20231121 Ver 1_PCN_NPT at Paddy Mtn_Attachments_20230810

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1 N T E R F A C E
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSULTING
August 7, 2023
RE: Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain - (Ashe County)
This package includes attachments pertinent to Pre -Construction Notification for proposed stream
crossings in Ashe County, NC. The property is owned by Blue Ridge Conservancy and is located
just north of West Jefferson, NC.
Please find the following materials included in this submission:
• Agent Authorization Form
• USFWS Biological Assessment with Attachments
• PJ D Form
• Jurisdictional Determination Map
• NC DWQ Stream ID Datasheets
• USGS Topo Maps
• NRCS Soil Map
• NWI Map
• FEMA Firmette
• JD Photosheets
• NC SHPO Map (HPO Web Mapper)
• Site Plan
If you have any questions, please reach out to me directly.
Sincerely,
Sarah Kilby
Interface Environmental Consulting, LLC.
828-773-5523

AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
PROPERTY LEGAL DESCRIPTION:
LOT NO. N/A PLAN NO. N/A
PARCEL ID(s): 19223002
STREET ADDRESS: West Jefferson, NC
Property Owner: Blue Ridge Conservancy
The undersigned, registered property owners of the above noted property, do hereby authorize
Carrie Caviness, PhD , of Interface Environmental Consulting, LLC
(Contractor/Agent) (Consulting Firm)
to act on my behalf and take all actions necessary for the processing, issuance and acceptance
of this permit or certification and any standard and special conditions attached.
Property Owner's Address (if different than property above):
PO BOX 568, BOONE, NC 28607
Telephone
828-264-2511
We hereby certify the above information submitted in this application is true and accurate to
the best of our knowledge.
A�
Authorized Signature:
Date: 8/7/2023

Biological Evaluation for Threatened and Endangered Species
Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain - Stream Crossings
West Jefferson, NC
Prepared by:
Sarah Kilby
[e-mail]
Interface Environmental Consulting, LLC
0
I N T E P F A C E
ENVIRONMENTAL
C O N S U LT I N G

Project Description
The site is forested with a mountainous topography which slopes steeply to the west. There
are three unnamed tributaries (UTs) on -site that drain east, ultimately to Little Buffalo Creek
(C;Tr+). The project site is located in the New River Basin - Upper North Fork New River
(HUC12: 050500010106). Adjacent land uses include the Town of West Jefferson to the south,
in addition to undeveloped forest and low density residential. One commercial property
borders the property to the north.
The project site is being developed as a recreational park including hiking trails for public
access. The trail will be approximately 3'-5' wide and the overall average trail grade or
steepness will be 5% or less. The trail design will incorporate the characteristics of a typical
rolling contour trail, with gentle grade, following the contours of the terrain. The trail is
designed to be slightly out sloped and utilize natural drainage opportunities such as grade
dips or grade reversals to gently shed water. Three stream crossings, designed as "Natural
Fords" will be placed for each of the UTs. No work will take place from within the stream if at
all possible. Construction will be timed and conducted in a manner that will not contribute
any additional sediment/erosion into the UTs. The "project site" consists of a 3.1 miles of
proposed trail (3'-5' width). Sustainable trail practice is proposed, designed by Nature Trails,
LLC, and no tree take over 3dh is proposed.
Biological Evaluation
A Biological Evaluation was completed at the location of the proposed stream crossings and
surrounding area for the proposed trail to assess potential impacts to species of concern
(Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, etc.) listed on the USFWS Species List at the project
location. A site visit was performed by Carrie Caviness, IEC, on July 7th, 2023. The project site
is forested with dominate species of rhododendron, maple, buckeye, oak, and magnolia. See
attached "Effect Determination Table" for a detailed Effect Determination of each species and
attached "photosheets" of the project site.
Conclusion
The proposed project will have minimal impacts to the stream and surrounding area. No tree
take over 3dbh is anticipated for this project. No tree take larger than 3 dbh with exfoliating
bark is proposed on the project site. No tree take with cracks, crevices, or cavities is proposed
on the project site. No road associated culvert, bridges, or structures were observed on the
project site. No caves or large boulders were observed within the project site. IEC was able to
determine "No Effect" for all species of concern listed by the USFWS Species List for the
project site.

