20230992 Ver 1_Soil Map (2)_20230712

USDA United States
Department of
Agriculture
N RCS
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Buncombe County,
North Carolina
CAne Creek -Gravelly Creek Stie
June 20, 2023

Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nres/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https:Hoffices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nres) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nres142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at [phone] (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call [phone] (voice) or [phone] (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.

Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................
2
SoilMap..................................................................................................................
5
SoilMap................................................................................................................6
Legend..................................................................................................................7
MapUnit Legend..................................................................................................
8
MapUnit Descriptions..........................................................................................
8
Buncombe County, North Carolina..................................................................11
BeA—Biltmore
loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ....
11
DrB—Dillard
loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded ............................
12
HpA—Hemphill
loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, rarely flooded ........................13
IoA—lotla
loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded......................14
KsB—Kanuga-Swannanoa
complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes ........................15
KsC—Kanuga-Swannanoa
complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes......................17
RdA—Reddies
sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded...
18
RsA—Rosman
fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded..................................................................................................
19
StB—Statler
loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded .............................21
TsA—Toxaway
loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded..................22
UnB—Unison
loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..................................................
23
W—Water....................................................................................................
24
References............................................................................................................
25

Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.

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Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol
Map Unit Name
Acres in AOI
Percent of AOI
BeA
Biltmore loamy sand, 0 to 3
2.4
4.7%
percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
DrB
Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent
1.9
3.8%
slopes, rarely flooded
HpA
Hemphill loam, 0 to 3 percent
2.8
5.4%
slopes, rarely flooded
IoA
lotla loam, 0 to 2 percent
15.8
30.8%
slopes, occasionally flooded
KsB
Kanuga-Swannanoa complex, 2
0.5
1.0%
to 8 percent slopes
KsC
Kanuga-Swannanoa complex, 8
1.3
2.6%
to 15 percent slopes
RdA
Reddies sandy loam, 0 to 3
3.2
6.1 %
percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
RsA
Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3
15.7
30.6%
percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
StB
Statler loam, 1 to 5 percent
1.1
2.2%
slopes, rarely flooded
TsA
Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent
0.0
0.0%
slopes, frequently flooded
UnB
Unison loam, 2 to 8 percent
0.0
0.0%
slopes
W
Water
6.5
12.6%
Totals for Area of Interest
61.3
100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made

Custom Soil Resource Report
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into Iandforms or
Iandform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha -Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha -Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.

Custom Soil Resource Report
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
10

Custom Soil Resource Report
Buncombe County, North Carolina
BeA—Biltmore loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3s9
Elevation: 1,060 to 1,640 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 48 to 60 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated
Map Unit Composition
Biltmore, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Biltmore, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Natural levees on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Sandy alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 8 inches: loamy sand
C - 8 to 80 inches: sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00
to 20.00 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.2 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: F130BY012WV - Non-Hydric Flood plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear, concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
11

Custom Soil Resource Report
DrB—Dillard loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3vl
Elevation: 1,750 to 2,340 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Dillard, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 2 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Dillard, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 7 inches: loam
Bt - 7 to 50 inches: clay loam
BCg - 50 to 80 inches: sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: F130BY010VVV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
12

Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit. 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Microfeatures of landform position: Swales
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
HpA—Hemphill loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol. 1 t3wf
Elevation: 1,480 to 1,830 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 52 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Hemphill, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 70 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Hemphill, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy and clayey alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 8 inches: loam
Btg - 8 to 32 inches: clay loam
BCg - 32 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: Occasional
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 10.4 inches)
13

Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F130BY011VVV - Hydric Floodplains
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
IoA—lotla loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3wg
Elevation: 1,800 to 2,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained
Map Unit Composition
lotla, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 10 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of lotla, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bw - 10 to 31 inches: loam
C - 31 to 35 inches: loamy sand
Cg - 35 to 80 inches: loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Very low
14

Custom Soil Resource Report
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: NoneOccasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 7.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D
Ecological site: F130BY011VVV - Hydric Floodplains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit. 10 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
KsB—Kanuga-Swannanoa complex, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3wn
Elevation: 1,900 to 2,350 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Kanuga and similar soils: 50 percent
Swannanoa and similar soils: 35 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Kanuga
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 12 inches: loam
Bt - 12 to 58 inches: clay
Cg - 58 to 91 inches: gravelly sandy clay loam
15

Custom Soil Resource Report
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: F130BY010VVV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
Description of Swannanoa
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 15 inches: silty clay loam
Btg - 15 to 64 inches: clay
Cg - 64 to 91 inches: gravelly clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F130BY010VVV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down -slope shape: Concave
it.

