omembrane 'liner in accordance with the Drawings, membrane lining
fabticator's'reviewed shop.,drawings and these Specifications.
2. Geomembrap'e panels shall be 'supplied'sufficient to.'cbver all areas, including,'
appurtenances, as required in the project, and shown on the Drawings. The
fabricator/ins'tai.ler of the liner shall allow for shrinkage and wrinkling. of the field
panels.
B. PRODUCTS
1. The lining material shall be 8130 XR-5 at, manufactured by Seaman Corporation,
1000 Venture Boulevard, Wooster, Ohio 44691; 216-26271111, with the following
physical specifications:
CABE Associates, Inc.,
-6- Aerated Storage Lagoon

Base (Type) Polyester
Fabric (Weight) 6.5 o z/ s q. y d.
Finished Coated Weight (ASTM D-751) 30+/- 2 oz/sq. yd.
Tongue Tear "(ASTM D-751, Tongue Method)(8"x10" Sample) 125/125 lbs. min.
Trapezoid Tear (ASTM. D-4533) 35/35 lbs. min
Grab Yield Tensile (ASTM D-751 „Grab Method) 475/425 lbs. min.
Strip Yield Tensile (ASTM.D-751, Cut Strip Method) 400/350 lbs. min.
Elongation Yield (%) 20% Min.
Adhesion (ASTM D-751, Adhesion Para. b) 10 lbs/in. min.
Hydrostatic'Resistance (ASTM D-751, Method A-Proc. 1) 500 psi mina
Puncture Resistance (FTMS 101C Method,2065) 140 lbs. min.
Puncture .Resistance (ASTM .D-751 Ball Tip), 650 lbs. min.
(800 lbs.'typ.)
Dead Load (Mil-T-52983 E Modified) Room Temperature 210 lbs. min.
(Para. 4.5.2.19)(2" overlap. seam, 4 hours) 160OF 105. lbs. min.
Bonded Seam Strength
(ASTM D-751, Seam Strength as Modified by NSF 54) 320-ibs. min.
Cold Crack .(ASTM D-2136, 4 hours -1/8" Mandrel),, Pass -30T
Weathering Resistance (Carbon -Arc Atlas Weather-o-Meter) 8,000 hours min.
with no appreciable changes -or stiffening or cracking of coating ,
Dimensional Stability (ASTM D-1204, 212°F, 1 hour, 2% Max.
each direction).
Water Absorption (ASTM D-471, 7 days) 5% max. at 70OF
12% max. at 2126F
Abrasion Resistance (Taber Method, Method 5306 2000 cycles. before
Fed. Std. 191 a, ,H-18 Wheel., 100g load) fabric exposure;
r
- 50 mg/100 cycles
max. wgt. loss
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion/Contraction (ASTM E-228) 8x10 -6
in/in/OF max.
C. SUBMITTALS :
1. The fabricator of panels used in this work shall prepare shop,: drawings with a
proposed panel layout to cover the, liner area shown in the project plans: Shop
"drawings shall indicate the direction of factory seams and shall show panel sizes .
consistent with the material quantity requirements of III.A. of these Specifications.
2. Details shall be included to, show the termination of the panels at the perimeter
of lined areas, the methods of sealing around penetrations, • and methods of
anchoring.
3. Placement of the lining shall not commence until the shop drawings and details
have been approved by the Owner, or his representative.
D. FACTORY FABRICATION. .
1. The individual XR-5 liner widths shall be factory fabricated into large sheets
custom designed for this project so as to minimize field seaming. 'The number of
factory seams shall exceed the number of field seams by a factor of at least 10.
2: A two inch overlap seam done 'by heat or RF welding is recommended. The
surface of the 'welded areas shall be dry and clean. Pressure shall be applied to
CABE Associates, Inc. -7- Aerated Storage Lagoon

the full width . of the seam. on the top and bottom surface while the welded area
is still in a melt -type condition. The bottom welding surface 'shall be flat to insure
that. the entire seam- is welded properly. Enough heat shall be 'applied in the
'Weld'ing process that a visible bead is extruded from.both edges being welded.
3. Two inch seams must withstand a minimum of 210 pounds per inch width dead
load at 70OF and 105 pounds per inch at 160OF as outlined in Mil-T-52983E. All
seams must exceed 320. Ibs bonded seam strength per. ASTM D-751 bonded
seam strength as modified by NSF-54.
E. INSPECTION AND TESTING OF FACTORY SEAMS
1. The fabricator. shall monitor each liner foot of -seam as it is produced. Upon
discovery of any defective' seam, the fabricator shall stop production of panels
used in this work and 'shall repair the seam, and, determine and. rectify the cause
of the defect prior to continuation of the seaming process.
2. The fabricator shall provide a Quality Control procedure to the Owner or his
representative which details his method of visual inspection and periodic system
checks to ensure leak proof factory fabrication.
F. CERTIFICATION AND TEST REPORTS
1. Prior to installation of the panels, the fabricator shall provide the Owner, or- his
representative with written certification that the factory seams were inspected in
accordance with Section III.E of these Specifications.
G. PANEL PACKAGING AND STORAGE
1. Factory fabricated panels shall be accordion -folded or rolled onto a sturdy wooden
-pallet designated to be moved by a forklift or similar equipment. Each factory
fabricated panel shall be. -prominently and indelibly marked with the panel size.
Panels shall be protected _as necessary, to prevent damage to the panel during
shipment.
2: Panels which have been delivered to the project site shall be, stored in a dry area.
H. QUALIFICATIONS OF SUPPLIERS
1. The fabricator of the lining, shall be experienced in the installation of flexible
- membrane lining and shall provide the Owner or his representative with a list of .
not less than- five (5) projects, and not less than .1 million square feet 'of
successfully installed XR-5 synthetic lining. The project list shall show the name,
address and telephone number of an appropriate party to contact in each case.
2. The installer shall provide similar documentation..
SUBGRADE PREPARATION
1. Lining installation shall not begin until a proper base has been prepared to accept
-the membrane lining. Base material shall be free from angular rocks, roots, grass
-,and vegetation. Foreign materials and protrusions shall be removed, and all
cracks and voids shall be, filled and the surface made level, or uniformly sloping
CABE Associates; Inc. -8- Aerated Storage Lagoon

f
as indicated on the Drawings. The prepared surface shall be free from loose
earth, rocks, rubble and other foreign matter. No rock or other object. larger than
USCS sand (SP) should remain on the surgrade in order to provide an adequate
safety factor against puncture. The subgrade shall be uniformly compacted to
ensure against settlement. The surface on which the lining is to be placed shall
be maintained in a firm, clean, dry and smooth condition during lining installation.
2. Pea gravel for use under the liner shall be in accordance with ASTM C33 and
shall be graded as follows per ASTM No. 57:
Sieve Size
1-172"
1"
1/2"
No. 4
Percent Passing
100
95-100
25-60
0-10
3. Sand for use under the liner system shall be in accordance with ASTM C33 and
shall be graded as follows:
Sieve Size
3/8"
No. 4
No. 16
No. 50
No. 100
Percent Passinq
100
95-100
45-80
10-30
2-10
4. Geotextile fabric shall be woven from monofilaments or of isotactic polypropylene.
The fabric shall be heat treated to insure stability and the edges sealed to prevent
unraveling. The fabric shall be rot proof, resistant to soil chemicals, acids and
alkalis within a pH range of 3 to 12. The fabric shall be nonbiodegradable and
shall not be attacked by mold, mildew or vermun. The fabric shall have a weight
of 4 ounces per square yard and a minimum thickness of 25 m7s. Geotextile
fabric shall be Mirafi 500 X or equal.
J. Lining Installation
1. Prior to placement of the liner, the installer shall indicate in writing to the Owner
or his representative that he believes the subgrade to be adequately prepared for
the liner placement.
2. The lining shall be placed over the prepared surface in such a manner as to
assure minimum handling. The sheets shall be of such lengths and widths and
shall be placed in such a manner as to minimize.field seaming.
3. In areas where wind is prevalent, lining installation should be started at the
upwind side of the project and proceed downwind. The leading edge of the liner
shall be secured at all times with sandbags or other means sufficient to hold it
down during high winds.
4. Sandbags or rubber tires may be used as required to hold down the lining in
position during installation. Materials, equipment or other items shall not be
CABE Associates, Inc. -9 Aerated Storage Lagoon.-

dragged across the�sui-face of the liner,'or be allowed to.slide down on the lining.
~, All parties walking or working upon'the lining material shall -wear soft -sole shoes.
5. ,Lining sheets shall be- closely fit and sealed 'around inlets, outlets :and other
projections through the lining. Lining to concrete seals shall be made with a
mechanical anchor or as shown on the Drawings. All piping, structures and other
projections through the lining shall be sealed with approved sealing methods.
K. Field Seaming
1. All requirements of Sections III.D and III.E. shall apply.to field seaming. -A visible, "
bead shall be extruded from the hot'air welding process.
2. Field fabrication of lining material will not be allowed.'
L. Inspection
1. All field seams shall be tested using the'.Air Lance Method. A compressed air-
' source shall deliver 55. psi minimum to a 3/16 inch'nozzle. "The nozzle shall be
directed to the lip'of the field seam in a near perpendicular direction to the length
of the field seam. The nozzle shall -be held 4 inches maximum from the seam and
travel at a rate not to exceed 40 feet per minute. Any loose flaps "of 1 /8" , or
greater will require repair.
2. All field seams shall also be inspected utilizing the Vacuum Box Technique as
described in Standard Practice -for Geomembrane Seam Evaluation by' Vacuum
Chamber (Draft Designation: D35.10.90.02) using a 3 to 5 psi vacuum pressure.
All leaks shall be repaired and tested.
3. All joints, on completion of the work, shall be *tightly bonded. Any lining surface,
showing injury due to scuffing, penetration by foreign objects, or distress from
rough subgrade shall as directed,.by'the Owner, or.his representative,.be replaced
or covered, and sealed with an additional layer of lining of the proper size, in
accordance.with the patching procedure.
4. Installer shall, provide all testing equipment,, and' supplies and,. shall provide
assistance to the Owner's representative to perform the field tests. _
M. Patchin
1. Any repairs to the lining shall be patched with the lining material. The patch
material shall have rounded corners and shall extend. a minimum of four inches
(4") in each direction from ,the damaged area.
Z. Seam, repairs or seams which are questionable should be cap stripped with a 1
wide (min) strip of the liner material. The requirements of Section III.K. apply'to
this cap stripping.
N. Warranty
1. The lining material shall be warranted on a pro -rated basis for 10 years against
both weathering and chemical compatibility in accordance with Seaman
Corporation warranty for XR-5 Style 8130. A test immersion has been performed
CABS Associates, Inc. -10 9 Aerated Storage Lagoon

by the Owner and the samples evaluated by the manufacturer. Workmanship of
installation shall be warranted for one year -on a 100% basis.
V. PIPING
A. Ductile iron pipe shall;be centrifugally cast, conforming to AWWA C 151, cement lined and
bituminous coated inside and out in accordance with AWWA C 104. Class shall be as
shown .on or as required by Contract Documents. , When a class is not specifically called
for, or otherwise required, it shall be Class 50.
B. Fittings for ductile iron pipe shall conform to AWWA C 110, Class 250 gray cast iron or
MO. 0. ductile iron conforming` to ASTM A 536, minimum grade '70-50-05. Nominal
thickness of fittings shall be equal ,to, or exceed, Class 53 ductile iron pipe thickness.
Fittings shall be cement lined in accordance with AWWA C 104. .
C. Joints for ductile iron pipe shall be mechanical or push on in accordance with AWWA C
11 0'and, C 111 or flange joint in .accordance with AWWA C 110. Joints for pipes and
fittings shall be as shown on the Drawings.
D.. PVC pipe shall be manufactured conforming to material requirements of ASTM D2241' in
accordance with ASTM D1784. In accordance, with SDR-26 pipe shall have a design
pressure of 160 psi at 730F. Fittings for PVC pipe shall be fabricated or molded from the
same material as the, pipe in which they are installed- or fittings for ductile iron pipe may,
be used. Transition, gaskets shall be used for PVC pipe- having outside dimensions of
.steel pipe when fittings for ductile iron are used.
E. Gate valves shall conform to AWWA C509,'Standard for Resilient Seated Gate Valves for
Water Supply Service. Valve wedge shall be constructed of,ductile'iron, encapsulated in
resilient rubber. Wedge rubber shall be molded in 'place and bonded to the ductile iron
wedge, not mechanically attached with screws or rivets. Waterway shall be smooth and
shall have no depressions or cavities in the seat,area. Valve, body and„bonnet shall be
epoxy coated, inside" and out with, fusion bonded epoxy conforming to AWWA C550..
Valves shall be American Flow Control, Series 500, or equal.
F: Buried gate valves, shall be fitted with 2" square wrench huts. Operators for other
installations shall be handwheel, chain wheel, or mechanical .operators as shown on and
as required by the Drawings.
G..'' Gate valve boxes shall be 3-piece adjustable screw type, 5 174"shaft diameter, with .
"SEWER" cast in the cover.. Valve boxes shall be manufactured by -Tyler Series 6860,
..Mueller, Clow, Kennedyi M&H, or equal.
H. Butterfly valves shall be in accordance with AWWA C 504 as applicable to cast iron and
ductile iron body, rubber -seated, tight -closure butterfly valves,
L Operators shall, be lever, handwheel, crank, chain wheel, 'or mechanical operators "as
shown on and as required by the Drawings.
J. Horizontal swing check valves shall be flanged, iron body, bronze mounted, swing .gate,
with outside lever and adjustable weight type, ,rated for the same pressure as the pipe ' in
which installed. Bonnet shall be sufficiently large to permit cleaning and maintenance of
the inner works without removing the valve body from the line. Valves shall be Figure
1.06LW as manufactured. by ITT Kennedy or equal.
CABE Associates, Inca -11- Aerated Storage Lagoon

K.'Precautions shall be taken to '''' interioms,mf pipesond fittings clean before installation
and kept clean until final acceptance.' Pipe'-delivdred for construction shall be stored so
' as no mnm|nnizo entrancee-mi foreign material. When pip!) laying is not in progress, all
openings'in the 'om| shall be closed by watertight o|u80. Joints ofal|pipe inthe trench
` shall be co mpleted before work io Ifwater accumulates in -the .trench, the plugs,
` ohoU in place until the trench kydry
^
L. All pressure p` 'nQ. including fittings and appurtenances, shall be furnhyhedand installed,,
complete, in -place, and tested oashown onthe Contract Documents.
'
M. Pipe and fittings shall be carefully handled and placed
'care shall bEithat
there shall be no shoulder or unevenness of any. kind along the inside of the bottom half
ofthe p' .. `
. .
'
N.- The trench
- bottonl'shal|ba to 'the firm stable and uniform for
the full length of the pipe. Bell holes shall be provided at each joint to permit proper joint
assembly and alignment.Any part grade
. � backfilled to grade and shall be compacted at required to, provide "firm pipe support.
When an unstable subgrade condition is encountered which will provide inadequate pipe
support additional trench depth should baexcavated and refilled with suitable foundation
' material.
Q. Concrete thrust blocking or anchors shall be provided on- all buried lines at bands. tees,
capped or valved fi��g�.and xvherad bvthe Engineer. `B anchors
U
�ohobepoured ' earth and shall beinaccordance with these Contract
Dmobmente.
P. ^ Theexcavation in. Vvhichp' iebeing laid shall bekept free I from water and nojoint shall
� bamade under water. The greatest mfcare shall beused tosecure water tightness mnd
. dur�n the sd
` ~ - - ' - -� '
. time'. | have baen nmode walking or working
over the. pipe shall be limited to such as may be necessary in tamping until there is
'covering ofsdleast 2feet indepth over the top. Qfthe pipe,."
� ,
Q. Valves of the sizes. and at the locations shown on the Drawings shall be in anoonjanoa
`- with these CmntnaotDonunnenta. Valves shall bauniformly bedded and shall have support
masonry as needed to maintain the stem plumb,. �Thm valve box ohoU be set plumb,
� centered over the operating nut, and uniformly bedded. The valve box cover shall bmset.
.' flush With finished grade. |nnmn_povedareas oconcrete collar shall beprovided around
the top ufthe valve box.
ing
R. Detection .�dwam^��s�|� �.�| buried ��e�|����s� shall
be of. the nnato|ic type mith 'metal 'foil running the full length and width of the tape.
Detector tape shall b 6equal. Foil shall
` be encased in a nogn vmmvuyi cww/ cwuwu, vinsert plastic jacket "."" continuous
idonU�coUonk*mmndo / inmphntedon'�. Colors and mhoU,bain, accordance
with the American Public Works Association's recommended color o6da�following:
�
. � .
_
�
-
' ^
CABE | otee`lno.- �. -12- . Aerated Storage Lagoon
,
`

