20230909 Ver 1_05_Final_TryonDrainage_USACE_PreJD_20230622

urisdictional Determination Reauest
U5 Army Corps
of Engineers.
Wilmington District
This form is intended for use by anyone requesting a jurisdictional determination (JD) from the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District (Corps). Please include all supporting
information, as described within each category, with your request. You may submit your request
via mail, electronic mail, or facsimile. Requests should be sent to the appropriate project
manager of the county in which the property is located. A current list of project managers by
assigned counties can be found on-line at:
http://www. saw.usace. army.mil/Missions/RegulatoryPermitPro gram/Contact/CountyLocator. as]2
by calling 910-251-4633, or by contacting any of the field offices listed below. Once your
request is received you will be contacted by a Corps project manager.
ASHEVILLE & CHARLOTTE REGULATORY
FIELD OFFICES
US Army Corps of Engineers
151 Patton Avenue, Room 208
Asheville, North Carolina 28801-5006
General Number: [phone]
Fax Number: [phone]
RALEIGH REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US Army Corps of Engineers
3331 Heritage Trade Drive, Suite 105
Wake Forest, North Carolina 27587
General Number: [phone]
Fax Number: [phone]
INSTRUCTIONS:
WASHINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US Army Corps of Engineers
2407 West Fifth Street
Washington, North Carolina 27889
General Number: [phone]
Fax Number: [phone]
WILMINGTON REGULATORY FIELD OFFICE
US Army Corps of Engineers
69 Darlington Avenue
Wilmington, North Carolina 28403
General Number: 910-251-4633
Fax Number: [phone]
All requestors must complete Parts A, B, C, D, E, F and G.
NOTE TO CONSULTANTS AND AGENCIES: If you are requesting a JD on behalf of a
paying client or your agency, please note the specific submittal requirements in Part H.
NOTE ON PART D — PROPERTY OWNER AUTHORIZATION: Please be aware that
all JD requests must include the current property owner authorization for the Corps to
proceed with the determination, which may include inspection of the property when
necessary. This form must be signed by the current property owner(s) or the owner(s)
authorized agent to be considered a complete request.
NOTE ON PART D - NCDOT REQUESTS: Property owner authorization/notification for
JD requests associated with North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT)
projects will be conducted according to the current NCDOT/USACE protocols.
NOTE TO USDA PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS: A Corps approved or preliminary JD
may not be valid for the wetland conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of
1985. If you or your tenant are USDA Program participants, or anticipate participation in
USDA programs, you should also request a certified wetland determination from the local
office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, prior to starting work.
Version: May 2017 Page 1

Jurisdictional Determination Request
A. PARCEL INFORMATION
Street Address: See Figure 1: Vicinity Ma
City, State: Fayetteville, North Carolina
County: Cumberland County
Parcel Index Number(s) (PIN): N/A (Linear Utilites Project)
B. REQUESTOR INFORMATION
Name: Kimley-Horn; ATTN: Emma Radford, WPIT, CA
Mailing Address: 421 Fayetteville Street, Suite 600
Raleigh, NC 27601
Telephone Number: [phone]
Electronic Mail Address: [e-mail]
Select one:
I am the current property owner.
I am an Authorized Agent or Environmental Consultanti
Interested Buyer or Under Contract to Purchase
Other, please explain.
C. PROPERTY OWNER INFORMATION2
Name: City of Fayetteville (Via easement and temporary construction easement)
Mailing Address: 433 Hay St
Fayetteville, NC 29301
Telephone Number: [phone]
Electronic Mail Address: [e-mail]
' Must provide completed Agent Authorization Form/Letter.
2 Documentation of ownership also needs to be provided with request (copy of Deed, County GIS/Parcel/Tax Record).
Version: May 2017 Page 2