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United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Ecological Services Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801-1082
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
In Reply Refer To:
Project Code: 2023-0084333
Project Name: Northern Peaks Trailhead at Paddy Mountain
May 22, 2023
Subject: List of threatened and endangered species that may occur in your proposed project
location or may be affected by your proposed project
To Whom It May Concern:
The enclosed species list identifies threatened, endangered, proposed and candidate species, as
well as proposed and designated critical habitat, that may occur within the boundary of your
proposed project and/or may be affected by your proposed project. The enclosed species list
fulfills the requirements of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) under section 7(c) of the
Endangered Species Act (Act) of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Please note that new species information can change your official species list. Under 50 CFR
402.12(e) of the regulations implementing section 7 of the Act, the accuracy of this species list
should be verified after 90 days. The Service recommends you visit the ECOS-IPaC website at
regular intervals during project planning and implementation to ensure your species list is
accurate or obtain an updated species list.
The purpose of the Act is to provide a means whereby threatened and endangered species and the
ecosystems upon which they depend may be conserved. Under sections 7(a)(1) and 7(a)(2) of the
Act and its implementing regulations (50 CFR 402 et seq.), Federal agencies are required to
utilize their authorities to carry out programs for the conservation of threatened and endangered
species and to determine whether projects may affect threatened and endangered species and/or
designated critical habitat.
A biological assessment (BA) or biological evaluation (BE) should be completed for your
project. A BA is required for major construction activities (or other undertakings having similar
physical impacts) considered to be Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the
human environment as defined in the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4332(2) (c))
(NEPA). For projects other than major construction activities, the Service suggests that a BE be
prepared to determine effects of the action and whether those effects may affect listed species
and/or designated critical habitat. E?ects of the action are all consequences to listed species or
critical habitat that are caused by the proposed action, including the consequences of other

05/22/2023
activities that are caused by the proposed action. A consequence is caused by the proposed action
if it is reasonably certain to occur and would not occur "but for" the proposed action..
Recommended contents of a BA/BE are described at 50 CFR 402.12. More information and
resources about project review and preparing a BA/BE can be found at the following web link:
https://www.fws. gov/office/asheville-ecological-services/asheville-field-office-online-review-
process-overview.
If a Federal agency determines listed species and/or designated critical habitat may be affected
by the proposed project, the agency is required to consult with the Service pursuant to 50 CFR
402. The Service is not required to concur with "no effect" determinations from Federal action
agencies. If consultation is required, the Service recommends that candidate species, proposed
species, proposed critical habitat, and at -risk species be addressed within the consultation. More
information on the regulations and procedures for section 7 consultation, including the role of
permit or licensed applicants, can be found in the "Endangered Species Consultation Handbook"
at the following web link: https://www.fws.gov/media/endangered-species-consultation-
handbook.
Migratory Birds: In addition to responsibilities to protect threatened and endangered species
under the Act, there are additional responsibilities under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)
and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) to protect native birds from project -
related impacts. Any activity, intentional or unintentional, resulting in take of migratory birds,
including eagles, is prohibited unless otherwise permitted by the Service (50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12
and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)). More information about MBTA and BGEPA can be found at the
following web link: https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds.
We appreciate your consideration of Federally listed species. The Service encourages Federal
agencies to include conservation of threatened and endangered species in their project planning
to further the purposes of the Act. Please contact our staff at 828-258-3939, if you have any
questions. In any future correspondence concerning this project, please reference the
Consultation Code which can be found in the header of this letter.
Attachment(s):
• Official Species List
• USFWS National Wildlife Refuges and Fish Hatcheries
• Migratory Birds
• Wetlands

05/22/2023
OFFICIAL SPECIES LIST
This list is provided pursuant to Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and fulfills the
requirement for Federal agencies to "request of the Secretary of the Interior information whether
any species which is listed or proposed to be listed may be present in the area of a proposed
action".
This species list is provided by:
Asheville Ecological Services Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801-1082
[phone]

05/22/2023
PROJECT SUMMARY
Project Code: 2023-0084333
Project Name: Northern Peaks Trailhead at Paddy Mountain
Project Type: Recreation - New Construction
Project Description: Recreation
Project Location:
The approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:
www.google.com/maps/@36.40673895,-81,50388479681634,14z
x
Counties: Ashe County, North Carolina
V
Jei

05/22/2023
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT SPECIES
There is a total of 9 threatened, endangered, or candidate species on this species list.
Species on this list should be considered in an effects analysis for your project and could include
species that exist in another geographic area. For example, certain fish may appear on the species
list because a project could affect downstream species.
IPaC does not display listed species or critical habitats under the sole jurisdiction of NOAA
Fisheriesi, as USFWS does not have the authority to speak on behalf of NOAA and the
Department of Commerce.
See the "Critical habitats" section below for those critical habitats that lie wholly or partially
within your project area under this office's jurisdiction. Please contact the designated FWS office
if you have questions.
1. NOAA Fisheries, also known as the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), is an
office of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration within the Department of
Commerce.
MAMMALS
NAME
S TATU S
Gray Bat Myotis grisescens
Endangered
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6329
Northern Long-eared Bat Myotis septentrionalis
Endangered
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9045
Tricolored Bat Perimyotis sub flavus
Proposed
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Endangered
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/10515
REPTILES
NAME
S TATU S
Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii
Similarity of
Population: U.S.A. (GA, NC, SC, TN, VA)
Appearance
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
(Threatened)
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6962

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4
INSECTS
NAME
Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/9743
FLOWERING PLANTS
NAME
Heller's Blazingstar Liatris helleri
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/5962
Roan Mountain Bluet Hedyotis purpurea var. montana
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1087
Swamp Pink Helonias bullata
Population:
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/4333
LICHENS
NAME
Rock Gnome Lichen Gymnoderma lineare
No critical habitat has been designated for this species.
Species profile: https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/3933
STATUS
Candidate
STATUS
Threatened
Endangered
Threatened
STATUS
Endangered
CRITICAL HABITATS
THERE ARE NO CRITICAL HABITATS WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA UNDER THIS OFFICE'S
JURISDICTION.
YOU ARE STILL REQUIRED TO DETERMINE IF YOUR PROJECT(S) MAY HAVE EFFECTS ON ALL
ABOVE LISTED SPECIES.