Utili Color- Legend
Electric Safety Red, -Caution buried electric line
below
Gas, oil, flammable Materials High Visibility Yellow Caution buried gas line below
Communication system Safety Alert Orange Caution buried telephoneline
below
Water systems Safety/Precaution Blue Caution buried water lines below
-Sewer systems Safety. Green bautiori buried sewer lines
below
S.:
Detection and warning tape shall be supplied in a'6" width and installed according to the
following schedule:
Utility Depth Tape Burial Depth
(inches) (inches)
12-24 6-12,
'24 - 36 '12--.18
36-48 18-24
48 or more, 24-30
T.
Tape shall be placed directly above the utility bein . g marked and at no time shall it be
placed at a.depth less than 6 inches.
U.
All aboveground piping shall be supported by pipe hangers or supports.
V.
The Contractor shall, field test all new force mains before startup.
W.
The pipe is to be hydrostatically tested at a' pressure 1.5 times the normal working
pressure with a minimum pressure. of 100 psi. The test pressure shall be held for a period
of at least two (2) hours during which time th6test pressure shall not vary more than +/7
5 psi.
X.
Each valved section, -of pipe shall be filled with water slowly and the specified Jest
pressure, based on the'elevation.pf..the lowest point of the line or section under test and
corrected to the elevation of the test gauge, shall be applied by means of a pump
connected to the pipe in a manner, satisfactory :'t6 the Engineer.
Before applying the specified test pressure, air shall be expelled completely from the pipe,,
and valves. If permanent air vents are not located at all high points, the Contractor shall
install corporation cocks at such points so that the air can be expelled as the line is filled
with water. After all, the air has been expelled, the corporation cocks shall be closed and
the test pressure applied. At the conclusion of the pressure test, the Corporation cocks
shall be removed and plugged, or left in place at the discretion of the Engineer.
Z.
A leakage test shall be conducted concurrently with the pressure test.. Leakage shall be
defined- as, the quantity of water that must be -supplied into the .newly laid pipe, or any
-valved section thereof, to maintain pressure within 5 psi of the specified test pressure after
the air in"the pipeline has been expelled and the pipe has been filled with water.,
CABE Associates, Inc. Aerated Storage Lagoon

ALLOWABLELEAKAGE PER 1000 FT. OF PIPELINE - dph
'
Avg. Test
.Pressure Nominal Pipe Diameter -In..
psi 2 3 4. 6 _ 8 10 •-., 12 15
.250 •0.24 0.36 0.47 0.71 0.95 1.19 1.42 1.66
225 , 0.23 -,0.34 0.345 0.68 0.90 1.13 1.35' 1.58
200 0.21 0.32 0.43 0.64 0.85 ".' 1.06 1.28• 1.48
175 ' 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.59 0.80 0.99 1.19 1.39
150 0.19 0.28 0.37 0.55 0.74 0.92 1.10 1.29
125. 0.17 0.25, 0.34 0.50 0.67' '0.84 1.01 1.18
100 0.15 0.23 0.30 0.45. 0.60 . 0.75 0.90 ' 1.05
AA.
Acceptance shall be determined on the basis of allowable leakage. If any test of pipe laid
discloses leakage greater than, specified, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, locate"
and repair the defective material until the leakage is within the specified allowance. All
visible leaks are to be repaired regardless of the amount of leakage.,
VI. PUMPS
A.
The 'contractor shall furnish and install, as shown, on the plans, three (3) Verti-Line Model
1110, 5 stage, size 12RL , electric motor driven, bronze fitted vertical turbine pumps. The
pumps shall be capable of delivering 1000 gpm against a total head, exclusive of all pump
losses of 230 ft , operating, at 1770 rpm when pumping Water, with a temperature of 60°F
and a specific gravity of 1.0.' The pump shall, have a minimum guaranteed efficiency of
84 % at the rated condition. The minimum acceptable shut off head shall be 399 feet.
The surface discharge "head'shall function asmotor stand, discharge elbow, and support .
.a
base, and shall be constructed of cast iron'. A. stainless steel nameplate shall include
pertinent data, manufacturer's name, serial number, and a rotation. arrow. A 24" square
soleplate shall be provided., -
C.
The column pipe shall conform to the American Water Works Association (AWWA)
Standard E101-88 with an 8 inch nominal inside diameter. The overall length of the
column, from the bottom of the soleplate to the bowl discharge case shall be 153 inches.
The column shall be of open line shaft construction.
D.`
The column shafting shall be machine turned, ground, and precision straightened. The
material shall be C-1045 steel, and shall be shall be sized for the required, horsepower in
accordance with AWWA specifications; and shall operate without excessive run -out or
vibration':
E.
Pump'bowls, suction case and discharge case shall be of the vertical, multi-stage,design "
constructed of "Apco-Loy 30" cast iron having a minimum tensile strength of 30,000 psi.
'
The bowls shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test at 150% of ,that specified at the rated
duty point. Impellers shall be of the enclosed, single suction, modified Francis vane type,
and shall be of cast bronze. The bowl shaft shall be made of high grade 416 AISI alloy
with a 11-13% chrome content or equal, accurately machined to provide a true running
rotating element. Bowl bearings for each stage shall be single and manufactured from
leaded bronze. The threaded suction case shall be fitted with -a galvanized basket
with
strainer. The bowl assembly shall include stainless; steel nameplate secured with stainless.
r
steel pins, and shall include pertinent data, and manufacturer's name and number:
CABE Associates, Inc. -14- Aerated Storage Lagoon

F.
All internal passages, excluding shafting and non'corrosive components,''shall be coated
r
with 'enamel.
G.
The pump shall be mounted on a heavy cast iron. soleplate.. The pump and motor shall
be checked for alignment after the pump has been installed and grouted in place, in
accordance with the standards of the Hydraulic Institute. There shall :be no strain
transmitted to the pumps by the piping mounting structure.
VII. SITE RESTORATION
A.
The Contractor is to restore all areas, 'structures, plantings, pavements, facilities, and
features to not less than the pre=existing conditions. Non -paved areas disturbed by the
work are to be topsoiled, seeded and mulched.
B. •.
The Contractor shall maintain the restoration work for a period of,12-months after final
acceptance of the project at •no additional cost to the Owner. The maintenance of the
restoration work shall -include all labor, equipment, material and supplies necessary,
including fill, additional topsoil, seeding and mulching.
C.
All seed'shall be fresh, clean, from new crop seed,, and delivered to the site unopened in
original packages which have affixed to the packages, the date guaranteed analysis in
accordance with the Contract Documents.
D. , '
Seed mixtures, fertilizer and limestone shall be as identified, on the Drawings.
E.
Straw for mulching shall, be from oats, wheat, rye or other approved grain crops which are, "
'free from noxious weeds, mold or other objectionable material. Straw mulch shall be in
an air-dry condition and suitable.for placing with mulch blower equipment.
F.
Natural wood cellulose fiber, shall have the property of dispersing readily in water and shall
have no toxic effect when combined with seed or other materials. The homogenous slurry
or mixture shall be capable of'application with power spray equipment. ,.A:green colored
dye which is noninjurious to plant growth shall be required. Wood cellulose fiber shall be
packaged in new labeled containers in an air-dry condition and have a pH of 4.5 to 1.0.0
in distilled water.
Moisture' Content 12 percent +/-3 percent
Organic'Matter (Oven Dried Basis) 98.6 percent +/-0.2 percent
Ash Content' 1 A percent +/-0.2 percent
Water Holding Capacity, 1000 percent minimum
G.
Chemical mulch binder shall be a 55 percent solids in water emulsion. The:solids content
shall be a mixture of polyvinyl, resin, a long chain butenedeioic acid and an acrylic resin.
The mulch binder shall be permissible, with all normally available water with resistance to
water hardness and sea water. After adequate drying (2-6, hours), the binder shall no
longer be soluble or dispersible in water. It shall dry transparent without affecting the
aesthetic appearance of the environment. It'shall be physiologically harmless, shall not
inhibit seed. germination and shall be entirely safe for existing vegetation, as well as for
wild and marine life.
H.
The area to be seeded shall be thoroughly loosened to' a depth of not less than 6", and
if just prior to seeding, the top 3" of soil is loose, friable, and free of large clods, rock or
the extraneous matter 1" or more in diameter, measured at the widest dimensions; and
CABE,'Associates, Inc. -15- Aerated Storage Lagoon

if shaped to the prescribed grade, it shall'be a satisfactory seedbed and require no further
work. However, when that' area to be seeded. is partially. sodded, ,barren,. weedy, or
packed ;and hard, any grass and weeds shall first be cut or otherwise satisfactorily
removed; and the soil shall then be scarified or otherwise loosened to a depth of not less
than 4". Clods, lumps, rubbish, rocks, and other extraneous matter shall be removed clear
of the site; and the upper 2 to 3" shall be disced or otherwise worked into a satisfactory
seedbed.
I. Limestone shall be applied at :the rate of ,50 pounds per one thousand square feet.
Fertilizer shall be applied according; to the quantities of actual plant food per. acre required
for the seed mix. The seed shall be of the'standard mix applied at the rate of 150 pounds
per acre. The seeded area shall be mulched with either wood cellulose fiber mulch, straw
mulch, jute mesh, woven paper or woven sisal mesh. Jute mesh, woven` paper or woven
sisal mesh shall be used on all slopes steeper than'3 to 1. A chemical mulch binder shall
be used at the rate of 60 gallons. per acre. Asphaltic base binder shall not be permitted.
J. At the discretion of the Owner's Representative, seeded areas that do not produce. a
substantial stand of .the desired vegetation within one (1) year, after final inspection will be
seeded again at the contractors expense and in accordance with the Contract Documents.
The Owner's Representative may also direct the Contractor to reseed areas that in the
Owner's. Representative's opinion. do ' not show adequate germination and growth within
a period of 15 weeks after seeding. If; -in the opinion of the, Owner's Representative, it is
in the Owner's best interest, said reseeding will. be carried out at the Contractor's expense
within ten (10) days of notice or at such other time that may be directed by the Owner's
Representative.
QUOTATIONS
A. The Contractor shall submit firm lump -sum prices for the complete work of the project on
the attached forms as follows:
Mountaire Farms Inca
c/o CABE Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 877
Dover, DE , 19903-0877
Attn: Mr. Robert W. Kerr, P.E.
B. Quotations shall be held valid for at least thirty(30) days from the actual date of bid
opening.
C. Quotations shall be. firm, fixed priced bids for the total work, based on the nominal time
requirements stated in the project specifications. No, price escalation or .contingency
considerations other than those identified in the bid form will be allowed.
D. Quotations shall include all. equipment and overtime required to complete the work in the
prescribed time.
E: The Owner reserves the. right to reject any and all bids, waive any and all: informalities in
the bidding, and reserves the, right to disregard all nonconforming conditional bids or
counterproposals. If -a contract is to be awarded, it will be awarded to the lowest
responsible bidder whose evaluation by the Owner indicates to the Owner that the award
will be]d the best interest of the project.
CABE Associates, Inc. . -16- Aerated. Storage Lagoon

F. Quotations shall be submitted as indicated above and shall be received as indicated in the
letter,of transmittal. Submittals received after the indicated time may be rejected.
END OF REQUEST FOR QUOTATIONS
CABE Associates, Inc. -17- Aerated Storage1agoon

BID FOR LUMP, SUM CONTRACT
Place Lumber Brid-ge, North Carolina
Proposal of (hereinafter called "Bidder"), organized
and existing Under the laws of the State of 'doing business as
to MoUntaire Farms Inc. (hereinafter called "Owner!).
Gentleman:
The Bidder, in compliance with your invitation for bids for the construction of the 1997 Wastewater
System Improvements, Aerated Storage Lagoon and Spray Irrigation Pumping Station, Contract G and
related work having examined the plans and specifications With related documents and the site of,the
proposed work, and being familiar with all of the conditions surrounding the construction of the proposed
project including the availability of materials. and labor, hereby proposes to furnish all labor, materials, and
supplies, and to construct the project in accordance with the Request for Quotations Within the time set
forth therein, and' at the prices stated below. These prices are to cover all exoerises'iincurred in performing
the work required under the Request for Quotations, of which this proposal is a part.
Bidder hereby agrees to commence work -under this Contract on or before a' date to be specified
in a written "Notice -to Proceed" of the Owner and to fully complete the Project within 180 consecutive
calendar days thereafter as stipulated in the Request for'. Quotations-. Bidder ' further agrees to pay as
liquidated damages, the sum of $400.00 for each consecutive calendar day thereafter provided by these
Request for Quotations.
'Bidder acknowledges receipt ofthe following addendum-,.
The Bidder agrees to perform all of the work for the construction of the 1997 Wastewater System
Improvements and related work, at Mountaire Farms Inc., Lumber Bridge, North Carolina as shown on the
Contract, Drawings and as required by the Request for Quotations for the total. price of
(The amounts shall'be in both words and figures; in case of discrepancy the'amount shown in words shall
govern).
*Insert "a corporation", "a partnership", or "an individual" as applicable.
BLS A

SUBCONTRACTOR LIST
Bidder proposes to utilize the following subcontractors on this project:
Liner Installation
Name:
Address:
Earthwork
Name:
Address:
Piping
Name:
Address:
Pump Installation
Name:
Address:
Electrical
Name:
Address:
SUPPLIER LIST
Bidder proposes to use the following suppliers for this project:
Liner
PVC Pipe
Aerators
Pumps
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
Name:
Address:
BLS-2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND REQUIREMENTS
The Bidder understands the Owner reserves the right to reject any or all bids and to waive any
informalities in the bidding.
The Bidder agrees that this bid shall be good and may not be withdrawn for a period as stated in
the Invitation to Bid after the bids are received.
Upon receipt of written notice of the acceptance of this bid, Bidder will execute the formal Contract
within 10 days.
Date:
Attest:
Secretary
Respectfully Submitted:
BY
Bidder
Address
SEAL - If Bidder is a Corporation
BLS-3

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APPENDIX A
SUBSURFACE EVALUATION REPORT