Jurisdictional Determination Request
D. PROPERTY ACCESS CERTIFICATION',4
By signing below, I authorize representatives of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (Corps) to enter upon the property herein described for the purpose of conducting on -
site investigations, if necessary, and issuing a jurisdictional determination pursuant to Section
404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. I, the
undersigned, am either a duly authorized owner of record of the property identified herein, or
acting as the duly authorized agent of the owner of record of the property.
Emma Radford, WPIT, CA
Print Name
Capacity: ❑ Owner Z Authorized Agents
06/01/2023
Date
a
Signature
E. REASON FOR JD REQUEST: (Check as many as applicable)
❑ I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities on this parcel which would be
designed to avoid all aquatic resources.
❑ I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities on this parcel which would be
designed to avoid all jurisdictional aquatic resources under Corps authority.
0 I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities on this parcel which may
require authorization from the Corps, and the JD would be used to avoid and minimize
impacts to jurisdictional aquatic resources and as an initial step in a future permitting
process.
❑ I intend to construct/develop a project or perform activities on this parcel which may
require authorization from the Corps; this request is accompanied by my permit application
and the JD is to be used in the permitting process.
❑ I intend to construct/develop a projector perform activities in a navigable water of the
U.S. which is included on the district Section 10 list and/or is subject to the ebb and flow of
the tide.
❑ A Corps JD is required in order obtain my local/state authorization.
❑ I intend to contest jurisdiction over a particular aquatic resource and request the Corps
confirm that jurisdiction does/does not exist over the aquatic resource on the parcel.
❑ I believe that the site may be comprised entirely of dry land.
❑ Other:
s For NCDOT requests following the current NCDOT/USACE protocols, skip to Part E.
a If there are multiple parcels owned by different parties, please provide the following for each additional parcel on a
continuation sheet.
s Must provide agent authorization form/letter signed by owner(s).
Version: May 2017 Page 3

Jurisdictional Determination Request
F. JURISDICTIONAL DETERNIINATION (JD) TYPE (Select One)
0 I am requesting that the Corps provide a preliminM JD for the property identified herein.
A Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination (PJD) provides an indication that there may
be "waters of the United States" or "navigable waters of the United States"on a property.
PJDs are sufficient as the basis for permit decisions. For the purposes of permitting, all
waters and wetlands on the property will be treated as if they are jurisdictional "waters of
the United States". PJDs cannot be appealed (33 C.F.R. 331.2); however, a PJD is
"preliminary" in the sense that an approved JD can be requested at any time. PJDs do
not expire.
❑ I am requesting that the Corps provide an approved JD for the property identified herein.
An Approved Jurisdictional Determination (AJD) is a determination that
jurisdictional "waters of the United States" or "navigable waters of the United
States" are either present or absent on a site. An approved JD identifies the limits of
waters on a site determined to be jurisdictional under the Clean Water Act and/or
Rivers and Harbors Act. Approved JDs are sufficient as the basis for permit
decisions. AJDs are appealable (33 C.F.R. 331.2). The results of the AJD will be
posted on the Corps website. A landowner, permit applicant, or other "affected
party" (33 C.F.R. 331.2) who receives an AJD may rely upon the AJD for five years
(subject to certain limited exceptions explained in Regulatory Guidance Letter 05-
02).
❑ I am unclear as to which JD I would like to request and require additional information
to inform my decision.
G. ALL REQUESTS
Map of Property or Project Area. This Map must clearly depict the boundaries of the
review area.
✓❑ Size of Property or Review Area 2.84 acres.
❑ The property boundary (or review area boundary) is clearly physically marked on the site.
Version: May 2017 Page 4