05/22/2023
USFWS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE LANDS
AND FISH HATCHERIES
Any activity proposed on lands managed by the National Wildlife Refuge system must undergo a
'Compatibility Determination' conducted by the Refuge. Please contact the individual Refuges to
discuss any questions or concerns.
THERE ARE NO REFUGE LANDS OR FISH HATCHERIES WITHIN YOUR PROJECT AREA.

05/22/2023
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Certain birds are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act! and the Bald and Golden Eagle
Protection Act2.
Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to
migratory birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider
implementing appropriate conservation measures, as described below.
1. The Migratory Birds Treater of 1918.
2. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of 1940.
3. 50 C.F.R. Sec. 10.12 and 16 U.S.C. Sec. 668(a)
The birds listed below are birds of particular concern either because they occur on the
USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) list or warrant special attention in your
project location. To learn more about the levels of concern for birds on your list and how this
list is generated, see the FAQ below. This is not a list of every bird you may find in this location,
nor a guarantee that every bird on this list will be found in your project area. To see exact
locations of where birders and the general public have sighted birds in and around your project
area, visit the E-bird data mapping tool (Tip: enter your location, desired date range and a species
on your list). For projects that occur off the Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing
the relative occurrence and abundance of bird species on your list are available. Links to
additional information about Atlantic Coast birds, and other important information about your
migratory bird list, including how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report, can be
found below.
For guidance on when to schedule activities or implement avoidance and minimization measures
to reduce impacts to migratory birds on your list, click on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE
SUMMARY at the top of your list to see when these birds are most likely to be present and
breeding in your project area.
BREEDING
NAME SEASON
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Breeds Sep 1 to
This is not a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) in this area, but warrants attention Aug 31
because of the Eagle Act or for potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types
of development or activities.
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis Breeds May 20
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA to Aug 10
and Alaska.

05/22/2023
NAME
BREEDING
SEASON
Cerulean Warbler Dendroica cerulea Breeds Apr 27
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA to Jul 20
and Alaska.
https:Hecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/2974
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Breeds Mar 15
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA to Aug 25
and Alaska.
Northern Saw -whet Owl Aegolius acadicus acadicus Breeds Mar 1 to
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird Conservation Regions Jul 31
(BCRs) in the continental USA
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Breeds May 10
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA to Sep 10
and Alaska.
Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus Breeds
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) only in particular Bird Conservation Regions elsewhere
(BCRs) in the continental USA
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina Breeds May 10
This is a Bird of Conservation Concern (BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA to Aug 31
and Alaska.
PROBABILITY OF PRESENCE SUMMARY
The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be
present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project
activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understand the
FAQ "Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report" before using or attempting
to interpret this report.
Probability of Presence (■)
Each green bar represents the bird's relative probability of presence in the 10km grid cell(s) your
project overlaps during a particular week of the year. (A year is represented as 12 4-week
months.) A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species presence. The survey effort (see
below) can be used to establish a level of confidence in the presence score. One can have higher
confidence in the presence score if the corresponding survey effort is also high.
How is the probability of presence score calculated? The calculation is done in three steps:
1. The probability of presence for each week is calculated as the number of survey events in
the week where the species was detected divided by the total number of survey events for
that week. For example, if in week 12 there were 20 survey events and the Spotted Towhee
was found in 5 of them, the probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is
0.25.

05/22/2023
2. To properly present the pattern of presence across the year, the relative probability of
presence is calculated. This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum
probability of presence across all weeks. For example, imagine the probability of presence
in week 20 for the Spotted Towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12
(0.25) is the maximum of any week of the year. The relative probability of presence on
week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 0.05/0.25 = 0.2.
3. The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical
conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive. This is the
probability of presence score.
Breeding Season( )
Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time -frame inside which the bird breeds across
its entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project
area.
Survey Effort (1)
Vertical black lines superimposed on probability of presence bars indicate the number of surveys
performed for that species in the 10km grid cell(s) your project area overlaps. The number of
surveys is expressed as a range, for example, 33 to 64 surveys.
No Data (—)
A week is marked as having no data if there were no survey events for that week.
Survey Timeframe
Surveys from only the last 10 years are used in order to ensure delivery of currently relevant
information. The exception to this is areas off the Atlantic coast, where bird returns are based on
all years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse.
probability of presence breeding season I survey effort — no data
SPECIES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Bald Eagle 1�11 11�1 1111 1�1� 6000 NONE 001i ■■ Jill
Jill
Jill
Jill
Non-BCC
Vulnerable
Canada Warbler ' RP "� Jill 11—
'BCC Rangewide ++++ —++— +��+ —+++ ++++ —++ +--- ---+ ---+
(CON)
Cerulean Warbler ' Rill 1111 am
++++++— +��+++ +
BCC Rangewide + +—+ —+++ +------+--+
(CON)
Chimney Swift """""""111-4-
`
BCC Rangewide
++++ —++— + F-4- —111 +--- ---+ � 4.
(CON)