Custom Soil Resource Report
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
KsC—Kanuga-Swannanoa complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3wp
Elevation: 1,900 to 2,350 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Kanuga and similar soils: 50 percent
Swannanoa and similar soils: 35 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Kanuga
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 12 inches: loam
Bt - 12 to 58 inches: clay
Cg - 58 to 91 inches: gravelly sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C
Ecological site: F130BY010VVV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
17

Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Swannanoa
Setting
Landform: Terraces
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 15 inches: silty clay loam
Btg - 15 to 64 inches: clay
Cg - 64 to 91 inches: gravelly clay
Properties and qualities
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high (0.20
to 0.57 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 18 to 24 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.7 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F130BY010VVV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
RdA—Reddies sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3xp
Elevation: 1,270 to 2,960 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Reddies, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Description of Reddies, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium over cobbly and gravelly alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 14 inches: sandy loam
Bw - 14 to 26 inches: fine sandy loam
2C - 26 to 80 inches: very gravelly sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to strongly contrasting textural
stratification
Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 24 to 42 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 3.4 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F130BYO12VVV - Non-Hydric Flood plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Ela, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down -slope shape: Linear, concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
RsA—Rosman fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally
flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3xy
Elevation: 1,690 to 2,590 feet
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Rosman, occasionally flooded, and similar soils: 80 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Rosman, Occasionally Flooded
Setting
Landform: Flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down -slope shape: Linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw - 10 to 59 inches: fine sandy loam
C - 59 to 80 inches: fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High (1.98 to 5.95
in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 42 to 60 inches
Frequency of flooding: Occasional
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: F130BY012WV - Non-Hydric Flood plains
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Concave, linear
Hydric soil rating: Yes
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Custom Soil Resource Report
StB—Statler loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes, rarely flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3y2
Elevation: 1,710 to 2,300 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 50 to 58 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Statler, rarely flooded, and similar soils: 85 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Statler, Rarely Flooded
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces on flood plains
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Linear
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bt - 10 to 50 inches: clay loam
C - 50 to 80 inches: sandy clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 1 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 48 to 72 inches
Frequency of flooding: Rare
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 11.5 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F130BY010WV - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit. 5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase, base slope
Microfeatures of landform position: Swales
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Linear, concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
TsA—Toxaway loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t3ym
Elevation: 1,850 to 2,050 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 45 to 70 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: Prime farmland if drained and either protected from flooding
or not frequently flooded during the growing season
Map Unit Composition
Toxaway, frequently flooded, and similar soils: 95 percent
Minor components: 5 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Toxaway, Frequently Flooded
Setting
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Parent material: Loamy alluvium
Typical profile
A - 0 to 26 inches: loam
Cg - 26 to 80 inches: stratified sandy clay loam to sand
Properties and qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: About 0 to 12 inches
Frequency of flooding: NoneFrequent
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.1 inches)
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4w
Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D
Ecological site: F130BY011 WV - Hydric Floodplains
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Toxaway, undrained
Percent of map unit: 5 percent
Landform: Depressions on flood plains
Down -slope shape: Concave, linear
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
UnB—Unison loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 1 t41 r
Elevation: 1,930 to 2,290 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 60 to 68 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 46 to 57 degrees F
Frost -free period: 116 to 170 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Unison and similar soils: 90 percent
Minor components: 1 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Unison
Setting
Landform: Stream terraces
Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional): Mountainbase
Down -slope shape: Convex
Across -slope shape: Convex
Parent material: Old alluvium
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: loam
Bt1 - 10 to 49 inches: clay
Bt2 - 49 to 80 inches: gravelly clay loam
Properties and qualities
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Drainage class: Well drained
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Custom Soil Resource Report
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high
(0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Moderate (about 8.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F130BY010VW - Terraces
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Hemphill, undrained
Percent of map unit. 1 percent
Landform: Depressions on stream terraces
Down -slope shape: Concave
Across -slope shape: Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Map Unit Composition
Water: 100 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Water
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w
Hydric soil rating: No
24

References
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and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep -water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/n ati o n a I/s o i Is/?cid = n res 142 p2_0 54262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www. nres. usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?cid=nres142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
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United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
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National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/
detail/national/landuse/rangepastu re/?cid=stelprdb1043084
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Custom Soil Resource Report
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/
n res/d eta i I/so i Is/scie ntists/?cid=n res 142 p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nres.usda.gov/wps/portal/nres/detail/national/soils/?
cid = n res 142 p2_05 3624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:H
www.nrcs.usda.gov/lnternet/FSE—DOCUMENTS/nrcsl 42p2_052290. pdf
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