Jurisdictional Determination Request
H. REQUESTS FROM CONSULTANTS
Project Coordinates (Decimal Degrees): Latitude: 35.092134
Longitude:-78.935616
A legible delineation map depicting the aquatic resources and the property/review area.
Delineation maps must be no larger than I Ix 17 and should contain the following: (Corps
signature of submitted survey plats will occur after the submitted delineation map has been
reviewed and approved).6
■ North Arrow
■ Graphical Scale
■ Boundary of Review Area
■ Date
■ Location of data points for each Wetland Determination Data Form or tributary
assessment reach.
For Approved Jurisdictional Determinations:
Jurisdictional wetland features should be labeled as Wetland Waters of the US, 404
wetlands, etc. Please include the acreage of these features.
Jurisdictional non -wetland features (i.e. tidal/navigable waters, tributaries,
impoundments) should be labeled as Non -Wetland Waters of the US, stream, tributary,
open water, relatively permanent water, pond, etc. Please include the acreage or linear
length of each of these features as appropriate.
Isolated waters, waters that lack a significant nexus to navigable waters, or non -
jurisdictional upland features should be identified as Non -Jurisdictional. Please
include a justification in the label regarding why the feature is non jurisdictional (i.e.
"Isolated", "No Significant Nexus", or "Upland Feature"). Please include the acreage
or linear length of these features as appropriate.
For Preliminary Jurisdictional Determinations:
Wetland and non -wetland features should not be identified as Jurisdictional, 404,
Waters of the United States, or anything that implies jurisdiction. These features can be
identified as Potential Waters of the United States, Potential Non -wetland Waters of
the United States, wetland, stream, open water, etc. Please include the acreage and
linear length of these features as appropriate.
F] Completed Wetland Determination Data Forms for appropriate region
(at least one wetland and one upland form needs to be completed for each wetland type)
6 Please refer to the guidance document titled "Survey Standards for Jurisdictional Determinations" to ensure that the
supplied map meets the necessary mapping standards. hM2://www.saw.usace.4rmy.mil/Missions/Regulatoly-Permit-
Pro gram/Jurisdiction/
Version: May 2017 Page 5

Jurisdictional Determination Request
Completed appropriate Jurisdictional Determination form
• PJDs, please complete a Preliminary Jurisdictional Determination Form' and include the
Aquatic Resource Table
• AJDs• please complete an Approved Jurisdictional Determination Form'.
14 Vicinity Map
IZI Aerial Photograph
USGS Topographic Map
Soil Survey Map
Other Maps, as appropriate (e.g. National Wetland Inventory Map, Proposed Site
Plan, previous delineation maps, LIDAR maps, FEMA floodplain maps)
Landscape Photos (if taken)
NCSAM and/or NCWAM Assessment Forms and Rating Sheets
7 NC Division of Water Resources Stream Identification Forms
Other Assessment Forms
' www.saw.usace.army.mil/Portals/59/docs/regulatory/readocs/JD/RGL 08-02 App A Prelim JD Form fillable.pdf
8 Please see hM2://www.saw.usace.gM.mil/Missions/Re atory-Permit-Proaam/Jurisdiction/
Principal Purpose: The information that you provide will be used in evaluating your request to determine
whether there are any aquatic resources within the project area subject to federaljurisdictionunder the regulatory
authorities referenced above.
Routine Uses: This information may be shared with the Department of Justice and other federal, state, and local
government agencies, and the public, and may be made available as part of a public notice as required by federal
law. Your name and property location where federal jurisdiction is to be determined will be included in the
approvedjurisdictional determination (AJD), which will be made available to the public on the District's website
and on the Headquarters USAGE website.
Disclosure: Submission of requested information is voluntary; however, if information is not provided, the
request for an AJD cannot be evaluated nor can an AJD be issued.
Version: May 2017 Page 6