/ G.N. RICHARDSON & ASSOCIATES
Engineering • Geologidail
October 31, 1997
Mr. Bob Kerr, P.E.
CABE Associates
144 S. Governor's Avenue
P.O. Box 877
Dover, Delaware 19903-0877
RE: Site Investigation Report
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina, Inc.
Lumber Bridge, North Carolina
Dear Bob:
G.N. Richardson & Associates (GNRA) is pleased to present this report of a site investigation
performed at the referenced site. The site was visited on October 9, 1997, during which time
eight hand auger borings were performed in and around the footprint of the proposed aeration
lagoon. The borings were fitted with temporary standpipe piezometers, to allow long-term
observation of ground water levels. The piezometers were revisited on October 23, 1997 to
measure ground water levels.
Preliminary subsurface information was conveyed to you during the site visit, followed by a
summary letter dated October 13, 1997. This report presents the findings of the investigation and
recommendations, for design and construction of the new wastewater basin. Based on subsequent
ground water observation, the recommendations presented in this report remain substantially the
same as discussed previously.
Site and Project Description
Figure 1 presents an aerial photograph of the plant site, including the location of the new waste
water lagoon and hand auger boring locations. The proposed lagoon will be a lined 19.8 MG
aerated waste water storage lagoon; located about 250 feet north and west of the plant building,
and about 100 feet east of the existing lagoons. The'footprint of the new lagoon covers
approximately 6.8 acres, excluding the exterior berm slopes. The site is relatively level, with
ground surfaces varying from El. 197 at the east side of the lagoon to El. 195 near the south east
corner of the lagoon. The ground is vegetated with -grass, scattered scrub trees and underbrush.
Evidently, the site was previously used for agriculture, as portions of the footprint have been
plowed in the last few years.
A tentative site development plan provided by CABE Associates shows proposed bottom
elevations of El. 190 to 195, sloping to the west. A sump is being planned for the southwest
corner of the lagoon, which may extend to El. 185, rising within a few feet laterally to El. 190.
The perimeter berm will be set at El. 206.5, with interior and exterior slope ratios of 3H:1V. A
pretreatment building will be set outside the lagoon; with a finished floor at El. 200. This
417 N. BOYLAN AVENUE - RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA 27603 TEL. [phone] - FAX. [phone]

structure is planned to have 19-foot high masonry walls and a precast concrete roof. The floor is
assumed to be a monolithic concrete raft, with a maximum anticipated bearing pressure of 3000
psf. The pumping station will be supported on a new 5-foot high compacted soil structural pad.
Subsurface Conditions
Tables 1 and 2 present a summary of ground water level observations and soils encountered at
the hand auger boring locations, respectively. ,Figure 2 presents a generalized subsurface profile,
based on the hand auger boring data. The borings were extended to depths of 5 to 8 feet below
existing ground surfaces. All of the borings terminated in saturated soils, either within the water
table (saturated zone with positive pore pressures, capable of producing a phreatic surface) or in
the `capillary fringe' existing above the unconfined aquifer (saturated zone with negative pore
pressures, no phreatic surface). Color and texture changes of the recovered soil samples were
noted to determine the likely position of the seasonal high water table (discussed below).
Generally, the soils consists of relatively `clean' to slightly silty and clayey fine to medium sand.
Representative Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) designations of SW, SM and SC are
typical. The' SW and SM soils exhibit relatively low cohesion, but these soils appear to inter -
finger with the more cohesive SC soil types. The upper 24 to 30 inches generally consists of
slightly moist SW soils, while the percentage of fines and moisture content increases noticeably
below these depths. Distinct tan and orange mottling was noted below depths of 36 to 48 inches.
The soils observed in hand auger borings B-1 through B-5 appear similar to those encountered in
earlier test borings that extended to depths of 15 to 40 feet, performed in another area of the site.
The earlier borings did not exhibit any distinct horizons of soft clay or unsuitable foundation
soils. Based on this visual comparison, it appears that the soils at the hand auger locations will
provide sufficient foundation support for the lagoon berm and pretreatment building.
A majority of the soils encountered in the hand auger borings exhibit a generally low -organic
content (vegetative material), and there was little topsoil. A exception occurs within the eastern
side of the footprint, where dark brown soils (iron and manganese oxide stained), laden with
organic debris, were encountered from depths of 20 to 48 inches (B-6) and from 12 to 18 inches
(B-7), and 15 to 28 inches (B-8). The dark brown soils are underlain by light to dark gray silty
and clayey sand at B-6 and B-7, and the dark soils are underlain by tan -orange sandy soils below
a depth of 36 inches at 8-8. Nothing was noticeably different at the surface at these locations.
The pattern of the dark brown is believed to represent a relic small creek channel, or perhaps a
small `bay' has been in filled. The extent of the organic debris -laden soils, which are unsuitable
for compacted embankment construction, is unknown. However, these soils appear to be present
in relatively limited quantities, at locations where the average grade cut is shallow (less than 24
inches). These soils could have application as topsoil for the exterior slopes of the perimeter
berm. It does not appear that large quantities of the organic soils will be encountered within the
west side of the lagoon, where the deeper grade cuts are now planned.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report . Page 2

Ground Water Trends
Ground water level data is presented on Table 2. The ground water levels observed at the time of
- completion (10/9/97) and stabilized water levels several days later (10/23/97) are similar. At
most of the piezometers, water levels had decreased slightly from the time of completion, except
at B-6, which increased about 7 inches. Please note that the water levels at the piezometers are
very near the bottoms; and there is a f2 inch deep end cap at the bottom of each piezometer
which can trap water. It appears that the end caps may be producing the `water levels' currently
observed at several piezometer locations. Two piezometers (B-2 and B-7) have remained dry.
Each of the hand augers borings terminated in saturated soils, but it appears that the water
encountered during the installation of the piezometers may reflect a `capillary fringe' near the top
of the water table. It should be noted that the last few months were drier than normal, and water
levels may be unusually deep at this time. Mottling of yellow and orange pigments, caused by
migration of iron oxides in the soils, indicates a variable ground water position that is often due
to seasonal fluctuation. The mottling observed in the soil samples at depths generally varying -
from 3 to 6 feet (above the zone of saturation) suggests that water levels may rise higher at other
times, or that water levels have been higher in the past. The timing of the past ground water
movements, e.g. whether it occurred within the past few months or many'years ago, cannot be
readily determined based on the available data.
However, the presence of `gleying', a pigmentation caused by the reduction of iron compounds
in the soils that results in a consistent grey or green -blue chroma. This typically indicates
permanent ground water saturation associated with the mean ground water position. Table 2
only indicates gleying below a depth of 5 to 6 feet at B-3. The other hand auger borings
terminated in mottled soils, suggesting that the borings ended above the permanent water table.
This is supported by the piezometer data. It cannot be discounted that spray irrigation activities
nearby could affect water levels at the lagoon site. This is more likely to occur on the east side
of the lagoon, closer to the spray field.
Recommendations
The following recommendations are made based on the available data, our understanding of the
project and past experience with similar projects and subsurface conditions. If plans are altered
significantly from those now under consideration, these recommendations should be reviewed
and, perhaps, augmented or amended to reflect changed conditions. If unanticipated subsurface
conditions are encountered during construction, GNRA would appreciate an opportunity to
observe those conditions for review and comment.
Site Grading and Excavation Considerations
Initial site grading activities should consist of clearing and grubbing, to clear the footprint of
loose topsoil, vegetative matter, excessively wet or clayey soils or soils deemed unsuitable by the
project engineer. These soils should be stockpiled on the site and used for dressing the exterior
side slopes of the perimeter berm. During general excavation for the lagoon, it is likely that soils
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report _ Page 3

that are unsuitable for embankment construction will be encountered. These soils should be
removed to the stockpile, as well.' The acceptance of soils from the excavation that are suitable
for embankment construction should be made by a qualified engineer or soils technician working
l
under the supervision of an engineer.
Areas intended for construction of compacted embankments should be densified in place with
suitable compaction equipment prior to constructing the embankment. A vibratory roller of
sufficient weight to improve the density of soils at a depth of 3 to 5 feet below existing ground
surfaces is recommended. Following densification, the embankment areas should be proof -rolled
in the presence of a qualified engineer or soils technician, with a fully loaded dump truck or
similar piece of heavy, rubber -tire equipment. Any area which fails to stabilize should be
reworked and recompacted, then proof -rolled again. If an area still is unstable after reworking,
the soils in that area should be undercut and replaced with suitable compacted fill.
All embankment construction for perimeter berms and structural support should be placed and
compacted in accordance with standard engineering practice. Soil selection for embankments
should be made such as to avoid overly wet, sticky or non -cohesive soils, or soils containing
more than .10 prevent organic content. All soils should be placed in relatively thin, horizontal
lifts, not exceeding 18 inches uncompacted lift thickness, and compacted to a minimum of 95
percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density established for that soil type by a
geotechnical engineering laboratory. If variable soils are encountered in the excavation or
supplemental borrow.sites, additional laboratory testing may. be required.
All soil placement and compaction should be inspected by an experienced technician, working
under the supervision of a soils engineer. A regular testing schedule and construction quality
assurance (CQA) procedures should be incorporated into the project specifications. If the project
is put out for bid to a general contractor, the bid documents should contain provisions to assure
quality workmanship, e.g. contractor shall be responsible for meeting specified soil density and
keeping'a record of CQA testing. Alternatively, the project could be separated into several
contracts, administered by CABE, a designated representative, or the Client, in which case one of
the contracts should include a soils laboratory to provide onsite guidance and testing.
Ground Water Control
Based on Figure 2, the proposed grade cut will extend within a couple feet of the measured water
levels over a large portion of the lagoon footprint. Excavations for the deeper portions of the
lagoon, including the sump, will undoubtedly extend below the observed water table. Ground
water levels could rise to' higher levels than currently seen due to seasonal and climatic changes.
The excavations may experience instability due to ground water seepage, possibly resulting in
bottom heaving or side slope raveling. Should the excavations become unstable, it may be
necessary to stabilize the bottom and the lower portions of the side slopes with crushed stone.
To minimize instability, consideration should be given to implementing temporary ground water
controls, e.g. a system of ditches inside the footprint, or trenches and/or well points outside the
footprint, to lower water elevations prior to construction of the sump or installation of the liner.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report - Page 4

To stabilize the sump area, a relatively economical solution is to dig one or more trenches in
proximity of the sump and pump the excavations with one or more gasoline -powered creek
pumps. If the deeper excavation encounters ground water that does not respond satisfactorily to
trench pumping, perimeter well points can be considered, although this option is costly and not
recommended as a first initiative.
Depending on ground water conditions at the time of construction, shoring and bracing or
additional side wall lay back may be required to prevent collapse of open excavations. Protective
measures should be taken for manned entry into any excavation extending deeper than 5 feet
below existing ground surfaces, or into the water table, per applicable'OSHA regulations. The
soft conditions likely to be encountered may make support of earth moving equipment difficult.
Again, the current data show that the water table is near or slightly below the planned lagoon
bottom, and it is uncertain based on current data whether future ground water levels will rise
significantly above present levels. There is a possibility that the lagoon liner could be placed at
risk due to hydrostatic uplift, in the event of a complete draw down of the lagoon. Such could
conceivably occur due to future maintenance or repair requirements. Consideration should be
given to fitting the lagoon liner with an underdrain system. Due to the relatively flat topography,
a gravity drain system of permanently lowering the water table does not appear feasible. One
possible option is to fit the under drain with its own sump and pumping system.
Lagoon Liner Considerations
The lagoon will be lined with a UV resistant synthetic liner. The liner may be fitted with a
surface drain layer to facilitate gas removal from the lagoon. We recommend that the liner be
installed by an experienced installer, with a minimum of one million square feet of installed liner
to his credit. Care should be taken to follow manufacturer's recommendations for storage and
handling of the materials. A CQA program should be implemented to assure that seams meet
project specifications and that proper perimeter anchorage is achieved.
The liner should be designed to withstand stresses associated with seasonal temperature changes
and possible settlement. A settlement analysis has not been performed, but it is conceivable that
settlements could be experienced. At,full pool, the hydrostatic stresses acting on the lagoon
bottom (and underlying soils) will be an estimated 1200 psf in the deepest portion of the lagoon.
The reduction overburden stress associated with the excavation of soils from the center of the
lagoon should roughly balance the anticipated hydrostatic stress at full pool. Thus settlements
beneath the lagoon are expected to be negligible, but unforseen localized settlements could occur
due to undetected soft soils beneath the lagoon footprint.
Foundation Support Considerations
The subsurface soils appear favorable for support of relatively light structures, such as the pump
station (maximum anticipated foundation loads of 3000 psf). It will be necessary to densify the
foundation soils prior to placing the compacted soil embankment, and embankment compaction
criteria should be observed, to minimize the likelihood of post construction settlements. We
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report Page 5

understand that the foundation design may include a monolithic raft design, essentially a thick
reinforced concrete slab, typically 24 in thickness. If a raft foundation is selected, it should be
designed for a maximum subgrade modulus value of 100 pci (pounds per cubic inch), unless
addition soil testing is performed.
Alternatively, a separate ribbon wall footing'and floating floor slab may be considered. The
footings should be embedded a minimum of 18 inches and made at least 16 inches wide and 8
inches thick, with tied steel reinforcement. The floor slab can be designed for the same subgrade
modulus value. In the past, foundations so designed are relatively economical and perform
satisfactorily given the assumed loading range. However, the mechanical loads associated with
machinery vibrations will likely require thickened foundations. All prepared foundations should
be inspected by a qualified engineer prior to pouring the concrete footings.
A detailed settlement evaluation has not been performed, nor have laboratory consolidation tests
been performed. A majority of the subsurface is relatively sandy, which would make sampling
for laboratory testing difficult. Given the complexity and cost of obtaining field settlement data, -
e.g. via an instrumented test fill, the relatively slight chance of damaging settlements for a
building of this size and foundation load does not justify a field settlement test. A properly
designed and constructed structural foundation with the assumed loads should not experience
excessive settlement, providing that the recommended subgrade repairs are performed and good
construction practice is observed.
As a precaution, the structural area can be surcharged equivalent to the anticipated foundation
loads and leaving it there for at least 30 days. This could be accomplished by placing compacted
embankment to a 30-foot thickness (assumed, compacted unit weight of 100 pcf), then removing
the excess soil and shaping the pad to the desired grades. The excess soil can be used ,elsewhere
to construct the perimeter berm. Sucharging structural foundations is a common practice in with
settlement sensitive structures. However, it may prove more economical to design the pump
building with a `raft' type foundation, to reduce its sensitivity to settlement.
Closing
We appreciate the opportunity to work with you. Please contact us at your earliest convenience
if you have any questions, or if we may be of further service.
Sincerely,
G. N. Richardson & Associates, Inc.
v
G. David , P.G.
incipal, Senior. Geologist
L
11rengg . Richardson, Ph.D., P.E.
President, Senior Engineer
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report
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Table 1
Ground Water Level Summary
Mountaire Farms of North Carolina
New Wastewater Lagoon
Boring
Total Depth
Stick Up
DTW
DTW
Number
(feet)
(feet)
10/9/97
10/23/97
B-1
8.0
2.00
9.75
9.9
B-2
7.6
2.35
dry
dry
B-3
7.6
5.75
12.16
12.21
B-4
7.8
4.70
12.11
12.05
B-5
6.0
1.00
6.78
6.62
B-6
6.5
0.75
7.46
6.89
B-7
5.0
2.55
dry
dry
B-8
6.0
1.50
dry
7.55
All measurements referenced from top of piezometer casing.
All depths in feet.
Subtract the piezometer stick up from depth -to -water values to determine actual
water table depth below the ground surface.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report Page 7