05/22/2023 4
Northern Saw -whet PINE MENE EF
Owl ++++ —++-1111 +++ ++++ ++—+ ++++ +­+ —+++ --- -- ---+ ---1
BCC - BCR IMMM mmrm NONE N'
Red-headed
Woodpecker ++++ —++— 4 ­ 4- ­++' + ++ ++—+ ++++ +-- 4-4- ---+ ---+
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Rusty Blackbird ++++++— +++'+ ++++ ++�+ ++++ +�—+ —+++ +--- ---+ ---+
BCC-BCR
Wood Thrush ++ + �+— �+ �+'111111ll +­+ —+
BCC Rangewide
(CON)
Additional information can be found using the following links:
• Birds of Conservation Concern https://www.fws.gov/program/migratory-birds/species
• Measures for avoiding and minimizing impacts to birds https://www.fws.gov/library/
collections/avoidin g-and-minimizing-incidental-take-migratory-birds
• Nationwide conservation measures for birds https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/
documents/nationwide-standard-conservation-measures.
MIGRATORY BIRDS FAQ
Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts
to migratory birds.
Nationwide Conservation Measures describes measures that can help avoid and minimize
impacts to all birds at any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly
important when birds are most likely to occur in the project area. When birds may be breeding in
the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and avoiding their destruction is a very
helpful impact minimization measure. To see when birds are most likely to occur and be breeding
in your project area, view the Probability of Presence Summary. Additional measures or permits
may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of
infrastructure or bird species present on your project site.
What does IPaC use to generate the list of migratory birds that potentially occur in my
specified location?
The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised of USFWS Birds of Conservation Concern
(BCQ and other species that may warrant special attention in your project location.
The migratory bird list generated for your project is derived from data provided by the Avian
Knowledge Network (AKN). The AKN data is based on a growing collection of survey, banding_,
and citizen science datasets and is queried and filtered to return a list of those birds reported as
occurring in the 10km grid cell(s) which your project intersects, and that have been identified as
warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that area, an eagle (Eagle Act
requirements may apply), or a species that has a particular vulnerability to offshore activities or
development.

05/22/2023
Again, the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your
project area. It is not representative of all birds that may occur in your project area. To get a list
of all birds potentially present in your project area, please visit the Rapid Avian Information
Locator (RAIL) Tool.
What does IPaC use to generate the probability of presence graphs for the migratory birds
potentially occurring in my specified location?
The probability of presence graphs associated with your migratory bird list are based on data
provided by the Avian Knowledge Network (AKN). This data is derived from a growing
collection of survey, banding, and citizen science datasets.
Probability of presence data is continuously being updated as new and better information
becomes available. To learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced and
how to interpret them, go the Probability of Presence Summary and then click on the "Tell me
about these graphs" link.
How do I know if a bird is breeding, wintering or migrating in my area?
To see what part of a particular bird's range your project area falls within (i.e. breeding,
wintering, migrating or year-round), you may query your location using the RAIL Tool and look
at the range maps provided for birds in your area at the bottom of the profiles provided for each
bird in your results. If a bird on your migratory bird species list has a breeding season associated
with it, if that bird does occur in your project area, there may be nests present at some point
within the timeframe specified. If "Breeds elsewhere" is indicated, then the bird likely does not
breed in your project area.
What are the levels of concern for migratory birds?
Migratory birds delivered through IPaC fall into the following distinct categories of concern:
1. "BCC Rangewide" birds are Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC) that are of concern
throughout their range anywhere within the USA (including Hawaii, the Pacific Islands,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands);
2. "BCC - BCR" birds are BCCs that are of concern only in particular Bird Conservation
Regions (BCRs) in the continental USA; and
3. "Non -BCC - Vulnerable" birds are not BCC species in your project area, but appear on
your list either because of the Eagle Act requirements (for eagles) or (for non -eagles)
potential susceptibilities in offshore areas from certain types of development or activities
(e.g. offshore energy development or longline fishing).
Although it is important to try to avoid and minimize impacts to all birds, efforts should be made,
in particular, to avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC
species of rangewide concern. For more information on conservation measures you can
implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird impacts and requirements for eagles,
please see the FAQs for these topics.
Details about birds that are potentially affected by offshore projects
For additional details about the relative occurrence and abundance of both individual bird species
and groups of bird species within your project area off the Atlantic Coast, please visit the
Northeast Ocean Data Portal. The Portal also offers data and information about other taxa besides