Appendix 2 - PRELIMINARY JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION (PJD) FORM
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A. REPORT COMPLETION DATE FOR PJD:
B. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERSON REQUESTING PJD: Emma Radford, WPIT, CA; 421 Fayetteville Street, Suite 600, Raleigh, NC 27601
C. DISTRICT OFFICE, FILE NAME, AND NUMBER:
D. PROJECT LOCATION(S) AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
(USE THE TABLE BELOW TO DOCUMENT MULTIPLE AQUATIC RESOURCES AND/OR
AQUATIC RESOURCES AT DIFFERENT SITES)
State: NC County/parish/borough: Cumberland County City: Fayetteville
Center coordinates of site (lat/long in degree decimal format):
Lat.: 35.092134 Long.:-78.935616
Universal Transverse Mercator: 17
Name of nearest waterbody: Little Cross Creek
E. REVIEW PERFORMED FOR SITE EVALUATION (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY):
❑ Office (Desk) Determination. Date:
❑ Field Determination. Date(s):
TABLE OF AQUATIC RESOURCES IN REVIEW AREA WHICH "MAY BE" SUBJECT TO REGULATORY
JURISDICTION.
Site
number
Latitude
(decimal
degrees)
Longitude
(decimal
degrees)
Estimated amount
of aquatic resource
in review area
(acreage and linear
feet, if applicable)
Type of aquatic
resource (i.e., wetland
vs. non -wetland
waters)
Geographic authority
to which the aquatic
resource "may be"
subject (i.e., Section
404 or Section 10/404)
S1-INT
35.092404
-78.936195
46 LF
Non -wetland (stream)
Section 404
S1-PER
35.092046
-78.935647
316 LF
Non -wetland (stream)
Section 404

1) The Corps of Engineers believes that there may be jurisdictional aquatic resources in
the review area, and the requestor of this PJD is hereby advised of his or her option
to request and obtain an approved JD (AJD) for that review area based on an
informed decision after having discussed the various types of JDs and their
characteristics and circumstances when they may be appropriate.
2) In any circumstance where a permit applicant obtains an individual permit, or a
Nationwide General Permit (NWP) or other general permit verification requiring "pre -
construction notification" (PCN), or requests verification for a non -reporting NWP or
other general permit, and the permit applicant has not requested an AJD for the
activity, the permit applicant is hereby made aware that: (1) the permit applicant has
elected to seek a permit authorization based on a PJD, which does not make an
official determination of jurisdictional aquatic resources; (2) the applicant has the
option to request an AJD before accepting the terms and conditions of the permit
authorization, and that basing a permit authorization on an AJD could possibly result
in less compensatory mitigation being required or different special conditions; (3) the
applicant has the right to request an individual permit rather than accepting the terms
and conditions of the NWP or other general permit authorization; (4) the applicant can
accept a permit authorization and thereby agree to comply with all the terms and
conditions of that permit, including whatever mitigation requirements the Corps has
determined to be necessary; (5) undertaking any activity in reliance upon the subject
permit authorization without requesting an AJD constitutes the applicant's acceptance
of the use of the PJD; (6) accepting a permit authorization (e.g., signing a proffered
individual permit) or undertaking any activity in reliance on any form of Corps permit
authorization based on a PJD constitutes agreement that all aquatic resources in the
review area affected in any way by that activity will be treated as jurisdictional, and
waives any challenge to such jurisdiction in any administrative or judicial compliance
or enforcement action, or in any administrative appeal or in any Federal court; and (7)
whether the applicant elects to use either an AJD or a PJD, the JD will be processed
as soon as practicable. Further, an AJD, a proffered individual permit (and all terms
and conditions contained therein), or individual permit denial can be administratively
appealed pursuant to 33 C.F.R. Part 331. If, during an administrative appeal, it
becomes appropriate to make an official determination whether geographic
jurisdiction exists over aquatic resources in the review area, or to provide an official
delineation of jurisdictional aquatic resources in the review area, the Corps will
provide an AJD to accomplish that result, as soon as is practicable. This PJD finds
that there "may be" waters of the U.S. and/or that there "may be" navigable waters of
the U.S. on the subject review area, and identifies all aquatic features in the review
area that could be affected by the proposed activity, based on the following
information:

SUPPORTING DATA. Data reviewed for PJD (check all that apply)
Checked items should be included in subject file. Appropriately reference sources
below where indicated for all checked items:
■❑ Maps, plans, plots or plat submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor:
Map:
0 Data sheets prepared/submitted by or on behalf of the PJD requestor.
❑ Office concurs with data sheets/delineation report.
❑ Office does not concur with data sheets/delineation report. Rationale:
❑ Data sheets prepared by the Corps:
❑ Corps navigable waters' study:
❑ U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas:
❑ USGS NHD data.
❑ USGS 8 and 12 digit HUC maps.
■❑ U.S. Geological Survey map(s). Cite scale & quad name:
(1:24,000) Fayetteville
■❑ Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey. Citation: Cumberland County, 1990
❑ National wetlands inventory map(s). Cite name:
❑ State/local wetland inventory map(s):
❑ FEMA/FIRM maps:
❑ 100-year Floodplain Elevation is: .(National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929)
■❑ Photographs: ■❑ Aerial (Name & Date): NC Statewide Orthoimagery, 2021
or ❑ Other (Name & Date):
❑ Previous determination(s). File no. and date of response letter:
❑ Other information (please specify):
IMPORTANT NOTE: The information recorded on this form has not necessarily
been verified by the Corps and should not be relied upon for later jurisdictional
determinations.
Signature and date of
Regulatory staff member
completing PJD
a.
06/01 /2023
Signature and date of
person requesting PJD
(REQUIRED, unless obtaining
the signature is impracticable)'
' Districts may establish timeframes for requestor to return signed PJD forms. If the requestor does not respond
within the established time frame, the district may presume concurrence and no additional follow up is
necessary prior to finalizing an action.

AGENT AUTHORIZATION FORM
Name: City of Fayetteville, Attn: Abha Dwivedy
Address: 433 Hay St, Fayetteville, NC 28301-5537
Phone: [phone]
Project Name/Description: Tryon Drive Drainage Improvements
Date: 5/23/2023
The Department of the Army
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Wilmington District
Attention:
Field Office
Ms. Katharine Elks
Wilmington Regulatory Field Office
Re: Wetland Related Consulting and Permitting
To Whom It May Concern:
The City of Fayetteville hereby designates and authorizes Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. to act
in my/our behalf as my/our agent solely for the purpose of processing Jurisdictional
Determinations, Section 404 permits/Section 401 Water Quality Certifications applications, and to
furnish upon request supplemental information in support of applications, etc. from this day
forward until successful completion of the permitting process or revocation by the owner.
In addition, I, the undersigned, a duly authorized owner (via easement and temporary
construction easement) of record of the property/properties identified herein, do authorize
representatives of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to enter upon the
property herein described for the purpose of conducting on -site investigations and issuing a
determination associated with Waters of the U.S. subject to Federal jurisdiction under Section 404 of
the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899.
Authorized this the day of
Abha Dwivedy
Print Responsible Party's Name
Cc: Shelton Sullivan
NC Division of Water Resources
401 & Buffer Permitting Unit
1650 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-1650
Responsible Party s Signature

Ohio
W(Ts fj,Virginia
Kentucky jo� � Virginia
South
Carolina

N ,
A
R O DRIG�
-- 4
a
0
o
cc
o
N.
4J
Legend
Project Study Area
Kimley>>> Horn
c
cc
Q
Feet
0 300 600
Figure 2: USGS Topographic Map
Tryon Drive Drainage Improvements
Fayetteville, Cumberland County, NC
May 2023

a
1
N � �
A •
j4
r
Legend
rq Project Study Area
Kimley>>> Horn
�
°
F c E; ..
'i 44 .,
Feet
0 400 800
Figure 4: NRCS Soil Survey Map
Tryon Drive Drainage Improvements
Fayetteville, Cumberland County, NC
May 2023