Table 2
Hand Auger Boring Data Summary
Depth Description
0-16" Tan, slightly silty F-M sand, no cohesion. SW
16-24" same; slightly stiffer, slightly moist
24-36" Tan -orange silty F-M sand; trace clay; SM.
36-42" Decreasing clay; mottling.
42-96" Lighter color; aeolian sand; moist; increasing moisture with depth, more clay at 96".
M.
Depth Description
0-14" Brown loamy sand, topsoil.
14-20" Tan w/ brown streaks, slightly silty F-M sand; SW.
20-48" Tan -orange clayey silty F-M sand; occasional mottling; SM-SC; slightly moist.
48-60" Tan -yellow mottled slightly clayey silty F-M sand; SM; more moist.
60-72" same; clay content decreasing;'more mottling (light tan).
72-78" distinctly mottled, very moist F-M sand w/ dispersed clay; SW.
B-3
Depth Description .
0-12" Firm grey slightly silty sand; SW-SM.
12-24" same; buff color; slight mottling.
24-30" same; slightly siltier, trace clay.
30-36" Firm tan -light orange mottled slightly clayey silty fine sand; somewhat sticky;, slightly
moist.
36-42" Tan -orange slightly clayey silty sand; SM-ML; more moist at 42".
48-54" same; less clay; slight iron mottling.
54-60" Firm slightly clayey silty fine sand
60-78" Wet clay, heavy mottled; saturated; plastic; SC,-CL; coarse sand at 78"; gleyed matrix.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report Page 8

B-4
Depth Description
0-12 Tan slightly silty F sand; SW.
12-36" Tan -brown silty F sand; SM; change to orange, slightly moist.
36-48" Yellow slightly silty slightly mottled F-M sand; slightly moist; SW-SM.
48-54" Orange -yellow slightly clayey silty F-M sand; SM; moist.
54-72" Stiff tan -orange mottled silty F-M sand; increasing coarse sand; moist.
72-84" Pink -grey clayey F-C sand; stiff; very moist; SW -SC.
84-90" Tan -grey -yellow -orange mottled silty F-C sand w/ clay balls; very moist.
B-5
Depth —
Description
0-15"
Black sandy loam; slightly clayey silty sand; SW-SM.
15-30
same; moist; increasing clay content.
30-36
same; moist; more mottling; silty sand.
36-48
Light gray tan w/ tan mottles.
48-54"
Coarse grain sand, stiffer.
54-72"
SC; coarse clayey sand; wet.
B-6
Depth Description
0-6" Brown' fine sand; nominal topsoil.
6=20" Tan -orange brown slightly silt to silty F=M sand; SW-SM.
20-48" Dark brown silty fine sand; SM; slightly clayey; partially decayed organics; slightly
moist; heavy iron / manganese oxide stain.
48-78" Dark gray slightly clayey silty F-M sand; very moist to wet; silt & clay content
decreases below 60"; SM.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report Page 9

B-7
5
Depth Description
0-12" Brown topsoil (3" ); Tan slightly silty F-M sand.
12-18" Dark brown organic sand w/ roots.
18-48" Light gray slightly silty F-M sand; very moist to wet; SW.
48-60" same; trace clay
B-8
Depth Description
0-15" 2" brown topsoil; tan -orange to tan brown slightly silty fine sand; slightly moist at 12"
15-28 Dark brown organic sand w/ roots; increasing gley; moist w/ clay balls at 21 "; more
clay at 24"
28-36" Brown silty clayey sand; very moist.
36-66" Tan -orange silty fine sand; some clay; mottling, more clay, and moist at 54"; wet at
66".
All hand augers were fitted with temporary standpipe piezometers and backfilled with soil cuttings.
The piezometers consist of 2 inch diameter PVC pipe, with approximately 2.5 foot -long slotted screen
intervals. Slip couplings (not cemented) were used to assemble the piezometers.
Each piezometer was painted with a black reference mark at the rim and a slip-on cap.
The water levels in the piezometers should be measured periodically to verify fluctuations of water levels
due to season and climatic changes.
The piezometers can be removed by simply pulling them out of the ground prior to construction.
CABE Associates - Mountaire Farms of NC October 1997
Wastewater Lagoon Site Investigation Report Page 10

Mo.untal"re Farms Inc.
Wastewater Spray Irrigation System Expansion
PART A: Ahalyis of'Existing Site
PART B: Soil Scientis"t's Report -
for
Mountaike Farms Inc.
Lumber Bridge, NC Facility
OSBO
1015
C -AfORTVA C
By Dennis.j. Osborne, Ph.D.
Licensed Professional -Soil Scientist 1015
August,15, 1997

i 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART A: ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SITE
A:- Wastewater Characterization
B: Soil Evaluation
C: Loading Rate Evaluation
(1) Hydraulic Loading
TABLE 1. Infiltration Rates by Surface Soil Texture
FIGURE l.. Drainage TImes to Field Capacity
(2) Weather. Data
(3) Organic Loading
TABLE 2. .-Sprayfield Water Balance
PART B: SOIL. -SCIENTIST'S REPORT
Introduction'
Methods
Findings: Site
FIGURE 1. Topographic Map of Sites
FIGURE 2a. Soil Survey of "Spanish Tract"
FIGURE 2b. Soil Survey of Fields "D'" and
FIGURE 3a. Portion of Map Sheet 2.; USDA Soil Map
,FIGURE 3b. Portion of Map Sheet 5, USDA Soil Map
Findings: General
Findings: .Soils
SOIL SERIES DESCRIPTIONS:
Goldsboro Soil Series
Lakeland Soil Series
Norfolk Soil Series
Pocalla Soil,'Series
Wagram Soil Series

A-1 .
Soil Science Services; Inc.
1 711•East Whitaker Mill Road
Raleigh,,,NC 27608
Email: ROCO intrex:net
Phone: [phone]'66
Mountaire Farms Inc..
Wastewater 'Sp ray Irrigation. System Expansion
PART,A:' ANALYSIS OF EXISTING -SITE
Utilizing soil and plants, in concert to remove .nutrients,
dissolved chemical and soluble'or suspended organic material from
wastewater and renovate wastewater for groundwater or surface- water .
recharge is a viable and often.superior alternative t6,,'echanical
1 biological waste treatment systems. followed by stream'discharge.
Accomplishing.soi-l-based, wastewater renovation requires analysis'of
several loading factors, all of which. must be considered in the
successful operation of any system utilizing wastewater irrigation.
for final wastewater'dispo.sal- These 'loading factors"are usually,
classified as follows:
A) Hydraulic Loading
B) Organic Loading
C) Nutrient Loading
D) Salt, Loading
E)'., Specific Toxic Elements
N
These loading factors are interdependent in soils,, plants, and
=wastewaters and -must be considered separately for each major s"oil
plant'variable„within the sprayfield area.

A-2
`
A. Wastewater Characterization
The following analyses'are'the-results of wastewater quality ..
determinations. for typical
Mountaire'�wastewater treated. in a
..wastewater treatment .:plant
and facultative ,� ` lagoon ;'and' are
representative ,of .wastewater
quality.6upplied to",'. -the sprayfield.
Average Daily 'F-low
- 1-1114, 000,,. gal.
TKN
- < 60 mg/L..
NO3'-N
- < .. :0: 1 'mg/L
MiCN
_ 14'..5 mg/L -
-BOD
- 215 mg/L
COD
_ 120 mg/L ;
TSS
_ 60'.mg/L.
P
_ . 16, mg/L
R
_ 48 mg/L
Ph
- 7.2 mg/L
Na
- < 100:'mg/L
B: Soil Evaluation
The soils on the site are-Lakeland;'Norfolk,,Poc.alla;:-Wagram,
and Wakulla Loamy ,Sands, forested and. cleared. These - oils are
similar in characteristics and properties.-and,they can be4.treated
as one soil unit in terms of system application design rates.'
evaluation .factors• critical
to design loading are summarized as:,
follows:'.
.,1

A-3.
Predominant Soil.,orders -- Inceptisols and Ultisols
Drainage.Clas's Well to Excessively Well Drained
Soil Texture:
Surface: Loamy Sand
Subsoil: Sandy -Loam
Permeability (Subsoil) -�in./fir. 0.6 - 2.0
,Infiltration Rate -,in./hr. 0.7 - 1.5
Water Lost at 0.3 bar' 23.5%
More detailed soil.profile descriptions of .soils on the.site
are included in'an accompanying soil evaluation report.
C,: Loading Rate Evaluation
J _
`- 1. Hydraulic Loading
Several factors' must be considered in evaluating the
adequacy of the.hydraulic'loading design of any -soil -plant system.'
These ,factors are listed as follows:
A) Application Rate
B) Application Volume
C) Application Interval
D) Seasonal Variability.
(A) The application rate or the instantaneous rate of
water applied during,irrigation; usually expressed as inches per
hour, is a critical. factor 'in the day-to-day operation of a
successful land.treatment .system. This rate must not exceed the
soil's capacity to accePt water without'runoff or ponding for' -more
than .a few hours. For preliminary design purposes, Table 1 is

A-4
w" often used to indicate, typical infiltration rates for various soil
textures and slope conditions. These rates have been estimated by
experienced soil scientists and irrigation engineers from soil
texture and soil porosity evaluations in the field in conjunction
with slope and vegetative conditions.
Texture
J
Class
1
TI
ITT
IV
V
VI
Table 1
'rypical. ranges of coil lnf.i.lt.ratlmn rates
lty snll t:ext:ure and :,lope
Baf3Ic Infi.1tratlon Rate��
Slope
0-3% 3-'97.. 9+%
-------------- I n / It r------ ------
Sancla and fine nands I.O.J.
T.oamy Banda 0.7-1.5
Sandy loama 6 fine
sandy .looms
0.5-1.0
Very fine sandy
1.'oams, silt: l.oarns
0.3-0.7
Sandy cl a'y l.oams
and silty clay looms
0.2-0.4
Clays and silty clays
0.1-0.2
0. 7+
0.5-1.0
0.4-0.7
0.2-0.5
0.15-0;25
0.1-0.15
0.5+
0.4-0.7
0.3-0.5
0.15-0.3
0.1-0.15
<0.1
Source: Sprinkler Trrigation Ae'sociatlon, Sprinkler Trrigntlon (1969).
1�For good vegetative cover, thcBe races may be 25-50X greater. For }toor
_�' surface soli condl tuns, rates may I)e as much as 50V leas.

A-5
The soil. variables considered on this site all fall within
Class II of Table 1 and indicate that ''the site should tolerate
average application rates up to 1.5 in./hr. throughout the field
areas.
Other factors to be considered in hydraulic loading include
irrigation volumes and intervals between irrigations plus seasonal
variability of application. The seasonal variability is based on
the assumption that the soil is well drained or modified to act as
a well drained soil through artificial drainage. Anything less
will result in periods of the year when the soil profile is almost
entirely saturated with rainfall and cannot accept any additional
load. These periods of time are reflected in the, drainage
classification shown as follows:
Drainage Estimated Periods of
Class Soil Saturation
Well Drained Extremely Short Periods
Moderately.Well Drained 0.5 - 1-1/2'Months/Yr.
Somewhat Poorly Drained 2-3 Months/Yr.
Poorly Drained 4-5 Months/Yr.
Very Poorly Drained > 5 Months/Yr.
All areas within the sprayfield should act as if they were well
drained soils.
The factors of hydraulic loading determining irrigation
volumes and intervals or resting time between irrigation are
determined by soil, vegetation, and climatic condition at the site.

A-6
These factors were considered together in developing a water budget,
for the site using, the'standard equation:
Precipitation + Irrigation < Soil -Drainage + ET.+ Runoff
This approach was outlined in North Carolina Water Resources
Research Institute Report -118, by Carlile and Phillips and has been
used with excellent success in evaluation and design of various
,..wastewater irrigation systems throughout ,the Southeast.
The precipitation and evapotranspiration can be obtained from
records., but the soil drainage must be estimated or calculated. In
determining the drainage rate, -an estimate or measurement is made
as to the maximum amount of water that could be applied to the soil
to completely saturate the topsoil.. After saturation, the soil is
1 allowed.to drain until the drainage rate becomes small. Drainage
'from saturation to field capacity may take a day or less for sandy
soil or many days for finer textured soils. Figure 1 indicates'
the relative volumes and drainage times for various soils. In the
Mountaire Farms case, drainage' is controlled by a hydraulic
gradient on'th'e'gently sloping -to nearly level site.. Although
soils'are rapidly permeable, wastewater cannot.drain as fast as it
can' leave the .surface..horizons.' This, is taken` into account by
constructing a water balance for'subsurface,horizons.
As a general case subsurface horizons direct the
redistribution-, of applied water; surface horizons' direct
infiltration of applied. water., Many spray irrigation systems 'have
been hydraulically overloaded because hydraulic loading rates were
determined for surface I horizons ° alone: Only if the surface and
subsurface horizons are the same texture' might this be acceptable.

TIME —DAYS
Figure 1.. Drainage. rates and volumes for -various soil materials.

A-7
After field capacity is reached, generally at least another 3
days should be allowed for the soil to re -aerate. Thus, the total
cycle will be composed of:
Irrigation'Time,+ Drainage Time + Re -aeration Time
The amount of water drained per cycle will.be the amount of water
lost from saturation to field capacity, i.e.:
H20/cycle = H2O @ saturation - H2O @ FC
The monthly drainage rate can then be determined as:
365 days/12 mo. X H2O/cycle = H2O drained/month
.days/cycle
In B-horizons the average amount .of water held between
saturation and field capacity in soils such as these has been
reported as 23.5% by,,volume. Thus, if one-half of A -horizon
thickness is saturated and allowed to drain to FC, the following
amount of water could drain:
7" X 0.235 = 1.65 inches of water
This will also be the drainage per cycle. Figure 1 indicates that
these A and B-horizons will drain to FC-in about 3.5 days. Thus,
drainage can now be determined as:
Irrigation Time 0.5 Days
Drainage Time 3.5 Days
Re-aeration"Time 3.0 Days
Total Cycle Time .7.0 Days
The monthly drainage rate would be:
365 days/12 mo. x 1.65 in./cycle = 7.17 inches/month
J
7.0 days/cycle

A-8
The other method of estimating drainage rate is that suggested
by'. EPA in its "Process Design Manual for Land 'Treatment. of
Municipal Wastewater".(EPA))-625/1-77.-008, 1981)'. By this method,
drainage rates "'are estimated at 4% to 10%'of soil permeability of
the most limiting layer. Using the minimum reported values of soil
permeability for -the limiting layer of these soils (0.6 in./hr.),
the minimum drainage rates can be estimated as:
0:6 . in'. /hr. x '24 hr. /day x 365',days/12 ' mo. x 4%: = 17.52 in. /mo."
As can be seen'; the North Carolina method is more conservative than
the EPA method, particularly when the EPA method is -calculated
using. the 4% level.
Using the value of 7.17 inches/cycle for,soil drainage,, a Mean
F1ow,WAter Budget Analysis ,can now be calculated (Table 2). The
potential evapotranspiration ( PET) .was taken from Hardy ',.s ":Weather
and Climate in -.North Carolina". Precipitation data was taken from
the"Weather and Climate in North Carolina" by Epperson, et.al. ,
citing Red Springs, North Carolina data.
Using the PET and the estimated drainage rate, the total loss
of,water from the soil -can be.calculated,(.Column 3). .Subtracting
the precipitation from -'this loss gives the allowable irrigation
(Column 5). (Note: allowable irrigation can never -be negative.).
The mean monthly irrigation rate is then calculated and used to
determine wetted area requirement.
Since. in some months the allowable irrigation, rate will .be
less than.the design rate some storage capacity must be provided..
This capacity is -calculated by subtracting the allowable irrigation
(Column. 5) from the mean rate and getting a monthly storage

A 9..
requirement
These monthly requirements.
are then'
accumulated. to. determine'the maximum storage -quirem'ent";during the
ge requirement'
year (Column, _-7). The,, volume, -of. storage is then determined by
multiplying the maximum value in the cumulativi e storage column by
the,'aiea 'requirement for the i'
rrigatibn field.
Since.'--limi ; te d field data are a ila b le, on ','thi site,
..considerations basedone.x eridnc'e, with imilar sites were also
used. These considerations, should be examined more closely because
of'the,following:
A. -Drainage Rat'
-Drainage Time
The :time, required for, .a soiltodrain from saturation ,to
field capacity was measured on soil cores collected as part of a
research project in the Soil Science. ID epartment, North Carolina
Stat'e,'Universiiyo'''Data'wer6 collected in the laboratbryf not the
The data haVe,been,wid6ly accep'ted'as valid and'standard,
however.
B)' Sustained Drainage
In calcuilating.the drainage rate it is -assumed that this
drainage', rate,, can be, sustained even after, the site begins '' to
receive the additional irrigation load;
C) Re -aeration Time
The monthly, ',drainage' rate is'- a function of the re-
aeratilbn time,.. required,, to satisfy the'., organic -loading rate.
Consequently, the organic rate and the hydraulic loading rate must
be.,de.veloped,ih parallel.