05/22/2023
birds that may be helpful to you in your project review. Alternately, you may download the bird
model results files underlying the portal maps through the NOAA NCCOS Integrative Statistical
Modeling and Predictive Mapping of Marine Bird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic
Outer Continental Shelf project webpage.
Bird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrence and habitat use
throughout the year, including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this
information. For additional information on marine bird tracking data, see the Diving Bird Study
and the nanotag studies or contact Caleb Spiegel or Pam Loring.
What if I have eagles on my list?
If your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles, you may need to obtain a permit to avoid
violating the Eagle Act should such impacts occur.
Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report
The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of
birds of priority concern. To learn more about how your list is generated, and see options for
identifying what other birds may be in your project area, please see the FAQ "What does IPaC
use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location". Please be
aware this report provides the "probability of presence" of birds within the 10 km grid cell(s) that
overlap your project; not your exact project footprint. On the graphs provided, please also look
carefully at the survey effort (indicated by the black vertical bar) and for the existence of the "no
data" indicator (a red horizontal bar). A high survey effort is the key component. If the survey
effort is high, then the probability of presence score can be viewed as more dependable. In
contrast, a low survey effort bar or no data bar means a lack of data and, therefore, a lack of
certainty about presence of the species. This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for
identifying what birds of concern have the potential to be in your project area, when they might
be there, and if they might be breeding (which means nests might be present). The list helps you
know what to look for to confirm presence, and helps guide you in knowing when to implement
conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts from your project activities,
should presence be confirmed. To learn more about conservation measures, visit the FAQ "Tell
me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory
birds" at the bottom of your migratory bird trust resources page.

05/22/2023
WETLANDS
Impacts to NWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section
404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/Federal statutes.
For more information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers District.
Please note that the NWI data being shown may be out of date. We are currently working to
update our NWI data set. We recommend you verify these results with a site visit to determine
the actual extent of wetlands on site.
RIVERINE
• R4SBC

05/22/2023
IPAC USER CONTACT INFORMATION
Agency: Interface Environmental Consulting, LLC
Name: Sarah Duke
Address: 476 Hidden Pond
City: Boone
State: NC
Zip: 28607
Email [e-mail]
Phone: [phone]

United States Department of the Interior
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
Asheville Ecological Services Field Office
160 Zillicoa Street
Asheville, NC 28801-1082
Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
In Reply Refer To:
Project code: 2023-0084333
Project Name: Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain
August 07, 2023
Subject: Consistency letter for the 'Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain' project under the
amended February 5, 2018, FHWA, FRA, FTA Programmatic Biological Opinion
(dated March 23, 2023) for Transportation Projects within the Range of the Indiana
Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat (NLEB).
To whom it may concern:
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has received your request dated August 07, 2023 to
verify that the Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain (Proposed Action) may rely on the
amended February 5, 2018, FHWA, FRA, FTA Programmatic Biological Opinion Opinion (dated
March 23, 2023) for Transportation Projects within the Range of the Indiana Bat and Northern
Long-eared Bat (PBO) to satisfy requirements under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species
Act of 1973 (ESA) (87 Stat.884, as amended; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
Based on the information you provided (Project Description shown below), you have determined
that the Proposed Action will have no effect on the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) or
the endangered northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). If the Proposed Action is not
modified, no consultation is required for these two species. If the Proposed Action is modified,
or new information reveals that it may affect the Indiana bat and/or northern long-eared bat in a
manner or to an extent not considered in the PBO, further review to conclude the requirements of
ESA section 7(a)(2) may be required.
For Proposed Actions that include bridge/culvert or structure removal, replacement, and/or
maintenance activities: If your initial bridge/culvert or structure assessments failed to detect
Indiana bats and/or NLEB use or occupancy, yet later detected prior to, or during construction,
please submit the Post Assessment Discovery of Bats at Bridge/Culvert or Structure Form (User
Guide Appendix E) to this Service Office within 2 working days of the incident. In these
instances, potential incidental take of Indiana bats and/or NLEBs may be exempted provided that
the take is reported to the Service.

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
If the Proposed Action may affect any other federally -listed or proposed species and/or
designated critical habitat, additional consultation between the lead Federal action agency and
this Service Office is required. If the proposed action has the potential to take bald or golden
eagles, additional coordination with the Service under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act
may also be required. In either of these circumstances, please advise the lead Federal action
agency accordingly.
The following species may occur in your project area and are not covered by this determination:
• Bog Turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii Similarity of Appearance (Threatened)
• Gray Bat Myotis grisescens Endangered
• Heller's Blazingstar Liatris helleri Threatened
• Monarch Butterfly Danaus plexippus Candidate
• Roan Mountain Bluet Hedyotis purpurea var. montana Endangered
• Rock Gnome Lichen Gymnoderma lineare Endangered
• Swamp Pink Helonias bullata Threatened
• Tricolored Bat Perimyotis sub flavus Proposed Endangered