North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form, Version 4.11
Date: 4/18/2023
Project/Site. Tryon Drive Drainage
Improvements/Stream S1-INT
Latitude: 35.092404
Evaluator: E. Radford, WPIT&C. Vinter
County: Cumberland County
Longitude:-78.936195
(Kimley-Horn)
Total Points: 25.5
Stream Dete circle one)
Other
Stream is at least intermittent
Ephemera ntermitten erennial
e.g. Quad Name: Fayetteville
if >_ 19 or perennial if >_ 30
A. Geomorphology Subtotal = 11.5
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
Score
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
3
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
1
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
1
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
1
5. Active/relic floodplain
0
1
2
3
2
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
0
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
2
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
1 3
1
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1-4
1.5
0.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
0
B. Hydrology Subtotal = 7.5
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
2
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
1
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
0.5
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
3
C. Biology Subtotal = 6.5
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
3
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
3
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
0
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
0
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL
= 1.5; Other = 0
0
*perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes:
The intermittent reach of stream S1 originates outside of the project study area and
transitions to perennial flow at a small headcut upstream of the culvert inlet under Tryon
Drive. Stream S1-INT has moderate baseflow, sandy substrate, and weak sinuosity. Some
algae and iron oxidizing bacteria were observed within the stream channel. No other biology
was observed at the time of data collection.

North Carolina Division of Water Quality - Stream Identification Form, Version 4.11
Date: 4/18/2023
Project/Site. Tryon Drive Drainage
Improvements/Stream S1-PER
Latitude: 35.092046
Evaluator: E. Radford, WPIT&C. Vinter
(Kimley-Horn)
County: Cumberland County
Longitude:-78.935647
Total Points: 32
Stream Determination (ci
Other
Stream is at least intermittent
Ephemeral Intermitten erennial
e.g. Quad Name: Fayetteville
if >_ 19 or perennial if >_ 30
A. Geomorphology Subtotal = 16.5
Absent
Weak
Moderate
Strong
Score
1a. Continuity of channel bed and bank
0
1
2
3
2
2. Sinuosity of channel along thalweg
0
1
2
3
2
3. In -channel structure: ex. riffle -pool, step -pool,
ripple -pool sequence
0
1
2
3
3
4. Particle size of stream substrate
0
1
2
3
2
5. Active/relic floodplain
0
1
2
3
2
6. Depositional bars or benches
0
1
2
3
3
7. Recent alluvial deposits
0
1
2
3
1
8. Headcuts
0
1
2
1 3
1
9. Grade control
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
10. Natural valley
0
0.5
1-4
1.5
0.5
11. Second or greater order channel
No = 0
Yes = 3
0
B. Hydrology Subtotal =
12. Presence of Baseflow
0
1
2
3
3
13. Iron oxidizing bacteria
0
1
2
3
0
14. Leaf litter
1.5
1
0.5
0
1
15. Sediment on plants or debris
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
16. Organic debris lines or piles
0
0.5
1
1.5
0.5
17. Soil -based evidence of high water table?
No = 0
Yes = 3
3
C. Biology Subtotal = 7.5
18. Fibrous roots in streambed
3
2
1
0
3
19. Rooted upland plants in streambed
3
2
1
0
3
20. Macrobenthos (note diversity and abundance)
0
1
2
3
0
21. Aquatic Mollusks
0
1
2
3
0
22. Fish
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
23. Crayfish
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
24. Amphibians
0
0.5
1
1.5
0
25. Algae
0
0.5
1
1.5
1
26. Wetland plants in streambed
FACW = 0.75; OBL
= 1.5; Other = 0
0.5
*perennial streams may also be identified using other methods. See p. 35 of manual.
Notes:
The perennial reach of stream S1 originates at a small headcut within the project study area
where it then flows southeast through a culvert beneath Tryon Drive, and daylights for
approximately 130 ft before entering another culvert that runs beneath Tryon Drive and
Swann Street. Stream S1-PER daylights again on site at a culvert outlet south of Swann
Street where it continues to flow east off site. Stream S1-PER has strong base flow and in -
channel structure, with sandy substrate. Algae was observed within the stream channel.