A-10
2,. Weather Data'
The average.values of PET were,.used because PET.does not
vary as markedly as precipitation",f.rom year to year.' However, it
is a bit more difficultto select a design year for precipitation
values. The wettest year in'20 years (or some -other time period)
,will give a conservative estimate of monthly irrigation rate but.it,.
will not assure that the storage`requirement is adequate,. This is
because the volume -,of -'storage required will depend on both total
precipitation and distribution of the precipitation. Table 2 was
calculated using data for the long term -average.,
Date in, Table, 2 shows that irrigation amounts could range from
4.50 to 7.85 acre inches per acre per month on these 'soils with a
mean value 'of 6•.07 in. /mo. At a design. flow of 1,114, 000, GPD and
r' a 7 day week, the required acreage would.be:
1,114,000,g/d X 365.days/12 mo.. 205.59 acres
27,152:4 gal./ac.. in: 6.07 in./mo.
This would be the minimum.land requirement if maximum storage of
the wastewater was provided. Maximum storage .can -be, calculated
from Column 7 of Table.2 as:
5.77 in. X 205.59 ac. = 1186.3 ac. in. = 98.85 ac-ft
This represents about'a 29.day storage requirement for -the liquid
wastewater if the minimum land area of 205.59 acres 'was used for
the irrigation. The volume can be reduced by increasing,the land
area used for irrigation, or by more exact area -to volume matching.

A-11
3. Organic Loading
When wastes are applied to the soll, it is important that the
soil environment remain aerobic to 1) permit rapid decomposition
and stabilization of the wastes; 2) prevent the development of
objectionable odors; and 3) prevent partial sealing of the soil
that occurs under anaerobic conditions. To maintain these aerobic.
conditions,, the oxygen utilized by the diffusion of oxygen from the
air above the soil into the soil pores.
Since oxygen diffuses much faster through air than through
water (about 10,000 times faster) it is obvious that diffusion of
oxygen into a soil will depend on the water content of the soil.
As a soil dries out, more . and more of the 'soil pores are filled
r
with air and consequently, oxygen diffusion, into the soil
increases.
North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute Report 118
by Carlile and Phillips describes equations that have been
developed to estimate the diffusion rate of oxygen into soils. By
substituting appropriate values in the equations one can develop
the following expressions:
M = 1556
where M = pounds of 02 diffusing into one acre of
soil per day
S = fraction of the soil volume filled with air
(air filled porosity)
We already know from the previous section that the soils on
the site lose water equal to an average of 23.-5% of their volume
r J when draining from saturation to field capacity. Thus, S at field
capacity is .235 and the corresponding oxygen diffusion rate is:

A-12
M = 1556 1 0235
M 754.29 lb. 02/ac./day
Studies have shown -that' about 120 - 150 ib 02/ac.day are
required to meet the needs of plant roots and soil microorganisms
under normal conditions, Thus,, approximately 604:,,,lbs. 02/ac,./day
is available to -meet the oxygen demand of the, applied wastes.
From the hydraulic loading cycle,.one can calculate the amount
of oxygen that,,can diffuse into,:the soil.during the cycle. Using
the conservative approach that 02 transfers only take place during
the 3,days of re -aeration, then this allows 02 per cycle to be
calculated as:
3 days X 60.4 lb. 02/d ='1812 lb. 02/cycle/ac.
,Since each hydraulic cycle -.is proposed as 7.0 days-, the allowable
1
TOD loadings would be:
7 days/wk. X 1812 'lb. 02/cycle/ac. 1812 lb.,TOD/ac.'/wk.
7.0 days/cycle
Utilizing COD and nitrogen'oxygen demand (140D) to estimate total
oxygen' -demand (TOD) of the wastewater where BOD5 is assumed -equal
to TOD:
TOD COD + 4.56,(TKN) Note: BOD5 and TKN values are from,Page 2.)
or,
TOD = 120 + 4.56 (50) 348 mg/1-, the assumed BOD5-
Using this value,'.the total TOD,pr`oduction-can be -calculated ass
348 1 10-6 lb TOD X 8.34 lb X 1,114,000 gal X.7 days = 22,632 lb TOD
lb H20' gal. H2O day wk. wk.

A-13
and a rate'of application calculated as,:
22,632 lb. TOD/wk. 12.14 ac..required;..
.812 lb. TOD/wk./ac
;Under proper management and soil -conditions, organic loading at
these concentrations and loadings should not be .a limiting factor.
Nutrient Loadings
Nitrogen Loading Rate. A suitable N.loading rate can'only be
determined with some prior knowledge of the availability of the,N
in the. wastewater. The organic .nitrogen in wastes is not',
immediately available for crop -uptake but becomes somewhat -slowly
available. -as soil microorganisms decompose the wastes... Total 'of'
all nitrogen sources on Page 2 shown nitrogen content-to'be less
than 0.05 percent.
-
Agood soil testing program. .is always necessary to
%
substantiate the availability of nutrients as assumed here and to
make adjustments if they are not adequate. However, it does appear
that the present. calculated wastewater applications will not supply
All needed nutrients for' -any -crops.
Salt Loadings
The effect of salts .on soil -plant systems are dependent' on the
chemical characteristics of. the applied water; the physical,.
chemical and mineral properties,of the soil; and the salt tolerance
,or physiological characteristics -of the growing plant.

A-14
When considering chemical properties of a potential„irrigation•
water, twoprincipal factors .are bf.concern for application to a-
soil -plant system:.
A) The salinity or ,total .salt 'content of 'the water.
B) The'ratio of sodium to other cations in solution.
Salinity may ,effect plants by' 1), osmotic pressure, .2) ionic
interference, and 3) toxicity.of chemical species. High salt water
or wastewater applied to land will raise the osmotic -pressure of
the' ,soil' solution and lower the gradient: in osmotic, potential
between soil solution and root. cells. The net -result is less water
uptakeby the -,plan at equivalent soil moisture contents. The
visible -effects 'are reductions' in; both' growth. rate and total plant
size with subsequent reduction in both quality, and yield. Salt
affected -plants do not respond to applied_ fertilizers which further,
adds ;to the osmotic potential of the soil solution.' and thus
aggravates the.salinity effects.
Specific conductivities of. less than 1.8-2 mmho/cm and Na of
<100',mg/ 1., 'should create little or no: -Problem in terms of . salinity,

TABLE
2., SPRAYFIELD
WATER'BALANCE
WASTEWATER
SPRAY IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
MOUNTAIRE
FARMS,INC.; ROBESON COUNTY,'NC
(1)
(2)
(3)•
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
'POTENTIAL
TOTAL
ALLOWABLE'
CHANGE IN CUMULATIVE
MONTH
ET
DRAINAGE
LOSS
"PPT
IRRIGATION
STORAGE
STORAGE
['(1)+(2)]
[(3)-(4)]
[Mean-(5)]
Jan.
0.93
7.17
7.98
3.60
4.50
1.57
3.69
Feb.
1.40
7.17
8.45
3.71
4.86
1.21
.4.90
Mar.
2. 17
7. 17
9.22
A, 14
5.20
.0-.87-
5.77
Apr.
3.30
7.17
10.35
-3..09
7.38
-1.31
4.46
May
A 34
7.17
11.39
3.66
7.85
-1.'78
2.68
June
4.80-
7.17
11.50
4.76
.7.21
-1.14
1.54
'silg
4.65
7.17
11.70
-5:26
6.56
-.49
1.05
tiug.
4:03
7.17
11.08
4.50
6.70'
-.63
. 4 2
Sept.'
3.30
7.17
10.35
4.31
6:16
-.09
.33
Oct.
1.86
7:17
8.`91
2.63.
6•.40
-:33
0.00
Nov.
1.20
7.17
8.25
2.88
5.49
.58
.58
Dec.
0.62
7.17
7.67
3.26
4.53
1.54
2.12
TOTAL
45.80/yr
7.2.84/yr
MEAN
6.07/mo
_' 1.40A&

Mountaire Farms Inc.
Wastewater Spray Irrigation.System Expansion
PART B: Soil Scientist's Report
of
Soils and Site Review
of
Wastewater Irrigation System -for Mountaire'Farms Inc.
Lumber Bridge, NC Facility
By Dennis a. Osborne, Ph.D.
Licensed Professional Soil Scientist 1015

B-1
PART B: Soil Scientist's Report
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to describe the results of a
field review of soils and sites to -be utilized as wastewater spray.
irrigation fields. The areas will become part of a poultry
processing unit operated by Mountaire, Farms Inc. The .areas 'used as
sprayfields are north
and west of the plant, near Lumber Bridge, Robeson County, NC.
This document was prepared at the request of the engineering
firm designing the wastewater system upgrade for Mountaire Farms
Inc., and is for the use of Mountaire Farms and. its engineer as
they develop and consider operating options for the facility.
Methods
Dennis J. Osborne, Ph.D.,
Licensed Professional Soil
Scientist, conducted a soil survey and site evaluation of the tract
during August 12-13, 1997.
In general the work entailed a detailed review of the site to
accomplish three objectives: (1), Evaluate soil conditions, (2)
Determine if the soil conditions were acceptable for permitting for
spray irrigation waste systems, and (3) Present.resdlts of such an
investigation so the results could be used as part of a Permit
Application if such an application.were needed.
On -foot transects and traverses were performed to cover all
the proposed sprayfield areas. Along these transects and traverses

B-2
On -foot transects and traverses were performed to.cover.all
the proposed sprayfield,areas. Along these transects and traverses
hand auger borings were advanced to examine soil properties and
field -classify the soils. Field classification. was accomplished by
comparing field descriptions with the range of characteristics of
typifying pedons of each Soil Series as given in'the'USDA-SCS "Soil
Survey of Robeson County, NC" and as given in standard Series
Descriptions. These data were collated into the Soil Series
Descriptions attached'as part of this report.
A topographic map at a scale of 1:2000 entitled "Location Map"
by CABE Associates, Inc. was used for on -site location of general
areas to be evaluated (FIGURE 1). Further, the'soil survey was
superimposed on a property map' to enable examination of field -
determined soil boundaries. (FIGURES 2a and 2b). The- relevant
portions of Map Sheets 2 and 5 of the USDA Soil Survey of Robeson
County,. NC are included as FIGURES 3a and.'3b to offer a photobase.
Soils were examined in shallow pits and from hand samples
removed from corings 'made as hand auger samples were advanced.
Properties were 'noted and combined to produce Soil -Series
Descriptions. Descriptions, attached to this report are to be
considered modal or typical for the .tract. Properties noted to
classify soils to Series Level of Soil Taxonomy ,were depth to
seasonal high water table, estimated CEC; pH, soil color, 'texture,
structure and consistence, horizon development, slope,, and soil
depth.
Soils were found generally as shown on Figures 2a and 2b.
These maps are portions of a complete site map prepared by CABE.

B-3
Findings - Site
The 4 (four) areas evaluated are parts of a much larger parcel
owned Mountaire Farms Inc. near Lumber Bridge N.C.. The areas
evaluated comprise three areas proposed .for'sprayfield expansion
and one area previously used as a
sprayfield and now desired to be reopened for that purpose.
As indicated on Figures 2a and 2b,_ an old sprayfield area is
called "Field D"; expansion near Field G called "Field E"; and two
newly acquired areas near NCSR 170.4 called, the "Modlin Tract". The
Modlin Tract has about 114 sprayable acres out of about 300
total acres; the other two areas are much smaller.
J
Findings - General
Figures 1 ai%d 2, attached, show the general location and soils
of the relevant landholdings of Mountaire Farms Inc., in Robeson
County, NC. The sprayfield .areas are west of NC. 71, -immediately
north of Mountaire Farms, Inc., south of NCSR 1704, and due west of
the NCSR 1749_intersection with NC 71 near the plant entrance.
The entire -tract 'exists on -the Coharie geomorphic surface,
elevated about 200 feet above'Sea Level. The tract drains to the
southwest, to Big Marsh Swamp. Figure 1 clearly shows this
relationship, and shows the relationship of the tract to nearby
county lines and dwellings. Overall slope on the tract is less
than 6_percent,.but minor areas of steeper slope exist at the edge
of drainageways.

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B-4
NORFOLK Soil Series
The 'Norfolk series consists of very deep, well drained,
moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy marine sediments
of the Coastal Plains. These upland soils have slopes ranging
from O,to 10 percent. Near the type location the mean annual
temperature is 62 degrees F.,*and'the mean annual precipitation
is approximately 49 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine -loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanaiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Norfolk loamy sand --cultivated. (Colors are for
moist soil unless otherwise stated.),
Ap -O to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand;
weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable;'few fine
and medium roots; some darker -colored material in. old root
channels; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches
thick)
E--9 to 14 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy
sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable;, few fine and
medium roots; some darker -colored material in old root channels;
1 strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 17 -inches; yellowish, brown (10YR 5/6) sandy
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine
and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--17 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (1.OYR 5/6) sandy clay
loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many
fine and medium pores; few faint clay films on faces of, peds;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 58 in yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay
loam; few fine faint soft masses of 'iron accumulation of strong
brown, pale brown, and yellowish red; weak medium subangular
blocky structure; friable; few. faint clay films on faces of
peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt4--58 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay
loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) 'soft masses
pf iron accumulation, pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light brownish
gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; weak medium subangular blocky
structure;.. friable;, few firm yellowish red plinthite nodules;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt
horizon is 40 to more than 60 inches)
f� BC--70 to 82 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6),
_J strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay.