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The following project name and description was collected in IPaC as part of the endangered
species review process.
NAME
Northern Peaks Trail at Paddy Mountain
DESCRIPTION
Recreation

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557 4
The approximate location of the project can be viewed in Google Maps: https:
www.google.com/maps/@36.40675295,-81.50388389119772,14z
xree+�tain r
FL
d
IF

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
DETERMINATION KEY RESULT
Based on the information you provided, you have determined that the Proposed Action will have
no effect on the endangered Indiana bat and/or the endangered northern long-eared bat.
Therefore, no consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service pursuant to Section 7(a)(2) of
the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) (87 Stat. 884, as amended 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) is
required for these two species.
QUALIFICATION INTERVIEW
1. Is the project within the range of the Indiana bat[1]?
[1] See Indiana bat species profile
Automatically answered
No
2. Is the project within the range of the northern long-eared bat[1]?
[1] See northern long-eared bat species profile
Automatically answered
Yes
3. Which Federal Agency is the lead for the action?
A) Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
4. Are all project activities limited to non-construction[1] activities only? (examples of non -
construction activities include: bridge/abandoned structure assessments, surveys, planning
and technical studies, property inspections, and property sales)
[1] Construction refers to activities involving ground disturbance, percussive noise, and/or lighting.
No
5. Does the project include any activities that are greater than 300 feet from existing road/
rail surfaces[1]?
[1] Road surface is defined as the actively used [e.g. motorized vehicles] driving surface and shoulders [may be
pavement, gravel, etc.] and rail surface is defined as the edge of the actively used rail ballast.
Yes
6. Are all project activities greater than 300 feet from existing road/rail surfaces[1]?
[1] Road surface is defined as the actively used [e.g. motorized vehicles] driving surface and shoulders [may be
pavement, gravel, etc.] and rail surface is defined as the edge of the actively used rail ballast.
Yes

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
7. Does the project include any activities within 0.5 miles of a known Indiana bat and/or
NLEB hibernaculum[1]?
[1] For the purpose of this consultation, a hibernaculum is a site, most often a cave or mine, where bats hibernate
during the winter (see suitable habitat), but could also include bridges and structures if bats are found to be
hibernating there during the winter.
No
8. Is the project located within a karst area?
No
9. Is there any suitable[1] summer habitat for Indiana Bat or NLEB within the project action
area[2]? (includes any trees suitable for maternity, roosting, foraging, or travelling habitat)
[1] See the Service's summer survey guidance for our current definitions of suitable habitat.
[2] The action area is defined as all areas to be affected directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not merely
the immediate area involved in the action (50 CFR Section 402.02). Further clarification is provided by the User's
Guide for the Range -wide Programmatic Consultation for Indiana Bat and Northern Long-eared Bat.
No
10. Does the project include maintenance of the surrounding landscape at existing facilities
(e.g., rest areas, stormwater detention basins)?
No
11. Does the project include wetland or stream protection activities associated with
compensatory wetland mitigation?
No
12. Does the project include slash pile burning?
No
13. Does the project include any bridge removal, replacement, and/or maintenance activities
(e.g., any bridge repair, retrofit, maintenance, and/or rehabilitation work)?
No
14. Does the project include the removal, replacement, and/or maintenance of any structure
other than a bridge? (e.g., rest areas, offices, sheds, outbuildings, barns, parking garages,
etc.)
No
15. Will the project involve the use of temporary lighting during the active season?
No
16. Will the project install new or replace existing permanent lighting?
No
17. Does the project include percussives or other activities (not including tree removal/
trimming or bridge/structure work) that will increase noise levels above existing traffic/
background levels?
No

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
18. Will the project raise the road profile above the tree canopy?
No
19. Is the location of this project consistent with a No Effect determination in this key?
Automatically answered
Yes, because the project action area is not within suitable Indiana bat and/or NLEB
summer habitat and is outside of 0.5 miles of a hibernaculum.

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
DETERMINATION KEY DESCRIPTION: FHWA, FRA, FTA
PROGRAMMATIC CONSULTATION FOR TRANSPORTATION
PROJECTS AFFECTING NLEB OR INDIANA BAT
This key was last updated in IPaC on July 27, 2023. Keys are subject to periodic revision.
This decision key is intended for projects/activities funded or authorized by the Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), and/or Federal Transit
Administration (FTA), which may require consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(Service) under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) for the endangered Indiana bat
(Myotis sodalis) and the endangered northern long-eared bat (NLEB) (Myotis septentrionalis).
This decision key should only be used to verify project applicability with the Service's amended
February 5, 2018, FHWA, FRA, FTA Programmatic Biological Opinion ,dated March 23, 20231
for Transportation Projects. The programmatic biological opinion covers limited transportation
activities that may affect either bat species, and addresses situations that are both likely and not
likely to adversely affect either bat species. This decision key will assist in identifying the effect
of a specific project/activity and applicability of the programmatic consultation. The
programmatic biological opinion is not intended to cover all types of transportation actions.
Activities outside the scope of the programmatic biological opinion, or that may affect ESA -
listed species other than the Indiana bat or NLEB, or any designated critical habitat, may require
additional ESA Section 7 consultation.