B-5
NORFOLK Soil Series, continued
loam; weak medium subangular blocky ' structure;. friable,;
approximately 5 percent firm, brittle nodules of plinthite;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (.7 to 15 inches thick)
C--82 to 100 inches; mottled red (2.5YR 4/8), strong brown
(7.5'YR 5/8), brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)', and gray (10YR.5/1)
sandy clay loam; massive; friable; strongly acid.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60
inches. Few to about 5 percent small rounded siliceous pebbles
are on the surface and throughout the soil in some pedons. A
few fine or medium rounded ironstone pebbles are present in some
pedons. Reaction is strongly acid to extremely acid, _except
where limed. Mottles, associated with seasonal wetness, -range
from about 48 to 72 inches below the surface.
The A or Ap horizon _has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, . value -of 4 to 7,
and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture commonly is loamy sand, sandy
loam, fine. sandy loam,: or loamy fine sand, and less commonly
fine sand or sand.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and
chroma of 2 to 6. Texture commonly is loamy sand, sandy loam,
fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand, and less commonly fine sand
or sand.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of
4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is sandy loam or fine
sandy loam.'
The'Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 through 8,
and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is mainly sandy clay loam but
includes sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or clay, loam. In some
pedons, the Bt horizon below 40 inches includes layers,of sandy
clay or clay textures. The lower Bt horizon is commonly
mottled. Iron depletions that have chroma of 2..or less are at
depths of 4 to 6 feet.
The -BC horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of
4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 8 or it is mottled with these colors.
Texture is ;sandy loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay
loam; sandy clay or clay. In some pedons, this horizon contains
firm, brittle, strong brown to or nodules -of plinthite, but 'no
horizon within 60 inches of the surface has as much as 5 percent
plinthite.
The'C horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR to 5Y, value of
-. 4 to 8, and chroma of 1 to 8 or is mottled with these colors.
Texture is commonly sandy but it ranges to clay in some pedons.

B-6
NORFOLK Soil Series, continued
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Orangeburg series in the same
family and the Addielou, Allen, Avilla, Bama, Bonneau, Etowah,
Holston, Leesburg,.Minvale, Nella, Noboco, Octavia, Pikeville,
Ruston, and Smithdale series in closely related families.
Bonneau and Addielou soils are in an arenic subgroup. Allen,
Bama, Etowah,- Nella,.Orangeburg and Ruston soils have all or
some part of. the Bt horizon in hue of 5YR or redder. Avilla,
Holston, Leesburg, Minvale, and Pikeville soils have coarse
fragments that exceed 10 percent in all or some part. of the
solum. Noboco soils have low chroma mottles associated with
wetness at depths of 30 to 48 inches. Octavia soils'have,more
than 35 percent.clay in the lower Bt horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Norfolk soils are on nearly level to gently
sloping uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. The soil
formed in medium to moderately fine textured Coastal Plain
sediments.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing,
Bonneau, Noboco and Orangeburg series, these include Aycock,
Butters, Caroline, Craven, Duplin,,- Exum, Faceville,-Forestone,
Goldsboro, Marlboro, Lakeland, Lynchburg, Rains, and Pantego
' series. Aycock and Exum soils have a fine -silty particle -size
i class. Butters 'and Foreston soils have a coarse -loamy,
particle -size class: Caroline, Craven, Faceville, and Marlboro
soils have a clayey particle -size class. In addition, Caroline
and Craven soils have mixed mineralogy and Faceville and
Marlboro soils are kaolinitic. The moderately well drained
Goldsboro, somewhat poorly drained Lynchburg, poorly drained
Rains, and very poorly. drained Pantego soils are in the same
landscape as the Norfolk soils but are in lower positions on the
landscape. Lakeland soils have sandy textures that exceeds 80
inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff;
moderate permeability. -These soils have a seasonally -apparent
water table at depthsof 4.0 to 6.0 feet.
ADDITIONAL DATA: (1) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil
Survey Laboratory Data and Descriptions for Some Soils of
Georgia, North and South Carolina. Soil Survey Investigations
Report'No. 16; SCS, in,cooperation with Georgia; North Carolina,
and South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Stations;.Pages 65,
671,.69. (2) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Certain Properties
of Selected Southeastern United States Soils and Mineralogical
Procedures for Their Study, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin
61 (S-14); Soil Conservation Service, Agricultural Research
Service and cooperating.Experiment Stations; tables 64, 67, 68.
(3) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Selected Coastal Plain Soil
Properties,Southern Cooperative Service and cooperating
Experiment Stations; pages 40, 42, 44, 46.

B-7
POCALLA Soil Series
The Pocalla series consists 'of very deep, somewhat excessively
drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in sandy and
loamy sediments on marine terraces. The soils are on nearly
level or. gently sloping ,low ridges on Coastal Plain. Slopes
range from 0 to 6 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic
Paleudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Pocalla sand --cultivated. (Colors are for -moist
soil.)
Ap--O to-8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sand; weak
medium granular structure; loose; common fine roots; moderately
acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to,9 inches thick)
E--8 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak
medium granular structure; loose; few fine roots; moderately
acid; clear smooth boundary. (13 to 23 inches thick) .
Bt--23 to 36 inches; yellowish brown-(IOYR 5/6) sandy loam;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine
Jroots; few fine pores; sand .grains coated and bridged with clay;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary._ (6 to 15 inches thick).
E'--36 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy sand;
single grained; loose;' few fine roots; few fine pores; common
medium, sized pockets of pale brown (10YR 6/3) uncoated sand
grains; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 24 inches
thick)
Btvl--46 to 60 inches; yellowish brown' (10YR 5/6) sandy
clay loam; common medium yellowish red (5YR 5/8), strong brown
(7.5YR 5/6), and pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; weak medium
subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine
pores; common medium nodules of plinthite ( about 10 percent) ;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick)
.Btv2--60 to 72 inches; mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),
strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish red (5YR. 5/8), and gray
(10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; common fine pores;. common medium nodules of
plinthite (about 15 percent); very strongly acid. .
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 72 to more than 80-
inches. The soil ranges from very strongly acid to neutral in
the A horizon and is very strongly acid -or strongly acid
throughout the rest of the profile. Nodules of plinthite range
from common to many in the Btv horizon.

POCALLA Soil Series, continued
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10-YR or 2.5Y, value of-*4 or 5,.
and chroma of 2. 'It is sand, loamy sand, . fine sand, or. loamy
fine sand.
The.E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of,3
to 8. It is sand, loamy sand, fine sand; or loamy fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 4 to 8. -It is sandy loam.
The E' horizon or the B/E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y,-value
of 5 to 8,.and chroma of 2 to B. It is sand or loamy sand.
The Btv horizon commonly is mottled in shades of yellow, brown,
red, or gray. Some pedons have a matrix with hue of 7.5YR or
10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8 with mottles in
shades of red, brown, yellow;'or gray. The Btv horizon is sandy'
loam or sandy clay loam with more than 5 percent nodules of
plinthite.
COMPETING SERIES: These are,_the Doucette, Lilbert, and Stilson
series in the same family, plus the Blanton, Bonneau,.Brogdon,
Eustis, Fuquay, Kenansville, Lucy, Troup, and Wagram series in
similar families. Bonneau, Doucette,. Fuquay, Kenansville,
Lilbert, Lucy, Stilson, and Wagram soils are not bisequal.
Blanton and Troup soils are grossarenic. Brogdon soils have A
and E horizons less than 20 inches thick. Eustis soils have a
sandy particle -size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pocalla soils are on nearly level or gently
sloping low ridges. Slope gradients are 0 to 6 percent.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are. the similar and
competing Blanton, Bonneau, Brogdon, Eustis, Fuquay, Lucy, and
Wagram series plus the Dothan, Goldsboro, Lakeland, Lynchburg,
and Norfolk series. Dothan, Norfolk, Goldsboro, and Lynchburg
soils have a fine -loamy particle -size control section.. Lakeland
soils are sandy throughout and do not have an argillic horizon•.
DRAINAGE AND -PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained; slow
runoff. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper subsoil
and -moderate in the lower subsoil. These soils may have a
perched water table primarily during winter and early spring.

B-9
WAGRAM Soil.Series
The Wagram series consists of very, deep, well drained,
moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy marine sediments
on Coastal Plain uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent.
Near the -type location,
temperature annual
labout precipitation62 degrees F 49 inches
and the mean annualtem P
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Arenic Kandiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Wagram loamy sand --cultivated field. (Colors are
for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--O to 8 inches; grayish brown (JOYR 5/2) loamy sand; single
grained; very friable; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6
to 10 inches 'thick)
E--8 to 24 inches; pale brown J10YR 6/3) loamy sand; single
grained; loose; few thin horizontal bands of sandy loam;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (14 to 30 inches thick)
Bt1--24 to 27 inches; yellowish brown. (10YR 5/6), sandy loam; few
fine grayish brown mottles;. weak medium subangular blocky
structure; friable; some penetration of E material locally in
root channels; local areas that are brittle; strongly acid;
clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt2--27 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (JOYR 5/8) sandy clay
loam.; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly
sticky; few faint clay films in pores and on faces of peds;
strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--38 to 52 inches-; yellowish brown (JOYR 5/8) sandy clay
loam; common medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles;
weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable,
slightly sticky; few faint clay films o yfaces of peds; common
clean grains of coarse sand; strongly acid, gradual wavy
boundary.
Bt4--52 to 75 inches; yellowish brown (1uYx Div; 5ct,iuy I­14r
loam;
few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles and few
medium faint .pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; weak, medium and
coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; strongly acid;
gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt
horizon is 21 to more than 60 inches)
BC--75 to 82 inches; mottled yellowish brown (JOYR 5/6) and gray
(10YR 6/1), sandy loam; massive; few lenses and pockets of sandy
clay loam material; some gray areas contain very coarse sand
grains; very strongly acid.

B-10
WAGRAM Soil Series, continued
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60
inches. Soil is very strongly acid to moderately acid
throughout, unless it is limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue ' of
value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 0
fine sand, fine sand, or sand.
10YR, 2.5Y, or it is neutral,
to 4. it is loamy sand, loamy
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 2 to 4. it is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sand, or
fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and
chroma of 4-to 8. 'The texture is mainly sandy clay loam but
ranges to sandy loam. Distinct mottles of red, brown, or yellow
are common in the lower Bt horizon. Mottles in chroma of -two or
less are 60 inches or more below the surface. Some pedons
contain up to 5 percent plinthite,-by volume, in the lower part
of the Bt horizon.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and
chroma 1 to 8 or it is mottled. 'It is loamy soil material.
COMPETING SERIES: The Lucy series is the only other known
series in the same 'family. Similar series are Ailey,
Autryville, Blaney, Blanton, Bonneau,'Boykin', Briley, Candor,
Fuquay, Kenansville, Letney, Lowndes, Norfolk, Ocilla, Pocalla,
Rosalie, Trep and Wicksburg. Ailey and Blaney soils .have some
brittleness in some part of the Bt horizon. Autryville, Candor,
Lowndes and Pocalla soils have a bisequal profile. Bonneau and
Ocilla soils have mottles associated with wetness within 60
inches of the soil surface.- Boykin, Briley, Letney and Rosalie
soils do not have an even distribution of rainfall during the
growing season and the base saturation is mainly 25 to 35
percent. 'Blanton soils have sandy A horizons more than 40
inches thick. Fuquay soils have more than 5 percent, by volume,
plinthite in the Bt horizon within 60 inches of the surface.
Kenansville soils have thinner Bt.horizons. Lucy soils have Bt
horizon in hues redder than 7.5YR. ' Norfolk soils have sandy
surface layers less than 20 inches thick. Trep soils have
clayey lower Bt horizons. Wicksburg soils are clayey in the
control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wagram soils occur on broad nearly level to
gently sloping ridges and sloping to strongly sloping sideslopes
in the upper Coastal Plain upland. The soils formed in loamy
marine sediments. Slopes are dominantly- between 0 to 10 percent
but range to 15 percent. Wagram soils are on the high parts and
dry edges of the landscape.

B-11
WAGRAM Soil Series, continued
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing
Blanton, Lucy, Norfolk, Ocilla, and Pocalla series these are the
Goldsboro, Lynchburg-, Rains, and Troup series. Goldsboro,
Lynchburg, and Rains soils have thinner A horizons and are more
poorly drained. Troup soils have sandy A horizons more than 40
inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff; medium
internal drainage; moderately permeable.
This series includes soils previously classified as thick
surface phases of the Norfolk series and some previously
classified as moderately shallow phases of the Lakeland series.

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B-12
Findings - soils
Soils on the Coharie Surface formed from a mix of sandy and
loamy sediments.' Because of their nearness to, dissected relief,
most of the soils,are well- or�.excessively well -drained. This
means that seasonal high water tables (SHWT) in such soils are
deeperthan 'three feet beneath -land surface.. Farmers' -,have
historically sought these soils for agriculture 'and the drier -soils
have been ,cleared.. Wetter soils have been allowed to vegetate with
second growth woods. Areas of .old field border also exist in
woods, but generally are not of wet soils'
Soils proposed for.use as receivers of treated wastewater are
in the Goldsboro, Lakeland, Norfolk, Wagram, and Wakulla Soil
Series:" All these soils 'have thick sandy loam and loamy sand
.surfaces overlying B-Horizons (subsoils). The difference between
the soils is largely in clay content of the B-horizon and depth to
that -horizon.
Wagram., Norfolk, and Goldsboro soils have sandy clay loam
B-horizons at depths from about 17 inches beneath land surface in
Norfolk and Goldsboro soils to about 33 inches in Wagram soils.
Pocalla and Wakulla soils have lighter -textured B-horizons
of sandy loam or loamy sand at depths of about,24 inches beneath
land surface.
Depth td morphologically-inferred,;seasonal'high water table.
(SHWT) is -about 38 inches`' beneath land surface. Mottles
indicative of slowed water movement of course.occur at horizon
transitions but, are. not interpreted'-. as SHWT.. In 'Goldsboro

B-13
soils, SHWT is 26 to 30 inches beneath land surface, while in
Norfolk soils SHWT is deeper than 36 inches.
Soils have dark grayish brown surfaces ranging from 7 to 13
inches thick overlying E horizons of 5 to 11 inches thick.
These combine to form granular structured "topsoil".
Soils in all Series extend to about 60 inches beneath land
surface.' Subsoil horizons are weakly structured with subangular
blocky and granular peds.
No restrictive horizons in the sense of DHS terminology
occur. .However, because clay content is higher in subsoils than
in surface soils, all subsoils are more restrictive to downward
water movement here than are surface soils.
Because of this, hydraulic load should be applied'at no
i
more than 0.75 in/hour, at a rate determined'by rainfall and
water balance on a monthly basis.
The addition of wastewater to the site is not so readily
determined by a single number (the weekly average) as -it is by
the interaction of several values.
The weekly average presumes that evaporation and rainfall
occur as shown in the water balance, and statistically over very
long periods these variables do occur in such,a relationship.
Significant deviations can occur, as.was the case with the wet
Spring season in 1997, and the deviations mean that weekly or
monthly totals must be adjusted to compensate for excess
rainfall or decreased evaporation, and may be adjusted for
11decreased rainfall or increased evaporation.
l

B-14
The effect of variation in' evaporation is not as noticeable
as is the variation in rainfall, partly because few observers
separate cause and effect in these -two variables. Just because
it is very hot and dry in Robeson County in July, for example,
does -not mean that, wastewater can be put out in unlimited
quantities.
Usually soil drainage (water movement through the soil)
compensates for minor variations in evaporation except when the
ground is frozen or dry, and. on this site .soil. drainage is
rapid. The particular attention must be paid to,rainfall
and its variation from that projected in the water balance.
An accurate 'rain gauge should be used by the operator to
f for the, week or weeks immediately
record the total rainfall
before wastewater application is -planned. Relative to the
Precipitation and Allowable -Irrigation coiunui5 �L �_• -----
balance adjustments must be made to decrease application if
'weekly average for the month, and of course
rainfall exceeds the;
application can be increased if rainfall is less than the weekly
average. for. the month.
Because no one can know what will happen in the third week,
of a month -when application is being' made the first. week of a
month an operator is ,always "playing catch up",. For example,
each week of'1997's=Spring the operator would have to have held
wastewater rather thanspraying it out; and could have caught up
during the -excessively dry summer.
Ultimately the operator and'.operator experience and
ccess of the application procedure
adjustments determine the su