08/07/2023 IPaC Record Locator: 263-130091557
IPAC USER CONTACT INFORMATION
Agency: Interface Environmental Consulting, LLC
Name: Sarah Duke
Address: 476 Hidden Pond
City: Boone
State: NC
Zip: 28607
Email [e-mail]
Phone: [phone]

Appendix 2 - PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION (PJD) FORM
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A. REPORT COMPLETION DATE FOR PJD: 07/20/2023
B. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERSON REQUESTING PJD: Carrie Caviness, IEC,476 Hidden Pond Rd, Boone, NC 26607
C. DISTRICT OFFICE, FILE NAME, AND NUMBER: Asheville
D. PROJECT LOCATION(S) AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
(USE THE TABLE BELOW TO DOCUMENT MULTIPLE AQUATIC RESOURCES AND/OR
AQUATIC RESOURCES AT DIFFERENT SITES)
State: NC County/parish/borough: Ashe City: West Jefferson
Center coordinates of site (lat/long in degree decimal format):
Lat.: 36.408020 Long.:-81.498984
Universal Transverse Mercator:
Name of nearest waterbody: Little Buffalo Creek (C;Tr)
E. REVIEW PERFORMED FOR SITE EVALUATION (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):
❑ Office (Desk) Determination. Date:
■❑ Field Determination. Date(s): 07/19/2023
TABLE OF AQUATIC RESOURCES IN REVIEW AREA WHICH "MAY BE" SUBJECT TO REGULATORY
JURISDICTION.
Site
number
Latitude
(decimal
degrees)
Longitude
(decimal
degrees)
Estimated amount
of aquatic resource
in review area
(acreage and linear
feet, if applicable)
Type of aquatic
resource (i.e., wetland
vs. non -wetland
waters)
Geographic authority
to which the aquatic
resource "may be"
subject (i.e., Section
404 or Section 10/404)
UT 1
36.4075100
-81.5010520
±772 If
non -wetland
404
UT 2
36.4074640
-81.5010160
±92 If
non -wetland
404
UT 3
36.4065680
-81.5016670
±980 If
non -wetland
404

1) The Corps of Engineers believes that there may be jurisdictional aquatic resources in
the review area, and the requestor of this PJD is hereby advised of his or her option
to request and obtain an approved JD (AJD) for that review area based on an
informed decision after having discussed the various types of JDs and their
characteristics and circumstances when they may be appropriate.
2) In any circumstance where a permit applicant obtains an individual permit, or a
Nationwide General Permit (NWP) or other general permit verification requiring "pre -
construction notification" (PCN), or requests verification for a non -reporting NWP or
other general permit, and the permit applicant has not requested an AJD for the
activity, the permit applicant is hereby made aware that: (1) the permit applicant has
elected to seek a permit authorization based on a PJD, which does not make an
official determination of jurisdictional aquatic resources; (2) the applicant has the
option to request an AJD before accepting the terms and conditions of the permit
authorization, and that basing a permit authorization on an AJD could possibly result
in less compensatory mitigation being required or different special conditions; (3) the
applicant has the right to request an individual permit rather than accepting the terms
and conditions of the NWP or other general permit authorization; (4) the applicant can
accept a permit authorization and thereby agree to comply with all the terms and
conditions of that permit, including whatever mitigation requirements the Corps has
determined to be necessary; (5) undertaking any activity in reliance upon the subject
permit authorization without requesting an AJD constitutes the applicant's acceptance
of the use of the PJD; (6) accepting a permit authorization (e.g., signing a proffered
individual permit) or undertaking any activity in reliance on any form of Corps permit
authorization based on a PJD constitutes agreement that all aquatic resources in the
review area affected in any way by that activity will be treated as jurisdictional, and
waives any challenge to such jurisdiction in any administrative or judicial compliance
or enforcement action, or in any administrative appeal or in any Federal court; and (7)
whether the applicant elects to use either an AJD or a PJD, the JD will be processed
as soon as practicable. Further, an AJD, a proffered individual permit (and all terms
and conditions contained therein), or individual permit denial can be administratively
appealed pursuant to 33 C.F.R. Part 331. If, during an administrative appeal, it
becomes appropriate to make an official determination whether geographic
jurisdiction exists over aquatic resources in the review area, or to provide an official
delineation of jurisdictional aquatic resources in the review area, the Corps will
provide an AJD to accomplish that result, as soon as is practicable. This PJD finds
that there "may be" waters of the U.S. and/or that there "may be" navigable waters of
the U.S. on the subject review area, and identifies all aquatic features in the review
area that could be affected by the proposed activity, based on the following
information:

SUPPORTING DATA. Data reviewed for PJD (check all that apply)
Checked items should be included in subject file. Appropriately reference sources
below where indicated for all checked items:
■❑ Maps, plans, plots or plat submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor:
Map:Jurisdictional Determination Map
0 Data sheets prepared/submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor.
❑ Office concurs with data sheets/delineation report.
❑ Office does not concur with data sheets/delineation report. Rationale:
❑ Data sheets prepared by the Corps:
❑ Corps navigable waters' study:
❑ U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas:
❑ USGS NHD data.
❑ USGS 8 and 12 digit HUC maps.
■❑ U.S. Geological Survey map(s). Cite scale & quad name:
Warrensville and Jefferson 1-24,000
■❑ Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey. Citation: Web Soil Survey
■❑ National wetlands inventory map(s). Cite name: National Wetlands Inventory
❑ State/local wetland inventory map(s):
■❑ FEMA/FIRM maps:
❑ 100-year Floodplain Elevation is: .(National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929)
■❑ Photographs: ❑ Aerial (Name & Date):
or ■❑ Other (Name & Date): Northern Peaks Trailhead 07/19/2023
❑ Previous determination(s). File no. and date of response letter:
❑ Other information (please specify):
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information recorded on this form has not necessarily
been verified by the Corps and should not be relied upon for later jurisdictional
determinations.
Signature and date of
Regulatory staff member
completing PJD
Signature and date of
person requesting PJD
(REQUIRED, unless obtaining
the signature is impracticable)'
' Districts may establish timeframes for requestor to return signed PJD forms. If the requestor does not respond
within the established time frame, the district may presume concurrence and no additional follow up is
necessary prior to finalizing an action.

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Unnamed Tributary 1
"UT 1"
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date: 07/18/2023
Project/Site: Paddy Mtn
Latitude: 36.407510°
Evaluator: Carrie Caviness
county: Ashe
Longitude:-81.501052°
Total Points:
Stream Determination (circle one)
Other
Stream is at least intermittent 22.5
Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial
e.g. Quad Name:
if>_ 19 or perennial if>_ 30"
I
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal = 10 )
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
5. Active/relict floodplain
0
1
2
3
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
3
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1
1.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
a artificial ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology (Subtotal = 7.5 )
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
1 0.5
1
1 1.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
C. Biology (Subtotal = 6 )
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL =
1.5 Other = 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes: 1 OYR 3,1 saturated soil above cobble
Sketch:

Unnamed Tributary 2
"UT 2"
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date: 07/18/2023
Project/Site: Paddy Mtn
Latitude: 36.407464'
Evaluator: Carrie Caviness
county: Ashe
Longitude:-81.501016'
Total Points:
Stream Determination (circle one)
Other
Stream is at least intermittent 29
Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial
e.g. Quad Name:
if>_ 19 or perennial if>_ 30"
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal = 13 )
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
5. Active/relict floodplain
0
1
2
3
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
3
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1
1.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
a artificial ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology (Subtotal = 8.5 )
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
1 0.5
1
1 1.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
C. Biology (Subtotal = 7.5 )
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL =
1.5 Other = 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes: 1 frog larvae, several fly larvae and mosquito
larvae
Sketch:

Unnamed Tributary 3
"UT 3"
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date: 07/18/2023
Project/Site: Paddy Mtn
Latitude: 36.406568°
Evaluator: Carrie Caviness
county: Ashe
Longitude:-81.501667'
Total Points:
Stream Determination (circle one)
Other
Stream is at least intermittent 22.5
Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial
e.g. Quad Name:
if>_ 19 or perennial if>_ 30"
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal = 11 )
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
5. Active/relict floodplain
0
1
2
3
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
3
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1
1.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
a artificial ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology (Subtotal = 6.5 )
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
1 0.5
1
1 1.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
C. Biology (Subtotal = 5
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL =
1.5 Other = 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes: Several fly and mosquito larvae
Sketch:

Ephemeral Channel 1
..Cl..
NC DWQ Stream Identification Form Version 4.11
Date: 07/18/2023
Project/Site: Paddy Mtn
Latitude: 36.406310°
Evaluator: Carrie Caviness
county: Ashe
Longitude:-81.505231°
Total Points:
Stream Determination (circle one)
Other
Stream is at least intermittent 11.75
Ephemeral Intermittent Perennial
e.g. Quad Name:
if>_ 19 or perennial if>_ 30"
I
A. Geomorphology (Subtotal = 8.5 )
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
5. Active/relict floodplain
0
1
2
3
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
3
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1
1.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
a artificial ditches are not rated; see discussions in manual
B. Hydrology (Subtotal = 0.5 )
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
1 0.5
1
1 1.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
C. Biology (Subtotal = 2.75 )
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL =
1.5 Other = 0
'perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes: boehmeria Cy in rica ins ream e
Soils are a very dry with
n0 re OX; high
organics
Sketch:

MEMO
11(C�r(� U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iu, JEFFERSON QUADRANGLE
`MO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NORTH CAROLINA- ASHE COUNTY
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11(C�r(� U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iu, WARRENSWLLE QUADRANGLE
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