B-15
because spray irrigation is an agricultural operation subject to
whimsy of weather and crop:
Designers try to 'provide storage sufficient to hold the
volume represented as the statistically projected amount that
can reasonably be expected to need storage based on long-term
trends.
,As noted previously most systems can count on soil
drainage, as can this system. Is the storage sufficient? It
appears so based on acceptable practices, but the operator must
be striving to empty the lagoon in the dry season, knowing that
going into the wet season with,a full lagoon will be fatal to
system operation. Recent news reports showed that animal waste
systems which overflowed did so partly because the lagoons were
full of effluent at the start of the wet season. Reports didn't
disclose if the lagoons were too small to start with., if they
had insufficient storage, or if they just were not emptied
during the summer preceding the wet season.
Statewide the general trend is for an operator to pump,
wastewater until the wastewater ponds or runs off the field.
Here it will neither pond nor runoff quickly! To start the
system up, measure input the week before. Review rainfall
records the year before application is commenced. Accumulated
deviations plus or minus should be used to establish the first
loading, and all subsequent ones. Adjustments are possible as
the system operates and the operator gains experience.
If a request for higher loadings is made, the request
should based on evaluations of sprayfield performance with

B-16
regulated amounts of wastewater compared with rainfall. If
complaints are made that the field won't take the planned yearly
total, such complaints should be accompanied by records showing
amount applied in relation to rainfall. Obviously if it.rains
excessively the planned amount cannot be applied, and if this is
a continuing trend counter to long-term existing records on
which the system was planned, either more storage or more field
will be needed.
Doubtless the cumulative and weekly loadings are high
compared to the Piedmont, or compared to clay-subsoiled sites
elsewhere in the state. This is because the Mountaire site has
soils comprised principally of relatively deep sandy materials
overlying loams and sandy clay loams.
Such soil conditions may tempt the inexperienced to load
such sites at the rate that sands alone may pass water. This is
not acceptable.
The reason is that because of low hydraulic gradient,
applied- wastewater will initially mound beneath the soil
surfaces before redistribution occurs.
Because of this it is imperative that loadings be made with
wide between -event intervals. Such practice will allow the
rapid permeability of the soils to effect redistribution and re -
aeration.

B-17
SOIL SERIES DESCRIPTIONS
Soil Series Descriptions follow next and are included
to describe the major soils on the tract. While there are other
more limiting areas of very minor extent, those areas are not
planned for regular application, hence are not reviewed.

B-18
GOLDSBORO.Soil Series
The Goldsboro series consists of very deep, moderately
permeable, moderately well drained soils that formed in Coastal
Plain sediments. These soils are on uplands and have slopes
ranging from 0 to 10 percent. Near the type location, mean
annual temperature is about 62 degrees F, and mean annual
precipitation is about 48 inches.
TAXONOMIC. CLASS: Fine -loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Aquic
Paleudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Goldsboro loamy sand --cultivated. (Colors are
for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap -0 to 8 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand;
weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots;
moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10-inches thick)
E--8 to 12 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak
medium granular structure; very friable, many fine roots;
moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to,10 inches thick)
BE--12 to 15 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy loam;
weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky;
many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. -(0 to 12
inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)' sandy clay
loam; weak fine 'subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly
sticky, slightly plastic; common fine roots; sand -grains coated
and. bridged with clay; few faint clay films on faces of peds;
very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--25 to 45 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay
loam; common medium distinct -gray (10YR 5/1) and yellowish brown
(10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure;.
friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; sand
grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint clay films on
faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
(Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 12 to 72 inches)
Btg--45 to 65 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay loam;
common medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/6), and common .medium
distinct brownish yellow .(10YR 6/6) mottles; weak fine
subangular-blocky structure;.friable, slightly sticky, slightly
plastic.; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few faint
Clay films on faces. of peds; very strongly acid; gradual
irregular boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)
BCg--65 to 76 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam and strata,
of sandy clay loam, common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR
6/6) and common medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; weak fine

B-19
GOLDSSORO Soil Series, continued
subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly
plastic; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; very strongly
acid.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60
inches. Coarse fragments of small pebbles, gravel, and
concretions range up to about 5 percent in some pedons.
Reaction is strongly acid to extremely acid except where the
surface has been limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, or 2.5Y value of 2 -to 6,
and chroma of 1 to 4. Texture is loamy sand, loamy fine sand,
sandy loam, and fine sandy loam.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of
5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loamy sand, loamy fine
sand, sandy loam, and fine sandy loam.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of
5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is sandy loam or fine
sandy loam.
The upper Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7,
1 and :chroma of 3 to 8. The lower Bt horizon has colors similar
to those in the upper Bt, but also has mottles. with value of 4
or more and chroma of 1 or 2, and mottles of high contrast; or
it is mottled in these colors. Low chroma mottles indicative of
wetness are within a depth of 30 inches below the surface.
Texture is sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loam, or clay loam.
Content of silt in the control section is less than 30 percent.
Some pedons have lower Bt horizons that are clay or sandy clay.
The Btg horizon, where present, has hue.of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2 with common to many mottles of
high contrast. It has the same texture range as the Bt horizon.
The BCg horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value
of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2. Mottles of high contrast range
from common to many. Some pedons have a BC horizon which has
hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to .5.
Mottles with chroma of 2 or less and other high contrast mottles
range from common to many. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy
loam, sandy clay loam, or foam.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR, to 5Y, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 1 to 2 with few to many mottles of high contrast. It
is stratified sandy, loamy, and clayey.Coastal Plain sediments..
COMPETING SERIES: These are Izagora, Kullit, Quitman, and
Wrightsboro series. Izagora soils contain more than 30 percent
silt. Kullit soils have Bt horizons 'in hue of 5YR or redder.
Quitman soils are brittle and compact in about 10 to 20 percent

B-20
GOLDSBORO Soil'Series, continued
-soils have
of the Bt er Bt between r1 nand .2 W
rightsboro
2B or 2C horizonsmeters below the' su face clayey
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Goldsboro soils. are on broad interstream
divides. Slope iscommonly commonly 0 to 6 percent, but ranges from 0 to
10 percent. The
l formed in dominantly f mediumsdated texture. stratified
Coastal Plain sediments
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include Bonneau, Duplin,
Exum, Foreston, Lynchburg, Nobocco, Norfolk, Ocilla, Orangeburg,
Pantego, Rains, and Wagram series.
are betters drained c and rfoson
Orangeburg, and Wagram soils
landscape positions that are slightly higher or nearer to
drainageways. Duplin, Exum, Foreston, and Ocilla are in similar
landscape positions to Goldsboro. Lynchburg,,Pantego, and Rains
soils are more poorly drained and are in positions that are
slightly lower or further from drainageways. Bonneau, Ocilla,
and Wagram soils have sandy A horizons 20' to 40 inches thick.
Also Bonneau and Wagram soils lack gray mottles within 30 inches
of the surface. Duplin soils are clayey, Exum soil's are
fine -silty, and Foreston soils are coarse -loamy. Lynchburg
olk
nd Oran
soils are somewhat
ained. poorly Pant go drained.ssoils arefveryapoorly drainsoilsburg
are well drained. drained and
�.
Rains soils are poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; slow to
medium runoff; moderate permeability.

AGRONOMIST'S,REPORT
FOR
MOUNTAIRE•FARMS INC
LUMBER 'BRIDGE, NC,,.FACILITY
SMALL GRAIN PRODUCTION GUIDE FOR COVER CROPS' ON BERMUDAGRASS
'AND
.-COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS GUIDE
By Dennis J..Osborne, Ph.D.
Licensed Professional Soil Scientist 1015
August 15, 1997
< �.. a :.w�.ni,i sir, 1'"•% :'.: ^� � � . �N� A ��• .0 ��
fit;`' �';, , ... I••y i9•.....: •.. 1j�
,, r� • ;:vl;:�.:�t�%% •'� ; ENNIS J. 0: Q.��ihE ' � '
CERTIFIED PROFESSIO' Gj t
%% SOIL SCIENTIST
yo
FNORTH GpC�

'Field -Selection
Soil Drainage
Although.production-is concentrated in'the coastal plain and
piedmont areas, small grains- are grown throughout North Carolina.
Small grains can be produced :on a. wide range ',Of soil types and
conditions'. but are best suited.. to deep, well -drained soils
Waterlogged or flooded fields impair'root development;, nutrient
uptake, growth, and final .yield. If the crop has to be planted in
poorly drained soil, rye and triticale 'usually grow better -than
wheat, barley,,. -,or oats..:.
Soil Texture
The best soil textures for. small grains range from sandy loams
to clay, loams'. ' Sandy soils do not have the yield potential of loam
soils, especially during seasons with drought or moisture stress.
However, wheat grown on sandy .soils has a tendency to be .more
responsive to intensive management. practices.., To. improve and
maintain soil structure, use proper erosion -control techniques and
crop residue management.

-2-
Production Problems
Sandy and Fine -Textured Soils
An extended, period -of 'low moisture or low temperatures
following seeding, may lead to poor and uneven
germination.
Until a good ground cover is established by the small
grain crop, •wind erosion may occur. The use of field
wind breaks helps reduce wind erosion problems.
Sandy soils'usually.require more nitrogen and -potassium
to obtain good yields.
Clay Loams and Clays
If I seedbed, preparation is poor, resulting in shallow;
uneven planting and poorly covered seed, ,heaving or
,spewing of -the small grain can occur.
Shallowly planted seeds may develop roots near the
surface, which increases the possibility of injury when
the.soil freezes; with recurrent freezing' and thawing,
plants with A --few short roots will,-beforced,(heaved or
spewed) out of the soils and stay on the surface to die.
This condition is found mostly in the piedmont because of
the shrink -swell capacity of'some-soils.
Timely and uniform small grain establishment offers
significant erosion control when soils are sloping and
erodible.

- 3'-
Other problems common to all areas include ruts, compaction;
and traffic hardpans, especially.in. light-colored.sandy soils of
the coastal plain; occasional. herbicide carry overs, and pH and
nutrient..deficiencies
Seedbed Preparation and'Tillagd.
Poor seedbed preparation is' commonly. associated with poor
stands and low yields. Conventionally tilled seedbeds for small
grains should be relatively smooth. and. firm with a.- minimum of
previous crop residues.. This ideal seedbed makes it easy to
achieve a uniform, shallow seeding depth.with.good seed coverage.'
A good seedbed will aid germination and root development.
Many kinds of equipment can be used to prepare good seedbeds
for small.grains. These include plows (chisel or moldboard); disks
(tandem or finishing); spring -tine cultivators; harrows; and drags
{cultivators or cultimulchers). The type of. soil and its
condition, previous .crop residues, and equipment available
determine the method and number of operations needed to prepare an
adequate seedbed,.. Seeding is.usually done by drilling, although
broadcasting without soil incorporation or overseeding into a
standing corp sometimes results .i:n acceptable stand establishment.
Seedbeds are prepared by using conventional, minimum; or no
till practices. Conventional tillage uses a combination of
cultivating' equipment. Fields with excess vegetation require
conventional tillage, including plowing. Minimum tillage is simply
�` diskng,once or twice followed by planting.

-4-
Deep tillage, chiseling, or bottom plowing will help to break
hardpans and turn under crop residue, which reduces the chance of
disease -and insect -problems. Deep tillage generally improves --".root
development and. increases nutrient -and water- availability,: ;
particularly in seasons. of. stress. "However, in some research
studies;., ,,the yield benefit from "chisel or :bottom. plowing does not
greatly exceed' -the extra -costs involved.
No -till small: grain seeding requires -a special drill.. "Several
makes and.models'of no=till drills -are now available. When using
the no -till method, several consideiations.are pertinent:
A. Can the drill achieve proper seeding depth and
coverage?.
B. What is the amount and type of -residue? ..
C., How will no-till'affect.the weed population?
D. There is a possibility -of increased incidence of
disease and.insect problems, such as scab,from
small grain residue or a'n'infestation of
Hessian fly.
E. No -till small, grains. may need more nitrogen.
F. ' With proper, management, small." grains planted" ri'o=till can
produce the same yields as' conventionally, planted small grains -with
less work"and less erosion. No -till small"grain.production' will
reduce fuel, machine, and labor .costs, but the costs of special
equipment and chemicals may offset the savings.

Rotation and Benefits
Planting .small grains" in the, same field each " year leads to -
increased disease and weed. problems and should not be done.
Instead, rotate'small.grains with forage.; 'This benefits both the
small grain-. and the other crops in rotation. Small grain crops ,
help to, control' erosion,- reduce the possibility of residual
nitrogen moving to groundwater,, and reduce pest damage to. other
crops in 'the rotation.
An example.,:.of a good two-year rotation 'is . small; grains,
(particularly wheat) double -cropped with soybeans, followed ,by corn
the next spring and wheat .again, in''the fall. Certain forage crops
can also`be a part of a rotation or can be seeded,as a companion
crop, with small grains.1
soil .Fertility Management
General:.Fertilizer Recommendations
General fertilizer suggestions (in 'the absence of soil test'
information) have ,been developed from a„ `review of thousands.; of
small grain soil tests compiled from the -North Carolina Department
of Agriculture's soil test .summaries. The -summaries in the . coastal"
plains suggest that from 200 to 250 -pounds per acre of ,3-9-18
fertilizer, or its' equival.ent,,should be applied at.planting time.
Additional nitrogen arid`.potash may be needed. Usually,, "30' to ,50
pounds _of nitrogen per acre at planting and 80 to 100 pounds of
potash .per acre, are sufficient.

-6-
'SRecific Nutrient Recommendations
Nitrogen
Topdressing should be done. -between mid -February and mid -March.
The suggested rates for topdressing-(including nitrogen applied at
planting.) .are given in the ';Table below:
Split applications of nitrogen at topdressingltime have in
some cases reduced severity of diseases and lodging and have
increased yields. Apply one-half.bf the nitrogen in February and
the remaining on in March. The success of this practice has
not been consistent and depends`heavily'on varietal response,, soil
type, and weather. Split applications of'nitrogen are more likely
to"be effective in the coastal plains on sandy soils than in the
piedmont on heavy, clayey soils.
Some varieties of small grains respond to higher 'rates of
nitrogen than'those suggested in the Page 6 Table. In general,
small grains require the following pounds of nitrogen to .produce a
bushel of grain: wheat and rye - 2.0 andtriticale'-1.5 and

_7_
oats - 1.2, However, be'prepared to control•diseases and lodging
by .using seed treatments and/or,-,foliar fungicides and growth.,
regulator for the appropriate ,crops. (See Extension Service
publication AG-419-10,-Keys to'Intensive Wheat Management), for more,
information.) Where small- grains will b'e 'grazed, apply nitrogen at
a higher rate .(140 pounds -per acre) in a split application.
..Reduce the.amount of nitrogen topdressing i'f,the small grain '
follows peanuts and soybeans. Residues from these .crops may',,supply
as much as 40 and 30 pounds per acre,.respectively., to thd,�small
grain. Using this•manageme'nt technique can decrease production
costs.
Several satisfactory sources •or nitrogen are available for
topdres'sing small grains,such as nitrogen solutions; ammonium
nitrate, , ammonium sulfate,, 'and urea. Also check during the growing
.season, for levels of sulfur, copper-, and.manganese.2
Weed Manaaement
Weeds .in small grains.may reduce yield .and quality. A.weed
management program,should'include'l) planting grain free, of weed'
seed and. garlic; 2) using good, seedbed, preparation and proper
fertilization,, 3)' -seeding,,.at the, proper time and rate,', 4) planting
in narrow rows, and 5) applying herbicides when needed. Following
good management practices minimizes the effects of weeds in small
'grain ,production. One of the best tools for suppressing' weeds in
small grains is, a, -healthy, vigorous crop.., Shallow •tillage •before
seeding will often kill giBrminati.ng.weed seeds .and. existing plants.
," If weeds germinate later, consider using'an herbicide.

ME
Competing weeds are mostly winter annuals that germinate in.
the fall or 'early .winter .and perennials' such as wild garlic and
curly. dock. Winter annuals include 'broadleaf ,weeds and annual
(Italian) ryegrass. Many of these'weeds'f.ound in -small grains are
described and pictured in Extension -.Service publication.-AG-108,
Identifying Seedling and Mature Weeds "Common. in the -Southeastern
­United.States.
Herbicides
Herbicide selection depends -:upon the.specific weed problem,
the small grain involved.'(since the different small grains vary"in
their tolerance to -different herbicides), and time'of application.-
Generally, the combination of.Banvel plus 2,4-D amine will control
a greater number of `different winter annual 'broadleaf weeds than 2,
4.-D alone. This, 'Combination may. .be tank mixed by, the grower."„
Hoelon -and Harmony Extra are, also available for use on."small
grains Hoelon controls 'ryegrass"in-wheat, and, barley but does not
control -broadleaf weeds. Harmony Extra,controls wild garlic and
broadleaf'weeds.'
Repeated use of Hoelon in certain North.Carolina locations has
resulted- 'in' resistant annual ryegrass 'populations,'. -Repeated
applications over'a period of time may selectively control the
...susceptible, plants and leave only the resistant plants.. -This
selection processtakes more than 4- years, perhaps `as many. as 7
years..
To .reduce 'the.'potential for developing resistant plants, , apply .
Hoelon,in.alternate years. In fields,'with confirmed resistant

-9
ryegrass, do not use Hoelon or other herbicides (Poast, Fusilade
2000, Assure II) of the same mode of action f or at least four
years.
References/Footnotes
(1) Jarrett, R.E. and Naderman, G.C. 1992. Small Grain
Production Guide. NC AG.-EXT. SER. Pub # AG-419-12.
(2) Jarrett,. R. E.a nd Baird, J.V. 1994. Soil Fertility
Management. IN Small Grains 1994. NC AG. EXT. SER. Pub # AG-464.
(3) Lewis, W.N:., Worsham, A.D., and Jarrett, R.E. Weed
Management. OP. Cit.

-10-
AGRONOMIST'S REPORT: COASTAL BERMUDAGRA5S GUIDE
FOR..
MOUNTAIRE FARMS INC:
LUMBER BRIDGE; NC
Introduction
A well -established healthy cover crop'. of Coastal'°'Bermudagrass
(Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.)'which is -referred to, in the following
as "Coastal" will be grown''and harvested on this site. Areas.
proposed for spray irrigation are generally'ridgecrests and,upper
sideslopes. The deep' sandy soil 'surfaces would likely present
drought problems to most.crops, but Coastal Bermudagrass has been
proven to be a good performer on such sites, removing nitrogen and
keeping cover on the soil.
Attached ' as 'an, appendix to this hay., guide :Is an unpublished
guide to forage nitrate content. This'is attached.because if sale
of -the hay is contemplated, hay testing for nitrates should be done
to ensure non -toxicity to animals,' and it is. difficult to locate
qualitative data ranges for comparison.

Hay Management'
j
Use a soil test -as &'guide for applying P, K and "lime. Each.
ton of dry bermuda.forage contains about 40 pounds of-N and'K20,
and 12. , pounds P205 .. Therefore, yields of 5 to 8 tons per acre —
require much fertilizer.. :Hybrid.bermudagrass responds well to ..
heavy fertilization. Marked yield. increases of hay have been
obtained from about 200 pounds N..per.acre per year (split'in`3 to
4.applicati6ns) on the deep'sandy soils of the Sand Hills of -North _
Carolina.` Additional, increases. have resulted -:from 300 to 400'
pounds'N-per acre per year (split'in 3 to 4-'applications) on the
less sandy soils of the upper,Coastal-Plain in (Table 1).
li;Il16 1 Y.}e:1(i, i'oi;cenL 'xuifu 11'roLuii;.. mid Ne:rce:nL AppurunL NiLroqun
lice:uvc:ry e;s Tnflue:ncL-d by ILiLu of NiLrul)uit Applical.iun
Iuu'I e;c;iLie;n:: in Nc;cta; (:i;rell illi).
Ilppar CnauLul Plain ----
Sanclhi'1`l's, 1O-Yer;r_Avcrul�u----__— (i_Yeuc_Ave:re;Ie: ----i-
- % iG
N," Ihs./A. Yi"elYl' Crude:,, AlyarunL, N Nie:ld CruAfu Appui;unL N
Annual 1 Trni:;%A Prn_Li:in--_-lii_r:uve_ey_Tmis/A F'cuLuin Iiue.uve:rY:=
0 0:`i6 8.0 0.52 8.13 -
100 f3; 8.0 - 11G 2 . G2 10. (i 85
4.99 12. ` 100 .
q00 b.:38 16.25 OY
1Nilacx
jai :Split in :3 ucp;al EgpliccLials.
;JcxuYx:: , W."W. Uxx' vus(a., dr.,. Nir(.I) (Liroli"].SUJW (i;ive;'5it:y.

­12-
The maximum practical rate.of N for. Coastal ,Bermudagrass hay-"
f~_l
production is probably 'around 300 pounds per"acre per ,year where
growing 'season., length and . climate are at' optimum " for the grass.
When using this quantity of N, for':average conditions of .P205,and
K20, requirements can be met. by one application' of 5GO to-'800
lbs/AC of 0-10=20 fertilizer.
The spray irrigation will supply much of the requirements most
farmers have to satisfy with fertilizer. Soil test results ''and
experience,suggest field°soil pH's of between 5.0 and 6.0 with P
and K indices from 4 to 40.
For proper hay quality, about 75 lbs. of N,.:90 lbs. of,P; and
240 lbs. K:are needed after -each hay.cutting. While 0.5 T/AC lime
is recommended,.probably an application of 3 T/AC initially will be
needed to bring fields to,regulatory pH level.
In general, lack of adequate K 'may produce the most, severe
problems, which include winter kill, low yield, and leafspot..
disease.
."Harvest'Management
The . general rule ,of thumb is. to cut bermudagrass at 4 ..to - 6
week intervals or when it.'is approximately 12 to 15 inches tall, ,
whichever, comes first. Once the forage is 12 to'15 inches tall, a
,delay of 2 weeks or. more can result in the loss of, regrowth as well .
as loss of quality of forage.. In .general, the wise manager will
have sufficient fields to allow accumulated growth to be harvested
in'the,form of hay when it reaches the desirable stage of growth.

-13-
Fall management is important in maintaining vigorous stands
I and preventing winter injury, particularly in the Piedmont.
Bermudagrass should reach the winter with 3 to 4 inches of growth
(no more is necessary) to serve as insulating against winter
damage. This growth should not be grazed or removed prior to -the
period of February 15 to March 1.
Early spring growth is encouraged by the removal of the dead
material from -the previous year. Cut and rake or burn the dead
material in February or march before sludge application.
To summarize the management practices for hybrid bermudagrass
hay production consider the following points:
(1) Soil test and apply. the necessary lime, to maintain pH
6.0.
(2) Nitrogen should be applied at -the time growth begins in
the spring (March/April) and after each harvest except
the last. Refer to Table 1 as- a guide for nitrogen to
obtain yield goals.
(3) All of the phosphorous and potash may be applied in the
spring. However, on deep sandy soils tine pvt�abll 5ilvu.-A
be split, 1/2 in the spring and 1/2 after the second
cutting, especially if the yield goals is above 5 tons
per acre.
(4) Burn old residue 2 to 3 weeks before bermuda breaks
dormancy to insure rapid spring growth.
(5) Make the - first cutting when plants reach 15 inches in
height and make cuttings every 4 to 6 weeks thereafter
depending upon the quality of feed needed.
I

Lot! v. vn1r Low
Extension Dairy Husbandry Specialist"
Drought can result ;in the accumtilAtion of toxic levels of nitrates -in''
formes,",espec,ially corn,. a sorghum; sudadFrass, millet, or other grasses. Feeding
high levels of nitrates can result in reduced feed- consumption, lowered pro-
duct ion, abortions and 'death.
'Drought, or other conditions which upset normal .plant growth,mlq cause..
nitrate accumulation. Pitratts move from the. soil into the plant "'and are
converted, to 'protein. The ;following conditions" can increase plant betake o.f'
nitrates and/or glow the conversion, to protein and result
'in high nitrate
concentrations:" :
l.-Drought - especially after rapid early growth. Accumulation is
-also large following: a "rain after a long .dry .period.
2. Excessive nitrate levels in the•soil -,high levels of nitrogen
fertilization,
3: Cloudiness, shade and, soil 'mineral .deficiencies. "
4. .Plant species and variety. Grasses are most susceptible.. Grains
and "legumes are low, .in nitrates.
Forages suspected of containing excessive amounts of nitrates should be
sent to a feed testing laboratory for analysis: Most forages
nitrates can. still -be used i.f properly formulated into the total ration.,
Specialists.at Penn State University use the guidelines in table l,,for proper
use of forages containing.various'levels of nitrates. Since nitrates are ,often
measured in different unite; both nitrate ion and nitrate nitrogen •levels are
shown.
Table 1= A. Guide to'Use of Feeds Containin Kitratesl
R I Content of Content•of
Nitrate,Ion 'Nitrate Nitrogen
(Dry Basis) (Dry Basis) __ Comment
Safe •levels if on .good feed
0-1000 ppm
=0.66q 0.1-0.15i Safe for nori-pregnant animals. - For'
C.44
or ptep;rtant "animals limit,'use,,ao SOi of the
1000-1500 pptrt total ration on.a"dry basig'-.
0.66-0.889� 0.15-0.20: Safely"fed .if limited to 507 of the total
or ration dry matter.
1500-2000 ppm
0.198-1.54T" 0.20-0.35� Limit,to 35-4n% of.the total ration dry
or matter. Ao not' us
for pregnant animals.
2000-3500,ppm
0.35-0:407, Limit, :to 25% vf."the total ration dry'matter,
1.54-1:76.,%
or Do not use for pregnant animals. .
: 3500-4000 ppm
over 1.76% Over 0.47. Thes a feeds are ',potentially toxic. Do not
feed.

-2-
Total nitrate intake,during a short period: is the Critical problem.
Forages which contain nitrates can be'used if properly b,anaged- 'Some guides"to
proper management are as follows'
1. Avoid harvesting drought -stricken forae;es for 3 to S days after
a -rain which breaks a dry period.
Z. Since nitrate are highest in the.,bottom.".part of -the -stalk,
c�,tting. 'high will leave a substantial; amount of nitrates .in the
field.
3. Chop the entire plant. to decrease -the selective,consumptivn of highly
concentrated.stalks.
!,. Mix the nitrate -co
ntaini:nt; forage With other feeds to dilute'the
nitrate concentration in the total ratjoh.
5.' Balance the animal`a',-ration.for proper amounts of energy, protein,
vitamins and minerals. tlrh energy rations reduce the likelihood .
of nitrogen toxicity.
6., Make- ration charges slowly an'd introduce nitrate -containing forages
very gradually over a 1 to'2 week period.
7. Ensilinp, the crop decreases the nitiate`concentration• Nitrates
are converted to I silo era's=41hich is tvxi.c to animals or {people if
inhaled: Caution .is advised: After 30 to.6(l,days, the nitrate level
ram.\ will drop to ahout half the .original amount.
S.Seek professional guidance from your'veterinaria' extension.
personnel or other consultants.
During iiroupht conditions,
forages may accumulate excessively high levels.
of. nitrates which can cause toxicity.." -Test suspect forages for nitrate curt
centrations. Follow accepted guidelines for -proper. -use wh nitrates are
present. Seek professional advice.

Drought Affected ioreges'ea:n. accumut.?ite. n1tr.ates:. The fiCDA farm feed' Testtn�: .
Lah �+itl- anal'gse [vr nitcaties [tep , .charge.. The EMl•tvving, tahles '.rrvvlrle. a
�--f
ions and 8v
1lo;:s the conersion -of nitrate from one,
gtifdel ine' for rtoblerit situat. ,
measure to.anvther.
Guide to 'Possible Safety of Forages wl•th Varying Nitrate .trontent..
Content, of
nitrate Iona - .. - •
Comment
(dry -matter bas"I•s)
.
0.0 to 0.4r+. C.vnslde,red safe to feed under al condIttons:
0.44 ao'0.66 Safe_,for nonl+regnant animals under-a11 cvndt-
t'tons •• 'For pregnant animal s ,: l imt t. ,to- 50x, vf..' _
th.e' tota.l.'dry matter. I'm the ration.
0:66 to 0._88 ltmlt to .50% of the total; dry mattes Ln'the:
ra.tlon:
0.88 to '1 .54, Llm.l.t to 35 to, h0% of t'lie .total' dry mat"ter in
the 'ration: Feeds With Moro ahan'0.88% n•l,tr_ate
ion slwuld..nvE .be usedfor, pregnant animals.
Hore,than'1:76 Feeds with more than 1.76V nitrate ton ar-e
pot ent.t-aI I tclxlc'.':' ,Dv note feed..
°Should b'e tempered by ni-trate and nitrite content,or' tlie water supply•
A total Intake of more ,than 30.'0 .vf nl t,rat* 'Ion per cwt bodywel , of
normal animals may result •In acute'tcx-lclty-'and posslble.death... Levels
of 8 to 22 g of 'nitrafe per cwt'bo.dywe.ight may, result' In'"acute;,toxIcIty
a if onlma'1s are under.going .a'chah,ge in,feed or,have,otherwtse Impaired
rumen metabvllsm. Nitrites may be §Ix to -`•eight times as toxic as
nitrates and are more apt-to.occur.t`n water. S110 gas is more often
Involved. in antmal-problems .than nitrates ear s@• Host problems of
toxicl ty result from, levels exceeOng 1$,
ractorsi .for converting.from one
deslgnatl.on to another (based.
f' on relative 'weights)
Molecular'or
Form . ion 1 c- we 1 gll't N hOz NO3 Kf103
Nitrate nitrogen
Nitrite .nitrogen 1:4 1 •t). 0.• j0 0.23 t 0.14
Hitr{tie : , . :46 3.3 . , • I.00 0.74 0.46
Nitrate 62 h.4 1.31,.
Sodium.altrate 85 6 1 i.85 1-31
0.84
Potassium nitrata 101 7.2 2.20 1 .63. 1.00
Examples: Percentage: 1:'0; nl'trate•.nit'rogin is'equlva:l'ent to.4.1�
nittote or 7..2xpots slum nitrate.
parts per mi-Illon: 1 ppm ootassl.um'=nitrat-e.is equivalent, to.
TOTAL F . 0

-14-
( 6 ) Harvest and package quality hay by making tight bales and
storing inside or on well -drained site outside (round
bales).
References
Mueller, J.P., Green; J.T., Chamblee, D.S., Burns, J.C.,
Goode, L., Baird; J.E., and Falter, J. 1981. Hybrid Bermudagrass.
Bull. # AG-265. N.0 Agr. Ext. Ser. Raleigh, NC.